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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4541" ID-PMC="PMC4355649" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--4541" ID-PubMed="25829859" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e4541" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Checklist of Fabaceae Lindley in Balaghat Ranges of Maharashtra, India" checkinTime="1553126572090" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gore, Ramchandra &amp; Gaikwad, Sayajirao" docDate="2015" docId="39612634A9FA269BAC6DDE2969629C59" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 3: e4541" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4541" docTitle="Vigna sublobata (Roxb.) Babu &amp; Shrubarma 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="4541" masterDocId="1D0CFF874315FF91FFB8FFB7D20EFF88" masterDocTitle="Checklist of Fabaceae Lindley in Balaghat Ranges of Maharashtra, India" masterLastPageNumber="4541" masterPageNumber="4541" pageNumber="4541" updateTime="1668122921073" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Checklist of Fabaceae Lindley in Balaghat Ranges of Maharashtra, India</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gore, Ramchandra</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gaikwad, Sayajirao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--4541</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39612634A9FA269BAC6DDE2969629C59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/39612634A9FA269BAC6DDE2969629C59" lastPageNumber="4541" pageId="0" pageNumber="4541">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4541" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4541">
<taxonomicName authority="(Roxb.) Babu &amp; Shrubarma, 1987" authorityName="(Roxb.) Babu &amp; Shrubarma" authorityYear="1987" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vigna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vigna sublobata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4541" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublobata">Vigna sublobata (Roxb.) Babu &amp; Shrubarma, 1987</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4541" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4541">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4541">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="Wachland College of Arts &amp; Science, Solapur (WCAS)." country="India" latitude="32.097" location="Kunthalgiri" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="41.563" pageId="0" pageNumber="4541" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4541">Other material</typeStatus>
. Location: continent: Asia; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4541">India</collectingCountry>
; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Washi; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39612634A9FA269BAC6DDE2969629C59:DDE5883C9BC8B6D11243995466D8293C" country="India" latitude="32.097" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="41.563" name="Kunthalgiri" pageId="0" pageNumber="4541">Kunthalgiri</location>
; verbatimLatitude: 18°
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="32.097">32.097N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude: 75°
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="41.563">41.563E</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimCoordinateSystem: degrees minutes; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: month: August-November; fieldNumber: RDG- 700; fieldNotes: Trailing/twining herbs; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4541">Wachland College of Arts &amp; Science, Solapur (WCAS).</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="98F6ED498DC251CFB6466A714E5977D2" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d807ddef-16a9-4732-a3c1-4096e4d2137d" ModsDocAuthor="Willmann, C." ModsDocDate="1952" ModsDocID="ORI11037" ModsDocOrigin="http://unknown" ModsDocTitle="Die Milbenfauna der Nordseeinsel Wangerooge" checkinTime="1331289362998" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Willmann, C." docDate="1952" docId="396167B5C26A24D0CB272D4C76F000FF" docLanguage="de" docName="Willmann1952_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven 1" docSource="http://unknown" docTitle="Suctobelba trigona" docType="treatment" docVersion="22" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="2ABCDBCE441E554E596A29F1744A0A61" masterDocTitle="Die Milbenfauna der Nordseeinsel Wangerooge" masterLastPageNumber="186" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1701313527977" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="8DB0F1C81A8995025F32ECB3A078ADD3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="325091CF6E363C9B22FE75D02A99DF02">
<mods:title id="D96249F95847F26DC703EB11422FBE0D">Die Milbenfauna der Nordseeinsel Wangerooge</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7C0FDCD2A2033BD715AB9E4E926C0527" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4683337E456815552DE349DCBE6F095A">
<mods:roleTerm id="3B4B713CD55AE125E514A20E0D21826D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6CE34E033674DF493BF94B3F74588953">Willmann, C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="40DA4BD676591695DEEA3678AB2C5464">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6C51818BC5732F906A61C23A45A025D0" type="host">
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<mods:title id="93DE767725150990AF3E2A37BA362170">Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="774B4C6E8FAA22EF85C62A9C4F5B8452">
<mods:date id="A5A849B4CDFA74978A8E0A0C7C3900BF">1952</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4518F2CC731AAD051C8748CF9A93DAD9" type="volume">
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<mods:url id="E983E0B656387F153B3B6D2767F6904C">http://unknown</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="EBFF4477F263A4AAABA6F109C1D9CB59" type="Plazi-Custom">ORI11037</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="933068D8EB25A66F3F66D3923E45AA57" type="ZooBank">1CD7624C-FC8F-4DD0-AA34-762D8FFB6267</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="396167B5C26A24D0CB272D4C76F000FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6286711" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100111714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6286711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:396167B5C26A24D0CB272D4C76F000FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/396167B5C26A24D0CB272D4C76F000FF" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="34" pageNumber="173">
<subSubSection id="6EC52519987EE946248F9A8E96AECF7C" pageId="34" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="05417597F669EDC43456C221E543E69F" pageId="34" pageNumber="173">
106.
<taxonomicName id="A2927C11360D4E25D0ADBDBCC3881CCD" ID-CoL="7B3RN" class="Arachnida" family="Suctobelbidae" genus="Suctobelba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigona">Suctobelba trigona</taxonomicName>
(Michael 1888).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="4186856B23660BC17B54FF90788A233F" pageId="34" pageNumber="173">
<materialsCitation id="1B8F0B24F4501EC693461276AEEE0270" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923906332" collectingDate="1949-08-22" collectingMethod="Bodenprobe, Berlese-Extraktion" collectorName="Carl Willmann" country="Germany" elevation="3 m" latitude="53.7910" location="Kiefernwaeldchen neben dem &quot; Meeresstern &quot;" longLatPrecision="200" longitude="7.9079" stateProvince="Wangerooge">
Fundort:
<location id="9384FFD05F230BD47DD2EB5E0224789F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:396167B5C26A24D0CB272D4C76F000FF:9384FFD05F230BD47DD2EB5E0224789F" country="Germany" elevation="3 m" latitude="53.7910" longLatPrecision="200" longitude="7.9079" name="Kiefernwaeldchen neben dem &quot; Meeresstern &quot;" stateProvince="Wangerooge">
<normalizedToken id="F3FEE4A45C0C066D4371035DEAA1E1E3" originalValue="Kiefernwäldchen" pageId="34" pageNumber="173">Kiefernwaeldchen</normalizedToken>
neben dem &quot;Meeresstern&quot;
</location>
,
<date id="F062D80134B45560C5920F9DF41C0CB7" value="1949-08-22">
<collectingDate id="8939E01F8193F25FD1456453F31ADBBD" value="1949-08-22">22. VIII. 49</collectingDate>
</date>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FD7C54FE8041EC45D5A318397CF8DDD" pageId="34" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B4C7FB2E3D6FED0CF39161588AB4D5C7" pageId="34" pageNumber="173">Die Art ist weit verbreitet.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="396187C5FF92334FFF97FA59668AFCE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6309504" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193364985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6309504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:396187C5FF92334FFF97FA59668AFCE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/396187C5FF92334FFF97FA59668AFCE0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="F9D26558FF923348FF97FA5965D1F9F0" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="EA3F81BFFF923348FF97FA5965D1F9F0" allCaps="true" bold="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" reason="3">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FF97FA5965D1F9F0" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
DESCRIPTION OF
<taxonomicName id="76C84D50FF923348FE80FA5967BFFA0B" authority="Osman &amp; Gao &amp; Wang &amp; Mahmud &amp; Sun &amp; Zhang &amp; Zhan &amp; Zhang &amp; Lou, 2018" authorityName="Osman &amp; Gao &amp; Wang &amp; Mahmud &amp; Sun &amp; Zhang &amp; Zhan &amp; Zhang &amp; Lou" authorityYear="2018" box="[366,666,1490,1519]" class="Cytophagia" family="Cytophagaceae" genus="Pontibacter" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cytophagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Bacteroidetes" rank="species" species="brevis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FE80FA5967BFFA0B" bold="true" box="[366,666,1490,1519]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">PONTIBACTER BREVIS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9D26558FF923348FF97F9A8678DF9DF" box="[121,680,1569,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B17736D3FF923348FF97F9A8678DF9DF" blockId="3.[121,759,1490,1952]" box="[121,680,1569,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="76C84D50FF923348FF97F9A86410F9DF" authorityName="Osman &amp; Gao &amp; Wang &amp; Mahmud &amp; Sun &amp; Zhang &amp; Zhan &amp; Zhang &amp; Lou" authorityYear="2018" box="[121,309,1571,1595]" class="Cytophagia" family="Cytophagaceae" genus="Pontibacter" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cytophagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Bacteroidetes" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FF97F9A86410F9DF" box="[121,309,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Pontibacter brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(bre′ vis. L. masc. adj.
<taxonomicName id="76C84D50FF923348FDF1F9A86779F9DF" authorityName="Osman &amp; Gao &amp; Wang &amp; Mahmud &amp; Sun &amp; Zhang &amp; Zhan &amp; Zhang &amp; Lou" authorityYear="2018" box="[543,604,1571,1595]" class="Cytophagia" family="Cytophagaceae" genus="Pontibacter" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cytophagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Bacteroidetes" rank="species" species="brevis">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FDF1F9A86779F9DF" box="[543,604,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">brevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
short).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9D26558FF92334FFF97F9D9668AFCE0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="B17736D3FF92334FFF97F9D96116FDB8" blockId="3.[121,759,1490,1952]" lastBlockId="4.[827,1465,182,772]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
Cells are Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and oval-shaped (0.3–0.4 µm wide and 0.6 µm long), without flagella and non-motile. Colonies are light pink, circular, shiny, convex, smooth and
<quantity id="76309B36FF923348FEECF925647CF921" box="[258,345,1709,1734]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
in diameter after 5 days incubation at 28
<superScript id="46BD9B9BFF923348FF79F94165BBF931" attach="right" box="[151,158,1738,1749]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Ǫ</superScript>
C on 0.3×MB agar. Na
<superScript id="46BD9B9BFF923348FE5EF94D649EF933" attach="left" box="[432,443,1734,1751]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">+</superScript>
ions are not required for growth. Growth occurs at 5–37
<superScript id="46BD9B9BFF923348FE08F96264C8F910" attach="right" box="[486,493,1769,1780]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Ǫ</superScript>
C (optimum 28–30
<superScript id="46BD9B9BFF923348FD20F96267F0F910" attach="right" box="[718,725,1769,1780]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Ǫ</superScript>
C). Growth occurs in 0–8 % NaCl (optimum 0.5–2.0 %) and at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum pH 7.0–8.0). Starch, aesculin and gelatin are hydrolysed but casein is not. Negative for nitrate reduction, indole production, glucose acidification, arginine dihydrolase, urease, H
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF923348FE89F8046454F844" attach="both" box="[359,369,1935,1952]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">2</subScript>
S production, Voges–Proskauer test, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase. In the API ZYM test, positive reactions for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FB27FB3361FEFB2B" box="[1225,1243,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">N</emphasis>
-acetyl-
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FAC5FB33601EFB34" box="[1323,1339,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">β</emphasis>
-glucosaminidase, trypsin,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FC03FB5C66D8FB0B" box="[1005,1021,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Oi</emphasis>
-chymotrypsin,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FB45FB5C619EFB0B" box="[1195,1211,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Oi</emphasis>
-galactosidase,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FA8EFB5C6055FB0B" box="[1376,1392,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">β</emphasis>
-galactosidase and
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FC3DFB7D66C6FAEA" box="[979,995,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">β</emphasis>
-glucuronidase, but negative reactions for lipase (C14),
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FC3BFA9E66C0FAC9" box="[981,997,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Oi</emphasis>
-mannosidase,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FB63FA9E61B8FAC9" box="[1165,1181,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">β</emphasis>
-fucosidase,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FAC9FA9E6012FAC9" box="[1319,1335,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Oi</emphasis>
-glucosidase and
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FC85FABF665EFAA8" box="[875,891,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">β</emphasis>
-glucosidase are observed. In the API 50
<collectingCountry id="C9DF7643FF923348FAC0FABF6076FAA8" box="[1326,1363,1332,1356]" name="Switzerland" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">CH</collectingCountry>
test, acid is produced from L- arabinose, ribose, D- xylose, galactose, D- glucose, D- fructose, D- mannose, L- rhamnose, methyl
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FCD5FA196671FA4E" box="[827,852,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Oi-</emphasis>
D- glucopyranoside, aesculin, salicin, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, inulin, melezitose, raffinose, starch, glycogen, gentiobiose and potassium 5-ketogluconate, but not from glycerol, erythritol, D- arabinose, L- xylose, adonitol,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FBE8F9846133F9C3" box="[1030,1046,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">β</emphasis>
-methyl-D- xyloside, L- sorbose, dulcitol, inositol, D- manitol, D- sorbitol, methyl
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FB06F9A56024F9A1" box="[1256,1281,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Oi-</emphasis>
D- mannopyranoside,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FC9CF9C566A1F981" box="[882,900,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">N</emphasis>
-acetyl glucosamine, amygdalin, arbutin, xylitol, turanose, D- lyxose, D- tagatose, D- fucose, L- fucose, D- arabitol, L- arabitol, potassium gluconate or potassium 2-keto gluconate. Assays performed using the API 20NE system show no assimilation of D- glucose, L- arabinose, D- mannose, D- mannitol,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FC2DF96166F3F8E5" box="[963,982,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">N</emphasis>
-acetyl-glucosamine, maltose, potassium gluconate, capric acid, adipic acid, malic acid, trisodium citrate or phenylacetic acid. In Biolog GNIII MicroPlate assays, positive reactions are observed for raffinose,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF923348FADDF8CC6066F8BB" box="[1331,1347,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Oi</emphasis>
-D- glucose, D- sorbitol, gelatin, pectin, Tween 40, dextrin, lactose, D- mannose, D- galacturonic acid, maltose, melibiose, D- fructose, trehalose,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFE96F94C64ADF93B" box="[376,392,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">β</emphasis>
-methyl-D- glucoside, D- galactose, D- gluconic acid, cellobiose, D- salicin, L- aspartic acid, D- glucuronic acid, gentiobiose,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFE4CF88D6490F8F9" box="[418,437,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">N</emphasis>
-acetyl-D- glucosamine, D- glucose-6-PO
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFF06F8A465D7F8A4" attach="left" box="[232,242,1839,1856]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">4</subScript>
, L- glutamic acid, acetoacetic acid, sucrose,
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFF97F8C165AFF8B8" attach="none" box="[121,138,1860,1884]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">L-</subScript>
fucose,
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFF01F8C16420F8B8" attach="right" box="[239,261,1860,1884]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">D-</subScript>
fructose-6-PO
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFE70F8C5648DF8BB" attach="left" box="[414,424,1870,1887]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">4</subScript>
, propionic acid, turanose, L- rhamnose, quinic acid, acetic acid, stachyose and L- serine, but not for
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFECBF8086417F87E" box="[293,306,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">p</emphasis>
-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, D- mannitol, glycyl-L- proline, methyl pyruvate,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFB2BFF3C61F1FF2B" box="[1221,1236,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Ƴ</emphasis>
-aminobutryric acid, D- arabitol, L- alanine, L- galactonic acid lactone, D- lactic acid methyl ester,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFC3AFF7F66C1FEE8" box="[980,996,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Oi</emphasis>
-hydroxybutyric acid, myo-inositol, L- arginine, L- lactic acid,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFBF5FE99610EFECE" box="[1051,1067,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">β</emphasis>
-hydroxy-D,L- butyric acid, 3-methyl glucose, glycerol, citric acid,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFB93FEBA61A8FEAD" box="[1149,1165,305,329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Oi</emphasis>
-ketobutyric acid, D- fucose, glucuronamide,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFC04FEDB66DFFE8C" box="[1002,1018,336,360]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Oi</emphasis>
-ketoglutaric acid,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFB28FEDB61FCFE83" box="[1222,1241,336,359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">N</emphasis>
-acetyl-
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFAC7FEDB601CFE8C" box="[1321,1337,336,360]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">β</emphasis>
-D- mannosamine,
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFC7EFEFF6684FE62" attach="right" box="[912,929,366,390]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">L-</subScript>
histidine, mucic acid,
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFB4EFEFF6193FE62" attach="right" box="[1184,1206,366,390]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">D-</subScript>
malic acid,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFAD1FEE46077FE62" box="[1343,1362,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">N</emphasis>
-
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFAB6FEE566F6FE40" attach="right" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">acetyl-D-galactosamine</subScript>
, D- aspartic acid, L- pyroglutamic acid, L- malic acid,
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFC95FE2766ABFE27" box="[891,910,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">N</emphasis>
-acetyl neuraminic acid, inosine,
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFAE2FE3A6004FE27" attach="right" box="[1292,1313,427,451]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">D-</subScript>
serine,
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFA99FE3A60A8FE26" attach="right" box="[1399,1421,427,450]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">D-</subScript>
saccharic acid, bromosuccinic acid and formic acid. The sole respiratory quinone is MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids are summed feature 4 (iso-C
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFB2BFD9A61C8FDC6" attach="left" box="[1221,1261,529,546]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">17: 1</subScript>
I and/or anteiso-C
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFCA2FDA46651FDA4" attach="left" box="[844,884,559,576]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">17: 1</subScript>
B) and iso-C
<subScript id="2D4C3496FF95334FFBE7FDA46117FDA4" attach="left" box="[1033,1074,559,576]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">15: 0</subScript>
. The major polar lipids are PE and two unidentified lipids.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E5B7665BFF95334FFF97FF3D65D6FE90" ID-Table-UUID="E5B7665BFF95334FFF97FF3D65D6FE90" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E5B7665BFF95334FFF97FF3D65D6FE90" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" startId="4.[121,172,182,201]" targetBox="[138,734,402,1456]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="B17736D3FF95334FFF97FF3D6436FF07" blockId="4.[121,760,177,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF97FF3D65EEFF2D" bold="true" box="[121,203,182,201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Table 2.</emphasis>
Fatty acid composition (%) of strain XAAS-2
<superScript id="46BD9B9BFF95334FFD7AFF3A67B9FF5A" attach="left" box="[660,668,177,190]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">T</superScript>
and the reference strains
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17736D3FF95334FFF97FF7C65D6FE90" blockId="4.[121,760,177,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
Strains/species: 1, XAAS-2
<superScript id="46BD9B9BFF95334FFE85FF796456FF1B" attach="none" box="[363,371,242,255]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">T</superScript>
; 2,
<taxonomicName id="76C84D50FF95334FFE7BFF7C675EFEEE" authority="CCTCC AB" authorityName="CCTCC AB" box="[405,635,247,266]" class="Cytophagia" family="Cytophagaceae" genus="Pontibacter" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cytophagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" phylum="Bacteroidetes" rank="species" species="xinjiangensis">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFE7BFF7C673EFEEE" box="[405,539,247,266]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">P. xinjiangensis</emphasis>
CCTCC AB
</taxonomicName>
207200; 3,
<taxonomicName id="76C84D50FF95334FFD09FF7C642CFEC1" authority="KCTC" authorityName="KCTC" class="Cytophagia" family="Cytophagaceae" genus="Pontibacter" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cytophagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" phylum="Bacteroidetes" rank="species" species="odishensis">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFD09FF7C65F1FEC1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">P. odishensis</emphasis>
KCTC
</taxonomicName>
23982; 4,
<taxonomicName id="76C84D50FF95334FFE85FE996702FEC1" authority="CCTCC AB" authorityName="CCTCC AB" box="[363,551,274,293]" class="Cytophagia" family="Cytophagaceae" genus="Pontibacter" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cytophagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" phylum="Bacteroidetes" rank="species" species="locisalis">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFE85FE9964E3FEC1" box="[363,454,274,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">P. locisalis</emphasis>
CCTCC AB
</taxonomicName>
2015060; 5,
<taxonomicName id="76C84D50FF95334FFD4EFE9965F1FEDB" authority="KACC" authorityName="KACC" class="Cytophagia" family="Cytophagaceae" genus="Pontibacter" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cytophagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" phylum="Bacteroidetes" rank="species" species="actiniarum">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFD4EFE9965B8FEDB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">P. actiniarum</emphasis>
KACC
</taxonomicName>
15405. All data were taken from this study. All strains were grown for 2 days at 28
<superScript id="46BD9B9BFF95334FFEA4FECE6475FEA9" attach="right" box="[330,336,325,333]" fontSize="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Ǫ</superScript>
C 0.3 MB 2216 (BD) agar., Not detected;, × ‒ TR traces (&lt;1 %).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B17736D3FF95334FFF64FE1867F0FA54" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<table id="C3C8C473FF95CCB4FF64FE1967FBFA54" box="[138,734,402,1456]" gridcols="6" gridrows="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FE1967FBFE47" box="[138,734,402,419]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FE196438FE47" box="[138,285,402,419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF64FE1865F8FE47" bold="true" box="[138,221,402,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Fatty acid</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FE196452FE47" box="[342,375,402,419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFE8FFE19644EFE47" bold="true" box="[353,363,402,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFE1964F4FE47" box="[432,465,402,419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFE55FE1964E0FE47" bold="true" box="[443,453,402,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">2</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FE19670EFE47" box="[522,555,402,419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFDFBFE19673AFE47" bold="true" box="[533,543,402,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">3</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFE1967A1FE47" box="[611,644,402,419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFD81FE19675CFE47" bold="true" box="[623,633,402,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">4</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FE1967FBFE47" box="[701,734,402,419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFD27FE1867F6FE47" bold="true" box="[713,723,403,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">5</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FE4867FBFE30" box="[138,734,451,468]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FE486438FE30" box="[138,285,451,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Saturated</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FE6967FBFE12" box="[138,734,482,502]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FE696438FE12" box="[138,285,482,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">C14: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FE696452FE12" box="[342,375,482,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFE6964F4FE12" box="[432,465,482,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FE69670EFE12" box="[522,555,482,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFE6967A1FE12" box="[611,644,482,502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FE6967FBFE12" box="[701,734,482,502]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FD8967FBFDF2" box="[138,734,514,534]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FD896438FDF2" box="[138,285,514,534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">C16: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FD896452FDF2" box="[342,375,514,534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFD8964F4FDF2" box="[432,465,514,534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FD89670EFDF2" box="[522,555,514,534]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFD8967A1FDF2" box="[611,644,514,534]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.1</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FD8967FBFDF2" box="[701,734,514,534]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FDA967FBFDD2" box="[138,734,546,566]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FDA96438FDD2" box="[138,285,546,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">C17: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FDA9670EFDD2" box="[522,555,546,566]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFDA967A1FDD2" box="[611,644,546,566]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FDA967FBFDD2" box="[701,734,546,566]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FDC967FBFDB2" box="[138,734,578,598]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FDC96438FDB2" box="[138,285,578,598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">C18: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FDC96452FDB2" box="[342,375,578,598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFDC964F4FDB2" box="[432,465,578,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FDC9670EFDB2" box="[522,555,578,598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFDC967A1FDB2" box="[611,644,578,598]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FDC967FBFDB2" box="[701,734,578,598]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FDE967FBFD92" box="[138,734,610,630]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FDE96438FD92" box="[138,285,610,630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">C19: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FDE96452FD92" box="[342,375,610,630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFDE964F4FD92" box="[432,465,610,630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FDE9670EFD92" box="[522,555,610,630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFDE967A1FD92" box="[611,644,610,630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FDE967FBFD92" box="[701,734,610,630]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FD0967FBFD77" box="[138,734,642,659]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FD096438FD77" box="[138,285,642,659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Branched</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FD2967FBFD51" box="[138,734,674,693]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FD296438FD51" box="[138,285,674,693]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C14: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FD296452FD51" box="[342,375,674,693]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFD2964F4FD51" box="[432,465,674,693]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FD29670EFD51" box="[522,555,674,693]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.3</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFD2967A1FD51" box="[611,644,674,693]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FD2967FBFD51" box="[701,734,674,693]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FD4967FBFD31" box="[138,734,706,725]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FD496438FD31" box="[138,285,706,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C15: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FD496452FD31" box="[342,375,706,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">26.3</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFD4964F4FD31" box="[432,465,706,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">23.1</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FD49670EFD31" box="[522,555,706,725]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">30.1</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFD4967A1FD31" box="[611,644,706,725]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">41.1</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FD4967FBFD31" box="[701,734,706,725]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">36.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FD6A67FBFD11" box="[138,734,737,757]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FD6A6438FD11" box="[138,285,737,757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C16: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FD6A6452FD11" box="[342,375,737,757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFD6A64F4FD11" box="[432,465,737,757]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.3</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FD6A670EFD11" box="[522,555,737,757]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">4.8</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFD6A67A1FD11" box="[611,644,737,757]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">6.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FD6A67FBFD11" box="[701,734,737,757]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FC8A67FBFCF1" box="[138,734,769,789]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FC8A6438FCF1" box="[138,285,769,789]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C17: 0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FC8A6452FCF1" box="[342,375,769,789]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.1</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFC8A64F4FCF1" box="[432,465,769,789]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.4</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FC8A670EFCF1" box="[522,555,769,789]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFC8A67A1FCF1" box="[611,644,769,789]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">5.6</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FC8A67FBFCF1" box="[701,734,769,789]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FCAA67FBFCD1" box="[138,734,801,821]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FCAA6438FCD1" box="[138,285,801,821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Anteiso-C15:0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FCAA6452FCD1" box="[342,375,801,821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFCAA64F4FCD1" box="[432,465,801,821]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.7</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FCAA670EFCD1" box="[522,555,801,821]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.0</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFCAA67A1FCD1" box="[611,644,801,821]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FCAA67FBFCD1" box="[701,734,801,821]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FCCA67FBFCB1" box="[138,734,833,853]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FCCA6438FCB1" box="[138,285,833,853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Anteiso-C17:0</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FCCA6452FCB1" box="[342,375,833,853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFCCA64F4FCB1" box="[432,465,833,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FCCA670EFCB1" box="[522,555,833,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFCCA67A1FCB1" box="[611,644,833,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FCCA67FBFCB1" box="[701,734,833,853]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FCEA67FBFC96" box="[138,734,865,882]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FCEA6438FC96" box="[138,285,865,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Hydroxy</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FC0A67FBFC71" box="[138,734,897,917]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FC0A6438FC71" box="[138,285,897,917]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">C16: 0 3OH</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FC0A6452FC71" box="[342,375,897,917]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFC0A64F4FC71" box="[432,465,897,917]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FC0A670EFC71" box="[522,555,897,917]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFC0A67A1FC71" box="[611,644,897,917]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FC0A67FBFC71" box="[701,734,897,917]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FC2A67FBFC50" box="[138,734,929,948]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FC2A6438FC50" box="[138,285,929,948]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C15: 0 3OH</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FC2A6452FC50" box="[342,375,929,948]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFC2A64F4FC50" box="[432,465,929,948]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.92</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FC2A670EFC50" box="[522,555,929,948]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFC2A67A1FC50" box="[611,644,929,948]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FC2A67FBFC50" box="[701,734,929,948]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FC4A67FBFC30" box="[138,734,961,980]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FC4A6438FC30" box="[138,285,961,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C16: 0 3OH</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FC4A6452FC30" box="[342,375,961,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.3</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFC4A64F4FC30" box="[432,465,961,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FC4A670EFC30" box="[522,555,961,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFC4A67A1FC30" box="[611,644,961,980]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">2.3</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FC4A67FBFC30" box="[701,734,961,980]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FC6B67FBFC10" box="[138,734,992,1012]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FC6B6438FC10" box="[138,285,992,1012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C17: 0 3OH</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FC6B6452FC10" box="[342,375,992,1012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFC6B64F4FC10" box="[432,465,992,1012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">6.9</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FC6B670EFC10" box="[522,555,992,1012]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFC6B67A1FC10" box="[611,644,992,1012]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.1</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FC6B67FBFC10" box="[701,734,992,1012]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FB8B67FBFBF5" box="[138,734,1024,1041]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FB8B6438FBF5" box="[138,285,1024,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Unsaturated</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FBAB67FBFBD0" box="[138,734,1056,1076]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FBAB6438FBD0" box="[138,285,1056,1076]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
C14: 1
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF2AFBAF65F5FBD5" box="[196,208,1060,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Ɯ</emphasis>
5
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF34FBAA65C4FBD5" box="[218,225,1057,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">c</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FBAB6452FBD0" box="[342,375,1056,1076]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFBAB64F4FBD0" box="[432,465,1056,1076]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FBAB670EFBD0" box="[522,555,1056,1076]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFBAB67A1FBD0" box="[611,644,1056,1076]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FBAB67FBFBD0" box="[701,734,1056,1076]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FBCB67FBFBB0" box="[138,734,1088,1108]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FBCB6438FBB0" box="[138,285,1088,1108]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
C15: 1
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF2AFBCF65F5FBB5" box="[196,208,1092,1105]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Ɯ</emphasis>
6
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF34FBCA65C4FBB5" box="[218,225,1089,1105]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">c</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FBCB6452FBB0" box="[342,375,1088,1108]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFBCB64F4FBB0" box="[432,465,1088,1108]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FBCB670EFBB0" box="[522,555,1088,1108]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.26</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFBCB67A1FBB0" box="[611,644,1088,1108]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FBCB67FBFBB0" box="[701,734,1088,1108]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FBEB67FBFB90" box="[138,734,1120,1140]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FBEB6438FB90" box="[138,285,1120,1140]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
C16: 1
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF2AFBEF65F5FB95" box="[196,208,1124,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Ɯ</emphasis>
5
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF34FBEA65C4FB95" box="[218,225,1121,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">c</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FBEB6452FB90" box="[342,375,1120,1140]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">9.4</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFBEB64F4FB90" box="[432,465,1120,1140]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">7.3</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FBEB670EFB90" box="[522,555,1120,1140]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">3.6</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFBEB67A1FB90" box="[611,644,1120,1140]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">4.4</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FBEB67FBFB90" box="[701,734,1120,1140]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FB0B67FBFB70" box="[138,734,1152,1172]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FB0B6438FB70" box="[138,285,1152,1172]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
C17: 1
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF2AFB0F65F5FB75" box="[196,208,1156,1169]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Ɯ</emphasis>
6
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFF34FB0B65C4FB74" box="[218,225,1152,1168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">c</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FB0B6452FB70" box="[342,375,1152,1172]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.2</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFB0B64F4FB70" box="[432,465,1152,1172]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">2.4</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FB0B670EFB70" box="[522,555,1152,1172]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">5.7</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFB0B67A1FB70" box="[611,644,1152,1172]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.6</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FB0B67FBFB70" box="[701,734,1152,1172]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">3.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FB2B67FBFB57" box="[138,734,1184,1203]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FB2B6438FB57" box="[138,285,1184,1203]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C15: 1 G</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FB2B6452FB57" box="[342,375,1184,1203]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFB2B64F4FB57" box="[432,465,1184,1203]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FB2B670EFB57" box="[522,555,1184,1203]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.2</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFB2B67A1FB57" box="[611,644,1184,1203]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.8</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FB2B67FBFB57" box="[701,734,1184,1203]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FB4B67FBFB37" box="[138,734,1216,1235]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FB4B6438FB37" box="[138,285,1216,1235]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C15: 1 F</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FB4B6452FB37" box="[342,375,1216,1235]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFB4B64F4FB37" box="[432,465,1216,1235]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FB4B670EFB37" box="[522,555,1216,1235]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFB4B67A1FB37" box="[611,644,1216,1235]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FB4B67FBFB37" box="[701,734,1216,1235]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FB5467FBFB17" box="[138,734,1247,1267]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FB546438FB17" box="[138,285,1247,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C16: 1 H</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FB546452FB17" box="[342,375,1247,1267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.7</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFB5464F4FB17" box="[432,465,1247,1267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.4</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FB54670EFB17" box="[522,555,1247,1267]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">5.7</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFB5467A1FB17" box="[611,644,1247,1267]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">3.3</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FB5467FBFB17" box="[701,734,1247,1267]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FA8B67FBFAF7" box="[138,734,1280,1299]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FA8B6438FAF7" box="[138,285,1280,1299]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Iso-C18: 1 H</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FA8B6452FAF7" box="[342,375,1280,1299]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFA8B64F4FAF7" box="[432,465,1280,1299]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FA8B670EFAF7" box="[522,555,1280,1299]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.7</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFA8B67A1FAF7" box="[611,644,1280,1299]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FA8B67FBFAF7" box="[701,734,1280,1299]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FA9467FBFAD4" box="[138,734,1311,1328]" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FA946438FAD4" box="[138,285,1311,1328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Summed features*</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FAB467FBFAB4" box="[138,734,1343,1360]" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FAB46438FAB4" box="[138,285,1343,1360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FAB46452FAB4" box="[342,375,1343,1360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">3.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFAB464F4FAB4" box="[432,465,1343,1360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FAB4670EFAB4" box="[522,555,1343,1360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">2.0</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFAB467A1FAB4" box="[611,644,1343,1360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.0</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FAB467FBFAB4" box="[701,734,1343,1360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">4.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FAD467FBFA94" box="[138,734,1375,1392]" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FAD46438FA94" box="[138,285,1375,1392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">3</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FAD46452FA94" box="[342,375,1375,1392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">5.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFAD464F4FA94" box="[432,465,1375,1392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">12.9</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FAD4670EFA94" box="[522,555,1375,1392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.6</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFAD467A1FA94" box="[611,644,1375,1392]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">TR</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FAD467FBFA94" box="[701,734,1375,1392]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FAF467FBFA74" box="[138,734,1407,1424]" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FAF46438FA74" box="[138,285,1407,1424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">4</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FAF46452FA74" box="[342,375,1407,1424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">44.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFAF464F4FA74" box="[432,465,1407,1424]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">31.2</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FAF4670EFA74" box="[522,555,1407,1424]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">34.2</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFAF467A1FA74" box="[611,644,1407,1424]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">24.5</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FAF467FBFA74" box="[701,734,1407,1424]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">37.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0FF83491FF95CCB4FF64FA1467FBFA54" box="[138,734,1439,1456]" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<th id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FF64FA146438FA54" box="[138,285,1439,1456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">9</th>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FEB8FA146452FA54" box="[342,375,1439,1456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FE5EFA1464F4FA54" box="[432,465,1439,1456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">1.4</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FDE4FA14670EFA54" box="[522,555,1439,1456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD8DFA1467A1FA54" box="[611,644,1439,1456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
<td id="4C295DEDFF95CCB4FD53FA1467FBFA54" box="[701,734,1439,1456]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">‒</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B17736D3FF95334FFCD5FDF9668AFCE0" blockId="4.[827,1465,182,772]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<materialsCitation id="01A03C8EFF95334FFCD5FDF96689FCE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3465768301" accessionNumber="JCM 31443" country="China" location="Aydingkol Lake" municipality="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="holotype">
The
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strain is XAAS-2
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(=CCTCC AB 2016135
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=JCM 31443
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), isolated from the rhizosphere soil of
<taxonomicName id="76C84D50FF95334FFAB3FD1A669BFD23" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosissima">
<emphasis id="83BCEAC1FF95334FFAB3FD1A669BFD23" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Tamarix ramosissima</emphasis>
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collected from the shore of
<location id="B4176008FF95334FFAE8FD246090FD23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:396187C5FF92334FFF97FA59668AFCE0:B4176008FF95334FFAE8FD246090FD23" box="[1286,1461,687,711]" country="China" municipality="The" name="Aydingkol Lake" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Aydingkol Lake</location>
,
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,
<collectingCountry id="C9DF7643FF95334FFC4FFD4566C1FD02" box="[929,996,718,742]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">China</collectingCountry>
.
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DNA G+C content of the type strain is 50.6 mol%
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.
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</treatment>
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423
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<taxonomicName LSID="396193E6-A589-579A-991D-FB87E990FA88" authority="L. 1753" authorityName="L." authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">Bidens frondosa L. 1753</taxonomicName>
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L., Sp. Pl. 2: 832 (1753).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">Bidens frondosa</taxonomicName>
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The species differs from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens tripartita" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripartita">
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L., which is common in Central Asia (
<bibRefCitation author="Nabiev, M. M." journalOrPublisher="Manual of vascular plants of Central Asia" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7633757" refString="Nabiev, M. M., 1993. . Manual of vascular plants of Central Asia Vol.10" volume="Vol. 10" year="1993">Nabiev 1993</bibRefCitation>
) and Kyrgyzstan (
<bibRefCitation author="Gorbunova, N. V." journalOrPublisher="Flora of the Kirghizian SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7633785" refString="Gorbunova, N. V., 1965. . Flora of the Kirghizian SSR Vol. 11" volume="Vol. 11" year="1965">Gorbunova 1965</bibRefCitation>
), in narrow, long-attenuated and narrowly petiolate leaflets, and in two (vs. 3-4) setae on the achenes. In the beginning of its invasion, it has been commonly confused with the latter species, thus obscuring the data on its actual occurrence.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Native distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">North America.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Europe, Asia (southern Siberia, Central Asia, Eastern Asia), Australia and New Zealand; sporadically also elsewhere.</paragraph>
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In Europe, this species belongs to the most widely distributed alien vascular plants (
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). It also belongs to the most invasive plants in Russia (
<bibRefCitation author="Morozova, O. V." journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7634486" refString="Morozova, O. V., Vinogradova, Y. K., 2018. The most dangerous invasive species of Russia (TOP-100). KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="The most dangerous invasive species of Russia (TOP- 100)" year="2018">Morozova and Vinogradova 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and Belarus (
<bibRefCitation author="Dzhus, M. A." journalOrPublisher="Belarus Science, Minsk" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7634473" refString="Dzhus, M. A., 2020. Black Data Book of Plants of Belarus. Belarus Science, Minsk" title="Black Data Book of Plants of Belarus" year="2020">Dzhus 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="distribution in central asia">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Distribution in Central Asia</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
In Central Asia, the species was first recorded in a single locality on the south-eastern margin of Tashkent City, Uzbekistan, in 1990 (
<bibRefCitation author="Alexeev, Y. E." journalOrPublisher="Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody. Otdel Biologicheskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="115 - 116" refId="B7633798" refString="Alexeev, Y. E., 1991. Additions to the flora of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody. Otdel Biologicheskii 96 (4): 115 - 116" title="Additions to the flora of Central Asia and Kazakhstan" volume="96" year="1991">Alexeev 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The species was found naturalised on irrigated grassland in newly developed city districts. By the beginning of the 2010s, the species was found commonly naturalised and invasive in agricultural areas of Uzbekistan (
<bibRefCitation author="Maltsev, I. I." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="511 - 5141" refId="B7633807" refString="Maltsev, I. I., 2013. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 98 (4): 511 - 5141" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan" volume="98" year="2013">Maltsev 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
In Kazakhstan, the species was first recorded in 2001 near
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jänıbek">Jaenibek</normalizedToken>
in West Kazakhstan Region. This locality is situated immediately next to the Russian border, and the species was known from the southern Volga Region of Russia by that time (
<bibRefCitation author="Sukhorukov, A. P." journalOrPublisher="Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody. Otdel Biologicheskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="53 - 58" refId="B7633825" refString="Sukhorukov, A. P., Berezutsky, M. A., 2000. On the flora of Central Russia. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody. Otdel Biologicheskii 105 (6): 53 - 58" title="On the flora of Central Russia" volume="105" year="2000">Sukhorukov and Berezutsky 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Its current distribution seems to be quite wide, especially in agricultural areas of the north (
<bibRefCitation author="Perkamaitė, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Life Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7453095" refString="Plantarium Plants and lichens of Russia and neighboring countries: open online galleries and plant identification guide https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en.html 2021-07-12T00:00:00+03:00" year="2015">Plantarium 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
The species was first recorded in Kyrgyzstan by
<bibRefCitation author="Lazkov, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="226 - 231" refId="B7633842" refString="Lazkov, G. A., Sennikov, A. N., Tojibaev, K., Sultanova, B., 2011. New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 42: 226 - 231" title="New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan" volume="42" year="2011">Lazkov et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, based on a single observation in Bishkek dated 2008. More data are reported in the present Contribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
In Tajikistan, the species was first recorded from Dushanbe City and its vicinities in 2009, along roadside ditches (
<bibRefCitation author="Nobis, M." journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="195 - 201" refId="B7633851" refString="Nobis, M., Nowak, A., 2011. New data on the vascular flora of the central Pamir Alai Mountains (Tajikistan, Central Asia). Polish Botanical Journal 56 (2): 195 - 201" title="New data on the vascular flora of the central Pamir Alai Mountains (Tajikistan, Central Asia)" volume="56" year="2011">Nobis and Nowak 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It was also found on rice fields near Hissar (
<bibRefCitation author="Nowak, Sylwia" journalOrPublisher="Phytocoenologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="101 - 126" refId="B7565870" refString="Nowak, Sylwia, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Nobis, Marcin, 2013. Weed communities of rice fields in the central Pamir Alai Mountains (Tajikistan, Middle Asia). Phytocoenologia 43: 101 - 126" title="Weed communities of rice fields in the central Pamir Alai Mountains (Tajikistan, Middle Asia)" volume="43" year="2013">Nowak et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">At present the species is naturalised in all these four countries. It is widely naturalised and invasive in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, but sparsely occurring and not yet invasive in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="distribution in kyrgyzstan">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Distribution in Kyrgyzstan</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
Western Tian-Shan, Northern Tian-Shan, Alay-Turkestan (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F7633755" captionText="Figure 4. Currently recorded distribution of Bidens frondosa in Kyrgyzstan." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e80804.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/632495" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Bidens frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded in Bishkek in 2008, for the first time in Kyrgyzstan. Since then, small groups of the species have been observed in the city centre (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F7634851" captionText="Figure 5. Bidens frondosa in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (photo by G. Lazkov, 19 June 2018)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e80804.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/629392" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">5</figureCitation>
). These occurrences are mostly ephemerous, not lasting long, but their regular re-appearance suggests that the invasion is continuous. The species was also observed established in the Botanical Garden, where it has found a suitable agricultural habitat and experiences little pressure from the environment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
During 2011-2020, we also observed small groups of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a few localities in the Fergana Depression, along the border with Uzbekistan. These previously unpublished records suggest that the species may be found elsewhere in the Depression because of its common naturalisation in Uzbekistan (
<bibRefCitation author="Maltsev, I. I." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="511 - 5141" refId="B7633807" refString="Maltsev, I. I., 2013. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 98 (4): 511 - 5141" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan" volume="98" year="2013">Maltsev 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">So far, all the localities are from altitudes between 650 and 1000 m above sea level, and the species shows no tendency to spread to the mountains.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Ecology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Sides of water bodies and flood plains in the native distribution area; river sides, wetlands, fields and ruderal places in the secondary distribution area.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Biology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Annual.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Bidens frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can grow taller than
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. tripartita" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="tripartita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. tripartita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, producing more seeds, and, therefore, can outcompete the latter in agricultural and even native environments (
<bibRefCitation author="Danuso, Francesco" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Modelling" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="33 - 41" refId="B7633816" refString="Danuso, Francesco, Zanin, Giuseppe, Sartorato, Ivan, 2012. A modelling approach for evaluating phenology and adaptation of two congeneric weeds (Bidens frondosa and Bidens tripartita). Ecological Modelling 243: 33 - 41" title="A modelling approach for evaluating phenology and adaptation of two congeneric weeds (Bidens frondosa and Bidens tripartita)" volume="243" year="2012">Danuso et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). This process has been observed in many countries, for example, Uzbekistan (
<bibRefCitation author="Maltsev, I. I." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="511 - 5141" refId="B7633807" refString="Maltsev, I. I., 2013. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 98 (4): 511 - 5141" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan" volume="98" year="2013">Maltsev 2013</bibRefCitation>
) and Russia (
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="taxon discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
The species is highly variable in certain characters.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa subsp. var. var. anomala" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="frondosa" subSpecies="var." variety="anomala">Bidens frondosa var. anomala</taxonomicName>
was distinguished by the achenes antrorsely barbate along the whole margin, whereas achenes of the type variety are antrorsely barbate along the body but retrorsely barbate along the awns (
<bibRefCitation author="Sherff, E. E." journalOrPublisher="Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1 - 346" refId="B7634178" refString="Sherff, E. E., 1937. The genus Bidens L. Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 16 (1): 1 - 346" title="The genus Bidens L." volume="16" year="1937">Sherff 1937</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Vasilieva, A. N." journalOrPublisher="Flora of Kazakhstan" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7619341" refString="Verloove F. Manual of the alien plants of Belgium http://alienplantsbelgium.be/ 2021-12-15T00:00:00+02:00" year="1965">Verloove 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Both varieties were recorded in Uzbekistan (
<bibRefCitation author="Maltsev, I. I." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="511 - 5141" refId="B7633807" refString="Maltsev, I. I., 2013. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 98 (4): 511 - 5141" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan" volume="98" year="2013">Maltsev 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Variants with shorter and longer outer phyllaries were also observed in herbarium collections. These observations indicate a high genetic diversity and multiple events of the species' introduction to Central Asia, contrary to the hypothesis of
<bibRefCitation author="Vinogradova, Y. K." journalOrPublisher="GEOS, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7634170" refString="Vinogradova, Y. K., Majorov, S. R., Khoroon, L. V., 2009. Black Data Book of Central Russia. GEOS, Moscow" title="Black Data Book of Central Russia" year="2009">Vinogradova et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
about a single founder effect in the East European invasion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
Rice has been commercially grown in the USA already in the 19th century (
<bibRefCitation author="Barrett, S. C. H." journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="351 - 376" refId="B7634199" refString="Barrett, S. C.H., Seaman, D. E., 1980. The weed flora of Californian rice fields. Aquatic Botany 9: 351 - 376" title="The weed flora of Californian rice fields" volume="9" year="1980">Barrett and Seaman 1980</bibRefCitation>
). In the early 20th century,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Bidens frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a common weed of rice fields in California (
<bibRefCitation author="Kennedy, P. B." journalOrPublisher="University of California, Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="456 - 494" refId="B7634187" refString="Kennedy, P. B., 1923. Observations on some rice weeds in California. University of California, Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin 356: 456 - 494" title="Observations on some rice weeds in California" volume="356" year="1923">Kennedy 1923</bibRefCitation>
), although later works do not list this genus at all (
<bibRefCitation author="Barrett, S. C. H." journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="351 - 376" refId="B7634199" refString="Barrett, S. C.H., Seaman, D. E., 1980. The weed flora of Californian rice fields. Aquatic Botany 9: 351 - 376" title="The weed flora of Californian rice fields" volume="9" year="1980">Barrett and Seaman 1980</bibRefCitation>
). The preference of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for damp places accounts for its adaptability to rice fields; when introduced to Eastern Asia, the species became a noxious weed of rice fields in Korea (
<bibRefCitation author="Oh, S. M." editor="Marambe, B." journalOrPublisher="Weed Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7634208" refString="Oh, S. M., Moon, B. C., Kim, C. S., 2007. Current status on influx and habitat of exotic weeds in Korea. In: Marambe, B., Sangakkara, U. R., De Costa, W. A.J.M., Abeysekara, A. S.K., Eds., Proceedings of the 21st Asian Pacific Weed Science Society." title="Current status on influx and habitat of exotic weeds in Korea" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the 21 st Asian Pacific Weed Science Society." year="2007">Oh et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
) and north-eastern China (
<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Jinwen" journalOrPublisher="Crop Protection" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7635584" refString="Zhu, Jinwen, Wang, Jian, DiTommaso, Antonio, Zhang, Chaoxian, Zheng, Guiping, Liang, Wen, Islam, Faisal, Yang, Chong, Chen, Xuexin, Zhou, Weijun, 2020. Weed research status, challenges, and opportunities in China. Crop Protection 134" title="Weed research status, challenges, and opportunities in China" volume="134" year="2020">Zhu et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). It is also capable of infesting other crops, like maize, soybean and sugarbeet, in Italy (
<bibRefCitation author="Danuso, Francesco" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Modelling" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="33 - 41" refId="B7633816" refString="Danuso, Francesco, Zanin, Giuseppe, Sartorato, Ivan, 2012. A modelling approach for evaluating phenology and adaptation of two congeneric weeds (Bidens frondosa and Bidens tripartita). Ecological Modelling 243: 33 - 41" title="A modelling approach for evaluating phenology and adaptation of two congeneric weeds (Bidens frondosa and Bidens tripartita)" volume="243" year="2012">Danuso et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
) but may be lacking on fields in other countries like in Germany (
<bibRefCitation author="de Mol, F" journalOrPublisher="Weed Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="574 - 585" refId="B7635599" refString="de Mol, F, von Redwitz, C, Gerowitt, B, 2015. Weed species composition of maize fields in Germany is influenced by site and crop sequence. Weed Research 55 (6): 574 - 585" title="Weed species composition of maize fields in Germany is influenced by site and crop sequence" volume="55" year="2015">de Mol et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
The attachment of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Bidens frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seed to agricultural commodities is indicated by its numerous records at mills and railway stations (
<bibRefCitation author="Suominen, J." journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B7619358" refString="Suominen, J., 1979. The grain immigrant flora of Finland. Acta Botanica Fennica 111: 1 - 108" title="The grain immigrant flora of Finland" volume="111" year="1979">Suominen 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Gudzinskas, Z." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1499 - 1504" refId="B7634235" refString="Gudzinskas, Z., 1989. Adventive plant species new to Lithuania. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 74 (10): 1499 - 1504" title="Adventive plant species new to Lithuania" volume="74" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gudžinskas">Gudzinskas</normalizedToken>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
; references in
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Introduction with North American grain (maize, wheat or oat) was suggested in Finland (
<bibRefCitation author="Suominen, J." journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B7619358" refString="Suominen, J., 1979. The grain immigrant flora of Finland. Acta Botanica Fennica 111: 1 - 108" title="The grain immigrant flora of Finland" volume="111" year="1979">Suominen 1979</bibRefCitation>
). Besides railways, sea ports may act as entrance points for the species (
<bibRefCitation author="Vorobiev, D. P." journalOrPublisher="Komarovskie Chtenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1 - 22" refId="B7634284" refString="Vorobiev, D. P., 1954. Alien and weedy plants of Primorsky Krai. Komarovskie Chtenia 4 (3): 1 - 22" title="Alien and weedy plants of Primorsky Krai" volume="4" year="1954">Vorobiev 1954</bibRefCitation>
and references in
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
In Eastern Europe, the species was commonly recorded in many regions during the 1980s and 1990s (review in
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
). However, the persons who recorded the species often noted its possible presence in the territory already for some considerable period, thus indicating that there was a significant backlog due to the superficial similarity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the common East European native species
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. tripartita" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="tripartita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. tripartita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. First records indicate the appearance of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in towns and at railway stations as early as in 1955-1970 (
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
). As the early species' records show a clear relationship with the transportation of grain and accompanying commodities, we assume that its original appearance in Eastern Europe was connected with the transportation of imported agricultural goods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
This import may have a long and complex history. The first record of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the railway in Brest was dated 1955 and can be linked with the transportation of grains from Poland, which was noticeable since 1953 (
<bibRefCitation author="Mackie, A. B." journalOrPublisher="World trade in selected agricultural commodities, 1951 - 1965" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7635608" refString="Mackie, A. B., 1968. . World trade in selected agricultural commodities, 1951-1965 Vol. 2 (food and feed grains)" volume="Vol. 2 (food and feed grains)" year="1968">Mackie 1968</bibRefCitation>
). Further on, the species was recorded in Kirov Town, far away from possible sources in Europe, along a small river streaming through an industrial area with many railways (
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
). This record may be connected with the import of American grain that followed the drought of 1963 (
<bibRefCitation author="Zelenin, I. E." journalOrPublisher="Russian Studies in History" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="44 - 70" refId="B7635625" refString="Zelenin, I. E., 2014. N.S. Khrushchev's Agrarian Policy and Agriculture in the USSR. Russian Studies in History 50 (3): 44 - 70" title="N. S. Khrushchev's Agrarian Policy and Agriculture in the USSR" volume="50" year="2014">Zelenin 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
Due to the lack of early records in agricultural communities (on fields and field margins), we conclude that contamination of seed material was not a major pathway of the species' introduction into Eastern Europe, and it was contamination of imported forage (animal feed) and, to some extent, food (grain) that was responsible for the mass invasion of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the USSR.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
In 1965, the USSR gave up the notorious corn campaign and started to import feed grain (first of all, maize) from the USA; further on, a vast amount of American feed grain had been imported since 1973 as a response to the decision to increase national food consumption and to maintain extensive livestock (
<bibRefCitation author="Mackie, A. B." journalOrPublisher="World trade in selected agricultural commodities, 1951 - 1965" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7635608" refString="Mackie, A. B., 1968. . World trade in selected agricultural commodities, 1951-1965 Vol. 2 (food and feed grains)" volume="Vol. 2 (food and feed grains)" year="1968">Mackie 1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Novotny, D. J." journalOrPublisher="USDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7636969" refString="Novotny, D. J., Shull, P. A., 1985. US agriculture in a global economy. USDA" title="US agriculture in a global economy" year="1985">Novotny and Shull 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, George" journalOrPublisher="Food Policy" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="90 - 93" refId="B7635616" refString="Allen, George, 1987. USSR grain imports: past and future. Food Policy 12 (2): 90 - 93" title="USSR grain imports: past and future" volume="12" year="1987">Allen 1987</bibRefCitation>
). This event coincides with the rapid rise of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the European part of the USSR (
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
), indicating that feed grain was the most likely source of the species' invasion. The coinciding increase in the abundance of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 1970s-1980s was recorded in Belarus (
<bibRefCitation author="Dzhus, M. A." journalOrPublisher="Belarus Science, Minsk" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7634473" refString="Dzhus, M. A., 2020. Black Data Book of Plants of Belarus. Belarus Science, Minsk" title="Black Data Book of Plants of Belarus" year="2020">Dzhus 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Corn was dominating in the global production and export of feed grain (
<bibRefCitation author="Novotny, D. J." journalOrPublisher="USDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7636969" refString="Novotny, D. J., Shull, P. A., 1985. US agriculture in a global economy. USDA" title="US agriculture in a global economy" year="1985">Novotny and Shull 1985</bibRefCitation>
), and seeds of
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. frondosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">B. frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be found harvested and transported together with that crop (
<bibRefCitation author="James, T. K." journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Plant Protection" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="118 - 123" refId="B7637018" refString="James, T. K., Dowsett, C. A., Trolove, M. R., 2015. Identification and enumeration of weed seeds in chopped maize being transported for silage. New Zealand Plant Protection 68: 118 - 123" title="Identification and enumeration of weed seeds in chopped maize being transported for silage" volume="68" year="2015">James et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
Besides Eastern Europe, the second major area of the species' invasion in Russia is the Far East (
<bibRefCitation author="Morozova, O. V." journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7634486" refString="Morozova, O. V., Vinogradova, Y. K., 2018. The most dangerous invasive species of Russia (TOP-100). KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" title="The most dangerous invasive species of Russia (TOP- 100)" year="2018">Morozova and Vinogradova 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The species arrived in that territory very early, being naturalised already by the beginning of the 1950s (
<bibRefCitation author="Vorobiev, D. P." journalOrPublisher="Komarovskie Chtenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1 - 22" refId="B7634284" refString="Vorobiev, D. P., 1954. Alien and weedy plants of Primorsky Krai. Komarovskie Chtenia 4 (3): 1 - 22" title="Alien and weedy plants of Primorsky Krai" volume="4" year="1954">Vorobiev 1954</bibRefCitation>
). Its invasion has likely started from the port areas, where the species was widespread in the 1990s (
<bibRefCitation author="Barkalov, V. Y." journalOrPublisher="Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7634517" refString="Barkalov, V. Y., 1992. . Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East Vol. 6" volume="Vol. 6" year="1992">Barkalov 1992</bibRefCitation>
). Its active and continuous import with grain is therefore assumed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
The primary further dispersal of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Bidens frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seed in urban habitats may occur with the aid of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1820" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Passeriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Fringillidae</taxonomicName>
birds, domesticated animals or humans.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
The common occurrence of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Bidens frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along water streams suggests its further dispersal with water flows and transport. This type of dispersal was inferred for the first species' expansion in Central Europe (
<bibRefCitation author="Hejny, S." journalOrPublisher="Preslia" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="416 - 421" refId="B7634359" refString="Hejny, S., Lhotska, M., 1964. Zu der Art der Ausbreitung von Bidens frondosa L. in die Teichgebiete der Tschechoslowakei. Preslia 36: 416 - 421" title="Zu der Art der Ausbreitung von Bidens frondosa L. in die Teichgebiete der Tschechoslowakei" volume="36" year="1964">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hejný">Hejny</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lhotská">Lhotska</normalizedToken>
1964
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Lhotska, M." journalOrPublisher="Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="186 - 189" refId="B7634314" refString="Lhotska, M., 1966. Der aelteste Fund der Art Bidens frondosa L. in Europa. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 1 (2): 186 - 189" title="Der aelteste Fund der Art Bidens frondosa L. in Europa" volume="1" year="1966">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lhotská">Lhotska</normalizedToken>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
The fruits of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Bidens frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have two barbate awns, and their lateral margins are also barbate. This accounts for their ability to attach to the animal fur and feather, which, in the case of water birds, allows for successful dispersal of the species along aquatic habitats (
<bibRefCitation author="Carlquist, S." journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="30 - 48" refId="B7634368" refString="Carlquist, S., 1966. The biota of long-distance dispersal. II. Loss of dispersibility in Pacific Compositae. Evolution 20 (1): 30 - 48" title="The biota of long-distance dispersal. II. Loss of dispersibility in Pacific Compositae" volume="20" year="1966">Carlquist 1966</bibRefCitation>
). This pathway was seemingly a major factor in the recent species' expansion in Eastern Europe (
<bibRefCitation author="Gudzinskas, Z." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1499 - 1504" refId="B7634235" refString="Gudzinskas, Z., 1989. Adventive plant species new to Lithuania. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 74 (10): 1499 - 1504" title="Adventive plant species new to Lithuania" volume="74" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gudžinskas">Gudzinskas</normalizedToken>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The first occurrence of this kind was found at the estuary of the Dnestr River (Ukraine) already in 1968 (
<bibRefCitation author="Glazkova, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1525 - 1540" refId="B7634161" refString="Glazkova, G. A., 2005. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 90 (10): 1525 - 1540" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species for the flora of North-West Russia and the history of its dispersal in Eastern Europe" volume="90" year="2005">Glazkova 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
Besides exozoochory, another proven way of the species' dispersal by aquatic birds is endozoochorous; various duck species are known to eat its seed, thus aiding their further dispersal (
<bibRefCitation author="Green, A. J." journalOrPublisher="University of Chicago Press, Chicago" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7634399" refString="Green, A. J., Soons, M., Brochet, A. L., Kleyheeg, E., 2016. Why birds matter: Avian ecological function and ecosystem services. University of Chicago Press, Chicago" title="Why birds matter: Avian ecological function and ecosystem services" year="2016">Green et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Water birds are apparently responsible for bringing the species to new localities, which are often hidden from even minor pathways of dispersal of weeds and ruderal plants (e.g.
<bibRefCitation author="Leostrin, A. V." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="15 - 25" refId="B7634415" refString="Leostrin, A. V., Efimova, A. A., Konechnaya, G. Y., Philippov, D. A., Melnikov, D. G., 2018. Additions to the flora of European Russia. Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2018 (8): 15 - 25" title="Additions to the flora of European Russia" volume="2018" year="2018">Leostrin et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="introduction to kyrgyzstan">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Introduction to Kyrgyzstan</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="period of introduction">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Period of introduction</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Neophyte.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
The first record of the species in Kyrgyzstan, dated 2008 (
<bibRefCitation author="Lazkov, G. A." journalOrPublisher="Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="226 - 231" refId="B7633842" refString="Lazkov, G. A., Sennikov, A. N., Tojibaev, K., Sultanova, B., 2011. New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii 42: 226 - 231" title="New and rare adventive plants from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan" volume="42" year="2011">Lazkov et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), most likely does not reflect its first arrival in the territory. Taking into account its first observation in Uzbekistan, dated 1990 (
<bibRefCitation author="Alexeev, Y. E." journalOrPublisher="Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody. Otdel Biologicheskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="115 - 116" refId="B7633798" refString="Alexeev, Y. E., 1991. Additions to the flora of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody. Otdel Biologicheskii 96 (4): 115 - 116" title="Additions to the flora of Central Asia and Kazakhstan" volume="96" year="1991">Alexeev 1991</bibRefCitation>
), with its extensive naturalisation subsequently revealed in the beginning of the 2010s (
<bibRefCitation author="Maltsev, I. I." journalOrPublisher="Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg)" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="511 - 5141" refId="B7633807" refString="Maltsev, I. I., 2013. Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Saint-Petersburg) 98 (4): 511 - 5141" title="Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae), a new adventive species in Uzbekistan" volume="98" year="2013">Maltsev 2013</bibRefCitation>
), the introduction should have started from the late Soviet period, during the 1980s, if not earlier.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="pathways of introduction">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Pathways of introduction</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Transport - Contaminant: Contaminated bait. Transport - Contaminant: Seed contaminant. Transport - Contaminant: Contaminant on animals.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
The most likely pathway of introduction of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens frondosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frondosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Bidens frondosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Kyrgyzstan was its arrival with contaminated forage, but we also cannot exclude its appearance on corn fields as a seed contaminant. The occurrences along irrigation ditches may be zoochorous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Further dispersal may occur with water, humans, domestic animals and water birds.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="invasion status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Invasion status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Naturalised.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Although most of the occurrences observed so far have been represented by just a few plants, and some were proven to have disappeared, the species is apparently on the way to its naturalisation in the country. It can be considered naturalised at least in the Botanical Garden in Bishkek.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">No large populations or founder localities have been noticed so far.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="evidence of impact">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Evidence of impact</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Agriculture - minor impact (rarely occurring along irrigation ditches, once recorded as a garden weed). Native ecosystems - no impact (restricted to agricultural and urbanised areas). Urban areas - minor impact (rarely occurs in ruderal places).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="trend">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Trend</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Increasing (observed).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

97
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†
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F54D1E693538A855616ED9955ED4F96F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="original source">
<paragraph id="FCA740322E095B86E19F9B6C117CBB7A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Original source.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F351025D353B64EB3DC1E40BABCB3BF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="9D9FF7B164361F513264448415C0F2FD" author="Cossmann, M" editor="Douville, H" journalOrPublisher="Annuaire Geologique Universel" pageId="305" pageNumber="306" pagination="1079 - 1109" publicationUrl="https://archive.org/stream/annuairegologiq09unkngoogpage/n1095/mode/2up" refId="B98" refString="Cossmann, M, 1889. Gasteropodes. In: Douville, H, Ed., Revue de paleontologie pour l'annee 1888. Annuaire Geologique Universel 5: 1079 - 1109, https://archive.org/stream/annuairegologiq09unkngoogpage/n1095/mode/2up" title="Gasteropodes." url="https://archive.org/stream/annuairegologiq09unkngoogpage/n1095/mode/2up" volume="5" volumeTitle="Revue de paleontologie pour l'annee 1888." year="1889">Cossmann 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 1101.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67AAEA24E019344570646274BF5740AD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="type species">
<paragraph id="5F8942EB5A976B160E181F7855CE6525" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="607BC82220B1C04AB9537E172BFDCDF9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
†
<taxonomicName id="2C9A4CFBDD50886E605AF1FADA561CE7" authorityName="Hoernes" authorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis pygmaea" order="Pteropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="3AEE9CC4B9D1B80DBDBE006180478DB0" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melanopsis pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="0240E2F9A2BEE7F6387571C831DF5B54" originalValue="Hörnes">Hoernes</normalizedToken>
, 1856, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5D0D6D097351DBEE4E59B698634E005" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="C421F110533B26F0F9A828E271FA22FE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF0845089E24663B4097B67B73D64C8A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Established as a substitute name for
<taxonomicName id="8B7900F249E0C43CD836A05DE14F48A9" authorityName="Handmann" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Homalia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homalia" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="870A73A098AE03AAF0F93D5109381194" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Homalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Handmann, 1887, which
<bibRefCitation id="012CB0C7DBCC46A8D7BAC4BF875670A9" author="Cossmann, M" journalOrPublisher="Revue critique de paleozoologie" pageId="305" pageNumber="306" pagination="141 - 149" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50630page/157/mode/1up" refId="B99" refString="Cossmann, M, 1899. Paleozoologie generale. Revue critique de paleozoologie 3 (4): 141 - 149, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50630page/157/mode/1up" title="Paleozoologie generale." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50630page/157/mode/1up" volume="3" year="1899">Cossmann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
, despite being aware of the difference, treated as a junior homonym of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="1E986792F0479978D6441EA5D5B6A14B" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Homala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="029CE8B4C569DC200F3279E8FAF89BDD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Homala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schumacher&quot; (actually
<taxonomicName id="878A60EB55F9BA20C31542C714E9BAE3" class="Bivalvia" family="Tellinidae" genus="Omala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omala" order="Cardiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EC13E9EEE5DD7D41331DAC76DFAF2B32" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Omala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schumacher, 1817, unjustified emendation to &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4825E34EE9A675AC3ECE5CE4C7D8F539" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Homala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F636AE0156E689115AB13A398D2C7FF4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Homala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; by
<bibRefCitation id="E4F4B0AE2EA368FC4475621C42DF3CC6" author="Agassiz, L" journalOrPublisher="Soloduri, Jent et Gassmann" pageId="301" pageNumber="302" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16933page/13/mode/1up" refId="B2" refString="Agassiz, L, 1847. Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum. Soloduri, Jent et Gassmann, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16933page/13/mode/1up" title="Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16933page/13/mode/1up" year="1847">Agassiz 1847</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scolopendrioides">
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,
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<paragraph pageNumber="762">&quot;Habitat in Jamaica.&quot; RCN: 7864.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageNumber="762">
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Christensen,
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="762">Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Math. Afd.</emphasis>
, ser. 7, 10: 212. 1913): [icon]
<emphasis italics="true" pageNumber="762">
&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Polypodium</taxonomicName>
incisuris asplenii&quot;
</emphasis>
in Plumier,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Traité">Traite</normalizedToken>
Foug.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amér">Amer</normalizedToken>
.: 70, t. 91. 1705.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageNumber="762">
Current name:
<taxonomicName authority="(L.) Proctor" authorityName="Proctor" authorityYear="1953" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scolopendrioides">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="762">Thelypteris scolopendrioides</emphasis>
(L.) Proctor
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="A0295A2795A5D6015FFE1B825BCB6B92" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="489" year="1759">
<bibCitation id="573050B8F7F71513240AC7A6813A1AD1" author="Linnaeus" pagination="489" title="Astragalus sesamoides" volumeTitle="Amoenitates Academicae 4" year="1759">
<taxonomicName id="CDCEA555A01CFB24FD548FAF3EAA8C43" ID-CoL="J2G3" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sesamoides">
<emphasis id="ABC3CBF082F59B73BB7840815B6FC164" bold="true" pageNumber="335">Astragalus sesamoides</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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,
<volumeTitle id="E966A6098BD3E2D80CEACB2B1D973740">
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4
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,
<emphasis id="BECA33BBCA831417C2EA132067744125" italics="true" pageNumber="335">orth. var.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="24473816FF55D328DF1B1DF9A0759F06" pageNumber="335">[&quot;Habitat in G. Narbonensi, Italia.&quot;] Sp. Pl. 2: 759 (1753).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B99BA902AD1BFCC6D886FAD0C5B3A43B" pageNumber="335">
<typeStatus id="6766A19E0E64F5BD4424F23A8F6EA526">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated here by Podlech): [icon] &quot;
<emphasis id="0CE436A0BE3EE856E25A987A94029019" italics="true" pageNumber="335">
<taxonomicName id="2C4AB0B7201769AD3E1C5526EA04CF87" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">Astragalus annuus</taxonomicName>
foliis &amp; siliquis hirsutis, plurimis in foliorum alis sessilibus
</emphasis>
&quot; in Plukenet, Phytographia: t. 79, f. 3. 1691; Almag. Bot.: 60. 1696. - Voucher:
<materialsCitation id="9CB6556AAEDBCB4C90E2CD6E07793DC8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612070513" collectionCode="BM-SL" specimenCode="137">
Herb. Sloane 99: 137 (
<collectionCode id="6E60A51E9B5D50D8EE52D8AB57CEFD73">BM-SL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="AC41249FB20C69008417C3A4BCB60E0D" pageNumber="335">
Current name:
<taxonomicName id="287BAE82321AB1E9A329C041FE0D1962" ID-CoL="J2G2" ID-ENA="2014722" authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sesameus">
<emphasis id="09C1619D69F0F102B74F4E35C62EB958" italics="true" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="78B1FC368AF5F4D2CBD019E032143859" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="335">Astragalus sesameus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="AF832FEABCF029B6C5A7A94CBFA298DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="3DA97790BA6096638F7F0DA6DA46866F" authorityName="Rudd" authorityYear="1968" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Faboideae">Faboideae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92C38940CBBC6EBDC9F6CEB122DC30FF" pageNumber="335" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C76FBE1A59571E65AAEC1489C916CD63" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="2D57C3E54D97CB28005833BC7629BAA0" italics="true" pageNumber="335">
Note:
<taxonomicName id="D3CD07697C53118AE81C422D93AB2889" authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sesamoides">Astragalus sesamoides L.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A9CCC4C4B91A9771FA14D755EEAE5A03" italics="true" pageNumber="335">Amoen. Acad.</emphasis>
4: 489. 1759) was regarded by Stearn (in Geck &amp; Pressler,
<emphasis id="6C5F3F28DD6C390B750DF3A1DACCE03B" italics="true" pageNumber="335">Festschr. Claus Nissen</emphasis>
: 632. 1974) as an orthographic variant of
<taxonomicName id="5C4BEB7EDDA11548FC47E9FBCFF798AA" authority="L." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sesameus">
<emphasis id="C8C2627FB9A693D74E93BEFDDD331B9D" italics="true" pageNumber="335">A. sesameus</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="CD5217BE1A62C57D8FB7BDFB8BA8FF94" italics="true" pageNumber="335">Sp. Pl.</emphasis>
2: 759. 1753). This seems perfectly plausible, because the phrase name used by Magnol (
<emphasis id="91105FA6F3FE29EB24791F573E29E0D6" italics="true" pageNumber="335">Bot. Monsp.</emphasis>
: 194. 1676), &quot;Ornithopodio affinis hirsuta stella legiminosa&quot;, cited (only slightly altered) from Bauhin (
<emphasis id="17F75FB4EC6741C5BAEA07656C2A830A" italics="true" pageNumber="335">Pinax</emphasis>
: 350. 1623), was treated as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="06942BE82EAFCE8C0A65D864A1B3FCB8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sesameus">
<emphasis id="D8D6CE1FA003AD1D1682F5DA1974B5D3" italics="true" pageNumber="335">A. sesameus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Linnaeus in 1753. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="149B6EBC6DC42CBA762B8FD2F743D52F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1759" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sesamoides">
<emphasis id="642B6C5E5B649E099C502420A690448A" italics="true" pageNumber="335">A. sesamoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
never appears again in later works, whereas
<taxonomicName id="1C4D133F8CC9C3D92B7F87DE51927F9C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sesameus">
<emphasis id="67B5E704B9D83FF61CBF95A232EE6913" italics="true" pageNumber="335">A. sesameus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does (see Turland &amp; Jarvis in
<emphasis id="4E9DC0FED71191D4E81996AEA10BC78D" italics="true" pageNumber="335">Taxon</emphasis>
46: 464. 1997).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/39/61/C7/3961C782A414EABEEADD13A07C54A779.xml Normal file
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3915190" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164811414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3915190" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1FFA88AB-A5D2-48CF-A31A-B56ABEED1166" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3961C782A414EABEEADD13A07C54A779" lastPageNumber="630" pageNumber="630" sourcePageUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727541">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1FFA88AB-A5D2-48CF-A31A-B56ABEED1166" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Malacostraca" family="Cancridae" genus="Cancer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calappa" status="spec. nov." zbkClass="Insecta" zbkKingdom="Animalia" zbkOrder="Aptera">Cancer calappa</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="630">C. brachyurus, thorace strigis subimbricato gibbo trilobo.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="630">
<emphasis italics="true">Rumph. mus. t.</emphasis>
11.
<emphasis italics="true">f.</emphasis>
2, 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="630">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Asia.
</paragraph>
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