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<mods:title>A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161671744" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E968F7C041BC5F2A81EDDFC752C2DDB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E968F7C041BC5F2A81EDDFC752C2DDB1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8D9E4A9A03A1DCFE857435094A3A88D5" ID-CoL="6XC4D" LSID="E968F7C0-41BC-5F2A-81ED-DFC752C2DDB1" authority="(Oberthuer, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Oberthuer" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia putzeysi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putzeysi">
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Salcedia putzeysi (
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, 1883)
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 14 - 19. Salcedia species, habitus, dorsal view, holotype 14 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 15 S. nigeriensis Alluaud (cotype) 16 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 17 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 18 S. procera sp. nov. 19 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures14-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370609" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 16</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 34</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 58–63" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 58 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 59 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 60 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 61 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 62 S. procera sp. nov. 63 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures58-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370615" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 60</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 68–76" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 75</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="793E8C8F87F44EA567B90B65749C7602" captionStart="Figures 14–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 14 - 19. Salcedia species, habitus, dorsal view, holotype 14 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 15 S. nigeriensis Alluaud (cotype) 16 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 17 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 18 S. procera sp. nov. 19 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures14-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370609" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 16</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F3C4CE8AB29578ED80964E967F68F72D" captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 34</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="35E3DE9B1A577AB8C412AFA279A96C97" captionStart="Figures 58–63" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 58 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 59 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 60 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 61 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 62 S. procera sp. nov. 63 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures58-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370615" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 60</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="2BA4D22FA5143E9AF2560470561834D0" captionStart="Figures 68–76" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 75</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="FEDD59098102FF00D72B116878326F03" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Holoprizus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holoprizus putzeysi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putzeysi">Holoprizus putzeysi</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="FE257728D740929D7A7192623575EE38" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="657F1A85D89890DBD631EFFFA557A44A" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Holoprizus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holoprizus putzeysi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putzeysi">Holoprizus putzeysi</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="667521CF1401126B7344ECE9DFC6A607" originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
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, 1883: XL;
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<bibRefCitation author="Csiki, E" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's monthly magazine, May" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Csiki, E, 1927. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. 91: Carabidae: Carabinae I. W. Junk, Berlin, 1-553." title="Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. 91: Carabidae: Carabinae I. W. Junk, Berlin, 1 - 553." year="1927">Csiki 1927</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="D7A15FF1EDA61BF0EBCF4E0DD29227D3" author="Csiki, E" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's monthly magazine, May" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Csiki, E, 1927. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. 91: Carabidae: Carabinae I. W. Junk, Berlin, 1-553." title="Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. 91: Carabidae: Carabinae I. W. Junk, Berlin, 1 - 553." year="1927">Csiki 1927</bibRefCitation>
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: 553.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Oberthuer" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia putzeysi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putzeysi">Salcedia putzeysi</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="6875D8C46E4A4E8A9BB7238CD77C32AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8602E49CB4E286119FDD5C80BEFD1E90" baseAuthorityName="Oberthuer" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia putzeysi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putzeysi">Salcedia putzeysi</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="5A761FA2D6B7CBEEB2993DB76C481C92" originalValue="Oberthür">Oberthuer</normalizedToken>
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, 1883):
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<bibRefCitation author="Reichardt, H" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="99 - 110" refId="B38" refString="Reichardt, H, 1975. The genera of Salcediina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini). Revista Brasileira Entomologia 19: 99 - 110" title="The genera of Salcediina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini)." volume="19" year="1975">Reichardt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="10AD175EFF57F2AE760100D81C03F80D" author="Reichardt, H" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="99 - 110" refId="B38" refString="Reichardt, H, 1975. The genera of Salcediina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini). Revista Brasileira Entomologia 19: 99 - 110" title="The genera of Salcediina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini)." volume="19" year="1975">Reichardt 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 103;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dostal, A" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="117 - 121" refId="B24" refString="Dostal, A, 1993. Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung aus Vietnam: Androzelma gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae: Salcediini). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen 45: 117 - 121" title="Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung aus Vietnam: Androzelma gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae: Salcediini)." volume="45" year="1993">Dostal 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="F481799E2EFBF265477DD0759BE9DCD6" author="Dostal, A" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="117 - 121" refId="B24" refString="Dostal, A, 1993. Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung aus Vietnam: Androzelma gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae: Salcediini). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen 45: 117 - 121" title="Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung aus Vietnam: Androzelma gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae: Salcediini)." volume="45" year="1993">Dostal 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 121;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Printed by the author, Tutzing" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Lorenz, W, 2005. Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera "Geadephaga": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition. Printed by the author, Tutzing" title="Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera " Geadephaga ": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="25363AE66D6D5D0D528115AF27A4D999" author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Printed by the author, Tutzing" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Lorenz, W, 2005. Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera "Geadephaga": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition. Printed by the author, Tutzing" title="Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera " Geadephaga ": Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 155.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AF75963E22837FD2E81C8ADAF091A980" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7E712ADCEE49B4E24B9E98D34097328B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3347E2513D4C126F7D2FCC95A1CA1E69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5DC72E43BA2CE2F175B48DAC00C018B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
: ♂, with labels and data: beige, black framed and printed "Addah.W.Afrika
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goldküste.”">Goldkueste."</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8D0C29AE766DAB352E7FFF73BCA0DFE7" originalValue="Goldküste.”">Goldkueste."</normalizedToken>
|
||||
/ white, handwritten "Holoprizus Putzeysi Oberth." / red, black printed
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“TYPE”">"TYPE"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="184D535D5AAD6DC9FDA11D4ADD846715" originalValue="“TYPE”">"TYPE"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(MNHN).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The holotype was in two pieces but glued. The aedeagus was dissected and stored in a microvial at the same pin as the specimen. The specimen is complete. The type label was hidden under the determination label.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="20D514761241898907EF056D922143AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="99E5E40EB24F13D87BE88EEE26FCB6EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="184C1B3EF7A6E0CAC2FE3822A6ED25B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The holotype was in two pieces but glued. The aedeagus was dissected and stored in a microvial at the same pin as the specimen. The specimen is complete. The type label was hidden under the determination label.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4E58F8CBD12C7219D439D4A09A201C5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2B747132F31CB47D59BBE2F208AF9FC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FBC7C33E8F89C8DC59620D6A77FA5A4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
4 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 specs., with labels and data: blue, printed, black framed "MUSEUM PARIS DAHOMEY ENV. DE PORTO-NOVO WATERLOT 1912" (MNHN, CBB), 1 spec. with label: beige, handwritten "
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BF14B459FCE89EF3EBFA5FED79E6EDBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||||
All." (MNHN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, with labels and data: white black printed "GHANA: Ashanti region Kumasi, Nhisau 330 m, N 6 43 - W1 36 Dr. S. ENDRODY-YOUNGA" / "Nr.284 black light 27.X.1967" (CBP).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="65C4910AD32F803D6798642515367240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C8686A3CCF5B00149AFD36074954A661" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BB23AC603C53A455D9104AAF1347D4A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
A large sized species, with sub-elongate outline of the elytra with maximum width at middle and the pronotum with a short outer lateral carina near base. The pseudohumerus is rectangular and with an indistinct tooth. The antennomeres are elongate. Distinguished most clearly from the most similar species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. schoutedeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5F563ABE6BAE7D37F68E302F13671A2" lsidName="S. schoutedeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="93AB197AB784000A9CD413EAA4BAFF02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigeriensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E91EB93570DA9210F028F3FDC6834387" lsidName="S. nigeriensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="629DFBC8AF0DDC962176F5BC0D065D70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, by the head with an obtuse angle laterally at the base, the lateral outline of the elytra which are straight at middle, the less convex lateral margin of the pronotum, and by the different aedeagus. It differs most from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. matsumotoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="matsumotoi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. matsumotoi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7BF2DCB47AEF49E7B71AD5ADFF12A3D9" lsidName="S. matsumotoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="matsumotoi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EDF15C3066BDEF4417A0784CF12C0F2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. matsumotoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. by the different characters of the ratios of the elytra and the pronotum and the less numerous tubercles at the lateral margin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="redescription">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8723B6D549021AAD6E7E105AC27EBC7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="redescription">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1CDE8372C577380F931D534B0BDEDB85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2CB5916DFB0CD904E49627FF19C854F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Measurements in Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements and ratios of Salcedia species. N = number of specimens measured; x ̄ = arithmetic mean; " term used " refers to the shape of the elytra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="95F1E2F9D457B412498D5A63E37BD1EF" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements and ratios of Salcedia species. N = number of specimens measured; x ̄ = arithmetic mean; " term used " refers to the shape of the elytra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour and surface:</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E1ECF822006B8163B45160E5C63E8B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5047F5A207D9880412868686974A739D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour and surface:</emphasis>
|
||||
Griseous, shiny; top of carinae on head, pronotum and elytra as well as margins of pronotum and elytra opaque, covered with pale grey pili; legs and mandibles fuscous, antennae and palpi leoninous.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head:</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE3DBD60B477A82F8FD2FCE23079D415" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B5369F1D9B3C6F2FE2CCD78A18884413" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head:</emphasis>
|
||||
Three-quarters of pronotum width. Outline campanulate. Clypeus wide, slightly convex anteriorly, fused with clypeal wings, separated from supra-antennal plates by obtuse notches, with raised transverse field at middle, separated from frons by broad transverse furrow, frons with two raised paramedian carinae, joining anteriorly into a V-like keel, keel slightly tooth-like overhanging anteriorly, with two small glossy teeth bilaterally anterior to central keel, with a short distinctly diverging carina at each side paralaterally at base. Frons separated from supraorbital plates by flattened broad furrows; with conspicuously deep, broad pit at level of front of eyes; supra-antennal and supraorbital plates margined, margin of supraorbital plate distinctly raised, carina-like, supra-antennal plates slightly vaulted. Basal border with broad emargination at middle, obtuse angled laterally (angle 120-123°). Eyes large, convex, genae slightly convex, parts of both of them clearly visible from above, with slightly trapezoid shape in lateral view. Antenna with segments five to ten elongate (L/W 1.25), densely pubescent, segments two to four scarcely pubescent, scapus with sub-elongate reticulation. Labrum convex anteriorly. Mandible moderately short, wide, slightly arcuate at apex. Mentum small, convex anteriorly, without tooth, epilobes wide, projecting and angled anteriorly, slightly margined medially, surface smooth, with isodiametric reticulation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A2DB8341180A63881E5CBB50BC5EF1E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E1920F82D74274DDFCB62B7208BABC2E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EA4176FCDDFC0625C8493EC70C206BF3" captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Outline rectangular, transverse, a third wider than long. Lateral margin slightly and regularly convex, maximum width at middle. Lateral margin distinctly crenulate, with ten to eleven distinct tubercles, tubercle anterior basal angle slightly more prominent, with two notches at posterior angles. Base straight laterally, with declining obtuse keel at middle pointing posteriorly. Disc flattened in lateral view, with two distinctly raised paramedian carinae parallel to median line and diverging posteriorly, without gap-like notches, with median line long, broadened anteriorly and narrowed posteriorly, with two additional and shortened carinae bilaterally at base, joining with the paramedian carinae and forming tooth-like tubercle at base pointing posteriorly, without anterior extension, without inner lateral carina, with very small and indistinct outer lateral carinae. All carinae sub-crenulate. Lateral margin broadly wing-like bent up, with six large and deep transverse pits, the basal ones partly separated into two smaller pits. Space between carinae and pits smooth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Elytron:</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E3B2DF2453BCCA5C5FA38FC586F38B25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2F89807DEAC41E7A889F9A6D0E0BF473" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Elytron:</emphasis>
|
||||
Slightly depressed in anterior half (lateral view), convex in frontal view. Sub-elongate, convex laterally but with straight part at middle, not diverging, maximum width at middle. Pseudohumerus rectangular, without distinctly projecting tooth. Apex rounded, with small but acute tooth at suture, slightly retracted. Disc with interneur six sub-crenulate, interneur one indistinctly carinate in anterior three-thirds, interneur three slightly carinate in whole length, interneur two running up to apex as nearly straight line, conspicuously raised, not reaching apex; interneur four running in parallel to interneur six, reaching base, shortened at apex. Interneur five and six with two rows of serial pits towards apex.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hind wings:</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="936EF1726729A42F0B48BDD50520894A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81B86807687A86DFFBAB9905B655D901" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hind wings:</emphasis>
|
||||
Fully developed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower surface:</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9614435B8FEF02ED4A6DDBB0D46F684C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DFC3A6578D97ECC759AC2137EBC0F689" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower surface:</emphasis>
|
||||
Antennal channel of pronotum with isodiametric reticulation. Pseudoepipleura with a row of pits, pits transverse towards apex, lateral margin of elytron smooth. Metepisternum elongate, with broad flat longitudinal groove. Metasternum, abdominal sternites one and five with numerous irregularly situated larger and smaller pits, sternite two to three smooth. Last abdominal sternites laterally with isodiametric reticulation, sternite one with longitudinal reticulation, two with isodiametric reticulation. Sternum four to six slightly sulcate. Sternum six with longitudinal flat pits laterally, with keel at apex.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="050FE6DCC919635AC2112EE22F358E00" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="48417C4779C245D8CE13132E91268E70" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||||
Profemora with surface indistinctly reticulated. Protibia with robust, moderately curved terminal spine, laterally with four teeth of decreasing size and with equal distance from each other, dorsally and ventrally with two carinae. First tarsomeres distinctly elongated, as long as tarsomeres two to four together.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External sexual dimorphism:</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="448B0317250EAA8CA81CE8C5939625E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DC566E7378E0E23B9D69CCDD1286B735" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External sexual dimorphism:</emphasis>
|
||||
Not observed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7C86CC918FDEB92F7DE0D46DFD82AFF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="71E3AE4DFF9B7192AC7B369314D8CCED" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 58–63" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 58 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 59 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 60 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 61 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 62 S. procera sp. nov. 63 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures58-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370615" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">60</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="44185D961A26BF415C28A670C1DDA528" captionStart="Figures 58–63" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 58 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 59 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 60 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 61 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 62 S. procera sp. nov. 63 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures58-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370615" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">60</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Median lobe stout, in dorsal view distinctly arcuate, slightly cracked at middle and at beginning of apical spatula, in lateral view convex, with very few fine pili in apical half, apical part oblique, in cross section suboval at apex. Oroficium small. Endophallus with dense group of brush-like microtrichia. Dorsal paramere relatively long, bisinuate, with moderate apophyses; ventral one relatively long, shaped club-like; both parameres slightly distorted.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E4B9A6A35ECB9509C1AB8C36A21C5C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="31713F7C5FB68980E2B858EDC600683E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 68–76" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">75</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="809728EC7F9D78D8ADFA76230A999639" captionStart="Figures 68–76" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">75</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Coxostylus slender, regularly broadened to base, less distinct curved, acute at apex, with eight large nematiform setae in basal half, one of them situated towards middle, one strong one at end of basal third.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B958FC19303A0DA74D3F6D127F2BFC02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="220D344F342412F825A7D7AB8094A155" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||||
The lateral margin of the pronotum varies from nearly straight (Ghana, Kumasi) to slightly more convex in specimens from Porto-Novo. The two specimens from the south of Ghana are slightly larger.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="15BDC17D9D7D4E14463FE85D59EB24C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4EE370719BD5E8F0C321141159675711" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="98A29E3774E5EA5BF13A30D6EAA39FF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1BECAFD4FF9A9AB71A028EF8BF952987" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Known from a lagoon in Ivory Coast and from Benin as well as from the south of Ghana.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="478080258CF8629DEF9349B9F63396F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The specimens from Porto-Novo, Benin (formerly Dahomey) are quoted in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Alluaud, C" journalOrPublisher="Afra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 20" refId="B4" refString="Alluaud, C, 1935. Note diverses. Localites nouvelles. Afra 9: 19 - 20" title="Note diverses. Localites nouvelles." volume="9" year="1935">Alluaud (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="735B1726B590C1C0AC8D981FA229D9D7" author="Alluaud, C" journalOrPublisher="Afra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 20" refId="B4" refString="Alluaud, C, 1935. Note diverses. Localites nouvelles. Afra 9: 19 - 20" title="Note diverses. Localites nouvelles." volume="9" year="1935">Alluaud (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
under
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“localités">"localites</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6A701384DD10B4DDDC16310C0D566CF2" originalValue="“localités">"localites</normalizedToken>
|
||||
nouvelles" as
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. schoutedeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57D51B1B7017D628F8AF7DA0EF3E4904" lsidName="S. schoutedeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A3AE3957543E850AE39D2CBF6E6A398E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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