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<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE87C1E0B5EFFBFC" box="[370,456,1013,1039]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionStartId-1="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionStartId-2="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionStartId-3="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionStartId-4="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetBox-2="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetBox-4="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId-0="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetId-1="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetId-2="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetId-3="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetId-4="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Figs 2-6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE87C1E0B5EFFBFC" box="[370,456,1013,1039]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionStartId-1="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionStartId-2="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionStartId-3="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionStartId-4="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetBox-2="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetBox-4="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId-0="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetId-1="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetId-2="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetId-3="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetId-4="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525888" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525894" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14525888/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14525894/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Figs 2-6</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE23C1E0B63DFBFC" box="[470,538,1013,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">7A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE23C1E0B63DFBFC" box="[470,538,1013,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525896/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">7A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F686B8EDFFABFFDBFF71C63BB725FB43" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFF71C63BB725FB43" blockId="5.[130,775,1070,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
MATERIAL. —
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFEEEC63BB668FBB5" box="[283,591,1070,1094]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFEEEC63BB668FBB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772303" box="[283,591,1070,1094]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
Two frontals,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFE52C63BB635FBB5" box="[423,530,1070,1094]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882</specimenCode>
|
||||
/1 and
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFDA2C63BB681FBB5" box="[599,678,1070,1094]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="5882/2" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFDA2C63BB681FBB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772304" box="[599,678,1070,1094]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="5882/2" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFDA2C63BB685FBB5" box="[599,674,1070,1094]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">5882/2</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD5BC63BB543FB93" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/3" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD5BC63BB543FB93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772307" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/3" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
two dentaries,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFF36C65CB51CFB93" box="[195,315,1096,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/3</specimenCode>
|
||||
and
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE9FC65DB59FFB93" box="[362,440,1096,1120]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="5882/4" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE9FC65DB59FFB93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772301" box="[362,440,1096,1120]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="5882/4" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFE9FC65DB592FB93" box="[362,437,1096,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">5882/4</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE4BC65CB6F8FB93" box="[446,735,1096,1120]" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/5" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE4BC65CB6F8FB93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772306" box="[446,735,1096,1120]" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/5" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
one prearticular,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFD97C65CB6FCFB93" box="[610,731,1096,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/5</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD10C65DB598FB88" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/6-10" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD10C65DB598FB88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772302" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/6-10" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
five trunk vertebrae,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFED7C676B59CFB88" box="[290,443,1123,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/6-10</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE36C676B69FFB88" box="[451,696,1123,1147]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/11" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE36C676B69FFB88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772305" box="[451,696,1123,1147]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/11" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
one femur,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFDDAC676B693FB88" box="[559,692,1123,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/11</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD48C676B6D9FB43" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/12" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD48C676B6D9FB43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772308" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/12" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
one rib,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFF76C66BB523FB66" box="[131,260,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/12</specimenCode>
|
||||
; all from the
|
||||
|
|
@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ one rib,
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFF71C701B60EF81F" blockId="5.[130,777,1237,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
Both left and right frontals are almost completely preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFF78C721B4E0FABD" box="[141,199,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFF78C721B4E0FABD" box="[141,199,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). They match each other along the medial suture, which indicates they came from the same individual. The length of the complete specimen is
|
||||
<quantity id="79644683FFABFFDBFE4EC766B604FA7D" box="[443,547,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="54.5">54.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The medial suture is markedly thickened dorsoventrally and interdigitated. The frontal is widest anteriorly and becomes narrower posteriorly, without a lateral constriction in the olfactory region. The dorsal surface is shallowly convex and smooth. The anteromedial portion of the bone is broad and forms a triangular facet for a nasal; the anterolateral portion is extended anteriorly and forms a narrow facet for a maxilla; and the lateral portion forms a facet for a prefrontal. Judging by the size of the facet on the frontals, the nasals overlapped the frontals for the anterior 30% of the length of the frontals. The ventral surface of the frontal is shallowly concave. The ventral surface bears the anterior portion of the roof of the cranial cavity and, posteriorly, an elongate facet for a parietal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFDA0C507B6EDF8DE" box="[597,714,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2E, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFDA0C507B6EDF8DE" box="[597,714,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2E, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The anterior portion of the cranial cavity is elongate and subtriangular in outline, narrowing posteriorly. Its anterior margin is straight and indistinctly bordered, whereas the lateral and posterior margins have sharp edges; the anterolateral margin has a bump. A shallow olfactory tract is visible in the olfactory region of the left frontal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE3EC5C4B63BF81F" box="[459,540,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE3EC5C4B63BF81F" box="[459,540,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C2CCB7A5FF01" blockId="5.[811,1458,217,1485]" box="[813,898,217,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
|
|
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Both left and right frontals are almost completely preserved (
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C2EDB036FA3E" blockId="5.[811,1458,217,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
The dentaries are represented by a complete right ramus and the anterior part of the left ramus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB42C302B0D0FEC1" box="[1207,1271,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB42C302B0D0FEC1" box="[1207,1271,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). They are long, slender, and slightly compressed labiolingually. The length of the complete specimen is
|
||||
<quantity id="79644683FFABFFDBFB91C342B0FFFE81" box="[1124,1240,343,370]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="109.5">109.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in straight line distance between its posterior and anterior tips and
|
||||
|
|
@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Cundall
|
|||
1987
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In lingual view, the dental lamina is of the same height throughout its length. The subdental lamina is half as high as the dental lamina or lower. The sulcus dentalis (subdental shelf) is wide and slightly concave along its anterior portion, but flat and narrow along its middle and posterior portions. It bears several small foramina. The margin of the sulcus dentalis is clear and rounded in PIN 5882/3, but acute along its anterior part in PIN 5882/4. The Meckelian groove is deep and extends anteriorly to a point below the 26-28 tooth positions (as counted from the anterior end). The corpus dentalis is smooth and flattened anterior to the Meckelian groove. Ventrally, it becomes thinner and ends with a ventral keel. In labial view, the surface of the dentary is only slightly rugose. The eminentia longitudinalis is clearly developed throughout the bone. A few small neurovascular foramina extend below the eminentia longitudinalis. The tooth row contains 80 small and closely spaced pleurodont teeth. The tooth crowns are completely missing, but the pedicellar portions show that the teeth were narrow, as in other cryptobranchids. Internally, the dentary is compact and encloses a few small and medium-sized neurovascular cavities and canals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFBEDC6E1B050FAFC" box="[1048,1143,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFBEDC6E1B050FAFC" box="[1048,1143,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the region containing the anterior part of the tooth row, the cavities are mostly located below the subdental shelf. In the regions containing the middle and the posterior parts of the tooth row, the cavities are located above and below the Meckelian groove. There are no cavities in the area of the Meckelian groove and the ventral keel.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C7E6B78EF9FE" blockId="5.[813,937,1523,1549]" box="[813,937,1523,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
|
|
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Cundall
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C406B7CDF8DE" blockId="5.[811,1457,1555,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
The prearticular is represented by the right element lacking its anterior and posterior tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB9BC426B08CF9BE" box="[1134,1195,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionTargetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB9BC426B08CF9BE" box="[1134,1195,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionTargetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525888/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is low anteriorly and posteriorly and highest in the area of the coronoid process. The coronoid process is large, but short anteroposteriorly, nearly triangular, and tilted posterolingually. The articular facet is narrow and smooth. The dental facet widens posteriorly and has a sharp dorsal border that forms the lingual border of the coronoid process. It occupies about half of the length of the coronoid process.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C547B7AAF89F" blockId="5.[813,909,1874,1900]" box="[813,909,1874,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
|
|
@ -197,10 +197,10 @@ The prearticular is represented by the right element lacking its anterior and po
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C567B189F818" blockId="5.[811,1455,1906,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
The vertebrae are represented by five nearly complete specimens from the trunk region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB9FC587B08FF85E" box="[1130,1192,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB9FC587B08FF85E" box="[1130,1192,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The centrum is deeply amphicoelous, antero-posteriorly short and hourglass-shaped in lateral view, and circular in anterior and posterior views.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA8FFD8FF71C7E7B17AF9EA" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" startId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" targetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA8FFD8FF71C7E7B17AF9EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" startId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" targetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA8FFD8FF71C7E7B17AF9EA" blockId="6.[132,1457,1522,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="B8C57DBAFFA8FFD8FF71C7E7B4BAF9F1" baselines="1535,1535" box="[132,157,1522,1539]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 2. — Frontals of
|
||||
|
|
@ -245,12 +245,12 @@ Its length varies between
|
|||
. The transverse processes are unicipital and expanded distally, and articular surface for the rib heads is dumbbell-shaped. On its posterior surface it bears a wide depression that is surrounded by distinct ridges. The base of the transverse process is perforated by a large vertebrarterial canal. The neural arch is inverted V-shaped in anterior view and deeply concave in dorsal view; it is markedly vaulted posteriorly. Its posterior surface bears a pair of depressions spanning between the neural spine and the postzygapophyses. The spinal nerve foramina are absent. The neural canal is depressed and widened, with small internal projections (spinal cord supports; see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DA0D9697FFA8FFD8FBB1C507B143F8DF" author="SKUTSCHAS P. P. & BALEEVA N. V." box="[1092,1380,1810,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="1031 - 1041" refId="ref8193" refString="SKUTSCHAS P. P. & BALEEVA N. V. 2012. - The spinal cord supports of vertebrae in the crown-group salamanders (Caudata, Urodela). Journal of Morphology 273 (9): 1031 - 1041. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20041" type="journal article" year="2012">Skutschas & Baleeva 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) on its sides. The neural spine is posteriorly high and ends in a facet for a cartilaginous tip. The angle formed by the neural spine with the centrum is about 40 degrees. The pre- and postzygapophyses vary from round to elongate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA8FFD8FB1DC587B147F85F" box="[1256,1376,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5K, L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA8FFD8FB1DC587B147F85F" box="[1256,1376,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5K, L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Their articular surfaces are slightly inclined medially. The articular surfaces of the zygapophyseal processes show growth ridges, which are most visible across the distal portions (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD6BC681B6DDFB5C" box="[670,762,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD6BC681B6DDFB5C" box="[670,762,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Most of the observed articular zygapophyseal surfaces have six or seven growth ridges. The interzygapophyseal ridges are not developed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA9FFD9FF76C61FB775FBBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" targetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA9FFD9FF76C61FB775FBBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" targetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FF76C61FB775FBBA" blockId="7.[131,1455,1034,1097]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="B8C57DBAFFA9FFD9FF76C61FB4BAFBE8" baselines="1047,1048" box="[131,157,1034,1051]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 3. — Dentaries of
|
||||
|
|
@ -292,12 +292,12 @@ from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene:
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FF71C741B533F9BE" blockId="7.[131,776,1364,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
The femur is represented by its distal portion only (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD7AC741B6EEFA9D" box="[655,713,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD7AC741B6EEFA9D" box="[655,713,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525894/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
A-G). It is asymmetrically rounded, being convex dorsally and concave ventrally. Cross-sections of the femur (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FDA8C786B689FA5D" box="[605,686,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FDA8C786B689FA5D" box="[605,686,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525894/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) show a thick cortex with a few vascular canals and/or erosion cavities in the proximal part of the preserved fragment, i.e., near the diaphyseal region, and a dense vascular network of canals in its distal part. The vascular canals open into grooves on the bone surface.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA9FFD9FCD8C7E4B0BDF9C3" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" targetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA9FFD9FCD8C7E4B0BDF9C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525888/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" targetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FCD8C7E4B0BDF9C3" blockId="7.[813,1455,1521,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="B8C57DBAFFA9FFD9FCD8C7E4B762F9F1" baselines="1534,1535" box="[813,837,1521,1538]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 4. —Right prearticular of
|
||||
|
|
@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in:
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FF71C486B5A9F8DF" blockId="7.[130,776,1683,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
The rib is represented by a single proximal fragment (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD67C486B6EDF95E" box="[658,714,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD67C486B6EDF95E" box="[658,714,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525894/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||||
H-L). It is anteroposteriorly flattened and medially slightly concave. The articulation surface is hourglass-shaped with narrow upper and wide lower portions. Ridges extend along the upper and lower margins of the rib.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FF71C547B597F898" blockId="7.[130,775,1874,2027]" box="[132,432,1874,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
|
|
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ Vasilyan
|
|||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA6FFD6FF71C1E2B0BAFBC6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" startId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA6FFD6FF71C1E2B0BAFBC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" startId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA6FFD6FF71C1E2B0BAFBC6" blockId="8.[132,1456,1015,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="B8C57DBAFFA6FFD6FF71C1E2B4BAFBF4" baselines="1028,1028" box="[132,157,1015,1032]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of
|
||||
|
|
@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ The cryptobranchid from Belorechensk differs from the Mio-Pliocene
|
|||
from the Late Miocene of Pécs-Danitzpuszta (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="C68BABF6FFA6FFD6FF78C5A7B4D6F83F" box="[141,241,1970,1996]" name="Hungary" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) in its dental symphysis being rhomboid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA6FFD6FD47C5A7B6D8F83F" box="[690,767,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA6FFD6FD47C5A7B6D8F83F" box="[690,767,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) rather than triangular (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DA0D9697FFA6FFD6FE88C5C4B66CF81F" author="SZENTESI Z. & SEBE K. & SZABO M." box="[381,587,2001,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="353 - 366" refId="ref8412" refString="SZENTESI Z., SEBE K. & SZABO M. 2020. - Giant salamander from the Miocene of the Mecsek mountains (Pecs-Danitzpuszta, southwestern Hungary). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 94: 353 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 019 - 00499 - 2" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Szentesi
|
||||
|
|
@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ Vasilyan
|
|||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA6FFD6FB51C740B16DFA9D" box="[1188,1354,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">U. hypsognathus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the short and broad shape of the coronoid process of the prearticular and may have extremely elongated, elliptical prezygapophyseal articulation surfaces (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA6FFD6FBE1C7A6B042FA3D" box="[1044,1125,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA6FFD6FBE1C7A6B042FA3D" box="[1044,1125,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA6FFD7FCB6C7C1B5AAF95E" blockId="8.[811,1456,1140,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[130,777,1268,1709]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
|
|
@ -526,21 +526,21 @@ are difficult, because we are not aware of any publications listing osteological
|
|||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA7FFD7FEA1C721B582FABD" box="[340,421,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Andrias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its frontal not being laterally constricted in the olfactory region and having a longer contact with the nasals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FEDBC761B54DFA7D" box="[302,362,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FEDBC761B54DFA7D" box="[302,362,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525896/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
A-C) and by the coronoid process of its prearticular being broad and long (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FE1FC786B603FA5D" box="[490,548,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionTargetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FE1FC786B603FA5D" box="[490,548,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionTargetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525888/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The cryptobranchid from Belorechensk seems closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="799C90E5FFA7FFD7FE1EC7A1B650FA3E" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[491,631,1459,1486]" class="Amphibia" family="Cryptobranchidae" genus="Andrias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davidianus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA7FFD7FE1EC7A1B650FA3E" box="[491,631,1459,1486]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">A. davidianus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having the cranial cavity of the frontals subtriangular, widest anteriorly and narrowing posteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FE52C7E6B63FF9FD" box="[423,536,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FE52C7E6B63FF9FD" box="[423,536,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525896/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), whereas in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="799C90E5FFA7FFD7FD6BC7E1B484F9DE" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Amphibia" family="Cryptobranchidae" genus="Andrias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA7FFD7FD6BC7E1B484F9DE" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">A. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
it is rhomboid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FEA0C406B582F9DD" box="[341,421,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FEA0C406B582F9DD" box="[341,421,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525896/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, until reliable data on the comparative osteology of the modern species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="799C90E5FFA7FFD7FD42C426B72FF9BE" authorityName="von Tschudi" authorityYear="1837" box="[695,776,1587,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Cryptobranchidae" genus="Andrias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA7FFD7FD42C426B72FF9BE" box="[695,776,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Andrias</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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