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<mods:title id="0EC008421BC05D555CBE383A8E7C6E6B">Axinyssa ambrosia and Axinyssa yumae (Porifera, Halichondrida): two valid sponge species from the Caribbean Sea</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1F0D939FED67320" box="[151,359,1608,1632]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1F0D939FED67320" bold="true" box="[151,359,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa ambrosia</emphasis>
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(de
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0FFD939FDEB7320" author="Laubenfels" box="[408,602,1608,1632]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 125 pp." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D91AFE9C73C2" blockId="0.[151,609,1608,1666]" box="[151,301,1643,1666]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<figureCitation id="29B62A6EFF84C44AE1F0D91AFF5173C2" box="[151,224,1643,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[159,1432,822,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,818,1929]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Axinyssa ambrosia. Photomicrographs of spicules (A) and of cross-section of the skeleton at the surface (C). Underwater close-up of the surface (B)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218927/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="29B62A6EFF84C44AE18AD91AFF4973C2" box="[237,248,1643,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,192,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,192,1638]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Underwater photographs of Axinyssa ambrosia (A, B, C) and Axinyssa yumae (D, E, F) at Santa Marta, Colombia. Each square in the white grid in (B) is 1 cm on a side." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218929/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">3</figureCitation>
A–C
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<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D9C1FD3B7387" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" box="[151,650,1712,1735]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="919D11C5FF84C44AE1F0D9C1FD3B7387" box="[151,650,1712,1735]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1F0D9C1FEDF7387" box="[151,366,1712,1735]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Rhaphisia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1F0D9C1FEDF7387" box="[151,366,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Rhaphisia ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE0F3D9C1FD377387" author="Laubenfels" box="[404,646,1712,1735]" page="135" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0F3D9C1FDE07387" author="Laubenfels" box="[404,593,1712,1735]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 125 pp." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 135
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="919D11C5FF84C44AE1F0D9A1FA8B7267" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1F0D9A1FED373A7" box="[151,354,1744,1767]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1F0D9A1FED373A7" box="[151,354,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa ambrosia</emphasis>
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; van
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE0F8D9A1FD3973A7" author="Soest" box="[415,648,1744,1767]" page="27" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0F8D9A1FDEE73A7" author="Soest" box="[415,607,1744,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE086D9A1FDA073A7" box="[481,529,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
., 1990
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: 27
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 21 (in part,
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF84C44AE227D9A1FC2C73A7" box="[832,925,1744,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and material from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF84C44AE508D9A1FB7C73A7" box="[1135,1229,1744,1767]" name="Curaçao" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE587D9A1FF5E7247" author="Diaz" page="146" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE587D9A1FA2973A7" author="Diaz" box="[1248,1432,1744,1767]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Diaz, M. C., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1991) A systematic revision of the Central-Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part. I: Evaluation of characters and diagnosis of genera. In: Reitner, J. &amp; Keupp, H. (Eds.), Fossil and recent sponges. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 134 - 149. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 75656 - 6 _ 11" type="book chapter" year="1991">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE47DD9A1FAFB73A7" box="[1306,1354,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
., 1991
</bibRefCitation>
: 146
</treatmentCitation>
(in part,
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF84C44AE033D981FE007247" box="[340,433,1776,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and material from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF84C44AE3E4D981FD507247" box="[643,737,1776,1799]" name="Curaçao" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE393D981FC527247" author="Diaz" box="[756,995,1776,1799]" page="289" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE393D981FC1D7247" author="Diaz" box="[756,940,1776,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE249D981FCEF7247" box="[814,862,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 289
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 10 (in part,
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF84C44AE5FCD981FB497247" box="[1179,1272,1776,1799]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and ZMA Por. 6895 from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF84C44AE05AD861FE2A7267" box="[317,411,1808,1831]" name="Curaçao" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE0CAD861FDF07267" author="Zea" box="[429,577,1808,1831]" page="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0CAD861FDAA7267" author="Zea" box="[429,539,1808,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Zea, S. (1993) Cover of sponges and other sessile organisms in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29 (1 - 2), 75 - 88." type="journal article" year="1993">Zea, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 87
</treatmentCitation>
(ecology); Lehnert and van
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE208D861FB947267" author="Soest" box="[879,1061,1808,1831]" page="149" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE208D861FC5E7267" author="Soest" box="[879,1007,1808,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1999) More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 49, 141 - 169." type="journal article" year="1999">Soest, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 149
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE557D861FA877267" author="Rutzler" box="[1072,1334,1808,1831]" page="302" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE557D861FAB17267" author="Rutzler" box="[1072,1280,1808,1831]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Piantoni, C. (2009) Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico origin, waters and biota, Vol. 1, Biodiversity. Texas A &amp; M University Press, College Station, pp. 285 - 313." type="journal article" year="2009">
Rützler
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE5E3D861FB027267" box="[1156,1203,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 302
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D841FE4C7207" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" box="[151,509,1840,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="919D11C5FF84C44AE1F0D841FE4C7207" box="[151,509,1840,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
?
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1C4D841FEB37207" box="[163,258,1840,1863]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1C4D841FEB37207" box="[163,258,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp;
<treatmentCitation id="302C10FAFF84C44AE049D841FE487207" author="Moraes" box="[302,505,1840,1863]" page="159" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE049D841FE727207" author="Moraes" box="[302,451,1840,1863]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Moraes, F. C. de (2011) Esponjas das ilhas oceanicas Brasileiras. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 44, 252 pp." type="book" year="2011">Moraes, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D821FDE372C7" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
[Non:
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1B8D821FD227227" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[223,659,1872,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" genus="Dictyonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1B8D821FE1B7227" box="[223,426,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Dictyonella yumae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE0D3D821FD227227" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[436,659,1872,1895]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In Appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(a valid species of
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE217D821FC7E7227" box="[880,975,1872,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE217D821FC7E7227" box="[880,975,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; synonymy suggested by van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE447D821FEB172C7" author="Soest" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE403D821FA247227" box="[1380,1429,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
: 27 and
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE03FD801FDB772C7" author="Diaz" box="[344,518,1904,1927]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE0F5D801FE7072C7" box="[402,449,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 289)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF84C44AE1F0D8E1FCAC7287" blockId="0.[151,1437,1712,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">
[Non:
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE1BAD8E1FE0872E7" box="[221,441,1936,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Leucophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE1BAD8E1FE0872E7" box="[221,441,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Leucophloeus lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE088D8E1FD4972E7" author="Soest" box="[495,760,1936,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao andother Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Soest and Stentoft, 1988</bibRefCitation>
(=
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF84C44AE27ED8E1FB1F72E7" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[793,1198,1936,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE27ED8E1FC7772E7" box="[793,966,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">Axinyssa yumae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE2A9D8E1FB1F72E7" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[974,1198,1936,1959]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In Appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; synonymy suggested by van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE072D8C1FE7A7287" author="Soest" box="[277,459,1968,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE031D8C1FE357287" box="[342,388,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
: 27 and
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF84C44AE344D8C1FD607287" author="Diaz" box="[547,721,1968,1991]" pageId="0" pageNumber="495" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF84C44AE33BD8C1FD3D7287" box="[604,652,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="495">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 289)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF85C44BE1F0DFE6FB39741C" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF85C44BE1F0DFE6FB39741C" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE1F0DFE6FEC675EF" bold="true" box="[151,375,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF85C44BE018DFE9FE5375EF" box="[383,482,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF85C44BE08DDFE9FD8675EF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[490,567,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">USNM</collectionCode>
22452, SE of Loggerhead Key, Dry
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE2ADDFE9FB9B75EF" box="[970,1066,152,175]" name="Haiti" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
, Florida,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE5F5DFE9FB7B75EF" box="[1170,1226,152,175]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE5B1DFE9FAA175EF" box="[1238,1296,152,175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
, dredged,
<date id="C533102BFF85C44BE4E6DFE9FEB57591" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" value="1932-06-26">26 June 1932</date>
(spicule and skeleton slides).
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF85C44BE32EDFCBFD357591" box="[585,644,186,209]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 6895 (fragment INV–POR 0519), in front of Carmabi,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE46ADFCBFAD87591" box="[1293,1385,186,209]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE413DFCBFF7E75B4" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18– 20 m</quantity>
, coll. excursion
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE018DFACFE6975B4" box="[383,472,221,244]" name="Curaçao" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
1975, id. R.W.M. van Soest. Material from Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE295DFACFB8575B4" box="[1010,1076,221,244]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Marta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE558DFACFB1A75B4" box="[1087,1195,221,244]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, coll. by S. Zea: INV– POR 0522 (11 Febr. 1997),
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF85C44BE0ADDE71FE487457" box="[458,505,256,279]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">ICN</collectionCode>
–MHN(Po) 0173 (
<date id="C533102BFF85C44BE3A6DE71FCEF7457" box="[705,862,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" value="1997-09-20">20 Sept. 1997</date>
), INV–POR 0523 (
<date id="C533102BFF85C44BE554DE71FB6E7457" box="[1075,1247,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" value="1999-03-31">31 March 1999</date>
), Punta de Betín, Bahía de Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE024DE53FE377479" box="[323,390,290,313]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Marta</collectingCountry>
, reef-sand slope edge,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE318DE53FD537479" box="[639,738,290,313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
; INV–POR 0520 (10–12 Febr. 1988), El Morro, Bahía de Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF85C44BE1F0DE34FF6B741C" box="[151,218,325,348]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Marta</collectingCountry>
, reef base,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE036DE34FE3B741C" box="[337,394,325,348]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
; INV–POR 0521 (
<date id="C533102BFF85C44BE337DE34FD6C741C" box="[592,733,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" value="1982-04-02">2 April 1982</date>
), Bahía de Nenguange, reef edge,
<specimenCount id="A78BFD62FF85C44BE52DDE34FB39741C" box="[1098,1160,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" type="generic">
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE52DDE34FB35741C" box="[1098,1156,325,348]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF85C44BE1A0DE16FE2177BC" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" type="description">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF85C44BE1A0DE16FE2177BC" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE1A0DE16FEE3743F" bold="true" box="[199,338,359,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">Description.</emphasis>
Irregular masses,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE37CDE19FDDD743F" box="[539,620,360,383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
thick, up to
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE39DDE19FCD7743F" box="[762,870,360,383]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
wide or more, with lobate to digitiform, sometimes stalked, cylindrical projections, up to
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE34ADEFBFDCD74E1" box="[557,636,394,417]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
in height-width; sometimes as repent to partly projecting branches, ca.
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE4E6DEFBFF097484" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE067DEDCFEE37484" box="[256,338,429,452]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
wide. Surface organic, rugose, with microconulose to microhispid areas; some areas honeycombed; loosely to strongly fouled. Oscules scarce, scattered, up to
<quantity id="76759B0EFF85C44BE26EDEA1FCF774A7" box="[777,838,464,487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Consistency compressible but not resilient, slightly difficult to tear, spiculose; dried specimens are hard. Tissue color bright yellow to orange-yellow, with vinaceous shades on the exterior; specimens fixed directly in ethanol turn black, yielding a dark brown ink; other fixed specimens creamy; dried specimens creamy. Ectosome organic; pinacoderm supported by projecting spicules or spicule tracts. Choanosome non-cavernous; skeleton as a confused arrangement of spicules in between ascending, radiating and anastomosing spicule tracts, 2–10 spicules across, 30–50 µm wide. Spicules slightly curved oxeas, with symmetrical, rather long, hastate, mucronate and stepped ends; axial canal often visible; a few fusiform oxea as developmental stages; a few strongyloxeas and anysostrongyles; length 490–941 µm (specimen means
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE578DDB3FBCD7799" box="[1055,1148,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">653–803</emphasis>
µm); width 4.8–23.8 µm (means
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE18DDD94FEE577BC" box="[234,340,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">10.9–17.0</emphasis>
µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E5F26663FF85C44BE1F0D8D0FD86729B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218927/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" targetBox="[159,1432,822,1928]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF85C44BE1F0D8D0FD86729B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1953,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE1F0D8D0FEA872F9" bold="true" box="[151,281,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF85C44BE078D8D3FE5E72F9" box="[287,495,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF85C44BE078D8D3FE5A72F9" box="[287,491,1954,1977]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="496" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">Axinyssa ambrosia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of spicules (A) and of cross-section of the skeleton at the surface (C). Underwater close-up of the surface (B)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF86C448E1A0DFE6FE837479" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1A0DFE6FE837479" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1A0DFE6FE5575EF" bold="true" box="[199,484,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
Florida (Dry
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E311DFE9FD6675EF" box="[630,727,152,175]" name="Haiti" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Tortugas</collectingCountry>
: de
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E266DFE9FC0775EF" author="Laubenfels" box="[769,950,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 125 pp." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E2A7DFE9FB3875EF" author="Rutzler" box="[960,1161,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Piantoni, C. (2009) Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico origin, waters and biota, Vol. 1, Biodiversity. Texas A &amp; M University Press, College Station, pp. 285 - 313." type="journal article" year="2009">
Rützler
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E572DFE9FBF575EF" box="[1045,1092,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E5FCDFE9FB4075EF" box="[1179,1265,152,175]" name="Jamaica" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
(Lehnert &amp; van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E1F0DFCBFEA37591" author="Soest" box="[151,274,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1999) More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 49, 141 - 169." type="journal article" year="1999">Soest 1999</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E041DFCBFECE7591" box="[294,383,186,209]" name="Curaçao" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
(van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E0D8DFCBFDCA7591" author="Soest" box="[447,635,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E365DFCBFD827591" box="[514,563,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E3E8DFCBFD497591" box="[655,760,186,209]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E229DFCBFC237591" box="[846,914,186,209]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
). At Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E56ADFCBFBFE7591" box="[1037,1103,186,209]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
, occasional in deep reef areas, usually growing on dead sides or on undersides of corals,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E262DFACFCD375B4" box="[773,866,221,244]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="18.0">18–35 m</quantity>
in depth. Material from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E50CDFACFB7575B4" box="[1131,1220,221,244]" name="Curaçao" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
collected in reefs at
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E1F0DE71FF447457" box="[151,245,256,279]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 m</quantity>
in depth.
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF86C448E006DE71FE757457" box="[353,452,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
dredged at
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E324DE71FDCB7457" box="[579,634,256,279]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
in depth, encrusting a rock. Jamaican material found in the deep fore-reef,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E1F0DE53FF7C7479" box="[151,205,290,313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</quantity>
in depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF86C448E1A0DE35FEB4770F" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1A0DE35FEB4770F" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1A0DE35FE84741C" bold="true" box="[199,309,324,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E027DE34FDBF741C" box="[320,526,325,348]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E027DE34FDBF741C" box="[320,526,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E26ADE34FCC4741C" box="[781,885,325,348]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E26ADE34FCC4741C" box="[781,885,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. yumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its irregular shape and smaller oscules in the former, vs. clusters of volcano-shaped lobes to tubes in the latter. Spicules are predominantly oxeas in
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E58CDE19FADF743F" box="[1259,1390,360,383]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E58CDE19FADF743F" box="[1259,1390,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and always anysostrongyloxeas (fusifom styles) in
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E3FDDEFBFD4E74E1" box="[666,767,394,417]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E3FDDEFBFD4E74E1" box="[666,767,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. yumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The Jamaican material described by Lehnert and van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E405DEFBFF6F7484" author="Soest" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1999) More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 49, 141 - 169." type="journal article" year="1999">Soest (1999)</bibRefCitation>
can be ascribed to
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E0D6DEDCFD827484" box="[433,563,429,452]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E0D6DEDCFD827484" box="[433,563,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its slightly larger (720–1160 µm
<date id="C533102BFF86C448E2A5DEDCFBBC7484" box="[962,1037,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" value="1916-10-06">x 6–16</date>
µm) oxea with telescoped ends. The material from
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E050DEA1FE7574A7" box="[311,452,464,487]" name="Bahamas" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
described by
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E303DEA1FC9D74A7" box="[612,812,464,487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. van (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article">
Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E3C6DEA1FD6574A7" box="[673,724,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. (1993)
</bibRefCitation>
was not studied here and may deserve further analysis.
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E1F0DE83FF477749" box="[151,246,498,521]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DE83FF477749" box="[151,246,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa</emphasis>
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sp. described by
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from the Archipelago of São Pedro e São Paulo, off
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, may belong to this species. This species yielded nitrogenous eudesmane-type compounds with strong cytotoxic activity (
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Petrichtcheva
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., 2002
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).
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333
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<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E1F0DDD1FDF877F7" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,585,671,696]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DDD1FDF877F7" bold="true" box="[151,585,671,696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DDD1FEFB77F8" bold="true" box="[151,330,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa yumae</emphasis>
(
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,
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D–F
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<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DC79FEEE765F" box="[151,351,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Dictyonella yumae</emphasis>
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, fig. 38.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="919D11C5FF86C448E1F0DC59FC9B767F" box="[151,810,808,831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E1F0DC59FEC1767F" ID-CoL="6Q4TP" box="[151,368,808,831]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Leucophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DC59FEC1767F" box="[151,368,808,831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Leucophloeus lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van
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: 95
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, fig. 46.
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<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E1F0DC39FE8B761F" box="[151,314,840,863]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DC39FE8B761F" box="[151,314,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa lewisi</emphasis>
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;
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Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E0E6DC39FE01761F" box="[385,432,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
., 1991
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: 146
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(in part,
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<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1F0DC19FA3B76DF" blockId="2.[151,1436,776,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E1F0DC19FED0763F" box="[151,353,872,895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DC19FED0763F" box="[151,353,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa ambrosia</emphasis>
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; van
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Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E087DC19FDA1763F" box="[480,528,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
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: 27 (in part,
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of
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E208DC19FBF8763F" box="[879,1097,872,895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Leucophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E208DC19FBF8763F" box="[879,1097,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Leucophloeus lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and of
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<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E5FADC19FAD6763F" box="[1181,1383,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Dictyonella yumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and specimen from
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);
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Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E35CDCF9FDD876DF" box="[571,617,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 289 (in part,
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of
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E2A2DCF9FB2C76DF" box="[965,1181,904,927]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Leucophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E2A2DCF9FB2C76DF" box="[965,1181,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Leucophloeus lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ZMA Por. 3569).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1F0DCD9FDE3769F" blockId="2.[151,1436,776,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
[Non:
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<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1BBDCD9FE1476FF" box="[220,421,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E0ADDCD9FD3676FF" author="Laubenfels" box="[458,647,936,959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institute of Washington (Tortugas Laboratory Paper N ° 467), 30, 1 - 125 pp." type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 135 (a valid species of
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E2E0DCD9FC5776FF" box="[903,998,936,959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E2E0DCD9FC5776FF" box="[903,998,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Axinyssa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; synonymy suggested by van
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Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E400DCD9FA2476FF" box="[1383,1429,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
: 27 and
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Diaz
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E0F5DCB9FE70769F" box="[402,449,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 289)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF86C448E1F0DB7BFAE57079" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1F0DB7BFAE57079" blockId="2.[151,1437,1034,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1F0DB7BFEC77162" bold="true" box="[151,374,1034,1058]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF86C448E01ADB7BFE517161" box="[381,480,1034,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF86C448E08FDB7BFD847161" box="[488,565,1034,1057]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">MSNG</collectionCode>
47694 (tissue slide of specimen R.N.BY.17, deposited in
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), Boca de Yuma,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E1F0DB5CFEC67104" box="[151,375,1069,1092]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E0E5DB5CFE537104" box="[386,482,1069,1092]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 m</quantity>
, coll. G. Pulitzer-Finali,
<date id="C533102BFF86C448E380DB5CFCCE7104" box="[743,895,1069,1092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" value="1964-04-24">24 April 1964</date>
.
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF86C448E2EDDB5CFC747104" box="[906,965,1069,1092]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 5401 (
<typeStatus id="6E368849FF86C448E527DB5CFB2E7104" box="[1088,1183,1069,1092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E5A4DB5CFA2D7104" box="[1219,1436,1069,1092]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Leucophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E5A4DB5CFA2D7104" box="[1219,1436,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Leucophloeus lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E1AADB21FE6A7127" author="Soest" box="[205,475,1104,1127]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao andother Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988</bibRefCitation>
; fragment INV–POR 0514),
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E254DB21FC2F7127" box="[819,926,1104,1127]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="mi" value="0.5">0.5 miles</quantity>
of Holetown,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E536DB21FB087127" box="[1105,1209,1104,1127]" name="Barbados" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Barbados</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E5ABDB21FAAB7127" box="[1228,1306,1104,1127]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
, coll. P.W. Hummelinck, 19 Febr. 1964. Material id. by R.W.M. van Soest as
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E216DB03FC4571C9" box="[881,1012,1138,1161]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E216DB03FC4571C9" box="[881,1012,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF86C448E562DB03FBF171C9" box="[1029,1088,1138,1161]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 3569 (fragment INV–POR 0515),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E184DBE9FED471EF" box="[227,357,1176,1199]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D4B9502CFF86C448E016DBE9FE7D71EF" box="[369,460,1174,1199]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" precision="925" value="18.25">18o15’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D4B9502CFF86C448E0BFDBE9FDFB71EF" box="[472,586,1174,1199]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" precision="92" value="-65.25833">65o15.5’W</geoCoordinate>
, 40–50 fathoms, muddy sand, coll. J.M. Stock, 21 Febr. 1963;
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF86C448E595DBE9FA9C71EF" box="[1266,1325,1176,1199]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 8549 (fragment INV–POR 0516),
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF86C448E0B1DBCBFDA07191" box="[470,529,1210,1233]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 8444 (fragment INV–POR 0517), St. Croix,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E520DBCBFBC77191" box="[1095,1142,1210,1233]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">U.S.</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E5E6DBCBFAAF7191" box="[1153,1310,1210,1233]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
, coll. W.B. Gladfelter. Material from Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E093DBACFD8771B4" box="[500,566,1245,1268]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E324DBACFD1E71B4" box="[579,687,1245,1268]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, coll. by S. Zea: INV–POR 0518 (
<date id="C533102BFF86C448E54BDBACFB0871B4" box="[1068,1209,1245,1268]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" value="1983-09-07">7 Sept. 1983</date>
), INV–POR 0524 (
<date id="C533102BFF86C448E4E9DBACFEBD7057" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" value="1999-09-02">2 Sept. 1999</date>
) Punta de Betín, Bahía de Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E3E7DA71FD737057" box="[640,706,1280,1303]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
, reef base,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E225DA71FCCF7057" box="[834,894,1280,1303]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
;
<collectionCode id="D79CAE2EFF86C448E2EBDA71FC0A7057" box="[908,955,1280,1303]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">ICN</collectionCode>
–MHN(Po) 0172 (
<date id="C533102BFF86C448E5E4DA71FA917057" box="[1155,1312,1280,1303]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" value="1987-09-28">28 Sept. 1987</date>
), Ensenada Granate, reef terrace,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E018DA53FE517079" box="[383,480,1314,1337]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 m</quantity>
; INV–POR 1256 (
<date id="C533102BFF86C448E3C1DA53FC9A7079" box="[678,811,1314,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" value="2010-05-06">6 May 2010</date>
), El Morro, Bahía de Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E533DA53FB267079" box="[1108,1175,1314,1337]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
, reef slope,
<specimenCount id="A78BFD62FF86C448E470DA53FAE57079" box="[1303,1364,1314,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="generic">
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E470DA53FAE17079" box="[1303,1360,1314,1337]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF86C448E1A2DA35FCF37331" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="description">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1A2DA35FCF37331" blockId="2.[151,1437,1034,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1A2DA35FEE1701C" bold="true" box="[197,336,1348,1372]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Description.</emphasis>
Groups of volcano-shaped mounds to tubes or cylindrical branches,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E557DA34FB3C701C" box="[1072,1165,1349,1372]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="2.0">2–15 cm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E5B6DA34FA90701C" box="[1233,1313,1349,1372]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
wide, arise from a basal mass, up to
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E0FADA19FDB6703F" box="[413,519,1384,1407]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
wide. Surface rugose, sometimes honeycombed, loosely to heavily fouled. Oscules on top of mounds, up to
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E0E2DAFBFE0D70E1" box="[389,444,1418,1441]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diameter, with a slightly elevated collar. Consistency toughly compressible, spiculose, difficult to tear. Color orange-yellow, with brownish, reddish and vinaceous tinges; interior cream; fixed specimens cream. Ectosome organic; pinacoderm supported and pierced by choanosomal spicule tracts. Choanosome noncavernous; skeleton dense, made of closely packed ascending tracts, 2–10 spicules across, up to 180 µm wide, more confused below the surface. Spicules slightly curved anysostrongyloxeas (fusiform styles), with the rounded end narrower than the middle, and the pointed end stair-stepped to mucronated; length 606–1316 µm (specimen means
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E401D949FF787331" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">727– 1121</emphasis>
µm); width 5.2–37.4 µm (specimen means
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E3FAD92BFCB97331" box="[669,776,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">12.2–18.8</emphasis>
µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF86C448E1A2D90DFCC973BC" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1A2D90DFCC973BC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1034,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1A2D90DFE5073D4" bold="true" box="[197,481,1660,1684]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E080D90CFD7273D4" box="[487,707,1661,1684]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E3B6D90CFC1B73D4" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[721,938,1661,1684]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In Appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali 1986</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E2DAD90CFB8A73D4" box="[957,1083,1661,1684]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
(van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E510D90CFA9A73D4" author="Soest" box="[1143,1323,1661,1684]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Diaz, M. C. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the Halichondrids (Porifaera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
Soest
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E5D0D90CFB5473D4" box="[1207,1253,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
), St. Croix (
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E1C7D9D1FF7E73F7" box="[160,207,1696,1719]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">U.S.</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E1B1D9D1FEC173F7" box="[214,368,1696,1719]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E0E6D9D1FE5773F7" box="[385,486,1696,1719]" name="Barbados" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Barbados</collectingCountry>
(van
<bibRefCitation id="D51C4B1AFF86C448E344D9D1FCA373F7" author="Soest" box="[547,786,1696,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep-water sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao andother Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Soest &amp; Stentoft 1988</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E243D9D1FC3C73F7" box="[804,909,1696,1719]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E2B8D9D1FB9273F7" box="[991,1059,1696,1719]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
). At Santa
<collectingCountry id="C99A767BFF86C448E5FFD9D1FB6973F7" box="[1176,1240,1696,1719]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Marta</collectingCountry>
it is less abundant than
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E1ABD9B3FEFF7399" box="[204,334,1730,1753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1ABD9B3FEFF7399" box="[204,334,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, growing on dead sides or on top of dead corals, and on sand and rubble,
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E504D9B3FB707399" box="[1123,1217,1730,1753]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 m</quantity>
in depth. Elsewhere it has been recorded from
<quantity id="76759B0EFF86C448E0C9D994FD8173BC" box="[430,560,1765,1788]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="57.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="15.0">15 to 100 m</quantity>
, in one case in muddy bottom.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F9976560FF86C448E1A0D876FC3E727F" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1A0D876FA2D725F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1034,1855]" box="[199,1436,1799,1823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E1A0D876FE84725F" bold="true" box="[199,309,1799,1823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Remarks.</emphasis>
For differences with
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E346D879FD15725F" box="[545,676,1800,1823]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Axinyssa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ambrosia">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E346D879FD15725F" box="[545,676,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. ambrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see above.
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E24BD879FBB6725F" box="[812,1031,1800,1823]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Leucophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lewisi">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E24BD879FBB6725F" box="[812,1031,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">Leucophloeus lewisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described by van Soest and Stentoft
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B13236EBFF86C448E1A0D859FC3E727F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1034,1855]" box="[199,911,1832,1855]" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">
(1988) is here placed under
<taxonomicName id="768D4D68FF86C448E096D859FDE5727F" box="[497,596,1832,1855]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" genus="Dictyonella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="497" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="yumae">
<emphasis id="83F9EAF9FF86C448E096D859FDE5727F" box="[497,596,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="497">A. yumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its anysostrongyloxeas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

170
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<subSubSection id="5D4DBEA082D3CD5DB3036476DEC86E1A" pageNumber="1073" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="975273C21073755AC64C8D9EF1452837" pageNumber="1073">
<taxonomicName id="CDFAA8113593B6C57BF8C3488D7A6103" ID-CoL="76TNM" authority="Coues 1874" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1874" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1073" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanophrys">
<emphasis id="147301FE25C90F88B753C90C5E6C1B17" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">Peromyscus melanophrys</emphasis>
Coues 1874
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F760296E7ACBD1D06EAFE549E740270" pageNumber="1073" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="389D0956C82A297BE3BBA4D7D9C8ED55" pageNumber="1073">
<treatmentCitation id="4B162FC1798672AD61E11890232E0FD8" author="Coues" authority="Coues 1874" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1874" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" journal="Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="181" pageNumber="1073" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanophrys" title="Peromyscus melanophrys" volume="26" year="1874">
<taxonomicName id="90078452D9E7D956ABC7A709A7201F1C" ID-CoL="76TNM" authority="Coues 1874" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1874" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1073" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanophrys">
<emphasis id="3FC4389BB9FD2B67E381EA078281BFC5" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">Peromyscus melanophrys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="276B0C40C98BDF3312489F6A12AF51FF" author="Coues, E." refId="ref69724" refString="Coues, E. 1874. Synopsis of the Muridae of North America. Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 26: 173 - 196." year="1874">Coues 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="C7DB540138007BEC17F2D584A2E88943" author="Coues" journal="Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia" pageNumber="1073" pagination="181" title="Peromyscus melanophrys" volume="26" year="1874">
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
<collectingRegion id="48793609C752CF38E57B8E63A1B44535" country="Jordan" name="'Amman">Philadelphia</collectingRegion>
, 26: 181
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8416D2015A4B283D4EA5EF5618E7ED39" pageNumber="1073" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9B32E42EF1CC31736AAA36865BAC7A2C" pageNumber="1073">
<emphasis id="AE67E67C3174A3A67A644F33B4A7F963" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1073">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="4418AA1FD4AB06F133D0AF62E384DD62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286981" country="Mexico" pageNumber="1073" stateProvince="Oaxaca">
<collectingCountry id="137BB7EBC481AA9979A0A64DDFBAF7E8" name="Mexico">México</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="326C01C11AA139B565F5E4A02BCAA311" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, Santa Efigenia.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A7A138EFF2F26ABB198DF1EBCC99B0A" pageNumber="1073" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="2ECB41CEA2420A00E484FAA62AFD0233" pageNumber="1073">
<emphasis id="45EA506F0D446674315FF4C638AEABD6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1073">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4B69C8E93222A9F3FF5F0E938FD37D31" language="eng" pageNumber="1073">Plateau Deermouse</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C540342103BF77E8FA2992229471067" pageNumber="1073" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="EB65091FAA9316A8525A5CF6BD618C92" pageNumber="1073">
<emphasis id="4C4C09BCE884635312A4F23FE4F41843" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1073">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A0C233BFD142B1855BD478631BA99232" authority="Baker 1952" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1073" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coahuilensis">
<emphasis id="9E107A3F24EE6DE3428BF8B96707F295" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">Peromyscus coahuilensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1D90A1650E050353127BE586E0E64F6E" author="Baker, R. H." refId="ref18044" refString="Baker, R. H. 1952. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with description of a new subspecies. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 5: 251 - 258." year="1952">Baker 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="3AE8B044C5C00A569247AA4811B7499B" authority="Osgood 1904" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1073" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="consobrinus">
<emphasis id="85082269679397673DFACDFAC3EA14C3" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">Peromyscus consobrinus</emphasis>
Osgood 1904
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="6314853190E68BA90D9168914D919DA9" authority="Baker 1952" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1073" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropus">
<emphasis id="850208190E1E27E49AA6481932E8AFD7" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">Peromyscus micropus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="776D66DB78B40A7FCB194ABE41190F59" author="Baker, R. H." refId="ref18044" refString="Baker, R. H. 1952. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with description of a new subspecies. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 5: 251 - 258." year="1952">Baker 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A7E97AEDF414B51A61ACB16634FAF6A7" authority="Osgood 1904" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1073" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenurus">
<emphasis id="443271E4BE795131DAF0887B5E9B91BB" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">Peromyscus xenurus</emphasis>
Osgood 1904
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4CDD1E1127D28B251C4937C54A950411" authority="Osgood 1904" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1073" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zamorae">
<emphasis id="F2FC3C01B8DC34A6C189B224ECFF0F4B" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">Peromyscus zamorae</emphasis>
Osgood 1904
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="306C03D72C8E7C2F076C107A532A9E81" pageNumber="1073" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="727F7EAA1048D9480C0F14B67029D439" pageNumber="1073">
<emphasis id="1560BA6FF516A0B20A436EE1C42DDF0E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1073">Distribution:</emphasis>
S
<collectingRegion id="F71FFCBC6A3D6F8314F83AE50EF5671F" country="Mexico" name="Durango">Durango</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="37DB6EC8776082E73A6BCD0FB0846F9A" country="Mexico" name="Coahuila de Zaragoza">Coahuila</collectingRegion>
, south through interior
<collectingCountry id="AF3F2C85A4BCCB2555632B8C78A9B2EB" name="Mexico">México</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingRegion id="1D1CF808E9A94DF865BC336279AEE513" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72DFCAEE2A575FA15DBC6130309DB5C5" pageNumber="1073" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="1D97FE494D5472E7DE5202AD8FA73D62" pageNumber="1073">
<emphasis id="025E82F627800014630BBD568252E54C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1073">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="E00BF2A496C7399ACBE4A562660D281B">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA18A4EAA0A76723361E9DE4EE9C41FC" pageNumber="1073" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="462C12C614B8A0DA776CCAD4954F1FA7" pageNumber="1073">
<emphasis id="6A410F4AEF13C2EEE70BDF769DA55FE8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1073">Discussion:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7F54FC8FC9D4AB0807F0F4DFB2BFD438" authorityName="Coues" authorityYear="1874" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanophrys">
<emphasis id="56070E660772108555F5F70FF2F3B660" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">P. melanophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Revised by
<bibRefCitation id="B4869898671F0A6256E2230635612871" author="Baker, R. H." refId="ref18044" refString="Baker, R. H. 1952. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with description of a new subspecies. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 5: 251 - 258." year="1952">Baker (1952)</bibRefCitation>
to include
<taxonomicName id="F7321420B36FCAD0B1094B64E9FBCC29" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenurus">
<emphasis id="FA24009ADED392B706EDEB4ED6DF01BD" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">xenurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which
<bibRefCitation id="5DD3C52C4DD464365A24CB8DE69C80AB" author="Osgood, W. H." refId="ref268678" refString="Osgood, W. H. 1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. North American Fauna, 28: 1 - 285." year="1909">Osgood (1909)</bibRefCitation>
had retained as a species. Relationships evaluated by
<bibRefCitation id="B73A8D77E3CAD181C442C2373D56D429" author="Schmidly, D. J. &amp; M. R. Lee &amp; W. S. Modi &amp; E. G. Zimmerman" refId="ref320651" refString="Schmidly, D. J., M. R. Lee, W. S. Modi, and E. G. Zimmerman. 1985. Systematics and notes on the biology of Peromyscus hooperi. Occasional Papers, The Museum, Texas Tech University, 97: 1 - 40." year="1985">Schmidly et al. (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="D8398F42C9F633049AE031415AB510E6" author="Stangl, F. B., Jr. &amp; R. J. Baker" refId="ref338562" refString="Stangl, F. B., Jr., and R. J. Baker. 1984 b. Evolutionary relationships in Peromyscus: Congruence in chromosomal, genic, and classical data sets. Journal of Mammalogy, 65: 643 - 654." year="1984">
Stangl and Baker (1984
<emphasis id="73967A8B850C321E9E1DA8B118DF8FBB" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">b</emphasis>
)
</bibRefCitation>
. The level of differentiation of
<taxonomicName id="2126131D7748CD58DB0EED97ECF9FC19" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropus">
<emphasis id="1122FA01A1D8AF98DA23828FFA0D13F1" italics="true" pageNumber="1073">micropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="F125C4A5FF951F369F618A7864A09B77" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="DC64C42096CAF7E686446741759B65F4" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
deserves reconsideration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hsueh, Pan-Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:affiliation>National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Meissner, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Murray, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nikolic, Mark</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Paxton, Hannelore</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-5219</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia &amp; Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Ramos, Dino</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-5383</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Schulze, Anja</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Texas A &amp; M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sobczyk, Robert</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology of Invertebrates and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Watson, Charlotte</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, London, UK &amp; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Robin S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-2131</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhadan, Anna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhang, Jinghuai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Centre, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-02-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1020</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>198</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1020.57921</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1020.57921</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1020-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CC23B8CE8C8E473CBD8C44E74252A33D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F6561609F0F15EE8907C94528CA44E4F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="179910728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3924BD0550B56F498078621B0914A56E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3924BD0550B56F498078621B0914A56E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="sp. nov. 2" authorityName="sp. nov. 2" class="Polychaeta" family="Bonelliidae" genus="Alomasoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alomasoma" order="Echiuroidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echiura" rank="genus">Alomasoma sp. nov. 2</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Echiura Alomasoma sp. nov. 1 (AM W. 49662) A whole animal B nephridia C anal vesicles. Alomasoma sp. nov. 2 (AM W. 49662) D whole animal E nephridia F anal vesicles. Maxmuelleria sp. nov. (AM W. 49668) G whole animal H close-up of anterior part I right nephridium J anal vesicles. Abbreviations: AV, anal vesicles; Ne, nephridium. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, D, G); 2 mm (B, C, E, F, H, I); 1 mm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1020.57921.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/513301" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 33D-F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Specimen 47 mm in length, body pear-shaped, with trace of proboscis, body wall thin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Echiura Alomasoma sp. nov. 1 (AM W. 49662) A whole animal B nephridia C anal vesicles. Alomasoma sp. nov. 2 (AM W. 49662) D whole animal E nephridia F anal vesicles. Maxmuelleria sp. nov. (AM W. 49668) G whole animal H close-up of anterior part I right nephridium J anal vesicles. Abbreviations: AV, anal vesicles; Ne, nephridium. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, D, G); 2 mm (B, C, E, F, H, I); 1 mm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1020.57921.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/513301" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33D</figureCitation>
); ventral chaetae absent; two nephridia with separate pores, nephrostome basally with a long stalk, not bifid (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Echiura Alomasoma sp. nov. 1 (AM W. 49662) A whole animal B nephridia C anal vesicles. Alomasoma sp. nov. 2 (AM W. 49662) D whole animal E nephridia F anal vesicles. Maxmuelleria sp. nov. (AM W. 49668) G whole animal H close-up of anterior part I right nephridium J anal vesicles. Abbreviations: AV, anal vesicles; Ne, nephridium. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, D, G); 2 mm (B, C, E, F, H, I); 1 mm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1020.57921.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/513301" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33E</figureCitation>
); anal vesicles broom-like (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Echiura Alomasoma sp. nov. 1 (AM W. 49662) A whole animal B nephridia C anal vesicles. Alomasoma sp. nov. 2 (AM W. 49662) D whole animal E nephridia F anal vesicles. Maxmuelleria sp. nov. (AM W. 49668) G whole animal H close-up of anterior part I right nephridium J anal vesicles. Abbreviations: AV, anal vesicles; Ne, nephridium. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, D, G); 2 mm (B, C, E, F, H, I); 1 mm (J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1020.57921.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/513301" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1 specimen. Suppl. material 1: op. 99 (AM).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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