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<document id="3309B8F2AAFE874E4DCB1F28FFDC730E" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930110097653" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747603" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1620673415485" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Merino, S., Peirce, M. A., Fernández, M. &amp; Lanzarot, P." docDate="2002" docId="1301765974383044FF76FDC3FC9B31B6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.36.1635-1638.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 36 (14)" docSource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930110097653" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="B3570C21952C5CF44265488F0CE432D6" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Babesia moshkovskii" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1638" masterDocId="EF380E21743A3040FFFAFF9FFE723365" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Babesia moshkovskii (Schurenkova) from the griVon vulture Gyps fulvus (Hablizl)" masterLastPageNumber="1638" masterPageNumber="1635" pageNumber="1636" updateTime="1744807872034" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0F2E57AC3145947DB4F1BB956FAF2AA4">Redescription of Babesia moshkovskii (Schurenkova) from the griVon vulture Gyps fulvus (Hablizl)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E430D570351EB7DD23D5F17B81B900FF">Merino, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6E522E83F5E50811BCD6745F8399740">Peirce, M. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88B3BA43EC4327E72314079A53054FB9">Fernández, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6EB396510FA5E2F0C1015D57BCE7952">Lanzarot, P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B117523DBA8E2FBAA74B917889A88D4C">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C258142DF2525D715766EC56DCB75951">2002</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="21CE0C12476E54CB7BCAAB0A13D3B297" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="34604C16E9CF33D0FA6D3A9D11917605">2010-12-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="2CD4FC5E9DB70A082D89EAC7FDCD66B6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E343BCDB5C2BD6B7FA59D12B59FC1016">36</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3548CFC0E8AADB2CD55D413780988AA9">1635</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="8206E1E5877D046A533DED127D0A11D1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="37BB892D0487FAC50D965285546C565A" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930110097653</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8ECB80B5008C0AE8A7320A62BFE3BEE4" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4157E257006BB5B9DE991D309A3C3CC7" type="Zenodo-Dep">4747603</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1301765974383044FF76FDC3FC9B31B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1301765974383044FF76FDC3FC9B31B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1301765974383044FF76FDC3FC9B31B6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1638" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<subSubSection id="D3B294C474383042FF76FDC3FC423111" box="[140,560,604,628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF76FDC3FC423111" blockId="2.[140,1095,604,1362]" box="[140,560,604,628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF76FDC3FC423111" box="[140,560,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
Redescription of
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74383042FEB0FDC3FC423111" box="[330,560,604,628]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovskii">Babesia moshkovskii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3B294C474383042FF49FDE2FA7631F6" box="[179,1028,636,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF49FDE2FA7631F6" blockId="2.[140,1095,604,1362]" box="[179,1028,636,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF49FDE2FF7F31F1" box="[179,269,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Parasite</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74383042FEE4FDE3FC8C31F1" authority="(Schurenkova, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Schurenkova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[286,766,636,660]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovskii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FEE4FDE3FC7631F1" box="[286,516,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Babesia moshkovskii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74383042FDEFFDE3FC8331F1" author="SCHURENKOVA, A." box="[533,753,636,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" pagination="932 - 937" refId="ref1862" refString="SCHURENKOVA, A., 1938, Sogdaniella moshkovskii gen. nov. sp. nov.; a parasite belonging to the Piroplasmidea in a raptorial bird Gypaetus barbatus L., Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya I Parazitarnye Bolezni, 7, 932 - 937 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1938">Schurenkova, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74383042FCF7FDE3FD8E31F1" author="LAIRD, M. &amp; LARI, F. A." box="[781,1020,636,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" pagination="783 - 795" refId="ref1654" refString="LAIRD, M. and LARI, F. A., 1957, The avian blood parasite Babesia moshkovskii (Schurenkova, 1938), with a record from Corvus splendens Viellot in Pakistan, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 35, 783 - 795." type="journal article" year="1957">Laird and Lari, 1957</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3B294C474383042FF49FD02FFAE31B6" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF49FD02FC5131D6" blockId="2.[140,1095,604,1362]" box="[179,547,668,692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF49FD02FF5331D1" box="[179,289,668,692]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<typeStatus id="441379ED74383042FF49FD02FE9831D1" box="[179,234,669,692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Type</typeStatus>
host
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74383042FEC8FD03FC7331D1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[306,513,668,692]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Gypaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FEC8FD03FC7331D1" box="[306,513,668,692]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Gypaetus barbatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF49FD22FFAE31B6" blockId="2.[140,1095,604,1362]" box="[179,476,700,724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF49FD22FF3431B1" box="[179,326,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<typeStatus id="441379ED74383042FF49FD22FE9931B1" box="[179,235,701,724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="E3BF87DF74383042FEACFD23FFA631B1" box="[342,468,700,724]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Tadjikistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3B294C474383042FF49FD43FCF630F6" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF49FD43FA713056" blockId="2.[140,1095,604,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<materialsCitation id="2BC0CD1274383042FF49FD43FA713056" collectingDate="2000-11-16" collectionCode="IRCAH" collectorName="Lanzarot" country="Spain" location="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" specimenCode="G463660" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neohapantotype">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF49FD43FF143191" box="[179,358,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<typeStatus id="441379ED74383042FF49FD43FF143191" box="[179,358,732,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Neohapantotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. From
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74383042FE46FD43FCD93191" authority="(Hablizl)" baseAuthorityName="Hablizl" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[444,683,732,756]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Gyps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FE46FD43FC4B3191" box="[444,569,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Gyps fulvus</emphasis>
(Hablizl)
</taxonomicName>
coll.
<collectorName id="365DA29974383042FD1CFD43FD3C3196" box="[742,846,732,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Lanzarot</collectorName>
(
<date id="EF16E18F74383042FC9AFD43FA413191" box="[864,1075,732,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" value="2000-11-16">
<collectingDate id="FF52186774383042FC9AFD43FA413191" box="[864,1075,732,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" value="2000-11-16">16 November 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
), central
<collectingCountry id="E3BF87DF74383042FF15FD64FF5D3076" box="[239,303,763,787]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Spain</collectingCountry>
. Deposited in the International Reference Centre for Avian Haematozoa, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia (
<collectionCode id="FDB95F8A74383042FCE5FC84FD083056" box="[799,890,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">IRCAH</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="CB0E6F3474383042FC71FC84FD823056" box="[907,1008,795,819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">G463660</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF49FCA4FCF630F6" blockId="2.[140,1095,604,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<materialsCitation id="2BC0CD1274383042FF49FCA4FCF230F6" collectingDate="2000-11-16" collectionCode="MNCN" collectorName="Lanzarot" country="Spain" location="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paraneohapantotype">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF49FCA4FFE73036" box="[179,405,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<typeStatus id="441379ED74383042FF49FCA4FFE73036" box="[179,405,827,851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Paraneohapantotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. From
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74383042FE00FCA4FCF23036" baseAuthorityName="Hablizl" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[506,640,827,851]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Gyps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FE00FCA4FCF23036" box="[506,640,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Gyps fulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
coll.
<collectorName id="365DA29974383042FD37FCA3FD473036" box="[717,821,828,851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Lanzarot</collectorName>
(
<date id="EF16E18F74383042FCB5FCA4FA413036" box="[847,1075,827,851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" value="2000-11-16">
<collectingDate id="FF52186774383042FCB5FCA4FA413036" box="[847,1075,827,851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" value="2000-11-16">16 November 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
), central
<collectingCountry id="E3BF87DF74383042FF1FFCC4FF573016" box="[229,293,859,883]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Spain</collectingCountry>
. Deposited in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain (accession number
<collectionCode id="FDB95F8A74383042FE4AFCE4FC7B30F6" box="[432,521,891,915]" collectionName="MNCN" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">MNCN</collectionCode>
35.02/18)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3B294C474383042FF49FC04FC793634" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" type="description">
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF49FC04FC793634" blockId="2.[140,1095,604,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF49FC04FF3A30D6" box="[179,328,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Redescription</emphasis>
. The smallest forms are round to ovoid in shape with small amounts of chromatin located peripherally and with a clear cytoplasm measuring 1.51 SD
<geoCoordinate id="FE9CA18874383042FF76FC45FEA13097" box="[140,211,986,1010]" degrees="0.23" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" precision="555" value="-0.23">
0.23
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF47FC41FEA13097" bold="true" box="[189,211,990,1010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">x</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
1.44 SD 0.20 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FE5CFC44FFC83097" box="[422,442,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">N</emphasis>
=9) (fi gure la). As the parasites grow they may become amoeboid tetrads with four distinct chromatin masses on one side measuring 2.50 SD
<geoCoordinate id="FE9CA18874383042FF76FB85FEA13757" box="[140,211,1050,1074]" degrees="0.37" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" precision="555" value="-0.37">
0.37
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF47FB81FEA13757" bold="true" box="[189,211,1054,1074]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">x</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
2.08 SD 0.36 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FE5CFB84FFC83757" box="[422,442,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">N</emphasis>
=23) (fi gure lb, f). These are schizont precursors. Other forms commonly seen are ovoid or amoeboid in shape, large and with chromatin in stranded shapes within the cytoplasm (fi gure 1e, f), these measure up to 1.73 SD
<geoCoordinate id="FE9CA18874383042FF76FBE5FEA137F4" box="[140,211,1146,1170]" degrees="0.29" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" precision="555" value="-0.29">
0.29
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF47FBE2FEA137F4" bold="true" box="[189,211,1149,1169]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">x</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
2.11 SD 0.34 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FE55FBE4FFB137F7" box="[431,451,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">N</emphasis>
=14) in size. Schizonts produce four merozoites in a cruciform shape which is generally presented as two opposing pairs (fi gure 1c) rather than the more common equal angled Maltese-cross formation seen in other avian
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74383042FF76FB45FF683794" box="[140,282,1242,1266]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF76FB45FE903797" box="[140,226,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Babesia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
The merozoites measure 1.27 SD
<geoCoordinate id="FE9CA18874383042FD5CFB45FC9C3794" box="[678,750,1242,1266]" degrees="0.45" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" precision="555" value="-0.45">
0.45
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FD22FB42FC9C3794" bold="true" box="[728,750,1245,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">x</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
0.56 SD 0.10 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FC45FB44FDA13797" box="[959,979,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">N</emphasis>
=31) and the overall size of the schizonts is 3.32 SD
<geoCoordinate id="FE9CA18874383042FD66FB65FC913674" box="[668,739,1274,1298]" degrees="0.82" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" precision="555" value="-0.82">
0.82
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FD37FB62FC913674" bold="true" box="[717,739,1277,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">x</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
2.81 SD 0.94 Mm (
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FC45FB64FDA13677" box="[959,979,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">N</emphasis>
=7). The nucleus in merozoites occupies a proximal position. Schizonts producing only three merozoites (fi gure 1d) also occur.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3B294C474383044FF76FAE5FC9B31B6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1638" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF76FAE5FF7236F7" blockId="2.[140,256,1402,1426]" box="[140,256,1402,1426]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<heading id="C05F702374383042FF76FAE5FF7236F7" box="[140,256,1402,1426]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FF76FAE5FF7236F7" bold="true" box="[140,256,1402,1426]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383042FF49FA06FF9D35F5" blockId="2.[140,1095,1433,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
The illustrations in the original description of
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74383042FD12FA05FEBE36B4" authority="(Schurenkova, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Schurenkova" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovskii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FD12FA05FDE636D4" box="[744,916,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">B. moshkovskii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74383042FC53FA06FEB336B4" author="SCHURENKOVA, A." pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" pagination="932 - 937" refId="ref1862" refString="SCHURENKOVA, A., 1938, Sogdaniella moshkovskii gen. nov. sp. nov.; a parasite belonging to the Piroplasmidea in a raptorial bird Gypaetus barbatus L., Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya I Parazitarnye Bolezni, 7, 932 - 937 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1938">Schurenkova, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
correspond accurately with those seen in
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74383042FD30FA26FD4236B4" baseAuthorityName="Hablizl" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[714,816,1465,1489]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Gyps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74383042FD30FA26FD4236B4" box="[714,816,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">G. fulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Attempts to trace the original
<typeStatus id="441379ED74383042FF10FA46FF683694" box="[234,282,1497,1521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">type</typeStatus>
material in
<collectingCountry id="E3BF87DF74383042FE58FA47FF9C3695" box="[418,494,1496,1520]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">Russia</collectingCountry>
failed to locate any slides (M.A.P.) and it is assumed that the material is lost. Therefore neohapantotyp e material is desirable (
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74383042FC01FA67FEB33555" author="PEIRCE, M. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" pagination="317 - 332" refId="ref1784" refString="PEIRCE, M. A., 2000, A taxonomic review of avian piroplasms of the genus Babesia Starcovici, 1893 (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmorida: Babesiidae), Journal of Natural History, 34, 317 - 332." type="journal article" year="2000">Peirce, 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and that from the present study fi lls this gap. It would not be acceptable to use material for taxonomic purposes derived from blood collected into anticoagulan t (
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74383042FF6CF9C7FF533515" author="PEIRCE, M. A." box="[150,289,1624,1648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" pagination="317 - 332" refId="ref1784" refString="PEIRCE, M. A., 2000, A taxonomic review of avian piroplasms of the genus Babesia Starcovici, 1893 (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmorida: Babesiidae), Journal of Natural History, 34, 317 - 332." type="journal article" year="2000">Peirce, 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and for this reason only smears prepared directly from fresh blood were used in the present study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74383043FF49F907FC003695" blockId="2.[140,1095,1433,1712]" lastBlockId="3.[140,1095,1305,1712]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="1637" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636">
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74383042FF49F907FFEA35D5" author="SCHURENKOVA, A." box="[179,408,1688,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1636" pagination="932 - 937" refId="ref1862" refString="SCHURENKOVA, A., 1938, Sogdaniella moshkovskii gen. nov. sp. nov.; a parasite belonging to the Piroplasmidea in a raptorial bird Gypaetus barbatus L., Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya I Parazitarnye Bolezni, 7, 932 - 937 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1938">Schurenkova (1938)</bibRefCitation>
also described what she referred to as schizonts in leucocytes, and illustrated them in the original description.
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74393043FD45FA86FDB13654" author="LAIRD, M. &amp; LARI, F. A." box="[703,963,1305,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" pagination="783 - 795" refId="ref1654" refString="LAIRD, M. and LARI, F. A., 1957, The avian blood parasite Babesia moshkovskii (Schurenkova, 1938), with a record from Corvus splendens Viellot in Pakistan, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 35, 783 - 795." type="journal article" year="1957">Laird and Lari (1957)</bibRefCitation>
considered these to be concentrations of phagocytose d chromatin; a view subsequently endorsed by
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74393043FF4AFAC6FF3A3614" author="PEIRCE, M. A." box="[176,328,1369,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" pagination="317 - 332" refId="ref1784" refString="PEIRCE, M. A., 2000, A taxonomic review of avian piroplasms of the genus Babesia Starcovici, 1893 (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmorida: Babesiidae), Journal of Natural History, 34, 317 - 332." type="journal article" year="2000">Peirce (2000)</bibRefCitation>
on the grounds that species of
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FD49FAC6FD7B3614" authorityName="Starcovici" authorityYear="1893" box="[691,777,1369,1393]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FD49FAC6FD7B3614" box="[691,777,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">Babesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not have such schizonts and no similar inclusions had been observed in other avian species infected with
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FF76FA06FE9036D4" authorityName="Starcovici" authorityYear="1893" box="[140,226,1433,1457]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FF76FA06FE9036D4" box="[140,226,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">Babesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and examined post-mortem. None of the slides from
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FCA9FA06FDC436D4" baseAuthorityName="Hablizl" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[851,950,1433,1457]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Gyps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FCA9FA06FDC436D4" box="[851,950,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">G. fulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed any such inclusions in leucocytes and it is concluded that those seen by
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74393043FC49FA26FEA43695" author="SCHURENKOVA, A." pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" pagination="932 - 937" refId="ref1862" refString="SCHURENKOVA, A., 1938, Sogdaniella moshkovskii gen. nov. sp. nov.; a parasite belonging to the Piroplasmidea in a raptorial bird Gypaetus barbatus L., Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya I Parazitarnye Bolezni, 7, 932 - 937 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1938">Schurenkova (1938)</bibRefCitation>
were not related to
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FE39FA46FC183695" box="[451,618,1496,1520]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovskii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FE39FA46FC183695" box="[451,618,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">B. moshkovskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CFD797C774393043FF76FBF1FD4C37B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747605/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" startId="3.[140,156,1134,1155]" targetBox="[142,1092,158,1105]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74393043FF76FBF1FD4C37B6" blockId="3.[140,1095,1133,1235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">
FIG. 1.
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FF1DFBF2FFCB37E6" box="[231,441,1133,1155]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovskii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FF1DFBF2FFCB37E6" box="[231,441,1133,1155]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">Babesia moshkovskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FDFBFBF2FC0A37E6" baseAuthorityName="Hablizl" baseAuthorityYear="1783" box="[513,632,1133,1155]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Gyps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FDFBFBF2FC0A37E6" box="[513,632,1133,1155]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">Gyps fulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: (a) small ring form; (b) larger ring form; (c) cruciform schizont with four merozoites; (d) schizont with three merozoites; (e) amoeboid schizont precursor; (f) larger amoeboid form. For scale magni fi cation note that a vulture erythrocyte averages 12.07 Mm in length.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74393043FF49FA67FCBD35F5" blockId="3.[140,1095,1305,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">
Comparison between
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FE4BFA66FC2E3575" box="[433,604,1528,1552]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovskii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FE4BFA66FC2E3575" box="[433,604,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">B. moshkovskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FD66FA66FD8B3575" authority="(Mohammed, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Mohammed" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[668,1017,1528,1552]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="shortii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FD66FA66FD773575" box="[668,773,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">B. shortii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE74393043FCE6FA67FD9F3575" author="MOHAMMED, A. H. H." box="[796,1005,1528,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" pagination="77 - 104" refId="ref1744" refString="MOHAMMED, A. H. H., 1958, S ystematic and Experimental Studies on Protozoal Blood Parasites of Egyptian Birds, Part 1 (Cairo: Cairo University Press), pp. 77 - 104." type="book chapter" year="1958">Mohammed, 1958</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
which infects the closely related family
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FDE3F987FCE43555" box="[537,662,1560,1584]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Falconidae</taxonomicName>
clearly show distinct morphological differences and measurements and further support the view that avian species of
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FF76F9C7FE903515" authorityName="Starcovici" authorityYear="1893" box="[140,226,1624,1648]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FF76F9C7FE903515" box="[140,226,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">Babesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are host-speci fi c at least to the family level.
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FD37F9C7FDC23515" box="[717,944,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FD37F9C7FDD53515" box="[717,935,1624,1648]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovski">Babesia moshkovski</taxonomicName>
i
</emphasis>
is considered to occur throughout the range of the
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FDC7F9E7FCB535F5" box="[573,711,1656,1680]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Accipitridae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B17C74F74393044FF49F907FFD63270" blockId="3.[140,1095,1305,1712]" lastBlockId="4.[140,1095,158,724]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1638" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">
The vector of
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC74393043FEABF906FF8A35D5" box="[337,504,1688,1712]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovskii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D74393043FEABF906FF8A35D5" box="[337,504,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="1637">B. moshkovskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently unknown but is most probably a species of ixodid tick. During the current study
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC743E3044FD8BFF01FCAB33D3" baseAuthorityName="Mohammed" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[625,729,158,182]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="shortii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D743E3044FD8BFF01FCAB33D3" box="[625,729,158,182]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">B. shortii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC743E3044FC77FF01FE9B33B3" authority="Tunstall" authorityName="Tunstall" authorityYear="1771" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Falco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D743E3044FC77FF01FA3433D0" box="[909,1094,158,182]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">Falco peregrinus</emphasis>
Tunstall
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="596C09AD743E3044FECCFF21FFF933B3" box="[310,395,190,214]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">Madrid</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E3BF87DF743E3044FE64FF21FFAC33B3" box="[414,478,190,214]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">Spain</collectingCountry>
(slide MNCN 35.02/3, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales,
<collectingRegion id="596C09AD743E3044FEF6FF42FF103390" box="[268,354,221,245]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">Madrid</collectingRegion>
). This brings to six the number of species recorded as hosts of
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC743E3044FF76FF61FFED3270" authority="(Peirce, 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Peirce" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[140,415,253,277]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="shortii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D743E3044FF76FF61FE803270" box="[140,242,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">B. shortii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE743E3044FEF2FF62FFE33270" author="PEIRCE, M. A." box="[264,401,253,277]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" pagination="317 - 332" refId="ref1784" refString="PEIRCE, M. A., 2000, A taxonomic review of avian piroplasms of the genus Babesia Starcovici, 1893 (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmorida: Babesiidae), Journal of Natural History, 34, 317 - 332." type="journal article" year="2000">Peirce, 2000</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B17C74F743E3044FF49FE82FDAD3291" blockId="4.[140,1095,158,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC743E3044FF49FE82FF313250" box="[179,323,285,309]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D743E3044FF49FE82FF7B3250" box="[179,265,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">Babesia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
are frequently reported from young undernourished birds both in
<collectingCountry id="E3BF87DF743E3044FF76FEA2FEBE3230" box="[140,204,317,341]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE743E3044FF19FEA2FF0D3230" author="MERINO, S." box="[227,383,317,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" pagination="422 - 424" refId="ref1701" refString="MERINO, S., 1998, Babesia bennetti sp. nov., from the yellow-legged gull (Larus cachinnans, Aves, Laridae) in Benidorm Island, Mediterranean sea, Journal of Parasitology, 84, 422 - 424." type="journal article" year="1998">Merino, 1998</bibRefCitation>
) and other countries (see
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE743E3044FD46FEA2FD3A3230" author="PEIRCE, M. A." box="[700,840,317,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" pagination="317 - 332" refId="ref1784" refString="PEIRCE, M. A., 2000, A taxonomic review of avian piroplasms of the genus Babesia Starcovici, 1893 (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmorida: Babesiidae), Journal of Natural History, 34, 317 - 332." type="journal article" year="2000">Peirce, 2000</bibRefCitation>
); thus the parasite is most likely transmitted at the nest by ixodid ticks. Infection in adult birds may be concomitant with other disease agents (
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE743E3044FD9CFEE2FDE332F0" author="SAMOUR, J. H. &amp; PEIRCE, M. A." box="[614,913,381,405]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" pagination="167 - 168" refId="ref1825" refString="SAMOUR, J. H. and PEIRCE, M. A., 1996, Babesia shortti infection in a saker falcon (Falco cherrug), Veterinary Record, 139, 167 - 168." type="journal article" year="1996">Samour and Peirce, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE743E3044FC5CFEE2FEB332D1" author="BLANCO, G. &amp; MERINO, S. &amp; TELLA, J. L. &amp; FARGALLO, J. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" pagination="642 - 645" refId="ref1551" refString="BLANCO, G., MERINO, S., TELLA, J. L., FARGALLO, J. A. and GAJO A N, A., 1997, Hematozoa in two populations of the threatened red-billed chough in Spain, Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 33, 642 - 645." type="journal article" year="1997">
Blanco
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D743E3044FBF9FEE1FA3232F0" box="[1027,1088,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997
</bibRefCitation>
). Surprisingly, a recent report from the same study area did not fi nd any haematozoa in griffon vultures (
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE743E3044FDFCFE23FC9332B1" author="BLANCO, G. &amp; DOVAL, G. &amp; MARTI A NEZ, F." box="[518,737,444,468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" pagination="640 - 643" refId="ref1607" refString="BLANCO, G., GAJO A N, A., DOVAL, G. and MARTI A NEZ, F., 1998, Absence of blood parasites in GriVon vultures from Spain, Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 34, 640 - 643." type="journal article" year="1998">
Blanco
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D743E3044FD9AFE22FCE932B1" box="[608,667,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998
</bibRefCitation>
) even though the young birds sampled exhibited similar clinical conditions to those in the present study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B17C74F743E3044FF49FE63FC9B31B6" blockId="4.[140,1095,158,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">
There are currently a number of reintroduction programmes for griffon vultures from
<collectingCountry id="E3BF87DF743E3044FF30FD83FF783151" box="[202,266,540,564]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">Spain</collectingCountry>
into several other European countries. We are unaware of the quarantine and screening control guidelines followed in such cases, but the potential pathogenicity of
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC743E3044FEF4FDC2FFC53111" box="[270,439,604,628]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="moshkovskii">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D743E3044FEF4FDC2FFC53111" box="[270,439,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">B. moshkovskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would appear to be similar to that of some other avian
<taxonomicName id="5CA8BCCC743E3044FF76FDE3FF6F31F6" box="[140,285,636,660]" class="Aconoidasida" family="Babesiidae" genus="Babesia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Piroplasmorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" phylum="Apicomplexa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="A9DC1B5D743E3044FF76FDE3FE9031F1" box="[140,226,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638">Babesia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF39BABE743E3044FEC8FDE3FC2D31F1" author="SAMOUR, J. H. &amp; PEIRCE, M. A." box="[306,607,636,660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1638" pagination="167 - 168" refId="ref1825" refString="SAMOUR, J. H. and PEIRCE, M. A., 1996, Babesia shortti infection in a saker falcon (Falco cherrug), Veterinary Record, 139, 167 - 168." type="journal article" year="1996">Samour and Peirce, 1996</bibRefCitation>
) and therefore clearly indicates that the disease status of vultures should be carefully monitored prior to translocation and if necessary appropriate chemotherapy administered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>