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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.911.47694" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95da9378-92c6-49ee-b976-ade347a8b198" ID-PMC="PMC7031413" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-911-21" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B97DC22D9EA75E279D5F96AD3C6370BC" ID-PubMed="32104137" ID-ZooBank="491BA314A2034D45B9DFCDA9398CA0A0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-911-21" checkinTime="1581612318910" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Angyal, Dorottya, Chavez-Solis, Efrain M., Lievano-Beltran, Luis A., Magana, Benjamin, Simoes, Nuno &amp; Mascaro, Maite" docDate="2020" docId="E62795EAC7C15D0C8B95C214F62869C0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 911: 21-49" docOrigin="ZooKeys 911" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.911.47694" docTitle="Stygiomysis holthuisi" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="B97DC22D9EA75E279D5F96AD3C6370BC" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="B97DC22D9EA75E279D5F96AD3C6370BC" masterDocTitle="New distribution records of subterranean crustaceans from cenotes in Yucatan (Mexico)" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1732478956933" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4FB97A859F02B757E5AE6C9508B3CA1E">New distribution records of subterranean crustaceans from cenotes in Yucatan (Mexico)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Angyal, Dorottya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Chavez-Solis, Efrain M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Lievano-Beltran, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Magana, Benjamin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Simoes, Nuno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Mascaro, Maite</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162136187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E62795EAC7C15D0C8B95C214F62869C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E62795EAC7C15D0C8B95C214F62869C0" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName LSID="E62795EA-C7C1-5D0C-8B95-C214F62869C0" authority="(Gordon, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Malacostraca" family="Stygiomysidae" genus="Stygiomysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stygiomysis holthuisi" order="Stygiomysida" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holthuisi">Stygiomysis cf. holthuisi (Gordon, 1958)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Tulumella unidens (Thermosbaenacea) B Stygiomysis cokei (Stygiomysida) C Stygiomysis cf. holthuisi (Stygiomysida) D Antromysis cenotensis (Mysida) E Mayaweckelia troglomorpha (Amphipoda) F Mayaweckelia cenoticola (Amphipoda) G Tuluweckelia cernua (Amphipoda). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C, D, F, G); 10 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.911.47694.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/379525" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
<treatment id="E62795EAC7C15D0C8B95C214F62869C0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162136187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E62795EAC7C15D0C8B95C214F62869C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E62795EAC7C15D0C8B95C214F62869C0" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" scope_class="Malacostraca" scope_family="Stygiomysidae" scope_order="Stygiomysida" scope_subPhylum="Crustacea" scope_superOrder="Peracarida">
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<paragraph id="EDFD658F61010427942F0249ADF8BEEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="BA643B80444711C023F5B9FC72803C40" LSID="E62795EA-C7C1-5D0C-8B95-C214F62869C0" authority="(Gordon, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1958" family="Stygiomysidae" genus="Stygiomysis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stygiomysis holthuisi" order="Stygiomysida" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="holthuisi">Stygiomysis cf. holthuisi (Gordon, 1958)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="E2DB8C0BAD03569C2C5A065E263C8D44" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A Tulumella unidens (Thermosbaenacea) B Stygiomysis cokei (Stygiomysida) C Stygiomysis cf. holthuisi (Stygiomysida) D Antromysis cenotensis (Mysida) E Mayaweckelia troglomorpha (Amphipoda) F Mayaweckelia cenoticola (Amphipoda) G Tuluweckelia cernua (Amphipoda). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C, D, F, G); 10 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.911.47694.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/379525" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="42F4338102C07257E547E560B5605E10" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="30DC6B4E578A6F85F54C213BB16F51F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9AC8C99CA695DF24D1F40A9F269EA7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
2 individuals;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Tres Oches</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F2E69E370F0E2CC8021863E1656E970E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Tres Oches</emphasis>
, depth 21.6 m, cave, freshwater, 27 °C, Homun, Yucatan, Mexico; 5 June 2016; colls. D. Angyal &amp; E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E919A288C5E20B3A739ABD35C6F347A1" originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E8F56207597A1F4F0F228E852C293373" originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
. 1 individual;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Tza Itza</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DF20D8AD33F9A90B11C3927E81931EEC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Tza Itza</emphasis>
, depth 18.9 m, cavern, freshwater, 27 °C, Tecoh, Yucatan, Mexico; 10 May 2016; colls. D. Angyal &amp; E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BDEE943BC2AA8D0C6D99FF853FD57343" originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A91BE465C1CA231A2C3D498E10238851" originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
. 1 individual;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote X-Batun</emphasis>
<emphasis id="03CCA9F64EED4DA99B18CCEA490AD745" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote X-Batun</emphasis>
, depth 19.3 m, cavern, freshwater, 27 °C, San Antonio Mulix, Yucatan, Mexico; 14 May 2016; colls. R. Acosta, D. Angyal, J. Baduy &amp; S. Reyes. 3 individuals;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Kanun</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8B6F8CB39E7E2D1A022B7E3447F22BCE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Kanun</emphasis>
, depth 10.9-13.0 m, cave, freshwater, 26 °C, Homun, Yucatan, Mexico; 4 June 2016; colls. R. Acosta, D. Angyal, J. Baduy, B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magaña">Magana</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AA1049BF27DBDCBD54BE2BA8F4333E97" originalValue="Magaña">Magana</normalizedToken>
&amp; S. Reyes. 1 individual;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Kakuel</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3CB50ABEFEBC7AE17472F3500592E226" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Kakuel</emphasis>
, depth 29.8 m, cave, freshwater, 27 °C, Mucuyche, Yucatan, Mexico; 10 June 2016; colls. D. Angyal &amp; E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3167A5C90F0D9E368B0A4DC838F43A08" originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CB9F9E1BD0D782F10BD059B798821DC1" originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
. 1 individual;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Kankirixche</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E41D8F56864901622CFD4D2287D16AB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Kankirixche</emphasis>
, depth 3 m, cavern, freshwater, 27 °C, Mucuyche, Yucatan, Mexico; 11 June 2016; colls. D. Angyal &amp; E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="85347831A43A9644122745494520AFF1" originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2E3A59DDD5F465B4B45669A68C4117B3" originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
. 1 individual;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Santito</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0B424148C0651ED6A931FADDDC2383CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Santito</emphasis>
, depth 5.4 m, cavern, freshwater, 27 °C, Kopoma, Yucatan, Mexico; 10 November 2017; colls. D. Angyal, D. Drs &amp; L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="70F335513BA1FA16A8C7EBC87940142D" originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
. 1 individual;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Pol Box</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5DE7F9DB3FBBBA5FB7EE2A8E14586E6B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Pol Box</emphasis>
, depth 3.0 m, cavern, freshwater, 27 °C, Chochola, Yucatan, Mexico; 12 November 2017; colls. D. Angyal, S. Drs, L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E413D3FADA316AFAAD7CAA6A6AC5D69C" originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
&amp; E. Sosa. 4 individuals;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Kankal</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2A53915F34F1007AEE2FC5DFC8E5F59A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Kankal</emphasis>
, depth 6.0-27.0 m, cavern, freshwater, 25 °C, Homun, Yucatan, Mexico; 12 November 2017; colls. D. Angyal, S. Drs, L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="DEB1E794B7196E2A7DAB5E0D40E3FB2A" originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
&amp; E. Sosa. 2 individuals;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Flor de Liz</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DFAD26964B529C56957D8169FDA89484" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Flor de Liz</emphasis>
, depth 3.0 m, cavern, freshwater, 27 °C, Tixkokob, Yucatan, Mexico; 17 December 2017; colls. D. Angyal, S. Drs, L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D922C5307325FB475A50D7E0A578F6BB" originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
&amp; S. Reyes. 1 individual;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Bebelchen</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4A55BA734D0B91CC99DB3D24394118C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Bebelchen</emphasis>
, depth 30.0 m, cavern, freshwater, 25 °C, Sanahcat, Yucatan, Mexico; 18 December 2017; colls. D. Angyal, S. Drs, L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="932D721E9CE759B82BDC5497F3663205" originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
&amp; S. Reyes. 2 individuals;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Chihuo Hol</emphasis>
<emphasis id="937175D4F7DDD20555F874C7BA6D3931" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Cenote Chihuo Hol</emphasis>
, depth 16.0 and 25.0 m, cavern, freshwater, 27 °C, Mucuyche, Yucatan, Mexico; 26 January 2018; colls. D. Angyal, S. Drs, L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0D64F6E9A015B5742C4DA8836C8EF49E" originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
, B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magaña">Magana</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A08580D7D655A56FDA4FA290C1C734DD" originalValue="Magaña">Magana</normalizedToken>
&amp; N. Simoes. 3 individuals;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Yax Kis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B62E332BFA3022FF5DC9C731FA10BBBF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Yax Kis</emphasis>
, depth 9.0-25.0 m, cave, freshwater, 27 °C, Mucuyche, Yucatan, Mexico; 27 January 2018; colls. D. Angyal, S. Drs &amp; L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2334B6A7854EE49CAF4363D86B285BB8" originalValue="Liévano">Lievano</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Previous distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/1811552a0" author="Gordon, I" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="1552 - 1553" refId="B39" refString="Gordon, I, 1958. A new subterranean crustacean from the West Indies. Nature 181: 1552 - 1553, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/1811552a0" title="A new subterranean crustacean from the West Indies." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/1811552a0" volume="181" year="1958">Gordon 1958</bibRefCitation>
<subSubSection id="3268725447EFF88190E0AC1D13DBEE94" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="41B8B0F9D59C6B41CF1D47C842AF6BC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Previous distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B9203E424F7E912DA397EC45592D5867" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B0BB71B27EBB2ADCC26B36439F888D14" author="Botosaneanu, L" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Curaacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="128 - 132" refId="B15" refString="Botosaneanu, L, 1980. Stygiomysis holthuisi found on Anguilla (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Studies on the Fauna of Curaacao and other Caribbean Islands 61 (190): 128 - 132" title="Stygiomysis holthuisi found on Anguilla (Crustacea: Mysidacea)." volume="61" year="1980">Botosaneanu 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman, TE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="637 - 644" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34642466" refId="B23" refString="Bowman, TE, Iliffe, TM, Yager, J, 1984. New records of the troglobitic mysid genus Stygiomysis: S. clarkei, new species, from the Caicos Islands, and S. holthuisi (Gordon) from Grand Bahama Island (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 97: 637 - 644, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34642466" title="New records of the troglobitic mysid genus Stygiomysis: S. clarkei, new species, from the Caicos Islands, and S. holthuisi (Gordon) from Grand Bahama Island (Crustacea: Mysidacea)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34642466" volume="97" year="1984">Bowman et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F5FB955A4C3E54E18297EC9AD2E7E410" author="Bowman, TE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="637 - 644" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34642466" refId="B23" refString="Bowman, TE, Iliffe, TM, Yager, J, 1984. New records of the troglobitic mysid genus Stygiomysis: S. clarkei, new species, from the Caicos Islands, and S. holthuisi (Gordon) from Grand Bahama Island (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 97: 637 - 644, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34642466" title="New records of the troglobitic mysid genus Stygiomysis: S. clarkei, new species, from the Caicos Islands, and S. holthuisi (Gordon) from Grand Bahama Island (Crustacea: Mysidacea)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34642466" volume="97" year="1984">Bowman et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930010005033" author="Pesce, GL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="265 - 278" refId="B68" refString="Pesce, GL, Iliffe, TM, 2002. New records of cave-dwelling mysids from the Bahamas and Mexico with description of Palaumysis bahamensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Journal of Natural History 36 (3): 265 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930010005033" title="New records of cave-dwelling mysids from the Bahamas and Mexico with description of Palaumysis bahamensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Mysidacea)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930010005033" volume="36" year="2002">Pesce and Iliffe 2002</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7A39D3A18F1D531898F064D213631D21" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930010005033" author="Pesce, GL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="265 - 278" refId="B68" refString="Pesce, GL, Iliffe, TM, 2002. New records of cave-dwelling mysids from the Bahamas and Mexico with description of Palaumysis bahamensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Journal of Natural History 36 (3): 265 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930010005033" title="New records of cave-dwelling mysids from the Bahamas and Mexico with description of Palaumysis bahamensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Mysidacea)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930010005033" volume="36" year="2002">Pesce and Iliffe 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarez, F" editor="Alvarez, F" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon-PROMEP" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="379 - 418" refId="B2" refString="Alvarez, F, Iliffe, TM, 2008. Fauna anquihalina de Yucatan. In: Alvarez, F, Rodriguez-Almaraz, , Eds., Crustaceos de Mexico: Estado Actual de su Conocimiento. Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon-PROMEP: 379 - 418" title="Fauna anquihalina de Yucatan." volumeTitle="Crustaceos de Mexico: Estado Actual de su Conocimiento." year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="9F9B0167129C79A4801A6DB93B4A56A1" author="Alvarez, F" editor="Alvarez, F" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon-PROMEP" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="379 - 418" refId="B2" refString="Alvarez, F, Iliffe, TM, 2008. Fauna anquihalina de Yucatan. In: Alvarez, F, Rodriguez-Almaraz, , Eds., Crustaceos de Mexico: Estado Actual de su Conocimiento. Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon-PROMEP: 379 - 418" title="Fauna anquihalina de Yucatan." volumeTitle="Crustaceos de Mexico: Estado Actual de su Conocimiento." year="2008">
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2015
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,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.31.34347" author="Benitez, S" journalOrPublisher="Subterranean Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="15 - 28" refId="B9" refString="Benitez, S, Iliffe, TM, Quiroz-Martinez, B, Alvarez, F, 2019. How is the anchialine fauna distributed within a cave? A study of the Ox Bel Ha System, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 31: 15 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.31.34347" title="How is the anchialine fauna distributed within a cave? A study of the Ox Bel Ha System, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.31.34347" volume="31" year="2019">
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8A901348D2B676A451F4BB07457F59C" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
Type locality is Devil's Hole, St. Martin, Lesser Antilles (France). The species is known from the Bahamas, Anguilla, Puerto Rico, and the Yucatan Peninsula. In Quintana Roo
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. holthuisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="holthuisi">S. cf. holthuisi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FE7D5F6D2B76C156BB71A13D8118E321" lsidName="S. holthuisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="holthuisi">S. cf. holthuisi</taxonomicName>
was recorded from cenotes Mayan Blue, Casa Cenote,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Naach">Na'ach</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F33846C1EC420614F38C59EFBB3C005C" originalValue="Naach">Na'ach</normalizedToken>
Wennen Ha, Bang, Odyssey, Muknal, and Tabano. From Yucatan the species was previously known only from a single locality, Cenote Mucuyche.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="3EB4E52956442F1751987BC1FD11901C" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="075CE8C041F10C538081621D046EE34D" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F608CA52E0F3F544ED82ED5528753D39" pageId="0" pageNumber="21">
We have also recorded the species from cenotes Yaal Utsil, San Elias, and Dzonotila in freshwater bodies in both cavern and cave sections, between 3 and 30 m deep.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="BC6E9E8CD33D5056E8BD2E2788F72E07" author="Alvarez, F" editor="Alvarez, F" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon-PROMEP" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination="379 - 418" refId="B2" refString="Alvarez, F, Iliffe, TM, 2008. Fauna anquihalina de Yucatan. In: Alvarez, F, Rodriguez-Almaraz, , Eds., Crustaceos de Mexico: Estado Actual de su Conocimiento. Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon-PROMEP: 379 - 418" title="Fauna anquihalina de Yucatan." volumeTitle="Crustaceos de Mexico: Estado Actual de su Conocimiento." year="2008">
<normalizedToken id="73A8558668C9ADA2F9D50DE5EEBB9458" originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
and Iliffe (2008)
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and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1505" author="Alvarez, F" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination=": 1505" refId="B3" refString="Alvarez, F, Iliffe, TM, Benitez, S, Brankovits, D, Villalobos, JL, 2015. New records of anchialine fauna from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Check List 11 (1): 1505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1505" title="New records of anchialine fauna from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1505" volume="11" year="2015">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="287EBF4AF6EE9719D7D1B2DEB0C525C9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1505" author="Alvarez, F" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="21" pagination=": 1505" refId="B3" refString="Alvarez, F, Iliffe, TM, Benitez, S, Brankovits, D, Villalobos, JL, 2015. New records of anchialine fauna from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Check List 11 (1): 1505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1505" title="New records of anchialine fauna from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1505" volume="11" year="2015">
<normalizedToken id="FC060883A46CC32751AAF1B71B641C57" originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
et al. (2015)
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reported observations in both freshwater and around the halocline from cenotes in Quintana Roo.

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@ -1,194 +1,194 @@
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Dispersal power.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CDE3ED889A0993D587A46CF488246422" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Dispersal power.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="418F92F7DFF31BE7A85C5916F03F4750" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
Fully winged and flight-active (
<bibRefCitation author="Chikatunov, V" journalOrPublisher="Esperiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="291 - 298" refId="B19" refString="Chikatunov, V, Kravchenko, VD, Mueller, GC, 2006. Carabidae (Coleoptera) collected in the Israeli light trap survey and their association with the major phyto-geographical zones of Israel. Esperiana 12: 291 - 298" title="Carabidae (Coleoptera) collected in the Israeli light trap survey and their association with the major phyto-geographical zones of Israel." volume="12" year="2006">Chikatunov et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="039E5A234CFF2467D8DC640C41ABEB2E" author="Chikatunov, V" journalOrPublisher="Esperiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="291 - 298" refId="B19" refString="Chikatunov, V, Kravchenko, VD, Mueller, GC, 2006. Carabidae (Coleoptera) collected in the Israeli light trap survey and their association with the major phyto-geographical zones of Israel. Esperiana 12: 291 - 298" title="Carabidae (Coleoptera) collected in the Israeli light trap survey and their association with the major phyto-geographical zones of Israel." volume="12" year="2006">Chikatunov et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
; pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9FEA881A356690A8CBBFC6DCF0838AD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0AB2C9942C9AA46237CBD1400B7A78D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
A hygrophilous species in a wide range of habitats: from freshwater to brackish water habitats like winter ponds, shaded and unshaded streams, lakes, swamps, etc. Very abundant in the swamps north of the Sea of Galilee (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3134" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 31 - 34. Habitats of Platynini species in the southern Levant 31 Merom Golan (Golan Heights): water reservoir, habitat of Agonum rugicolle, A. sordidum, A. marginatum, A. viridicupreum, A. nigrum, and Anchomenus dorsalis infuscatus 32 Ein Akev (Central Negev): headwater stream in desert, habitat of Agonum nigrum 33 Breikhat Ya'ar (Coastal Plain, east of Hadera): winter pond, habitat of Agonum monachum syriacum, A. viridicupreum, A. nigrum, and Anchomenus dorsalis infuscatus 34 Nahal Bezet (Upper Galilee): softwood floodplain woodland with Oleander (Nerium oleander), habitat of Atranus ruficollis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62615.figures31-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554582" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">31</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B4E0E1C82E2F726980EEDCCDE205D438" captionStart="Figures 3134" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 31 - 34. Habitats of Platynini species in the southern Levant 31 Merom Golan (Golan Heights): water reservoir, habitat of Agonum rugicolle, A. sordidum, A. marginatum, A. viridicupreum, A. nigrum, and Anchomenus dorsalis infuscatus 32 Ein Akev (Central Negev): headwater stream in desert, habitat of Agonum nigrum 33 Breikhat Ya'ar (Coastal Plain, east of Hadera): winter pond, habitat of Agonum monachum syriacum, A. viridicupreum, A. nigrum, and Anchomenus dorsalis infuscatus 34 Nahal Bezet (Upper Galilee): softwood floodplain woodland with Oleander (Nerium oleander), habitat of Atranus ruficollis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62615.figures31-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554582" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">31</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3134" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 31 - 34. Habitats of Platynini species in the southern Levant 31 Merom Golan (Golan Heights): water reservoir, habitat of Agonum rugicolle, A. sordidum, A. marginatum, A. viridicupreum, A. nigrum, and Anchomenus dorsalis infuscatus 32 Ein Akev (Central Negev): headwater stream in desert, habitat of Agonum nigrum 33 Breikhat Ya'ar (Coastal Plain, east of Hadera): winter pond, habitat of Agonum monachum syriacum, A. viridicupreum, A. nigrum, and Anchomenus dorsalis infuscatus 34 Nahal Bezet (Upper Galilee): softwood floodplain woodland with Oleander (Nerium oleander), habitat of Atranus ruficollis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62615.figures31-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554582" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">33</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="65E83FB588AEADD32C9B2FC244C92298" captionStart="Figures 3134" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 31 - 34. Habitats of Platynini species in the southern Levant 31 Merom Golan (Golan Heights): water reservoir, habitat of Agonum rugicolle, A. sordidum, A. marginatum, A. viridicupreum, A. nigrum, and Anchomenus dorsalis infuscatus 32 Ein Akev (Central Negev): headwater stream in desert, habitat of Agonum nigrum 33 Breikhat Ya'ar (Coastal Plain, east of Hadera): winter pond, habitat of Agonum monachum syriacum, A. viridicupreum, A. nigrum, and Anchomenus dorsalis infuscatus 34 Nahal Bezet (Upper Galilee): softwood floodplain woodland with Oleander (Nerium oleander), habitat of Atranus ruficollis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62615.figures31-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554582" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Spring breeder (reproduction. March to May), adults hibernate.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="035251BE4FB86C2ABB82A057C5D34E7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="AA59E5F82A8BEE9A6999D9E92B6033E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="705FE60306FDD07A1FFCDFC181417846" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Spring breeder (reproduction. March to May), adults hibernate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="449" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Distribution range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
<subSubSection id="F6BF2DDA06449B25CB3CE870E13E824B" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4CB30E2D9106123C3B0A51F7E739AD9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Distribution range.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7067C415E09F06CBAA537C3CE9F2C534" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
From western Europe to Central Asia, northwards to Central Europe, southwards to North Africa, eastwards to Central Asia (
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt, J" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden, Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="642 - 675" refId="B71" refString="Schmidt, J, 2017. Tribe Platynini Bonelli, 1810. In: Loebl, I, Loebl, D, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1 (revised and updated edition, Aechostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga). Brill, Leiden, Boston: 642 - 675" title="Tribe Platynini Bonelli, 1810." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1 (revised and updated edition, Aechostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga)." year="2017">Schmidt 2017</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FD151739B22ED113ACC787DAE66EA" author="Schmidt, J" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="Brill, Leiden, Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="642 - 675" refId="B71" refString="Schmidt, J, 2017. Tribe Platynini Bonelli, 1810. In: Loebl, I, Loebl, D, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1 (revised and updated edition, Aechostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga). Brill, Leiden, Boston: 642 - 675" title="Tribe Platynini Bonelli, 1810." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1 (revised and updated edition, Aechostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga)." year="2017">Schmidt 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="449" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Distribution in the southern Levant.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
<subSubSection id="84C5A954D3C2EAE86C8BF9AE7A2A3183" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DE5D98C3CC3D23D9388C074DB98B863B" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Distribution in the southern Levant.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF202643AEB4EB6D7750008A0A4535B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
From the Mediterranean climate zone to desert zone (Central Negev and Wadi Hasa). Egypt (Sinai, several sites:
<bibRefCitation author="Schatzmayr, A" journalOrPublisher="Pubblicazioni del Museo Entomologico &quot; Pietro Rossi &quot;, Udine" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="1 - 114" refId="B68" refString="Schatzmayr, A, 1936. Risultati scientifici della spedizione entomologica di S.A.S. il Principe Alessandro della Torre e Tasso in Egitto e nella penisola del Sinai. Pubblicazioni del Museo Entomologico &quot;Pietro Rossi&quot;, Udine 1: 1 - 114" title="Risultati scientifici della spedizione entomologica di S. A. S. il Principe Alessandro della Torre e Tasso in Egitto e nella penisola del Sinai." volume="1" year="1936">Schatzmayr 1936</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="DAB96CA88E650F43BCE79C205A26A7AB" author="Schatzmayr, A" journalOrPublisher="Pubblicazioni del Museo Entomologico &quot; Pietro Rossi &quot;, Udine" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="1 - 114" refId="B68" refString="Schatzmayr, A, 1936. Risultati scientifici della spedizione entomologica di S.A.S. il Principe Alessandro della Torre e Tasso in Egitto e nella penisola del Sinai. Pubblicazioni del Museo Entomologico &quot;Pietro Rossi&quot;, Udine 1: 1 - 114" title="Risultati scientifici della spedizione entomologica di S. A. S. il Principe Alessandro della Torre e Tasso in Egitto e nella penisola del Sinai." volume="1" year="1936">Schatzmayr 1936</bibRefCitation>
), Israel (
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<bibRefCitation id="D37317E8689B9DE3E6176D74F4EFEBD7" author="Schmidt, J" journalOrPublisher="VERNATE" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="225 - 257" refId="B72" refString="Schmidt, J, Liebherr, JK, 2009. Beitraege zur Systematik und Verbreitung palaearktischer Arten der Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae). VERNATE 28: 225 - 257" title="Beitraege zur Systematik und Verbreitung palaearktischer Arten der Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="28" year="2009">Schmidt and Liebherr 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Jordan (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" author="Nasir, WM" journalOrPublisher="Zoology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="269 - 291" refId="B57" refString="Nasir, WM, Katbeh-Bader, A, 2017. Annotated checklist of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Jordan. Zoology and Ecology 27: 269 - 291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" title="Annotated checklist of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" volume="27" year="2017">Nasir and Katbeh-Bader 2017</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="AE55BF610A013E8250752D5ECD41AA02" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" author="Nasir, WM" journalOrPublisher="Zoology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="269 - 291" refId="B57" refString="Nasir, WM, Katbeh-Bader, A, 2017. Annotated checklist of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Jordan. Zoology and Ecology 27: 269 - 291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" title="Annotated checklist of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Jordan." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2017.1400217" volume="27" year="2017">Nasir and Katbeh-Bader 2017</bibRefCitation>
), Lebanon, Syria (
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt, J" journalOrPublisher="VERNATE" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="225 - 257" refId="B72" refString="Schmidt, J, Liebherr, JK, 2009. Beitraege zur Systematik und Verbreitung palaearktischer Arten der Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae). VERNATE 28: 225 - 257" title="Beitraege zur Systematik und Verbreitung palaearktischer Arten der Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="28" year="2009">Schmidt and Liebherr 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7F63515A20BB97E2A50DF1FF2AB81613" author="Schmidt, J" journalOrPublisher="VERNATE" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" pagination="225 - 257" refId="B72" refString="Schmidt, J, Liebherr, JK, 2009. Beitraege zur Systematik und Verbreitung palaearktischer Arten der Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae). VERNATE 28: 225 - 257" title="Beitraege zur Systematik und Verbreitung palaearktischer Arten der Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="28" year="2009">Schmidt and Liebherr 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
<paragraph id="FF5D24C8533AF21588E7E274C47FE492" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
We did not find the species in the extremely arid and hot areas around the Dead Sea or at the springs in the Arava Valley. Also in the light catches from the En Gedi Nature Reserve (kept in the ZSM), which cover the whole year, the species is missing like all other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A2620FC6644049FBD126105143B4BB0E" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="449" type="conservation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Conservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
<subSubSection id="0DF2BDCAB2C8AC197E95875C7822B6E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="97D5049A13CB1202C26CD3C1BCFBA1B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Conservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F0C83247AB10057469E7CA7490FD5E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">
In contrast to some other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Agonum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B1B05DB6062B31413DDEF0B3E2064DF3" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="86D8A8CF343E0B0C101A40EB5F9D6EEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="449">Agonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species not threatened and still widespread. Found even in strongly urbanized areas, like a winter pond circled by highway loops north of Tel Aviv (pers. obs.).
</paragraph>

View file

@ -1,243 +1,243 @@
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Craspedolcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Craspedolcus quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">Craspedolcus quadrirugulosus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="1C20B9B03D560E250D3131A399025AFE" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Craspedolcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Craspedolcus quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">Craspedolcus quadrirugulosus</taxonomicName>
Enderlein, 1920: 94; Shenefelt, 1978: 1673;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Isomecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isomecus quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">Isomecus quadrirugulosus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7BE787A96BB05535E5548AB4ACF8DE7A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Isomecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isomecus quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">Isomecus quadrirugulosus</taxonomicName>
: Quicke &amp; van Achterberg, 1990: 253, 256;
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">Vipio quadrirugulosus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="The International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B30" refString="Yu, DSK, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive, Nepean, Ontario. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive, Nepean, Ontario." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="785258F629630A9784D7EF9E16298027" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">Vipio quadrirugulosus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="CF12030F932087038205F7A62E3B4D61" author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="The International Society of Hymenopterists, Washington DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B30" refString="Yu, DSK, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive, Nepean, Ontario. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Database on flash-drive, Nepean, Ontario." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2016">Yu et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection id="5C60CA0880ADC41DFEE2D5B1FD3B3D8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="type material">
<paragraph id="2AD0D1F6BB5FF10750B9C9A5F1903C2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="679C016D81D783A5121EF8D6378E95C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Holotype♀,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Craspedolcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Craspedolcus quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Craspedolcus quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="209AD9667E2FA0054C267007CE88A72F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Craspedolcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Craspedolcus quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis id="84DAF139E7DDD9CA6F5FF1C0917F78D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Craspedolcus quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Enderlein, 1920,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ecuador</emphasis>
<emphasis id="BE021622D5EC674D56542945E95B6924" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ecuador</emphasis>
, Bucay, (no additional data) (APSW).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Costa Rica</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="50203136F3AE8F9102E5F5E4E68D8118" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4C2346AF9AF10615C3E8A89DA8EF9A09" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82730CC11969FB442D79E3A806103CC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="1B451F942300A567369BD42270949D06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Costa Rica</emphasis>
: 1♀, Alajuela, Rio-Laguna de Arenal, 500 m, 14.iii.1988 (P. Hanson) (RMSEL); 1 ♀, Guanacaste, Hacind, La Pacifica, Canas, 3 km N, 24.i.1972 (G. Frankie) (TAMU).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">El Salvador</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F7D32123D604E26D8A7DEFD1EC342AF7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">El Salvador</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Quezaltepeque, 20.vi.1961 (M.E. Irwin) (USNM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Guatamala</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E337E7EFB60C5E5BB3A28570B726AD7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Guatamala</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Yepocopa, v.1948, (H.T. Dalmat) (USNM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Honduras</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6A5EB1B6BC83709A9F86FD4D93F8C0D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Honduras</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Mt. Pine Ridge, 2-6.vii.1967 (Porter) (USNM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Mexico</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D3010A95D8012FA15DC1D73B3D1976C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Mexico</emphasis>
: 2 ♀, Chiapas, Pichucalco, 11.6 mi. SE, 3.viii.1980, (Schaffner, Weaver, Freidlander) (TAMU); 1 ♀, Chiapas, Huixtla, 20 mi. N, 3000', 1.vi.1969 (W.R.M. Mason) (TAMU); 1 ♀, Chiapas, Pichucalco, 9.5 mi. NW, 3.viii.1980 (TAMU); 1 ♀, Chiapas, Campostela Rio de Marcos, 42.7 mi. SW, 100', 1.i.1942, (R.R &amp; H.E. Murray) (TAMU). 1 ♀, Chiapas, No 2154 (C.F. Baker), 1 ♀, Morelos, Cuernavaca, iii.1945 (N.L.H. Krauss) (USNM); 1 ♀, Tabasco, Cardina, 8.ix.1974, (G. Bohart &amp; W. Hanson) (USU).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Panama</emphasis>
<emphasis id="11A4FC3F75C9EFA7A9D84A28B1969EB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Panama</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Canal Zone, Albrook Field, 25.x.1937 (USNM); 1 ♀, Panama City, Bella Vista, 7.viii.1924, (N. Banks) (USNM); 1 ♀, Canal Zone, Ft. Clayton, xii.1946 (N.L.H. Krauss) (USNM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">This species can be easily recognised from all other species by the black metasoma. Additionally, T II-V are densely striate longitudinally and the claws have a pointed basal lobe.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="CEED2437FB137E6DC329E8E2B8CCED6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="84F383326603F34752A8D6D1310CD4D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4B3308A874D7E9A25EE6B37B805E8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">This species can be easily recognised from all other species by the black metasoma. Additionally, T II-V are densely striate longitudinally and the claws have a pointed basal lobe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Females</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="00E3B3EEB0ECC3AB36DE749F9DC0C41B" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B092CCC806D4043EF1CEBE37FEFD18D" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6926CDEA1DF6F4322B62B07C044C586E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="50FE805FB2DB9C4E20469339938C1A05" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Females</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">N</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9F992FD59D5C533A66E70ED01F719952" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">N</emphasis>
= 17) length of body 4.8-9.3 mm; of fore wing 5.3-8.3 mm, of ovipositor 2.3-2.6 mm, and of antenna 4.6-8.5 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Head.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="830447B3D11102B20FD04B718B663664" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="09A46FAB6F159FF6FA3F4D9CE128CDCA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Head.</emphasis>
Antenna 0.94-1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F7DBF3A315B12447605D9E94AF836BAE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length; with 39-47 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="74CB05B9570878585878D9BF76C9B4A3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than second, 2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5ABBB633FA8A3BB7951387227AB898C5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; second flagellomere 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B599E96E8472A8E2624FB2FE007B0588" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; median flagellomeres 1.0-1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CC37BA2BE58C13F0A7967710E47CCF93" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; antenna gradually tapering towards apex; terminal flagellomere acutely pointed apically; head transverse; clypeus rugulose; clypeal guard setae consist of one seta above each anterior-tentorial pit; face smooth and shiny or sparsely punctate; remainder of head smooth and shiny; HL/HH 0.76-0.78; HW/HH 0.75-0.78; FH/FW 0.6-0.62; EH/HH 0.63-0.67; EH/FW 0.99-1.1; EW/EH 0.72-0.74; ITD 1.35-1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="51EA50B7B0DE5196B9D4E31E6D4D3510" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
TOD; MS 0.32-0.35
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EA3B8C82B9C45DE573D34FFDF2817EF9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
EH; LMC 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="67FF0428811E81C00150B5BD4644B61F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
HH; third segment of maxillary palpus 4.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="495FB3044A735B3D255664AA26B699AB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="5CD0E2C02CA9B367402DA1C6A8DDB099" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="C89457DDA26326A746FF0966F8DA3436" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Length of mesosoma 1.5-1.64
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D2B6A6C82C30BA7368F1F038DA43263F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height; smooth and shiny, except dorsally crenulate pronotal furrow; pronotum usually carinate antero-laterally; notauli smooth; propodeum mostly smooth except slight rugose apically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Wings.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="EF60B82AF7CF53A9819A1F97518173DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="EBED1C8A48A1D691AC40E681B47482CF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Wings.</emphasis>
Fore wing: length of fore wing 1.0-1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D23A22B1F05939618B573224807C060C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length; PL/LRC 0.9-1.0; PW/PL 0.19-0.24; length of vein 3RSb 0.77-0.82
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="86E1F9522560D2FFC0FB0B4C8F35337E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
combined length of r-rs and 3RSa; length of vein 1M 0.66-0.71
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5CFA511550EC8298CB4DEF1A69F1F152" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of (RS+M)a; 3RSa reaching wing margin 0.63-0.65 distance between apex of pterostigma and wing apex. Hind wing: basally uniformly setose; apex of vein C+SC+R with one or two basal hamules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Legs.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="EEDDD6462EF918D765685BF34E54694B" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="954C533227C248E8A29ADD1AF55B6821" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Legs.</emphasis>
Claw with wide pointed basal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Metasoma.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="B1103045632893A047E97FE3D5674295" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="86095BCDAECCC0F7657B1456C32382D1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Metasoma.</emphasis>
First tergite 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="335EA2E2D0CD21FBB6FC556DFFCBFC2A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than posteriorly wide; raised median area oval, smooth or rugulose anteriorly with or without a complete median longitudinal carina; always with a median longitudinal carina and areolate-rugose posteriorly; surrounding area with transverse carinae; dorso-lateral carina lamelliform; T II-V longitudinally striate; T II 2.0-2.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A4418591986A52371B06E670E272830B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long, basal areas smooth and shiny oblique furrow strongly impressed, striate; T III 2.2-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5CF8C417A35237D9070092C956EE0550" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than medially long, baso-lateral areas usually carinate-rugulose; T IV baso-lateral area rugulose; T V smooth and shiny, rarely striate; remainder of metasoma smooth and shiny; hypopygium short, ending at apex of metasoma; ovipositor 0.35-0.48
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E8484F95A7DA38E96B3BD1FD7731ADEC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Colour.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="B610CC07A1EA92A32958DB6EC0787F56" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="2FDDAE70548715FB2D5DB17559E9A1EE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Colour.</emphasis>
Head black, except a yellowish red and/or yellowish stripe surrounding the eye and basal half mandible reddish yellow to yellow; antenna, maxillary and labial palpi, prosternum, propleuron, legs, and metasoma black. Wings brownish black, pterostigma black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Distribution and seasonality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ranging from northern Mexico southwards to Ecuador (with records from Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Panama). Specimens from Costa Rica were collected from January through March, June in El Salvador, May in Guatemala, July in Honduras, August through December in Panama, and from June through September in Mexico.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="8C14BE736B75B06A200B2FC043E0297E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C5776A062BD54D86F2221E5A87A9AA04" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Distribution and seasonality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8822A90BE536E9FE03243017EE3D9891" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ranging from northern Mexico southwards to Ecuador (with records from Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Panama). Specimens from Costa Rica were collected from January through March, June in El Salvador, May in Guatemala, July in Honduras, August through December in Panama, and from June through September in Mexico.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="C78421D2D646F5F9E74644E306B647DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="DEC1F37005E1F956FFBB7D9A3E36A3E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A52EAE5363E42C514926A098A710088F" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="64DAAF9A34A938F48B81B1845DADDB2E" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis id="2074450EB207606FAA6868B7132E7F22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears closely related to the Nearctic
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. rugator" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="rugator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">V. rugator</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C4D8A7C59B93CCBACC19372F26D1F761" lsidName="V. rugator" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="rugator">
<emphasis id="F2149658D28C448834E702D971660C1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">V. rugator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of presence of a raised median area on the face, a strongly sclerotised and densely longitudinally striate metasoma, short ovipositor, and the presence of a pointed basal lobe on the claw. However, the black metasoma and the presence of carinae on the raised median area in
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. quadrirugulosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">V. quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="819F6F9BA3FC58AEB3EAB6EE56847B38" lsidName="V. quadrirugulosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis id="B68432D83DF2DC3119A33C5F6A68DDA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">V. quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will readily separate this species from
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. rugator" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="rugator">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">V. rugator</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="026C5030BEBA722E1F5E192BC3EFB4FE" lsidName="V. rugator" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="rugator">
<emphasis id="461AA2B948EA8D38AA95F2565296F86A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">V. rugator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which the metasoma is yellow or reddish yellow and the raised median area of the first tergite is areolate and rugose and lacks such a carina.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.925.48457.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398085" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<caption id="2B6FFECF85AAB4145759B2C12A42379F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.925.48457.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398085" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph id="A78D2D86BC82A78D4B5FD6BED434BB85" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="64569E804929902301FB01AAC96AE996" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 21.</emphasis>
Montaged light micrographs of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="508F845D0612D47DE8FD5354FB65C943" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis id="6F7827168E02275635EFB0A4C8F4FD2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="93C71BDE77428F0BFE7C0E02738937D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
Female habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1756C9110013AAE7327A995C6B35650B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
face
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4D74D5E64260279C379DF6C449204BE3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
head, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8F2C85D0D1E0962B18FBA4B9D729371B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
head and anterior mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="34980D029806DD5AA30D119B03207A65" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
wings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.925.48457.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398086" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<caption id="1BEB27BF311B439150A62C65F58BFE6C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.925.48457.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398086" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph id="55377258D409E87D129C5E6D3B93C632" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="3673D992DBE0743AAE4C5253747BA141" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 22.</emphasis>
Montaged light micrographs of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA2F8CF47562CFF7EA9CC6390057DFDB" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Vipio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vipio quadrirugulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrirugulosus">
<emphasis id="506BD87FC28E9450BFE12E2913E19450" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Vipio quadrirugulosus</emphasis>
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.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1C441145B89672F47F543A623B05A48C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
Mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="517ED9E035562C520DD7F95679441DCC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2B5988EC6F922DB8E20115BE322700AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
propodeum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="76BA7B5EA9EB63DAE997805C05B97959" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
metasomal tergite I, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="20F8272365F6F846FA52ED7E099A921B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
metasomal tergites II-VI.
</paragraph>
</caption>

View file

@ -1,132 +1,133 @@
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<bibRefCitation author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="463 - 560" title="The Polychaeta Fauna of Sout Africa, 6. Sedentary species dredged off Cape coast with a few new records from the shore." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1961.tb01623.x" volume="44" year="1961">Day 1961</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="15695D5BACBBBC31C8598929119567CD" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<bibRefCitation id="6BB334BD3046C7E117B22EB7F56E1A1E" author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="463 - 560" title="The Polychaeta Fauna of Sout Africa, 6. Sedentary species dredged off Cape coast with a few new records from the shore." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1961.tb01623.x" volume="44" year="1961">Day 1961</bibRefCitation>
:509, Fig. 9
<normalizedToken originalValue="af">a-f</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6C0EEF974ABF095DA3D9F5AEADC03A2F" originalValue="af">a-f</normalizedToken>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History) Publications 656: 38 +, 87" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" title="A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa." year="1967">Day 1967</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6A471B41FF8872D67B9335F12FF736D5" author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History) Publications 656: 38 +, 87" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" title="A Monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa." year="1967">Day 1967</bibRefCitation>
:666, Figs. 32.4
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<normalizedToken id="9CE20645A3F30A04D222D3FEEEC3D907" originalValue="ej">e-j</normalizedToken>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Technical Report of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Circular" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 153" title="New Polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina." volume="375" year="1973">Day 1973</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="985271A992A87BE7F03FDE38B9112532" author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Technical Report of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Circular" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 153" title="New Polychaeta from Beaufort, with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina." volume="375" year="1973">Day 1973</bibRefCitation>
:105-107;
<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Milligan 1984</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8E7D7AD46B7B7A160C65B4F67DA3B48C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Milligan 1984</bibRefCitation>
:47.9-11, Figs. 47.5-6;
<bibRefCitation author="Darbyshire, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoosymposia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="91 - 103" title="Two new species of Diplocirrus (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae) from the southern Irish Sea and South Africa." volume="2" year="2009">Darbyshire and Mackie 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="527488416B08CD70C62C5172DE557E55" author="Darbyshire, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoosymposia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="91 - 103" title="Two new species of Diplocirrus (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae) from the southern Irish Sea and South Africa." volume="2" year="2009">Darbyshire and Mackie 2009</bibRefCitation>
:96-98, Table 1 (redescr.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="772BEBA36ED509A738CF9C40ADD6DB48" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="type material">
<paragraph id="1919A78115657D0150B7245188D4AB57" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B63CBE9DEE8909FE2FB0E915CA84D7E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The specimens are housed in the South African Museum, Cape Town, but were not made available. Reexamined by
<bibRefCitation author="Darbyshire, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoosymposia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="91 - 103" title="Two new species of Diplocirrus (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae) from the southern Irish Sea and South Africa." volume="2" year="2009">Darbyshire and Mackie (2009)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4B00AC3F1F25FF0FF5626D1C31B86465" author="Darbyshire, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoosymposia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="91 - 103" title="Two new species of Diplocirrus (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae) from the southern Irish Sea and South Africa." volume="2" year="2009">Darbyshire and Mackie (2009)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="additional material">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="4CCB5B1675901E373BCB0B058E8844CE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="additional material">
<paragraph id="7B8F1922C09CB9971017F9B308852AE6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B04A443C13C39D9697D6CCED781935C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Madagascar. One specimen (SMF-15355), anterior fragment, damaged, Stat. 11 bis, 47 m, 3 Apr. 1970, R. Plante, coll. (6 mm long, 1 mm
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">wide</pageBreakToken>
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, cephalic cage chaetae 0.3 mm, 15 chaetigers; gonopores in chaetigers 5-12). Two fragments (SMF-15374), Nosy Iranja, Stat. 4, Benne, 17 Sep. 1966, R. Plante, coll. Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. 18 specimens (USNM-51039), damaged, 12 anterior previously dissected or with some parapodia previously removed, and 6 median fragments, off North Carolina, BST 51X (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.333332">34°20'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F8361F84F550A6C6863F954F26754C31" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.333332">34°20'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.916664">75°55'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="8E69C7204EF52BDAF45794C093D056CE" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.916664">75°55'W</geoCoordinate>
), 165 m, sandy mud, J.H. Day, coll. (larger anterior fragments 6.0-10.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, cephalic cage 0.8-1.0 mm long, 16-28 chaetigers; gonopores not seen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="D60365DC36EBEC5EA35B9E108D651017" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="41DFED559381B5A65A605ADF33C5F480" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="803485DDCEEFB8B6434C14940758D358" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(modified from
<bibRefCitation author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="463 - 560" title="The Polychaeta Fauna of Sout Africa, 6. Sedentary species dredged off Cape coast with a few new records from the shore." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1961.tb01623.x" volume="44" year="1961">Day 1961</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="446D022104373CA7A6E66D7894DB9825" author="Day, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="463 - 560" title="The Polychaeta Fauna of Sout Africa, 6. Sedentary species dredged off Cape coast with a few new records from the shore." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1961.tb01623.x" volume="44" year="1961">Day 1961</bibRefCitation>
, 1967 and combined with data from
<bibRefCitation author="Darbyshire, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoosymposia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="91 - 103" title="Two new species of Diplocirrus (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae) from the southern Irish Sea and South Africa." volume="2" year="2009">Darbyshire and Mackie 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7E7BA14BD31B33EF436089D1C389CDE7" author="Darbyshire, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoosymposia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="91 - 103" title="Two new species of Diplocirrus (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae) from the southern Irish Sea and South Africa." volume="2" year="2009">Darbyshire and Mackie 2009</bibRefCitation>
. Data from North Carolina specimens in parenthesis, if they differ): Body muddy brown (golden), anteriorly swollen with segmental lines indistinct, tapering posteriorly with better defined segments. Holotype an anterior fragment, 12 mm long, 2 mm wide, no cephalic cage, 18 chaetigers. Tunic papillated; each papillae short, 8-shaped to long, clavate, basally swollen (lateral papillae longer, cirriform).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cephalic hood not exposed. Prostomium with four small, black eyes. Palps thick, as long as branchiae. Caruncle projected dorsally, not reaching the posterior margin of branchial plate. Lips corrugated, fused. Nephridial lobes in branchial plate not seen. Branchiae very dark, of two types. Posterior row with four wedge-shaped filaments; anterior row branchiae cirriform, separated in two lateral pairs by the caruncle. Interbranchial lobes not seen. Lamellate region difficult to evaluate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chaetigers 1-2 with 2-3 fine notochaetae and 4-6 shorter multiarticulated neurochaetae. Anterior dorsal margin of first chaetiger papillated, as following segments; no other modification. Anterior chaetigers without longer papillae, chaetiger 1 shorter than following ones, chaetal lobes lateral, very close to each other. First 10 chaetigers without marked segmentation; posterior segments better defined. Gonopodial lobes not seen.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parapodia poorly developed; chaetae emerge from the body wall. Notopodia and neuropodia with papillae longer than other body ones. Noto- and neuropodia close to each other. Median neuropodia lateral, very close to notopodia.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Median notochaetae arranged in a longitudinal line, as long as body width, 10-12 (4-6) per bundle, each with short rings basally, long medially and distally. Neurochaetae multiarticulated hooks from chaetiger 1, arranged in a short J-pattern, 6-8 (3-4) per bundle, each with articles of about the same length, tip falcate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Posterior end unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E97BB2B0F93F6297F34D347B72342ADC" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cephalic hood not exposed. Prostomium with four small, black eyes. Palps thick, as long as branchiae. Caruncle projected dorsally, not reaching the posterior margin of branchial plate. Lips corrugated, fused. Nephridial lobes in branchial plate not seen. Branchiae very dark, of two types. Posterior row with four wedge-shaped filaments; anterior row branchiae cirriform, separated in two lateral pairs by the caruncle. Interbranchial lobes not seen. Lamellate region difficult to evaluate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC3CAE85B882B6C0410C8702D413C50B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chaetigers 1-2 with 2-3 fine notochaetae and 4-6 shorter multiarticulated neurochaetae. Anterior dorsal margin of first chaetiger papillated, as following segments; no other modification. Anterior chaetigers without longer papillae, chaetiger 1 shorter than following ones, chaetal lobes lateral, very close to each other. First 10 chaetigers without marked segmentation; posterior segments better defined. Gonopodial lobes not seen.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E0D030ABBF83107DEBA72264E24ACCAD" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Parapodia poorly developed; chaetae emerge from the body wall. Notopodia and neuropodia with papillae longer than other body ones. Noto- and neuropodia close to each other. Median neuropodia lateral, very close to notopodia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57FD82988965F605A22945537722E961" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Median notochaetae arranged in a longitudinal line, as long as body width, 10-12 (4-6) per bundle, each with short rings basally, long medially and distally. Neurochaetae multiarticulated hooks from chaetiger 1, arranged in a short J-pattern, 6-8 (3-4) per bundle, each with articles of about the same length, tip falcate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADADA14369BDF1327A614D1FE7F2973E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Posterior end unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus capensis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplocirrus capensis</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="A351EC38B9BA935BE8216E2032C520B3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="7534EAACDB805C7D39EDB0C414A71236" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5FC5D3B908B402B9E01980299DB344D4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="49D5C69A2142D72B036B574D17CFDC8C" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus capensis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplocirrus capensis</taxonomicName>
Day, 1961 is closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus kudenovi" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">Diplocirrus kudenovi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B8C7E00BEF50450B301A59D25517D77C" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus kudenovi" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">Diplocirrus kudenovi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus stopbowitzi" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stopbowitzi">Diplocirrus stopbowitzi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="73B699B6956AA82C1A56E555BB0A0AEB" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus stopbowitzi" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stopbowitzi">Diplocirrus stopbowitzi</taxonomicName>
Darbyshire &amp; Mackie, 2009 because their bodies do not incorporate sand particles, and by lacking ventrolateral gonopores. However, these two latter species are provided with hemispherical papillae whereas in
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus capensis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplocirrus capensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7A8F20B21BDFF7C9C139685A9F5AAB1D" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus capensis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplocirrus capensis</taxonomicName>
papillae are elongate, often basally swollen, but never hemispherical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="361D901D525502A9752D0BCDCB7DBB04" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The records of
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus capensis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplocirrus capensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="060D3CC27A8D399586C7FC143BEB00C0" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus capensis" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplocirrus capensis</taxonomicName>
by Day (1973:105-107), and Milligan (1984:47.9-11, Figs. 47.5-6) differ from the typical South African form because they have different body color, cephalic cage, larger lateral papillae, and by the relative numbers of chaetae. They might represent a different species but their description as new species must wait for better specimens. There is a similar, apparently undescribed species in the Mediterranean Sea, which has been recorded as
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus glaucus" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glaucus">Diplocirrus glaucus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="91DD7ED871614522A3195EB970155BEF" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus glaucus" order="Terebellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glaucus">Diplocirrus glaucus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Fauvel, P" journalOrPublisher="Direction des Recherches des Pecheries, Le Caire, Notes &amp; Memoires" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 60" title="Les fonds de peche pres d'Alexandrie, 11. Annelides polychetes." volume="19" year="1937">Fauvel (1937</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="81CFA6D54AEEE3D1227441A4E00B9ADE" author="Fauvel, P" journalOrPublisher="Direction des Recherches des Pecheries, Le Caire, Notes &amp; Memoires" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 60" title="Les fonds de peche pres d'Alexandrie, 11. Annelides polychetes." volume="19" year="1937">Fauvel (1937</bibRefCitation>
:34, non
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Malmgren</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="84BC0A5396FACD84CE9E10EB6CD82B7F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Malmgren</pageBreakToken>
, 1867). The materials are damaged (MNHN-406), many chaetae broken, anterior regions smashed or without exposed head, and were collected off Alexandria, Egypt. Better specimens would help clarifiy its affinities with
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus capensis" order="Terebellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplocirrus capensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C7EE560BC287993EE57E6036E096453E" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" genus="Diplocirrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diplocirrus capensis" order="Terebellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="capensis">Diplocirrus capensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The distribution for the nominal form is apparently restricted to the Cape province, South Africa, in 11 m; it is questionably recorded from North Carolina, 165 m depth.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="45DF91DE4BA1E2475D3D14B8D32E68A0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="90F683FFBC582991AED83CB988D051C6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF336020A1F73084AC2621B89F25BAAF" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The distribution for the nominal form is apparently restricted to the Cape province, South Africa, in 11 m; it is questionably recorded from North Carolina, 165 m depth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>