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<document id="57BBAAC521E07D8538C681938916B9FA" ID-CLB-Dataset="306629" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c9fdd32-a630-428f-b813-e65c43733425" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7222499" ID-ZooBank="390ED50A-A0D5-45B0-B9C4-BA4EE7F619B3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1666126103615" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam &amp; Clark, Shawn M." docDate="2022" docId="D777297787008033FDF533FE60B6507F" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-842_1-102.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 842" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Metrioidea Fairmaire 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="2B4E510F87238017FFB8352A62305111" masterDocTitle="New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1734531682768" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0617F9A70DDBE296247364FE0E94931F">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C24056E098BD20236F4C840D47B6D83">Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="48267C07FF0FA177F64DA47579F77589">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D7821F1BA33AE8EDB7D76552844774F8">Clark, Shawn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="536F2C3B29E9894C4866FCE0885005D9">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="D777297787008033FDF533FE60B6507F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7222621" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D777297787008033FDF533FE60B6507F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D777297787008033FDF533FE60B6507F" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" scope_class="Insecta" scope_family="Chrysomelidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Galerucinae" scope_subTribe="Luperina" scope_tribe="Luperini">
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FD1833F9611457FF" bold="true" box="[672,804,1747,1774]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metrioidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FC9333F961D757FF" author="Fairmaire M. L." box="[811,999,1747,1774]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="461 - 492" refId="ref37237" refString="Fairmaire M. L. 1882. Essai sur les coleopteres des iles Viti (Fidgi). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 1882: 461 - 492." type="journal article" year="1882">Fairmaire, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FF05323F60095621" ID-CoL="5R25" authority="Fairmaire, 1882: 489" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityPageNumber="489" authorityYear="1882" box="[189,569,1813,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FF05323F630F563E" box="[189,319,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metrioidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FEFD323F60095621" author="Fairmaire M. L." box="[325,569,1813,1840]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="461 - 492" refId="ref37237" refString="Fairmaire M. L. 1882. Essai sur les coleopteres des iles Viti (Fidgi). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 1882: 461 - 492." type="journal article" year="1882">Fairmaire, 1882: 489</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FD61323F66F15621" authority="Fairmaire, 1882" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[729,1217,1813,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatipennis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FD61323F61CD563E" box="[729,1021,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metrioidea signatipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FBBD323F66F15621" author="Fairmaire M. L." box="[1029,1217,1813,1840]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="461 - 492" refId="ref37237" refString="Fairmaire M. L. 1882. Essai sur les coleopteres des iles Viti (Fidgi). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 1882: 461 - 492." type="journal article" year="1882">Fairmaire, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FF053272631F5663" bold="true" box="[189,303,1880,1906]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FF0532AD635956B0" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[189,361,1927,1953]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref41867" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1973. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 433 - 664. Pars 78, Fasc. 3 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1973">Wilcox (1973)</bibRefCitation>
listed 14 New
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FDA732AD60F556B0" box="[543,709,1927,1953]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">World species</taxonomicName>
for this genus, distributed from the
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187008034FBCC32AD672356B0" box="[1140,1299,1927,1953]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">United States</collectingCountry>
through
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187008034FF06328162C856D4" box="[190,248,1963,1989]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Peru</collectingCountry>
. However, similar to the situation with
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FD783280610B56D5" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1858" box="[704,827,1962,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FD783280610B56D5" box="[704,827,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Luperodes</emphasis>
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, future taxonomic revision may eventually show that true
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FE9032E4639A56F9" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[296,426,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FE9032E4639A56F9" box="[296,426,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metrioidea</emphasis>
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does not occur in the New
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. The genus was originally named from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187008034FAA932E4670E56F9" box="[1297,1342,1998,2024]" name="Fiji" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fiji</collectingCountry>
. The New
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FF45342363945032" box="[253,420,265,291]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">World species</taxonomicName>
currently included in the genus are hardly distinguishable from those currently in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FF07340463045059" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[191,308,302,328]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lilophaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FF07340463045059" box="[191,308,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Lilophaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FEFB3404638E5059" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1858" box="[323,446,302,328]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FEFB3404638E5059" box="[323,446,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Luperodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FDB93404604F5059" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[513,639,302,328]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FDB93404604F5059" box="[513,639,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monolepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487078033FD79340461145059" box="[705,804,302,328]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration of one of the New
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FA9634046323507C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">World species</taxonomicName>
currently placed in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FE443479604E507C" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[508,638,339,365]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FE443479604E507C" box="[508,638,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Metrioidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="2A7141290AEA5EAA96871086F8B9260D">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="572789B85AF1EF51102DC1D64262D820">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FD283195613F55CB" bold="true" box="[656,783,1215,1242]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Luperodes</emphasis>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FC9F30286661540D" box="[807,1105,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Luperodes alboplagiatus</emphasis>
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, by subsequent designation of
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).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FF053042631F5493" bold="true" box="[189,303,1384,1410]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FF0530BD635D54A0" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[189,365,1431,1457]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref41867" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1973. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 433 - 664. Pars 78, Fasc. 3 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1973">Wilcox (1973)</bibRefCitation>
listed 53 extant New
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for this genus, occurring from
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through the northern half of South America. He also listed one fossil species from Colorado. However, future taxonomic revision of the
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may eventually show that true
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FC4730F4664A54E9" box="[1023,1146,1502,1528]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Luperodes</emphasis>
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does not occur in the New
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.
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FEEB332960BA570D" author="Wagner T. &amp; Bieneck S." box="[339,650,1538,1565]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="205 - 216" refId="ref41505" refString="Wagner T. &amp; Bieneck S. 2012. Galerucine type material described by Victor Motschulsky in 1858 and 1866 from the Zoological Museum Moscow (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Entomologische Zeitschrift (Stuttgart) 122 (5): 205 - 216." type="journal article" year="2012">Wagner &amp; Bieneck (2012)</bibRefCitation>
studied the
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species of
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FC6A3328667D570D" box="[978,1101,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Luperodes</emphasis>
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and made some notes on the genus. They seem to agree with the conclusion that the New
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are probably misplaced. The genus was originally named from
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. The New
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currently included in the genus are hardly distinguishable from those currently in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FCB3334761B25796" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[779,898,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lilophaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FCB3334761B25796" box="[779,898,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lilophaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FC29334766235796" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[913,1043,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FC29334766235796" box="[913,1043,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metrioidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FBEC334766E35796" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[1108,1235,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FBEC334766E35796" box="[1108,1235,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Monolepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487008034FAAC334767465799" box="[1300,1398,1645,1672]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration of one of the New
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currently included in
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FBD833BB66EB57BA" box="[1120,1243,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Luperodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FD1237E5611453FB" bold="true" box="[682,804,719,746]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lilophaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FC9437FA61EC53FB" author="Bechyne J." box="[812,988,719,746]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FF0536386304523D" box="[189,308,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lilophaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FEFE36386075523D" author="Bechyne J." box="[326,581,785,812]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958: 601</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FCB33638662E523D" box="[779,1054,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Luperodes brasiliensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FB88363866E6523D" author="Jacoby M." box="[1072,1238,786,812]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FF053652631F5283" bold="true" box="[189,303,888,914]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
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Only 19 species are currently placed in this genus (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FCA4368D662A52D0" author="Groll E. von &amp; Moura L. de" box="[796,1050,935,961]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="195 - 200" refId="ref38031" refString="Groll E. von &amp; Moura L. de. A. 2016. A new species of Lilophaea Bechyne (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) with a historical background and a checklist of the genus. Zootaxa 4168 (1): 195 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4168.1.12" type="journal article" year="2016">Groll &amp; Moura 2016</bibRefCitation>
). However, they hardly differ from many of those currently placed in other genera of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FCD636E0663952F5" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[878,1033,970,996]" pageId="35" pageNumber="38" rank="section" section="Monoleptites">Monoleptites</taxonomicName>
reported to occur in the New
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, especially from species in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FDE236C460E25519" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1858" box="[602,722,1006,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FDE236C460E25519" box="[602,722,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Luperodes</emphasis>
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,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FD5B36C466005519" authority="Fairmaire, 1882" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[739,1072,1006,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FD5B36C461555519" box="[739,869,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Metrioidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FCC836C466005519" author="Fairmaire M. L." box="[880,1072,1006,1032]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="461 - 492" refId="ref37237" refString="Fairmaire M. L. 1882. Essai sur les coleopteres des iles Viti (Fidgi). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 1882: 461 - 492." type="journal article" year="1882">Fairmaire, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FBCD36C462CD553D" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FBCD36C466C45519" box="[1141,1268,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Monolepta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FB4336C462CD553D" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The generic placements seem to be almost random, except that all species currently in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FAB831386747553D" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[1280,1399,1042,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lilophaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FAB831386747553D" box="[1280,1399,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lilophaea</emphasis>
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are from South America. Upon naming the genus,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087008034FCAF311C61E55540" author="Bechyne J." box="[791,981,1078,1105]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné (1958)</bibRefCitation>
probably intended that many other New
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should eventually be transferred to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287008034FCF1317061F05565" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[841,960,1114,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lilophaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387008034FCF1317061F05565" box="[841,960,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lilophaea</emphasis>
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, including some from north of South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487008034FEDB315763F55589" box="[355,453,1149,1176]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration.
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Genus
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Bechyné, 1956
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This genus contains nine described species, all from South America. Compared to other New
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genera of
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,
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is rather distinctive, the beetles being more elongate and dorsoventrally flattened than many of those in other genera (
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Genus
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species
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As currently constituted, this genus contains six described species. However, the New
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representatives of the section
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are in desperate need of taxonomic revision. The differences among the genera are very poorly defined. At present, the generic placements of many of the species are probably incorrect. The confusion is perpetuated in the following key. With regards to
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locality in
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), as well as some of its close relatives, are relatively distinctive. See
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for a habitus illustration. However, other species currently in the genus probably belong elsewhere.
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Genus
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Chevrolat
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in
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FC2E37F2660353E3" author="Dejean P. F. M. A." box="[918,1075,728,754]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="361 - 443" refId="ref36483" refString="Dejean P. F. M. A. 1836. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Deuxieme edition. Livraison 5: 361 - 443. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173109" type="journal article" year="1836">Dejean, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387018035FF053631636D5224" box="[189,349,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Phyllobrotica</emphasis>
Chevrolat
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FDB4363160DD5227" author="Dejean P. F. M. A." box="[524,749,795,822]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="361 - 443" refId="ref36483" refString="Dejean P. F. M. A. 1836. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Deuxieme edition. Livraison 5: 361 - 443. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173109" type="journal article" year="1836">Dejean, 1836: 381</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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Linnaeus, 1758
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, by subsequent designation of
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FD28366A6175524A" author="Thomson C. G." box="[656,837,832,859]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref41087" refString="Thomson C. G. 1859. Skandinaviens Coleoptera, synoptiskt bearbetade: 290. Tom. I. Berlingska Boktryckeriet, Lund. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 138677" type="book" year="1859">Thomson 1859</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387018035FF05364F6365526E" box="[189,341,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Stachysivora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FEE4364F609B526E" author="Farrell B. D. &amp; Mitter C." box="[348,683,869,895]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1389 - 1403" refId="ref37302" refString="Farrell B. D. &amp; Mitter C. 1990. Phylogenesis of insect / plant interactions: Have Phyllobrotica leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) and the Lamiales diversified in parallel? Evolution 44 (6): 1389 - 1403. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1990. tb 03834. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Farrell &amp; Mitter, 1990: 1391</bibRefCitation>
(nomen nudum).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387018035FF053682631F52D3" bold="true" box="[189,303,936,962]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks</emphasis>
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This Holarctic genus includes 18 described species in the New
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, all from
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and the
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. See
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,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487018035FE4B36D760125506" box="[499,546,1021,1047]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">199</figureCitation>
, and 225 for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FA9A36D7633C552C" author="Wilcox J. A." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox (1965)</bibRefCitation>
for a key that includes most of the Nearctic species. However, realize that three species have been named subsequent to that key (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FD9F316D60855570" author="Hatch M. H." box="[551,693,1095,1121]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 662" refId="ref38150" refString="Hatch M. H. 1971. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part V: Rhipiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora, and Lamellicornia. University of Washington Publications in Biology 16: 1 - 662." type="journal article" year="1971">Hatch 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FD79316D61765570" author="Riley E. G." box="[705,838,1095,1121]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="331 - 335" refId="ref40411" refString="Riley E. G. 1979. A new species of Phyllobrotica Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the prairies of southwestern Missouri. The Coleopterists Bulletin 33 (3): 331 - 335." type="journal article" year="1979">Riley 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FCEB316D61DC5570" author="Gilbert A. J." box="[851,1004,1095,1121]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="8 - 12" refId="ref37627" refString="Gilbert A. J. 2008. A new species of Phyllobrotica Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from California, USA, with notes on the western United States species. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 84 (4): 269 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2008 - 04.1 Gilbert A. J. &amp; Andrews F. G. 1999. Studies on the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of the Baja California peninsula: a new species of Scelolyperus (Galerucinae), with notes on the genus in Baja California. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 75 (1): 8 - 12." type="journal article" year="2008">Gilbert 2008</bibRefCitation>
), and an undescribed species was recognized in an unpublished thesis (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FDD7314661355597" author="Farrell B. D." box="[623,773,1131,1158]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref37268" refString="Farrell B. D. 1985. A Biosystematic and Evolutionary Study of Phyllobrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): 94. MS Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland." type="book" year="1985">Farrell 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387018035FD7A342361145032" bold="true" box="[706,804,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Triarius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FC93342361F45032" author="Jacoby M." box="[811,964,265,291]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387018035FD26346761B05077" box="[670,896,333,358]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Triarius mexicanus</emphasis>
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387018035FF0534A5631F50B8" bold="true" box="[189,303,399,425]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus includes seven described species. They occur in the southern
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187018035FBA63495668C50C8" box="[1054,1212,447,473]" name="United States of America" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">United States</collectingCountry>
and in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187018035FAAD3495674250C8" box="[1301,1394,447,473]" name="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. Depending on the species, the tarsal claws are either bifid or appendiculate. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487018035FBC534CE66D450EF" box="[1149,1252,484,510]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 124</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487018035FAA734CE677B50EF" box="[1311,1355,484,510]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">198</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087018035FC9D372366615332" author="Clark S. M. &amp; Anderson E. R." box="[805,1105,521,547]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="343 - 357" refId="ref36258" refString="Clark S. M. &amp; Anderson E. R. 2019. A review of Triarius Jacoby, 1887 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Luperini), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 343 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 73.2.343" type="journal article" year="2019">Clark &amp; Anderson (2019)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species.
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105
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387028036FDC933EE60DD57CE" bold="true" box="[625,749,1732,1759]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Triariodes</emphasis>
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287028036FCFE322366D95632" authority="Horn, 1893" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1893" box="[838,1257,1801,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Malacosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittipenne">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387028036FCFE3223666A5632" box="[838,1114,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Malacosoma vittipenne</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087028036FBD9322066D95632" author="Horn G. H." box="[1121,1257,1801,1828]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="57 - 136" refId="ref38344" refString="Horn G. H. 1893. The Galerucini of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 20: 57 - 136." type="journal article" year="1893">Horn, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387028036FF05325F631F569E" bold="true" box="[189,303,1909,1935]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus includes three described species. They occur in the southern
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and
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187028036FB5C328D677156D0" box="[1252,1345,1959,1985]" name="Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487028036FF0532E4632F56F9" box="[189,287,1998,2024]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087028036FD3832E4619C56F9" author="Clark S. M. &amp; Anderson E. R." box="[640,940,1998,2024]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="343 - 357" refId="ref36258" refString="Clark S. M. &amp; Anderson E. R. 2019. A review of Triarius Jacoby, 1887 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Luperini), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 343 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 73.2.343" type="journal article" year="2019">Clark &amp; Anderson (2019)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to species.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387028036FD1D373161525327" bold="true" box="[677,866,539,566]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Synetocephalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087028036FCD2373161D15324" author="Fall H. C." box="[874,993,539,565]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="89 - 197" refId="ref37209" refString="Fall H. C. 1910. Miscellaneous notes and descriptions of North American Coleoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 36: 89 - 197." type="journal article" year="1910">Fall, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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species
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, by monotypy).
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This genus contains eleven described species. They occur in the western
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and northwestern
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. See
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for a habitus illustration. See
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for a key that includes most of the described species. Only two species are missing from that key:
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387028036FC7C360C6678522E" box="[964,1096,805,832]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">S. wallacei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087028036FBE3360F66CF5251" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[1115,1279,805,832]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
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that was transferred from
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287028036FE3F366660055277" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[391,565,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387028036FE3F366660055277" box="[391,565,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
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by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087028036FDDA3666610C5277" author="Riley E. G. &amp; Clark S. M. &amp; Gilbert A. J." box="[610,828,844,871]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref40587" refString="Riley E. G., Clark S. M. &amp; Gilbert A. J. 2002 b. New records, nomenclatural changes, and taxonomic notes for select North American leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Insecta Mundi 15: 1 - 17. [Dated 2001, but actually published in 2002.]" type="journal article" year="2002">
Riley
<emphasis id="6DAA447387028036FD13366760EF5277" box="[683,735,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
. 2002b
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), and a new species was described by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087028036FABC36666369529C" author="Gilbert A. J. &amp; Clark S. M." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="289 - 295" refId="ref37741" refString="Gilbert A. J. &amp; Clark S. M. 2012. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert &amp; Clark (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Luperini), a new species from California, U. S. A. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 83 (4): 289 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 0031 - 0603 - 88.2.122" type="journal article" year="2012">Gilbert &amp; Clark (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD1E3208610F562C" bold="true" box="[678,831,1826,1853]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelolyperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FCFF320961D0562C" author="Crotch G. R." box="[839,992,1827,1853]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="73 - 80" refId="ref36359" refString="Crotch G. R. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera from the Pacific coast of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 5: 73 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076288" type="journal article" year="1874">Crotch, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF05324E6363566F" box="[189,339,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelolyperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FEE2324E6010566F" author="Crotch G. R." box="[346,544,1892,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="73 - 80" refId="ref36359" refString="Crotch G. R. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera from the Pacific coast of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 5: 73 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076288" type="journal article" year="1874">Crotch, 1874: 79</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD7F324E6641566F" authority="Crotch, 1874" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[711,1137,1892,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelolyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tejonicus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD7F324E61FE566F" box="[711,974,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelolyperus tejonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FC6E324E6641566F" author="Crotch G. R." box="[982,1137,1892,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="73 - 80" refId="ref36359" refString="Crotch G. R. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera from the Pacific coast of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 5: 73 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076288" type="journal article" year="1874">Crotch, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087038037FF0532AD602F56B0" author="Brancsik C." box="[189,543,1927,1953]" page="103" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FF0532AD602F56B0" authority="Brancsik, 1899: 103" authorityName="Brancsik" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1899" box="[189,543,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eugalera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF0532AD631A56B0" box="[189,298,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Eugalera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FE8932AD602F56B0" author="Brancsik C." box="[305,543,1927,1953]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="97 - 105" refId="ref35530" refString="Brancsik C. 1899. Aliquot Coleoptera nova Russiae asiaticae. Jahresheft des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins der Trencsiner Komitats 21 - 22: 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1899">Brancsik, 1899: 103</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD7E32AD667656B0" authority="Brancsik, 1899" authorityName="Brancsik" authorityYear="1899" box="[710,1094,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Eugalera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reitteri">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD7E32AD61BA56B0" box="[710,906,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Eugalera reitteri</emphasis>
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, by monotypy).
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FF05328663E856D4" authority="Chen &amp; Jiang" authorityName="Chen &amp; Jiang" box="[189,472,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Tuomuria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF053286631F56D4" box="[189,303,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tuomuria</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Jiang
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FE453281613B56D4" author="Huang D. S. &amp; Han Y. &amp; Zhang X." box="[509,779,1963,1990]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="53 - 165" refId="ref38422" refString="Huang D. S., Han Y. &amp; Zhang X. 1985. The insect fauna of the Mt. Tuomuer areas in Tianshan. In: The Mountain Climbing Scientific Expedition Team of Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.) Dengshan Kexue Kaochadui (= Biota of Tuomuer Region, Tianshan): 53 - 165. Xinjiang People's Press, Beijing." type="book chapter" year="1985">
Huang
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FDEB328660BE56D4" box="[595,654,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
1985: 107
</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FC0A3286674156D7" authority="Chen &amp; Jiang, 1985" authorityName="Chen &amp; Jiang" authorityYear="1985" box="[946,1393,1963,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Tuomuria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FC0A3286664D56D4" box="[946,1149,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tuomuria tibialis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Jiang, 1985
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,
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<paragraph id="5F61986187038037FF5232E4603A56F9" blockId="32.[189,1399,1892,2024]" box="[234,522,1998,2024]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">by original designation).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="5F61986187028036FF053423631F5032" blockId="33.[189,303,265,291]" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387028036FF053423631F5032" bold="true" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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This genus occurs from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187028036FE60341160005044" box="[472,560,315,341]" name="Canada" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Canada</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187028036FDED341160825044" box="[597,690,315,341]" name="Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, as well as in the Palearctic Region. In the New
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, there are 28 described species. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487028036FDAC344B604C506D" box="[532,636,353,380]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 130</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487028036FD3F34486086506D" box="[647,694,354,380]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">149</figureCitation>
, and 175 for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087028036FF4834A263B850B3" author="Clark S. M." box="[240,392,392,418]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="261 - 280" refId="ref36158" refString="Clark S. M. 1996. The genus Scelolyperus Crotch in North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 10: 261 - 280." type="journal article" year="1996">Clark (1996)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to most of the North American species. Only one New
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287028036FB2734A2677550B3" box="[1183,1349,392,418]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">World species</taxonomicName>
has been described subsequent to that publication (Gilbert &amp; Andrews 1999). The Palearctic species were revised by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087028036FE8634FC63DF50E0" author="Bezdek J." box="[318,495,470,497]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="21 - 39" refId="ref34833" refString="Bezdek J. 2015. A review of Palaearctic Scelolyperus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), with description of S. perreus sp. nov. from Turkey. Annales Zoologici 65: 21 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2015.65.1.003" type="journal article" year="2015">Bezděk (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD0636B0612652A4" bold="true" box="[702,790,922,949]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FCA636B061F852A4" author="Chapuis F." box="[798,968,922,949]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. &amp; Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF0536F6632352E7" box="[189,275,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelida</emphasis>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD1F36F6662152E6" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[679,1041,988,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD1F36F6616E52E7" box="[679,862,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelida elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FCDD36F6662152E6" author="Chapuis F." box="[869,1041,988,1015]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. &amp; Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF053137631F5526" bold="true" box="[189,303,1053,1079]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains eleven described species. Numerous undescribed species also belong here (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FA8B3161633D5599" author="Clark S. M." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref36082" refString="Clark S. M. 1987 b. A Revision of the Section Scelidites in the Western Hemisphere (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): 397. Ph. D. thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio." type="book" year="1987">Clark 1987b</bibRefCitation>
). They occur from the southwestern
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187038037FD063144616B5599" box="[702,859,1134,1160]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">United States</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187038037FC3A314561D35598" box="[898,995,1135,1161]" name="Panama" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Panama</collectingCountry>
. Most of them have appendiculate tarsal claws, but one species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD9E31B8616D55BD" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[550,861,1169,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudodiabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD9E31B8608455BA" box="[550,692,1169,1196]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. metallica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FD0631BB616D55BD" author="Jacoby M." box="[702,861,1169,1196]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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, has bifid claws. In some species, the males have curious appendages on the ventral side of the abdomen, but these are lacking in other species. See
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for a key to the species. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487038037FCA931FD614755E3" box="[785,887,1239,1266]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 127</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. As noted in the preceding discussion of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FE6131D060635405" authorityName=", Beenen" authorityYear="2013" box="[473,595,1274,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metacycla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FE6131D060635405" box="[473,595,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Metacycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD5131D161F45405" authorityName="Allard" authorityYear="1889" box="[745,964,1275,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cneorane" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD5131D161F45405" box="[745,964,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cneorane nigripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not belong in
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FB1331D067315405" box="[1195,1281,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although it has been classified in this genus. Additionally, in recent classifications,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FBA23037634D544A" authority="Bowditch, 1925" authorityName="Bowditch" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelolyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimarginatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FBA2303767465426" box="[1050,1398,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelolyperus tenuimarginatus</emphasis>
Bowditch, 1925
</taxonomicName>
, has been included in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD33306A60D0544B" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[651,736,1344,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD33306A60D0544B" box="[651,736,1344,1370]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, examination of the male
<typeStatus id="806526C387038037FB2E306A66CD544B" box="[1174,1277,1344,1370]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) reveals that this species properly belongs in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FABF304E630E54B0" authority="Baly, 1865" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mimastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FABF304E6749546C" box="[1287,1401,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mimastra</emphasis>
Baly, 1865
</taxonomicName>
as a comb. nov. Furthermore, we believe the specimen matches
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FBF630AD636954D2" authority="Jacoby, 1886" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mimastra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semimarginata">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FBF630AD674954B1" box="[1102,1401,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mimastra semimarginata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087038037FF053083636954D2" author="Jacoby M." box="[189,345,1449,1475]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref38704" refString="Jacoby M. 1886. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 409 - 496. London." type="book" year="1886">Jacoby, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a species occurring in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187038037FDD5308360D354D2" box="[621,739,1449,1475]" name="Indonesia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="806526C387038037FD573080617F54D5" box="[751,847,1450,1476]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
photographs from the Genoa Museum support this (photographs shared by one of the reviewers). Thus, we synonymize these two names, syn. nov. The locality label “
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” for
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FE5630DA60FA5718" authorityName="Bowditch" authorityYear="1925" box="[494,714,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelolyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimarginatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FE5630DA60FA5718" box="[494,714,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. tenuimarginatus</emphasis>
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is probably in error.
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Genus
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FF053399631F57DC" bold="true" box="[189,303,1715,1741]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains a single described species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD5233C8615657ED" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1998" box="[746,870,1762,1788]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelidacne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewi">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD5233C8615657ED" box="[746,870,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. andrewi</emphasis>
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FD22370F6624532F" authority="Jacoby, 1903" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1903" box="[666,1044,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Damais" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humeralis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FD22370F6141532F" box="[666,881,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Damais humeralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087078033FCC1370E6624532F" author="Jacoby M." box="[889,1044,548,574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="80 - 128" refId="ref38857" refString="Jacoby M. 1903. Descriptions of the new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Mr H. - L. Andrewes and Mr T. - R. Bell at the Nilgiri Hills and Kanara. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 47: 80 - 128." type="journal article" year="1903">Jacoby, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087078033FF053763606D5372" author="Laboissiere V." box="[189,605,585,611]" page="413" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1931">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FF053763606D5372" authority="Laboissiere, 1931: 413" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityPageNumber="413" authorityYear="1931" box="[189,605,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chimporia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FF053763630C5372" box="[189,316,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chimporia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087078033FEF03763606D5372" author="Laboissiere V." box="[328,605,585,611]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="405 - 418" refId="ref39120" refString="Laboissiere V. 1931. Galerucini (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) d'Angola. Revue suisse de Zoologie 38: 405 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 117646" type="journal article" year="1931">Laboissière, 1931: 413</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FCA9376366D15372" authority="Laboissiere, 1931" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1931" box="[785,1249,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chimporia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monardi">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FCA9376361CE5372" box="[785,1022,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chimporia monardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087078033FBB2376366D15372" author="Laboissiere V." box="[1034,1249,585,611]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="405 - 418" refId="ref39120" refString="Laboissiere V. 1931. Galerucini (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) d'Angola. Revue suisse de Zoologie 38: 405 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 117646" type="journal article" year="1931">Laboissière, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FF0537B9607253BC" authority="Scherer, 1969: 89" authorityName="Scherer" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1969" box="[189,578,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Aemulaphthona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FF0537B9634753BC" box="[189,375,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Aemulaphthona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087078033FEC337B9607253BC" author="Scherer G." box="[379,578,659,685]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 251" refId="ref40842" refString="Scherer G. 1969. Die Alticinae des indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects Monograph 22: 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="1969">Scherer, 1969: 89</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FD6437B9666553BC" authority="Weise, 1922" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1922" box="[732,1109,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Aphthona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FD6437B9618F53BC" box="[732,959,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Aphthona ochracea</emphasis>
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, by original designation).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87078033FF0537FC600F5412" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
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<heading id="04292F0D87078033FF0537FC631F53E1" bold="true" box="[189,303,726,752]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FF0537FC631F53E1" bold="true" box="[189,303,726,752]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F61986187078033FF05362C600F5412" blockId="36.[187,1400,774,1283]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087078033FF05362C63565230" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[189,358,774,801]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref41867" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1973. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 433 - 664. Pars 78, Fasc. 3 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1973">Wilcox (1973)</bibRefCitation>
listed 19 New
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for this genus, distributed from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187078033FB98362C664A5231" box="[1056,1146,774,800]" name="Mexico" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187078033FB23362D66CC5230" box="[1179,1276,775,801]" name="Panama" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Panama</collectingCountry>
. However, similar to the situation with
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FE44360660475257" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1858" box="[508,631,812,838]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FE44360660475257" box="[508,631,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Luperodes</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FD143606611E5257" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[684,814,812,838]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FD143606611E5257" box="[684,814,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Metrioidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, future taxonomic study may eventually show that true
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FF49367B6340527A" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[241,368,849,875]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FF49367B6340527A" box="[241,368,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monolepta</emphasis>
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does not occur in the New
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. The genus was originally named from Africa.
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087078033FAA4367B633A5281" author="Wagner T." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 100" refId="ref41440" refString="Wagner T. 2007. Monolepta Chevrolat, 1837, the most speciose galerucine taxon: redescription of the type species Monolepta bioculata (Fabricius, 1781) and key to related genera from (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History 41 (1 - 4): 81 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930601127384" type="journal article" year="2007">Wagner (2007)</bibRefCitation>
re-described the
<typeStatus id="806526C387078033FE6D365C60385281" box="[469,520,886,912]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FD33365C613A5281" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[651,778,886,912]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FD33365C613A5281" box="[651,778,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monolepta</emphasis>
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and made some notes on the Afrotropical fauna. The New
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FF4536B1639352A4" box="[253,419,923,949]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">World species</taxonomicName>
currently included in the genus are hardly distinguishable from those currently in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FF0736EA630452CB" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[191,308,960,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Lilophaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FF0736EA630452CB" box="[191,308,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Lilophaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FEFC36EA638F52CB" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1858" box="[324,447,960,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FEFC36EA638F52CB" box="[324,447,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Luperodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FDBA36EA60B352CB" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1882" box="[514,643,960,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Metrioidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FDBA36EA60B352CB" box="[514,643,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Metrioidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FCAE36EA61A552CB" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[790,917,960,986]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FCAE36EA61A552CB" box="[790,917,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monolepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sometimes reported to differ from the others by having closed anterior coxal cavities, and this character is employed in the key below. Even so, the character is not very useful for the New
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FD0D312060CE5535" authorityName="Galerucinae Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[693,766,1034,1060]" genus="World" pageId="36" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">World</taxonomicName>
fauna. Many of the current generic placements are not correlated with this character. Moreover, some species appear to have open cavities in some individuals and closed cavities in others. This variability may be true in some instances. However, in other instances the apparent difference may be a result of the flimsy nature of the very thin strip of sclerotized cuticle behind the coxae. Possibly, the strip is sometimes present, but withdrawn into the thorax, such that the coxal cavities appear to be open. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487078033FDCB31E960E455CC" box="[627,724,1219,1245]" captionStart="Figs 136–143" captionStartId="86.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[215,1369,267,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-67@86.[212,1375,264,1857]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Figs 136–143. Dorsal views. 136. Triariodes vittipennis (Horn, 1893). 137. Pteleon brevicornis (Jacoby, 1887). 138. Eusattodera pini Schaeffer, 1906. 139. Metrioidea ocularis (Blake, 1942). 140. Halinella malachioides Bechyné, 1956. 141. Luperodes nigricornis Jacoby, 1888. 142. Monolepta violacea Jacoby, 1888. 143. Lilophaea brasiliensis (Jacoby, 1888)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222551/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 142</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration of one of the New
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currently included in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287078033FE0131C260085413" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[441,568,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monolepta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387078033FE0131C260085413" box="[441,568,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Monolepta</emphasis>
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.
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144
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Subgenus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FD16332C61565730" bold="true" box="[686,870,1542,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neogalerucella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FCD6332C61CF5731" author="Chujo M." box="[878,1023,1542,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref35955" refString="Chujo M. 1962. A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Formosa, Pt. XI. Subfamily Galerucinae. Philippine Journal of Science 91 (1 - 2): 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1962">Chûjô, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087248010FF05336160635774" author="Chujo M." box="[189,595,1611,1637]" page="38" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1962">
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FF05336163425774" box="[189,370,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neogalerucella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FE3B336160635774" author="Chujo M." box="[387,595,1611,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref35955" refString="Chujo M. 1962. A taxonomic study on the Chrysomelidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Formosa, Pt. XI. Subfamily Galerucinae. Philippine Journal of Science 91 (1 - 2): 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1962">Chûjô, 1962: 38</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FCAF336166E75774" authority="Linnaeus, 1761" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1761" box="[791,1239,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FCAF336166365774" box="[791,1030,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chrysomela tenella</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1761
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87248010FF05339C632156F9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<heading id="04292F0D87248010FF05339C631F57C1" bold="true" box="[189,303,1718,1744]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FF05339C631F57C1" bold="true" box="[189,303,1718,1744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
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See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FF5533C263D95613" author="Manguin S. &amp; White R. &amp; Blossey B. &amp; Hight S. D." box="[237,489,1768,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="397 - 410" refId="ref39509" refString="Manguin S., White R., Blossey B. &amp; Hight S. D. 1993. Genetics, taxonomy, and ecology of certain species of Galerucella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 86 (4): 397 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 86.4.397" type="journal article" year="1993">
Manguin
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FEE233C363A55613" box="[346,405,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species occurring in the New
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. The subgenus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FB5033C267445613" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1873" box="[1256,1396,1768,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FB5033C267445613" box="[1256,1396,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Galerucella</emphasis>
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is represented in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FE34322463D45639" box="[396,484,1806,1832]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FDE8322460C05639" box="[592,752,1806,1832]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">United States</collectingCountry>
by a single species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FC56322567425638" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1006,1394,1806,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nymphaeae">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FC56322566AB5639" box="[1006,1179,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. nymphaeae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
, which also occurs in the Palearctic Region. The subgenus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FC3F321F660C565E" authorityName="Chujo" authorityYear="1962" box="[903,1084,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neogalerucella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FC3F321F660C565E" box="[903,1084,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neogalerucella</emphasis>
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includes two species that are native to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FEE3327163835664" box="[347,435,1883,1909]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the northern
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FD323271611E5664" box="[650,814,1883,1909]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">United States</collectingCountry>
. It also includes two Palearctic species that have intentionally been introduced to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FD8F32AB60BF568A" box="[567,655,1921,1947]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FD5732AB61BB568D" box="[751,907,1921,1948]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">United States</collectingCountry>
for biological control of the invasive plant
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FF04328263A156D3" box="[188,401,1960,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicaria">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FF04328263A156D3" box="[188,401,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lythrum salicaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FE703282606056D3" box="[456,592,1960,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lythraceae</taxonomicName>
). See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487248010FD23328260C556D2" box="[667,757,1960,1987]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 25</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487248010FC8C3282615056D2" box="[820,864,1960,1987]" captionStart="Figs 153–157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153–157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">153</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details.
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Genus
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FD0F365266005282" authority="Brulle, 1832" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1832" box="[695,1072,888,915]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galeruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FD0F365261A45283" box="[695,916,888,914]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Galeruca elongata</emphasis>
Brullé, 1832
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87248010FF05369767535547" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5F61986187248010FF053697631F52C6" blockId="7.[189,303,957,983]" box="[189,303,957,983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FF053697631F52C6" bold="true" box="[189,303,957,983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F61986187248010FF0536C567535547" blockId="7.[189,1398,1007,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Four Palearctic species from North America (
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FD6936C561405518" box="[721,880,1007,1033]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">United States</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FC1136C566375518" box="[937,1031,1007,1033]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mexico</collectingCountry>
), where they have intentionally been released for the biological control of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FD78313C6111553E" box="[704,801,1046,1071]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FD78313C6111553E" box="[704,801,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tamarix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FCEB313F61CC553E" box="[851,1020,1045,1071]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Tamaricaceae</taxonomicName>
). See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487248010FBFC313F6690553E" box="[1092,1184,1045,1071]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487248010FB16313F66EC553E" box="[1198,1244,1045,1071]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">147</figureCitation>
, and 220 for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FC9E311666765547" author="Tracy J. L. &amp; Robbins T. O." box="[806,1094,1084,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref41125" refString="Tracy J. L. &amp; Robbins T. O. 2009. Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix - feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brulle, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of tamarisk. Zootaxa 2101 (1): 1 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2101.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Tracy &amp; Robbins (2009)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

124
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<mods:affiliation id="AFA4B5EE5D2F3CAB1663E5ED9C7FABAC">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="04292F0D87248010FDE0342361EB5035" box="[600,987,264,292]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FD13342261EB5035" ID-CoL="82FV" authority="LeConte, 1865" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1865" box="[683,987,264,292]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trirhabda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FD13342261165032" bold="true" box="[683,806,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trirhabda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FC95342361EB5035" author="LeConte J. L." box="[813,987,265,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087248010FF05346460075079" author="LeConte J. L." box="[189,567,333,360]" page="219" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FF05346460075079" ID-CoL="82FV" authority="LeConte, 1865: 219" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="219" authorityYear="1865" box="[189,567,333,360]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trirhabda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FF05346463035079" box="[189,307,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trirhabda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FEF9346460075079" author="LeConte J. L." box="[321,567,333,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865: 219</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FD49346466875079" authority="LeConte, 1865" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1865" box="[753,1207,333,360]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trirhabda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidicollis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FD49346461C35079" box="[753,1011,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trirhabda nitidicollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FBB8346466875079" author="LeConte J. L." box="[1024,1207,333,360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="204 - 222" refId="ref39371" refString="LeConte J. L. 1865. On the species of Galeruca and allied genera inhabiting North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 18: 204 - 222." type="journal article" year="1865">LeConte, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation of Barber in
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FDB6345E60A9509F" author="Blake D. H." box="[526,665,372,398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref34937" refString="Blake D. H. 1931. Revision of the species of the beetles of the genus Trirhabda north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 79 (2): 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.79 - 2868.1" type="journal article" year="1931">Blake 1931</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87248010FF05349361E2521B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387248010FF053493631F50C2" bold="true" box="[189,303,441,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F61986187248010FF0534C061EE538F" blockId="7.[189,1399,490,671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
This genus contains 29 described species, occurring from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FCC334C061E35315" box="[891,979,490,516]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Canada</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187248010FC4634C066B15315" box="[1022,1153,490,516]" name="Guatemala" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
. Although the elytra are pubescent, the setae are easily overlooked in some species. The following key allows for correct identification of the genus, even if the elytra are interpreted as being asetose. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487248010FB3E371D66E95343" box="[1158,1241,567,594]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration.
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FEF7377463C05369" author="Blake D. H." box="[335,496,606,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref34937" refString="Blake D. H. 1931. Revision of the species of the beetles of the genus Trirhabda north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 79 (2): 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.79 - 2868.1" type="journal article" year="1931">Blake (1931)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FE47377460815369" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[511,689,605,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FD4F377461AF5369" author="Hogue S. M." box="[759,927,606,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref38267" refString="Hogue S. M. 1970. Biosystematics of the Genus Trirhabda LeConte of America North of Mexico (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera): 212. PhD Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States." type="book" year="1970">Hogue (1970)</bibRefCitation>
each provided useful keys for species identification, although a few species were missing in each instance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F61986187248010FDE737E361E2521B" blockId="7.[607,981,713,778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FD1D37E361E553F2" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[677,981,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galerucini Latreille, 1802</taxonomicName>
Section
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287248010FD7937C561E2521B" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[705,978,751,778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="section" section="Atysites">
Atysites
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087248010FC9037C561E2521B" author="Chapuis F." box="[808,978,751,778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. &amp; Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FD7D34EE611F50CF" bold="true" box="[709,815,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nestinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FC8E34EE61F150CE" author="Clark H." box="[822,961,452,479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287258011FF05372263C35330" authority="Clark, 1865: 324" authorityName="Clark" authorityPageNumber="324" authorityYear="1865" box="[189,499,519,546]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nestinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FF05372263125330" box="[189,290,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nestinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FE93372D63C35330" author="Clark H." box="[299,499,519,546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865: 324</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287258011FD27372266015333" authority="Clark, 1865" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[671,1073,519,546]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Nestinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FD27372261AB5330" box="[671,923,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nestinus bimaculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FC1B372D66015333" author="Clark H." box="[931,1073,519,546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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, by subsequent designation of Barber in
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FEC73701603A5354" author="Blake D. H." box="[383,522,555,581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref34937" refString="Blake D. H. 1931. Revision of the species of the beetles of the genus Trirhabda north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 79 (2): 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.79 - 2868.1" type="journal article" year="1931">Blake 1931</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287258011FF05377B63CC537B" authority="Jacoby, 1879: 787" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityPageNumber="787" authorityYear="1879" box="[189,508,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FF05377B6310537B" box="[189,288,593,618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Monotia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FE90377A63CC537B" author="Jacoby M." box="[296,508,592,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="773 - 793" refId="ref38659" refString="Jacoby M. 1879. Descriptions of new species of phytophagous Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879: 773 - 793. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1879. tb 02716. x" type="journal article" year="1879">Jacoby, 1879: 787</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287258011FD1B377B61CB537B" authority="Jacoby, 1879" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1879" box="[675,1019,592,618]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FD1B377B6169537B" box="[675,857,592,618]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Monotia viridis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FCD8377A61CB537B" author="Jacoby M." box="[864,1019,592,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="773 - 793" refId="ref38659" refString="Jacoby M. 1879. Descriptions of new species of phytophagous Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879: 773 - 793. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1879. tb 02716. x" type="journal article" year="1879">Jacoby, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
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<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87258011FF0537B960DD5234" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
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<heading id="04292F0D87258011FF0537B9631F53BC" bold="true" box="[189,303,659,685]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FF0537B9631F53BC" bold="true" box="[189,303,659,685]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus includes seven described species, occurring in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187258011FC3537E861D753CD" box="[909,999,706,732]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187258011FB9037E8669B53CD" box="[1064,1195,706,732]" name="Guatemala" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487258011FB4937E8677853CC" box="[1265,1352,706,733]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. The genus also includes
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FD4C37C261485210" box="[756,888,744,769]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. incertus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FC3B37CD66235213" author="Clark H." box="[899,1043,743,770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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, from
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, but the generic placement of this species is extremely doubtful.
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Genus
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FD29321261A05640" box="[657,912,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Monocesta spectanda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FC2F321D66145643" author="Clark H." box="[919,1060,1847,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
</paragraph>
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This genus includes just two described species, one in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187258011FCF93280614756D5" box="[833,887,1962,1988]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Peru</collectingCountry>
and the other in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187258011FB86328066C156D5" box="[1086,1265,1962,1988]" name="French Guiana" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487258011FA953280674756D5" box="[1325,1399,1962,1988]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="71.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[225,1366,268,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-72@71.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 1–9. Dorsal views. 1. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824). 2. Platycesta depressa (Clark, 1865). 3. Austrochorina consularis (Clark, 1865). 4. Coraia subcyanescens (Schaeffer, 1906). 5. Coraia maculicollis Clark, 1865. 6. Caraguata pallida (Jacoby, 1886). 7. Coelomera godmani Jacoby, 1879. 8. Chorina cincta (Clark, 1865). 9. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222503/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 9</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487258011FF5732E4632E56F9" box="[239,286,1998,2024]" captionStart="Figs 144–152. 144" captionStartId="87.[189,241,1823,1849]" captionTargetBox="[251,1343,265,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-95@87.[243,1345,265,1774]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Figs 144–152. 144. Syphaxia maculata Jacoby, 1899, simple claws. 145. Pyesexora sp., appendiculate claws. 146. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), bifid claws. 147. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers des Loges, 1870), bifid claws. 148. Pyesexora sp., basal spur of aedeagus present.149. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865), basal spur of aedeagus absent. 150. Galeruca costatissima Blake, 1945, closed procoxal cavities. 151. Erynephala puncticollis (Say, 1824), open procoxal cavities. 152. Platycesta depressa (Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2021), open procoxal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">144</figureCitation>
.
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<mods:affiliation id="19DA4BC2D3D46443912E0B9A362F2586">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FD1031F2611755E3" bold="true" box="[680,807,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Socorroita</emphasis>
Bechyné, 1956
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087258011FEFD303160755424" author="Bechyne J." box="[325,581,1307,1334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="241 - 358" refId="ref34284" refString="Bechyne J. 1956 a. Reise des Herrn G. Frey in Sudamerika: Galerucidae (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 7 (1): 241 - 358." type="journal article" year="1956">Bechyné, 1956a: 286</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287258011FD4F303666D35424" authority="Bowditch, 1923" authorityName="Bowditch" authorityYear="1923" box="[759,1251,1307,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monocesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinipennis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FD4F303666265424" box="[759,1046,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Monocesta carinipennis</emphasis>
Bowditch, 1923
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FF0530A8631F548D" bold="true" box="[189,303,1410,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus includes only two described species, both from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187258011FC3E309861CE54DD" box="[902,1022,1458,1484]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487258011FB86309866F654DD" box="[1086,1222,1458,1484]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487258011FB6D3098670E54DD" box="[1237,1342,1458,1484]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">183–184</figureCitation>
, and 218–219 for illustrations. In some aspects, such as the narrow epipleura, it is similar to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287258011FB6330FD675F54E0" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1949" box="[1243,1391,1495,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neophaestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FB6330FD675F54E0" box="[1243,1391,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Neophaestus</emphasis>
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. Even so, the
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species of the two genera are very different from each other, based on various other characteristics. However, we are aware of ten apparently undescribed species that seem to be closely related to these genera (
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187258011FE60336E606D574F" box="[472,605,1604,1630]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187258011FDD2336F60FA574E" box="[618,714,1605,1631]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187258011FD6E336E617D574F" box="[726,845,1604,1630]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
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; all in the Brigham Young University collection). Some of the undescribed species are intermediate between the two genera. We do not suggest that the two genera are synonymous. Rather, new genera should probably be erected to accommodate the intermediate species.
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Genus
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(
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species
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, by monotypy).
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(replacement name for
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This genus currently includes a single species,
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FD67341361BF5043" box="[735,911,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. chiriquensis</emphasis>
(
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)
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from
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. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487258011FA9D341267465043" box="[1317,1398,312,338]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. Some characteristics, such as the narrow epipleuron, suggest a close relationship with
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and
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387258011FE7934A8600D508D" box="[449,573,386,412]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Socorroita</emphasis>
Bechyné, 1956
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387268012FD7A366E6114524F" bold="true" box="[706,804,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Miraces</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387268012FF0536AF632D528F" box="[189,285,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Miraces</emphasis>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387268012FD2736AF61A2528F" box="[671,914,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Miraces aeneipennis</emphasis>
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387268012FF05368D630952D0" box="[189,313,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Halticidea</emphasis>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387268012FD12368D614952D0" box="[682,889,935,961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Halticidea delata</emphasis>
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, by subsequent designation of
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087268012FF5236E363B652F5" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[234,390,969,996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387268012FF053120631F5535" bold="true" box="[189,303,1034,1060]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains five described species. They are distributed from the southern
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through
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, and in West Indies. Other species, apparently undescribed, occur throughout much of Latin America, including South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487268012FD2B315660D55586" box="[659,741,1148,1175]" captionStart="Figs 10–18" captionStartId="72.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,281,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-68@72.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figs 10–18.Dorsal views. 10. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792).11. Neophaestussp.12. Derospidea brevicollis (LeConte, 1865). 13. Dicoelotrachelus sp. 14. Megarhabda sp. 15. Trirhabda nitidicollis LeConte, 1865. 16. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 17. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 18. Miraces aeneipennis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222507/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087268012FBFA315666DC5586" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[1090,1260,1148,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox (1965)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species occurring in the
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.
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Genus
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(
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).
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This genus contains three described species, occurring in
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Genus
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(
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species
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Although the elytra in this genus are pubescent, the setae are easily overlooked in some species. The key allows for correct identification, even if the elytra are interpreted as being asetose. The genus includes 28 described species, occurring in the
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through much of South America, and in West Indies. See
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,
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, and 195.
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Genus
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287278013FD46312566DA5538" authority="Blake, 1941" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1941" box="[766,1258,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Dicoelotrachelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlingtoni">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387278013FD46312566635538" box="[766,1107,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dicoelotrachelus darlingtoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087278013FBE2312566DA5538" author="Blake D. H." box="[1114,1258,1039,1065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="171 - 180" refId="ref35113" refString="Blake D. H. 1941. New species of Chaetocnema and other chrysomelids (Coleoptera) from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 43 (8): 171 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Blake, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387278013FF05315F631F559E" bold="true" box="[189,303,1141,1167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus includes five described species. See
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for a habitus illustration. The genus occurs in
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and Hispaniola.
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(
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species
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, by subsequent designation of
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This genus includes 25 described species, all from South America. See
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and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487278013FB1330CA66E754EB" box="[1195,1239,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">186</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087278013FD0E33296143570F" author="Bechyne J." box="[694,883,1539,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref34133" refString="Bechyne J. 1951. Chrysomeloidea americains nouveaux ou peu connus (Coleoptera). Revista Chilena de Entomologia 1: 75 - 112." type="journal article" year="1951">Bechyné (1951)</bibRefCitation>
for a key that includes most of the species.
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109
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Genus
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Clark, 1987
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(
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species
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Clark, 1987
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387278013FF0533E3631F57F2" bold="true" box="[189,303,1737,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains just one described species,
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from
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. See
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for a habitus illustration.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFDCC37D2610A5202" bold="true" box="[628,826,760,787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tricholochmaea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFCF937D366225202" author="Laboissiere V." box="[833,1042,761,787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="960 - 970" refId="ref39156" refString="Laboissiere V. 1932. Galerucini de la collection du Museum national d'histoire naturelle recueillis dans l'Himalaya par le Dr. J. Harmand. Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle (ser. 2) 4 (8): 960 - 970." type="journal article" year="1932">Laboissière, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF053611634C5244" box="[189,380,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tricholochmaea</emphasis>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFC87361166735244" box="[831,1091,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Galerucella semifulva</emphasis>
Jacoby, 1885
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF05368B631F52AA" bold="true" box="[189,303,929,955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFF0536FA63AC52FB" author="Riley E. G. &amp; Clark S. M. &amp; Seeno T. N." box="[189,412,976,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref40647" refString="Riley E. G., Clark S. M. &amp; Seeno T. N. 2003. Catalog of the Leaf Beetles of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, Excluding Bruchinae): 1 - 290. Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 1, Sacramento, California." type="book" year="2003">
Riley
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(2003)
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listed 13 Nearctic species for this Holarctic genus, occurring in both
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872B801FFB5236FA677252FB" box="[1258,1346,976,1002]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
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. Some of the species are subdivided into subspecies, which might more properly be regarded as valid species. Beyond this, several undescribed Nearctic species also belong in this genus (
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).
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFEDC311660555547" author="Lee C. &amp; Bezdek J." box="[356,613,1083,1110]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref39405" refString="Lee C. &amp; Bezdek J. 2021. Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei. ZooKeys 1039: 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1039.64740" type="journal article" year="2021">Lee &amp; Bezděk (2021)</bibRefCitation>
treated
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFD7E311161B55544" box="[710,901,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tricholochmaea</emphasis>
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as a synonym of
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFBE2311166FA5544" box="[1114,1226,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pyrrhalta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we defer acceptance of this taxonomic change until further evidence is available. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872B801FFB30317566EC5568" box="[1160,1244,1119,1145]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration of
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFEDB31A96012558C" box="[355,546,1155,1181]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tricholochmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFDDA31A9613D558F" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[610,781,1155,1182]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox (1965)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFCFD31A961E9558C" author="Ward D. R." box="[837,985,1155,1181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref41552" refString="Ward D. R. 1982. The Systematics, Distribution, and Biology of the Nearctic Species of Tricholochmaea Laboissiere (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae): 170. MS Thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario." type="book" year="1982">Ward (1982)</bibRefCitation>
for keys to the Nearctic species.
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Genus
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFCF831EF662155CE" author="Laboissiere V." box="[832,1041,1221,1247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref39200" refString="Laboissiere V. 1934. Galerucinae de la faune francaise (coleopteres). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 103: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1934">Laboissière, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF05302D634A5430" box="[189,378,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xanthogaleruca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFE39302D604E5430" author="Laboissiere V." box="[385,638,1287,1313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref39200" refString="Laboissiere V. 1934. Galerucinae de la faune francaise (coleopteres). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 103: 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1934">Laboissière, 1934: 67</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA872B801FFD3E302D67575430" box="[646,1383,1287,1313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="5F619861872B801FFD3E302D67575430" blockId="8.[189,1383,1287,1313]" box="[646,1383,1287,1313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
(
<typeStatus id="806526C3872B801FFD36302D60F25430" box="[654,706,1287,1313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFC9E302D669E5430" authority="Muller, 1766" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1766" box="[806,1198,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteola">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFC9E302D663C5430" box="[806,1036,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chrysomela luteola</emphasis>
Müller, 1766
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA872B801FFF05306361C45799" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5F619861872B801FFF053063631F5472" blockId="8.[189,303,1353,1379]" box="[189,303,1353,1379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="04292F0D872B801FFF053063631F5472" bold="true" box="[189,303,1353,1379]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF053063631F5472" bold="true" box="[189,303,1353,1379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
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One species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFED8305360A35483" authority="(Muller, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[352,659,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteola">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFED8305363E55483" box="[352,469,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">X. luteola</emphasis>
(Müller, 1766)
</taxonomicName>
, is native to the Palearctic Region but has been accidentally introduced to both North and South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872B801FFD4C30B6617554A7" box="[756,837,1436,1462]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration.
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFBDF30B6671254A7" author="Nie R. &amp; Zhou D. &amp; Xue H. &amp; Yang X." box="[1127,1314,1436,1462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="41 - 56" refId="ref39895" refString="Nie R., Zhou D., Xue H. &amp; Yang X. 2013. Notes on black elytron species of Pyrrhalta Joannis and the description of a new species from China (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). ZooKeys 289: 41 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 289.4266" type="journal article" year="2013">
Nie
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFB2C30B766FF54A7" box="[1172,1231,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFF0230EA634754CB" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1934" box="[186,375,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Xanthogaleruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF0230EA634754CB" box="[186,375,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xanthogaleruca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFDF230EA608B54CB" authorityName="Joannis" authorityYear="1865" box="[586,699,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFDF230EA608B54CB" box="[586,699,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pyrrhalta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFCFC30EB667354CB" author="Lee C. &amp; Bezdek J." box="[836,1091,1472,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref39405" refString="Lee C. &amp; Bezdek J. 2021. Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei. ZooKeys 1039: 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1039.64740" type="journal article" year="2021">Lee &amp; Bezděk (2021)</bibRefCitation>
regarded
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFB0130EA674654CB" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1934" box="[1209,1398,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Xanthogaleruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFB0130EA674654CB" box="[1209,1398,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xanthogaleruca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a valid genus, separate from
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFDF330CE608D54EF" authorityName="Joannis" authorityYear="1865" box="[587,701,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFDF330CE608D54EF" box="[587,701,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pyrrhalta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At least until additional evidence is available, we also treat
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFF04332263495733" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1934" box="[188,377,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Xanthogaleruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF04332263495733" box="[188,377,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xanthogaleruca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F619861872B801FFDE7336061C45799" blockId="8.[576,1012,1610,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Tribe
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFD1D336061E55775" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[677,981,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galerucini" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galerucini Latreille, 1802</taxonomicName>
Section
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFD18334761C45799" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[672,1012,1645,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="section" section="Schematizites">
Schematizites
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFCF2334761C45799" author="Chapuis F." box="[842,1012,1645,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. &amp; Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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177
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFD0D342261195032" bold="true" box="[693,809,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pyrrhalta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFC88342361E15035" author="Joannis M. L. de" box="[816,977,265,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref38909" refString="Joannis M. L. de. 1865. Gallerucides, tribu de la famille de Phytophages, ou Chrysomelines. L'Abeille 3: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1865">Joannis, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE70872B801FFF05346160345074" author="Joannis M. L. de" box="[189,516,331,358]" page="82" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFF05346160345074" ID-CoL="766J" authority="Joannis, 1865: 82" authorityName="Joannis" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1865" box="[189,516,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF053461631F5074" box="[189,303,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pyrrhalta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFE8E346160345074" author="Joannis M. L. de" box="[310,516,331,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref38909" refString="Joannis M. L. de. 1865. Gallerucides, tribu de la famille de Phytophages, ou Chrysomelines. L'Abeille 3: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1865">Joannis, 1865: 82</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="5F619861872B801FFDB3346166EC5074" blockId="8.[189,1398,331,572]" box="[523,1244,331,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
(
<typeStatus id="806526C3872B801FFDAB346160775074" box="[531,583,331,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFD13346166125074" authority="Paykull, 1778" authorityName="Paykull" authorityYear="1778" box="[683,1058,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galeruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFD13346161465074" box="[683,886,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Galeruca viburni</emphasis>
Paykull, 1778
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, by monotypy).
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7FCEBF4F872B801FFF053445605F5098" box="[189,623,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE70872B801FFF053445605F5098" author="Blackburn T." box="[189,623,367,393]" page="361" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1890">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFF053445605F5098" authority="Blackburn, 1890: 361" authorityName="Blackburn" authorityPageNumber="361" authorityYear="1890" box="[189,623,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hoplostines" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF05344563795098" box="[189,329,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hoplostines</emphasis>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFC8E344567725098" authority="Blackburn, 1890" authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1890" box="[822,1346,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hoplostines" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridipennis">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFC8E344566505098" box="[822,1120,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hoplostines viridipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFBCA344567725098" author="Blackburn T." box="[1138,1346,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="303 - 366" refId="ref34884" refString="Blackburn T. 1890. Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species. Part VII. The Proceeding of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Second Series) 5: 303 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18641" type="journal article" year="1890">Blackburn, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE70872B801FFF05349D605150C0" author="Laboissiere V." box="[189,609,438,465]" page="55" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1927">
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF05349D636E50C1" box="[189,350,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Decoomanius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFEDD349C605150C0" author="Laboissiere V." box="[357,609,438,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="37 - 62" refId="ref39042" refString="Laboissiere V. 1927. Contribution a l'etude des Galerucini de l'Indochine et du Yunnan avec descriptions de nouveaux genres et especes (Col. Chrysomelidae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 96: 37 - 62." type="journal article" year="1927">Laboissière, 1927: 55</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFCBE349D66DB50C0" authority="Laboissiere, 1927" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1927" box="[774,1259,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Decoomanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limbatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFCBE349D662350C1" box="[774,1043,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Decoomanius limbatus</emphasis>
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, by original designation).
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE70872B801FFF0534D4607E5309" author="Laboissiere V." box="[189,590,510,536]" page="269" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFF0534D4607E5309" authority="Laboissiere, 1929: 269" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1929" box="[189,590,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chapalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF0534D4631A5309" box="[189,298,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chapalia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFE8F34D4607E5309" author="Laboissiere V." box="[311,590,510,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="251 - 288" refId="ref39083" refString="Laboissiere V. 1929. Observations sur les Galerucini asiatiques principalement du Tonkin et du Yunnan et descriptions de nouveaux genres et especes. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 98: 251 - 288." type="journal article" year="1929">Laboissière, 1929: 269</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="5F619861872B801FFDE334D463B3532D" blockId="8.[189,1398,331,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFCBE34D466EF5309" authority="Laboissiere, 1929" authorityName="Laboissiere" authorityYear="1929" box="[774,1247,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chapalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jeanvoinei">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFCBE34D461CA5309" box="[774,1018,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chapalia jeanvoinei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872B801FFBBF34D466EF5309" author="Laboissiere V." box="[1031,1247,510,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="251 - 288" refId="ref39083" refString="Laboissiere V. 1929. Observations sur les Galerucini asiatiques principalement du Tonkin et du Yunnan et descriptions de nouveaux genres et especes. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 98: 251 - 288." type="journal article" year="1929">Laboissière, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<heading id="04292F0D872B801FFF05374E631F536F" bold="true" box="[189,303,612,638]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF05374E631F536F" bold="true" box="[189,303,612,638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="5F619861872B801FFF0537B9617153C0" blockId="8.[189,1398,659,721]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872B801FFF0537B9607B53BC" authority="(Paykull, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[189,587,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872B801FFF0537B963BB53BC" box="[189,395,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pyrrhalta viburni</emphasis>
(Paykull, 1778)
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, a Palearctic species, has been accidentally introduced to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872B801FFB5537B9677553BC" box="[1261,1349,659,685]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
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. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872B801FFE7E379D602853C0" box="[454,536,695,721]" captionStart="Figs 19–27" captionStartId="73.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,267,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-75@73.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 19–27.Dorsal views. 19. Nestinus bimaculatus Clark, 1865.20. Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers, 1870). 21. Apteroyinga andrewsi Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020. 22. Tricholochmaea cavicollis (LeConte, 1865). 23. Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull, 1799).24. Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766).25. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758). 26. Itaitubana lineatipennis (Jacoby, 1886). 27. Itaitubana alternata (Jacoby, 1886)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222509/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration.
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117
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Genus
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, by subsequent designation of
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FF0534CC63585311" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[189,360,486,512]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="220" refId="ref41778" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1971. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Oidini, Galerucini, Metacyclini, Sermylini. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa. Pars 78, Fasc. 1, (Editio Seconda): 220. W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book chapter" year="1971">Wilcox (1971)</bibRefCitation>
listed only one species for this genus from
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. However, see the comments below, regarding the genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872C8018FE02372160C65337" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[442,758,523,550]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Zepherina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FD86372160C65337" author="Bechyne J." box="[574,758,523,550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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. See
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and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872C8018FC63372166375337" box="[987,1031,523,550]" captionStart="Figs 183–188" captionStartId="94.[189,241,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-56@94.[201,1386,266,1889]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figs 183–188. Pronotal shapes, dorsal views. 183. Socorroita carinipennis (Bowditch, 1923). 184. Socorroita elvira Bechyné, 1956. 185. Masurius sp. 186. Dircema?nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792). 187. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 188. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222577/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">185</figureCitation>
for illustrations of specimens possessing the characters
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, but differing in color from the
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species.
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99
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Genus
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872C8018FCEB319761D155C6" author="Blake D. H." box="[851,993,1213,1239]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="14 - 20" refId="ref35269" refString="Blake D. H. 1963. Eight new chrysomelid beetles from the West Indies (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 65 (1): 14 - 20." type="journal article" year="1963">Blake, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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This genus contains eight described species, all from the West Indies. See
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Genus
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Chevrolat
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in
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Chevrolat
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(
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species
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Fabricius, 1801
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, by subsequent designation of
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This genus currently contains 14 described species, but some of these should probably be transferred to
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Bechyné &amp; Bechyné. True
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occurs from
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through much of South America, and in the Lesser Antilles. See
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for a habitus illustration. See
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for a key to distinguish some of the species and subspecies. As with most
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, the larval habits of
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FB1136BE66C152BC" box="[1193,1265,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Exora</emphasis>
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are largely unknown. However, in unpublished notes from the late John A. Wilcox (currently in the possession of Shawn M. Clark), he recorded the following correspondence that he received from Jan Bechyné (dated
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): “I have received important information from F. Fernández Yépez: The larvae of
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FA9031286746550A" box="[1320,1398,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pyesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872D8019FF05310F637A5551" author="Clark H." box="[189,330,1061,1088]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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or
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FECF310C638F552E" box="[375,447,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Exora</emphasis>
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have been collected in the FRUITS of Inga (Leguminosae-tree) and the adults have been obtained in laboratory ex larvae. I am unable to find the corresponding material now (may be in alcohol).”
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FD743422612A5032" bold="true" box="[716,794,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Elyces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872D8019FC993423618A5032" author="Jacoby M." box="[801,954,265,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872D8019FF05346663D05077" authority="Jacoby, 1888: 612" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityPageNumber="612" authorityYear="1888" box="[189,480,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Elyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FF053466633A5077" box="[189,266,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Elyces</emphasis>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2872D8019FD383466660A5077" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[640,1082,332,358]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Elyces" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrimaculatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FD38346661A95077" box="[640,921,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Elyces quadrimaculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872D8019FC183466660A5077" author="Jacoby M." box="[928,1082,332,358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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, by subsequent designation of
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872D8019FEB2345A6395509A" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[266,421,368,395]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="220" refId="ref41778" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1971. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Oidini, Galerucini, Metacyclini, Sermylini. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa. Pars 78, Fasc. 1, (Editio Seconda): 220. W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book chapter" year="1971">Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
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<heading id="04292F0D872D8019FF053499631F50DC" bold="true" box="[189,303,435,461]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FF053499631F50DC" bold="true" box="[189,303,435,461]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F619861872D8019FF0534C960225333" blockId="14.[186,1398,483,547]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
This genus contains six described species, plus numerous apparently undescribed species from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872D8019FB4F34C9674650EC" box="[1271,1398,483,509]" name="Guatemala" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1872D8019FF60372263225333" box="[216,274,520,546]" name="Peru" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Peru</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872D8019FEF6372263955332" box="[334,421,520,547]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 58</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872D8019FE673722603E5333" box="[479,526,520,546]" captionStart="Figs158–163" captionStartId="89.[189,241,1925,1951]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-56@89.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figs158–163.Heads,anteriorviews.158.Gynandrobroticaventricosa(Jacoby,1878),♂.159.G.ventricosa, ♀. 160. Gynandrobrotica nigrofasciata (Jacoby, 1878), ♂. 161. Elyces?quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 162. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), ♂. 163. M. geometrica, ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222561/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">161</figureCitation>
.
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111
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FD0B3198610255DD" bold="true" box="[691,818,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hecataeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872D8019FC82319861E355DD" author="Jacoby M." box="[826,979,1202,1228]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872D8019FC0731DE666A541E" author="Jacoby M." box="[959,1114,1268,1295]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872D8019FF053012631F5443" bold="true" box="[189,303,1336,1362]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains three described species, occurring in
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and
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. See
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for a habitus illustration. The inclusion in
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may not be correct (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590872D8019FC3730A6667354B7" author="Nie R. &amp; Andujar C. &amp; Gomez-Rodriguez C. &amp; Bai M. &amp; Xue H. &amp; Tang M. &amp; Yang C. &amp; Tang P. &amp; Yang X. &amp; Vogler A. P." box="[911,1091,1420,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="188 - 204" refId="ref40099" refString="Nie R., Andujar C., Gomez-Rodriguez C., Bai M., Xue H., Tang M., Yang C., Tang P., Yang X. &amp; Vogler A. P. 2020. The phylogeny of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) inferred from mitochondrial genomes. Systematic Entomology 45 (1): 188 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12387" type="journal article" year="2020">
Nie
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2020
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Genus
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species
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This genus occurs from the
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, as well as in South America (
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and
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). See
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,
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, and 226 for illustrations. It contains 24 described species. Numerous undescribed species also belong here. The males of some species are immediately recognizable by the odd depression located laterally, near the mid-length of each elytron. In some species, there is an intricate structure within the depression, but this is missing in others. Unfortunately, some specimens cannot be identified by this depression, as it is entirely missing from the males of some species, as well as from the females of all species. In these instances, less conspicuous features must be employed for identification. Similar elytral depressions are present in other genera, but rather than being near mid-length, they are near the apicolateral angle or the apex.
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Genus
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species
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473872E801AFF0530EB631F54CA" bold="true" box="[189,303,1473,1499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks</emphasis>
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As currently constituted, this genus contains six described species, all from South America. It is distinguished from most other metacycline genera by having bifid, rather than appendiculate, tarsal claws. However, some species currently placed in
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(but not the
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species) are extremely similar to some species currently in
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, although possessing appendiculate claws. Perhaps, such species should be transferred to
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. Alternatively, a new genus may need to be erected, with some members possessing bifid claws and others appendiculate claws. Further taxonomic investigation is warranted. See
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and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4872E801AFD05339660DC57C6" box="[701,748,1724,1751]" captionStart="Figs 153–157. 153" captionStartId="88.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,265,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-61@88.[212,1375,265,1858]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figs 153–157. 153. Galerucella nymphaeae (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. 154. Ophraea rugosa Jacoby, 1886, ventral view. 155. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956), head, including maxillary palpi. 156. Pyesexora sp., head, including maxillary palpi. 157. Byblitea sp., lower portion of head, including maxillary palpi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">157</figureCitation>
.
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Genus
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species
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This genus contains 28 described species. See
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for a habitus illustration. They occur from
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through much of South America. Numerous undescribed species also belong in the genus.
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107
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Genus
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(
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species
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, by original designation).
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This genus includes three described species, distributed in
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. See
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for a habitus illustration.
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reported the front coxal cavities to be posteriorly closed. However, they appear to be open in material we have examined. Perhaps, this character is variable among the species. Regarding this genus, we have not used this character in the following key. The placement in the principally Old
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Genus
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FF053179630B557C" box="[189,315,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synbrotica</emphasis>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FF0531BD631F55A0" bold="true" box="[189,303,1175,1201]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
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This is a large genus, containing about 200 described species, occurring in
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, Central America, South America, and the West Indies. See
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for habitus illustrations. The included species are rather heterogeneous, and the relationships to various other genera, such as
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and
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FB4E303F675F543E" box="[1270,1391,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ensiforma</emphasis>
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, are currently unclear. Future investigation will probably result in
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FC0C301161C85445" box="[948,1016,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Isotes</emphasis>
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being subdivided into numerous smaller genera.
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Genus
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Bechyné, 1955
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FF05362B631F520A" bold="true" box="[189,303,769,795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="5F61986187308004FF053619631B52AE" blockId="19.[187,1399,819,959]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087308004FF0536196355525C" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[189,357,819,845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref41823" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1972. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Aulacphorina, Diabroticina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 296 - 431. Pars 78, Fasc. 2 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1972">Wilcox (1972)</bibRefCitation>
listed 32 species for this genus. They occur from
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through much of South America. However, the genus apparently does not form a monophyletic clade, some species being nested within
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and others within
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Cerotomites
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087308004FD61365461B75288" author="Chapuis F." box="[729,903,894,921]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. &amp; Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087308004FC22365466A95288" author="Gillespie J. J. &amp; Tallamy D. W. &amp; Riley E. G. &amp; Cognato A. I." box="[922,1177,894,921]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="195 - 222" refId="ref37968" refString="Gillespie J. J., Tallamy D. W., Riley E. G. &amp; Cognato A. I. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of rootworms and related galerucine beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zoologica Scripta 37: 195 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2007.00320. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Gillespie
<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FBA83655667E5289" box="[1040,1102,894,920]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
). See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487308004FB5E365467715288" box="[1254,1345,894,921]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 82</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487308004FF05368E631752AE" box="[189,295,932,959]" captionStart="Figs158–163" captionStartId="89.[189,241,1925,1951]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-56@89.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figs158–163.Heads,anteriorviews.158.Gynandrobroticaventricosa(Jacoby,1878),♂.159.G.ventricosa, ♀. 160. Gynandrobrotica nigrofasciata (Jacoby, 1878), ♂. 161. Elyces?quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 162. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), ♂. 163. M. geometrica, ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222561/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">158–160</figureCitation>
.
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106
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FD0A342261035033" bold="true" box="[690,819,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ensiforma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087308004FC82342361E45032" author="Jacoby M." box="[826,980,265,291]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="807 - 817" refId="ref38612" refString="Jacoby M. 1876. Descriptions of new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876: 807 - 817. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1876. tb 02617. x" type="journal article" year="1876">Jacoby, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FF05346763075076" box="[189,311,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ensiforma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087308004FE87346760235076" author="Jacoby M." box="[319,531,333,359]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="807 - 817" refId="ref38612" refString="Jacoby M. 1876. Descriptions of new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876: 807 - 817. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1876. tb 02617. x" type="journal article" year="1876">Jacoby, 1876: 817</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087308004FC11346766755076" author="Jacoby M." box="[937,1093,333,359]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="807 - 817" refId="ref38612" refString="Jacoby M. 1876. Descriptions of new genera and species of phytophagous Coleoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876: 807 - 817. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1876. tb 02617. x" type="journal article" year="1876">Jacoby, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FF0534B8631F50BD" bold="true" box="[189,303,402,428]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287308004FF0534E9630750CC" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1876" box="[189,311,451,477]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ensiforma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FF0534E9630750CC" box="[189,311,451,477]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ensiforma</emphasis>
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occurs in much of South America. See
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for a habitus illustration. The genus currently contains just nine described species. However, numerous other species belong here, but they are currently undescribed or perhaps misplaced in genera such as
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FC9B372561575339" box="[803,871,527,552]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Isotes</emphasis>
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This genus contains a single species,
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087308004FF05337463C35769" author="Smith R. F. &amp; Lawrence J. F." box="[189,499,1630,1657]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref40934" refString="Smith R. F. &amp; Lawrence J. F. 1967. Clarification of the status of the type specimens of Diabroticites (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). University of California Publications in Entomology 45: 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1967">Smith &amp; Lawrence (1967)</bibRefCitation>
“tentatively” assigned this genus to the tribe
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. However, we find very little similarity with other metacylines. We here transfer the genus to the section
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287308004FB6733AE6747578F" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1247,1399,1668,1694]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="section" section="Diabroticites">Diabroticites</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287308004FF7D3380630057D5" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[197,304,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luperini">Luperini</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287308004FE85338063E557D5" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[317,469,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Diabroticina">Diabroticina</taxonomicName>
),
<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FE553380610457D5" bold="true" box="[493,820,1706,1732]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">new taxonomic placement</emphasis>
. This genus contains a single described species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287308004FF0733FB634257FB" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[191,370,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microbrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subglabrata">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387308004FF0733FB634257FB" box="[191,370,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. subglabrata</emphasis>
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, which occurs in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187308004FDFA33FB60AF57FA" box="[578,671,1745,1771]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487308004FD1733FA613757FB" box="[687,775,1744,1770]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
).
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113
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387318005FDD0334360D95795" bold="true" box="[616,745,1641,1668]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diabrotica</emphasis>
Chevrolat
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in
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087318005FC313343662E5792" author="Dejean P. F. M. A." box="[905,1054,1641,1667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="361 - 443" refId="ref36483" refString="Dejean P. F. M. A. 1836. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Deuxieme edition. Livraison 5: 361 - 443. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173109" type="journal article" year="1836">Dejean 1836</bibRefCitation>
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Chevrolat
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species
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Fabricius, 1787
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, by subsequent designation of
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387318005FF05323B631F563A" bold="true" box="[189,303,1809,1835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
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This is a very large genus, with nearly 400 described species from the New
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and includes some of the most agriculturally damaging pests on Earth. Species from North and Central America have recently been treated by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087318005FE5F32AD60CF56B0" author="Derunkov A. &amp; Konstantinov A. S. &amp; Tishechkin A. &amp; Hartje L. &amp; Redford A. J." box="[487,767,1927,1953]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref36617" refString="Derunkov A., Konstantinov A. S., Tishechkin A., Hartje L. &amp; Redford A. J. 2020. Diabrotica ID: Identification of Diabrotica species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from North and Central America. USDA APHIS PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, USDA Agricultural Research Service, University of Maryland, and Louisiana State University. Available from https: // idtools. org / id / beetles / diabrotica / [accessed 20 Dec. 2020]." type="url" year="2020">
Derunkov
<emphasis id="6DAA447387318005FDD032A2609656B0" box="[616,678,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
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. However, although there are studies of local faunas and of certain species groups, there is no modern, comprehensive treatment for the species from South America. See
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for a habitus illustration.
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Genus
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(
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species
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Baly, 1886
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, by original designation).
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This genus contains only one described species,
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(Baly, 1886)
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from South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487318005FF063685632052DB" box="[190,272,943,970]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration.
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Genus
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Olivier, 1808
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This genus contains 17 described species (
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). They occur in
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and much of South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487318005FEDA37596389539F" box="[354,441,627,654]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 91</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487318005FE4B37596013539F" box="[499,547,627,654]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">205</figureCitation>
.
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107
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Genus
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(
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species
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Baly, 1879
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, by original designation).
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This genus contains only two described species from
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,
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and
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. See
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and
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387328006FDEB324260DE5692" bold="true" box="[595,750,1896,1923]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Anisobrotica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087328006FD4D324266025693" author="Bechyne J. &amp; Bechyne B. S. de" box="[757,1074,1896,1923]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. &amp; Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné &amp; Bechyné, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287328006FF05328060F456D4" authority="Bechyne &amp; Bechyne, 1969: 30" authorityName="Bechyne &amp; Bechyne" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1969" box="[189,708,1962,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Anisobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087328006FEE3328060F456D4" author="Bechyne J. &amp; Bechyne B. S. de" box="[347,708,1962,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 110" refId="ref34660" refString="Bechyne J. &amp; Bechyne B. S. de. 1969. Die Galerucidengattungen in Sudbrasilien. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 36: 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1969">Bechyné &amp; Bechyné, 1969: 30</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287328006FCD4328066DA56D4" authority="Baly, 1889" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1889" box="[876,1258,1962,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donckieri">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387328006FCD43280665256D5" box="[876,1122,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diabrotica donckieri</emphasis>
Baly, 1889
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387318005FF053423631F5032" bold="true" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="5F61986187318005FF05341D675C5043" blockId="18.[189,1388,311,338]" box="[189,1388,311,338]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
This genus includes five described species. They occur from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187318005FC30341D61E05040" box="[904,976,311,337]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287318005FC4B341D665C5040" box="[1011,1132,311,337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Argentina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Argentina</taxonomicName>
. See
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and
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.
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Genus
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Barber, 1947
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(
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species
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Barber, 1947
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This genus contains about 80 described species. They are distributed from
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through much of South America, as well as in West Indies. See
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for habitus illustrations. See
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,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087328006FF05307060235465" author="Bechyne J. &amp; Bechyne B. S. de" box="[189,531,1370,1396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="24 - 50" refId="ref34612" refString="Bechyne J. &amp; Bechyne B. S. de. 1968. Notas sobre el genero Acalymma Barber (Col.: Phytophaga, Galerucidae). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela 4 (4): 24 - 50." type="journal article" year="1968">Bechyné &amp; Bechyné (1968)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087328006FD9A3071617E5465" author="Munroe D. D. &amp; Smith R. F." box="[546,846,1370,1397]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref39836" refString="Munroe D. D. &amp; Smith R. F. 1980. A revision of the systematics of Acalymma sensu stricto Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from North America including Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 112: 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 112112 fv" type="journal article" year="1980">Munroe &amp; Smith (1980)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087328006FC2B307066785465" author="Cabrera N." box="[915,1096,1370,1396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="91 - 105" refId="ref35606" refString="Cabrera N. 1999. Contribucion para el conocimiento del genero Acalymma en la Argentina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 58 (3 - 4): 91 - 105." type="journal article" year="1999">Cabrera (1999)</bibRefCitation>
for keys to many of the species. Some of the smaller beetles are very similar to some of the small
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, and their generic placements warrant reevaluation.
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Genus
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Barber, 1947
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087328006FEE4330C600C5750" author="Barber H. S." box="[348,572,1574,1601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="151 - 161" refId="ref34024" refString="Barber H. S. 1947 a. Diabrotica and two new genera (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of The Entomological Society of Washington 49 (6): 151 - 161." type="journal article" year="1947">Barber, 1947a: 158</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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Say, 1835
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, by original designation).
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This genus currently contains only eleven described species, distributed from the
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to northern South America. However, some species currently placed in other genera may properly belong here. On the other hand,
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(Jacoby, 1878)
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, a species from
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and Central America, might more properly belong in
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. See
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and
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for illustrations of
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Genus
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(
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species
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Bowditch, 1925
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This genus is reported to occur in Central and South America. An undescribed species from
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may also belong here. However, the genus is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of species. Most notably, the aedeagi vary dramatically in form. The beetles are also very heterogeneous in their externally visible characters (hence, the numerous places the genus appears in the key). Future systematic study will surely result in the genus being subdivided into numerous smaller genera. The following key accounts for much of the heterogeneity, but may not allow for identification of all of the species currently in the genus. Moreover, minimal characters differentiate
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from
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387328006FB2D360367335253" box="[1173,1283,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Masurius</emphasis>
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. Some of the species currently placed in
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might more properly belong in
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387328006FB92366666A75274" box="[1066,1175,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Masurius</emphasis>
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. Together, the two genera currently contain approximately 60 named species. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487328006FC1536456601529B" box="[941,1073,879,906]" captionStart-0="Figs 46–54" captionStart-1="Figs 55–63" captionStartId-0="76.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionStartId-1="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[217,1371,268,1839]" captionTargetBox-1="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId-0="figure-76@76.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetId-1="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="76" captionTargetPageId-1="77" captionText-0="Figs 46–54. Dorsal views. 46. Hecataeus nigricollis Jacoby, 1888. 47. Nyctiplanctus? farri Blake, 1963. 48. Nyctiplanctus ferrugineus (Blake, 1963). 49. Metacycla sallei Baly, 1861. 50. Metalepta degandii Baly, 1961. 51. Zepherina defensa (Bechyné, 1956). 52. Zepherina trinidadensis (Weise, 1929). 53. Zepherina brevicollis (Weise, 1921). 54. Zepherina parvicollis Bechyné &amp; Bechyné, 1976." captionText-1="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222521" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7222521/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 52–55</figureCitation>
and
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for illustrations of
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FF0532E5631D56F9" box="[189,301,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Uaupesia</emphasis>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FD7F32E561A356F9" box="[711,915,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Uaupesia romani</emphasis>
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387328006FF053423631F5032" bold="true" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains eight described species, all from South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487328006FBA7341266465043" box="[1055,1142,312,338]" captionStart="Figs 64–72" captionStartId="78.[189,241,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[232,1369,268,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-70@78.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figs 64–72. Dorsal views. 64. Pyesia laticornis (Germar, 1823). 65. Chthoneis marginicollis Jacoby, 1881. 66. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875). 67. Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843. 68. Zischkaita sp. 69. Uaupesia sp. 70. Paranapiacaba fuscomarginata (Jacoby, 1878). 71. Paranapiacaba dorsoplagiata (Jacoby, 1837). 72. Microbrotica subglabrata Jacoby, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222527/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs 69</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487328006FB17341266EE5043" box="[1199,1246,312,338]" captionStart="Figs 195–200" captionStartId="96.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[231,1348,277,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-80@96.[229,1353,265,1805]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figs 195–200. Male abdominal ventrites. 195. Monocesta coryli (Say, 1824), fifth ventrite with slight depression. 196. Pyesexora sp., fifth ventrite entire. 197. Uaupesia (undescribed sp.), fifth ventrite excavated. 198. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884), fifth ventrite with quadrate lobe. 199. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896, fifth ventrite with rectangular lobe. 200. Trigonexora spissa (Bechyné, 1956), fourth ventrite with single, unpaired appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222583/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">197</figureCitation>
.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FD6B37C061115215" bold="true" box="[723,801,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pyesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087338007FC9037C061835214" author="Clark H." box="[808,947,746,773]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="315 - 325" refId="ref35996" refString="Clark H. 1865. An examination of the Dejeanian genus Coelomera (Coleoptera Phytophaga) and its affinities. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (ser. 3) 16: 256 - 268, 315 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508679436" type="journal article" year="1865">Clark, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FF053607633B5257" box="[189,267,813,838]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pyesia</emphasis>
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(
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species
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Germar, 1823
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FF05365A631F529B" bold="true" box="[189,303,880,906]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
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After our transferal of two species to
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FD38368A60CA52A8" box="[640,762,928,953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pyesexora</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F90887338007FCBA368A614152AB" box="[770,881,928,954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287338007FCC7368A61FD52A8" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[895,973,928,953]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FCC7368A61FD52A8" box="[895,973,928,953]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pyesia</emphasis>
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now contains 13 described species. See
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for a habitus illustration. However,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287338007FD4D36EF617352CF" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1865" box="[757,835,965,990]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FD4D36EF617352CF" box="[757,835,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pyesia</emphasis>
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continues to be a heterogeneous assemblage of species. The following key will enable some of them to be identified as this genus, but perhaps not all of them. Future taxonomic investigation will probably lead to additional species being removed from
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FF073119633D555D" box="[191,269,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pyesia</emphasis>
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and transferred to other genera (some likely to
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FC8131196199555D" box="[825,937,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Uaupesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087338007FC0931186655555C" author="Bechyne J." box="[945,1125,1074,1101]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="133 - 152" refId="ref34355" refString="Bechyne J. 1957. Voyage de M. le Dr. A. Roman au Bresil (1914 - 1915). Eumolpides, Galerucides et Alticides (Col. Phytophaga). Arkiv for Zoologi 11 (10): 133 - 152." type="journal article" year="1957">Bechyné, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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).
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Genus
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species
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Bechyné &amp; Bechyné, 1962
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This genus currently contains only four described species, but some of the species currently in
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probably belong here. Numerous apparently undescribed species also belong in
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. The males of some species have a curious, slender appendage on the abdomen, but the males of other species do not. The genus occurs in South America. See
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and
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.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FD1E315E6118559E" bold="true" box="[678,808,1140,1167]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sonyadora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087338007FC88315F61D05581" author="Bechyne J." box="[816,992,1141,1168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087338007FF053192607355C2" author="Bechyne J." box="[189,579,1208,1235]" page="594" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1958">
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FF053192630C55C3" box="[189,316,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sonyadora</emphasis>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287338007FD463192677655C2" authority="Bowditch, 1925" authorityName="Bowditch" authorityYear="1925" box="[766,1350,1208,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Malacosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadripustulatum">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FD463192664455C3" box="[766,1140,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Malacosoma quadripustulatum</emphasis>
Bowditch, 1925
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, by original designation).
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<heading id="04292F0D87338007FF05300A631F542B" bold="true" box="[189,303,1312,1338]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FF05300A631F542B" bold="true" box="[189,303,1312,1338]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus currently includes eleven described species, distributed in Central and South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487338007FF06305E6322549F" box="[190,274,1396,1422]" captionStart="Figs 55–63" captionStartId="77.[189,241,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[222,1364,269,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-67@77.[219,1369,265,1840]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Figs 55–63. Dorsal views. 55. Zepherina variegata (Weise, 1921). 56. Exora olivacea (Fabricius, 1801). 57. Masurius sp. 58. Elyces? quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 59. Byblitea jansoni (Jacoby, 1878). 60. Sonyadora quadripustulata (Bowditch, 1925). 61. Malacorhinus foveipennis (Jacoby, 1879). 62. Trigonexora diversemaculata (Bechyné, 1956). 63. Pyesexora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222523/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. However, they are rather heterogeneous. Possibly, the following key will not identify some of them as
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387338007FD8330B3608A54A2" box="[571,698,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sonyadora</emphasis>
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. Future investigation will probably necessitate the transferal of some species to other genera.
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<mods:title id="4FCB9F2FE673BA91231FF09590000732">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FD1531186175555C" bold="true" box="[685,837,1074,1101]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Deinocladus</emphasis>
Blake, 1966
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087348000FF05315F607C5581" author="Blake D. H." box="[189,588,1141,1168]" page="259" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1966">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FF05315F607C5581" authority="Blake, 1966 a: 259" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="259" authorityYear="1966" box="[189,588,1141,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Deinocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FF05315F6361559E" box="[189,337,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Deinocladus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FEDA315F607C5581" author="Blake D. H." box="[354,588,1141,1168]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="233 - 266" refId="ref35304" refString="Blake D. H. 1966 a. More new galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3528): 233 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3528.233" type="journal article" year="1966">Blake, 1966a: 259</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FCA9315F66E7559E" authority="Baly, 1889" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1889" box="[785,1239,1141,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinicornis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FCA9315F660A559E" box="[785,1082,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diabrotica pectinicornis</emphasis>
Baly, 1889
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FF0531F1631F55E4" bold="true" box="[189,303,1243,1269]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
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This genus contains three described species. They occur in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187348000FCD0302161DA5435" box="[872,1002,1290,1317]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187348000FC4C3020665B5435" box="[1012,1131,1290,1316]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
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, and
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. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487348000FF04300463135458" box="[188,291,1326,1353]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert &amp; Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 113</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487348000FE973005636E5458" box="[303,350,1327,1353]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">217</figureCitation>
, and 231.
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Genus
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species
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This genus contains 16 described species. They are all from the Greater Antilles. See
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for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FE653362604A5772" author="Blake D. H." box="[477,634,1608,1635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="59 - 101" refId="ref35186" refString="Blake D. H. 1958. A review of some galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108 (3395): 59 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3395.59" type="journal article" year="1958">Blake (1958)</bibRefCitation>
for a key that includes most of the described species. However, realize that four species have been named subsequent to that key (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FC7C3346667E5796" author="Blake D. H." box="[964,1102,1644,1671]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="178 - 182" refId="ref35237" refString="Blake D. H. 1959. Seven new galerucid beetles from the West Indies. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 48 (6): 178 - 182." type="journal article" year="1959">Blake 1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FBE2334666955797" author="Blake D. H." box="[1114,1189,1644,1670]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="233 - 266" refId="ref35304" refString="Blake D. H. 1966 a. More new galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3528): 233 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3528.233" type="journal article" year="1966">1966a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FB0A3347670E5796" author="Zayas F. de" box="[1202,1342,1645,1671]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref41909" refString="Zayas F. de. 1988. Entomofauna Cubana. Orden Coleoptera. Separata Descripcion de Nuevas Especies: 212. Editorial Cientifico-Tenica, Habana." type="book" year="1988">Zayas 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FD1D342261D15032" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[677,993,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Rachicephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FD1D3422617B5032" bold="true" box="[677,843,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rachicephala</emphasis>
Blake, 1966
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE7087348000FF05346160615077" author="Blake D. H." box="[189,593,331,358]" page="353" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1966">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FF05346160615077" authority="Blake, 1966 b: 353" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="353" authorityYear="1966" box="[189,593,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Rachicephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FF053461636E5074" box="[189,350,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rachicephala</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FED4346160615077" author="Blake D. H." box="[364,593,331,358]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="267 - 372" refId="ref35354" refString="Blake D. H. 1966 b. A review of the beetles of the genus Neobrotica and some closely related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3529): 267 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3529.267" type="journal article" year="1966">Blake, 1966b: 353</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FCB4346166ED5074" authority="Jacoby, 1887" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1887" box="[780,1245,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neobrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittatipennis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FCB43461661D5074" box="[780,1069,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neobrotica vittatipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FB83346166ED5074" author="Jacoby M." box="[1083,1245,331,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA87348000FF05349B63ED530E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
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<heading id="04292F0D87348000FF05349B631F50DA" bold="true" box="[189,303,433,459]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FF05349B631F50DA" bold="true" box="[189,303,433,459]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F61986187348000FF0534CB63ED530E" blockId="23.[188,1398,480,543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
This genus contains a single described species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FD5B34CB667650EA" authority="(Jacoby, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[739,1094,481,507]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neobrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittatipennis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FD5B34CB61A350EB" box="[739,915,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">R. vittatipennis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FC1B34CB660E50EA" author="Jacoby M." box="[931,1086,481,507]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187348000FB3434CB66D950EA" box="[1164,1257,481,507]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487348000FA9C34CB674650EA" box="[1316,1398,480,507]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration.
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118
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<mods:title id="556F440AED26DD7606CBFF283A28234C">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="B709602F16307BFBA626A4290AA18BCF">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FD2337FA617B53FA" bold="true" box="[667,843,720,747]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Coronabrotica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FCEB37F861DB53FA" author="Moura L. de" box="[851,1003,721,748]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="26 - 32" refId="ref39727" refString="Moura L. de. A. 2010. Coronabrotica, a new genus and species of Luperini, and a key to genera of Section Phyllecthrites (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2675: 26 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2675.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">Moura, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FF0536396359523C" box="[189,361,787,813]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Coronabrotica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FECC363E600E523C" author="Moura L. de" box="[372,574,787,814]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="26 - 32" refId="ref39727" refString="Moura L. de. A. 2010. Coronabrotica, a new genus and species of Luperini, and a key to genera of Section Phyllecthrites (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2675: 26 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2675.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">Moura, 2010: 27</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FD57363966D5523C" authority="Moura, 2010" authorityName="Moura" authorityYear="2010" box="[751,1253,787,814]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coronabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonensis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FD573639660C523C" box="[751,1084,787,813]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Coronabrotica amazonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087348000FBFF363E66D5523C" author="Moura L. de" box="[1095,1253,787,814]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="26 - 32" refId="ref39727" refString="Moura L. de. A. 2010. Coronabrotica, a new genus and species of Luperini, and a key to genera of Section Phyllecthrites (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2675: 26 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2675.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">Moura, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation).
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<heading id="04292F0D87348000FF053650631F5285" bold="true" box="[189,303,890,916]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FF053650631F5285" bold="true" box="[189,303,890,916]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="5F61986187348000FF0536836086551A" blockId="23.[188,1399,937,1035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
This genus includes a single species,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287348000FDC33683610452D3" authorityName="Moura" authorityYear="2010" box="[635,820,937,963]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coronabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonensis">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387348000FDC33683610452D3" box="[635,820,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. amazonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487348000FCFB3683619E52D2" box="[835,942,937,963]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert &amp; Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 114</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487348000FC033683661352D2" box="[955,1059,937,963]" captionStart="Figs 176–179. 176" captionStartId="92.[189,241,1770,1796]" captionTargetBox="[201,1383,273,1668]" captionTargetId="figure-85@92.[194,1393,265,1713]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Figs 176–179. 176. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibia and bristly setae on face. 177. P. variegata, anterior portion of body, showing enlarged front tibiae. 178. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010, pronotal depression. 179. C. amazonensis, pore in pronotal depression. [Figures 178 and 179 are from Moura (2010), and they are reproduced with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222571/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">178–179</figureCitation>
) from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187348000FBCD368366F052D2" box="[1141,1216,937,963]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. For comments about this genus, in conjunction with the Palearctic genus
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Reitter, 1913
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, see our explanation under
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, section
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.
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103
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Genus
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species
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This genus contains a single described species,
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FD02342361065032" bold="true" box="[698,822,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hystiopsis</emphasis>
Blake, 1966
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FF05346163075075" box="[189,311,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hystiopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087358001FE833460603D5075" author="Blake D. H." box="[315,525,330,356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="267 - 372" refId="ref35354" refString="Blake D. H. 1966 b. A review of the beetles of the genus Neobrotica and some closely related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3529): 267 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3529.267" type="journal article" year="1966">Blake, 1966b: 324</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FD1F346161A75075" box="[679,919,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Crioceris marginalis</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1801
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,by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FF0534A1631F50B4" bold="true" box="[189,303,395,421]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains 19 described species. They occur throughout much of South America. Most of them were treated in a key by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087358001FE6434F660B950E7" author="Blake D. H." box="[476,649,476,502]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="267 - 372" refId="ref35354" refString="Blake D. H. 1966 b. A review of the beetles of the genus Neobrotica and some closely related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3529): 267 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3529.267" type="journal article" year="1966">Blake (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
. See
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for a habitus illustration.
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<mods:affiliation id="FBAE5B3DECAB94C77EAA1C9142DFC6B9">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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species
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087358001FBB53181668155D4" author="Jacoby M." box="[1037,1201,1195,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref38730" refString="Jacoby M. 1887. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 497 - 584. London." type="book" year="1887">Jacoby, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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).
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This genus contains 64 described species. They occur from the southern
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through much of South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487358001FE14304A63CF546B" box="[428,511,1376,1402]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
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for keys to the species.
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<mods:title id="ACD2D55AC9CA4E7D3614CED4A0B19FC6">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAB706EC32F2B58DD1C8719D5A3941C1">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FD27308B616154AD" bold="true" box="[671,849,1441,1468]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Potamobrotica</emphasis>
Blake, 1966
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FF0530C9635C54EC" box="[189,364,1507,1533]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Potamobrotica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087358001FEC030C9606954EF" author="Blake D. H." box="[376,601,1507,1534]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="267 - 372" refId="ref35354" refString="Blake D. H. 1966 b. A review of the beetles of the genus Neobrotica and some closely related genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3529): 267 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3529.267" type="journal article" year="1966">Blake, 1966b: 351</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FCB530C9667154EC" box="[781,1089,1507,1533]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Potamobrotica trifasciata</emphasis>
Blake, 1966
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FF05336D631F5770" bold="true" box="[189,303,1607,1633]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains three described species. They occur in
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and
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. See
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for a habitus illustration.
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The Palearctic species
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FE7033F3608557E2" box="[456,693,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sermylassa halensis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1767)
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, belonging to the tribe
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Hylaspini
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087358001FAB733F362CA5606" author="Chapuis F." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. &amp; Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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, has been reported from several localities in North America, but these reports are extremely doubtful (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087358001FF7A32356352562B" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[194,354,1823,1850]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Since
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287358001FE7E323560C15628" authority="Reitter, 1913" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" box="[454,753,1823,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sermylassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FE7E3235607C5628" box="[454,588,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sermylassa</emphasis>
Reitter, 1913
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probably does not occur on the American continents, we have excluded this genus from the following key. However, if specimens were to be discovered, they would probably be keyed to couplet 107, although the inner lobes of the tarsal claws are more pointed than in many other genera with appendiculate claws. The uniformly metallic green elytra of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287358001FF053281637356D4" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" box="[189,323,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Sermylassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FF053281637356D4" box="[189,323,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sermylassa</emphasis>
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easily distinguish this genus from the two genera diagnosed in couplet 107,
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FB703281674756D4" box="[1224,1399,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Potamobrotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287358001FF5732E4600D56F9" authority="Moura, 2010" authorityName="Moura" authorityYear="2010" box="[239,573,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Coronabrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FF5732E463AB56F9" box="[239,411,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Coronabrotica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE59087358001FE1A32E5600D56F9" author="Moura L. de" box="[418,573,1998,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="26 - 32" refId="ref39727" refString="Moura L. de. A. 2010. Coronabrotica, a new genus and species of Luperini, and a key to genera of Section Phyllecthrites (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2675: 26 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2675.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">Moura, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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.
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Genus
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species
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Erichson, 1847
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FF0536F2631F52E3" bold="true" box="[189,303,984,1010]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains a single described species,
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387358001FD52312D61A55531" box="[746,917,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. geometrica</emphasis>
(Erichson, 1847)
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from
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,
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, and
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F187358001FF57310363195552" box="[239,297,1065,1091]" name="Peru" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Peru</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487358001FEDD3103638F5552" box="[357,447,1065,1091]" captionStart="Figs 91–99" captionStartId="81.[189,241,1891,1917]" captionTargetBox="[219,1365,265,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-68@81.[216,1371,265,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figs 91–99. Dorsal views. 91. Aristobrotica allardi (Jacoby, 1887). 92. Hyperbrotica ebraea (Fabricius, 1787). 93. Hystiopsis beniensis Blake, 1966. 94. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 95. Rachicephala vittatipennis (Jacoby, 1887). 96. Neobrotica variabilis Jacoby, 1887. 97. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 98. Potamobrotica trifasciata Blake, 1966, holotype. 99. Eucerotoma sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222537/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 94</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487358001FE73310360035552" box="[459,563,1065,1091]" captionStart="Figs158–163" captionStartId="89.[189,241,1925,1951]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-56@89.[203,1384,268,1885]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Figs158–163.Heads,anteriorviews.158.Gynandrobroticaventricosa(Jacoby,1878),♂.159.G.ventricosa, ♀. 160. Gynandrobrotica nigrofasciata (Jacoby, 1878), ♂. 161. Elyces?quadrimaculatus Jacoby, 1888. 162. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), ♂. 163. M. geometrica, ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222561/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">162, 163</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487358001FDF83103605E5552" box="[576,622,1065,1091]" captionStart="Figs 189–194" captionStartId="95.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,276,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-71@95.[232,1356,265,1804]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figs 189–194. Anterior portions of bodies. 189. Pyesexora sp., dorsal view. 190. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold, 1875), dorsal view. 191. Anisobrotica sp., dorsal view. 192. Megarhabda sp., dorsal view. 193. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina. 194. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1308), lateral view showing absence of lateral pronotal carina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222579/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">193</figureCitation>
, and 212.
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This genus contains 20 described species. They are all from South America. See
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Genus
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Chevrolat
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in
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Chevrolat
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Fabricius, 1801
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This genus contains 16 described species. They occur from
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through much of South America, as well as in West Indies. See
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,
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Genus
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Blake, 1966
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species
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This genus contains twelve described species. They occur from
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through much of South America. See
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,
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, and 211 for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
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for a key to most of the species.
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Olivier, 1808
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This genus contains a single described species,
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<emphasis id="6DAA447387368002FD573683615652D2" box="[751,870,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. furcata</emphasis>
(Olivier, 1808)
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from Texas and
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. See
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,
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, and 194.
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104
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Genus
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species
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This genus contains a single species,
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(Fabricius, 1787)
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, with two named subspecies. The distribution is in northern South America. The tarsal claws are bifid in males. However, the inner claw lobe on the hind leg is slightly broader than the inner lobe on the front and middle legs. Females have appendiculate tarsal claws. See
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for a habitus illustration.
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Genus
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species
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Gahan, 1891
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This genus contains 58 described species. They occur from the
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through much of South America, and in West Indies. See
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for habitus illustrations.
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Genus
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species
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This genus contains a single species,
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(
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,
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) from
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Genus
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species
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This genus contains a single species,
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. Externally, it is very similar to
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Genus
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Bechyné, 1956
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(
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species
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Bechyné, 1956
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This genus contains nine described species. They occur in
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,
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, and
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. See
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for a habitus illustration.
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107
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Genus
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(
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species
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Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020
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This genus contains a single described species,
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from
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. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487378003FB95308F66B754AE" box="[1069,1159,1445,1471]" captionStart="Figs 82–90" captionStartId="80.[189,241,1889,1915]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,268,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-77@80.[214,1373,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figs 82–90. Dorsal views. 82. Gynandrobrotica ventricosa (Jacoby, 1878). 83. Buckibrotica cinctipennis (Baly, 1886). 84. Isotes delicula (Erichson, 1847). 85. Isotes dilatata (Jacoby, 1887). 86. Isotes gemmula (Jacoby, 1887). 87. Isotes multipunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 88. Isotes sexpunctata (Jacoby, 1878). 89. Heterochele actias Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2021. 90. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222533/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 90</figureCitation>
,
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, and 207.
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Genus
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species
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, by monotypy).
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(
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species
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LeConte
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This genus includes six described species. They occur in the southwestern
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and northwestern
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. See
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and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873F800BFDB83471601C5064" box="[512,556,347,373]" captionStart="Figs 229–232. 229" captionStartId="101.[189,241,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[259,1316,269,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-71@101.[221,1349,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figs 229–232. 229. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846, lateral view, showing clubbed antenna and tuberculate elytron. 230. Cochabamba chrysopleura (Harold), 1875, lateral view, showing silky golden setae on metathorax. 231. Deinocladus sp., anterior portion of body, dorsal view, showing subequal lengths of second and third antennomeres. 232. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906, lateral view, showing elytral modification." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222607/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">232</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873F800BFB63347167435064" author="Clark S. M." box="[1243,1395,347,373]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="217 - 227" refId="ref36226" refString="Clark S. M. 2001. The western North American genus Androlyperus Crotch, 1873 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 13: 217 - 227." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark (2001)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to species. In contrast to the male modification of some species of
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, the male modification in
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is at the apicolateral angle of the elytron, rather than near the mid-length of the elytron.
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<mods:part id="786D399A9A45D9157BD6BBAF12881428">
<mods:date id="FBD9B790AC7A1C715C884973B826B6E4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D9D2CD7DB06CBE05ECD088CCBE46498A">2022-10-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="51A56FC5B65D9A0968B0EC86D4346795">842</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D77729778739800CFDEE33626004530A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7226469" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7226469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D77729778739800CFDEE33626004530A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D77729778739800CFDEE33626004530A" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" scope_class="Insecta" scope_family="Chrysomelidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Galerucinae" scope_tribe="Luperini">
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA8739800DFDEE336261EE5773" box="[598,990,1607,1634]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5F6198618739800DFDEE336261EE5773" blockId="26.[598,990,1607,1634]" box="[598,990,1607,1634]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="04292F0D8739800DFDEE336261EE5773" box="[598,990,1607,1634]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFD10336D61EE5773" ID-CoL="648BD" authority="Horn, 1893" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1893" box="[680,990,1607,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachyscelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFD10336D61605773" bold="true" box="[680,848,1607,1634]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trachyscelida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFCE0336261EE5773" author="Horn G. H." box="[856,990,1608,1634]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="57 - 136" refId="ref38344" refString="Horn G. H. 1893. The Galerucini of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 20: 57 - 136." type="journal article" year="1893">Horn, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA8739800DFF0533A363B357FB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5F6198618739800DFF0533A363B357FB" blockId="26.[189,1398,1673,1770]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7FCEBF4F8739800DFF0533A363B357FB" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE708739800DFF0533A3601A57B5" author="Horn G. H." box="[189,554,1673,1700]" page="107" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1893">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFF0533A3601A57B5" ID-CoL="648BD" authority="Horn, 1893: 107" authorityName="Horn" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="1893" box="[189,554,1673,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachyscelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFF0533A3635257B2" box="[189,354,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trachyscelida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFED133A0601A57B5" author="Horn G. H." box="[361,554,1674,1700]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="57 - 136" refId="ref38344" refString="Horn G. H. 1893. The Galerucini of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 20: 57 - 136." type="journal article" year="1893">Horn, 1893: 107</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="806526C38739800DFD8133A0605D57B5" box="[569,621,1674,1700]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFD6933A3665157B5" authority="LeConte, 1884" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1884" box="[721,1121,1673,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Agelastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFD6933A3619957B2" box="[721,937,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Agelastica bicolor</emphasis>
LeConte, 1884
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy).
<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE708739800DFF053384600457D6" author="Bechyne J." box="[189,564,1709,1736]" page="604" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1958">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFF053384600457D6" authority="Bechyne, 1958: 604" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityPageNumber="604" authorityYear="1958" box="[189,564,1709,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Racenisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFF053384631957D6" box="[189,297,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Racenisa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFE803387600457D6" author="Bechyne J." box="[312,564,1709,1736]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958: 604</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="806526C38739800DFDF4338760B057D6" box="[588,640,1709,1735]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFD4C338466EA57D9" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[756,1242,1709,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Racenisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venezuelensis">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFD4C3384662057D6" box="[756,1040,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Racenisa venezuelensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFBA7338766EA57D9" author="Bechyne J." box="[1055,1242,1709,1736]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA8739800CFF0532386004530A" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5F6198618739800DFF053238631F563D" blockId="26.[189,303,1810,1836]" box="[189,303,1810,1836]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="04292F0D8739800DFF053238631F563D" bold="true" box="[189,303,1810,1836]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFF053238631F563D" bold="true" box="[189,303,1810,1836]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F6198618739800DFF05326B60C856F8" blockId="26.[189,1399,1857,2025]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
This genus contains seven described species. They occur from the
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18739800DFC49326B66A3564A" box="[1009,1171,1857,1883]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="9D1A56838739800DFB1E326B6738564A" box="[1190,1288,1857,1883]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Arizona</collectingRegion>
) through much of South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48739800DFD90324E60BD566E" box="[552,653,1892,1919]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert &amp; Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 115</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFBBC324E66F5566E" author="Bechyne J." box="[1028,1221,1892,1919]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné (1958)</bibRefCitation>
for a key that includes most of the species.
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFDA332AD619D56B3" authority="LeConte, 1884" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1884" box="[539,941,1927,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Agelastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFDA332AD60C456B0" box="[539,756,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Agelastica bicolor</emphasis>
LeConte, 1884
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFC5632A2674156B3" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[1006,1393,1927,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Racenisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFC5632A2668756B0" box="[1006,1207,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Racenisa bicolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFB0632AD674156B3" author="Bechyne J." box="[1214,1393,1927,1954]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are both currently included in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFDA7328160F456D4" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1893" box="[543,708,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachyscelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFDA7328160F456D4" box="[543,708,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trachyscelida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We here propose
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFC253281668856D4" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[925,1208,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachyscelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroma" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFC253281668856D4" box="[925,1208,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trachyscelida dichroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F9088739800DFB783281670B56D4" box="[1216,1339,1963,1989]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFB783281670456D4" bold="true" box="[1216,1332,1963,1989]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">nom. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as a replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFE7C32E560C456F8" authority="Bechyne, 1958" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1958" box="[452,756,1998,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Racenisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFE7C32E5600A56F9" box="[452,570,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. bicolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFDF932E460C456F8" author="Bechyne J." box="[577,756,1998,2025]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="478 - 706" refId="ref34401" refString="Bechyne J. 1958. Notizen zu den neotropischen Chrysomeloidea (Col. Phytophaga). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 9: 478 - 706." type="journal article" year="1958">Bechyné, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F6198618738800CFF0534236004530A" blockId="27.[188,1400,265,539]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The Palearctic species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28738800CFE7C342361755035" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[452,837,265,292]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Agelastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alni">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738738800CFE7C342360445032" box="[452,628,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Agelastica alni</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
, belonging to the tribe
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28738800CFBF7342367415035" authority="Chapuis, 1875" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[1103,1393,265,292]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hylaspini">
Hylaspini
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908738800CFB7F342367415035" author="Chapuis F." box="[1223,1393,265,292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref35716" refString="Chapuis F. 1875. Famille LXIX. Phytophages, vol. 11. In: Lacordaire T. &amp; Chapuis F. (eds) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres: 1 - 420. La Librairie encylopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1875">Chapuis, 1875</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has been reported from eastern
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18738800CFD9F3406604F5057" box="[551,639,300,326]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the northeastern
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18738800CFCCE340666255057" box="[886,1045,300,326]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">United States</collectingCountry>
, but this species is not thought to be established in North America (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908738800CFDDB347A611E507B" author="Riley E. G. &amp; Clark S. M. &amp; Seeno T. N." box="[611,814,336,362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref40647" refString="Riley E. G., Clark S. M. &amp; Seeno T. N. 2003. Catalog of the Leaf Beetles of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, Excluding Bruchinae): 1 - 290. Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 1, Sacramento, California." type="book" year="2003">
Riley
<emphasis id="6DAA44738738800CFD15347B60D7507B" box="[685,743,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
). Since
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28738800CFC32347A66FA507B" authority="Chevrolat, 1836" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[906,1226,336,362]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Agelastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738738800CFC32347A6636507B" box="[906,1030,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Agelastica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908738800CFBB5347A66FA507B" author="Chevrolat L. A. A." box="[1037,1226,336,362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="361 - 442" refId="ref35763" refString="Chevrolat L. A. A. 1836. In: Dejean P. F. M. A. (ed.) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean, Deuxieme edition, Livraison 5: 361 - 442. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris." type="journal article" year="1836">Chevrolat, 1836</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
probably does not occur on the American continents, we have excluded this genus from the following key. However, if specimens were to be discovered, they would key to couplet 134, along with
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28738800CFBC434BC672F50A1" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1893" box="[1148,1311,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachyscelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738738800CFBC434BC672F50A1" box="[1148,1311,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Trachyscelida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which shares a similar, broadly ovate body form. The two genera are easily distinguished by the pronotal color, that of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28738800CFEAB34F763BF50E6" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[275,399,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Agelastica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738738800CFEAB34F763BF50E6" box="[275,399,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Agelastica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being concolorous with the dark elytra, while that of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28738800CFBB634F7668350E6" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1893" box="[1038,1203,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trachyscelida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738738800CFBB634F7668350E6" box="[1038,1203,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Trachyscelida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is pale, strongly contrasting with the dark elytra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

170
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<mods:title id="656F78FF4560FABD28EE717C4E53CD54">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98B9343DA124FEC36195AC5DF2D35277">Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5CA25A45CCDDBF3B0DC02681B031C68C">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7BD880FE7AC7030755CF4DBCB559480C">Clark, Shawn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D1F18F113C8F132CD1A322798F310A7">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFD2D37F6610A53E6" bold="true" box="[661,826,732,759]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trichobrotica</emphasis>
Bechyné, 1956
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE708739800DFF053634605D5229" author="Bechyne J." box="[189,621,798,825]" page="969" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1956">
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFF053634636D5229" box="[189,349,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trichobrotica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFED13634605D5229" author="Bechyne J." box="[361,621,798,825]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="969 - 1071" refId="ref34323" refString="Bechyne J. 1956 b. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Alticiden und Galeruciden. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 7 (3): 969 - 1071." type="journal article" year="1956">Bechyné, 1956b: 969</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFC9A363466D15229" authority="Jacoby, 1878" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1878" box="[802,1249,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexplagiata">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFC9A363466055229" box="[802,1077,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diabrotica sexplagiata</emphasis>
Jacoby, 1878
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, by original designation).
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFF05364F63C7526E" authority="Blake, 1958: 76" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1958" box="[189,503,869,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Iceloceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFF05364F6307526E" box="[189,311,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Iceloceras</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFE86364F63C7526E" author="Blake D. H." box="[318,503,869,896]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="59 - 101" refId="ref35186" refString="Blake D. H. 1958. A review of some galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108 (3395): 59 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3395.59" type="journal article" year="1958">Blake, 1958: 76</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFD24364F667C526E" authority="Jacoby, 1878" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1878" box="[668,1100,869,895]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexplagiata">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFD24364F619A526E" box="[668,938,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diabrotica sexplagiata</emphasis>
Jacoby, 1878
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFF05368D631F52D0" bold="true" box="[189,303,935,961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus includes 22 described species, occurring from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18739800DFC3A36FF61EC52FE" box="[898,988,981,1007]" name="Mexico" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mexico</collectingCountry>
through much of South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E48739800DFF5736D263605502" box="[239,336,1016,1043]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert &amp; Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 110</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFD0936D2617C5502" author="Blake D. H." box="[689,844,1016,1043]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="59 - 101" refId="ref35186" refString="Blake D. H. 1958. A review of some galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108 (3395): 59 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3395.59" type="journal article" year="1958">Blake (1958)</bibRefCitation>
for a key that includes some, but not all, of the species (as
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFEF1313663F15527" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1958" box="[329,449,1052,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Iceloceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFEF1313663F15527" box="[329,449,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Iceloceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Also, realize that the genus should probably be split to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFBCC313667285527" box="[1140,1304,1052,1078]" form="multiple" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="form">form multiple</taxonomicName>
genera.
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFF07311563595548" author="Blake D. H." box="[191,361,1087,1113]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="233 - 266" refId="ref35304" refString="Blake D. H. 1966 a. More new galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3528): 233 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3528.233" type="journal article" year="1966">Blake (1966a)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the species with a relatively short third antennomere might eventually be removed from the genus. Additional variability involves the elytral punctures, which are exceptionally coarse in some species, while being extremely minute in others. The different genal lengths among the species are also noteworthy. Females of some species of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFCE6318361CE55D2" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[862,1022,1193,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trichobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFCE6318361CE55D2" box="[862,1022,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trichobrotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are hardly distinguishable from females of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFEFD31E463E555F6" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1891" box="[325,469,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFEFD31E463E555F6" box="[325,469,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Luperosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A species described from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F18739800DFCA231E761AC55F6" box="[794,924,1229,1255]" name="Guatemala" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFC1331E4674155F6" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[939,1393,1229,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFC1331E466FD55F6" box="[939,1229,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Luperus albomarginatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFB6C31E7674155F6" author="Jacoby M." box="[1236,1393,1229,1255]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has most recently been classified in the genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFD4431DA66F2541B" authority="Beller &amp; Hatch, 1932" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[764,1218,1264,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFD4431DA619A541B" box="[764,938,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFC0E31DA66F2541B" author="Beller S. &amp; Hatch M. H." box="[950,1218,1264,1290]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="65 - 144" refId="ref34801" refString="Beller S. &amp; Hatch M. H. 1932. Coleoptera of Washington: Chrysomelidae. University of Washington Publications in Biology 1 (2): 65 - 144." type="journal article" year="1932">Beller &amp; Hatch, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, our examination of the
<typeStatus id="806526C38739800DFE1D303E63E8543F" box="[421,472,1300,1326]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
specimen (British Museum of Natural History) reveals that it instead belongs in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFF64301D634C5440" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[220,380,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trichobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFF64301D634C5440" box="[220,380,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trichobrotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hence, we propose a new combination,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFCD3301D67465440" authority="(Jacoby, 1888)" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[875,1398,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trichobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomarginata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFCD3301D66F15440" box="[875,1217,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Trichobrotica albomarginata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE5908739800DFB69301D675E5440" author="Jacoby M." box="[1233,1390,1335,1361]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F9088739800DFF06307063745464" box="[190,324,1370,1397]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
This species is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E28739800DFD7F3071662B5464" authority="(Jacoby, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[711,1051,1370,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trichobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nymphaea">
<emphasis id="6DAA44738739800DFD7F307161515465" box="[711,865,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. nymphaea</emphasis>
(
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)
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but differs in having a dark occiput. Perhaps, the two are synonyms, but this requires further study.
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103
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This genus contains just one described species,
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This genus contains five described species. They occur in
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and
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Genus
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Blake, 1966
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This genus contains three described species. They occur in
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. See
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and
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Genus
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species
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873A800EFF05374C631F5391" bold="true" box="[189,303,614,640]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus includes three described species. They occur in
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and Central America. See
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,
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, and 177 for habitus illustrations and morphological details. The preapical notch of the male middle tibia, characteristic of the section
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, is very small or absent in some species of this genus. The following key enables correct identification, whether or not the notch is interpreted to be present.
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, formerly included in
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, is herein transferred to
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873A800EFF05366F6350524E" box="[189,352,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trachyelytron</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873A800EFED0366C63E35271" box="[360,467,838,864]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFF053281637B56D4" box="[189,331,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Phyllecthris</emphasis>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFD693281619656D4" box="[721,934,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Galeruca dorsalis</emphasis>
Olivier, 1808
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, by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873B800FFF0532E5603456F9" ID-CoL="C27K7" authority="Dejean, 1836: 382" authorityName="Dejean" authorityPageNumber="382" authorityYear="1836" box="[189,516,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Myocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFF0532E5631556F9" box="[189,293,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Myocera</emphasis>
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(nomen nudum).
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<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA873A800EFF053423614E5089" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5F619861873A800EFF053423631F5032" blockId="25.[189,303,265,291]" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="04292F0D873A800EFF053423631F5032" bold="true" box="[189,303,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873A800EFF053423631F5032" bold="true" box="[189,303,265,291]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F619861873A800EFF05341D614E5089" blockId="25.[187,1399,311,409]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
This genus contains three described species, all from the eastern
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1873A800EFC27341D660E5040" box="[927,1086,311,337]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">United States</collectingCountry>
. Each antenna is composed of ten antennomeres in males and eleven antennomeres in females. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873A800EFC4A347066655064" box="[1010,1109,346,373]" captionStart="Figs 100–108" captionStartId="82.[189,241,1859,1885]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,269,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-76@82.[230,1358,265,1810]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figs 100–108. Dorsal views. 100. Phyllecthris dorsalis (Olivier, 1808). 101. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 102. Cyclotrypema furcata (Olivier, 1808). 103. Porechontes wilcoxi Blake, 1966. 104. Ectmesopus darlingtoni Blake, 1940. 105. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 106. Platymorpha variegata Jacoby, 1888.107. Trachyelytron smaragdipennis (Jacoby, 1888) comb. nov.108. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222539/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873A800EFF55345463B85088" author="Blake D. H." box="[237,392,382,409]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="59 - 101" refId="ref35186" refString="Blake D. H. 1958. A review of some galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108 (3395): 59 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3395.59" type="journal article" year="1958">Blake (1958)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873A800EFE783454605B5088" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[448,619,382,409]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox (1965)</bibRefCitation>
for keys to the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

117
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<mods:title id="49124C0F87A792A9D1B3C94F2CF53A34">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFDE130C060D85714" bold="true" box="[601,744,1514,1541]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Parabrotica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873B800FFD4830C0661D5715" author="Bechyne J. &amp; Bechyne B. S. de" box="[752,1069,1514,1540]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref34515" refString="Bechyne J. &amp; Bechyne B. S. de. 1961. Notas sobre Chrysomeloidea neotropicais. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Novo Serie, Zoologia 33: 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1961">Bechyné &amp; Bechyné, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFF053306637B5757" box="[189,331,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Parabrotica</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFCC23306665D5757" box="[890,1133,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Parabrotica decolor</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="DE7FBE70873B800FFF0533586076579D" author="Blake D. H." box="[189,582,1650,1676]" page="241" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1966">
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873B800FFF0533586076579D" authority="Blake, 1966 a: 241" authorityName="Blake" authorityPageNumber="241" authorityYear="1966" box="[189,582,1650,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neotrichota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFF0533586379579D" box="[189,329,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Neotrichota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873B800FFEE333586076579D" author="Blake D. H." box="[347,582,1650,1676]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="233 - 266" refId="ref35304" refString="Blake D. H. 1966 a. More new galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118 (3528): 233 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3528.233" type="journal article" year="1966">Blake, 1966a: 241</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873B800FFCB4335866E5579D" authority="Blake, 1966" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1966" box="[780,1237,1650,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neotrichota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
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Blake, 1966
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFF0533FD631F57E0" bold="true" box="[189,303,1751,1777]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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This genus contains three described species. They occur in northern South America. See
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for a habitus illustration.
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Genus
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(
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species
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, by monotypy).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFF05301E631F545F" bold="true" box="[189,303,1332,1358]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus contains four described species. They occur in
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1873B800FFC3A304961EF546C" box="[898,991,1379,1405]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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,
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, and
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. See
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,
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, and 216 for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
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for a key to species.
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This genus contains three extant species, all from
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. See
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and
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for a habitus illustration and morphological details.A fossil species is known from Dominican amber (
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Santiago-Blay
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1996
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873B800FFC97365E66EE529F" authority="Baly, 1886" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1886" box="[815,1246,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amplicornis">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFC97365E6678529F" box="[815,1096,884,910]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diabrotica amplicornis</emphasis>
Baly, 1886
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, by original designation).
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<subSubSection id="17C4CBEA873B800FFF0536F36345559A" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
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<heading id="04292F0D873B800FFF0536F3631F52E2" bold="true" box="[189,303,985,1011]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFF0536F3631F52E2" bold="true" box="[189,303,985,1011]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F619861873B800FFF05312D6345559A" blockId="24.[188,1399,1031,1163]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
This genus includes 13 described species, occurring from the southern
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1873B800FFBB1312D66985530" box="[1033,1192,1031,1057]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">United States</collectingCountry>
through much of South America. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873B800FFE12310060395555" box="[426,521,1066,1092]" captionStart="Figs 109–117" captionStartId="83.[189,241,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[244,1342,267,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-85@83.[241,1347,264,1779]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Figs 109–117. Dorsal views. 109. Parabrotica subtilis (Weise, 1921). 110. Trichobrotica sexplagiata (Jacoby, 1878). 111. Luperosoma marginatum Jacoby, 1891. 112. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño- Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020. 113. Deinocladus sp. 114. Coronabrotica amazonensis Moura, 2010 [reproduced from Moura (2010), with permission from the copyright holder, Magnolia Press]. 115. Trachyscelida venezuelensis (Bechyné, 1956). 116. Synetocephalus penrosei Gilbert &amp; Clark, 2012. 117. Geethaluperus flavofemoratus (Jacoby) comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222543/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873B800FFCDA310061CB5554" author="Blake D. H." box="[866,1019,1066,1093]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="59 - 101" refId="ref35186" refString="Blake D. H. 1958. A review of some galerucine beetles with excised middle tibiae in the male. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 108 (3395): 59 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3395.59" type="journal article" year="1958">Blake (1958)</bibRefCitation>
for a key that includes some, but not all, of the species. Females are hardly distinguishable from females of some species of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873B800FFB6D31676340559A" authority="Bechyne, 1956" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trichobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873B800FFB6D316767455576" box="[1237,1397,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trichobrotica</emphasis>
Bechyné, 1956
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="D7688BA57479B863522D13B2D5E320FB">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E1CD02F4A1AE441B49080BABFD433A4">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FDDF317A662F557B" ID-CoL="72HK" authority="Beller &amp; Hatch, 1932" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[615,1055,1104,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FDDF317A612A557A" bold="true" box="[615,794,1104,1131]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FC9A317A662F557B" author="Beller S. &amp; Hatch M. H." box="[802,1055,1104,1130]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="65 - 144" refId="ref34801" refString="Beller S. &amp; Hatch M. H. 1932. Coleoptera of Washington: Chrysomelidae. University of Washington Publications in Biology 1 (2): 65 - 144." type="journal article" year="1932">Beller &amp; Hatch, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF0531B860F555BC" ID-CoL="72HK" authority="Beller &amp; Hatch, 1932: 115" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1932" box="[189,709,1170,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF0531B8635B55BD" box="[189,363,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FEC031B860F555BC" author="Beller S. &amp; Hatch M. H." box="[376,709,1170,1197]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="65 - 144" refId="ref34801" refString="Beller S. &amp; Hatch M. H. 1932. Coleoptera of Washington: Chrysomelidae. University of Washington Publications in Biology 1 (2): 65 - 144." type="journal article" year="1932">Beller &amp; Hatch, 1932: 115</bibRefCitation>
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(
<typeStatus id="806526C3873C8008FD6231B8613E55BD" box="[730,782,1170,1196]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FCC531B8677755BD" ID-CoL="72HK" authority="Beller &amp; Hatch, 1932" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[893,1351,1170,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FCC531B8661B55BD" box="[893,1067,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FB8031B8677755BD" author="Beller S. &amp; Hatch M. H." box="[1080,1351,1170,1196]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="65 - 144" refId="ref34801" refString="Beller S. &amp; Hatch M. H. 1932. Coleoptera of Washington: Chrysomelidae. University of Washington Publications in Biology 1 (2): 65 - 144." type="journal article" year="1932">Beller &amp; Hatch, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy).
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<paragraph id="5F619861873C8008FF0531D2631F5403" blockId="31.[189,303,1272,1298]" box="[189,303,1272,1298]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="04292F0D873C8008FF0531D2631F5403" bold="true" box="[189,303,1272,1298]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="3">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF0531D2631F5403" bold="true" box="[189,303,1272,1298]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F619861873C8037FF053002616150E7" blockId="31.[187,1399,1319,2025]" lastBlockId="32.[189,1401,265,502]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
In the catalogue of
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FE1C300D60635450" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[420,595,1319,1345]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref41867" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1973. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 433 - 664. Pars 78, Fasc. 3 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1973">Wilcox (1973)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FDD9300D613F5450" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[609,783,1319,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FDD9300D613F5450" box="[609,783,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constituted a heterogeneous assemblage of all sorts of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF5B306163655474" authorityName="Chapuis" authorityYear="1875" box="[227,341,1355,1381]" pageId="31" pageNumber="64" rank="section" section="Scelidites">Scelidites</taxonomicName>
(and even a species from another section). Subsequent to that catalogue,
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FB53306163595498" author="Andrews F. G. &amp; Gilbert A. J." pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="89 - 116" refId="ref33869" refString="Andrews F. G. &amp; Gilbert A. J. 2005. A preliminary annotated checklist and evaluation of the diversity of the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Insecta Mundi 19 (1 - 2): 89 - 116." type="journal article" year="2005">Andrews &amp; Gilbert (2005)</bibRefCitation>
added one more species to the genus, transferring
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FC58304466835499" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[992,1203,1390,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FC58304466835499" box="[992,1203,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Luperodes histrio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the genus
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF0530B8630A54BD" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,314,1426,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Keitheatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF0530B8630A54BD" box="[189,314,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Keitheatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some of the species formerly included in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FCED30B8663354BD" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[853,1027,1426,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FCED30B8663354BD" box="[853,1027,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have already been transferred to other genera [
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FE3B309D60D454C1" authority="(Jacoby, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[387,740,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcostatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FE3B309D601A54C1" box="[387,554,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. subcostatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FD83309C60EB54C1" author="Jacoby M." box="[571,731,1462,1488]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FD4B309D665354C1" authority="(Jacoby, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[755,1123,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subglabratus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FD4B309D619A54C1" box="[755,938,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. subglabratus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FC02309C666954C1" author="Jacoby M." box="[954,1113,1462,1488]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FB1D309D633354E5" authority="(Jacoby, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FB1D309D673E54C1" box="[1189,1294,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. viridis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FAA6309C62CB54E5" author="Jacoby M." pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref38829" refString="Jacoby M. 1892. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Supplement to Phytophaga. Volume 6, Part 1: 313 - 348. London." type="book" year="1892">Jacoby, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FE9630F063F854E5" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1998" box="[302,456,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microscelida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FE9630F063F854E5" box="[302,456,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Microscelida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FE4430F060AA54E5" author="Clark S. M." box="[508,666,1498,1524]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref36188" refString="Clark S. M. 1998. Descriptions of new luperine genera and species from Mexico, with keys to related taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 12: 189 - 206." type="journal article" year="1998">Clark (1998)</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FD1130F161ED54E5" authority="(Crotch, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[681,989,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecontii">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FD1130F1611254E5" box="[681,802,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. lecontii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FC8D30F061E554E5" author="Crotch G. R." box="[821,981,1498,1524]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="19 - 83" refId="ref36325" refString="Crotch G. R. 1873. Materials for the study of the Phytophaga of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25: 19 - 83." type="journal article" year="1873">Crotch, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FBB230F0669054E5" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[1034,1184,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelolyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FBB230F0669054E5" box="[1034,1184,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Scelolyperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FB6C30F0674254E5" author="Clark S. M." box="[1236,1394,1498,1524]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="261 - 280" refId="ref36158" refString="Clark S. M. 1996. The genus Scelolyperus Crotch in North America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 10: 261 - 280." type="journal article" year="1996">Clark (1996)</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF0530D463DD5709" authority="Wilcox, 1965" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,493,1533,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wallacei">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF0530D463705706" box="[189,320,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. wallacei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FEF330D763DD5709" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[331,493,1533,1560]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FDA130D761655709" authority="Fall, 1910" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1910" box="[537,853,1533,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Synetocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FDA130D760FF5706" box="[537,719,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Synetocephalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FD6230D761655709" author="Fall H. C." box="[730,853,1533,1560]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="89 - 197" refId="ref37209" refString="Fall H. C. 1910. Miscellaneous notes and descriptions of North American Coleoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 36: 89 - 197." type="journal article" year="1910">Fall, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FC3F30D7664E5706" author="Riley E. G. &amp; Clark S. M. &amp; Gilbert A. J." box="[903,1150,1533,1560]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref40587" refString="Riley E. G., Clark S. M. &amp; Gilbert A. J. 2002 b. New records, nomenclatural changes, and taxonomic notes for select North American leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Insecta Mundi 15: 1 - 17. [Dated 2001, but actually published in 2002.]" type="journal article" year="2002">
Riley
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FC6930D466385706" box="[977,1032,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. (2002b)
</bibRefCitation>
]. In this publication, we transfer most of the remaining species to other genera:
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FC2A330B668A572A" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[914,1210,1569,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanellus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FC2A330B668A572A" box="[914,1210,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoluperus cyanellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FB743308670A572A" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1228,1338,1569,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FB743308670A572A" box="[1228,1338,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. histrio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF05336C6357574E" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[189,359,1605,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Amplioluperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculicollis">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF05336C6357574E" box="[189,359,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. maculicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FE32336F6007574E" authority="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[394,567,1605,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Amplioluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FE32336F6007574E" box="[394,567,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Amplioluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873C8008FD84336C60985771" box="[572,680,1606,1632]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FD08336C616D574E" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Blake" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[688,861,1605,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cornuventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FD08336C616D574E" box="[688,861,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. tuberculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FCC7336F6623574E" authority="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[895,1043,1605,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cornuventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FCC7336F6623574E" box="[895,1043,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cornuventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873C8008FBA3336C66B65771" box="[1051,1158,1606,1632]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FB37336C6768574E" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1167,1368,1605,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofemoratus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FB37336C6768574E" box="[1167,1368,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. flavofemoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF03334363585792" authority="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[187,360,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Geethaluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF03334363585792" box="[187,360,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Geethaluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873C8008FEC8334363ED5792" box="[368,477,1641,1667]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FE50334060435792" baseAuthorityName="Jacoby" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[488,627,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FE50334060435792" box="[488,627,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FD13334061075792" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[683,823,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mexiluperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FD13334061075792" box="[683,823,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. wickhami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FCE4334361DF5792" authority="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[860,1007,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Mexiluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FCE4334361DF5792" box="[860,1007,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Mexiluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873C8008FC4E334366535792" box="[1014,1123,1641,1667]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FBD6334066D95792" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Wilcox" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1134,1257,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgidus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FBD6334066D95792" box="[1134,1257,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. fulgidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FA99334067465792" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Wilcox" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1313,1398,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FA99334067465792" box="[1313,1398,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. linus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF6433A7636B57B7" authority="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[220,347,1677,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Monoaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF6433A7636B57B7" box="[220,347,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Monoaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873C8008FEDC33A763E357B6" box="[356,467,1677,1703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FE5933A760C457B6" authority="(Horn, 1893)" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[481,756,1677,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spretus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FE5933A7606357B7" box="[481,595,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. spretus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FDDA33A760DC57B6" author="Horn G. H." box="[610,748,1677,1703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="57 - 136" refId="ref38344" refString="Horn G. H. 1893. The Galerucini of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 20: 57 - 136." type="journal article" year="1893">Horn, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FC8933A7667A57B6" authority="(Horn, 1893)" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[817,1098,1677,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texanus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FC8933A7619A57B7" box="[817,938,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. texanus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FC0133A7667257B6" author="Horn G. H." box="[953,1090,1677,1703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="57 - 136" refId="ref38344" refString="Horn G. H. 1893. The Galerucini of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 20: 57 - 136." type="journal article" year="1893">Horn, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FBCC33A666CC57B7" authority="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[1140,1276,1676,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Texiluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FBCC33A666CC57B7" box="[1140,1276,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Texiluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873C8008FABB33A7674257B6" box="[1283,1394,1677,1703]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF4B339B604557DB" authority="Jacoby, 1888" authorityName="Jacoby" authorityYear="1888" box="[243,629,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF4B339B63FD57DB" box="[243,461,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. albomarginatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FE60339A604557DB" author="Jacoby M." box="[472,629,1712,1738]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref38756" refString="Jacoby M. 1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Galerucidae. Volume 6, Part 1: 585 - 625. London." type="book" year="1888">Jacoby, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FD1A339A617257DB" authorityName="Bechyne" authorityYear="1956" box="[674,834,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Trichobrotica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FD1A339A617257DB" box="[674,834,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Trichobrotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As a result of the aforementioned taxonomic changes,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FE9233FE63E857FF" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[298,472,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FE9233FE63E857FF" box="[298,472,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now contains only
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FD0633FF611657FF" box="[702,806,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakeri">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FD0633FF611657FF" box="[702,806,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. bakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[originally named in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FB9C33FE66E257FF" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[1060,1234,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FB9C33FE66E257FF" box="[1060,1234,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
],
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FB5333FF63685603" authority="(Horn, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FB5333FF674757FF" box="[1259,1399,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. decipiens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FF7D33D263605603" author="Horn G. H." box="[197,336,1784,1810]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="57 - 136" refId="ref38344" refString="Horn G. H. 1893. The Galerucini of boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 20: 57 - 136." type="journal article" year="1893">Horn, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[originally named in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FDD933D260C75603" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[609,759,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelolyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FDD933D260C75603" box="[609,759,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Scelolyperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], and
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FCFE33D366A85602" authority="(LeConte, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[838,1176,1784,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longulus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FCFE33D361FA5603" box="[838,970,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. longulus</emphasis>
(LeConte, 1857)
</taxonomicName>
[originally named in
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FF643236630C5624" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1762" box="[220,316,1820,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FF643236630C5624" box="[220,316,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Luperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. However,
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FE68323660085624" box="[464,568,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakeri">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FE68323660085624" box="[464,568,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. bakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reduced to a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FC1A323666155624" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[930,1061,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longulus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FC1A323666155624" box="[930,1061,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. longulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873C8008FBE9323167305627" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[1105,1280,1819,1846]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. Here, we agree with this synonymy and also reduce
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FD0F326A61745648" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[695,836,1855,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FD0F326A61745648" box="[695,836,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873C8008FBDA326A66D55648" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1122,1253,1855,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longulus" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873C8008FBDA326A66D55648" box="[1122,1253,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">P. longulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873C8008FB54326A6766564B" box="[1260,1366,1856,1882]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
In some male specimens of this species, the more distal antennomeres are enlarged and distinctly flattened (or even concave) on one side. In other males (especially those from the more southern part of the range) and in all females, the antennae are slender and unmodified. This difference has been employed to distinguish the putative species. However, the male antennae of some specimens are intermediate. We believe the difference to be clinal and not diagnostic of different species. We have examined the male
<typeStatus id="806526C387038037FEB9340663585057" box="[257,360,300,326]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FE293407606F5057" box="[401,607,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longulus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FE293407606F5057" box="[401,607,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Luperus longulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), the male
<typeStatus id="806526C387038037FF06346563155078" box="[190,293,335,361]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FEE23465605E5078" box="[346,622,335,361]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Scelolyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FEE23465605E5078" box="[346,622,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Scelolyperus decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), and the male
<typeStatus id="806526C387038037FE97345863A6509D" box="[303,406,370,396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FE7B3459601E509D" box="[451,558,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bakeri">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FE7B3459601E509D" box="[451,558,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">P. bakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(National Museum of Natural History,
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, DC). In all
<specimenCount id="49D853E887038037FA843458630A50BE" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
, the antennae are at least moderately enlarged. Minor differences also exist in the aedeagi, but these are not correlated with other characters, and we interpret them as mere intraspecific variability. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487038037FF5734F1636550E4" box="[239,341,475,501]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 123</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E487038037FE3634F1638A50E4" box="[398,442,475,501]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">213</figureCitation>
for illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E287038037FD2434F1617A50E4" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[668,842,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA447387038037FD2434F1617A50E4" box="[668,842,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873D8009FD1430DE6178571E" bold="true" box="[684,840,1524,1551]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Microscelida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873D8009FCF730DE61EA571F" author="Clark S. M." box="[847,986,1524,1550]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref36188" refString="Clark S. M. 1998. Descriptions of new luperine genera and species from Mexico, with keys to related taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 12: 189 - 206." type="journal article" year="1998">Clark, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873D8009FF05331D63675740" box="[189,343,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Microscelida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873D8009FEDF331D600E5743" author="Clark S. M." box="[359,574,1591,1618]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref36188" refString="Clark S. M. 1998. Descriptions of new luperine genera and species from Mexico, with keys to related taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 12: 189 - 206." type="journal article" year="1998">Clark, 1998: 195</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873D8009FD46331D66E95740" authority="Clark, 1998" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1998" box="[766,1241,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Microscelida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridipennis">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873D8009FD46331D66045740" box="[766,1076,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Microscelida viridipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873D8009FBFC331D66E95740" author="Clark S. M." box="[1092,1241,1591,1617]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref36188" refString="Clark S. M. 1998. Descriptions of new luperine genera and species from Mexico, with keys to related taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 12: 189 - 206." type="journal article" year="1998">Clark, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873D8009FF0533B5631F57A8" bold="true" box="[189,303,1695,1721]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F619861873D8009FF0533E5604A561F" blockId="30.[189,1399,1743,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
This genus includes eleven described species, all from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1873D8009FCF333E5619857F8" box="[843,936,1743,1769]" name="Mexico" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. See
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for a key to species. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873D8009FF4833DE6362561F" box="[240,338,1780,1806]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration.
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Genus
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This genus contains eight described species. Numerous undescribed species also belong here (
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873D8009FA8B3456633B50AA" author="Clark S. M." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref36082" refString="Clark S. M. 1987 b. A Revision of the Section Scelidites in the Western Hemisphere (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): 397. Ph. D. thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio." type="book" year="1987">Clark 1987b</bibRefCitation>
). They occur in
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and Central America. See
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and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873D8009FC41348B661550AA" box="[1017,1061,417,443]" captionStart="Figs 208–217" captionStartId="98.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[270,1347,278,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-77@98.[227,1360,266,1817]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Figs 208–217. Male antennae. 208. Platynocera murina Blanchard, 1846. 209. Cornubrotica dilaticornis (Baly, 1879). 210. Cerotoma arcuata (Olivier, 1791). 211. Eccoptopsis costaricensis Blake, 1966. 212. Metrobrotica geometrica (Erichson, 1847). 213. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 214. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888. 215. Iucetima minor (Bechyné, 1954). 216. Oroetes flavicollis Jacoby, 1888. 217. Deinocladus sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222593/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">214</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873D8009FE4434EF609150CE" author="Clark S. M." box="[508,673,453,479]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref36082" refString="Clark S. M. 1987 b. A Revision of the Section Scelidites in the Western Hemisphere (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): 397. Ph. D. thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio." type="book" year="1987">Clark (1987b)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species.
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Genus
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species
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This genus contains a single described species,
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) from Arizona and nearby areas of
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This genus contains two described species. They are both from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1873E800AFC0A31B1660755A4" box="[946,1079,1179,1205]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873E800AFBCE31B166E955A4" box="[1142,1241,1179,1205]" captionStart="Figs 127–135" captionStartId="85.[189,241,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-70@85.[225,1362,264,1821]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="Figs 127–135. Dorsal views. 127. Scelida nigricornis (Jacoby, 1888). 128. Androlyperus incisus Schaeffer, 1906. 129. Inbioluperus flowersi Clark, 1993. 130. Scelolyperus cyanellus (LeConte, 1865). 131. Lygistus streptophallus Wilcox, 1965. 132. Phyllobrotica limbata (Fabricius, 1801). 133. Microscelida viridipennis Clark, 1998. 134. Phyllobrotica sororia Horn, 1896. 135. Scelidacne andrewi Clark, 1998." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222549/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 129</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration. See
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873E800AFEC63197602555C6" author="Clark S. M." box="[382,533,1213,1239]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="215 - 218" refId="ref36123" refString="Clark S. M. 1993. A new genus and two new species of Luperini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Costa Rica. Insecta Mundi 7: 215 - 218." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark (1993)</bibRefCitation>
for a key to the species.
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<mods:title id="883CB7A9D8AF2F1C0FB342CAE71D845A">New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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Genus
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<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873E800AFC8F31D461E65408" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[823,982,1278,1305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 226" refId="ref41744" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1965. A synopsis of the North American Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 400: 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1965">Wilcox, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873E800AFD04301561845448" box="[700,948,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Scelolyperus blakeae</emphasis>
White, 1944
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This genus contains only a single described species,
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873E800AFC8A3085618054D9" box="[818,944,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">K. blakeae</emphasis>
(White, 1944)
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, which occurs in Texas and
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1873E800AFF5630FB637B54FA" box="[238,331,1489,1515]" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873E800AFE3D30FB63D954FD" box="[389,489,1489,1516]" captionStart="Figs 118–126" captionStartId="84.[189,241,1853,1879]" captionTargetBox="[228,1356,267,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-79@84.[227,1360,265,1816]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figs 118–126. Dorsal views. 118. Monoaster fulgidus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 119. Mexiluperus sp. 120. Amplioluperus maculicollis (LeConte, 1884) comb. nov. 121. Monoaster linus (Wilcox, 1965) comb. nov. 122. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov. 123. Pseudoluperus longulus (LeConte, 1857). 124. Triarius lividus (LeConte, 1884). 125. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944). 126. Metacoryna fulvicollis Jacoby, 1888." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222545/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 125</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873E800AFDA630FB607A54FA" box="[542,586,1489,1515]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">203</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details.
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873E800AFB1830FB675E54FA" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1184,1390,1489,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Luperodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="histrio">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873E800AFB1830FB675E54FA" box="[1184,1390,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Luperodes histrio</emphasis>
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, which was transferred to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873E800AFE5830D9606D571C" authorityName="Wilcox" authorityYear="1965" box="[480,605,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Keitheatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873E800AFE5830D9606D571C" box="[480,605,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Keitheatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873E800AFD3030D96102571F" author="Wilcox J. A." box="[648,818,1523,1550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref41867" refString="Wilcox J. A. 1973. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae. Luperini: Luperina. Coleopterorum Catalogus, Supplementa: 433 - 664. Pars 78, Fasc. 3 (Editio seconda). W. Junk, ' s-Gravenhage." type="book" year="1973">Wilcox (1973)</bibRefCitation>
and later to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873E800AFC0730D9665D571C" authorityName="Beller &amp; Hatch" authorityYear="1932" box="[959,1133,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudoluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873E800AFC0730D9665D571C" box="[959,1133,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pseudoluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873E800AFB2E30D9633D5720" author="Andrews F. G. &amp; Gilbert A. J." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="89 - 116" refId="ref33869" refString="Andrews F. G. &amp; Gilbert A. J. 2005. A preliminary annotated checklist and evaluation of the diversity of the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Insecta Mundi 19 (1 - 2): 89 - 116." type="journal article" year="2005">Andrews &amp; Gilbert (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, is here transferred to
<taxonomicName id="98DEE3E2873E800AFDAB333C60F05721" authority="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2022" authorityName="Viswajyothi &amp; Clark" authorityYear="2022" box="[531,704,1558,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Amplioluperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="6DAA4473873E800AFDAB333C60F05721" box="[531,704,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Amplioluperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7699F908873E800AFD7F333D61025720" box="[711,818,1559,1585]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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117
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<mods:affiliation id="CE7EFEBE4F81A375703DA4520EE4543E">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. &amp; Kerala Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695522, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A1C872564C0165C8BC63CF915920EF1C">Clark, Shawn M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54118612C283127196F25CB841D0F119">Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B058DDE9AAF3F2C063FBDCB265E362A0">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1A98D5C01F0D2BC02B1BA09941DD2E6A">2022</mods:date>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873F800BFD94372C60FC5330" bold="true" box="[556,716,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Carpiradialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873F800BFD6B372C666A5330" author="Nino-Maldonado S. &amp; Clark S. M." box="[723,1114,518,545]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="563 - 571" refId="ref40178" refString="Nino-Maldonado S. &amp; Clark S. M. 2020 a. Carpiradialis, new genus, and two new species from Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 563 - 571. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 74.3.563" type="journal article" year="2020">Niño-Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020a</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873F800BFF053762636D5373" box="[189,349,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Carpiradialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873F800BFED2376261745372" author="Nino-Maldonado S. &amp; Clark S. M." box="[362,836,584,611]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="563 - 571" refId="ref40178" refString="Nino-Maldonado S. &amp; Clark S. M. 2020 a. Carpiradialis, new genus, and two new species from Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 563 - 571. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 74.3.563" type="journal article" year="2020">Niño-Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020a: 564</bibRefCitation>
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(
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species
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NiñoMaldonado &amp; Clark, 2020
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, by original designation).
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873F800BFF053787631F53D6" bold="true" box="[189,303,685,711]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks</emphasis>
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This genus includes two described species, both from
<collectingCountry id="27C9D8F1873F800BFCE037F6618553E7" box="[856,949,732,758]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. See
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and
<figureCitation id="C7E584E4873F800BFB1C37F666E053E7" box="[1188,1232,732,758]" captionStart="Figs 201–207. 201" captionStartId="97.[189,241,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,277,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-132@97.[280,1307,267,1674]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Figs 201–207. 201. Cornuventer tuberculatus (Blake, 1942) comb. nov., abdomen, ventral view, showing paired abdominal appendages. 202. Leptonesiotes cyanospila (Suffrian, 1867), posterior portion of body, ventral view, showing enlarged hind femur and preapically notched middle tibia. 203. Keitheatus blakeae (White, 1944), ventral view showing flattened hind basitarsi. 204. Brucita sp., distal portion of male front leg, showing small tubercle at base of basitarsus. 205. Aristobrotica?belemea (Gahan, 1891), middle leg of male, showing clasping organ. 206. Carpiradialis pueblensis Niño-Maldonado &amp; Clark, 2020, hind leg of male, showing modified distal portion of tibia. 207. Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020, anterior portion of body, lateral view, showing enlarged forefemur and spine on front trochanter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7222587/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">206</figureCitation>
for a habitus illustration and morphological details. The diagnostic key to the genera of
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by
<bibRefCitation id="3B4FE590873F800BFB6637D56747520B" author="Clark S. M." box="[1246,1399,767,794]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="189 - 206" refId="ref36188" refString="Clark S. M. 1998. Descriptions of new luperine genera and species from Mexico, with keys to related taxa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). Insecta Mundi 12: 189 - 206." type="journal article" year="1998">Clark (1998)</bibRefCitation>
emphasized the presence or absence of a bead along the posterior margin of the pronotum. However, this character varies in
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873F800BFE20366C60085271" box="[408,568,838,864]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Carpiradialis</emphasis>
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, being very fine yet discernable in one species and missing in the other. Even so, we believe that the two species are closely related and should be classified in the same genus. See
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for a key to the species of
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<emphasis id="6DAA4473873F800BFC0636A7666E52B6" box="[958,1118,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Carpiradialis</emphasis>
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.
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