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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.35111" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc3b9bca-9770-4d40-bc65-b82ea79b6f23" ID-PMC="PMC6663933" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-865-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B6DCE03B40D5596B805E5C13ABD63614" ID-PubMed="31379444" ID-ZooBank="F92B52510EC44737BBF5E3BDAC642637" ModsDocID="1313-2970-865-67" checkinTime="1563870677563" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lu, Xiao-Qiang, Wan, Ji-Ping &amp; Du, Xi-Cui" docDate="2019" docId="9ED03FBFEB564A79BD34246EE9B9BECC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 865: 67-85" docOrigin="ZooKeys 865" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.35111" docTitle="Herpetogramma magna Butler 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="E35AFFE7FFC285658977FFA7FFCD7C60" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Herpetogramma Lederer (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) from China" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1668167611791" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Three new species of Herpetogramma Lederer (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) from China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lu, Xiao-Qiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wan, Ji-Ping</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Du, Xi-Cui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>865</mods:number>
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
<mods:end>85</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.35111</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.35111</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158849746" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9ED03FBFEB564A79BD34246EE9B9BECC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9ED03FBFEB564A79BD34246EE9B9BECC" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName LSID="9ed03fbf-eb56-4a79-bd34-246ee9b9becc" authority="Butler, 1879" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Herpetogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Herpetogramma magna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">Herpetogramma magna (Butler, 1879)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 12. Habitus of Herpetogramma species 3, 4 H. biconvexa sp. nov. 3 male, holotype 4 female, paratype 5, 6 H. rudis 5 male 6 female 7, 8 H. longispina sp. nov. 7 male, holotype 8 female, paratype 9, 10 H. brachyacantha sp. nov. 9 male, holotype 10 female, paratype 11, 12 H. magna 11 male 12 female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures3-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319052" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 12. Habitus of Herpetogramma species 3, 4 H. biconvexa sp. nov. 3 male, holotype 4 female, paratype 5, 6 H. rudis 5 male 6 female 7, 8 H. longispina sp. nov. 7 male, holotype 8 female, paratype 9, 10 H. brachyacantha sp. nov. 9 male, holotype 10 female, paratype 11, 12 H. magna 11 male 12 female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures3-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319052" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–35" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 35. Genitalia of Herpetogramma species. 21 - 25 H. longispina sp. nov.: 21 - 23 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17418 24, 25 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17370 26 - 30 H. brachyacantha sp. nov.: 26 - 28 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17421 29, 30 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17379 31 - 35 H. magna: 31 - 33 male, genitalia slide no. WJP 17423 34, 35 female, genitalia slide no. WJP 17416 22, 27, 32 lamellate protuberance on base of valva 23, 28, 33 cornuti in male genitalia 25, 30, 35 signum of female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures21-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319054" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">31-35</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Samea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Samea magna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">Samea magna</taxonomicName>
Butler, 1879: 74. fig. 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Sylepta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sylepta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sylepta</taxonomicName>
[sic]
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyraloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyraloidea magna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">magna</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30952985" refId="B9" refString="Hampson, GF, 1898. . https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30952985" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30952985" year="1898">Hampson 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 723.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Syllepte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Syllepte magna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">Syllepte magna</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="77" refId="B13">Inoue 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 175.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Herpetogramma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Herpetogramma magna" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">Herpetogramma magna</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="77" refId="B40">Yamanaka 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 322.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">China</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Chongqing</emphasis>
: 1 ♂, Chengkou County, Mingzhong Town, 1500 m, 19.VII.2017, leg. Ji-Ping Wan; 2 ♂♂, Chengkou County, Dongan Town, Renhe Village, 1100 m, 28.VI.2013, leg. Gui-Qing He &amp; Li-Jun Xu; 2 ♂♂, Chengkou County, Dongan Town, Xingtian Village, 1300 m, 1.VII.2013, leg. Gui-Qing He &amp; Li-Jun Xu;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Sichuan</emphasis>
: 47 ♂, 7 ♀♀, Nanjiang, Guangwu Mountain, 900 m, 8-9.VII.2013, leg. Gui-Qing He &amp; Li-Jun Xu; 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ya’an">Ya'an</normalizedToken>
, Baoxing, Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve, 2180
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="78" start="start">m</pageBreakToken>
, 1-3.VIII.2016, leg. Ji-Ping Wan; 4 ♂♂, Anzihe Nature Reserve, 1312 m, 11-15. VII.2016, leg. Ji-Ping Wan; 2 ♂♂, 1♀, Anzihe Nature Reserve, 1312 m, 4-5.VIII.2015, leg. Xi-Cui Du; 1 ♀, Mabian,Yonghong, 1500 m, 23.VII.2004, leg. Ying-Dang Ren (NKU); 1 ♀, Shimian, Tuanjie Village, 1650 m, 24.VIII.2016, leg. Jian-Yue Qiu &amp; Hao Xu;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Yunnan</emphasis>
: 2 ♂♂, Lijiang, Ninglang, Xichuan Town, 2400 m，31.VII.2013, leg. Gui-Qing He; 1 ♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping Town, 2020 m, 5.VIII.2007, leg. Dan-Dan Zhang;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Liaoning</emphasis>
: 2 ♂♂, 1♀, Huanren, Laotuding, 29.VII.2012, leg. Dan-Dan Zhang &amp; Li-Jun Yang;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Jilin</emphasis>
: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Yanbian, Antu, Wanbao Town, 24.VII.2012, leg. Dan-Dan Zhang; 1 ♂, Linjiang, Huashan Town, Laosandui, 25.VII.2012, leg. Li-Jun Yang;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Hubei</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Wufeng, Maopin Village, 1175 m, 11.IX.2012, leg. Jin-Wei Li; 2 ♂♂, Xianfeng, Pingbaying, 1280 m, 21.VII.1999, leg. Hou-Hun Li (NKU); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Enshi, Xingdou Mountain, Sanxian, 1200 m, 2.VIII.2012, leg. Jun Zhang;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Shaanxi</emphasis>
: 1 ♀, Yingtou Town, Haopingsi, 1251 m, 17.VII.2012, leg. Jin-Wei Li; 1 ♀, Taibai, Huangbaiyuan Town, 19.VIII.2014, leg. Kai-Li Liu &amp; Jiu-Yang Luo. Genitalia slide no.: DXC06205, DXC06548, WJP17414, WJP17416.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
Adult (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 12. Habitus of Herpetogramma species 3, 4 H. biconvexa sp. nov. 3 male, holotype 4 female, paratype 5, 6 H. rudis 5 male 6 female 7, 8 H. longispina sp. nov. 7 male, holotype 8 female, paratype 9, 10 H. brachyacantha sp. nov. 9 male, holotype 10 female, paratype 11, 12 H. magna 11 male 12 female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures3-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319052" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–12" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 12. Habitus of Herpetogramma species 3, 4 H. biconvexa sp. nov. 3 male, holotype 4 female, paratype 5, 6 H. rudis 5 male 6 female 7, 8 H. longispina sp. nov. 7 male, holotype 8 female, paratype 9, 10 H. brachyacantha sp. nov. 9 male, holotype 10 female, paratype 11, 12 H. magna 11 male 12 female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures3-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319052" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">12</figureCitation>
): Wings brown or dark brown tinged with faint yellow, lines and spots dark brown. Forewing with faint yellow between orbicular spot and discoidal spot, postmedial line excurved and pointedly serrated from M1 to CuA2, adjoined by a serrated light-yellow line outside. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–35" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 35. Genitalia of Herpetogramma species. 21 - 25 H. longispina sp. nov.: 21 - 23 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17418 24, 25 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17370 26 - 30 H. brachyacantha sp. nov.: 26 - 28 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17421 29, 30 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17379 31 - 35 H. magna: 31 - 33 male, genitalia slide no. WJP 17423 34, 35 female, genitalia slide no. WJP 17416 22, 27, 32 lamellate protuberance on base of valva 23, 28, 33 cornuti in male genitalia 25, 30, 35 signum of female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures21-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319054" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Figs 31-33</figureCitation>
): Uncus narrowed, distal 1/3 bearing dorsal setae, apex pointed. Valva subfusiform, densely ciliated and bearing a lamellate basal projection (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–35" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 35. Genitalia of Herpetogramma species. 21 - 25 H. longispina sp. nov.: 21 - 23 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17418 24, 25 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17370 26 - 30 H. brachyacantha sp. nov.: 26 - 28 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17421 29, 30 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17379 31 - 35 H. magna: 31 - 33 male, genitalia slide no. WJP 17423 34, 35 female, genitalia slide no. WJP 17416 22, 27, 32 lamellate protuberance on base of valva 23, 28, 33 cornuti in male genitalia 25, 30, 35 signum of female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures21-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319054" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Phallus with a cluster of long spinose cornuti gathered to subfusiform, ca. 1/4 the length of the phallus (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–35" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 35. Genitalia of Herpetogramma species. 21 - 25 H. longispina sp. nov.: 21 - 23 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17418 24, 25 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17370 26 - 30 H. brachyacantha sp. nov.: 26 - 28 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17421 29, 30 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17379 31 - 35 H. magna: 31 - 33 male, genitalia slide no. WJP 17423 34, 35 female, genitalia slide no. WJP 17416 22, 27, 32 lamellate protuberance on base of valva 23, 28, 33 cornuti in male genitalia 25, 30, 35 signum of female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures21-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319054" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
). Female genitalia (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–35" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 35. Genitalia of Herpetogramma species. 21 - 25 H. longispina sp. nov.: 21 - 23 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17418 24, 25 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17370 26 - 30 H. brachyacantha sp. nov.: 26 - 28 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17421 29, 30 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17379 31 - 35 H. magna: 31 - 33 male, genitalia slide no. WJP 17423 34, 35 female, genitalia slide no. WJP 17416 22, 27, 32 lamellate protuberance on base of valva 23, 28, 33 cornuti in male genitalia 25, 30, 35 signum of female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures21-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319054" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Figs 34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–35" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 35. Genitalia of Herpetogramma species. 21 - 25 H. longispina sp. nov.: 21 - 23 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17418 24, 25 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17370 26 - 30 H. brachyacantha sp. nov.: 26 - 28 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17421 29, 30 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17379 31 - 35 H. magna: 31 - 33 male, genitalia slide no. WJP 17423 34, 35 female, genitalia slide no. WJP 17416 22, 27, 32 lamellate protuberance on base of valva 23, 28, 33 cornuti in male genitalia 25, 30, 35 signum of female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures21-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319054" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">35</figureCitation>
): Corpus bursae nearly pear-shaped. Signum nearly square, slightly depressed along diagonal axis (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–35" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 35. Genitalia of Herpetogramma species. 21 - 25 H. longispina sp. nov.: 21 - 23 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17418 24, 25 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17370 26 - 30 H. brachyacantha sp. nov.: 26 - 28 male, holotype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17421 29, 30 female, paratype, genitalia slide no. WJP 17379 31 - 35 H. magna: 31 - 33 male, genitalia slide no. WJP 17423 34, 35 female, genitalia slide no. WJP 17416 22, 27, 32 lamellate protuberance on base of valva 23, 28, 33 cornuti in male genitalia 25, 30, 35 signum of female genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.35111.figures21-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/319054" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
China (Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Liaoning, Jilin, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan), Korea, Japan, India, Sri Lanka (
<bibRefCitation author="Hampson, GF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30952985" refId="B9" refString="Hampson, GF, 1898. . https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30952985" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30952985" year="1898">Hampson 1898</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Bae, YS" journalOrPublisher="Korea National Arboretum, Samsungad, Seoul" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" refId="B3" refString="Bae, YS, Byun, BK, Paek, MK, 2008. Pyralid moths of Korea (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). . Korea National Arboretum, Samsungad, Seoul" title="Pyralid moths of Korea (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)." year="2008">Bae et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="78" refId="B5">Du 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="78" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
The identification of this species was based on the description and photographs of external morphology and genitalia (
<bibRefCitation author="Butler, AG" journalOrPublisher="Printed by the order of the trustees, London," pageId="12" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B4" refString="Butler, AG, 1879. Illustrations of typical specimens of LepidopteraHeterocera in the collection of the British Museum. . Printed by the order of the trustees, London, 3: 1 - 82" title="Illustrations of typical specimens of LepidopteraHeterocera in the collection of the British Museum." volume="3" year="1879">Butler 1879</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="78" refId="B14">Inoue 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Bae, YS" journalOrPublisher="Korea National Arboretum, Samsungad, Seoul" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" refId="B3" refString="Bae, YS, Byun, BK, Paek, MK, 2008. Pyralid moths of Korea (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). . Korea National Arboretum, Samsungad, Seoul" title="Pyralid moths of Korea (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)." year="2008">Bae et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="78" refId="B27">Sasaki and Yamanaka 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="9ED0569B-70E2-F4B5-7640-36C9B439563C" authority="Pascoe, 1863" authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Narcisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Narcisa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Narcisa Pascoe, 1863</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A Xenoglena sp. 1, Vietnam B Xenoglena sp. 2, Vietnam C Xenoglena quadrisignata (cf. yunnanensis) D Leperina (syn. Onyschomorpha) marmorata E Leperina decorata F Narcisa decidua G Narcisa sp., Seram H Phanodesta cribraria, &quot; Chili &quot; I Phanodesta sp., Juan Fernandez Isl. J Seidlitzella procera." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21081" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F4m" captionText="Map 4. A distribution of the tribe Gymnochilini." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21079" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">; Map 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pascoe" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Narcisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Narcisa</taxonomicName>
Pascoe, F. P. 1863: 28.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Narcisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decidua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Narcisa decidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pascoe, 1863 [by monotypy]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léveillé">Leveille</normalizedToken>
, A. 1910: 23.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolibáč">Kolibac</normalizedToken>
, J. 2005: 69 (redescription).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolibáč">Kolibac</normalizedToken>
, J. 2006: 111 (phylogeny). Reitter, E. 1876: 43
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The genus is apparently related to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Anacypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Anacypta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Xenoglena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xenoglena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The body is larger than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Anacypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Anacypta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not so slender as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Xenoglena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Xenoglena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, moreover perfectly covered in scales. Further to the three species described, I have also encountered some undescribed species, all of them distributed in the Indonesian islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Body size: about 7.0-9.0 mm. Body shape flat. Gular sutures narrow, subparallel at apex. Frontoclypeal suture absent. Frons: longitudinal groove or depression absent. Cranium ventrally: tufts of long setae at sides absent. Submentum: ctenidium present. Antennal groove present. Eyes: size large, dorsal. Eyes number: four. Epicranial acumination absent. Lacinial hooks absent. Galea: shape clavate. Galea: ciliate setae absent. Mediostipes-Lacinia fused together. Palpifer: outer edge even. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, vertically situated. Mola absent. Penicillus (at base) long setae. Pubescence above mola or cutting edge absent. Ventral furrow absent. Basal notch shallow or absent. Labrum-Cranium not fused. Epipharyngial sclerite present. Lateral tormal process: projection curved downwards, processes not connected (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Airora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">Airora</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Ligula: ciliate setae absent. Ligula rigid, not retroflexed, weakly emarginate. Hypopharyngeal sclerite absent. Antenna 11-segmented. Antennal club asymmetrical, sensorial fields present. Front coxal cavities externally closed, internally open. Pronotum transverse. Prepectus absent. Middle coxal cavities open. Elytra: long hairs absent. Epipleuron moderate. Elytral interlocking mechanism present, carinae reduced. Elytral punctation regular, scales present. Wing: radial cell oblong (or reduced), wedge cell present, cross vein MP3-4 present, cross vein AA1+2-3+4 present. Front tibiae: spines along side reduced. Hooked spur present. Claws: denticle absent. Parasternites number along ventrites III-VII: one. Spiculum gastrale absent. Tegmen composed of three parts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Unknown, probably predatory like
<taxonomicName authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Anacypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Anacypta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia (species that remain formally undescribed are known from Sulawesi and other islands).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="species">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Species:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Narcisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narcisa bimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gestro, 1879; Sumatra (AL)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léveillé">Leveille</normalizedToken>
, A. 1910: 23
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Narcisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decidua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narcisa decidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pascoe, 1863; Batchian (AL)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léveillé">Leveille</normalizedToken>
, A. 1910: 23.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolibáč">Kolibac</normalizedToken>
, J. 2005: 69 (redescription). Reitter, E. 1876: 43
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trogossitidae" genus="Narcisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lynceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narcisa lynceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Olliff, 1883; Borneo (AL)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Léveillé">Leveille</normalizedToken>
, A. 1910: 23
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6TDCH" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Ovieda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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Linnaeus
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<paragraph pageNumber="716">&quot;Habitat in America meridionali.&quot; RCN: 4628.</paragraph>
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Linnaeus.
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Current name:
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J. Fed. Malay St.
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<quantity id="ABCE7099A289AFDE58636BF06FF71596" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03632" unit="ft" value="3.4">3,400 ft</quantity>
(
<quantity id="BA8DC852DEC782904769BC9C37A4531B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" unit="m" value="1035.0">
<elevation id="A123D01645BC893CD20FFDBFAFD2C0FC">1035 m</elevation>
</quantity>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C68D689A7893EC9E48325667BCD36BA" pageNumber="1439" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="44E0E37CC55333DA0C05BF8FE0E62C42" pageNumber="1439">
<emphasis id="C565256B9B79F0059A295BD8DB122C37" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1439">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="226006C5049DE124D79177CF006AC128" language="eng" pageNumber="1439">Malay Peninsula Pithecheir</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5435098530E914C38F18DB47918D584" pageNumber="1439" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E13E495C7C350D749854021ADD885D42" pageNumber="1439">
<emphasis id="D7A2463866275578E76A985209835E79" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1439">Distribution:</emphasis>
Malay Peninsula (
<collectingRegion id="B80B1994A8A61B8CA322AD3A36737395" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang">Pahang</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="7CB9989E49FA845883A640B35B8C985E" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor">Selangor</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E3B5AF3EC07D24EFCDCBCAB87D80E608" pageNumber="1439" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="DE195A3313D9199B52713B1B0DA43EAA" pageNumber="1439">
<emphasis id="18062AE0FDB15962A3C3EED54C347200" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1439">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="F1C4E13EE7EF0A408895074B532D07A3">IUCN</collectionCode>
– Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6FE1B01E0505F0A4DF8315B5383B484" pageNumber="1439" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="39BB2752A91E823DB3BCC7485196DE65" pageNumber="1439">
<emphasis id="B7722259B19B247F6945933C7E017CBB" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1439">Discussion:</emphasis>
Originally described as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="BBD7C8C8167E1847205EAF7ED1C7DC97" authorityName="Müller" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pithecheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanurus">
<emphasis id="3ABB18CF29B72A1E2652ED06F0C457A0" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">P. melanurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="56CE19A829C9E536022EFD46007627A9" authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pithecheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="51B2C6E6EC518B4E5FC0B2F72725830D" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinctive species endemic to Malay Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="D9CF7D0FCA554EB1F93016A1141CEDF0" author="Musser, G. G. &amp; C. Newcomb" refId="ref252768" refString="Musser, G. G., and C. Newcomb. 1983. Malaysian murids and the giant rat of Sumatra. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 174: 327 - 598." year="1983">Musser and Newcomb, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7FB729A627450E456D60B6B27D360409" author="Muul, I. &amp; B. L. Lim" refId="ref253490" refString="Muul, I., and B. L. Lim. 1971. New locality records for some mammals of West Malaysia. Journal of Mammalogy, 52: 430 - 437." year="1971">Muul and Lim, 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Karyotype has same diploid number as
<taxonomicName id="883C82C36AEECCEBAEA3085CB708FB0A" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1859" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Hapalomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudus">
<emphasis id="4D1B98C4191956EF3DA88C54E1C93195" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">Hapalomys longicaudus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is uninformative about inferring phylogenetic relationships (Yong, et al., 1982). Spermatozoal morphology very distinctive (no apical hook), unlike that of any other Sundaic endemic (
<bibRefCitation id="D9B7D7D51198D56267C1E265AE59CBBF" author="Breed, W. G. &amp; H. S. Yong" refId="ref41734" refString="Breed, W. G., and H. S. Yong. 1986. Sperm morphology of murid rodents from Malaysia and its possible phylogenetic significance. American Museum Novitates, 2856: 1 - 12." year="1986">Breed and Yong, 1986</bibRefCitation>
), and resembling sperm of Sulawesian
<taxonomicName id="FFB29A264A307A52D2538DBBCD58E67F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Lenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="90ABD3E5512475B38F3FEB3F6D918958" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">Lenomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C64C83FC4E75F33F7B340221B81F7722" authority="(Breed and Musser, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Breed and Musser" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Eropeplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="46B3D24FFDE4D99F91D81BA256FCACC5" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">Eropeplus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5CB1E585D27CA9A10B868A6339A4A922" author="Breed, W. G. &amp; G. G. Musser" refId="ref41526" refString="Breed, W. G., and G. G. Musser. 1991. Sulawesi and Philippine rodents (Muridae): A survey of spermatozoal morphology and its significance for phylogenetic inference. American Museum Novitates, 3003: 1 - 15." year="1991">Breed and Musser, 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Joins
<taxonomicName id="B3EF51811ECBAF02403D8838434298FE" baseAuthorityName="Bonhote" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inas">
<emphasis id="F1D3ABBB9C538B2ADCD713D5FE0F0207" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">Maxomys inas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D52E0717B482BEAABFDE97D3003D6E18" baseAuthorityName="Chasen" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">
<emphasis id="577A442AA08832638865CB237F07853D" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">Niviventer cameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being the only recorded endemic murines on the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra (Musser, 1986; see account of
<taxonomicName id="C93A88F82A97C5B26AA661DDA4798CCE" baseAuthorityName="Chasen" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">
<emphasis id="06467A7E28024FE6B134915BEA4F9ACC" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">Niviventer cameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="F57FCDE40FDE5DB507E3A78F00E612F0" authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pithecheir" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="4BA31D115B665696CFB34215D4906869" italics="true" pageNumber="1439">P. parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been restricted to south of the Isthmus of Kra since early Pleistocene. Isolated molars identified as this species have been recovered from early and middle Pleistocene cave sediments in peninsular
<collectingCountry id="2D0DACA859FB1B97A63A6A25BDC05ACD" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
south of the Isthmus (
<bibRefCitation id="EE50E00CFDFA1C8F5D16BD0AAA148A1D" author="Chaimanee, Y." refId="ref56244" refString="Chaimanee, Y. 1998. Plio-Pleistocene rodents of Thailand. Thai Studies in Biodiversity No. 3: 303 pp." year="1998">Chaimanee, 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

59
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[
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<paragraph pageNumber="426">G. M. thorace levi subcarinato elytrisque viridibus immaculatis.</paragraph>
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1, 2.
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<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Africa.
<emphasis italics="true">E. Brander.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true">Corpus totum viride.</emphasis>
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164
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<paragraph id="8852C9BA2BA13E5D065E526D63987106" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">
<materialsCitation id="9A25BA8262390007DD13DF44B453C438" collectingDate="02-05.V.2012" collectingMethod="yellow pan trap" collectionCode="MR" collectorName="D. J. Inclan" country="Italy" latitude="43.21819" location="Italy" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.448691" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus id="144AD3BC7763A4943AD61D8CD917ED8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName id="5130F097BD17D2277270DC1B5DA9EEC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">
D. J.
<normalizedToken id="2C3AB503C912327ADDC07FAB048EA8E1" originalValue="Inclán">Inclan</normalizedToken>
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; Location: country:
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; stateProvince: Tuscany; verbatimLocality: Siena, Monteroni d'Arbia; verbatimElevation: 195 m; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate id="9F0825FCF2DBA3B235A551B19A3A78CF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.21819">43°13'5.48&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
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; Identification: identifiedBy: M. Riedel; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod id="A2DCDCB8076C9CD966B2A5D4A034E5FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">yellow pan trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate id="C0EE6314FB25B4C68A0372A2F6E24128" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" value="02-05.V.2012">02-05.V.2012</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="516F69BA72676B66F2FA052893DCBDAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">
<materialsCitation id="093D6890DA901D67D08F02323B3A3181" collectingDate="11-12.V.2012" collectingMethod="yellow pan trap" collectionCode="MR" collectorName="D. J. Inclan" country="Italy" latitude="43.21819" location="Italy" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.448691" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName id="6897C5CE605E6E14B561B74CE05173BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">
D. J.
<normalizedToken id="6831D77A87C80FB94EF9943339F5DC48" originalValue="Inclán">Inclan</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount id="012F3317BF5BCECA505069958413B1D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType id="2D52A3B1CC0B091C734161F2102CE4DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">female</specimenType>
; Location: country:
<collectingCountry id="92BAA9DABF3C5FF65F36D8FD066935F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Italy</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Tuscany; verbatimLocality: Siena, Monteroni d'Arbia; verbatimElevation: 195 m; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate id="1FCC46B97A1FCF288A755C7087EB4A5D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.21819">43°13'5.48&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate id="43BB1D53EF1CE37AAA97A34E38A11A23" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.448691">11°26'55.29&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identifiedBy: M. Riedel; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod id="9B0C532DB42E8DB601C3F52F7945CCCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">yellow pan trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate id="41E74301590257A126E60BB57C848AEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" value="11-12.V.2012">11-12.V.2012</collectingDate>
; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode id="436E09B4D21E9DDB9E441DFD68741FEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">MR</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7F2247A153151B60D9C57B3F63A19D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C7DEB8A8F8CDDFE90DF1FCFA32A7405" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A948CC663D4B5165834D5044E56F9BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">
Male (from
<bibRefCitation id="69B4392FC8B6EB340221C383A198A345" author="Heinrich, G. H." journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" pagination="80 - 101" title="Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae IX. Eine Spaetlese (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)." volume="60" year="1972">Heinrich 1972</bibRefCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F79E237AD8609A326FC51130B0CBA92" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">
Mesoscutum with dense and rather coarse punctures, ground between punctures smooth and shiny. Margin of clypeus shiny. Malar space about
<normalizedToken id="E696D5CED06948B2FB698F302CF5AB23" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
the length of the base of mandible. Flagellum with short elliptical tyloids on flagellomere 7-16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37F23DF09D08828CA7D9C784C02D49D" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Colour: face and thorax mostly black; white are inner orbits, narrow stripe on outer orbits, central spot on face, scapus and flagellum ventrally, collar, upper hind margin of pronotum, subalar ridge, tegulae, scutellum and postscutellum. Metasoma black; postpetiolus, tergite 2 and 3, and basal part of tergite 4 red; tergite 6 with white spot, tergite 7 mostly white. Coxae, trochanters and legs black; coxae I and II with white spot, ventral side of tibiae I and II, femur I except the base and apex of femur II pale yellowish.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FBFD38AC7CE9996DA8920D35E25DEC34" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Female:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="680314702267378F925C90A0D16D2B70" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Body length 6-7 mm. Flagellum with 27-28 segments, slightly lanceolate. First flagellomere about 1.8 times longer than wide, widest flagellomeres about 1.2 times wider than long. Temples roundly narrowed behind eyes. Clypeus moderately convex. Head with coarse dense puncture, clypeus with scattered puncture.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AC7E02E8C0939DAF506B81448F3B30B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Pronotum with a strong longitudinal ridge medially. Mesoscutum with coarse puncture and fine granulation, strongly shining. Mesopleurum with coarse puncture (slightly rugose-punctate apically), intervals smooth and shining, metapleurum with coarse puncture, shining. Scutellum slightly wider than long, with lateral carinae in the basal 0.5. Propodeum completely carinate, area superomedia hexagonal, about as long as wide. Hind coxa punctate, without scopa. Hind femur stout, about 3.3 times as long as wide.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18E6672AB5D19BA8BF2575A11B47DC51" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Postpetiolus strongly widened, not differentiate and without dorsal carina, almost smooth and with very scattered puncture medially. Second tergite with strong transverse thyridia, each thyridium about 1.6 times wider than the thyridial interval. Tergites 2-3 with coarse puncture, shining, tergite 4 superficially punctate, following tergites smoothened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E8A278EE49F570CA1A62733683BAF399" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Colour: mostly black. Flagellum with ivory ring on flagellomeres 7-11. Ivory are narrow stripe on frontal orbit, apical half of scutellum, narrow apical band on tergite 6 (one specimen with completely black tergite 6) and wide apical band on tergite 7. Tergites 1-3 red. Following tergites black, the fourth one more or less reddish laterally. Coxae and trochanteres black. Femora I-II reddish, more or less infuscate at bases. Tibiae and tarsi I-II reddish, yellowish-red on frontal side. Hind leg black, tibia III with red subbasal ring. Pterostigma black.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E61F1CA248931AB4AD4442EA5E1026BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="44A0335C0943453C5B3BE3BCF8324600" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5BBFF944AD0486FB73C58D14706B3C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">
The female of
<taxonomicName id="7F8D7BC18665E19F9E344FD5D7705FED" lsidName="B. hibericus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" rank="species" species="hibericus">B. hibericus</taxonomicName>
Heinrich is similar to
<taxonomicName id="DC7D81AF21B9BE2B444929E3791F45C1" lsidName="B. ridibundus" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" rank="species" species="ridibundus">B. ridibundus</taxonomicName>
(Gravenhorst, 1829) but it differs in having a stouter first flagellomere, strongly shining mesoscutum with coarse punctation, and a stouter hind femur (Figs 4, 5).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBB54A0D3A33CD4BAD89521D21EF77D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A26677B6F2654B879231D641F4870672" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7F114CB754A87BCC8CD50E6AECAC5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">
Previously known only from Portugal (
<bibRefCitation id="651FB1E5490E900004141AA8875BD767" author="Heinrich, G. H." journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" pagination="80 - 101" title="Zur Systematik der Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae IX. Eine Spaetlese (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)." volume="60" year="1972">Heinrich 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A6AEE9B30DEB35AEB64378E11CD083" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057" type="notes">
<paragraph id="38A34CCCD0D7BD6BF8796827FA85FAAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="967BC18C869758282A60FDEB556AB744" pageId="0" pageNumber="5057">New for Italy.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

461
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<paragraph id="15F6DE0F4B0CFD1AE4C0D4E18D599F77" pageNumber="1584">
<taxonomicName id="0BB646B1E97190897FE5E2D61A10BBB5" ID-CoL="6WFQ" authority="J. A. Allen 1899" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2787610B5623187A20F254404EEBA582" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys</emphasis>
J. A. Allen 1899
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C4E7A65C20FD42EE340B3D9950F2D66" pageNumber="1584" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="699D1EF11FF2F105D326011688A0172E" pageNumber="1584">
<treatmentCitation id="4DCF13A8BF9C80057554044310737438" author="J. A. Allen" authority="J. A. Allen 1899" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" journal="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="257" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Proechimys" volume="12" year="1899">
<taxonomicName id="BED72E04CF79874EE75A4B22DD058604" ID-CoL="6WFQ" authority="J. A. Allen 1899" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62269BF16395E295F25A2651B83ADD6B" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys</emphasis>
J. A. Allen 1899
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="4824D6FEF60179830E3B889B98745E56" author="J. A. Allen" journal="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageNumber="1584" pagination="257" title="Proechimys" volume="12" year="1899">Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12: 257</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55F98184AE0EE080C712EFABBFA83A5C" pageNumber="1584" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="B946FFA627E6E4181BA5347991017BCE" pageNumber="1584">
<emphasis id="D2D3F7C3F3B4BF4CC77FE2FFB4A73C21" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1584">Type Species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EB86A28BB7A6B7D6806E1EE27E5324FD" authority="J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893" authorityName="J. A. Allen and Chapman" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Echimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="EF891B6554A7EAC2A6FDA3F8EB8AA2AE" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Echimys trinitatis</emphasis>
J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14DA6CCBB7D44CFD9B13C502FC02F36E" pageNumber="1584" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="B2E3C599E9400455F2E595629AEDC350" pageNumber="1584">
<emphasis id="6EF021D9E975082271B02DCEA0AFBFF3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1584">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
25 species with 16 subspecies:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D186B31DE5B7E9A938B49691F8C0E37F" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="AC093FF885574FFF78449171CA43C24D" authority="(Gunther 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="0028E45135AF9F2440B014EEE97124FA" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys brevicauda</emphasis>
(Gunther 1876)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52F7AFCF12EA807FB812867002AE4472" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="FD771E8FBD28C3ECF962C810456ADEB2" authority="J. A. Allen 1899" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicollis">
<emphasis id="36647A5DBC48231E136431395ED380F3" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys canicollis</emphasis>
J. A. Allen 1899
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="63879C55483DB21A55E4A41B5FA18A76" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="31FA781B9F5CBE166957115AD20F7E97" authority="(Thomas 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaeolus">
<emphasis id="B56897CB5188D6983CD7732750FB0342" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys chrysaeolus</emphasis>
(Thomas 1898)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E46474F8CC7ACE01A87769C8B629B60B" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="222C5576DCA598849E6683240E3D5AF1" authority="Petter 1978" authorityName="Petter" authorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
<emphasis id="FD849843A2E094D925724E2FB33122D6" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys cuvieri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A096886BC97C306E5BFEB717E810497" author="Petter, F." refId="ref284232" refString="Petter, F. 1978. Epidemiologie de la leishmaniose en Guyane francaise en relation avec l'existance d'une espece nouvelle de rongeurs echimyides, Proechimys cuvieri, sp. n. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des seances de l'Academie de Sciences, Paris, ser. D, 287: 261 - 264." year="1978">Petter 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1FDD4C99F9DD610A0CB17C6BECCE0C08" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="9C6EF0151D70D1BE6727B6BEC2BDF690" authority="Thomas 1899" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decumanus">
<emphasis id="8983831913587E717BB22777F8936883" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys decumanus</emphasis>
Thomas 1899
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE2B4BF6A161BAAE38ABBEEA3676F929" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="D939B641B60E05234A439300C17DA11F" authority="da Silva 1998" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="echinothrix">
<emphasis id="82E2FD2AA946663C56688D5EF38FB3CE" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys echinothrix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9B41BFDE3CD0CA512DFE553ADDA7B20" author="da Silva, M. N. F." refId="ref327764" refString="da Silva, M. N. F. 1998. Four new species of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from western Amazon of Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (2): 436 - 471." year="1998">da Silva 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83B7FE1D59743877E53E24F94AC8E656" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="CBC64BEE0C626BAA38D0F291201A828D" authority="da Silva 1998" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gardneri">
<emphasis id="20C549C0B43D19A35F819BE8188442BA" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys gardneri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6FC9307CBDF9571B02A307662AE790CD" author="da Silva, M. N. F." refId="ref327764" refString="da Silva, M. N. F. 1998. Four new species of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from western Amazon of Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (2): 436 - 471." year="1998">da Silva 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="182ADEB807B0CC215C31F9489FA07BFA" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="FEA4754E65F5CF3D09EA7C41D1A6C29C" authority="Thomas 1905" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goeldii">
<emphasis id="EE7A1EDBD47D140E8A6C89276A144E77" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys goeldii</emphasis>
Thomas 1905
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05CBEA64FFA90E0D6CF089E8E6E8440A" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="4BFD938E0F92282BFA90327A40D3C1C8" authority="Thomas 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guairae">
<emphasis id="B6852C692740DAD61D8BE41DD401501B" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys guairae</emphasis>
Thomas 1901
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8E6344232ED4320D5EC65241A77C398" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="29AC3F7011C9D17218E91616B21921CC" authority="(E. Geoffroy 1803)" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guyannensis">
<emphasis id="A790C9368DB62422F25497B4CFB3F9B8" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys guyannensis</emphasis>
(E.
<bibRefCitation id="DB535D521A72F60B0068EE0396853589" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." refId="ref118357" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 272 pp." year="1803">Geoffroy 1803</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="675A3F6328BC0A39950C802BFDBB060C" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="7171989FF0035DD17666B820E38C0D71" authority="E. Geoffroy 1803" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guyannensis" subSpecies="guyannensis">
<emphasis id="78AA43A24E8D0878C40942D0DBAFA16F" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys guyannensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="007B0DD8C629EAC5CDD7C85033532D6D" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">guyannensis</emphasis>
E.
<bibRefCitation id="5AC8E0A6A5BB0436BBB240CFDF207765" author="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E." refId="ref118357" refString="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E. 1803. Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 272 pp." year="1803">Geoffroy 1803</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDCAC68185E5023821288A9ADC42DD05" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="85CE13F041FD9CDD3874BD4C9666C870" authority="Moojen 1948" authorityName="Moojen" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guyannensis" subSpecies="arabupu">
<emphasis id="15DC826F5997BB2D083BBEB2D2E7EC50" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys guyannensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="380A15A5FC639B86BF251A4EA9D4858B" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">arabupu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="875591C780D6A3BD9C45565DA83A1542" author="Moojen, J." refId="ref245922" refString="Moojen, J. 1948. Speciation in the Brazilian spiny rats (genus Proechimys, family Echimyidae). University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 1 (19): 301 - 406." year="1948">Moojen 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64EA4568C4F499B8B7F6935A24B670AE" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="746EEDF351D44CA223B425316C941190" authority="Osgood 1944" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1944" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guyannensis" subSpecies="arescens">
<emphasis id="151F011BF344E4F28068315C6E41F4B8" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys guyannensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="62E87BE0C189700272F35FF818A92292" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">arescens</emphasis>
Osgood 1944
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B04878060B1DEAD6B9F155B38F943CEF" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="3F14EA884B0A497009E49E8CCAB04A53" authority="Thomas 1899" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guyannensis" subSpecies="cherriei">
<emphasis id="7A9BAC8CC6A33B7BADC5DE5AEF526AC9" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys guyannensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="5882D4A86336CE31297699896CBDAD19" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">cherriei</emphasis>
Thomas 1899
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77BB76F5D9AD6660D8E8795805FC2F07" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="C47CB554F113CAE896EB51183D42A8C3" authority="Moojen 1948" authorityName="Moojen" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guyannensis" subSpecies="riparum">
<emphasis id="0309E76B66CAE6CC32B86B0282548868" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys guyannensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="FF8F73220766339EFA18B3ED52747AB0" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">riparum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="998A2C6DB25B9D7D5E644F0572F0B300" author="Moojen, J." refId="ref245922" refString="Moojen, J. 1948. Speciation in the Brazilian spiny rats (genus Proechimys, family Echimyidae). University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 1 (19): 301 - 406." year="1948">Moojen 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="543358E8042D2C4B5FF3A06997EFCBA9" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="DAA60A514661626F55C54CC9363BF151" authority="Thomas 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guyannensis" subSpecies="vacillator">
<emphasis id="89075A11117DEC2EFB47830248E1F1DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys guyannensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="4BA98CA46150459ED825749216AF27B1" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">vacillator</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3FF7E72DE94476A5F6E071AD5B70C003" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref352582" refString="Thomas, O. 1903. Notes on Neotropical mammals of the genera Felis, Hapale, Oryzomys, Akodon, and Ctenomys, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 12: 234 - 243." year="1903">Thomas 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D8FD1155F8729315C624280BB946A14" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="0C72C8CE06FFFC8F6A313D6AD5EF57C5" authority="Tate 1939" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoplomyoides">
<emphasis id="7B69FF6D6AD39E29868A89E4EDBCEB64" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys hoplomyoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3084C27F6380011642E76494FDA6A233" author="Tate, G. H. H." refId="ref347306" refString="Tate, G. H. H. 1939. The mammals of the Guiana region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 76: 151 - 229." year="1939">Tate 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6BDC38DD7F4C8693D883122E30CF2622" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="149A36A25C311BF7686218EED9192FAB" authority="da Silva 1998" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kulinae">
<emphasis id="24C7693F3E5694397E683E5D5CE7A2AF" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys kulinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="05A681032CC0C033D3C5536B59AD20C8" author="da Silva, M. N. F." refId="ref327764" refString="da Silva, M. N. F. 1998. Four new species of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from western Amazon of Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (2): 436 - 471." year="1998">da Silva 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E48AEEEEB1D29184D11CD99E418E63D6" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="A04C0466B8A4E219E8173E07B39905D2" authority="(Rengger 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Rengger" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudatus">
<emphasis id="0AFA00FF2D0F8D68D27ABECA09D21BA6" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys longicaudatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="48ADE4E8540F39323B0E333B5EB15B7F" author="Rengger, J. R." refId="ref301735" refString="Rengger, J. R. 1830. Naturgeschichte de Saugethiere von Paraguay. Schweighausersche Buchhandlung, Basel, Switzerland, 394 pp." year="1830">Rengger 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81017CA2645F7613ECBDE8050922E017" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="1C1316E95F233E9DECD7DFB3560395B2" authority="Hershkovitz 1948" authorityName="Hershkovitz" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magdalenae">
<emphasis id="7C651FF28AC7B255A4DF4553F3BD17CE" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys magdalenae</emphasis>
Hershkovitz 1948
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83C89571961B9C6AF0659CEE56C333F7" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="4DC5B54DAFE7CC270144A9EE1A2DCEDC" authority="J. A. Allen 1899" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mincae">
<emphasis id="710E7F2C96653B69EFE3DDAFE1D3F446" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys mincae</emphasis>
J. A. Allen 1899
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="45320D6BF788580F43DA53D177D58707" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="469A7E70FAEB7622EFA742ACD94EC7C6" authority="J. A. Allen 1913" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oconnelli">
<emphasis id="3EEFC73D0961F2BE0ED4DE4BB6916EB5" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys oconnelli</emphasis>
J. A.
<bibRefCitation id="A2D2A1AB292A6B0F97E31BF11957D415" author="Allen, J. A." refId="ref5737" refString="Allen, J. A. 1913. Revision of the Melanomys group of American Muridae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 32: 535 - 555." year="1913">Allen 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2B14C8D3071496E3CE7FED68DF3443C" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="C8B773853FE700955637A9C53C6A0C93" authority="da Silva 1998" authorityName="da Silva" authorityYear="1998" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pattoni">
<emphasis id="6549C5AD7575BC58D23754BD11136E1E" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys pattoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0ECE6C920CA737AFCA371E9160E3311C" author="da Silva, M. N. F." refId="ref327764" refString="da Silva, M. N. F. 1998. Four new species of spiny rats of the genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from western Amazon of Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (2): 436 - 471." year="1998">da Silva 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C9C3639AC6BEC9EC3A8CEDCDE5F3E37" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="93BE791DF6C7F033F1D1818BEE0731AB" authority="Osgood 1914" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poliopus">
<emphasis id="4820AF104A535B318719AB333B6A2FF2" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys poliopus</emphasis>
Osgood 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE70B76A086E9DABC63EF643A69D112B" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="2C3CEAF0B5D31E265DFAF9177277F343" authority="Hershkovitz 1948" authorityName="Hershkovitz" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadruplicatus">
<emphasis id="657B5FC6275546D8CD49CBD793426B07" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys quadruplicatus</emphasis>
Hershkovitz 1948
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="65CDE1640E365FD0AEAA3B14B85CA994" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="99FB42234CDA78483577689A1234742C" authority="Thomas 1901" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roberti">
<emphasis id="962590B0FF573AA164B1FE4E6080E33E" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys roberti</emphasis>
Thomas 1901
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CCBAA1FA1464F276A195AC856D03A88A" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="499658E7B7110BCEF2E4AF40700F5F81" authority="(Tomes 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semispinosus">
<emphasis id="4BF370718F3034A23E3AAABF6B9B8A15" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
(Tomes 1860)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3F0CDB49C9233E8B94A6704676CE769" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="B5DF89A817737D91ACF609601B38CA17" authority="Tomes 1860" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="semispinosus">
<emphasis id="77E004F4B98FDFF618C815129BD2A166" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="CA3B4B5E22D47EF5B42EE12D18B19E09" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">semispinosus</emphasis>
Tomes 1860
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B9C8BCDBD524B6842E059F850488DFD8" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="BDDAC32ECDDD8084CE606517AB5AB1B6" authority="Bang 1901" authorityName="Bang" authorityYear="1901" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="burrus">
<emphasis id="862BC3D7445A9613AA74C368131BA7CC" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="647B1ECFB7F6C15479F2E77726A0C9EF" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">burrus</emphasis>
Bang 1901
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A958B7CCBC2D4038E91F118F67B998F9" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="947BAE5B9532AFF535903283BB59E18F" authority="Thomas 1911" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="calidior">
<emphasis id="E51906C777C5A446D6B6453747E46561" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="14E454EB8754E2D761B06009CC2AA3C8" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">calidior</emphasis>
Thomas 1911
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FF20C3239F136C8D2A94B14D77D7A0B6" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="075C2D71853A70B2BCAF4C416565D472" authority="Thomas 1896" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="centralis">
<emphasis id="91451027CED09B3139D2D9726780849E" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="186C77555EA1FEF179227D40DB4BBF5F" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">centralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D02B986E0577CE39D5E165A44A06A8C" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref352089" refString="Thomas, O. 1896 [1897]. On the genera of rodents: An attempt to bring up to date the current arrangement of the order. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896: 1012 - 1028." year="1896">Thomas 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="947C2C16E2E4438FED598BABE42D86C9" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="7211D007C512212C0697DBD8B96FE6AB" authority="Thomas 1914" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="colombianus">
<emphasis id="DF955CAE642FAD39A3FA0FCDBFD5DDD9" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="69A2269334AB03ED1F89C578357F7A5B" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">colombianus</emphasis>
Thomas 1914
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12BF43243AB66D87098A41981F01521D" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="13E35222B554EE3291B80D410542CA9C" authority="Bole 1937" authorityName="Bole" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="goldmani">
<emphasis id="A8CD5C8E853344BA2BFFAA875E65F725" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="0C7C0E7D76791664FC98A40F8904DD5D" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">goldmani</emphasis>
Bole 1937
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2741B3BFB70CCBB4579AF056C111AB24" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="A607E00D5B5C16E37E16FBACABB5BC6D" authority="Kellogg 1946" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1946" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="ignotus">
<emphasis id="A61D099F5DA83F4383072D36584C7929" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="AB2B579F8D7039BB586B4776D719121A" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">ignotus</emphasis>
Kellogg 1946
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2872F8F02E32F604548D06C0D6143B2F" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="00A1A3DEE14047E427D68138B6CB6272" authority="Thomas 1900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="panamensis">
<emphasis id="7EB7DA8A3CB74DD1093B988E3B4018FB" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="03EE15AC1E73BD9754774C364344EE72" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">panamensis</emphasis>
Thomas 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ABE96F0A7DA91DD1C72087969242C0CF" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="552414E01075FB02B4087A3C46B7A111" authority="Thomas 1900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="rosa">
<emphasis id="066092F3F2CBFA09237CD32D279776F8" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="A7E332E28205F05F857CB4FEAB91148E" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">rosa</emphasis>
Thomas 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D7B824A247ED598E60238C7F0D15926" pageNumber="1584">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="04EB9C34C71F75D4F1AA9C567E05EA5D" authority="Hollister 1914" authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="semispinosus" subSpecies="rubellus">
<emphasis id="2CFF709FC870D07152133F64134972A1" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys semispinosus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="8AD85875F56D96B06E76AFA889D327F6" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">rubellus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4C9BFD45AF87F9496F3CB26A694F019E" author="Hollister, N." refId="ref156921" refString="Hollister, N. 1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 47: 427 - 489." year="1914">Hollister 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7497A8BB6B33DB67F043FB8BB777E49" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="6308656B8A9916F67D0938639171BAA5" authority="Thomas 1900" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simonsi">
<emphasis id="1F3535A58E362FA88864FE02B5EC7374" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys simonsi</emphasis>
Thomas 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E41F53FB04D4A7D85C94A74A9DEB97B1" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="C0B99CEE83AA1EF6E7F71E07302A049D" authority="Goldman 1911" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steerei">
<emphasis id="E9CAC061EE7260E520486A499312B76B" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys steerei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="742AC109B8FCDE3C55E05CA3FC9BBED9" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122604" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1911. Revision of spiny pocket mice (genera Heteromys and Liomys). North American Fauna, 34: 1 - 70." year="1911">Goldman 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="17E98F9145953CA645A05E1C9DC026C3" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="FBF1F16F6375071AC5915E7F8F864902" authority="(J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893)" baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen and Chapman" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatus">
<emphasis id="0B13946BF955351B3C7D6691D07A110B" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys trinitatus</emphasis>
(J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08DEA6B3F51C66675B4F50C1E460057A" pageNumber="1584">
Species
<taxonomicName id="67E9E8C4EA1DC579DC76DBCD035CF6C2" authority="J. A. Allen 1899" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1584" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="urichi">
<emphasis id="A4658493BE9333403E80F31341DC1130" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys urichi</emphasis>
J. A. Allen 1899
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27774EB526F8E2FB5F002339B85F1AA8" pageNumber="1584" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="93B52D09EDAEC3CD55200A66982BD1E9" pageNumber="1584">
<emphasis id="103F47AAA7C28FD6E7C80043442B5D77" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1584">Discussion:</emphasis>
Traditionally divided into 2 subgenera,
<taxonomicName id="3477DF425B9ECD553A06D3114ECAB46D" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="20F8716EE4EAFFE0C91727D3A9FD334E" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D01196C5A0BAE641BBE8C2ACC4196046" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E80D01A6102C9AD94D1EA2BA356ED8C4" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Trinomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B48F6F159ECE1D638968B1E9E2D33265" author="Moojen, J." refId="ref245922" refString="Moojen, J. 1948. Speciation in the Brazilian spiny rats (genus Proechimys, family Echimyidae). University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 1 (19): 301 - 406." year="1948">Moojen, 1948</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="994B82CB22881579E46EF6F44975DBF2" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref354821" refString="Thomas, O. 1921 f. On the spiny rats of the Proechimys group from Southeastern Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 8: 140 - 143." year="1921">
Thomas, 1921
<emphasis id="0CD1729E5E30A147AE10054D512D21A8" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">f</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1984B2447E273F65A16D544AD73E70E9" author="Woods, C. A." refId="ref394517" refString="Woods, C. A. 1993. Suborder Hystricognathi. Pp. 771 - 806, in Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., 1206 pp." year="1993">Woods, 1993</bibRefCitation>
) but
<taxonomicName id="6EA56DECC274091A99551F5401A2CF99" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D93E50C497ED9BA9F2582BFB4B85AB5D" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Trinomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was elevated to a genus by
<bibRefCitation id="4551BA7E1CE1E1D017C3AB2748D030A5" author="Lara, M. C. &amp; J. L. Patton &amp; M. N. F. da Silva" refId="ref204173" refString="Lara, M. C., J. L. Patton, and M. N. F. da Silva. 1996. The simultaneous diversification of South American echimyid rodents (Hystricognathi) based on complete cytochrome b sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 5 (2): 403 - 413." year="1996">
<collectingRegion id="4B5C817F483CA4DA2EFA68E75CDA8486" country="Venezuela" name="Lara">Lara</collectingRegion>
et al. (1996)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="97373B6C3832FB055EDD5EB3F85E9485" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="37AAD9A10282380DE54459D1CC0789A7" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Proechimys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents one of the most diverse groups of Neotropical rodents with 63 named forms. Reviewed, in part, by
<bibRefCitation id="0B1DB29D30D49EA91F5F845D672297D8" author="Reig, O. A. &amp; M. Aguilera &amp; M. A. Barros &amp; M. Useche" refId="ref300871" refString="Reig, O. A., M. Aguilera, M. A. Barros, and M. Useche. 1980. Chromosomal speciation in a Rassenkreis of Venezuelan spiny rats (genus Proechimys; Rodentia: Echimyidae). Genetica, 52 / 53: 291 - 312." year="1980">Reig et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F9392DE164FFE36AEE2BF17BEB460D83" author="Gardner, A. L. &amp; L. H. Emmons" refId="ref114401" refString="Gardner, A. L., and L. H. Emmons. 1984. Species groups in Proechimys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) as indicated by karyology and bullar morphology. Journal of Mammalogy, 65: 10 - 25." year="1984">Gardner and Emmons (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="8FE8FF3AB522E1FFB6B937B811435502" author="Patton, J. L." refId="ref275053" refString="Patton, J. L. 1987. Species groups of spiny rats, genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, n. s., 39: 305 - 345." year="1987">Patton (1987)</bibRefCitation>
. May include
<taxonomicName id="D283B83768FBE1D068C8580ED8A345A5" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Hoplomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A8AA50D1F70B050373FF72BE5843C65" italics="true" pageNumber="1584">Hoplomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="307A24A74773BD920BE5C3815207AA1B" author="Patton, J. L. &amp; O. A. Reig" refId="ref275765" refString="Patton, J. L., and O. A. Reig. 1989. Genetic differentiation among echimyid rodents, with an emphasis on spiny rats, genus Proechimys. Pp. 75 - 96, in Advances in Neotropical mammalogy (K. H. Redford and J. F. Eisenberg, eds.). Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, FL, 614 pp." year="1989">Patton and Reig, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CEB0E45159CC5FF4CD0D3A371DA82E86" author="Lara, M. C. &amp; J. L. Patton &amp; M. N. F. da Silva" refId="ref204173" refString="Lara, M. C., J. L. Patton, and M. N. F. da Silva. 1996. The simultaneous diversification of South American echimyid rodents (Hystricognathi) based on complete cytochrome b sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 5 (2): 403 - 413." year="1996">
<collectingRegion id="4FB9481E78F9B778EBEDD8E303DC6627" country="Venezuela" name="Lara">Lara</collectingRegion>
et al., 1996
</bibRefCitation>
). The species-level taxonomy of the group is controversial, and in need of a major revision.
<bibRefCitation id="F530A03A2D63B3968283CD81A875BA73" author="Gardner, A. L. &amp; L. H. Emmons" refId="ref114401" refString="Gardner, A. L., and L. H. Emmons. 1984. Species groups in Proechimys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) as indicated by karyology and bullar morphology. Journal of Mammalogy, 65: 10 - 25." year="1984">Gardner and Emmons (1984)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="918E14F69BE363F1DBFE305D3F097E4B" author="Patton, J. L." refId="ref275053" refString="Patton, J. L. 1987. Species groups of spiny rats, genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae). Fieldiana: Zoology, n. s., 39: 305 - 345." year="1987">Patton (1987)</bibRefCitation>
grouped taxa into species groups. Further revision of the genus is in progress by J. Patton (pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>