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<mods:title id="5420725D34C09B8537E31A0E8F9DBC35">The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (Therapsida: Gorgonopsia), with comments on sternal evolution in therapsids</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="A8C85D0FD30A695A485E2EF56467A7D3">The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (Therapsida: Gorgonopsia), with comments on sternal evolution in therapsids</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F65D66E77BAAF36AD95A6F87338D5C42">Sidor, Christian A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DBE12BD757D520B91FC06A257805576A">Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, P. O. Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 - 1800 (United States of America) casidor @ uw. edu (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0EF0BC636A04838E5CB202C37AD7549A">Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, P. O. Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 - 1800 (United States of America) casidor @ uw. edu (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F2AD416FC182AE7E67962AFB7FD9FE6B">Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012 (United States of America) & Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 (United States of America)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="B3888AA326E3870D1122462BC4C8D233">Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012 (United States of America) & Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 (United States of America)</mods:affiliation>
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@ -78,10 +80,10 @@
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. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B657F6C1401114AFBEE0C9BFA16F979" collectionCode="NHCC" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="NHCC LB350" specimenCount="1">
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<materialsCitation id="3B657F6C1401114AFBEE0C9BFA16F979" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981769301" collectionCode="NHCC" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="NHCC LB350" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBABDD4A1401114AFBEE0C9BFB11FA3E" box="[1049,1198,1503,1527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">NHCC LB350</specimenCode>
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, a scattered partial skeleton of a large individual preserving the preorbital portion of the skull and lower jaws, both humeri, the proximal half of the right femur, the posterior portion of the interclavicle, and sternum (
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<tableCitation id="C68F408A1401114AFAA00F6BFA1EF98E" box="[1367,1441,1583,1607]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[133,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. — Representative measurements from the associated skeleton of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (NHCC LB350). All measurements are in millimeters. Symbols: ‡, estimated; *, measurement taken between proximal and distal articulation surfaces." pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Table 1</tableCitation>
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<tableCitation id="C68F408A1401114AFAA00F6BFA1EF98E" box="[1367,1441,1583,1607]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[133,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. — Representative measurements from the associated skeleton of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (NHCC LB350). All measurements are in millimeters. Symbols: ‡, estimated; *, measurement taken between proximal and distal articulation surfaces." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7225B91407114CFF72099FFDE1FEF9" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14207895" tableUuid="DF7225B91407114CFF72099FFDE1FEF9">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Referral to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB21401114AFC6E0F0DFBBFF9A8" baseAuthorityName="Broom & Haughton" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[921,1024,1609,1633]" family="Gorgonopidae" genus="Scymnognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigriceps">
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<emphasis id="B979A9231401114AFC6E0F0DFBBFF9A8" box="[921,1024,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">A. tigriceps</emphasis>
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@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ Peecook
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Detailed locality information is available from the NHCC or by contacting C.A.S.
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</paragraph>
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. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of
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@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ and
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<emphasis id="B979A9231406114DFF730F96FEBFF925" box="[132,256,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Interclavicle</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB275311406114CFF730FB6FE2BFB26" blockId="4.[130,777,1715,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[130,777,822,1263]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<figureCitation id="133669B41406114DFF730FB6FF58F8C4" box="[132,231,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41406114DFF730FB6FF58F8C4" box="[132,231,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
shows the sternum and interclavicle of NHCC LB
|
||||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D41406114DFD170FB6FF28F8E5" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" unit="in" value="350.0">350 in</quantity>
|
||||
ventral view.The interclavicle lies superficial to the sternum, and has been displaced slightly anterolaterally as evidenced by a shallow impression on the ventral surface of the sternum that indicates their contact surface in life. The caudal portion of the interclavicle is relatively flat, with its lateral margins tapering posteriorly to form a blunted V-shape. Interestingly, this shape contrasts the condition depicted for
|
||||
|
|
@ -177,9 +179,9 @@ ventral view.The interclavicle lies superficial to the sternum, and has been dis
|
|||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C01406114DFCDA0FF6FC61F904" author="HAUGHTON S. H." box="[813,990,1714,1741]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" pagination="499 - 517" refId="ref6871" refString="HAUGHTON S. H. 1924. - On some gorgonopsian skulls in the collection of the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 12: 499 - 517." type="journal article" year="1924">Haughton, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
byBroom (1930: fig. 2), where the posterior margin of the interclavicle was indicated as being broadly curved. Based on the impression on the sternum, we believe the posterior end of the interclavicle would have been more pointed in life, as shown in the reconstruction of this element (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41406114DFCC20E16FC3AF8A5" box="[821,901,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1065,1082]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,219,1018]" captionTargetId="figure-620@6.[698,1267,213,752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Sternal variation in gorgonopsians: A, reconstructed sternum and associated elements in Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (NHCC LB350) in ventral view. The anterior portion of the interclavicle is reconstructed on the basis of cf. Arctops sp. (NHCC LB396) and the sternebrae are based on the reconstruction of Gorgonops torvus Owen, 1876 (SAM-PK-K10591) by Bendel et al. (2022). Only the ribs articulating with the sternum are shown; B, sternum of Gorgonops torvus in ventral view; C, sternum of Lycaenops ornatus Broom, 1925 in dorsal view; D, Cyonosaurus sp. in ventral view (based on USNM PAL 412381). Abbreviations: c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; ic, interclavicle; r1, first rib; r2, second rib; r3, third rib; s3, third sternebra. Drawings not to scale. Credits: B, redrawn from Bendel et al. 2022; C, redrawn from Broom 1930." pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41406114DFCC20E16FC3AF8A5" box="[821,901,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1065,1082]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,219,1018]" captionTargetId="figure-620@6.[698,1267,213,752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Sternal variation in gorgonopsians: A, reconstructed sternum and associated elements in Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton, 1913) (NHCC LB350) in ventral view. The anterior portion of the interclavicle is reconstructed on the basis of cf. Arctops sp. (NHCC LB396) and the sternebrae are based on the reconstruction of Gorgonops torvus Owen, 1876 (SAM-PK-K10591) by Bendel et al. (2022). Only the ribs articulating with the sternum are shown; B, sternum of Gorgonops torvus in ventral view; C, sternum of Lycaenops ornatus Broom, 1925 in dorsal view; D, Cyonosaurus sp. in ventral view (based on USNM PAL 412381). Abbreviations: c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; ic, interclavicle; r1, first rib; r2, second rib; r3, third rib; s3, third sternebra. Drawings not to scale. Credits: B, redrawn from Bendel et al. 2022; C, redrawn from Broom 1930." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525970/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Anteriorly, the interclavicle in NHCC LB350 tapers towards its “neck”, which separates the anterior and posterior portions of the bone and features the base of an elongate ventral keel, unfortunately weathered off to a large extent in the current specimen. However, the outline of the keel shows that its lateral margins were subparallel and it had a slightly broader anterior end. The right flank of the interclavicle is dislocated and separated from the rest of the interclavicle by a long, matrix-filled longitudinal crack. Other damage includes several oval to irregularly shaped marks scattered across both sides of the interclavicle and sternum that we interpret as bite marks, likely due to scavenging. The ventral surface of the interclavicle shows a pattern of very fine radiating lines that diverge posteriorly. Its dorsal surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFDBD0D71FD26FB86" box="[586,665,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFDBD0D71FD26FB86" box="[586,665,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is mostly obscured by matrix and a fragmentary right posterior coracoid, but based on what is seen in cf.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB21407114CFDC70D31FD1EFB46" box="[560,673,1141,1167]" family="Gorgonopidae" genus="Arctops" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B979A9231407114CFDC70D31FDC4FB46" box="[560,635,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Arctops</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ sp.
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(NHCC LB396) and other gorgonopsians, one might expect more substantial striations to be present on the interclavicle where it contacted the sternum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF7225B91407114CFF72099FFDE1FEF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" startId="5.[133,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,769,363,741]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
|
||||
<caption id="DF7225B91407114CFF72099FFDE1FEF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14207895" ID-Table-UUID="DF7225B91407114CFF72099FFDE1FEF9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14207895" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7225B91407114CFF72099FFDE1FEF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" startId="5.[133,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,769,363,741]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
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<paragraph id="8BB275311407114CFF72099FFDE1FEF9" blockId="5.[133,775,219,304]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
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<smallCapsWord id="8D54E3ED1407114CFF72099FFF0DFF22" baselines="232,232" box="[133,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
1. — Representative measurements from the associated skeleton of
|
||||
|
|
@ -276,9 +278,9 @@ LB350 measures
|
|||
in maximum anterior-posterior length and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D41407114CFE440C10FDBFFAA7" box="[435,512,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
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||||
transversely.Its outline is best observed in dorsal view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFE4B0C30FDB3FA47" box="[444,524,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFE4B0C30FDB3FA47" box="[444,524,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), where it is shield-like, with a broad anterior portion that tapers, albeit irregularly, posteriorly. Most of the dorsal surface of the sternum forms a relatively shallow concave, or dish-shaped, surface. In lateral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFF320CB7FEA4F9C7" box="[197,283,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFF320CB7FEA4F9C7" box="[197,283,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the ventral surface of its rib-bearing portion is angled slightly ventrally, which gives the sternum a slightly concave ventral surface when viewed from the side. As preserved, the element is not perfectly symmetrical, with most asymmetry concentrated about the outline of the costal facets. The anterior margin of the sternum is oriented transversely and is slightly thickened at the midline. This thickening continues onto the dorsal surface of the sternum for a short distance, but then flattens out both posteriorly and laterally. Overall, the element is thin dorsoventrally near its center (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B979A9231407114CFD7C0E57FD23F8E5" box="[651,668,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">c.</emphasis>
|
||||
<quantity id="4CF5D8D41407114CFD560E56FD44F8E4" box="[673,763,1810,1837]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
|
|
@ -294,11 +296,11 @@ transversely.Its outline is best observed in dorsal view (
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BB275311407114CFCB4099CFA2CFBE6" blockId="5.[811,1458,216,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
Three well-defined costal articulations are present on each side of the caudal half of the sternum, with those on the left side being better preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFBAE0853FB10FEFB" box="[1113,1199,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFBAE0853FB10FEFB" box="[1113,1199,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The first costal facet is the smallest and is positioned at the boundary between the broad anterior portion of the sternum and where it begins to taper. On both sides, the second costal facet has a pocket of unfinished bone adjacent to it, suggesting this is a natural feature. The third costal facet is the best ossified and saddleshaped, with a parallelogram-like outline. The anatomy preserved suggests that all three were mobile joints, not synarthroses. In dorsal or ventral views (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFB6B0B53FAB5FDF8" box="[1180,1290,535,561]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFB6B0B53FAB5FDF8" box="[1180,1290,535,561]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), a semicircular notch is present just posterior to each costal facet, with the anterior two having a sloping surface of finished bone, such that their ventral margin is lateral to their dorsal margin. The third notch is a deep, roughly triangular fossa of unfinished bone with a raised rim (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFBC30BF2FB37FD19" box="[1076,1160,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFBC30BF2FB37FD19" box="[1076,1160,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), unlike the preceding two notches that blend into the dorsal surface of the sternum.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C08C01407114CFCD90BB2FBB9FCD9" author="BENDEL E. - M. & KAMMERER C. F. & LUO Z. - X. & SMITH R. M. H. & FROBISCH J." box="[814,1030,758,784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" refId="ref6211" refString="BENDEL E. - M., KAMMERER C. F., LUO Z. - X., SMITH R. M. H. & FROBISCH J. 2022. - The earliest segmental sternum in a Permian synapsid and its implications for the evolution of mammalian locomotion and ventilation. Scientific Reports 12: 13472. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 022 - 17492 - 6" type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||||
Bendel
|
||||
|
|
@ -318,9 +320,9 @@ LB350 seems difficult given the wide separation of the third costal facet from t
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BB275311407114CFCB40D71FB96FA04" blockId="5.[811,1458,216,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
At the caudal end of the sternum, the articulation for the anteriormost sternebra has a complex shape. In ventral view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFCC10D30FC37FB46" box="[822,904,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFCC10D30FC37FB46" box="[822,904,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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), it can be seen to be formed by two faces that meet at a very high angle. In posterior view (
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<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFB210DD0FA96FB66" box="[1238,1321,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="133669B41407114CFB210DD0FA96FB66" box="[1238,1321,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[131,142,1563,1580]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1514]" captionTargetId="figure-339@4.[698,1267,776,1339]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — The sternum and interclavicle of Aelurognathus tigriceps (Broom & Haughton,1913) (NHCC LB350). Specimen in: A, ventral view;B, dorsal view; C, posterior view; D, left lateral view. Anterior is to the top of the page in A and B, and to the left in D. Dorsal is to the top of the page in C. Abbreviations: bm, possible bite mark;c1, facet for articulation of first rib; c2, facet for articulation of second rib; c3, facet for articulation of third rib; fs, facet for articulation of first sternebra; ic, interclavicle; k, weathered ventral keel; st, sternum. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525968/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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), the articulation surface as a whole is subrectangular in outline, with a rounded ventral margin, but each face is gently convex. There is no indication of a distinct articular surface for a costal cartilage, as implied by the reconstruction of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D0EB21407114CFAB40C50FA11FAE7" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1876" box="[1347,1454,1300,1326]" family="Gorgonopidae" genus="Gorgonops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B979A9231407114CFAB40C50FA11FAE7" box="[1347,1454,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Gorgonops</emphasis>
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@ -1,64 +1,64 @@
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(
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFE21D40B8278C855A80F350" box="[1094,1176,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFE21D40B8278C855A80F350" box="[1094,1176,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -136,12 +136,12 @@ Heller, 1983: 211
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE21D4FBF4C8E425CB5F1B2" blockId="7.[811,1457,1556,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[130,776,1459,2028]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||||
Both teeth are unworn and belonged to a relatively young animal. In the occlusal view, P4 has a rectangular triangle outline (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFE21D40BFE88E025DDEF0D3" box="[905,966,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFE21D40BFE88E025DDEF0D3" box="[905,966,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The crown is divided into two morphologically distinct parts, the trigon extending buccally and the talon lingually. All margins are rounded, with two considerable concaves. The mesial concave is situated on the median part, on the border between the parastyle and protocone. The buccal concavity is placed almost exactly in the medium of this margin. The elongated and large parastyle is a crescent, low cusp. Its apex and the mesial wall of the paracone are connected by a distinct, low, thick crest, which does not extend to the paracone apex. The high, conical paracone is oriented almost vertically. It is separated from the protocone by a wide, not very deep, V-shaped valley. This distinct cusp has three crests, two mesial and one distal. The first mesial crest, low and flat, runs mesio-lingually from the top. The second, much thicker and stronger crest runs mesially toward a parastyle in the mesio-buccal margin of the crown as part of the mesial cingulum. The distal crest is orientated oblique-longitudinally, running from the top toward the metacone. The elongated and enlarged parastyle is pointed mesially and narrows distally. Its internal, broad surface forms an elongated, triangular, shallow basin, slightly deeper in the middle. The whole protocone is collared by a thick, high cingulum, especially strong on the mesial and mesio-lingual margins. The talon is mesio-distally enlarged and broad, and its distal margin does not reach the distal margin of the metacone in the occlusal view. The metacone is lower than the paracone and the crest that connects the two cusps is curved lingually. On the buccal wall of the talon a flat and relatively deep surface in the form of a concave meniscus is present. A stronger cingulum is present only on the disto-lingual margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFED1D4FBE3E8FA05C84F1B2" box="[607,668,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFED1D4FBE3E8FA05C84F1B2" box="[607,668,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF6B6677FFED1D4FBCE58D235F06F3CE" pageId="8" pageNumber="345" startId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" targetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="DF6B6677FFED1D4FBCE58D235F06F3CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="345" startId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" targetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFED1D4FBCE58D235F06F3CE" blockId="8.[132,1456,1362,1424]" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFED1D4FBCE58D235E85F33C" baselines="1375,1375" box="[132,157,1362,1379]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 4. — The P4-M1 of
|
||||
|
|
@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ from Voigtstedt (
|
|||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFED1D4EBF228DC55FA1F76C" blockId="8.[811,1457,1459,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[132,776,216,306]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">
|
||||
M1 has a bean-shaped occlusal outline, and the crown is oriented disto-lingually (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFED1D4FB83C8DA25A86F3B3" box="[1117,1182,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFED1D4FB83C8DA25A86F3B3" box="[1117,1182,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="345">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In relation to P4, it is situated more disto-lingually. There are two considerable concavities, buccal and distal. The buccal one is situated in the median part between the paracone and the metacone. The distal depression is located on the border between the trigon and talon. In the lateral view, the crown is strongly concave in the median part. The depression is a wide, flat, U-shaped valley, which runs transversally through the whole crown length. The trigon is slightly shorter than the talon, with two well developed, main cusps. Both cusps are relatively high and spherical, and the paracone is slightly higher and larger than the metacone. Both cusps are separated by a wide, not very deep, V-shaped valley. The elongated talon is broad, with rounded margins. The protocone is elongated and well developed, connected to the paracone by a strong and thin crest. The hypocone is on the disto-lingual corner of the talon and is crest-like. The central, extensive basin of the talon is concave, shallow and smooth. The moderately developed cingulum is placed only on the disto-lingual margin of the talon (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBD0B89665FB1F76C" box="[362,425,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBD0B89665FB1F76C" box="[362,425,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ and
|
|||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEC1D4EBCC58B475EEEF511" box="[164,246,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">antiqua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is an irregular quadratic (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBE6C8B475C53F50E" box="[525,587,822,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBE6C8B475C53F50E" box="[525,587,822,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The parastyle is smaller and less distinct in the Hunas specimen.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEC1D4EBCFA8B045FFBF3B0" blockId="9.[130,777,344,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">
|
||||
|
|
@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ are the shape of the protocone and the talon of P4. The protocone of
|
|||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEC1D4EBD8C8BC75C27F591" box="[493,575,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">antiqua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is extremely large, long and broad, with a deep, crescent inner surface. It is collared, as the rest of the crown (except the buccal margin) by a very thick and strong cingulum wall. Secondly, the buccal median concavity is much more strongly developed, the talon is oriented particularly disto-buccally, far beyond the main axis of the tooth. Both features in the Hunas otter are less developed (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBD638CE55F59F2F1" box="[258,321,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBD638CE55F59F2F1" box="[258,321,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Also, the M1 of the Hunas otter differs from that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEC1D4EBD748CC45F9FF290" baseAuthorityName="de Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[277,391,1205,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Cyrnaonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiqua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEC1D4EBD748CC45F3EF291" box="[277,294,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">C</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ from Voigtstedt (800-700 kya;
|
|||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEC1D4EBEAF8E835D18F152" box="[718,768,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">lutra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, teeth of both fossil specimens have proportionally larger, semilunar parastyles, much longer and broader protocones, which is oriented noticeably more mesio-lingually and stronger developed paracone crests (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBDC88F035FFFF1D2" box="[425,487,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBDC88F035FFFF1D2" box="[425,487,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEC1D4EBCFA8FE35AC5F48E" blockId="9.[130,777,344,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[811,1458,216,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">
|
||||
|
|
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ The Hunas otter differs from Voigtstedt in a longer protocone with shallower int
|
|||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEC1D4EB82888A95A63F6AC" box="[1097,1147,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">lutra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a small blunt cusp in the disto-buccal crown margin. It is separated from the paracone on the buccal side by a distinct valley. A low protocone is included in the mesio-lingual margin of the crown as a crest-like wall running from the protocone toward the metacone. It forms the lingual border of one or two shallow depressions situated between the protocone, paracone and metacone. The depressions are separated from each other by a transverse wall. The external margin of the crown consists of a low cingulum visible in the buccal view. Also, an indistinct cingulum is situated below the parastyle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EB83F8A665A82F46F" box="[1118,1178,535,561]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EB83F8A665A82F46F" box="[1118,1178,535,561]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Morphologically, the P4 from Hunas most closely resembles the P4 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFEC1D4EB9428A465B6AF40E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1315,1394,566,593]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEC1D4EB9428A465B29F40E" box="[1315,1329,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">L</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -337,14 +337,14 @@ When comparing the M1 of the Hunas otter with the
|
|||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFEC1D4EBF2B8A875DDEF54E" box="[842,966,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">simplicidens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Voigtstedt, it was found that they differ considerably (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBFA78B675A1EF56E" box="[966,1030,790,816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EBFA78B675A1EF56E" box="[966,1030,790,816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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||||
). The occlusal outline of both teeth is different. In the M1 from Hunas the crown curved considerably, with the distal walls of the trigon and talon directed strongly distally. In the M1 from Voigtstedt the main axis of the crown running from disto-buccally to the mesio-lingual side, with almost straight trigon and talon in the occlusal view. In relation to P4, it is pushed more buccally (
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EB9358BA45B89F5B1" box="[1364,1425,981,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EB9358BA45B89F5B1" box="[1364,1425,981,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEC1D4EBF228B845A4CF3B3" blockId="9.[811,1458,216,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">
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||||
In the Voigtstedt M1 the trigon and talon are of similar length, while in Hunas the talon is longer. The median concavity on the buccal margin of the trigon is stronger developed in Hunas M1. While in the Hunas otter the paracone is only slightly higher and larger than the metacone, in the Voigtstedt M1 the paracone is considerably larger and higher than the metacone. The transversal depression running through the whole crown length and separated trigon from the talon in Hunas M1 is much broader and shallower. The protocone and hypocone constriction is lower and shorter, ending on the mesial margin of the talon. In the Voigtstedt otter this structure is much longer, thicker and curved, reaching the central point of the internal talon basin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EB8BA8D055B0FF3D0" box="[1243,1303,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EB8BA8D055B0FF3D0" box="[1243,1303,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The internal basin of the Hunas otter is more elongated, narrower and shallower than in the Voigtstedt otter. The lingual cingulum is more strongly developed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEC1D4EBF228D825A49F112" blockId="9.[811,1458,216,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">
|
||||
|
|
@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ Contrary to that, the M1 of the Hunas otter holds many similarities with the ext
|
|||
like M1, in relations to the P4, pushed more lingually and less perpendicularly, similar size of paracone and metacone, broad and shallow depression separated trigon and talon, relatively short and low protocone and arched curved crown in the occlusal view. However, it simultaneously differs in the less arched trigon and talon, more strongly developed median concavity on the trigon buccal margin, higher
|
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<typeStatus id="54AF885DFFEC1D4EB8028E825A82F153" box="[1123,1178,1779,1805]" pageId="9" pageNumber="346" type="paratype">para-</typeStatus>
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and metacone and longer talon, with broader and more extensive internal basin, and stronger cingulum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EB8628F435A59F112" box="[1027,1089,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEC1D4EB8628F435A59F112" box="[1027,1089,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1362,1379]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-91@8.[698,1267,215,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. — The P4-M1 of Lutra Brisson,1762 species: A, Lutra lutra groissii Heller, 1983 from Hunas (HHu 4020);B, extant Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) from Silesia; C, D, Lutra simplicidens Thenius, 1965 from Voigtstedt (C, IQW 1966/7314 (Voi. 3532); D, IQW 1966/7313 (Voi. 3525); modified after Cherin (2017: 436; fig. 2). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="346">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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@ -1,64 +1,66 @@
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<treatment id="03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">
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<treatment id="03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14248863" ID-GBIF-Taxon="248070546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14248863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87E9FFEB1D56BD728DA25F43F42E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="14" pageNumber="351" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Mustelidae" scope_infraOrder="Arctoidea" scope_order="Carnivora" scope_subOrder="Caniformia">
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFEB1D49BD728DA25C60F3B0" box="[275,632,1491,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEB1D49BD728DA25C60F3B0" blockId="14.[275,632,1491,1518]" box="[275,632,1491,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">
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<heading id="D0E38193FFEB1D49BD728DA25C60F3B0" box="[275,632,1491,1518]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="351" reason="2">
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||||
|
|
@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ Linnaeus, 1758
|
|||
<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFEB1D49BDF58D825FEEF053" box="[404,502,1523,1550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEB1D49BDF58D825FEEF053" blockId="14.[404,502,1523,1550]" box="[404,502,1523,1550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEB1D49BDFC8D825FF7F053" box="[413,495,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="351">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEB1D49BDFC8D825FF7F053" box="[413,495,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525815/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ aff.
|
|||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFEB1D49BCE58E875D10F153" box="[132,776,1781,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEB1D49BCE58E875D10F153" blockId="14.[132,776,1781,1805]" box="[132,776,1781,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B7C3CA2FFEB1D49BCE58E875D1CF153" box="[132,772,1781,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B7C3CA2FFEB1D49BCE58E875D1CF153" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986898303" box="[132,772,1781,1805]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFEB1D49BCE58E875EFDF155" baselines="1799,1799" box="[132,229,1782,1805]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Referred" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">REFERRED</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFEB1D49BC8B8E8A5F5EF152" baselines="1800" box="[234,326,1787,1804]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. — Humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, 3 metapodials
|
||||
|
|
@ -132,23 +134,23 @@ aff.
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEB1D49BCE58F225AFBF113" blockId="14.[130,776,1843,2027]" lastBlockId="14.[811,1457,1491,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">
|
||||
Long and narrow humerus has a flat and narrow head. The greater tubercle extends distally along the side of the articulation surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEB1D49BD6D8FE35F5FF1F2" box="[268,327,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="351">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEB1D49BD6D8FE35F5FF1F2" box="[268,327,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525811/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The well-marked neck is directed distally. The lesser tubercle is well-developed. The rugose area on the inner surface of the shaft for the attachment of the inner humeral head of the triceps muscle is prominent. The lateral epicondylar crest is strongly developed towards the lateral epicondyle from the last distal fourth. The medial epicondylar crest is prominent and has a narrow supracondylar foramen. The strong medial condyle is situated slightly back, while the lateral condyle is deeper in the mesio-distal direction. A rounded and shallow coronoid fossa does not connect with the wide and deep olecranon pit (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEB1D49B8FA8EC35AC2F092" box="[1179,1242,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="351">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEB1D49B8FA8EC35AC2F092" box="[1179,1242,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525811/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The radius is thin and flattened dorso-ventrally, and it has a slightly concave ventral surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEB1D49BFB48E835A09F152" box="[981,1041,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="351">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEB1D49BFB48E835A09F152" box="[981,1041,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525811/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The moderately large head has a shallow and rounded articular surface. It is mesially collared by a moderately prominent coronoid process.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEB1D48BF228F235C2FF2D1" blockId="14.[811,1457,1491,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[130,777,758,1805]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="14" pageNumber="351">
|
||||
The articulation surface for the lesser sigmoid cavity is relatively large. The distal end is widened laterally, with a well-marked elliptical glenoid cavity, framed by a rough condyle on the ventral and medial sides. The facet for the ulna is small, while the styloid process is well-developed. The grooves for the extensor muscle tendons, extensors carpi radialis longior and brevior muscles are broad and deep. The scapholunar articulation area is relatively short and broad (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BEE48B475CDDF511" box="[645,709,821,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BEE48B475CDDF511" box="[645,709,821,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525811/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The ulna is massive, with a strong but short proximal end (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BEDA8B245CEFF531" box="[699,759,853,879]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BEDA8B245CEFF531" box="[699,759,853,879]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525811/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The surface for attachment of the scapular head of the triceps muscle is broad and strongly rugose. The olecranon has a quadrilateral shape with its apex hollowed out in part of a small cavity bordered by two fairly prominent tubercles. The shaft is curved in the lateral and medial view and massive in its longitudinal extent. The articulating surface for the radius is large, while the articulating surface for the pisiform is quite narrow. The distal end is characterised by a significant protrusion of the ulnar styloid process (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BD888C055C3FF2D0" box="[489,551,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BD888C055C3FF2D0" box="[489,551,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1365,1382]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-191@14.[698,1267,769,1326]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Long bones of the forelimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas: A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758, right humerus (♂, Hu/4207); B-N, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, left humerus (♂, Hu/4569);C, right humerus (♂, Hu/4217);D, right humerus (♂, Hu/4393);E, right humerus (♀, Hu/4481); F, right humerus (♀, Hu/4431); G, left ulna (♂, Hu/4408); H, left ulna (♂, Hu/4510); I, left ulna (♀, Hu/4487); J, left ulna (♀, Hu/4425); K, left radius (♂, Hu/4310); L, right radius (♂, Hu/4519); M, left radius (♀, Hu/4182); N, left radius (♀, Hu/4434). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525811/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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).
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||||
</paragraph>
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5. — Dimensions of long bones of different small, European
|
||||
|
|
@ -344,13 +346,13 @@ Linnaeus, 1766
|
|||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFEA1D48BCFA8CE55D1FF152" blockId="15.[130,777,758,1805]" pageId="15" pageNumber="352">
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||||
The long, cylindrical femur possesses a spherical head with a prominent neck (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BD378CC55F8DF291" box="[342,405,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BD378CC55F8DF291" box="[342,405,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525815/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The trochanteric fossa is narrow and deep. The lesser trochanter is a slight conical prominence. The shaft is slightly bowed in its longitudinal extent. The greater trochanter rises distinctly above the head level and is obliquely truncated on its lateral side. The surface of the trochanter extends further down the proximal extremity of the femur. The tibial articulations are nearly equal in size. At the distal end, the condyles are separated by a broad and deep groove. The lateral condyle is slightly more developed than the medial one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BD0D8DA25FB2F3B0" box="[364,426,1491,1518]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BD0D8DA25FB2F3B0" box="[364,426,1491,1518]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525815/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The body of the long and thin tibia is triangular in its proximal third, slightly convex medially, with a large tibial fossa from the lateral side (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BEED8E625CD0F070" box="[652,712,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BEED8E625CD0F070" box="[652,712,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525815/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The distal surface below the head is narrow and shallow. The tibial crest is well marked but relatively short. At the distal end, the articular surface consists of two separate grooves. The medial throat is deeper than the lateral one. The grooves for tendons of the flexor longus digitorum and tibialis posticus muscles are well defined at the distal epiphysis. The notch incising the mesial border of the distal surface is quite small (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BED88E835CEFF153" box="[697,759,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFEA1D48BED88E835CEFF153" box="[697,759,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525815/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="352">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,64 +1,64 @@
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<treatment id="03BD87E9FFF41D52BD7A8AC75B7BF153" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14248865" ID-GBIF-Taxon="248070544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14248865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87E9FFF41D52BD7A8AC75B7BF153" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87E9FFF41D52BD7A8AC75B7BF153" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="17" pageNumber="354" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Mustelidae" scope_infraOrder="Arctoidea" scope_order="Carnivora" scope_subOrder="Caniformia">
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFF41D56BD7A8AC75C68F48E" box="[283,624,694,721]" pageId="17" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
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|
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Linnaeus, 1766
|
|||
<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFF41D56BDE48AA75C1EF4AE" box="[389,518,726,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="354" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFF41D56BDE48AA75C1EF4AE" blockId="17.[389,518,726,752]" box="[389,518,726,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BDEC8AA75FD4F4AE" box="[397,460,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BDEC8AA75FD4F4AE" box="[397,460,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-148@16.[698,1267,785,1359]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 7. — Long bones of the hindlimb of the two smallest mustelids from Hunas:A, Mustela erminea Linnaeus,1758, right femur (♂, Hu/4205);B-I, Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766: B, right femur (♂, Hu/4226); C, left femur (♂, Hu/4475); D, right femur (♀, Hu/4419); E, left femur (♀, Hu/4493); F, right tibia (♂, Hu/4229); G, left tibia (♂, Hu/4151); H, right tibia (♀, Hu/4444); I, left tibia (♀, Hu/4170). Numbers: 1, dorsal view; 2,ventral view. Credits: photo by B. Hilpert. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525815/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
B-H)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -183,20 +183,20 @@ aff.
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFF41D56BCE58CE55FCCF1D2" blockId="17.[130,777,1141,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">
|
||||
The elongated and low mandibular body has a constant lateral thickness for its whole length (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BD968CC55C2CF290" box="[503,564,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas as an example of strong sexual dimorphism: A, ♂ (Hu/4049, 4.97 mm); B, ♂ (Hu/45434.76 mm); C, ♂ (Hu/4581, 4.08 mm); D, ♂ (Hu/4120, 4.04 mm); E, ♀ (Hu/4583, 3.98 mm); F, ♀ (Hu/4074, 3.97 mm); G, ♀ (Hu/4602, 3.98 mm); H, ♀ (Hu/4057, 3.98 mm); I, ♀ (Hu/4587, 2.87 mm). In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given. Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view (A and D reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BD968CC55C2CF290" box="[503,564,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas as an example of strong sexual dimorphism: A, ♂ (Hu/4049, 4.97 mm); B, ♂ (Hu/45434.76 mm); C, ♂ (Hu/4581, 4.08 mm); D, ♂ (Hu/4120, 4.04 mm); E, ♀ (Hu/4583, 3.98 mm); F, ♀ (Hu/4074, 3.97 mm); G, ♀ (Hu/4602, 3.98 mm); H, ♀ (Hu/4057, 3.98 mm); I, ♀ (Hu/4587, 2.87 mm). In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given. Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view (A and D reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525817/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The lower margin is moderately curved and reaches the curvature peak below the m1 level. The symphysis is long and narrow. Two oval-shaped mental foramina are of similar size but are located on different levels. The mesial one is situated higher, below p2 and the distal one are located below the distal root of p3, and on a lower level than the first. Some specimens have a vestigial, longitudinal, lingual furrow of the mandibular body, but the degree of development varies substantially between individuals from weak to moderate. In most individuals this structure is absent. The strong ramus has a shape of rectangular triangle. Its mesial margin rises gently to the top, while the distal margin is almost vertical. The condylar process is massive and short, elongated laterally and inclined slightly downward on the medial side. It is positioned below the teeth row. The angular process is short and is shaped like a rectangular triangle. The deep masseteric fossa has a rounded mesial margin and reaches the m1/m2 boundary. The teeth row is straight in the occlusal view, with only the p2 crown placed at an angle of 30-40o to the rest of the teeth. The distal halves of p3-p4 are oriented disto-buccally. The teeth are positioned loosely to each other, and between them are visible small diastemas (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BDE78F035FDCF1D2" box="[390,452,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas as an example of strong sexual dimorphism: A, ♂ (Hu/4049, 4.97 mm); B, ♂ (Hu/45434.76 mm); C, ♂ (Hu/4581, 4.08 mm); D, ♂ (Hu/4120, 4.04 mm); E, ♀ (Hu/4583, 3.98 mm); F, ♀ (Hu/4074, 3.97 mm); G, ♀ (Hu/4602, 3.98 mm); H, ♀ (Hu/4057, 3.98 mm); I, ♀ (Hu/4587, 2.87 mm). In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given. Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view (A and D reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BDE78F035FDCF1D2" box="[390,452,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas as an example of strong sexual dimorphism: A, ♂ (Hu/4049, 4.97 mm); B, ♂ (Hu/45434.76 mm); C, ♂ (Hu/4581, 4.08 mm); D, ♂ (Hu/4120, 4.04 mm); E, ♀ (Hu/4583, 3.98 mm); F, ♀ (Hu/4074, 3.97 mm); G, ♀ (Hu/4602, 3.98 mm); H, ♀ (Hu/4057, 3.98 mm); I, ♀ (Hu/4587, 2.87 mm). In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given. Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view (A and D reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525817/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFF41D56BCFA8FE35A29F5CE" blockId="17.[130,777,1141,2027]" lastBlockId="17.[812,1457,216,912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">
|
||||
The elongated and oval p2 is moderately reduced (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BEC08FE35CC6F1F2" box="[673,734,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas as an example of strong sexual dimorphism: A, ♂ (Hu/4049, 4.97 mm); B, ♂ (Hu/45434.76 mm); C, ♂ (Hu/4581, 4.08 mm); D, ♂ (Hu/4120, 4.04 mm); E, ♀ (Hu/4583, 3.98 mm); F, ♀ (Hu/4074, 3.97 mm); G, ♀ (Hu/4602, 3.98 mm); H, ♀ (Hu/4057, 3.98 mm); I, ♀ (Hu/4587, 2.87 mm). In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given. Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view (A and D reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BEC08FE35CC6F1F2" box="[673,734,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas as an example of strong sexual dimorphism: A, ♂ (Hu/4049, 4.97 mm); B, ♂ (Hu/45434.76 mm); C, ♂ (Hu/4581, 4.08 mm); D, ♂ (Hu/4120, 4.04 mm); E, ♀ (Hu/4583, 3.98 mm); F, ♀ (Hu/4074, 3.97 mm); G, ♀ (Hu/4602, 3.98 mm); H, ♀ (Hu/4057, 3.98 mm); I, ♀ (Hu/4587, 2.87 mm). In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given. Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view (A and D reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525817/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BE888FE35CEFF1F2" box="[745,759,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1442,1459]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-429@20.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Mandibles of the average and large sized ♂♂ of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas: A, Hu/4036 (4.27 mm); B, Hu/4549 (4.27 mm); C, Hu/4551 (4.32 mm); D, Hu/4056 (4.47 mm);E, Hu/4562 (4.48 mm); F, Hu/4222 (4.57 mm);G, Hu/4042 (4.59 mm); H, Hu/4550 (4.38 mm); I, Hu/4548 (4.38 mm); J, Hu/4557 (4.37 mm);K, Hu/4034 (4.88 mm);L, Hu/4033 (4.52 mm); M, Hu/4054 (4.78 mm); N, Hu/4552 (4.69 mm);O, Hu/4219 (4.39 mm).In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given.Numbers:1, buccal view;2, lingual view;3, occlusal view (D, E, F, and M reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="17" pageNumber="354">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BE888FE35CEFF1F2" box="[745,759,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1442,1459]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-429@20.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Mandibles of the average and large sized ♂♂ of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas: A, Hu/4036 (4.27 mm); B, Hu/4549 (4.27 mm); C, Hu/4551 (4.32 mm); D, Hu/4056 (4.47 mm);E, Hu/4562 (4.48 mm); F, Hu/4222 (4.57 mm);G, Hu/4042 (4.59 mm); H, Hu/4550 (4.38 mm); I, Hu/4548 (4.38 mm); J, Hu/4557 (4.37 mm);K, Hu/4034 (4.88 mm);L, Hu/4033 (4.52 mm); M, Hu/4054 (4.78 mm); N, Hu/4552 (4.69 mm);O, Hu/4219 (4.39 mm).In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given.Numbers:1, buccal view;2, lingual view;3, occlusal view (D, E, F, and M reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525819/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The two-rooted p3 is low and moderately massive. The protoconid is pushed strongly mesially and almost exactly to the axis of the tooth. The blunt mesial and rounded distal margins have a weak cingulum. The crown bears an elongated, well-developed, distal, cingular projection. The buccal edge is straight, while the lingual one is weakly convex. The two-rooted p4 is an elongated and robust tooth, with a prominent, medially positioned protoconid, which is moderately separated from the surrounding cingulum. Before the protoconid is a crescent, shallow valley. The stronger cingulum is situated on the distal margin. The mesial and distal margins are blunt, while the distal halves of the buccal and lingual edges are strongly convex. This bulge is more developed on the buccal side. The elongated and narrow m1 is moderately trenchant. The crown has a long and low paraconid and prominent, but relatively low protoconid. The trigonid is moderately long and low in relation to tooth length. The buccal margin is moderately convex. The lingual margin of the paraconid and talonid is straight, while the lingual edge of the protoconid is moderately convex. The short and moderately broad talonid bears a centrally positioned hypoconid. The reduced m2 is a moderately large, oval-shaped and one-rooted tooth with a low crown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BFA28B045A1CF5CE" box="[963,1028,885,912]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas as an example of strong sexual dimorphism: A, ♂ (Hu/4049, 4.97 mm); B, ♂ (Hu/45434.76 mm); C, ♂ (Hu/4581, 4.08 mm); D, ♂ (Hu/4120, 4.04 mm); E, ♀ (Hu/4583, 3.98 mm); F, ♀ (Hu/4074, 3.97 mm); G, ♀ (Hu/4602, 3.98 mm); H, ♀ (Hu/4057, 3.98 mm); I, ♀ (Hu/4587, 2.87 mm). In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given. Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view (A and D reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56BFA28B045A1CF5CE" box="[963,1028,885,912]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" captionTargetId="figure-140@18.[698,1267,213,768]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas as an example of strong sexual dimorphism: A, ♂ (Hu/4049, 4.97 mm); B, ♂ (Hu/45434.76 mm); C, ♂ (Hu/4581, 4.08 mm); D, ♂ (Hu/4120, 4.04 mm); E, ♀ (Hu/4583, 3.98 mm); F, ♀ (Hu/4074, 3.97 mm); G, ♀ (Hu/4602, 3.98 mm); H, ♀ (Hu/4057, 3.98 mm); I, ♀ (Hu/4587, 2.87 mm). In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given. Numbers: 1, buccal view; 2, lingual view; 3, occlusal view (A and D reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525817/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56B8738B075A38F5CE" box="[1042,1056,886,912]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1442,1459]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-429@20.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Mandibles of the average and large sized ♂♂ of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas: A, Hu/4036 (4.27 mm); B, Hu/4549 (4.27 mm); C, Hu/4551 (4.32 mm); D, Hu/4056 (4.47 mm);E, Hu/4562 (4.48 mm); F, Hu/4222 (4.57 mm);G, Hu/4042 (4.59 mm); H, Hu/4550 (4.38 mm); I, Hu/4548 (4.38 mm); J, Hu/4557 (4.37 mm);K, Hu/4034 (4.88 mm);L, Hu/4033 (4.52 mm); M, Hu/4054 (4.78 mm); N, Hu/4552 (4.69 mm);O, Hu/4219 (4.39 mm).In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given.Numbers:1, buccal view;2, lingual view;3, occlusal view (D, E, F, and M reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="17" pageNumber="354">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF41D56B8738B075A38F5CE" box="[1042,1056,886,912]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1442,1459]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-429@20.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Mandibles of the average and large sized ♂♂ of Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 from Hunas: A, Hu/4036 (4.27 mm); B, Hu/4549 (4.27 mm); C, Hu/4551 (4.32 mm); D, Hu/4056 (4.47 mm);E, Hu/4562 (4.48 mm); F, Hu/4222 (4.57 mm);G, Hu/4042 (4.59 mm); H, Hu/4550 (4.38 mm); I, Hu/4548 (4.38 mm); J, Hu/4557 (4.37 mm);K, Hu/4034 (4.88 mm);L, Hu/4033 (4.52 mm); M, Hu/4054 (4.78 mm); N, Hu/4552 (4.69 mm);O, Hu/4219 (4.39 mm).In brackets together with collection number also L m1 in mm of particular specimens are given.Numbers:1, buccal view;2, lingual view;3, occlusal view (D, E, F, and M reversed). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525819/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="354">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ Compared to
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
possesses, longer ones on average, reaching m1/2 up to the trigonid/talonid m1 border, and deeper masseteric fossa, for which the mesial margin is almost always rounded;
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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||||
<caption id="DF6B6677FFF71D55BCE58CEA5DE3F2AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525817/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="355" startId="18.[132,143,1179,1196]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1136]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFF71D55BCE58CEA5DE3F2AE" blockId="18.[132,1455,1177,1264]" pageId="18" pageNumber="355">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFF71D55BCE58CEA5E85F2F5" baselines="1192,1192" box="[132,157,1179,1196]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="18" pageNumber="355">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 8. — Mandibles of the largest and smallest individuals of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ from Hunas with the extant Silesian population of this species, we found few dis
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, longitudinal, lingual furrow of the mandibular body.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF6B6677FFF11D53BCE58DD35BA9F3A9" pageId="20" pageNumber="357" startId="20.[132,143,1442,1459]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1400]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
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<caption id="DF6B6677FFF11D53BCE58DD35BA9F3A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525819" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525819/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="357" startId="20.[132,143,1442,1459]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1400]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
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||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFF11D53BCE58DD35BA9F3A9" blockId="20.[132,1457,1441,1527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="357">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFF11D53BCE58DD35E85F3ED" baselines="1455,1456" box="[132,157,1442,1459]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="20" pageNumber="357">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 9. — Mandibles of the average and large sized ♂♂ of
|
||||
|
|
@ -1302,9 +1302,9 @@ is characterised by a stronger development of progressive features compared to t
|
|||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFF01D52BD068E425FB3F013" box="[359,427,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">nivalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is visible in the comparison shown above (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF01D52BD2A8E225F81F033" box="[331,409,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1005,1022]" captionTargetBox="[149,1456,192,993]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@22.[237,1435,248,772]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 10. — A list of selected features of the morphology of small Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 males, shown as a percentage of the base population of the extant Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 males (grey line), for which the values of all features are presented as 100%. Black line, extant Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 males; red line, Mustela nivalis males from Hunas. For citation see the chapter Material." pageId="21" pageNumber="358">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF01D52BD2A8E225F81F033" box="[331,409,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1005,1022]" captionTargetBox="[149,1456,192,993]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@22.[237,1435,248,772]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 10. — A list of selected features of the morphology of small Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 males, shown as a percentage of the base population of the extant Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 males (grey line), for which the values of all features are presented as 100%. Black line, extant Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 males; red line, Mustela nivalis males from Hunas. For citation see the chapter Material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525821/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF01D52BDC68E225FDBF033" box="[423,451,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1121,1138]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,215,1080]" captionTargetId="graphics-149@23.[291,1434,252,916]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 11. — A list of selected features of the morphology of small Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 males, shown as a percentage of the base population of the extant Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 males (grey line), for which the values of all features are presented as 100%. Black line, extant Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 males; red line, Mustela nivalis males from Hunas. For citation see the chapter Material." pageId="21" pageNumber="358">11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF01D52BDC68E225FDBF033" box="[423,451,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1121,1138]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,215,1080]" captionTargetId="graphics-149@23.[291,1434,252,916]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 11. — A list of selected features of the morphology of small Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 males, shown as a percentage of the base population of the extant Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 males (grey line), for which the values of all features are presented as 100%. Black line, extant Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 males; red line, Mustela nivalis males from Hunas. For citation see the chapter Material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525823/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">11</figureCitation>
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||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFF01D52BCFA8E025B57F44F" blockId="21.[130,777,216,2027]" lastBlockId="21.[811,1457,216,529]" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1456,9 +1456,9 @@ are a remnant of its ancestor,
|
|||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFF01D52BF8F8D455A2AF310" box="[1006,1074,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">nivalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
population (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF01D52B8A18D455B16F310" box="[1216,1294,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1005,1022]" captionTargetBox="[149,1456,192,993]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@22.[237,1435,248,772]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 10. — A list of selected features of the morphology of small Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 males, shown as a percentage of the base population of the extant Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 males (grey line), for which the values of all features are presented as 100%. Black line, extant Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 males; red line, Mustela nivalis males from Hunas. For citation see the chapter Material." pageId="21" pageNumber="358">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF01D52B8A18D455B16F310" box="[1216,1294,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1005,1022]" captionTargetBox="[149,1456,192,993]" captionTargetId="graphics-147@22.[237,1435,248,772]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 10. — A list of selected features of the morphology of small Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 males, shown as a percentage of the base population of the extant Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 males (grey line), for which the values of all features are presented as 100%. Black line, extant Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 males; red line, Mustela nivalis males from Hunas. For citation see the chapter Material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525821/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF01D52B97D8D455B20F310" box="[1308,1336,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1121,1138]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,215,1080]" captionTargetId="graphics-149@23.[291,1434,252,916]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 11. — A list of selected features of the morphology of small Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 males, shown as a percentage of the base population of the extant Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 males (grey line), for which the values of all features are presented as 100%. Black line, extant Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 males; red line, Mustela nivalis males from Hunas. For citation see the chapter Material." pageId="21" pageNumber="358">11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="132F2A7AFFF01D52B97D8D455B20F310" box="[1308,1336,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1121,1138]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,215,1080]" captionTargetId="graphics-149@23.[291,1434,252,916]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIG. 11. — A list of selected features of the morphology of small Mustela Linnaeus, 1758 males, shown as a percentage of the base population of the extant Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 males (grey line), for which the values of all features are presented as 100%. Black line, extant Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758 males; red line, Mustela nivalis males from Hunas. For citation see the chapter Material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525823/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">11</figureCitation>
|
||||
) deposited in one spatially limited place, in a relatively short time and in good condition.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFF01D52BF228DE55B7BF153" blockId="21.[810,1458,567,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="358">
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,82 +1,82 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="35634E03CEA8D9E321D22785A707F79F">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada) and Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum, 9301 112 Avenue, Wembley, AB, T 0 H 3 S 0 (Canada) corwin 1 @ ualberta. ca (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E342628911D868D84A75BF64CD678B0">Sissons, Robin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="815A60BCD01B9C8A9E08B47C0F68682E">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="307C8CF806207986FF3C4A77ECE2A4F3">Sissons, Robin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="64349ECAB222E5D425F8AABDAD4618E9">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27E6A90369353A28F7E6ECFAEF4B2549" type="email">robin.sissons@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="808EF27246BF4EC928A55A2E4AB94C9B">Sharpe, Henry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5215362B4DA586F09EC0FE8149951DE9">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T 6 G 2 E 9 (Canada)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA095FB8B56761283CAE9CA00B4041EB" type="email">hssharpe@ualberta.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ This case study focusses on a reconstruction of the shoulder girdle and forelimb
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a centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation of northern
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<collectingRegion id="475BF2BAFF01FFCDFBA4FEF4FB8E1715" box="[1052,1129,343,369]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFBCFFEF4FB061716" box="[1143,1249,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFBCFFEF4FB061716" box="[1143,1249,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525961/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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), that was produced mainly by one of us (KN) for a forthcoming descriptive paper (Vice
|
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<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF01FFCDFCD5FE3BFC4717D5" box="[877,928,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
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work in progress). The reconstruction was partly based on a previously published illustration by
|
||||
|
|
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ work in progress). The reconstruction was partly based on a previously published
|
|||
(Holmes, Forster, Ryan & Shepherd, 2001)
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in what they considered to be a “neutral” semi-erect standing position (
|
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFAFEFD95FA461435" box="[1350,1441,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFAFEFD95FA461435" box="[1350,1441,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525961/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
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). The
|
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<taxonomicName id="429F47DBFF01FFCDFCE4FDF4FC231414" authorityName="Currie, Langston & Tanke" authorityYear="2008" box="[860,964,598,624]" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pachyrhinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lakustai">
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<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF01FFCDFCE4FDF4FC231414" box="[860,964,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">P. lakustai</emphasis>
|
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|
|
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ forelimb (UALVP 55261) that was available for direct examination, and
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<bibRefCitation id="E10E41A9FF01FFCDFB98F8B1FB591148" author="FUJIWARA S. I." box="[1056,1214,1810,1836]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" pagination="1136 - 1147" refId="ref9972" refString="FUJIWARA S. I. 2009. - A reevaluation of the manus structure in Triceratops (Ceratopsia: Ceratopsidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (4): 1136 - 1147. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 039.029.0406" type="journal article" year="2009">Fujiwara 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), were used as a basis for scaling and orienting the elements in both views. Because most of the bones were steeply inclined either anteroventrally or posteroventrally, perspective had a strong impact on the anterior view, which was corrected by projecting multiple landmarks from the lateral view into the transverse plane as a guide to the proper proportions of each element. Perspective effects on the lateral view were less pronounced, because the limb segments were not strongly angled relative to the sagittal plane, and were considered to lie within the margin of acceptability given the use of the telephoto lens.
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</paragraph>
|
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. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur
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@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ reconstructed the manus of
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<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF02FFCEFC97F9F7FC481009" box="[815,943,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">V. irvinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with only slight contact between the proximal heads of the metacarpals, which were all depicted as being in approximately the same plane (
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF02FFCEFB22F930FB1610C9" box="[1178,1265,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF02FFCEFB22F930FB1610C9" box="[1178,1265,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525961/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The metacarpus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="429F47DBFF02FFCEFCF4F910FC5C10A8" authorityName="Currie, Langston & Tanke" authorityYear="2008" box="[844,955,1714,1740]" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pachyrhinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lakustai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF02FFCEFCF4F910FC5C10A8" box="[844,955,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">P. lakustai</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ had deliberately flattened and spread out the metacarpus of
|
|||
to better show the morphology of each element.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="85203C58FF03FFCFFD75FAC9FC6A1319" blockId="11.[717,796,1386,1405]" box="[717,909,1386,1405]" lastBlockId="11.[843,909,1386,1405]" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">IV III II I</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="D1E06CD0FF03FFCFFF3BFA00FB1B106B" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" startId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" targetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="D1E06CD0FF03FFCFFF3BFA00FB1B106B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525961/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" startId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" targetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="85203C58FF03FFCFFF3BFA00FB1B106B" blockId="11.[131,1457,1443,1551]" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="83C6AA84FF03FFCFFF3BFA00FF7A13D0" baselines="1456,1457" box="[131,157,1443,1460]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 5. —
|
||||
|
|
@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ Accordingly, the reconstruction of
|
|||
<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF03FFCFFDBFF997FD881029" box="[519,623,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">P. lakustai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was revised to show a more transversely arched metacarpus with the proximal heads of the metacarpals in closer contact (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF03FFCFFDEBF9D0FD2210E9" box="[595,709,1651,1678]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF03FFCFFDEBF9D0FD2210E9" box="[595,709,1651,1678]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525961/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This resulted in a proximal articular surface that better fitted the distal articular surface of the antebrachium, and the arched metacarpus also resembled those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="429F47DBFF03FFCFFD99F970FF211168" authority="(Fujiwara 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Fujiwara" baseAuthorityYear="2009" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF03FFCFFD99F970FD721088" box="[545,661,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Triceratops</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ was revised to show a more transversely arched metacarpus with the proximal head
|
|||
and the well articulated but indeterminate chasmosaurine CMN 8547 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E10E41A9FF03FFCFFEC9F8B1FD981148" author="MALLON J. C. & HOLMES R." box="[369,639,1810,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" pagination="189 - 202" refId="ref10557" refString="MALLON J. C. & HOLMES R. 2010. - Description of a complete and fully articulated chasmosaurine postcranium previously assigned to Anchiceratops (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia), in RYAN M. J., CHINNERY-ALLGEIER B. J. & EBERTH D. A. (eds), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington: 189 - 202." type="book chapter" year="2010">Mallon & Holmes 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Moreover, transverse arching of the metacarpus is consistent with the fact that the proximal surface of metacarpal II strongly tapers ventrally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF03FFCFFF4BF8D1FEA011E8" box="[243,327,1906,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF03FFCFFF4BF8D1FEA011E8" box="[243,327,1906,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525961/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and the presence of rugosities indicates possible close intermetacarpal contacts near the proximal ends of some of the metacarpals known from the Pipestone Creek Bonebed. However, the proximal end of metacarpal III appears more medially expanded relative to the shaft in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="429F47DBFF03FFCFFC96F9F7FC711009" authorityName="Currie, Langston & Tanke" authorityYear="2008" box="[814,918,1619,1645]" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pachyrhinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lakustai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF03FFCFFC96F9F7FC711009" box="[814,918,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">P. lakustai</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ than in chasmosaurines, implying correspondingly greater separation between the
|
|||
<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF03FFCFFC2DF950FC1A1168" box="[917,1021,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">P. lakustai</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF03FFCFFBB5F951FBB91169" box="[1037,1118,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF03FFCFFBB5F951FBB91169" box="[1037,1118,1778,1805]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525961/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), rather than closely adjacent as in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E10E41A9FF03FFCFFCF2F8B1FC1D1148" author="FUJIWARA S. I." box="[842,1018,1810,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" pagination="1136 - 1147" refId="ref9972" refString="FUJIWARA S. I. 2009. - A reevaluation of the manus structure in Triceratops (Ceratopsia: Ceratopsidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (4): 1136 - 1147. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 039.029.0406" type="journal article" year="2009">Fujiwara’s (2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 8B) reconstruction of the manus of
|
||||
|
|
@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ and Thompson & Holmes’ (2007) reconstruction of
|
|||
<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF03FFCFFC48F8F0FB881108" box="[1008,1135,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">V. irvinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF03FFCFFBC6F8F1FB321109" box="[1150,1237,1874,1901]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF03FFCFFBC6F8F1FB321109" box="[1150,1237,1874,1901]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[131,142,1443,1460]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,217,1380]" captionTargetId="figure-436@11.[698,1267,777,1340]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5. — A, B, Reconstructed right shoulder girdle and forelimb of ceratopsid dinosaur Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie,Langston & Tanke,2008 in a hypothetical standing pose: A, lateral view; B, anterior view; C, proximal view of left metacarpal II of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai (UALVP 54961), showing subtriangular outline of proximal articular surface;D, reconstructed forelimb of Chasmosaurus irvinensis Holmes,Forster, Ryan & Shepherd,2001 in anterior view, posed in semi-erect stance as inferred by Thompson & Holmes (2007). Abbreviations: car, carpal; co, coracoid; h, humerus; mc; metacarpal; ph, phalanx; r, radius; sc, scapula; ul, ulna. Roman numerals identify digits. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, not to scale. Credits: C, Rebekah Vice; D, Thompson & Holmes (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525961/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Verification of the arched configuration and the degree of separation between the shafts of MC II and MC III awaits a detailed description of the articulated manus of a centrosaurine, and ideally of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="429F47DBFF03FFCFFC96F871FC74118F" authorityName="Currie, Langston & Tanke" authorityYear="2008" box="[814,915,2001,2027]" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Pachyrhinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lakustai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF03FFCFFC96F871FC74118F" box="[814,915,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">P.lakustai</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,82 +1,82 @@
|
|||
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@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Evans
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<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF01FFCDFF3EFBF6FF04120B" box="[134,227,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">E. regalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to show the life positions of different skull elements recovered from the Danek Bonebed (
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFDBAFBD7FDDB12EB" box="[514,572,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1474,1491]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,222,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-376@10.[698,1267,739,1279]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917: A, B, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of E. regalis CMN 2289: A, right lateral view; B, anterior view; C, D, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of E. regalis: C, right lateral view; D, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of E. regalis (NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of E. annectens (Marsh, 1892) (ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFDBAFBD7FDDB12EB" box="[514,572,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1474,1491]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,222,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-376@10.[698,1267,739,1279]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917: A, B, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of E. regalis CMN 2289: A, right lateral view; B, anterior view; C, D, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of E. regalis: C, right lateral view; D, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of E. regalis (NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of E. annectens (Marsh, 1892) (ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525959/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). These reconstructions were based on 3D scans of the mostly-disarticulated
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<typeStatus id="5A2482FAFF01FFCDFF3EFB16FF0512AB" box="[134,226,1205,1231]" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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specimen (CMN 2289), the only
|
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|
|
@ -138,15 +138,15 @@ Rybczynski
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The scans of individual bones were assembled in Autodesk Maya 2018 to produce a 3D rendering of the nearly complete skull (
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFF35FA97FEE5132A" box="[141,258,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1474,1491]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,222,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-376@10.[698,1267,739,1279]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917: A, B, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of E. regalis CMN 2289: A, right lateral view; B, anterior view; C, D, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of E. regalis: C, right lateral view; D, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of E. regalis (NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of E. annectens (Marsh, 1892) (ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFF35FA97FEE5132A" box="[141,258,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1474,1491]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,222,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-376@10.[698,1267,739,1279]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917: A, B, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of E. regalis CMN 2289: A, right lateral view; B, anterior view; C, D, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of E. regalis: C, right lateral view; D, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of E. regalis (NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of E. annectens (Marsh, 1892) (ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525959/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
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), using complete
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<taxonomicName id="429F47DBFF01FFCDFE70FA96FDC0132A" baseAuthorityName="Campione & Evans" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[456,551,1332,1358]" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Edmontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regalis">
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<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF01FFCDFE70FA96FDC0132A" box="[456,551,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">E. regalis</emphasis>
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skulls (CMN 2288, ROM 801) for guidance in articulating elements and correcting taphonomic distortion. Drawings (
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFDE8FAD7FD2213EA" box="[592,709,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1474,1491]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,222,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-376@10.[698,1267,739,1279]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917: A, B, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of E. regalis CMN 2289: A, right lateral view; B, anterior view; C, D, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of E. regalis: C, right lateral view; D, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of E. regalis (NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of E. annectens (Marsh, 1892) (ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFDE8FAD7FD2213EA" box="[592,709,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1474,1491]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,222,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-376@10.[698,1267,739,1279]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917: A, B, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of E. regalis CMN 2289: A, right lateral view; B, anterior view; C, D, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of E. regalis: C, right lateral view; D, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of E. regalis (NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of E. annectens (Marsh, 1892) (ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525959/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
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) were made by tracing rendered images of this re-articulated skull in Adobe Photoshop 2022. It was quickly noticed upon illustrating the orbits in anterior view that the postorbital pockets were not only deeply concave posteriorly, but also protruded laterally (
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFF52F9B0FEA5104A" box="[234,322,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1474,1491]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,222,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-376@10.[698,1267,739,1279]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917: A, B, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of E. regalis CMN 2289: A, right lateral view; B, anterior view; C, D, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of E. regalis: C, right lateral view; D, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of E. regalis (NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of E. annectens (Marsh, 1892) (ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF01FFCDFF52F9B0FEA5104A" box="[234,322,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1474,1491]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,222,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-376@10.[698,1267,739,1279]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Cranial anatomy of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917: A, B, digital model of scanned, retrodeformed, and reassembled skull of E. regalis CMN 2289: A, right lateral view; B, anterior view; C, D, orthographic reconstructions of the skull of E. regalis: C, right lateral view; D, anterior view. Reconstruction based mainly on CMN 2289, with missing portions filled in using other specimens of E. regalis (NHMUK R8927 and ROM 801). Position of the eyeball inferred from a sclerotic ring preserved in a specimen of E. annectens (Marsh, 1892) (ROM 57100). Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525959/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
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). This caused the posterior margin of the orbit to be positioned much further laterally than the anterior margin, suggesting a large degree of binocular overlap in this species (Sharpe
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<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF01FFCDFE8BF9D7FE8F10E9" box="[307,360,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
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work in progress). Re-examination of the 3D scans confirmed the first-order inference regarding the orientation of the orbits, and by extension the second-order inference regarding the presence of binocular overlap: the orbits of
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<mods:classification id="8E1D57843FEB258517DA6F7A0C8AFE0E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0D9EAE13EF2F888990FE39CB921EF3F0" type="CLB-Dataset">305360</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B19349BEA99D794222340B6D0C04E6C0" type="DOI">10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a5</mods:identifier>
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||||
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<mods:identifier id="D187FB6C8F4058C10ACA27F0E05A1D79" type="ISSN">1777-571X</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6005CB63977B5E37AAE6922D0D9390D0" type="Zenodo-Dep">10619488</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0DF81E8AAF11D1D940AE8D06C2FF9CE0" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F2E2FBC3-710A-4685-947C-A9C023D8B01C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14205949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14205949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<treatment id="0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14205949" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247240491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14205949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D368D4EFF04FFC9FF3CF99AFB1A1188" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="CD856FD3FF04FFC8FF3CF99AFD0F1028" box="[132,744,1593,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="85203C58FF04FFC8FF3CF99AFD0F1028" blockId="12.[130,777,1555,2028]" box="[132,744,1593,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
|
||||
HINDLIMB OF AN INDETERMINATE
|
||||
|
|
@ -121,14 +121,14 @@ skeleton UALVP 52613 was also available for comparison.
|
|||
UALVP 42 was collected by George F. Sternberg in 1920, from exposures of the Belly River Group (Campanian) on Sand Creek in southern
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="475BF2BAFF04FFC8FBFDFAD7FB7C13EA" box="[1093,1179,1396,1422]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. Sternberg subsequently created a mount of the specimen that was displayed from 1935 to the late 1950s, reconstructing the distal hindlimb skeleton in a physical sense. As well as positioning the bones, Sternberg restored some of them extensively with plaster to conceal damage (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF04FFC8FBB6F9B0FBA81049" box="[1038,1103,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1148,1165]" captionTargetBox="[133,1420,218,1106]" captionTargetId="figure-594@12.[698,1267,193,747]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Left tibia,fibula,and calcaneum of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42) as restored and articulated by George Sternberg for display of the distal part of the left hindlimb as a mount. The mount was dismantled in the late 1950s, but the bones shown here remain as positioned by Sternberg because the tibia and fibula are bolted together, and the calcaneum is firmly affixed to the fibula. Some areas have been retouched with plaster mixed with paint, which can be difficult to distinguish from the remaining original bone: A, elements in anterior (left) and posterior (right) views; B, elements in close-up anteromedial view, showing the gap (red arrow) introduced by Sternberg between the tibia medially and the calcaneum and distal part of the fibula laterally. Abbreviations: c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: 10 cm." pageId="12" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF04FFC8FBB6F9B0FBA81049" box="[1038,1103,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1148,1165]" captionTargetBox="[133,1420,218,1106]" captionTargetId="figure-594@12.[698,1267,193,747]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Left tibia,fibula,and calcaneum of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42) as restored and articulated by George Sternberg for display of the distal part of the left hindlimb as a mount. The mount was dismantled in the late 1950s, but the bones shown here remain as positioned by Sternberg because the tibia and fibula are bolted together, and the calcaneum is firmly affixed to the fibula. Some areas have been retouched with plaster mixed with paint, which can be difficult to distinguish from the remaining original bone: A, elements in anterior (left) and posterior (right) views; B, elements in close-up anteromedial view, showing the gap (red arrow) introduced by Sternberg between the tibia medially and the calcaneum and distal part of the fibula laterally. Abbreviations: c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525963/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The proximal and distal ends of the tibia, in particular, were heavily retouched. Having been mixed with brown paint, the plaster is difficult to distinguish from the original fossil bone. Therefore, the bones were CT scanned using a Siemens Somatom Definition Flash scanner at the University of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="475BF2BAFF04FFC8FB4DF911FAA010A8" box="[1269,1351,1714,1740]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="12" pageNumber="79">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||||
Hospital (voltage: 120 kV; current: 300 mA; voxel size:
|
||||
<quantity id="426791BDFF04FFC8FAFBF971FA451089" box="[1347,1442,1746,1773]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
), and the genuine bone was segmented out using Dragonfly ORS. A defined range of intensities was used to create an initial “point and click” segmentation, which was then refined manually a few slices at a time. The scanned bones were imported into Autodesk Maya, an animation program that can be utilised to position digital models in 3D space and produce 2D orthographic and perspective renderings of them from arbitrary angles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" ID-Table-UUID="D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" startId="13.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,1397,340,546]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table">
|
||||
<caption id="D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14207893" ID-Table-UUID="D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14207893" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" startId="13.[132,143,219,236]" targetBox="[134,1397,340,546]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="85203C58FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" blockId="13.[132,1455,219,281]" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="83C6AA84FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FF55168F" baselines="232,232" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
1. — Ratio of the length of phalanx I-1 to the length of metatarsal I in several ceratopsids. Length measurements were made from images with metatarsal I and phalanx I-1 in the same focal plane, using ImageJ (
|
||||
|
|
@ -226,12 +226,12 @@ Holmes
|
|||
<emphasis id="B7EBE04AFF05FFC9FD88FC15FCE015AB" box="[560,775,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Centrosaurus apertus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(UALVP 16248) was created using photogrammetry and the program Agisoft Metashape, and a small piece missing from the anteromedial corner of the proximal end was reconstructed in Pixologic ZBrush. The resulting model was imported into Maya and scaled to an appropriate size for UALVP 42, based on the median ratio of phalanx I-1 length to metatarsal I length (0.889) in several other ceratopsid specimens in which both elements are preserved (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C81D09E3FF05FFC9FE3FFB17FE3F12AA" box="[391,472,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1. — Ratio of the length of phalanx I-1 to the length of metatarsal I in several ceratopsids. Length measurements were made from images with metatarsal I and phalanx I-1 in the same focal plane, using ImageJ (Schneider et al. 2012). The median ratio was used to determine that the expected length of phalanx I-1 for UALVP 42 was approximately 88.45% the length of phalanx I-1 in UALVP 16248. The digital model was scaled accordingly for the reconstruction." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" tableUuid="D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C81D09E3FF05FFC9FE3FFB17FE3F12AA" box="[391,472,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1. — Ratio of the length of phalanx I-1 to the length of metatarsal I in several ceratopsids. Length measurements were made from images with metatarsal I and phalanx I-1 in the same focal plane, using ImageJ (Schneider et al. 2012). The median ratio was used to determine that the expected length of phalanx I-1 for UALVP 42 was approximately 88.45% the length of phalanx I-1 in UALVP 16248. The digital model was scaled accordingly for the reconstruction." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14207893" tableUuid="D1E06CD0FF05FFC9FF3CFF78FAB9177D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). This procedure involved a tacit assumption, amenable to testing in future comparative studies, that the morphology of phalanx I-1 was unlikely to vary much across ceratopsid species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="85203C58FF05FFC9FF23FA97FDB8118F" blockId="13.[130,777,598,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
Maya was used to reconstruct the articulation of the bones of UALVP 42, plus the rescaled phalanx I-1, and generate an image of the reconstructed configuration (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FD8EFAD7FD6213EA" box="[566,645,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FD8EFAD7FD6213EA" box="[566,645,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525965/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Sternberg’s restoration of the shape of each individual bone was provisionally accepted as a well-educated guess, with the obvious exception of phalanx I-1, but the digital reconstruction distinguished visually between bone and plaster based on the segmented models. One advantage of this method of reconstruction was that internal consistency among the resulting 2D images was guaranteed, given that they all depicted the same 3D model. Therefore, successive versions of the reconstruction always passed the test of internal consistency provided no two elements overlapped in 3D space. Furthermore, “versions” of the underlying 3D model could be quickly generated by rotating and translating individual bones to experiment with different possible configurations, and quickly evaluated by viewing the model from different angles. Accordingly, the iterative process outlined above, in which visual hypotheses are tested, rejected and refined over successive rounds, gave way to a more freeflowing approach in which generation, testing, rejection and refinement of “micro-hypotheses” pertaining to parts of the model took place more or less continuously.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="85203C58FF05FFC9FCFBFDF5FA861049" blockId="13.[810,1458,598,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
|
||||
|
|
@ -240,22 +240,22 @@ Subjecting the proximal tarsal elements to this
|
|||
of manipulation led to an unexpected arrangement of the astragalus relative to the calcaneum and to the outer condyle of the distal end of the tibia, which in ceratopsids combines with the two proximal tarsal elements to form the articular surface for the distal tarsals and the proximal ends of the metatarsals (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E10E41A9FF05FFC9FC0CFCB5FB2D1554" author="BROWN B. & SCHLAIKJER E. M." box="[948,1226,790,816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" pagination="133 - 266" refId="ref9178" refString="BROWN B. & SCHLAIKJER E. M. 1940. - The structure and relationships of Protoceratops. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 40 (3): 133 - 266." type="journal article" year="1940">Brown & Schlaikjer 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Sternberg’s original mount placed the calcaneum lateral to the outer condyle of the tibia and only slightly anteriorly displaced (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FAE6FCF6FA78150B" box="[1374,1439,853,879]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1148,1165]" captionTargetBox="[133,1420,218,1106]" captionTargetId="figure-594@12.[698,1267,193,747]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Left tibia,fibula,and calcaneum of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42) as restored and articulated by George Sternberg for display of the distal part of the left hindlimb as a mount. The mount was dismantled in the late 1950s, but the bones shown here remain as positioned by Sternberg because the tibia and fibula are bolted together, and the calcaneum is firmly affixed to the fibula. Some areas have been retouched with plaster mixed with paint, which can be difficult to distinguish from the remaining original bone: A, elements in anterior (left) and posterior (right) views; B, elements in close-up anteromedial view, showing the gap (red arrow) introduced by Sternberg between the tibia medially and the calcaneum and distal part of the fibula laterally. Abbreviations: c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: 10 cm." pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FAE6FCF6FA78150B" box="[1374,1439,853,879]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1148,1165]" captionTargetBox="[133,1420,218,1106]" captionTargetId="figure-594@12.[698,1267,193,747]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Left tibia,fibula,and calcaneum of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42) as restored and articulated by George Sternberg for display of the distal part of the left hindlimb as a mount. The mount was dismantled in the late 1950s, but the bones shown here remain as positioned by Sternberg because the tibia and fibula are bolted together, and the calcaneum is firmly affixed to the fibula. Some areas have been retouched with plaster mixed with paint, which can be difficult to distinguish from the remaining original bone: A, elements in anterior (left) and posterior (right) views; B, elements in close-up anteromedial view, showing the gap (red arrow) introduced by Sternberg between the tibia medially and the calcaneum and distal part of the fibula laterally. Abbreviations: c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525963/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This initially led us to likewise place the astragalus medial and slightly anterior to the outer condyle of the tibia in our digital reconstruction (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FB9BFC16FB9315B4" box="[1059,1140,949,976]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FB9BFC16FB9315B4" box="[1059,1140,949,976]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525965/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, it quickly became apparent that positioning the astragalus in this way, without creating an impossible geometry by impinging on the tibia, introduced a large gap between the lateral articular surface of the astragalus and the outer tibial condyle (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FAFFFB96FA46122B" box="[1351,1441,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FAFFFB96FA46122B" box="[1351,1441,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525965/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Such a large gap seemed unrealistic, so the hypothesis of a near-linear arrangement of the astragalus, calcaneum and outer condyle was rejected and alternatives were investigated. Angling the astragalus so that the medial side was positioned more anteriorly than the lateral side eliminated the gap (
|
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FC8EFB57FC41136B" box="[822,934,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FC8EFB57FC41136B" box="[822,934,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525965/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
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) and left the anterior part of the proximal surface of the astragalus resting against a relatively flat area on the anteromedial portion of the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral articular surface of the astragalus against the outer tibial condyle. The anterior margin of the distal articular surface formed by the astragalus, outer tibial condyle and calcaneum is then distinctly concave. It should be noted that acceptance of Sternberg’s restoration of the missing portions of the tibia influences the exact position, but not the overall orientation, that appears optimal for the astragalus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="85203C58FF05FFC9FCFBF990FB1A1188" blockId="13.[810,1458,598,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">
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Sternberg’s placement of the calcaneum almost directly lateral to the outer condyle of the tibia (
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FB21F9F0FAEC1009" box="[1177,1291,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7B, C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FB21F9F0FAEC1009" box="[1177,1291,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525965/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7B, C</figureCitation>
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) was evaluated by comparison to UALVP 52613 and published descriptions of ceratopsid hindlimbs (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E10E41A9FF05FFC9FBC0F930FB0210C9" author="LULL R. S." box="[1144,1253,1683,1709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref10512" refString="LULL R. S. 1933. - A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 3: 1 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5716" type="journal article" year="1933">Lull 1933</bibRefCitation>
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), which indicated that the calcaneum should instead lie anterior to the outer tibial condyle. Repositioning of the calcaneum in accordance with this evidence further accentuated the anterior concavity of the articular surface for the distal tarsals and metatarsals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FC8EF891FC6B1129" box="[822,908,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1DA420DDFF05FFC9FC8EF891FC6B1129" box="[822,908,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[133,143,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,942]" captionTargetId="figure-624@14.[698,1267,213,761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Reconstructed articular configuration of distal part of left hindlimb of an indeterminate ceratopsid dinosaur (UALVP 42): A, perspective view of entire reconstructed crus and pes standing on scaled ceratopsid footprint. Opaque areas represent original bone material, while transparent ones represent plaster. Phalanx I-1 from UALVP 16248, an associated Centrosaurus apertus (Lambe, 1905) skeleton from Dinosaur Provincial Park, with missing anteromedial corner of proximal end restored in Pixologic ZBrush but shown as transparent. Footprint adapted from Gierlinski & Sabath (2008: fig. 10F). B-E, two postulated articular configurations of the crus and proximal tarsals in distal (B, D) and anterior (C, E) orthographic views; B, C, astragalus,outer tibial condyle, and calcaneum aligned roughly along a mediolateral line; white arrow points to large gap between astragalus and outer tibial condyle; D, E, astragalus angled in order to eliminate the gap, with the medial side farther anterior than the lateral side, and the calcaneum placed anteriorly. Abbreviations: as, astragalus; c, calcaneum; fib, fibula; otc, outer tibial condyle; tib, tibia. Scale bars: A, 20 cm; B-E, 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525965/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="80">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The articular relationship between the astragalus and tibia in UALVP 42, and the resulting concavity of the anterior margin of the distal articular surface formed by these elements and the calcaneum, are discoveries arising from the process of reconstruction and supported by comparison with published descriptions and UALVP 52613.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
|
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@ -1,74 +1,74 @@
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<treatment id="36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14205792" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247240449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14205792" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
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<treatment id="36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14205792" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247240449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14205792" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/36355A70FFABFFD7FE7EC1C0B5AAF95E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" scope_class="Amphibia" scope_family="Cryptobranchidae" scope_order="Caudata">
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<subSubSection id="F686B8EDFFABFFDBFE7EC1C0B626FC03" box="[395,513,981,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFE7EC1C0B626FC03" blockId="5.[395,513,981,1008]" box="[395,513,981,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="E56B5C0AFFABFFDBFE7EC1C0B626FC03" box="[395,513,981,1008]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" reason="2">
|
||||
|
|
@ -82,49 +82,49 @@ sp.
|
|||
<subSubSection id="F686B8EDFFABFFDBFE9CC1E0B604FBFC" box="[361,547,1013,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFE9CC1E0B604FBFC" blockId="5.[361,547,1013,1039]" box="[361,547,1013,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE87C1E0B5EFFBFC" box="[370,456,1013,1039]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionStartId-1="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionStartId-2="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionStartId-3="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionStartId-4="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetBox-2="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetBox-4="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId-0="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetId-1="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetId-2="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetId-3="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetId-4="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Figs 2-6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE87C1E0B5EFFBFC" box="[370,456,1013,1039]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionStartId-1="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionStartId-2="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionStartId-3="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionStartId-4="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetBox-2="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetBox-4="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId-0="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetId-1="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetId-2="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetId-3="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetId-4="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." captionText-4="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525888" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525894" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14525888/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14525894/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Figs 2-6</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE23C1E0B63DFBFC" box="[470,538,1013,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">7A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE23C1E0B63DFBFC" box="[470,538,1013,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525896/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">7A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F686B8EDFFABFFDBFF71C63BB725FB43" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFF71C63BB725FB43" blockId="5.[130,775,1070,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
MATERIAL. —
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFEEEC63BB668FBB5" box="[283,591,1070,1094]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFEEEC63BB668FBB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772303" box="[283,591,1070,1094]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
Two frontals,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFE52C63BB635FBB5" box="[423,530,1070,1094]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882</specimenCode>
|
||||
/1 and
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFDA2C63BB681FBB5" box="[599,678,1070,1094]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="5882/2" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFDA2C63BB681FBB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772304" box="[599,678,1070,1094]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="5882/2" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFDA2C63BB685FBB5" box="[599,674,1070,1094]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">5882/2</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD5BC63BB543FB93" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/3" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD5BC63BB543FB93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772307" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/3" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
two dentaries,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFF36C65CB51CFB93" box="[195,315,1096,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/3</specimenCode>
|
||||
and
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE9FC65DB59FFB93" box="[362,440,1096,1120]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="5882/4" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE9FC65DB59FFB93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772301" box="[362,440,1096,1120]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="5882/4" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFE9FC65DB592FB93" box="[362,437,1096,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">5882/4</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE4BC65CB6F8FB93" box="[446,735,1096,1120]" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/5" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE4BC65CB6F8FB93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772306" box="[446,735,1096,1120]" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/5" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
one prearticular,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFD97C65CB6FCFB93" box="[610,731,1096,1120]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/5</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD10C65DB598FB88" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/6-10" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD10C65DB598FB88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772302" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/6-10" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
five trunk vertebrae,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFED7C676B59CFB88" box="[290,443,1123,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/6-10</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE36C676B69FFB88" box="[451,696,1123,1147]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/11" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFE36C676B69FFB88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772305" box="[451,696,1123,1147]" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/11" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
one femur,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFDDAC676B693FB88" box="[559,692,1123,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/11</specimenCode>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD48C676B6D9FB43" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/12" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="0EF4E13BFFABFFDBFD48C676B6D9FB43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4981772308" collectionCode="PIN" location="Belorechensk locality" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="PIN 5882/12" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
one rib,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="EE3A431DFFABFFDBFF76C66BB523FB66" box="[131,260,1149,1173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">PIN 5882/12</specimenCode>
|
||||
; all from the
|
||||
|
|
@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ one rib,
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFF71C701B60EF81F" blockId="5.[130,777,1237,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
Both left and right frontals are almost completely preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFF78C721B4E0FABD" box="[141,199,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFF78C721B4E0FABD" box="[141,199,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). They match each other along the medial suture, which indicates they came from the same individual. The length of the complete specimen is
|
||||
<quantity id="79644683FFABFFDBFE4EC766B604FA7D" box="[443,547,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="54.5">54.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. The medial suture is markedly thickened dorsoventrally and interdigitated. The frontal is widest anteriorly and becomes narrower posteriorly, without a lateral constriction in the olfactory region. The dorsal surface is shallowly convex and smooth. The anteromedial portion of the bone is broad and forms a triangular facet for a nasal; the anterolateral portion is extended anteriorly and forms a narrow facet for a maxilla; and the lateral portion forms a facet for a prefrontal. Judging by the size of the facet on the frontals, the nasals overlapped the frontals for the anterior 30% of the length of the frontals. The ventral surface of the frontal is shallowly concave. The ventral surface bears the anterior portion of the roof of the cranial cavity and, posteriorly, an elongate facet for a parietal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFDA0C507B6EDF8DE" box="[597,714,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2E, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFDA0C507B6EDF8DE" box="[597,714,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2E, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The anterior portion of the cranial cavity is elongate and subtriangular in outline, narrowing posteriorly. Its anterior margin is straight and indistinctly bordered, whereas the lateral and posterior margins have sharp edges; the anterolateral margin has a bump. A shallow olfactory tract is visible in the olfactory region of the left frontal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE3EC5C4B63BF81F" box="[459,540,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFE3EC5C4B63BF81F" box="[459,540,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[774,1307,807,1384]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Frontals of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-E, PIN 5882/1, left frontal in dorsal (A, C), medial (D), and ventral (B, E) views; F-J, PIN 5882/2, right frontal in ventral (F, H), medial (I), and dorsal (G, J) views. A, B, F, G, photographs; C, D, E, H, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C2CCB7A5FF01" blockId="5.[811,1458,217,1485]" box="[813,898,217,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
|
|
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Both left and right frontals are almost completely preserved (
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C2EDB036FA3E" blockId="5.[811,1458,217,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
The dentaries are represented by a complete right ramus and the anterior part of the left ramus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB42C302B0D0FEC1" box="[1207,1271,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB42C302B0D0FEC1" box="[1207,1271,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). They are long, slender, and slightly compressed labiolingually. The length of the complete specimen is
|
||||
<quantity id="79644683FFABFFDBFB91C342B0FFFE81" box="[1124,1240,343,370]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="109.5">109.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in straight line distance between its posterior and anterior tips and
|
||||
|
|
@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Cundall
|
|||
1987
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In lingual view, the dental lamina is of the same height throughout its length. The subdental lamina is half as high as the dental lamina or lower. The sulcus dentalis (subdental shelf) is wide and slightly concave along its anterior portion, but flat and narrow along its middle and posterior portions. It bears several small foramina. The margin of the sulcus dentalis is clear and rounded in PIN 5882/3, but acute along its anterior part in PIN 5882/4. The Meckelian groove is deep and extends anteriorly to a point below the 26-28 tooth positions (as counted from the anterior end). The corpus dentalis is smooth and flattened anterior to the Meckelian groove. Ventrally, it becomes thinner and ends with a ventral keel. In labial view, the surface of the dentary is only slightly rugose. The eminentia longitudinalis is clearly developed throughout the bone. A few small neurovascular foramina extend below the eminentia longitudinalis. The tooth row contains 80 small and closely spaced pleurodont teeth. The tooth crowns are completely missing, but the pedicellar portions show that the teeth were narrow, as in other cryptobranchids. Internally, the dentary is compact and encloses a few small and medium-sized neurovascular cavities and canals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFBEDC6E1B050FAFC" box="[1048,1143,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFBEDC6E1B050FAFC" box="[1048,1143,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In the region containing the anterior part of the tooth row, the cavities are mostly located below the subdental shelf. In the regions containing the middle and the posterior parts of the tooth row, the cavities are located above and below the Meckelian groove. There are no cavities in the area of the Meckelian groove and the ventral keel.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C7E6B78EF9FE" blockId="5.[813,937,1523,1549]" box="[813,937,1523,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
|
|
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Cundall
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C406B7CDF8DE" blockId="5.[811,1457,1555,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
The prearticular is represented by the right element lacking its anterior and posterior tips (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB9BC426B08CF9BE" box="[1134,1195,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionTargetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB9BC426B08CF9BE" box="[1134,1195,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionTargetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525888/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It is low anteriorly and posteriorly and highest in the area of the coronoid process. The coronoid process is large, but short anteroposteriorly, nearly triangular, and tilted posterolingually. The articular facet is narrow and smooth. The dental facet widens posteriorly and has a sharp dorsal border that forms the lingual border of the coronoid process. It occupies about half of the length of the coronoid process.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C547B7AAF89F" blockId="5.[813,909,1874,1900]" box="[813,909,1874,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
|
|
@ -197,10 +197,10 @@ The prearticular is represented by the right element lacking its anterior and po
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFABFFDBFCD8C567B189F818" blockId="5.[811,1455,1906,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
The vertebrae are represented by five nearly complete specimens from the trunk region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB9FC587B08FF85E" box="[1130,1192,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFABFFDBFB9FC587B08FF85E" box="[1130,1192,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The centrum is deeply amphicoelous, antero-posteriorly short and hourglass-shaped in lateral view, and circular in anterior and posterior views.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA8FFD8FF71C7E7B17AF9EA" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" startId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" targetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA8FFD8FF71C7E7B17AF9EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525884/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" startId="6.[132,143,1522,1539]" targetBox="[132,1456,199,1491]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA8FFD8FF71C7E7B17AF9EA" blockId="6.[132,1457,1522,1561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="B8C57DBAFFA8FFD8FF71C7E7B4BAF9F1" baselines="1535,1535" box="[132,157,1522,1539]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 2. — Frontals of
|
||||
|
|
@ -245,12 +245,12 @@ Its length varies between
|
|||
. The transverse processes are unicipital and expanded distally, and articular surface for the rib heads is dumbbell-shaped. On its posterior surface it bears a wide depression that is surrounded by distinct ridges. The base of the transverse process is perforated by a large vertebrarterial canal. The neural arch is inverted V-shaped in anterior view and deeply concave in dorsal view; it is markedly vaulted posteriorly. Its posterior surface bears a pair of depressions spanning between the neural spine and the postzygapophyses. The spinal nerve foramina are absent. The neural canal is depressed and widened, with small internal projections (spinal cord supports; see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DA0D9697FFA8FFD8FBB1C507B143F8DF" author="SKUTSCHAS P. P. & BALEEVA N. V." box="[1092,1380,1810,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="1031 - 1041" refId="ref8193" refString="SKUTSCHAS P. P. & BALEEVA N. V. 2012. - The spinal cord supports of vertebrae in the crown-group salamanders (Caudata, Urodela). Journal of Morphology 273 (9): 1031 - 1041. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20041" type="journal article" year="2012">Skutschas & Baleeva 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) on its sides. The neural spine is posteriorly high and ends in a facet for a cartilaginous tip. The angle formed by the neural spine with the centrum is about 40 degrees. The pre- and postzygapophyses vary from round to elongate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA8FFD8FB1DC587B147F85F" box="[1256,1376,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5K, L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA8FFD8FB1DC587B147F85F" box="[1256,1376,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5K, L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Their articular surfaces are slightly inclined medially. The articular surfaces of the zygapophyseal processes show growth ridges, which are most visible across the distal portions (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD6BC681B6DDFB5C" box="[670,762,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD6BC681B6DDFB5C" box="[670,762,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Most of the observed articular zygapophyseal surfaces have six or seven growth ridges. The interzygapophyseal ridges are not developed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA9FFD9FF76C61FB775FBBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" targetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA9FFD9FF76C61FB775FBBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" targetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FF76C61FB775FBBA" blockId="7.[131,1455,1034,1097]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="B8C57DBAFFA9FFD9FF76C61FB4BAFBE8" baselines="1047,1048" box="[131,157,1034,1051]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 3. — Dentaries of
|
||||
|
|
@ -292,12 +292,12 @@ from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene:
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FF71C741B533F9BE" blockId="7.[131,776,1364,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
The femur is represented by its distal portion only (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD7AC741B6EEFA9D" box="[655,713,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD7AC741B6EEFA9D" box="[655,713,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525894/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
A-G). It is asymmetrically rounded, being convex dorsally and concave ventrally. Cross-sections of the femur (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FDA8C786B689FA5D" box="[605,686,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FDA8C786B689FA5D" box="[605,686,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525894/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) show a thick cortex with a few vascular canals and/or erosion cavities in the proximal part of the preserved fragment, i.e., near the diaphyseal region, and a dense vascular network of canals in its distal part. The vascular canals open into grooves on the bone surface.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA9FFD9FCD8C7E4B0BDF9C3" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" targetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA9FFD9FCD8C7E4B0BDF9C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525888/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" targetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FCD8C7E4B0BDF9C3" blockId="7.[813,1455,1521,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="B8C57DBAFFA9FFD9FCD8C7E4B762F9F1" baselines="1534,1535" box="[813,837,1521,1538]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 4. —Right prearticular of
|
||||
|
|
@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in:
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FF71C486B5A9F8DF" blockId="7.[130,776,1683,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
The rib is represented by a single proximal fragment (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD67C486B6EDF95E" box="[658,714,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA9FFD9FD67C486B6EDF95E" box="[658,714,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[131,142,1159,1176]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1114]" captionTargetId="figure-578@9.[698,1267,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Femur and rib of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-G, distal end of left femur, PIN 5882/11, in dorsal (A, E) with latter showing cross-sections along the femur, anterior (B), ventral (C, F), posterior (D), and distal (G) views; H-L, proximal portion of rib PIN 5882/12 in anterior (H, I) and posterior (J, K) views, surface of articulation with vertebra (L). A-D, H, J, photographs; E-G, I, K, L, 3D models. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525894/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||||
H-L). It is anteroposteriorly flattened and medially slightly concave. The articulation surface is hourglass-shaped with narrow upper and wide lower portions. Ridges extend along the upper and lower margins of the rib.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA9FFD9FF71C547B597F898" blockId="7.[130,775,1874,2027]" box="[132,432,1874,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
|
|
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ Vasilyan
|
|||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA6FFD6FF71C1E2B0BAFBC6" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" startId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="EAE3BBEEFFA6FFD6FF71C1E2B0BAFBC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" startId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA6FFD6FF71C1E2B0BAFBC6" blockId="8.[132,1456,1015,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="B8C57DBAFFA6FFD6FF71C1E2B4BAFBF4" baselines="1028,1028" box="[132,157,1015,1032]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of
|
||||
|
|
@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ The cryptobranchid from Belorechensk differs from the Mio-Pliocene
|
|||
from the Late Miocene of Pécs-Danitzpuszta (
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="C68BABF6FFA6FFD6FF78C5A7B4D6F83F" box="[141,241,1970,1996]" name="Hungary" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||||
) in its dental symphysis being rhomboid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA6FFD6FD47C5A7B6D8F83F" box="[690,767,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA6FFD6FD47C5A7B6D8F83F" box="[690,767,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1034,1051]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,989]" captionTargetId="figure-483@7.[131,794,215,732]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dentaries of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene: A-F, PIN 5882/3, right dentary in labial (A, C), lingual (B, D) with latter showing cross-sections along the tooth-bearing portion of the dentary,dorsal (E), and symphysial (F) views; G-J, anterior portion of left dentary,PIN 5882/4,in lingual (G, I) and labial (H, J) views. A, B, G, H, photographs, C-F, I, J, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525886/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) rather than triangular (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DA0D9697FFA6FFD6FE88C5C4B66CF81F" author="SZENTESI Z. & SEBE K. & SZABO M." box="[381,587,2001,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="353 - 366" refId="ref8412" refString="SZENTESI Z., SEBE K. & SZABO M. 2020. - Giant salamander from the Miocene of the Mecsek mountains (Pecs-Danitzpuszta, southwestern Hungary). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 94: 353 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 019 - 00499 - 2" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Szentesi
|
||||
|
|
@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ Vasilyan
|
|||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA6FFD6FB51C740B16DFA9D" box="[1188,1354,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">U. hypsognathus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the short and broad shape of the coronoid process of the prearticular and may have extremely elongated, elliptical prezygapophyseal articulation surfaces (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA6FFD6FBE1C7A6B042FA3D" box="[1044,1125,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA6FFD6FBE1C7A6B042FA3D" box="[1044,1125,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,972]" captionTargetId="figure-643@8.[698,1267,213,783]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Trunk vertebrae of Andrias sp.from the Belorechensk locality,Late Pliocene: A-J, trunk vertebra,PIN 5882/6,in dorsal (A, F), ventral (B, G), lateral (C, H), anterior (D, I) and posterior (E, J) views; K, L, close ups of right prezygapophyses, PIN 5882/6 and PIN 5882/7; M, close up of right prezygapophyseal articular surface showing growth rings, PIN 5882/7. A-E, M, photographs; F-L, 3D models. Scale bars: A-J, M, 1 cm; K, L, not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525890" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525890/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BE23EB66FFA6FFD7FCB6C7C1B5AAF95E" blockId="8.[811,1456,1140,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[130,777,1268,1709]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||||
|
|
@ -526,21 +526,21 @@ are difficult, because we are not aware of any publications listing osteological
|
|||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA7FFD7FEA1C721B582FABD" box="[340,421,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Andrias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its frontal not being laterally constricted in the olfactory region and having a longer contact with the nasals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FEDBC761B54DFA7D" box="[302,362,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FEDBC761B54DFA7D" box="[302,362,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525896/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
A-C) and by the coronoid process of its prearticular being broad and long (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FE1FC786B603FA5D" box="[490,548,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionTargetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FE1FC786B603FA5D" box="[490,548,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[813,824,1521,1538]" captionTargetBox="[797,1455,1166,1497]" captionTargetId="figure-517@7.[812,1456,1172,1483]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. —Right prearticular of Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, Late Pliocene, PIN 5882/5, in: A, C, labial; B, D, lingual; E, dorsal views. A, B, photographs, C-E, 3D models. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525888/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The cryptobranchid from Belorechensk seems closer to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="799C90E5FFA7FFD7FE1EC7A1B650FA3E" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[491,631,1459,1486]" class="Amphibia" family="Cryptobranchidae" genus="Andrias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davidianus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA7FFD7FE1EC7A1B650FA3E" box="[491,631,1459,1486]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">A. davidianus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having the cranial cavity of the frontals subtriangular, widest anteriorly and narrowing posteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FE52C7E6B63FF9FD" box="[423,536,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FE52C7E6B63FF9FD" box="[423,536,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525896/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), whereas in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="799C90E5FFA7FFD7FD6BC7E1B484F9DE" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Amphibia" family="Cryptobranchidae" genus="Andrias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA7FFD7FD6BC7E1B484F9DE" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">A. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
it is rhomboid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FEA0C406B582F9DD" box="[341,421,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="26A7F7E3FFA7FFD7FEA0C406B582F9DD" box="[341,421,1555,1582]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[133,143,1582,1599]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1539]" captionTargetId="figure-340@10.[698,1267,782,1351]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Frontals of selected species of Andrias: A, D, Andrias sp. from the Belorechensk locality, dorsal (A) view with outline schematic drawing of skull showing proportions of frontals and nasals, and ventral (D) view (PIN 5882/1 and 5882/2); B, E, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard, 1871), recent, dorsal (B) and ventral (E) views (modified from Vasilyan & BÖhme 2012); C, F, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836), recent, dorsal (C) and ventral (F) views (PIN H 107). Abbreviations: f, frontal; n, nasal. Images not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525896/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
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). However, until reliable data on the comparative osteology of the modern species of
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<taxonomicName id="799C90E5FFA7FFD7FD42C426B72FF9BE" authorityName="von Tschudi" authorityYear="1837" box="[695,776,1587,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Cryptobranchidae" genus="Andrias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8CE83774FFA7FFD7FD42C426B72FF9BE" box="[695,776,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Andrias</emphasis>
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@ -1,88 +1,88 @@
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<treatment id="E271564EFC24A93D8757BD80FA002A82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226410" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247601454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14226410" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0E3D711-156D-40D1-BD4D-AC1BC105778B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E271564EFC24A93D8757BD80FA002A82" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="6" pageNumber="421" scope_family="Viverridae" scope_order="Carnivora" scope_subFamily="Genettinae" scope_subOrder="Feliformia">
|
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<subSubSection id="22C2B4D3FC24A9328757BD80FDEB2E00" box="[329,578,1778,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="421" type="nomenclature">
|
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|
|
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
|
|||
<subSubSection id="22C2B4D3FC24A932877DBC60FCAE2E68" pageId="6" pageNumber="421" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A67E758FC24A932877DBC60FD812E21" blockId="6.[355,552,1810,1837]" box="[355,552,1810,1837]" pageId="6" pageNumber="421">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC24A9328772BC60FE6A2E20" box="[364,451,1810,1837]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="7.[132,143,1607,1624]" captionStartId-1="8.[282,293,1242,1259]" captionStartId-2="9.[132,143,830,847]" captionStartId-3="10.[192,203,1808,1825]" captionStartId-4="11.[132,143,779,796]" captionTargetBox-0="[131,1457,194,1581]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1456,198,1218]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,775,204,802]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1455,216,1765]" captionTargetBox-4="[133,775,214,736]" captionTargetId-0="figure-367@7.[132,1134,267,1564]" captionTargetId-1="figure-530@8.[698,1267,213,753]" captionTargetId-2="figure-921@9.[131,684,213,788]" captionTargetId-3="figure-148@10.[698,1267,788,1364]" captionTargetId-4="figure-924@11.[132,776,213,736]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — A, Satellite image of Lufeng Basin,downloaded from Google Earth (Google Earth Pro (Version 7.3.6.9345) 2023) on February 24,2023;B, Lufengpithecus Wu, 1987 fossil site (IVPP 75033 locality) at the Lufeng hominoid monument (not visible), now extensively covered by modern vegetation (as compared to fresh exposures in Badgley et al. 1988: fig. 1). Credits: B, Xiaoming Wang, taken on August 5, 2013." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype: A, lingual view; B, buccal view of left dentary. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — A, Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype, left dentary; B, Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary. Both stereo photos of occlusal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-3="FIG. 4. — Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27120, fragmentary right dentary with p4-m1: A, lingual; B, buccal; C, occlusal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-4="FIG. 5. — Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27120: A, right maxillary fragment with P4 (broken)-M1,occlusal view;B, left maxillary fragment with M1, occlusal view. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="421">Figs 1-5</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC24A9328772BC60FE6A2E20" box="[364,451,1810,1837]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="7.[132,143,1607,1624]" captionStartId-1="8.[282,293,1242,1259]" captionStartId-2="9.[132,143,830,847]" captionStartId-3="10.[192,203,1808,1825]" captionStartId-4="11.[132,143,779,796]" captionTargetBox-0="[131,1457,194,1581]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1456,198,1218]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,775,204,802]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1455,216,1765]" captionTargetBox-4="[133,775,214,736]" captionTargetId-0="figure-367@7.[132,1134,267,1564]" captionTargetId-1="figure-530@8.[698,1267,213,753]" captionTargetId-2="figure-921@9.[131,684,213,788]" captionTargetId-3="figure-148@10.[698,1267,788,1364]" captionTargetId-4="figure-924@11.[132,776,213,736]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — A, Satellite image of Lufeng Basin,downloaded from Google Earth (Google Earth Pro (Version 7.3.6.9345) 2023) on February 24,2023;B, Lufengpithecus Wu, 1987 fossil site (IVPP 75033 locality) at the Lufeng hominoid monument (not visible), now extensively covered by modern vegetation (as compared to fresh exposures in Badgley et al. 1988: fig. 1). Credits: B, Xiaoming Wang, taken on August 5, 2013." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype: A, lingual view; B, buccal view of left dentary. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — A, Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype, left dentary; B, Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary. Both stereo photos of occlusal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-3="FIG. 4. — Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27120, fragmentary right dentary with p4-m1: A, lingual; B, buccal; C, occlusal views. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-4="FIG. 5. — Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27120: A, right maxillary fragment with P4 (broken)-M1,occlusal view;B, left maxillary fragment with M1, occlusal view. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525923" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525925" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525927" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525929" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525931" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14525923/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14525925/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14525927/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14525929/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14525931/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="421">Figs 1-5</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="275AD2E3FC24A93287D1BC60FDB62E21" box="[463,543,1810,1836]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Dental measurements (in mm) of Semigenetta Helbing,1927 from East and Southeast Asia and their close European species,adopted from Dehm (1950) for S. elegans Dehm, 1950 (numbers in parentheses are sample sizes), Qiu & Gu (1986) for S. huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, Bonis et al. (2021) for S. thailandica n. sp., and Kargopoulos et al. (2021) for S. sansaniensis (Lartet, 1851). See Kargopoulos et al. (2021) for measurements of additional European species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3EA7B7D0FC24A932869ABBA9FAC62817" pageId="6" pageNumber="421" tableUuid="3EA7B7D0FC24A932869ABBA9FAC62817">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
|
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ northwest of the village of Shihuiba and
|
|||
north of the county of Lufeng at the northern margin of Lufeng Basin (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0E499AA9FC24A93282BABD5AFAFA2F32" author="DONG W. & QI G. - Q." box="[1188,1363,1575,1600]" pageId="6" pageNumber="421" pagination="293 - 313" refId="ref10967" refString="DONG W. & QI G. - Q. 2013. - Chapter 11. Hominoid-producing localities and biostratigraphy in Yunnan, in WANG X., FLYNN L. J. & FORTELIUS M. (eds), Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology. Columbia University Press, New York: 293 - 313." type="book chapter" year="2013">Dong & Qi 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC24A9328377BD55FA082F32" box="[1385,1441,1575,1599]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1607,1624]" captionTargetBox="[131,1457,194,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-367@7.[132,1134,267,1564]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Satellite image of Lufeng Basin,downloaded from Google Earth (Google Earth Pro (Version 7.3.6.9345) 2023) on February 24,2023;B, Lufengpithecus Wu, 1987 fossil site (IVPP 75033 locality) at the Lufeng hominoid monument (not visible), now extensively covered by modern vegetation (as compared to fresh exposures in Badgley et al. 1988: fig. 1). Credits: B, Xiaoming Wang, taken on August 5, 2013." pageId="6" pageNumber="421">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC24A9328377BD55FA082F32" box="[1385,1441,1575,1599]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1607,1624]" captionTargetBox="[131,1457,194,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-367@7.[132,1134,267,1564]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Satellite image of Lufeng Basin,downloaded from Google Earth (Google Earth Pro (Version 7.3.6.9345) 2023) on February 24,2023;B, Lufengpithecus Wu, 1987 fossil site (IVPP 75033 locality) at the Lufeng hominoid monument (not visible), now extensively covered by modern vegetation (as compared to fresh exposures in Badgley et al. 1988: fig. 1). Credits: B, Xiaoming Wang, taken on August 5, 2013." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525923/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="421">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Initial excavations of the fossil site in 1975 were conducted by personnel of the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0CC97F9DFC24A93285C4BD2EFBA72F7E" box="[986,1038,1628,1651]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wd8c-kdma" name="Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology" pageId="6" pageNumber="421">IVPP</collectionCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
|
|
@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Badgley
|
|||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="3EA7B7D0FC25A933869ABD35FC3C2F88" pageId="7" pageNumber="422" startId="7.[132,143,1607,1624]" targetBox="[131,1457,194,1581]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="3EA7B7D0FC25A933869ABD35FC3C2F88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525923" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525923/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="422" startId="7.[132,143,1607,1624]" targetBox="[131,1457,194,1581]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A67E758FC25A933869ABD35FC3C2F88" blockId="7.[132,1455,1607,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="422">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="6C817184FC25A933869ABD35FF342F5A" baselines="1620,1620" box="[132,157,1607,1624]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="7" pageNumber="422">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 1. —
|
||||
|
|
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ specimen), however, were restricted to C3An.2n and C3Ar, which is
|
|||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="3EA7B7D0FC2AA93C8704BFA8FAB22DE6" box="[282,1307,1242,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="423" startId="8.[282,293,1242,1259]" targetBox="[132,1456,198,1218]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="3EA7B7D0FC2AA93C8704BFA8FAB22DE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525925" box="[282,1307,1242,1259]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525925/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="423" startId="8.[282,293,1242,1259]" targetBox="[132,1456,198,1218]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A67E758FC2AA93C8704BFA8FAB22DE6" blockId="8.[282,1307,1242,1259]" box="[282,1307,1242,1259]" pageId="8" pageNumber="423">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="6C817184FC2AA93C8704BFA8FE9B2DE7" baselines="1255,1255" box="[282,306,1242,1259]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="423">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 2. —
|
||||
|
|
@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ There is no evidence for the presence of an M2, although the poor preservation o
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="3EA7B7D0FC2BA93D869AB84CFD2F2A71" pageId="9" pageNumber="424" startId="9.[132,143,830,847]" targetBox="[132,775,204,802]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="3EA7B7D0FC2BA93D869AB84CFD2F2A71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525927/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="424" startId="9.[132,143,830,847]" targetBox="[132,775,204,802]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A67E758FC2BA93D869AB84CFD2F2A71" blockId="9.[132,777,830,892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="6C817184FC2BA93D869AB84CFF342A43" baselines="843,843" box="[132,157,830,847]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 3. —
|
||||
|
|
@ -516,9 +516,9 @@ The left dentary in the
|
|||
<emphasis id="58AC3B4AFC2BA93D879DBF67FDB82D22" box="[387,529,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">S. huaiheensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(compare
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2BA93D849EBF67FD712D22" box="[640,728,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[282,293,1242,1259]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,198,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-530@8.[698,1267,213,753]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype: A, lingual view; B, buccal view of left dentary. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="424">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2BA93D849EBF67FD712D22" box="[640,728,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[282,293,1242,1259]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,198,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-530@8.[698,1267,213,753]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype: A, lingual view; B, buccal view of left dentary. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525925/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2BA93D869DBF47FF752D42" box="[131,220,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[240,249,1194,1211]" captionTargetBox="[140,1447,217,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-474@12.[700,1263,213,775]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary: A, lingual; B, buccal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="424">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2BA93D869DBF47FF752D42" box="[131,220,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[240,249,1194,1211]" captionTargetBox="[140,1447,217,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-474@12.[700,1263,213,775]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary: A, lingual; B, buccal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525933/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Below the p2, the posterior end of the symphysis is slightly deepened.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A67E758FC2BA93D8685BF06FD202C83" blockId="9.[130,777,949,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">
|
||||
|
|
@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ has a straight shearing blade with the paraconid blade lacking a lingual bend as
|
|||
<emphasis id="58AC3B4AFC2BA93D858ABAC5FB8028DC" box="[916,1065,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">S. huaiheensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2BA93D8224BAC5FBD228DC" box="[1082,1147,439,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,830,847]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,204,802]" captionTargetId="figure-921@9.[131,684,213,788]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype, left dentary; B, Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary. Both stereo photos of occlusal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="424">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2BA93D8224BAC5FBD228DC" box="[1082,1147,439,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,830,847]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,204,802]" captionTargetId="figure-921@9.[131,684,213,788]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype, left dentary; B, Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary. Both stereo photos of occlusal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525927/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The metaconid is slightly taller than paraconid, whereas most European species have a metaconid equal to or slightly lower than paraconid, as does the Chinese
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ADD89CDBFC2BA93D85EFB965FB2C2B3C" authorityName="Qiu & Gu" authorityYear="1986" box="[1009,1157,535,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Semigenetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huaiheensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="58AC3B4AFC2BA93D85EFB965FB2C2B3C" box="[1009,1157,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="424">S. huaiheensis</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,88 +1,88 @@
|
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<treatment id="E271564EFC29A93886FDBE26FEE52F20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14226412" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247601452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14226412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E271564EFC29A93886FDBE26FEE52F20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E271564EFC29A93886FDBE26FEE52F20" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="427" pageId="11" pageNumber="426" scope_family="Viverridae" scope_order="Carnivora" scope_subFamily="Genettinae" scope_subOrder="Feliformia">
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<subSubSection id="22C2B4D3FC29A93F86FDBE26FD012C63" box="[227,680,1363,1390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="426" type="nomenclature">
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@ -98,9 +98,9 @@
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<paragraph id="6A67E758FC29A93F877EBE06FD822C83" blockId="11.[352,555,1396,1422]" box="[352,555,1396,1422]" pageId="11" pageNumber="426">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC29A93F8777BE06FE002C83" box="[361,425,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,830,847]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,204,802]" captionTargetId="figure-921@9.[131,684,213,788]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype, left dentary; B, Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary. Both stereo photos of occlusal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="426">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC29A93F8777BE06FE002C83" box="[361,425,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,830,847]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,204,802]" captionTargetId="figure-921@9.[131,684,213,788]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype, left dentary; B, Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary. Both stereo photos of occlusal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525927/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="426">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC29A93F87A9BE06FE6C2C83" box="[439,453,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[240,249,1194,1211]" captionTargetBox="[140,1447,217,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-474@12.[700,1263,213,775]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary: A, lingual; B, buccal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="426">6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC29A93F87A9BE06FE6C2C83" box="[439,453,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[240,249,1194,1211]" captionTargetBox="[140,1447,217,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-474@12.[700,1263,213,775]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6. — Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary: A, lingual; B, buccal view. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525933/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="426">6</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="275AD2E3FC29A93F87CCBE06FD8B2C83" box="[466,546,1396,1422]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Dental measurements (in mm) of Semigenetta Helbing,1927 from East and Southeast Asia and their close European species,adopted from Dehm (1950) for S. elegans Dehm, 1950 (numbers in parentheses are sample sizes), Qiu & Gu (1986) for S. huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, Bonis et al. (2021) for S. thailandica n. sp., and Kargopoulos et al. (2021) for S. sansaniensis (Lartet, 1851). See Kargopoulos et al. (2021) for measurements of additional European species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3EA7B7D0FC24A932869ABBA9FAC62817" pageId="11" pageNumber="426" tableUuid="3EA7B7D0FC24A932869ABBA9FAC62817">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||||
)
|
||||
|
|
@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ In evaluating the above controversy, we point out that
|
|||
<emphasis id="58AC3B4AFC29A93F8530B824FB832A62" box="[814,1066,853,880]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="426">Semigenetta huaiheensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
seems to have a more trenchant m1 talonid due to a more dominant, cuspid-like hypoconid at the expense of a low and narrow entoconid ridge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC29A93F8340B8E7FA372AA2" box="[1374,1438,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,830,847]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,204,802]" captionTargetId="figure-921@9.[131,684,213,788]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype, left dentary; B, Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary. Both stereo photos of occlusal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC29A93F8340B8E7FA372AA2" box="[1374,1438,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,830,847]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,204,802]" captionTargetId="figure-921@9.[131,684,213,788]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Semigenetta qiae n. sp., IVPP V27106, holotype, left dentary; B, Semigenetta huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, IVPP V8086, holotype, right dentary. Both stereo photos of occlusal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525927/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="426">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
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). Apparently based on
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0E499AA9FC29A93F823BB8C7FB6D2ADD" author="DEHM R." box="[1061,1220,949,976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref10866" refString="DEHM R. 1950. - Die Raubtiere aus dem Mittel-Miocan (Burgidalium) von Wintershof-West bei Eichstatt in Bayern. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisdinaturwissenschaftliche Klasse Neue Folge 58: 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1950">Dehm’s (1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: figs 221-227) published figures, Qiu Z.-X. & Gu (1986) suggested that the
|
||||
|
|
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ We are unable to personally examine all the European materials, nor apparently w
|
|||
<emphasis id="58AC3B4AFC29A93F8321BDC1FAD02FC1" box="[1343,1401,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="426">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
able to examine the Chinese forms. Overall, it is difficult to evaluate the merits of either side of above arguments, especially since not all published species has high quality photographs and illustrations. While some of Qiu Z.-X. & Gu’s (1986) diagnostic characters may fall within the variations of European species, it may be prudent to wait for larger sample to become available, as the only way to fully address this issue is if new and more complete materials become available.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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. 6. —
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|
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|
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@ -1,88 +1,88 @@
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<mods:namePart id="A84E92A4050AF2A6B5C6E985D71A5B45">Wang, Xiaoming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="70312BF0988C5719BFB57119C4A391CC">Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (United States) and Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A0A7352ED3F6BA531D461C86110519C0">Wang, Xiaoming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F072BE7EECFA8F3BE2B938A0F07EFB6">Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (United States) and Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="35D8D4F5DCC23E4CDCA21CB25FE27E28">Jiangzuo, Qigao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EE4BD6574D00C92F7C83C240206CBBB3">Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Western District, Beijing 100044 (China) and State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008 (China)</mods:affiliation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2EA9388766BDE1FE1F2FA0" box="[376,438,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[184,195,1432,1449]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,192,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-376@13.[699,1264,755,1298]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Semigenetta thailandica n. sp., MM-106, left dentary from Mae Moh, Thailand: A, occlusal; B, lingual; C, buccal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="12" pageNumber="427">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2EA9388766BDE1FE1F2FA0" box="[376,438,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[184,195,1432,1449]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,192,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-376@13.[699,1264,755,1298]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Semigenetta thailandica n. sp., MM-106, left dentary from Mae Moh, Thailand: A, occlusal; B, lingual; C, buccal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525935/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="427">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="275AD2E3FC2EA93887DDBDE1FDBA2FA0" box="[451,531,1683,1709]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Dental measurements (in mm) of Semigenetta Helbing,1927 from East and Southeast Asia and their close European species,adopted from Dehm (1950) for S. elegans Dehm, 1950 (numbers in parentheses are sample sizes), Qiu & Gu (1986) for S. huaiheensis Qiu & Gu, 1986, Bonis et al. (2021) for S. thailandica n. sp., and Kargopoulos et al. (2021) for S. sansaniensis (Lartet, 1851). See Kargopoulos et al. (2021) for measurements of additional European species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3EA7B7D0FC24A932869ABBA9FAC62817" pageId="12" pageNumber="427" tableUuid="3EA7B7D0FC24A932869ABBA9FAC62817">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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|
|
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ Bonis
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(2021)
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|
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for original descriptions and
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2EA9388348BC60FA072E20" box="[1366,1454,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[184,195,1432,1449]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,192,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-376@13.[699,1264,755,1298]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Semigenetta thailandica n. sp., MM-106, left dentary from Mae Moh, Thailand: A, occlusal; B, lingual; C, buccal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="12" pageNumber="427">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F2E3FBDDFC2EA9388348BC60FA072E20" box="[1366,1454,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[184,195,1432,1449]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,192,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-376@13.[699,1264,755,1298]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Semigenetta thailandica n. sp., MM-106, left dentary from Mae Moh, Thailand: A, occlusal; B, lingual; C, buccal views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525935/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="427">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
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for a new illustration of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="B56359FAFC2EA9388245BC40FB142E41" box="[1115,1213,1842,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="427" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
|
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|
|
@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ Although the top of the ascending ramus is broken, the remaining portion seems t
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
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.
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</paragraph>
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. 7. —
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<mods:title id="D68E45AF1A20B5F592C7898A7C0C53CD">An unusual new ophiuroid (Echinodermata) from the Late Ordovician (early Katian) of Morocco</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4FC2DB430931467650CFE0F323727D24">Glass, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2147FC7444D605E2E3FCF11EFE8FEC2F">Division of Earth and Climate Sciences Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27708 (United States)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7984C92656DC5BF4C2A51E411D0B1C09">Division of Earth and Climate Sciences Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Durham, North Carolina, 27708 (United States)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="119DABB1BA498F61B038986635E12159">Blake, Daniel B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="57E56B2E18B29160372716B597FAB6B1">Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 W Green Street, Urbana, 61801 (United States)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="808A2B14A514CB61155025F09E2C9940">Blake, Daniel B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F40797A072D4E5C830B315085A275731">Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 W Green Street, Urbana, 61801 (United States)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B5D4DBFBC3B3EF3AD86CEF5B8486F11B" type="email">dblake@illinois.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B43C7370BF7D1D16FBD5804E12D0FE7B">Lefebvre, Bertrand</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6756AD1CC3F72B13B4DBB3F29A977FD5">Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planète, Environnement, Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon 1, 2, rue Raphaël-Dubois, F- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="F21F8060243CFFCB0083FC879A9E180D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14232246" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247601384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14232246" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D6E0704E-575A-4EA6-9AD3-30C9A1CC450D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F21F8060243CFFCB0083FC879A9E180D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" scope_class="Ophiuroidea" scope_family="Componasteridae" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
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<subSubSection id="32AC62FD243CFFC40083FC879A021D10" box="[944,1324,790,816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" type="nomenclature">
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
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<subSubSection id="32AC62FD243CFFC4070AFCA79A811DA9" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7A093176243CFFC4070AFCA79B8C1D70" blockId="5.[1081,1186,822,848]" box="[1081,1186,822,848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243CFFC40771FCA79BB71D70" box="[1090,1177,822,848]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-1="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionStartId-2="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionStartId-3="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId-0="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetId-2="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetId-3="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." captionText-3="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Figs 1-4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243CFFC40771FCA79BB71D70" box="[1090,1177,822,848]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionStartId-1="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionStartId-2="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionStartId-3="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId-0="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetId-2="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetId-3="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." captionText-3="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Figs 1-4</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A093176243CFFC4001EFCE99A811DA9" blockId="5.[813,1455,888,905]" box="[813,1455,888,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">
|
||||
|
|
@ -223,46 +223,46 @@ Ophiuroid with proximally paired, otherwise ontogenetically offset axials distal
|
|||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243CFFC400FDF8E69B1019AA" box="[974,1086,1911,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="404" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2) Overall form stellate with concave interbrachial margins that smoothly merge with the arms (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243CFFC407BEF8239A2C19EC" box="[1165,1282,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243CFFC407BEF8239A2C19EC" box="[1165,1282,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243CFFC40622F8239A7C19EC" box="[1297,1362,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="404">3A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243CFFC40622F8239A7C19EC" box="[1297,1362,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="404">3A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Aboral disk covered by closely abutting or partially overlapping ovate to polygonal ossicles, surfaces bearing densely arranged shallow pits (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60229FF699E5C1F32" box="[282,370,248,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60229FF699E5C1F32" box="[282,370,248,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602B3FF699D261F32" box="[384,520,248,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2A, C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602B3FF699D261F32" box="[384,520,248,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2A, C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Apex of disk bearing single polygonal ossicle (yellow in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6013AFE869DAD1F12" box="[521,643,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6013AFE869DAD1F12" box="[521,643,279,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC601A2FE899DD71F12" box="[657,761,280,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC601A2FE899DD71F12" box="[657,761,280,306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), it surrounded by circlet of ossicles of which at least four are distinguishable (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60205FEC69EA21F51" box="[310,396,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60205FEC69EA21F51" box="[310,396,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602ABFEC69ED51F51" box="[408,507,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602ABFEC69ED51F51" box="[408,507,343,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A single row of smaller irregular to polygonal, slightly longer than wide ossicles extend across axis of the proximal arm portions (pink in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC601B9FE069C2C1F91" box="[650,770,407,433]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC601B9FE069C2C1F91" box="[650,770,407,433]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603B7FE269FBC1FF1" box="[132,146,439,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603B7FE269FBC1FF1" box="[132,146,439,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Where each of these rows enters the disk area it joins a series of similar ossicles (green in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602D9FE469D4C1FD1" box="[490,610,471,497]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602D9FE469D4C1FD1" box="[490,610,471,497]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6015EFE469DE31FD1" box="[621,717,471,497]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6015EFE469DE31FD1" box="[621,717,471,497]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) that extend parallel to interbrachial margin curvature to join central ossicular rows of neighboring arms. The latter (green in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60391FDA79E211C71" box="[162,271,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60391FDA79E211C71" box="[162,271,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) series of ossicles abut directly to the circlet of ossicles that surround the apex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602E2FDC79D0D1C51" box="[465,547,598,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602E2FDC79D0D1C51" box="[465,547,598,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6011EFDC69D411C51" box="[557,623,599,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6011EFDC69D411C51" box="[557,623,599,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Adjacent, on each side of the mid-arm ossicles extends an additional row of often smaller and slightly longer than wide ossicles (orange in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60393FD279E381CF0" box="[160,278,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60393FD279E381CF0" box="[160,278,694,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60213FD279EB31CF0" box="[288,413,694,721]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2B, D, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60213FD279EB31CF0" box="[288,413,694,721]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2B, D, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) that follow the gradual curvature of the interbrachial disk area to the adjacent arm. Evidence of a potential additional outer series of aboral adradial ossicles, as marked by the remnants of multiple individual ossicles of uncertain size and shape along the outermost edges of the disk (see adradial to the orange circlet in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60122FCC49DA71D50" box="[529,649,853,880]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60122FCC49DA71D50" box="[529,649,853,880]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figures 1C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Accessory disk ossicles (spines, granules, articulation sites) not observed. The oral interbrachial disk areas covered by irregular rows of closely abutting, tightly packed, elongated scalar ossicles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603BEFC449E311DCF" box="[141,287,981,1008]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3B, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603BEFC449E311DCF" box="[141,287,981,1008]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3B, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Madreporite not observed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2EC961FE243FFFC703B7F83A9CE319C9" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" startId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1767]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="2EC961FE243FFFC703B7F83A9CE319C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="405" startId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1767]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A093176243FFFC703B7F83A9CE319C9" blockId="6.[132,1456,1963,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="405">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="7CEFA7AA243FFFC703B7F83A9FB3199B" baselines="1976,1976" box="[132,157,1963,1980]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="6" pageNumber="405">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 1. —
|
||||
|
|
@ -291,47 +291,47 @@ MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2) Overall form stellate with concave interbrachial margins t
|
|||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A093176243EFFC603A8FC649E0119CB" blockId="7.[130,777,216,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
|
||||
Arms taper evenly. At least ten axial-adaxial pairs inside disk, free arm length about as or slightly longer than maximum disk diameter (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60214FBA49E491A6F" box="[295,359,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60214FBA49E491A6F" box="[295,359,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60246FBA49EAD1A6F" box="[373,387,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60246FBA49EAD1A6F" box="[373,387,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602A2FBA49E9B1A6F" box="[401,437,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602A2FBA49E9B1A6F" box="[401,437,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Axial arrangement across arm midline inconsistent along and among arms: proximally axials (first 3-4 axials) paired or slightly offset, gradually becoming significantly offset (fully alternating) for remainder of arm (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603BEFB259FCF1AEF" box="[141,225,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603BEFB259FCF1AEF" box="[141,225,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603DEFB259E651AEF" box="[237,331,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">3A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603DEFB259E651AEF" box="[237,331,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">3A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60265FB259E4A1AEE" box="[342,356,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60265FB259E4A1AEE" box="[342,356,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
A-C). Axial midline straight to slightly sinusoidal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60235FB459EAE1ACE" box="[262,384,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60235FB459EAE1ACE" box="[262,384,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Oral axial adradial ridge surfaces closely abutting proximally and distally, lacking orally visible interaxial muscle gaps (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60243FA859EF71B0F" box="[368,473,1300,1327]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 3A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60243FA859EF71B0F" box="[368,473,1300,1327]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 3A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602D2FA859D2B1B0E" box="[481,517,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC602D2FA859D2B1B0E" box="[481,517,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).Transverse ridge located proximally along the adradial ridge in proximal (first 3-4) axials, thereafter location changes gradually more distally to medially along each axial’s adradial ridge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60177FAE59DB91BAE" box="[580,663,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60177FAE59DB91BAE" box="[580,663,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60192FAE59C2C1BAE" box="[673,770,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">3A, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60192FAE59C2C1BAE" box="[673,770,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">3A, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603B0FA059F861B8E" box="[131,168,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603B0FA059F861B8E" box="[131,168,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Podial basins round to slightly wider than long (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60182FA029C2C1B8E" box="[689,770,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60182FA029C2C1B8E" box="[689,770,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-99@6.[698,1267,762,1311]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., holotype, part and counterpart (MHNM.15690.113.3.1-2): A, oral surface; B, aboral surface; C, aboral surface with interpretation of ossicular arrangement; yellow, circlet at apex; blue, “primary” circlet; pink, mid-arm ossicles; green, inner series of ossicles; orange, outer series of ossicles framing mid-arm ossicles and extending into interbrachial areas. Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525903/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603B7FA259FE91BEE" box="[132,199,1460,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">3A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603B7FA259FE91BEE" box="[132,199,1460,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">3A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Where visible at proximal arm region, podial basin floors formed by the proximal axials, with slightly raised, rounded abradial edges forming rims (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6013FFA629D71182E" box="[524,607,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6013FFA629D71182E" box="[524,607,1523,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6015AFA629DA2182D" box="[617,652,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6015AFA629DA2182D" box="[617,652,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), some with possible skeletal gaps between basin floor edge and adradial adaxial wall (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60220F9A29E46186D" box="[275,360,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60220F9A29E46186D" box="[275,360,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Aboral surface of axials smooth with proximal and distal boundaries slightly curved abradially and distally, resulting in skewed axial shape (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6011FF9E29DB518AD" box="[556,667,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6011FF9E29DB518AD" box="[556,667,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Adaxials stout, oral abradial surface slightly below axials. Consecutive adaxials closely abutting proximally and distally. Proximal adaxials with single, distal flange, bordering podial basins. More distally, the abradial podial basin margin is partially shared with a proximal flange on distal adaxial. Abradial edge of adaxials slightly curved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60281F8A39D29196D" box="[434,519,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60281F8A39D29196D" box="[434,519,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60127F8A39D16196C" box="[532,568,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60127F8A39D16196C" box="[532,568,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">4A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Lateral or groove spines, or associated articulation sites, not recognized. Orally, single adradial podial basin on each mouth angle ossicle, and a proximal-most, scoop-shaped depression between adjacent (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603BEF8239FF119EC" box="[141,223,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC603BEF8239FF119EC" box="[141,223,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Aboral surface of mouth frame ossicles hidden by aboral skeleton.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A093176243EFFC6001EFF499A031ED0" blockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" box="[813,1325,216,242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
|
||||
|
|
@ -351,31 +351,31 @@ exhibit some minor morphological variation from the
|
|||
.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC60760FE899B821F12" box="[1107,1196,280,306]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
MHNM.15690.113.1.2 exhibits an additional irregular circlet of ossicles between the centermost (blue in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60733FEC69B421F51" box="[1024,1132,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60733FEC69B421F51" box="[1024,1132,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and the outermost aboral circlet (orange in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC600FDFEE69B151FB1" box="[974,1083,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC600FDFEE69B151FB1" box="[974,1083,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC607B0FEE99BF11FB2" box="[1155,1247,376,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
is the largest specimen and presence of additional ossicles could be reflective of increased size.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC600FFFE269B061FF1" box="[972,1064,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
AA.TNMb.OS.2 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC607CFFE269A651FF1" box="[1276,1355,439,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC607CFFE269A651FF1" box="[1276,1355,439,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) exhibits an unequivocal central apical ossicle surrounded by an aboral circlet of six equally-sized ossicles. In
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC607FBFE669A0A1C31" box="[1224,1316,503,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
AA.TNMb. OS.28, one of these circlet ossicles appears compound, constructed of three closely fitted ossicles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC607D1FDA79A151C71" box="[1250,1339,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC607D1FDA79A151C71" box="[1250,1339,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC60661FDA69A9E1C71" box="[1362,1456,567,593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
AA.TNMb.OS.23 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60739FDC79B4C1C51" box="[1034,1122,598,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60739FDC79B4C1C51" box="[1034,1122,598,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) lacks an unequivocal central apical ossicle and associated circlet but the specimen’s overall poor preservation makes identifying ossicular boundaries particularly difficult.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A093176243EFFC60070FD479BAC1DAF" blockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC60070FD479C8A1CD0" box="[835,932,726,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
MHNM.15690.113.1.2 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60781FD479BD21CD0" box="[1202,1276,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig.2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60781FD479BD21CD0" box="[1202,1276,726,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig.2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and AA.TNMb. OS.28 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC600B3FD679CFF1D30" box="[896,977,758,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC600B3FD679CFF1D30" box="[896,977,758,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp., aboral surfaces, interpretations of ossicular arrangement: A, B, only specimen exhibiting ossicles (black arrow) between the primary circlet (blue) and the series of aboral ossicles (green) onto which the mid-arm ossicles (pink) abut. Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (MHNM.15690.113.1.2);C, D, irregular primary circlet (blue) includes a composite of smaller ossicles (black arrow). Note presence of undifferentiable ossicles (white arrows) along the edge of disk (AA.TNMb.OS.28);E, F, specimen exhibiting well formed “primary circlet” (blue) consisting of six ossicles (AA.TNMb.OS.29); G, H, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) support the interpretation of a possible additional series of aboral ossicles along the margin of the disk, as described in the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC600E9FCA79B121D70" box="[986,1084,822,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. Alternatively, these features might be the aborally exposed abradial edges of the scalar ossicles that cover the oral interbrachia.
|
||||
|
|
@ -384,13 +384,13 @@ MHNM.15690.113.1.2 (
|
|||
In contrast to the tightly fitted and stout polygonal ossicles on the aboral surface, the interradii of the oral surface consist of oval-shaped scalar ossicles. In places they appear to imbricate slightly towards the mouth as in the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC60661FC649A9F1A2F" box="[1362,1457,1013,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60006FB849CAB1A0F" box="[821,901,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60006FB849CAB1A0F" box="[821,901,1045,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This is also visible in at least one interbrachial of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC60018FBA49CA91A6F" box="[811,903,1077,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC607E9FBA49A041A6F" box="[1242,1322,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC607E9FBA49A041A6F" box="[1242,1322,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) where they form shingle-like rows, however, they are more irregularly distributed in others (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6072BFBE59B451AAF" box="[1048,1131,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC6072BFBE59B451AAF" box="[1048,1131,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), perhaps due to disruption.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A093176243EFFC60070FB059B201BCD" blockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
|
||||
|
|
@ -401,11 +401,11 @@ exhibits 3-4 paired axials before the first offset, at least one arm in each
|
|||
MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3 and MHNT. PAL.2005.0.138.2.1 has up to five paired axials. In contrast,
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC60018FAA59CA41B6E" box="[811,906,1332,1358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3 shows a slight offset of the aboral axial distal surface of the axial immediately beyond the paired circumorals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC607A0FAE59A3E1BAE" box="[1171,1296,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC607A0FAE59A3E1BAE" box="[1171,1296,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), whereas this shift doesn’t occur in some of the arms of
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC607DDFA059A631B8E" box="[1262,1357,1428,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.2.8 until the second or third axial after the circumoral (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60082FA429B2F1BCD" box="[945,1025,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60082FA429B2F1BCD" box="[945,1025,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig 4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A093176243EFFC60070FA629B7A194C" blockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
|
||||
|
|
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ The floors of the podial basins and associated abradial cuplike rims adradial to
|
|||
and
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC60719F9A59BAF186E" box="[1066,1153,1588,1614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60005F9C29CA3184D" box="[822,909,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF3243EFFC60005F9C29CA3184D" box="[822,909,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Here, consistent with a proximal abradial ridge, podial basin floors consist of a single axial. Ossicular boundaries of the podial basins shared by consecutive axials due to centrally located adradial ridges are poorly preserved in all available specimens. It cannot be determined unequivocally that shared podial basins consist of a partial distal floor and the proximal floor of the distal axial, as is the case in some other asterozoans, or whether they consist of distally extended floors of the proximal axial.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A093176243EFFC80070F8E39DA3194C" blockId="7.[810,1457,216,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[130,775,1810,1901]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="408" pageId="7" pageNumber="406">
|
||||
|
|
@ -423,11 +423,11 @@ The aboral surface of the mouth frame is covered by the disk skeleton in the
|
|||
.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A50D8FD4243EFFC60711F8039BAF198C" box="[1058,1153,1938,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="406" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3 and MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.28 have exposed oral mouth frames that exhibit mouth angle ossicles that are long and slender aborally, together with circumorals creating characteristic ophiuran Y-shaped configuration with small, proximal-most torus in MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF32430FFC80119F8C39D51194C" box="[554,639,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="408">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF32430FFC80119F8C39D51194C" box="[554,639,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="408">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="2EC961FE2431FFC903B7F8F69E3319C9" pageId="8" pageNumber="407" startId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="2EC961FE2431FFC903B7F8F69E3319C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525905" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525905/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="407" startId="8.[132,143,1895,1912]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1741]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A0931762431FFC903B7F8F69E3319C9" blockId="8.[132,1457,1895,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="407">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="7CEFA7AA2431FFC903B7F8F69FB31957" baselines="1908,1908" box="[132,157,1895,1912]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="8" pageNumber="407">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 2. —
|
||||
|
|
@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3 and MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.28 have exposed oral mouth frame
|
|||
, specimen without discernable primary circlet, central disk ossicles irregularly arranged (AA.TNMb.OS.23). Scale bars: 4 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="2EC961FE2430FFC803B7F9A49BAB18EE" pageId="9" pageNumber="408" startId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="2EC961FE2430FFC803B7F9A49BAB18EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="408" startId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A0931762430FFC803B7F9A49BAB18EE" blockId="9.[132,1457,1589,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="408">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="7CEFA7AA2430FFC803B7F9A49FB31865" baselines="1602,1602" box="[132,157,1589,1606]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="9" pageNumber="408">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 3. —
|
||||
|
|
@ -523,12 +523,12 @@ Even though
|
|||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="53F1501F2430FFC80132F8239DB719EC" box="[513,665,1970,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="408" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is known from multiple specimens in both oral and aboral aspect, ambiguities and poor preservation among and within specimens leave room for alternative interpretations. Some molds are partially filled with a powdery to very-fine, grainy crystalline residue of iron oxide (see
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF32430FFC80772F8E39B9619AC" box="[1089,1208,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="408">Figs 3A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF32430FFC80772F8E39B9619AC" box="[1089,1208,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-39@9.[550,913,866,1009]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, oral surface, color due to iron oxide staining of mold; evenly tapering arms; proximal-most axials paired or slightly offset, then changing to offset and fully alternating axials distally (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); B, oral view, proximal arms and interbrachial area; axials paired to slightly offset (black arrows); rows (white arrows) of elongated scalar disk ossicles (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); C, oral view, possibly disrupted irregular distribution of scalar disk ossicles (white arrow) in interbrachial area (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.138.2.1); D, oral view, proximal region of left-most arm (A), axial (ax) transverse ridge transitions from proximal to medial; large podial basins (pb) with floors on single axial; abradial rims (pbr) of basin rounded (MHNT. PAL.2005.0.146.1.3); E, holotype, oral view, disk with imbricated scalar interbrachial ossicles; podial basins prominent (white arrows) on pair of mouth angle ossicles; axials transition from irregularly paired to more offset (MHNM.15690.113.3.1). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B-D, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525907/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="408">Figs 3A, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF32430FFC807F7F8E39BFC19AC" box="[1220,1234,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="408">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E28D2DF32430FFC807F7F8E39BFC19AC" box="[1220,1234,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-402@10.[697,887,213,828]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 4. — Componaster spurius n. gen., n. sp.: A, holotype, proximal oral arm region, transition between irregularly paired to increasingly offset axials; position of transverse ridge changes from proximal to more medial; podial basin rims (pbr), possible skeletal gaps (gp) visible between rims of podial basins and adradial surfaces of cupping adaxials (MHNM.15690.113.3.1);B, aboral view of portion of mouth frame and proximally paired axials; axials rectangular and skewed abradially (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.8); C, aboral view of circumoral (co) and paired to slightly offset proximal axials (ax) (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3); D, aboral view of mouth frame; circumoral (co), mouth angle ossicles (mao), and possible torus (t), (MHNT.PAL.2005.0.146.2.3). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="408">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
B-D). The effects on the latex casts include partial or complete loss of boundaries between ossicles, and a granular surface “veneer” obscuring true ossicular surface textures. Missing or partially preserved ossicles, including variations in ossicular depth, might not necessarily be due to taphonomic or diagenetic factors, but a result of variable infilling of the molds with the iron oxides – affecting the fidelity of the final latex cast. These vagaries challenge observation and interpretation of morphology. In particular, it severely limits the application of the detailed “lateral arm plate” (LAP) morphologies proposed byThuy & Stöhr (2011) and used for post-Paleozoic ophiuroids and Paleozoic crown-group members. Adaxial surfaces in available specimens exhibit too few unambiguous details to allow such a comprehensive analysis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2EC961FE2433FFCB03B7FAAE9BE21B8A" pageId="10" pageNumber="409" startId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" targetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<caption id="2EC961FE2433FFCB03B7FAAE9BE21B8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14525909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14525909/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="409" startId="10.[132,143,1343,1360]" targetBox="[132,1456,215,1301]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A0931762433FFCB03B7FAAE9BE21B8A" blockId="10.[132,1456,1343,1450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="409">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="7CEFA7AA2433FFCB03B7FAAE9FB31B6F" baselines="1356,1356" box="[132,157,1343,1360]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="10" pageNumber="409">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 4. —
|
||||
|
|
|
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Reference in a new issue