From c2e8f79fbd252ebfd76a41879d6a89c0e6b3f6e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Thu, 19 Dec 2024 13:07:46 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-19 13:01:41 --- .../C4/03A4C4271401114FFCA60C37FCB9FA87.xml | 106 ++++----- .../87/03BD87E9FFE21D4DBFDE8CA45FCAF0F3.xml | 120 +++++----- .../87/03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E.xml | 118 +++++----- .../87/03BD87E9FFF41D52BD7A8AC75B7BF153.xml | 118 +++++----- .../8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml | 136 +++++------ .../8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml | 126 +++++------ .../8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml | 138 +++++------ .../5A/36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E.xml | 170 +++++++------- .../56/E271564EFC24A93D8757BD80FA002A82.xml | 144 ++++++------ .../56/E271564EFC29A93886FDBE26FEE52F20.xml | 136 +++++------ .../56/E271564EFC2EA9398705BD01FB7A2EE1.xml | 134 +++++------ .../80/F21F8060243CFFCB0083FC879A9E180D.xml | 214 +++++++++--------- 12 files changed, 832 insertions(+), 828 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/03/A4/C4/03A4C4271401114FFCA60C37FCB9FA87.xml b/data/03/A4/C4/03A4C4271401114FFCA60C37FCB9FA87.xml index fd87a6ca6e1..621a895630f 100644 --- a/data/03/A4/C4/03A4C4271401114FFCA60C37FCB9FA87.xml +++ b/data/03/A4/C4/03A4C4271401114FFCA60C37FCB9FA87.xml @@ -1,55 +1,57 @@ - - - -The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (Therapsida: Gorgonopsia), with comments on sternal evolution in therapsids + + + +The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (Therapsida: Gorgonopsia), with comments on sternal evolution in therapsids - - -Author + + +Author -Sidor, Christian A. -Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, P. O. Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 - 1800 (United States of America) casidor @ uw. edu (corresponding author) -casidor@uw.edu +Sidor, Christian A. +Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, P. O. Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 - 1800 (United States of America) casidor @ uw. edu (corresponding author) +casidor@uw.edu - - -Author + + +Author -Mann, Arjan -Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012 (United States of America) & Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 (United States of America) +Mann, Arjan +Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012 (United States of America) & Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 (United States of America) -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-02-08 + +2024 + +2024-02-08 - -23 + +23 - -6 + +6 - -85 -93 + +85 +93 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a6 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a6 -journal article -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a6 -1777-571X -14204330 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE66EC81-1BC3-4BA1-9E70-81D6F9FCAC59 +journal article +305361 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a6 +e2cb224f-18b5-4d47-a553-fc6b3d4f0a1f +1777-571X +10634385 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE66EC81-1BC3-4BA1-9E70-81D6F9FCAC59 - + @@ -78,10 +80,10 @@ REFERRED MATERIAL . — - + NHCC LB350 , a scattered partial skeleton of a large individual preserving the preorbital portion of the skull and lower jaws, both humeri, the proximal half of the right femur, the posterior portion of the interclavicle, and sternum ( -Table 1 +Table 1 ). Referral to A. tigriceps @@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ Peecook ). Detailed locality information is available from the NHCC or by contacting C.A.S. - + FIG . 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of @@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ and Interclavicle -Figure 1A +Figure 1A shows the sternum and interclavicle of NHCC LB 350 in ventral view.The interclavicle lies superficial to the sternum, and has been displaced slightly anterolaterally as evidenced by a shallow impression on the ventral surface of the sternum that indicates their contact surface in life. The caudal portion of the interclavicle is relatively flat, with its lateral margins tapering posteriorly to form a blunted V-shape. Interestingly, this shape contrasts the condition depicted for @@ -177,9 +179,9 @@ ventral view.The interclavicle lies superficial to the sternum, and has been dis Haughton, 1924 byBroom (1930: fig. 2), where the posterior margin of the interclavicle was indicated as being broadly curved. Based on the impression on the sternum, we believe the posterior end of the interclavicle would have been more pointed in life, as shown in the reconstruction of this element ( -Fig. 2A +Fig. 2A ). Anteriorly, the interclavicle in NHCC LB350 tapers towards its “neck”, which separates the anterior and posterior portions of the bone and features the base of an elongate ventral keel, unfortunately weathered off to a large extent in the current specimen. However, the outline of the keel shows that its lateral margins were subparallel and it had a slightly broader anterior end. The right flank of the interclavicle is dislocated and separated from the rest of the interclavicle by a long, matrix-filled longitudinal crack. Other damage includes several oval to irregularly shaped marks scattered across both sides of the interclavicle and sternum that we interpret as bite marks, likely due to scavenging. The ventral surface of the interclavicle shows a pattern of very fine radiating lines that diverge posteriorly. Its dorsal surface ( -Fig. 1B +Fig. 1B ) is mostly obscured by matrix and a fragmentary right posterior coracoid, but based on what is seen in cf. Arctops @@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ sp. (NHCC LB396) and other gorgonopsians, one might expect more substantial striations to be present on the interclavicle where it contacted the sternum. - + TABLE 1. — Representative measurements from the associated skeleton of @@ -276,9 +278,9 @@ LB350 measures in maximum anterior-posterior length and 82 mm transversely.Its outline is best observed in dorsal view ( -Fig. 1B +Fig. 1B ), where it is shield-like, with a broad anterior portion that tapers, albeit irregularly, posteriorly. Most of the dorsal surface of the sternum forms a relatively shallow concave, or dish-shaped, surface. In lateral view ( -Fig. 1D +Fig. 1D ), the ventral surface of its rib-bearing portion is angled slightly ventrally, which gives the sternum a slightly concave ventral surface when viewed from the side. As preserved, the element is not perfectly symmetrical, with most asymmetry concentrated about the outline of the costal facets. The anterior margin of the sternum is oriented transversely and is slightly thickened at the midline. This thickening continues onto the dorsal surface of the sternum for a short distance, but then flattens out both posteriorly and laterally. Overall, the element is thin dorsoventrally near its center ( c. 6-8 mm @@ -294,11 +296,11 @@ transversely.Its outline is best observed in dorsal view ( Three well-defined costal articulations are present on each side of the caudal half of the sternum, with those on the left side being better preserved ( -Fig. 1D +Fig. 1D ). The first costal facet is the smallest and is positioned at the boundary between the broad anterior portion of the sternum and where it begins to taper. On both sides, the second costal facet has a pocket of unfinished bone adjacent to it, suggesting this is a natural feature. The third costal facet is the best ossified and saddleshaped, with a parallelogram-like outline. The anatomy preserved suggests that all three were mobile joints, not synarthroses. In dorsal or ventral views ( -Fig. 1A, B +Fig. 1A, B ), a semicircular notch is present just posterior to each costal facet, with the anterior two having a sloping surface of finished bone, such that their ventral margin is lateral to their dorsal margin. The third notch is a deep, roughly triangular fossa of unfinished bone with a raised rim ( -Fig. 1C +Fig. 1C ), unlike the preceding two notches that blend into the dorsal surface of the sternum. Bendel @@ -318,9 +320,9 @@ LB350 seems difficult given the wide separation of the third costal facet from t At the caudal end of the sternum, the articulation for the anteriormost sternebra has a complex shape. In ventral view ( -Fig. 1A +Fig. 1A ), it can be seen to be formed by two faces that meet at a very high angle. In posterior view ( -Fig. 1C +Fig. 1C ), the articulation surface as a whole is subrectangular in outline, with a rounded ventral margin, but each face is gently convex. There is no indication of a distinct articular surface for a costal cartilage, as implied by the reconstruction of Gorgonops diff --git a/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFE21D4DBFDE8CA45FCAF0F3.xml b/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFE21D4DBFDE8CA45FCAF0F3.xml index d4557b1012e..9b61f4fd8fb 100644 --- a/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFE21D4DBFDE8CA45FCAF0F3.xml +++ b/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFE21D4DBFDE8CA45FCAF0F3.xml @@ -1,64 +1,64 @@ - - - -The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany) + + + +The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany) - - -Author + + +Author -Marciszak, Adrian -Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław (Poland) -adrian.marciszak@uwr.edu.pl +Marciszak, Adrian +Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław (Poland) +adrian.marciszak@uwr.edu.pl - - -Author + + +Author -Hilpert, Brigitte -GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) -brigitte-hilpert@gmx.de +Hilpert, Brigitte +GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) +brigitte-hilpert@gmx.de - - -Author + + +Author -Ambros, Dieta -GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) -dieta.ambros@fau.de +Ambros, Dieta +GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) +dieta.ambros@fau.de -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-09-04 + +2024 + +2024-09-04 - -23 + +23 - -23 + +23 - -339 -383 + +339 +383 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 -journal article -305693 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 -a9445361-3a35-4c82-b718-a1ef71ff68a7 -1777-571X -14224971 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:315BC2E8-5F5D-4F57-A265-B625969F5A3A +journal article +305693 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 +a9445361-3a35-4c82-b718-a1ef71ff68a7 +1777-571X +13683058 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:315BC2E8-5F5D-4F57-A265-B625969F5A3A @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Heller, 1983 ( -Fig. 4A +Fig. 4A ) @@ -136,12 +136,12 @@ Heller, 1983: 211 Both teeth are unworn and belonged to a relatively young animal. In the occlusal view, P4 has a rectangular triangle outline ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). The crown is divided into two morphologically distinct parts, the trigon extending buccally and the talon lingually. All margins are rounded, with two considerable concaves. The mesial concave is situated on the median part, on the border between the parastyle and protocone. The buccal concavity is placed almost exactly in the medium of this margin. The elongated and large parastyle is a crescent, low cusp. Its apex and the mesial wall of the paracone are connected by a distinct, low, thick crest, which does not extend to the paracone apex. The high, conical paracone is oriented almost vertically. It is separated from the protocone by a wide, not very deep, V-shaped valley. This distinct cusp has three crests, two mesial and one distal. The first mesial crest, low and flat, runs mesio-lingually from the top. The second, much thicker and stronger crest runs mesially toward a parastyle in the mesio-buccal margin of the crown as part of the mesial cingulum. The distal crest is orientated oblique-longitudinally, running from the top toward the metacone. The elongated and enlarged parastyle is pointed mesially and narrows distally. Its internal, broad surface forms an elongated, triangular, shallow basin, slightly deeper in the middle. The whole protocone is collared by a thick, high cingulum, especially strong on the mesial and mesio-lingual margins. The talon is mesio-distally enlarged and broad, and its distal margin does not reach the distal margin of the metacone in the occlusal view. The metacone is lower than the paracone and the crest that connects the two cusps is curved lingually. On the buccal wall of the talon a flat and relatively deep surface in the form of a concave meniscus is present. A stronger cingulum is present only on the disto-lingual margin ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). - + FIG . 4. — The P4-M1 of @@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ from Voigtstedt ( M1 has a bean-shaped occlusal outline, and the crown is oriented disto-lingually ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). In relation to P4, it is situated more disto-lingually. There are two considerable concavities, buccal and distal. The buccal one is situated in the median part between the paracone and the metacone. The distal depression is located on the border between the trigon and talon. In the lateral view, the crown is strongly concave in the median part. The depression is a wide, flat, U-shaped valley, which runs transversally through the whole crown length. The trigon is slightly shorter than the talon, with two well developed, main cusps. Both cusps are relatively high and spherical, and the paracone is slightly higher and larger than the metacone. Both cusps are separated by a wide, not very deep, V-shaped valley. The elongated talon is broad, with rounded margins. The protocone is elongated and well developed, connected to the paracone by a strong and thin crest. The hypocone is on the disto-lingual corner of the talon and is crest-like. The central, extensive basin of the talon is concave, shallow and smooth. The moderately developed cingulum is placed only on the disto-lingual margin of the talon ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ and antiqua is an irregular quadratic ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). The parastyle is smaller and less distinct in the Hunas specimen. @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ are the shape of the protocone and the talon of P4. The protocone of antiqua is extremely large, long and broad, with a deep, crescent inner surface. It is collared, as the rest of the crown (except the buccal margin) by a very thick and strong cingulum wall. Secondly, the buccal median concavity is much more strongly developed, the talon is oriented particularly disto-buccally, far beyond the main axis of the tooth. Both features in the Hunas otter are less developed ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). Also, the M1 of the Hunas otter differs from that of C @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ from Voigtstedt (800-700 kya; lutra , teeth of both fossil specimens have proportionally larger, semilunar parastyles, much longer and broader protocones, which is oriented noticeably more mesio-lingually and stronger developed paracone crests ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ The Hunas otter differs from Voigtstedt in a longer protocone with shallower int lutra is a small blunt cusp in the disto-buccal crown margin. It is separated from the paracone on the buccal side by a distinct valley. A low protocone is included in the mesio-lingual margin of the crown as a crest-like wall running from the protocone toward the metacone. It forms the lingual border of one or two shallow depressions situated between the protocone, paracone and metacone. The depressions are separated from each other by a transverse wall. The external margin of the crown consists of a low cingulum visible in the buccal view. Also, an indistinct cingulum is situated below the parastyle ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). Morphologically, the P4 from Hunas most closely resembles the P4 of L @@ -337,14 +337,14 @@ When comparing the M1 of the Hunas otter with the simplicidens from Voigtstedt, it was found that they differ considerably ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). The occlusal outline of both teeth is different. In the M1 from Hunas the crown curved considerably, with the distal walls of the trigon and talon directed strongly distally. In the M1 from Voigtstedt the main axis of the crown running from disto-buccally to the mesio-lingual side, with almost straight trigon and talon in the occlusal view. In relation to P4, it is pushed more buccally ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). In the Voigtstedt M1 the trigon and talon are of similar length, while in Hunas the talon is longer. The median concavity on the buccal margin of the trigon is stronger developed in Hunas M1. While in the Hunas otter the paracone is only slightly higher and larger than the metacone, in the Voigtstedt M1 the paracone is considerably larger and higher than the metacone. The transversal depression running through the whole crown length and separated trigon from the talon in Hunas M1 is much broader and shallower. The protocone and hypocone constriction is lower and shorter, ending on the mesial margin of the talon. In the Voigtstedt otter this structure is much longer, thicker and curved, reaching the central point of the internal talon basin ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). The internal basin of the Hunas otter is more elongated, narrower and shallower than in the Voigtstedt otter. The lingual cingulum is more strongly developed. @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ Contrary to that, the M1 of the Hunas otter holds many similarities with the ext like M1, in relations to the P4, pushed more lingually and less perpendicularly, similar size of paracone and metacone, broad and shallow depression separated trigon and talon, relatively short and low protocone and arched curved crown in the occlusal view. However, it simultaneously differs in the less arched trigon and talon, more strongly developed median concavity on the trigon buccal margin, higher para- and metacone and longer talon, with broader and more extensive internal basin, and stronger cingulum ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). diff --git a/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E.xml b/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E.xml index 3836a94deb1..369961229be 100644 --- a/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E.xml +++ b/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E.xml @@ -1,64 +1,66 @@ - - - -The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany) + + + +The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany) - - -Author + + +Author -Marciszak, Adrian -Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław (Poland) -adrian.marciszak@uwr.edu.pl +Marciszak, Adrian +Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław (Poland) +adrian.marciszak@uwr.edu.pl - - -Author + + +Author -Hilpert, Brigitte -GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) -brigitte-hilpert@gmx.de +Hilpert, Brigitte +GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) +brigitte-hilpert@gmx.de - - -Author + + +Author -Ambros, Dieta -GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) -dieta.ambros@fau.de +Ambros, Dieta +GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) +dieta.ambros@fau.de -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-09-04 + +2024 + +2024-09-04 - -23 + +23 - -23 + +23 - -339 -383 + +339 +383 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 -journal article -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 -1777-571X -14224971 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:315BC2E8-5F5D-4F57-A265-B625969F5A3A +journal article +305693 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 +a9445361-3a35-4c82-b718-a1ef71ff68a7 +1777-571X +13683058 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:315BC2E8-5F5D-4F57-A265-B625969F5A3A - + @@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ Linnaeus, 1758 ( -Fig. 7A +Fig. 7A ) @@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ aff. - + REFERRED MATERIAL . — Humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, 3 metapodials @@ -132,23 +134,23 @@ aff. Long and narrow humerus has a flat and narrow head. The greater tubercle extends distally along the side of the articulation surface ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). The well-marked neck is directed distally. The lesser tubercle is well-developed. The rugose area on the inner surface of the shaft for the attachment of the inner humeral head of the triceps muscle is prominent. The lateral epicondylar crest is strongly developed towards the lateral epicondyle from the last distal fourth. The medial epicondylar crest is prominent and has a narrow supracondylar foramen. The strong medial condyle is situated slightly back, while the lateral condyle is deeper in the mesio-distal direction. A rounded and shallow coronoid fossa does not connect with the wide and deep olecranon pit ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). The radius is thin and flattened dorso-ventrally, and it has a slightly concave ventral surface ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). The moderately large head has a shallow and rounded articular surface. It is mesially collared by a moderately prominent coronoid process. The articulation surface for the lesser sigmoid cavity is relatively large. The distal end is widened laterally, with a well-marked elliptical glenoid cavity, framed by a rough condyle on the ventral and medial sides. The facet for the ulna is small, while the styloid process is well-developed. The grooves for the extensor muscle tendons, extensors carpi radialis longior and brevior muscles are broad and deep. The scapholunar articulation area is relatively short and broad ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). The ulna is massive, with a strong but short proximal end ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). The surface for attachment of the scapular head of the triceps muscle is broad and strongly rugose. The olecranon has a quadrilateral shape with its apex hollowed out in part of a small cavity bordered by two fairly prominent tubercles. The shaft is curved in the lateral and medial view and massive in its longitudinal extent. The articulating surface for the radius is large, while the articulating surface for the pisiform is quite narrow. The distal end is characterised by a significant protrusion of the ulnar styloid process ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). - + TABLE 5. — Dimensions of long bones of different small, European @@ -344,13 +346,13 @@ Linnaeus, 1766 The long, cylindrical femur possesses a spherical head with a prominent neck ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ). The trochanteric fossa is narrow and deep. The lesser trochanter is a slight conical prominence. The shaft is slightly bowed in its longitudinal extent. The greater trochanter rises distinctly above the head level and is obliquely truncated on its lateral side. The surface of the trochanter extends further down the proximal extremity of the femur. The tibial articulations are nearly equal in size. At the distal end, the condyles are separated by a broad and deep groove. The lateral condyle is slightly more developed than the medial one ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ). The body of the long and thin tibia is triangular in its proximal third, slightly convex medially, with a large tibial fossa from the lateral side ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ). The distal surface below the head is narrow and shallow. The tibial crest is well marked but relatively short. At the distal end, the articular surface consists of two separate grooves. The medial throat is deeper than the lateral one. The grooves for tendons of the flexor longus digitorum and tibialis posticus muscles are well defined at the distal epiphysis. The notch incising the mesial border of the distal surface is quite small ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ). diff --git a/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFF41D52BD7A8AC75B7BF153.xml b/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFF41D52BD7A8AC75B7BF153.xml index d8527258740..a3acbe4a543 100644 --- a/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFF41D52BD7A8AC75B7BF153.xml +++ b/data/03/BD/87/03BD87E9FFF41D52BD7A8AC75B7BF153.xml @@ -1,64 +1,64 @@ - - - -The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany) + + + +The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany) - - -Author + + +Author -Marciszak, Adrian -Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław (Poland) -adrian.marciszak@uwr.edu.pl +Marciszak, Adrian +Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław (Poland) +adrian.marciszak@uwr.edu.pl - - -Author + + +Author -Hilpert, Brigitte -GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) -brigitte-hilpert@gmx.de +Hilpert, Brigitte +GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) +brigitte-hilpert@gmx.de - - -Author + + +Author -Ambros, Dieta -GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) -dieta.ambros@fau.de +Ambros, Dieta +GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany) +dieta.ambros@fau.de -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-09-04 + +2024 + +2024-09-04 - -23 + +23 - -23 + +23 - -339 -383 + +339 +383 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 -journal article -305693 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 -a9445361-3a35-4c82-b718-a1ef71ff68a7 -1777-571X -14224971 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:315BC2E8-5F5D-4F57-A265-B625969F5A3A +journal article +305693 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23 +a9445361-3a35-4c82-b718-a1ef71ff68a7 +1777-571X +13683058 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:315BC2E8-5F5D-4F57-A265-B625969F5A3A @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Linnaeus, 1766 ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 B-H) @@ -183,20 +183,20 @@ aff. The elongated and low mandibular body has a constant lateral thickness for its whole length ( -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 ). The lower margin is moderately curved and reaches the curvature peak below the m1 level. The symphysis is long and narrow. Two oval-shaped mental foramina are of similar size but are located on different levels. The mesial one is situated higher, below p2 and the distal one are located below the distal root of p3, and on a lower level than the first. Some specimens have a vestigial, longitudinal, lingual furrow of the mandibular body, but the degree of development varies substantially between individuals from weak to moderate. In most individuals this structure is absent. The strong ramus has a shape of rectangular triangle. Its mesial margin rises gently to the top, while the distal margin is almost vertical. The condylar process is massive and short, elongated laterally and inclined slightly downward on the medial side. It is positioned below the teeth row. The angular process is short and is shaped like a rectangular triangle. The deep masseteric fossa has a rounded mesial margin and reaches the m1/m2 boundary. The teeth row is straight in the occlusal view, with only the p2 crown placed at an angle of 30-40o to the rest of the teeth. The distal halves of p3-p4 are oriented disto-buccally. The teeth are positioned loosely to each other, and between them are visible small diastemas ( -Fig. 8 +Fig. 8 ). The elongated and oval p2 is moderately reduced ( -Figs 8 +Figs 8 ; -9 +9 ). The two-rooted p3 is low and moderately massive. The protoconid is pushed strongly mesially and almost exactly to the axis of the tooth. The blunt mesial and rounded distal margins have a weak cingulum. The crown bears an elongated, well-developed, distal, cingular projection. The buccal edge is straight, while the lingual one is weakly convex. The two-rooted p4 is an elongated and robust tooth, with a prominent, medially positioned protoconid, which is moderately separated from the surrounding cingulum. Before the protoconid is a crescent, shallow valley. The stronger cingulum is situated on the distal margin. The mesial and distal margins are blunt, while the distal halves of the buccal and lingual edges are strongly convex. This bulge is more developed on the buccal side. The elongated and narrow m1 is moderately trenchant. The crown has a long and low paraconid and prominent, but relatively low protoconid. The trigonid is moderately long and low in relation to tooth length. The buccal margin is moderately convex. The lingual margin of the paraconid and talonid is straight, while the lingual edge of the protoconid is moderately convex. The short and moderately broad talonid bears a centrally positioned hypoconid. The reduced m2 is a moderately large, oval-shaped and one-rooted tooth with a low crown ( -Figs 8 +Figs 8 ; -9 +9 ). @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ Compared to possesses, longer ones on average, reaching m1/2 up to the trigonid/talonid m1 border, and deeper masseteric fossa, for which the mesial margin is almost always rounded; - + FIG . 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ from Hunas with the extant Silesian population of this species, we found few dis , longitudinal, lingual furrow of the mandibular body. - + FIG . 9. — Mandibles of the average and large sized ♂♂ of @@ -1302,9 +1302,9 @@ is characterised by a stronger development of progressive features compared to t nivalis , which is visible in the comparison shown above ( -Figs 10 +Figs 10 ; -11 +11 ). @@ -1456,9 +1456,9 @@ are a remnant of its ancestor, nivalis population ( -Figs 10 +Figs 10 ; -11 +11 ) deposited in one spatially limited place, in a relatively short time and in good condition. diff --git a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml index 3a3cb2d414d..1f96f456cad 100644 --- a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml +++ b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFC8FC95FF7BFE331389.xml @@ -1,82 +1,82 @@ - - - -Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences + + + +Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences - - -Author + + +Author -Sullivan, Corwin -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) -corwin1@ualberta.ca +Sullivan, Corwin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) +corwin1@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Sissons, Robin -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -robin.sissons@gmail.com +Sissons, Robin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +robin.sissons@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sharpe, Henry -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -hssharpe@ualberta.ca +Sharpe, Henry +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +hssharpe@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Nguyen, Khoi -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -khoi2@ualberta.ca +Nguyen, Khoi +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +khoi2@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Theurer, Brandon -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca -robin.sissons@gmail.com +Theurer, Brandon +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca +robin.sissons@gmail.com -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-02-05 + +2024 + +2024-02-05 - -23 + +23 - -5 + +5 - -69 -83 + +69 +83 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 -journal article -305360 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 -dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e -1777-571X -14205945 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C +journal article +305360 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 +dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e +1777-571X +10619488 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C - + CASE @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ This case study focusses on a reconstruction of the shoulder girdle and forelimb a centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation of northern Alberta ( -Fig. 5A, B +Fig. 5A, B ), that was produced mainly by one of us (KN) for a forthcoming descriptive paper (Vice et al. work in progress). The reconstruction was partly based on a previously published illustration by @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ work in progress). The reconstruction was partly based on a previously published (Holmes, Forster, Ryan & Shepherd, 2001) in what they considered to be a “neutral” semi-erect standing position ( -Fig. 5D +Fig. 5D ). The P. lakustai @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ forelimb (UALVP 55261) that was available for direct examination, and Fujiwara 2009 ), were used as a basis for scaling and orienting the elements in both views. Because most of the bones were steeply inclined either anteroventrally or posteroventrally, perspective had a strong impact on the anterior view, which was corrected by projecting multiple landmarks from the lateral view into the transverse plane as a guide to the proper proportions of each element. Perspective effects on the lateral view were less pronounced, because the limb segments were not strongly angled relative to the sagittal plane, and were considered to lie within the margin of acceptability given the use of the telephoto lens. - + FIG . 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ reconstructed the manus of V. irvinensis with only slight contact between the proximal heads of the metacarpals, which were all depicted as being in approximately the same plane ( -Fig. 5D +Fig. 5D ). The metacarpus of P. lakustai @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ had deliberately flattened and spread out the metacarpus of to better show the morphology of each element. IV III II I - + FIG . 5. — @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ Accordingly, the reconstruction of P. lakustai was revised to show a more transversely arched metacarpus with the proximal heads of the metacarpals in closer contact ( -Fig. 5A, B +Fig. 5A, B ). This resulted in a proximal articular surface that better fitted the distal articular surface of the antebrachium, and the arched metacarpus also resembled those of Triceratops @@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ was revised to show a more transversely arched metacarpus with the proximal head and the well articulated but indeterminate chasmosaurine CMN 8547 ( Mallon & Holmes 2010 ). Moreover, transverse arching of the metacarpus is consistent with the fact that the proximal surface of metacarpal II strongly tapers ventrally ( -Fig. 5C +Fig. 5C ), and the presence of rugosities indicates possible close intermetacarpal contacts near the proximal ends of some of the metacarpals known from the Pipestone Creek Bonebed. However, the proximal end of metacarpal III appears more medially expanded relative to the shaft in P. lakustai @@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ than in chasmosaurines, implying correspondingly greater separation between the P. lakustai ( -Fig. 5B +Fig. 5B ), rather than closely adjacent as in Fujiwara’s (2009 : fig. 8B) reconstruction of the manus of @@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ and Thompson & Holmes’ (2007) reconstruction of V. irvinensis ( -Fig. 5D +Fig. 5D ). Verification of the arched configuration and the degree of separation between the shafts of MC II and MC III awaits a detailed description of the articulated manus of a centrosaurine, and ideally of P.lakustai diff --git a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml index 449024013f7..4e8c202d37e 100644 --- a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml +++ b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF01FFCDFF3CFD35FE4B1188.xml @@ -1,82 +1,82 @@ - - - -Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences + + + +Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences - - -Author + + +Author -Sullivan, Corwin -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) -corwin1@ualberta.ca +Sullivan, Corwin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) +corwin1@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Sissons, Robin -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -robin.sissons@gmail.com +Sissons, Robin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +robin.sissons@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sharpe, Henry -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -hssharpe@ualberta.ca +Sharpe, Henry +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +hssharpe@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Nguyen, Khoi -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -khoi2@ualberta.ca +Nguyen, Khoi +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +khoi2@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Theurer, Brandon -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca -robin.sissons@gmail.com +Theurer, Brandon +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca +robin.sissons@gmail.com -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-02-05 + +2024 + +2024-02-05 - -23 + +23 - -5 + +5 - -69 -83 + +69 +83 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 -journal article -305360 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 -dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e -1777-571X -14205945 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C +journal article +305360 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 +dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e +1777-571X +10619488 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C - + CASE @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Evans E. regalis to show the life positions of different skull elements recovered from the Danek Bonebed ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). These reconstructions were based on 3D scans of the mostly-disarticulated paratype specimen (CMN 2289), the only @@ -138,15 +138,15 @@ Rybczynski 2008 ). The scans of individual bones were assembled in Autodesk Maya 2018 to produce a 3D rendering of the nearly complete skull ( -Fig. 4A, B +Fig. 4A, B ), using complete E. regalis skulls (CMN 2288, ROM 801) for guidance in articulating elements and correcting taphonomic distortion. Drawings ( -Fig. 4C, D +Fig. 4C, D ) were made by tracing rendered images of this re-articulated skull in Adobe Photoshop 2022. It was quickly noticed upon illustrating the orbits in anterior view that the postorbital pockets were not only deeply concave posteriorly, but also protruded laterally ( -Fig. 4D +Fig. 4D ). This caused the posterior margin of the orbit to be positioned much further laterally than the anterior margin, suggesting a large degree of binocular overlap in this species (Sharpe et al. work in progress). Re-examination of the 3D scans confirmed the first-order inference regarding the orientation of the orbits, and by extension the second-order inference regarding the presence of binocular overlap: the orbits of diff --git a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml index 64fe4c8f205..aee26db05c8 100644 --- a/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml +++ b/data/0D/36/8D/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188.xml @@ -1,82 +1,82 @@ - - - -Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences + + + +Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences - - -Author + + +Author -Sullivan, Corwin -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) -corwin1@ualberta.ca +Sullivan, Corwin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author) +corwin1@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Sissons, Robin -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -robin.sissons@gmail.com +Sissons, Robin +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +robin.sissons@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sharpe, Henry -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -hssharpe@ualberta.ca +Sharpe, Henry +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +hssharpe@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Nguyen, Khoi -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) -khoi2@ualberta.ca +Nguyen, Khoi +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) +khoi2@ualberta.ca - - -Author + + +Author -Theurer, Brandon -Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca -robin.sissons@gmail.com +Theurer, Brandon +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) robin. sissons @ gmail. com hssharpe @ ualberta. ca khoi 2 @ ualberta. ca btheurer @ ualberta. ca +robin.sissons@gmail.com -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-02-05 + +2024 + +2024-02-05 - -23 + +23 - -5 + +5 - -69 -83 + +69 +83 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 -journal article -305360 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 -dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e -1777-571X -14205945 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C +journal article +305360 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5 +dd79d883-e39a-4c14-bef8-636d4884d05e +1777-571X +10619488 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C - + HINDLIMB OF AN INDETERMINATE @@ -121,14 +121,14 @@ skeleton UALVP 52613 was also available for comparison. UALVP 42 was collected by George F. Sternberg in 1920, from exposures of the Belly River Group (Campanian) on Sand Creek in southern Alberta . Sternberg subsequently created a mount of the specimen that was displayed from 1935 to the late 1950s, reconstructing the distal hindlimb skeleton in a physical sense. As well as positioning the bones, Sternberg restored some of them extensively with plaster to conceal damage ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). The proximal and distal ends of the tibia, in particular, were heavily retouched. Having been mixed with brown paint, the plaster is difficult to distinguish from the original fossil bone. Therefore, the bones were CT scanned using a Siemens Somatom Definition Flash scanner at the University of Alberta Hospital (voltage: 120 kV; current: 300 mA; voxel size: 0.6 mm ), and the genuine bone was segmented out using Dragonfly ORS. A defined range of intensities was used to create an initial “point and click” segmentation, which was then refined manually a few slices at a time. The scanned bones were imported into Autodesk Maya, an animation program that can be utilised to position digital models in 3D space and produce 2D orthographic and perspective renderings of them from arbitrary angles. - + TABLE 1. — Ratio of the length of phalanx I-1 to the length of metatarsal I in several ceratopsids. Length measurements were made from images with metatarsal I and phalanx I-1 in the same focal plane, using ImageJ ( @@ -226,12 +226,12 @@ Holmes Centrosaurus apertus (UALVP 16248) was created using photogrammetry and the program Agisoft Metashape, and a small piece missing from the anteromedial corner of the proximal end was reconstructed in Pixologic ZBrush. The resulting model was imported into Maya and scaled to an appropriate size for UALVP 42, based on the median ratio of phalanx I-1 length to metatarsal I length (0.889) in several other ceratopsid specimens in which both elements are preserved ( -Table 1 +Table 1 ). This procedure involved a tacit assumption, amenable to testing in future comparative studies, that the morphology of phalanx I-1 was unlikely to vary much across ceratopsid species. Maya was used to reconstruct the articulation of the bones of UALVP 42, plus the rescaled phalanx I-1, and generate an image of the reconstructed configuration ( -Fig. 7A +Fig. 7A ). Sternberg’s restoration of the shape of each individual bone was provisionally accepted as a well-educated guess, with the obvious exception of phalanx I-1, but the digital reconstruction distinguished visually between bone and plaster based on the segmented models. One advantage of this method of reconstruction was that internal consistency among the resulting 2D images was guaranteed, given that they all depicted the same 3D model. Therefore, successive versions of the reconstruction always passed the test of internal consistency provided no two elements overlapped in 3D space. Furthermore, “versions” of the underlying 3D model could be quickly generated by rotating and translating individual bones to experiment with different possible configurations, and quickly evaluated by viewing the model from different angles. Accordingly, the iterative process outlined above, in which visual hypotheses are tested, rejected and refined over successive rounds, gave way to a more freeflowing approach in which generation, testing, rejection and refinement of “micro-hypotheses” pertaining to parts of the model took place more or less continuously. @@ -240,22 +240,22 @@ Subjecting the proximal tarsal elements to this of manipulation led to an unexpected arrangement of the astragalus relative to the calcaneum and to the outer condyle of the distal end of the tibia, which in ceratopsids combines with the two proximal tarsal elements to form the articular surface for the distal tarsals and the proximal ends of the metatarsals ( Brown & Schlaikjer 1940 ). Sternberg’s original mount placed the calcaneum lateral to the outer condyle of the tibia and only slightly anteriorly displaced ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 ). This initially led us to likewise place the astragalus medial and slightly anterior to the outer condyle of the tibia in our digital reconstruction ( -Fig. 7B +Fig. 7B ). However, it quickly became apparent that positioning the astragalus in this way, without creating an impossible geometry by impinging on the tibia, introduced a large gap between the lateral articular surface of the astragalus and the outer tibial condyle ( -Fig. 7C +Fig. 7C ). Such a large gap seemed unrealistic, so the hypothesis of a near-linear arrangement of the astragalus, calcaneum and outer condyle was rejected and alternatives were investigated. Angling the astragalus so that the medial side was positioned more anteriorly than the lateral side eliminated the gap ( -Fig. 7D, E +Fig. 7D, E ) and left the anterior part of the proximal surface of the astragalus resting against a relatively flat area on the anteromedial portion of the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral articular surface of the astragalus against the outer tibial condyle. The anterior margin of the distal articular surface formed by the astragalus, outer tibial condyle and calcaneum is then distinctly concave. It should be noted that acceptance of Sternberg’s restoration of the missing portions of the tibia influences the exact position, but not the overall orientation, that appears optimal for the astragalus. Sternberg’s placement of the calcaneum almost directly lateral to the outer condyle of the tibia ( -Fig. 7B, C +Fig. 7B, C ) was evaluated by comparison to UALVP 52613 and published descriptions of ceratopsid hindlimbs (e.g. Lull 1933 ), which indicated that the calcaneum should instead lie anterior to the outer tibial condyle. Repositioning of the calcaneum in accordance with this evidence further accentuated the anterior concavity of the articular surface for the distal tarsals and metatarsals ( -Fig. 7D +Fig. 7D ). The articular relationship between the astragalus and tibia in UALVP 42, and the resulting concavity of the anterior margin of the distal articular surface formed by these elements and the calcaneum, are discoveries arising from the process of reconstruction and supported by comparison with published descriptions and UALVP 52613. diff --git a/data/36/35/5A/36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E.xml b/data/36/35/5A/36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E.xml index e050977c72a..55e3b483cb2 100644 --- a/data/36/35/5A/36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E.xml +++ b/data/36/35/5A/36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E.xml @@ -1,74 +1,74 @@ - - - -A “ preglacial ” giant salamander from Europe: new record from the Late Pliocene of Caucasus + + + +A “ preglacial ” giant salamander from Europe: new record from the Late Pliocene of Caucasus - - -Author + + +Author -Syromyatnikova, Elena V. -Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117997 Moscow (Russia) and Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg (Russia) esyromyatnikova @ gmail. com (corresponding author) -esyromyatnikova@gmail.com +Syromyatnikova, Elena V. +Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117997 Moscow (Russia) and Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg (Russia) esyromyatnikova @ gmail. com (corresponding author) +esyromyatnikova@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Titov, Vadim V. -Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekhova 41, 344006 Rostov-on-Don (Russia) and Academy of biology and biotechnologies of Southern Federal University, avenue Stachki, 194, 1344090, Rostov-on-Don (Russia) vvtitov @ yandex. ru -vvtitov@yandex.ru +Titov, Vadim V. +Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekhova 41, 344006 Rostov-on-Don (Russia) and Academy of biology and biotechnologies of Southern Federal University, avenue Stachki, 194, 1344090, Rostov-on-Don (Russia) vvtitov @ yandex. ru +vvtitov@yandex.ru - - -Author + + +Author -Tesakov, Alexey S. -Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky 7, 119017 Moscow (Russia) tesak @ ginras. ru -tesak@ginras.ru +Tesakov, Alexey S. +Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky 7, 119017 Moscow (Russia) tesak @ ginras. ru +tesak@ginras.ru - - -Author + + +Author -Skutschas, Pavel P. -Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7 / 9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg (Russia) skutchas @ mail. ru -skutchas@mail.ru +Skutschas, Pavel P. +Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7 / 9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg (Russia) skutchas @ mail. ru +skutchas@mail.ru -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-01-29 + +2024 + +2024-01-29 - -23 + +23 - -3 + +3 - -45 -57 + +45 +57 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a3 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a3 -journal article -305359 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a3 -d8595d6f-4c23-4abb-9462-1462c67f1199 -1777-571X -14204292 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DB26F689-4B4B-4B21-9162-5FFF69585FB4 +journal article +305359 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a3 +d8595d6f-4c23-4abb-9462-1462c67f1199 +1777-571X +10579621 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DB26F689-4B4B-4B21-9162-5FFF69585FB4 - + @@ -82,49 +82,49 @@ sp. ( -Figs 2-6 +Figs 2-6 ; -7A, D +7A, D ) MATERIAL. — - + Two frontals, PIN 5882 /1 and - + 5882/2 ; - + two dentaries, PIN 5882/3 and - + 5882/4 ; - + one prearticular, PIN 5882/5 ; - + five trunk vertebrae, PIN 5882/6-10 ; - + one femur, PIN 5882/11 ; - + one rib, PIN 5882/12 ; all from the @@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ one rib, Both left and right frontals are almost completely preserved ( -Fig. 2 +Fig. 2 ). They match each other along the medial suture, which indicates they came from the same individual. The length of the complete specimen is 54.5 mm . The medial suture is markedly thickened dorsoventrally and interdigitated. The frontal is widest anteriorly and becomes narrower posteriorly, without a lateral constriction in the olfactory region. The dorsal surface is shallowly convex and smooth. The anteromedial portion of the bone is broad and forms a triangular facet for a nasal; the anterolateral portion is extended anteriorly and forms a narrow facet for a maxilla; and the lateral portion forms a facet for a prefrontal. Judging by the size of the facet on the frontals, the nasals overlapped the frontals for the anterior 30% of the length of the frontals. The ventral surface of the frontal is shallowly concave. The ventral surface bears the anterior portion of the roof of the cranial cavity and, posteriorly, an elongate facet for a parietal ( -Fig. 2E, H +Fig. 2E, H ). The anterior portion of the cranial cavity is elongate and subtriangular in outline, narrowing posteriorly. Its anterior margin is straight and indistinctly bordered, whereas the lateral and posterior margins have sharp edges; the anterolateral margin has a bump. A shallow olfactory tract is visible in the olfactory region of the left frontal ( -Fig. 2E +Fig. 2E ). @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Both left and right frontals are almost completely preserved ( The dentaries are represented by a complete right ramus and the anterior part of the left ramus ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ). They are long, slender, and slightly compressed labiolingually. The length of the complete specimen is 109.5 mm in straight line distance between its posterior and anterior tips and @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Cundall 1987 ). In lingual view, the dental lamina is of the same height throughout its length. The subdental lamina is half as high as the dental lamina or lower. The sulcus dentalis (subdental shelf) is wide and slightly concave along its anterior portion, but flat and narrow along its middle and posterior portions. It bears several small foramina. The margin of the sulcus dentalis is clear and rounded in PIN 5882/3, but acute along its anterior part in PIN 5882/4. The Meckelian groove is deep and extends anteriorly to a point below the 26-28 tooth positions (as counted from the anterior end). The corpus dentalis is smooth and flattened anterior to the Meckelian groove. Ventrally, it becomes thinner and ends with a ventral keel. In labial view, the surface of the dentary is only slightly rugose. The eminentia longitudinalis is clearly developed throughout the bone. A few small neurovascular foramina extend below the eminentia longitudinalis. The tooth row contains 80 small and closely spaced pleurodont teeth. The tooth crowns are completely missing, but the pedicellar portions show that the teeth were narrow, as in other cryptobranchids. Internally, the dentary is compact and encloses a few small and medium-sized neurovascular cavities and canals ( -Fig. 3D +Fig. 3D ). In the region containing the anterior part of the tooth row, the cavities are mostly located below the subdental shelf. In the regions containing the middle and the posterior parts of the tooth row, the cavities are located above and below the Meckelian groove. There are no cavities in the area of the Meckelian groove and the ventral keel. @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Cundall The prearticular is represented by the right element lacking its anterior and posterior tips ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). It is low anteriorly and posteriorly and highest in the area of the coronoid process. The coronoid process is large, but short anteroposteriorly, nearly triangular, and tilted posterolingually. The articular facet is narrow and smooth. The dental facet widens posteriorly and has a sharp dorsal border that forms the lingual border of the coronoid process. It occupies about half of the length of the coronoid process. @@ -197,10 +197,10 @@ The prearticular is represented by the right element lacking its anterior and po The vertebrae are represented by five nearly complete specimens from the trunk region ( -Fig. 5 +Fig. 5 ). The centrum is deeply amphicoelous, antero-posteriorly short and hourglass-shaped in lateral view, and circular in anterior and posterior views. - + FIG . 2. — Frontals of @@ -245,12 +245,12 @@ Its length varies between . The transverse processes are unicipital and expanded distally, and articular surface for the rib heads is dumbbell-shaped. On its posterior surface it bears a wide depression that is surrounded by distinct ridges. The base of the transverse process is perforated by a large vertebrarterial canal. The neural arch is inverted V-shaped in anterior view and deeply concave in dorsal view; it is markedly vaulted posteriorly. Its posterior surface bears a pair of depressions spanning between the neural spine and the postzygapophyses. The spinal nerve foramina are absent. The neural canal is depressed and widened, with small internal projections (spinal cord supports; see Skutschas & Baleeva 2012 ) on its sides. The neural spine is posteriorly high and ends in a facet for a cartilaginous tip. The angle formed by the neural spine with the centrum is about 40 degrees. The pre- and postzygapophyses vary from round to elongate ( -Fig. 5K, L +Fig. 5K, L ). Their articular surfaces are slightly inclined medially. The articular surfaces of the zygapophyseal processes show growth ridges, which are most visible across the distal portions ( -Fig. 5M +Fig. 5M ). Most of the observed articular zygapophyseal surfaces have six or seven growth ridges. The interzygapophyseal ridges are not developed. - + FIG . 3. — Dentaries of @@ -292,12 +292,12 @@ from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: The femur is represented by its distal portion only ( -Fig. 6 +Fig. 6 A-G). It is asymmetrically rounded, being convex dorsally and concave ventrally. Cross-sections of the femur ( -Fig. 6E +Fig. 6E ) show a thick cortex with a few vascular canals and/or erosion cavities in the proximal part of the preserved fragment, i.e., near the diaphyseal region, and a dense vascular network of canals in its distal part. The vascular canals open into grooves on the bone surface. - + FIG . 4. —Right prearticular of @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: The rib is represented by a single proximal fragment ( -Fig.6 +Fig.6 H-L). It is anteroposteriorly flattened and medially slightly concave. The articulation surface is hourglass-shaped with narrow upper and wide lower portions. Ridges extend along the upper and lower margins of the rib. @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ Vasilyan ). - + FIG . 5. — Trunk vertebrae of @@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ The cryptobranchid from Belorechensk differs from the Mio-Pliocene from the Late Miocene of Pécs-Danitzpuszta ( Hungary ) in its dental symphysis being rhomboid ( -Fig. 3F +Fig. 3F ) rather than triangular ( Szentesi @@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ Vasilyan U. hypsognathus the short and broad shape of the coronoid process of the prearticular and may have extremely elongated, elliptical prezygapophyseal articulation surfaces ( -Fig. 5L +Fig. 5L ). @@ -526,21 +526,21 @@ are difficult, because we are not aware of any publications listing osteological Andrias by its frontal not being laterally constricted in the olfactory region and having a longer contact with the nasals ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 A-C) and by the coronoid process of its prearticular being broad and long ( -Fig. 4 +Fig. 4 ). The cryptobranchid from Belorechensk seems closer to A. davidianus in having the cranial cavity of the frontals subtriangular, widest anteriorly and narrowing posteriorly ( -Fig. 7D, E +Fig. 7D, E ), whereas in A. japonicus it is rhomboid ( -Fig. 7F +Fig. 7F ). However, until reliable data on the comparative osteology of the modern species of Andrias diff --git a/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC24A93D8757BD80FA002A82.xml b/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC24A93D8757BD80FA002A82.xml index ed110587fd6..061f0267d61 100644 --- a/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC24A93D8757BD80FA002A82.xml +++ b/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC24A93D8757BD80FA002A82.xml @@ -1,88 +1,88 @@ - - - -A review of the Asian Semigenetta Helbing, 1927 (Viverridae, Feliformia, Carnivora) with a description of two new species, Semigenetta qiae n. sp. from South China and Semigenetta thailandica n. sp. from Thailand + + + +A review of the Asian Semigenetta Helbing, 1927 (Viverridae, Feliformia, Carnivora) with a description of two new species, Semigenetta qiae n. sp. from South China and Semigenetta thailandica n. sp. from Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Wang, Xiaoming -Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (United States) and Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) -xwang@nhm.org +Wang, Xiaoming +Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (United States) and Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) +xwang@nhm.org - - -Author + + +Author -Jiangzuo, Qigao -Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China) -jiangzuo@ivpp.ac.cn +Jiangzuo, Qigao +Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China) +jiangzuo@ivpp.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Grohé, Camille -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr +Grohé, Camille +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Bonis, Louis de -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -louis.de.bonis@univ-poitiers.fr +Bonis, Louis de +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +louis.de.bonis@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Chaimanee, Yaowalak -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -yao.chaimanee@univ-poitiers.fr +Chaimanee, Yaowalak +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +yao.chaimanee@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Jaeger, Jean-Jacques -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr +Jaeger, Jean-Jacques +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-11-06 + +2024 + +2024-11-06 - -23 + +23 - -26 + +26 - -417 -432 + +417 +432 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 -journal article -305525 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 -e297f5b5-ee5c-4200-865a-2c579f0849a8 -1777-571X -14224918 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74715DFC-4582-41FC-86BF-99D56CA12236 +journal article +305525 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 +e297f5b5-ee5c-4200-865a-2c579f0849a8 +1777-571X +14044870 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74715DFC-4582-41FC-86BF-99D56CA12236 @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ ( -Figs 1-5 +Figs 1-5 ; Table 1 ) @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ northwest of the village of Shihuiba and north of the county of Lufeng at the northern margin of Lufeng Basin ( Dong & Qi 2013 ) ( -Fig. 1 +Fig. 1 ). Initial excavations of the fossil site in 1975 were conducted by personnel of the IVPP , @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Badgley ). - + FIG . 1. — @@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ specimen), however, were restricted to C3An.2n and C3Ar, which is ). - + FIG . 2. — @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ There is no evidence for the presence of an M2, although the poor preservation o . - + FIG . 3. — @@ -516,9 +516,9 @@ The left dentary in the S. huaiheensis (compare -Figure 2 +Figure 2 and -Figure 6 +Figure 6 ). Below the p2, the posterior end of the symphysis is slightly deepened. @@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ has a straight shearing blade with the paraconid blade lacking a lingual bend as S. huaiheensis ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ). The metaconid is slightly taller than paraconid, whereas most European species have a metaconid equal to or slightly lower than paraconid, as does the Chinese S. huaiheensis diff --git a/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC29A93886FDBE26FEE52F20.xml b/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC29A93886FDBE26FEE52F20.xml index 385ffbc1ce5..a44bfde17b6 100644 --- a/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC29A93886FDBE26FEE52F20.xml +++ b/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC29A93886FDBE26FEE52F20.xml @@ -1,88 +1,88 @@ - - - -A review of the Asian Semigenetta Helbing, 1927 (Viverridae, Feliformia, Carnivora) with a description of two new species, Semigenetta qiae n. sp. from South China and Semigenetta thailandica n. sp. from Thailand + + + +A review of the Asian Semigenetta Helbing, 1927 (Viverridae, Feliformia, Carnivora) with a description of two new species, Semigenetta qiae n. sp. from South China and Semigenetta thailandica n. sp. from Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Wang, Xiaoming -Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (United States) and Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) -xwang@nhm.org +Wang, Xiaoming +Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (United States) and Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) +xwang@nhm.org - - -Author + + +Author -Jiangzuo, Qigao -Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China) -jiangzuo@ivpp.ac.cn +Jiangzuo, Qigao +Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China) +jiangzuo@ivpp.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Grohé, Camille -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr +Grohé, Camille +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Bonis, Louis de -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -louis.de.bonis@univ-poitiers.fr +Bonis, Louis de +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +louis.de.bonis@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Chaimanee, Yaowalak -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -yao.chaimanee@univ-poitiers.fr +Chaimanee, Yaowalak +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +yao.chaimanee@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Jaeger, Jean-Jacques -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr +Jaeger, Jean-Jacques +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-11-06 + +2024 + +2024-11-06 - -23 + +23 - -26 + +26 - -417 -432 + +417 +432 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 -journal article -305525 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 -e297f5b5-ee5c-4200-865a-2c579f0849a8 -1777-571X -14224918 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74715DFC-4582-41FC-86BF-99D56CA12236 +journal article +305525 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 +e297f5b5-ee5c-4200-865a-2c579f0849a8 +1777-571X +14044870 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74715DFC-4582-41FC-86BF-99D56CA12236 @@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ ( -Figs 3 +Figs 3 ; -6 +6 ; Table 1 ) @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ In evaluating the above controversy, we point out that Semigenetta huaiheensis seems to have a more trenchant m1 talonid due to a more dominant, cuspid-like hypoconid at the expense of a low and narrow entoconid ridge ( -Fig. 3 +Fig. 3 ). Apparently based on Dehm’s (1950 : figs 221-227) published figures, Qiu Z.-X. & Gu (1986) suggested that the @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ We are unable to personally examine all the European materials, nor apparently w et al. able to examine the Chinese forms. Overall, it is difficult to evaluate the merits of either side of above arguments, especially since not all published species has high quality photographs and illustrations. While some of Qiu Z.-X. & Gu’s (1986) diagnostic characters may fall within the variations of European species, it may be prudent to wait for larger sample to become available, as the only way to fully address this issue is if new and more complete materials become available. - + FIG . 6. — diff --git a/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC2EA9398705BD01FB7A2EE1.xml b/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC2EA9398705BD01FB7A2EE1.xml index 2024ba0bbbc..cc03bdca0c7 100644 --- a/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC2EA9398705BD01FB7A2EE1.xml +++ b/data/E2/71/56/E271564EFC2EA9398705BD01FB7A2EE1.xml @@ -1,88 +1,88 @@ - - - -A review of the Asian Semigenetta Helbing, 1927 (Viverridae, Feliformia, Carnivora) with a description of two new species, Semigenetta qiae n. sp. from South China and Semigenetta thailandica n. sp. from Thailand + + + +A review of the Asian Semigenetta Helbing, 1927 (Viverridae, Feliformia, Carnivora) with a description of two new species, Semigenetta qiae n. sp. from South China and Semigenetta thailandica n. sp. from Thailand - - -Author + + +Author -Wang, Xiaoming -Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (United States) and Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) -xwang@nhm.org +Wang, Xiaoming +Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (United States) and Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) +xwang@nhm.org - - -Author + + +Author -Jiangzuo, Qigao -Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China) -jiangzuo@ivpp.ac.cn +Jiangzuo, Qigao +Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China) +jiangzuo@ivpp.ac.cn - - -Author + + +Author -Grohé, Camille -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr +Grohé, Camille +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Bonis, Louis de -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -louis.de.bonis@univ-poitiers.fr +Bonis, Louis de +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +louis.de.bonis@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Chaimanee, Yaowalak -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -yao.chaimanee@univ-poitiers.fr +Chaimanee, Yaowalak +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +yao.chaimanee@univ-poitiers.fr - - -Author + + +Author -Jaeger, Jean-Jacques -Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) -camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr +Jaeger, Jean-Jacques +Laboratory Paleontology Evolution Paleoecosystems Paleoprimatology (PALEVOPRIM), CNRS, Ecologie & Environnement and University of Poitiers, 6 rue Michel Brunet, F- 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9 (France) +camille.grohe@univ-poitiers.fr -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-11-06 + +2024 + +2024-11-06 - -23 + +23 - -26 + +26 - -417 -432 + +417 +432 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 -journal article -305525 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 -e297f5b5-ee5c-4200-865a-2c579f0849a8 -1777-571X -14224918 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74715DFC-4582-41FC-86BF-99D56CA12236 +journal article +305525 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a26 +e297f5b5-ee5c-4200-865a-2c579f0849a8 +1777-571X +14044870 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:74715DFC-4582-41FC-86BF-99D56CA12236 @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ ( -Fig. 7 +Fig. 7 ; Table 1 ) @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ Bonis (2021) for original descriptions and -Figure 7 +Figure 7 for a new illustration of the holotype . @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ Although the top of the ascending ramus is broken, the remaining portion seems t . - + FIG . 7. — diff --git a/data/F2/1F/80/F21F8060243CFFCB0083FC879A9E180D.xml b/data/F2/1F/80/F21F8060243CFFCB0083FC879A9E180D.xml index 209d267c463..94eb900757d 100644 --- a/data/F2/1F/80/F21F8060243CFFCB0083FC879A9E180D.xml +++ b/data/F2/1F/80/F21F8060243CFFCB0083FC879A9E180D.xml @@ -1,64 +1,64 @@ - - - -An unusual new ophiuroid (Echinodermata) from the Late Ordovician (early Katian) of Morocco + + + +An unusual new ophiuroid (Echinodermata) from the Late Ordovician (early Katian) of Morocco - - -Author + + +Author -Glass, Alexander -Division of Earth and Climate Sciences Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27708 (United States) -alex.glass@duke.edu +Glass, Alexander +Division of Earth and Climate Sciences Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27708 (United States) +alex.glass@duke.edu - - -Author + + +Author -Blake, Daniel B. -Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 W Green Street, Urbana, 61801 (United States) -dblake@illinois.edu +Blake, Daniel B. +Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 W Green Street, Urbana, 61801 (United States) +dblake@illinois.edu - - -Author + + +Author -Lefebvre, Bertrand -Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planète, Environnement, Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon 1, 2, rue Raphaël-Dubois, F- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France) -bertrand.lefebvre@univ-lyon1.fr +Lefebvre, Bertrand +Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planète, Environnement, Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon 1, 2, rue Raphaël-Dubois, F- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France) +bertrand.lefebvre@univ-lyon1.fr -text - - -Comptes Rendus Palevol +text + + +Comptes Rendus Palevol - -2024 - -2024-10-31 + +2024 + +2024-10-31 - -23 + +23 - -25 + +25 - -401 -415 + +401 +415 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a25 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a25 -journal article -305521 -10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a25 -a4d55b0e-3480-4725-a181-e48b40840c9f -1777-571X -14232508 -urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4681C918-3168-4879-B612-70E54E259633 +journal article +305521 +10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a25 +a4d55b0e-3480-4725-a181-e48b40840c9f +1777-571X +14017083 +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4681C918-3168-4879-B612-70E54E259633 @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ ( -Figs 1-4 +Figs 1-4 ) @@ -223,46 +223,46 @@ Ophiuroid with proximally paired, otherwise ontogenetically offset axials distal HOLOTYPE MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2) Overall form stellate with concave interbrachial margins that smoothly merge with the arms ( -Figs 1A, B +Figs 1A, B ; -3A, E +3A, E ). Aboral disk covered by closely abutting or partially overlapping ovate to polygonal ossicles, surfaces bearing densely arranged shallow pits ( -Figs 1B +Figs 1B ; -2A, C, E, F +2A, C, E, F ). Apex of disk bearing single polygonal ossicle (yellow in -Figures 1C +Figures 1C ; -2B, D, F +2B, D, F ), it surrounded by circlet of ossicles of which at least four are distinguishable ( -Figs 1C +Figs 1C ; -2B, D, F +2B, D, F ). A single row of smaller irregular to polygonal, slightly longer than wide ossicles extend across axis of the proximal arm portions (pink in -Figures 1C +Figures 1C ; -2 +2 ). Where each of these rows enters the disk area it joins a series of similar ossicles (green in -Figures 1C +Figures 1C ; -2B, D, F +2B, D, F ) that extend parallel to interbrachial margin curvature to join central ossicular rows of neighboring arms. The latter (green in -Figure 1C +Figure 1C ) series of ossicles abut directly to the circlet of ossicles that surround the apex ( -Figs 1C +Figs 1C ; -2D, F +2D, F ). Adjacent, on each side of the mid-arm ossicles extends an additional row of often smaller and slightly longer than wide ossicles (orange in -Figures 1C +Figures 1C ; -2B, D, F, H +2B, D, F, H ) that follow the gradual curvature of the interbrachial disk area to the adjacent arm. Evidence of a potential additional outer series of aboral adradial ossicles, as marked by the remnants of multiple individual ossicles of uncertain size and shape along the outermost edges of the disk (see adradial to the orange circlet in -Figures 1C +Figures 1C ). Accessory disk ossicles (spines, granules, articulation sites) not observed. The oral interbrachial disk areas covered by irregular rows of closely abutting, tightly packed, elongated scalar ossicles ( -Fig. 3B, C, E +Fig. 3B, C, E ). Madreporite not observed. - + FIG . 1. — @@ -291,47 +291,47 @@ MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2) Overall form stellate with concave interbrachial margins t Arms taper evenly. At least ten axial-adaxial pairs inside disk, free arm length about as or slightly longer than maximum disk diameter ( -Figs 1 +Figs 1 ; -2 +2 ; -3A +3A ). Axial arrangement across arm midline inconsistent along and among arms: proximally axials (first 3-4 axials) paired or slightly offset, gradually becoming significantly offset (fully alternating) for remainder of arm ( -Figs 1A +Figs 1A ; -3A, B, E +3A, B, E ; -4 +4 A-C). Axial midline straight to slightly sinusoidal ( -Figs 4A, B +Figs 4A, B ). Oral axial adradial ridge surfaces closely abutting proximally and distally, lacking orally visible interaxial muscle gaps ( -Figs 3A, E +Figs 3A, E ; -4A +4A ).Transverse ridge located proximally along the adradial ridge in proximal (first 3-4) axials, thereafter location changes gradually more distally to medially along each axial’s adradial ridge ( -Figs 1A +Figs 1A ; -3A, D, E +3A, D, E ; -4A +4A ). Podial basins round to slightly wider than long ( -Figs 1A +Figs 1A ; -3A, E +3A, E ). Where visible at proximal arm region, podial basin floors formed by the proximal axials, with slightly raised, rounded abradial edges forming rims ( -Figs 3D +Figs 3D ; -4A +4A ), some with possible skeletal gaps between basin floor edge and adradial adaxial wall ( -Fig. 4A +Fig. 4A ). Aboral surface of axials smooth with proximal and distal boundaries slightly curved abradially and distally, resulting in skewed axial shape ( -Fig. 4B, C +Fig. 4B, C ). Adaxials stout, oral abradial surface slightly below axials. Consecutive adaxials closely abutting proximally and distally. Proximal adaxials with single, distal flange, bordering podial basins. More distally, the abradial podial basin margin is partially shared with a proximal flange on distal adaxial. Abradial edge of adaxials slightly curved ( -Figs 3E +Figs 3E ; -4A +4A ). Lateral or groove spines, or associated articulation sites, not recognized. Orally, single adradial podial basin on each mouth angle ossicle, and a proximal-most, scoop-shaped depression between adjacent ( -Fig. 3E +Fig. 3E ). Aboral surface of mouth frame ossicles hidden by aboral skeleton. @@ -351,31 +351,31 @@ exhibit some minor morphological variation from the . Paratype MHNM.15690.113.1.2 exhibits an additional irregular circlet of ossicles between the centermost (blue in -Figure 2B +Figure 2B ) and the outermost aboral circlet (orange in -Figure 2B +Figure 2B ). This paratype is the largest specimen and presence of additional ossicles could be reflective of increased size. Paratype AA.TNMb.OS.2 ( -Fig. 2F +Fig. 2F ) exhibits an unequivocal central apical ossicle surrounded by an aboral circlet of six equally-sized ossicles. In paratype AA.TNMb. OS.28, one of these circlet ossicles appears compound, constructed of three closely fitted ossicles ( -Fig. 2D +Fig. 2D ). Paratype AA.TNMb.OS.23 ( -Fig. 2H +Fig. 2H ) lacks an unequivocal central apical ossicle and associated circlet but the specimen’s overall poor preservation makes identifying ossicular boundaries particularly difficult. Paratypes MHNM.15690.113.1.2 ( -Fig.2B +Fig.2B ) and AA.TNMb. OS.28 ( -Fig. 2D +Fig. 2D ) support the interpretation of a possible additional series of aboral ossicles along the margin of the disk, as described in the holotype . Alternatively, these features might be the aborally exposed abradial edges of the scalar ossicles that cover the oral interbrachia. @@ -384,13 +384,13 @@ MHNM.15690.113.1.2 ( In contrast to the tightly fitted and stout polygonal ossicles on the aboral surface, the interradii of the oral surface consist of oval-shaped scalar ossicles. In places they appear to imbricate slightly towards the mouth as in the holotype ( -Fig. 3E +Fig. 3E ). This is also visible in at least one interbrachial of the paratype MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1 ( -Fig. 3B +Fig. 3B ) where they form shingle-like rows, however, they are more irregularly distributed in others ( -Fig. 3C +Fig. 3C ), perhaps due to disruption. @@ -401,11 +401,11 @@ exhibits 3-4 paired axials before the first offset, at least one arm in each MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3 and MHNT. PAL.2005.0.138.2.1 has up to five paired axials. In contrast, paratype MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3 shows a slight offset of the aboral axial distal surface of the axial immediately beyond the paired circumorals ( -Fig. 4C, D +Fig. 4C, D ), whereas this shift doesn’t occur in some of the arms of paratype MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.2.8 until the second or third axial after the circumoral ( -Fig 4B +Fig 4B ). @@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ The floors of the podial basins and associated abradial cuplike rims adradial to and paratype MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3 ( -Fig. 3D +Fig. 3D ). Here, consistent with a proximal abradial ridge, podial basin floors consist of a single axial. Ossicular boundaries of the podial basins shared by consecutive axials due to centrally located adradial ridges are poorly preserved in all available specimens. It cannot be determined unequivocally that shared podial basins consist of a partial distal floor and the proximal floor of the distal axial, as is the case in some other asterozoans, or whether they consist of distally extended floors of the proximal axial. @@ -423,11 +423,11 @@ The aboral surface of the mouth frame is covered by the disk skeleton in the . Paratypes MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3 and MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.28 have exposed oral mouth frames that exhibit mouth angle ossicles that are long and slender aborally, together with circumorals creating characteristic ophiuran Y-shaped configuration with small, proximal-most torus in MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3 ( -Fig. 4D +Fig. 4D ). - + FIG . 2. — @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3 and MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.28 have exposed oral mouth frame , specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm. - + FIG . 3. — @@ -523,12 +523,12 @@ Even though n. gen., n. sp. is known from multiple specimens in both oral and aboral aspect, ambiguities and poor preservation among and within specimens leave room for alternative interpretations. Some molds are partially filled with a powdery to very-fine, grainy crystalline residue of iron oxide (see -Figs 3A, D +Figs 3A, D ; -4 +4 B-D). The effects on the latex casts include partial or complete loss of boundaries between ossicles, and a granular surface “veneer” obscuring true ossicular surface textures. Missing or partially preserved ossicles, including variations in ossicular depth, might not necessarily be due to taphonomic or diagenetic factors, but a result of variable infilling of the molds with the iron oxides – affecting the fidelity of the final latex cast. These vagaries challenge observation and interpretation of morphology. In particular, it severely limits the application of the detailed “lateral arm plate” (LAP) morphologies proposed byThuy & Stöhr (2011) and used for post-Paleozoic ophiuroids and Paleozoic crown-group members. Adaxial surfaces in available specimens exhibit too few unambiguous details to allow such a comprehensive analysis. - + FIG . 4. —