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<document ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57ea6fdb-2533-44e5-b60b-736758a88d19" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3922206" ID-ZooBank="2C6327E1-5560-4DB4-B9CA-76A0FA03D975" checkinTime="1593218702860" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Linnaeus, Carolus" docDate="1758" docId="52C506B1D51AFB08BB907E2892F98805" docLanguage="de" docName="Linnaeus1758Treatments.xml" docOrigin="Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius" docSource="https://archive.org/download/mobot31753000798865/mobot31753000798865.pdf" docTitle="Conus stercus muscarum Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E0F883FA-EEC1-4221-BA79-1022D832E8D9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="715" masterDocId="3F896AFC21C459639D0D71D9EDB8875C" masterDocTitle="Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis" pageNumber="715" updateTime="1643600433100" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Linnaeus, Carolus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>1758</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>Laurentius Salvius</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Stockholm</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>https://archive.org/download/mobot31753000798865/mobot31753000798865.pdf</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>book</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2C6327E1-5560-4DB4-B9CA-76A0FA03D975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3922206</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3915914" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164808269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3915914" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0F883FA-EEC1-4221-BA79-1022D832E8D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/52C506B1D51AFB08BB907E2892F98805" lastPageNumber="715" pageNumber="715" sourcePageUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727626">
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="715">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E0F883FA-EEC1-4221-BA79-1022D832E8D9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stercus muscarum" status="spec. nov." zbkClass="Vermes" zbkKingdom="Animalia" zbkOrder="Testacea">Conus stercus muscarum</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="715">C. testa basi emarginata striata, spirae anfractibus canaliculatis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="715">
<emphasis italics="true">Rumph. mus. t.</emphasis>
33.
<emphasis italics="true">f. Z. A. A</emphasis>
V. arenata.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="715">
<emphasis italics="true">Gvalt test. t.</emphasis>
25.
<emphasis italics="true">f. N. O. P.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="715">
<emphasis italics="true">Argenv. conch. t.</emphasis>
15.
<emphasis italics="true">f. S.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="715">
<emphasis italics="true">Pet. gaz. t.</emphasis>
75.
<emphasis italics="true">f.</emphasis>
1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="715">
<emphasis italics="true">Kratzenst. Regenf. t.</emphasis>
7.
<emphasis italics="true">f.</emphasis>
2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="715">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Asia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="4E1FD4CAE331561C27E8C0DBD855150D">Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B875ED3C62FACB37FA158A8C8F7F325">Tan, Jiang-Li</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="D97E9F234BBBB8AAB62953A41DEE3A78" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C53226C615ABEDE1428436E4A6A79CBE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="117D017B06BE019E27FB6B5FDE979DD7" ID-CoL="4TBV8" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ropalidia_artifex" authority="de Saussure, 1854" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Ropalidia artifex (de Saussure, 1854)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BDFFFC9E81FFED852D760AEDDE21ED2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">rec. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 1A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80BD0C76529071BCC566240F33229097" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="02611B4CD2D90F3CB5419D12AD18D85A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4AE8AC45761492C4D625BDC43F29F7EC" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Icaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Icaria artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Icaria artifex</taxonomicName>
de Saussure, 1854: 236. Type locality: Java.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1336F91D671048E188E726CE2955BC34" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="27681422E3BDD48FFC215E1993810CEA" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Ropalidia artifex</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="70FEA5E09F8B2CA115192ABFC025E2E5" author="Dover, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Federated Malay State Museums" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="251 - 260" title="The vespidae in the Federated Malay State Museums." volume="16" year="1931">Dover 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 257.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BB3A69AB7B6FE3A95D413509B82B203" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="EA14B0A09E92E15835603B6DAC365399" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex subsp. artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="artifex" subSpecies="artifex">Ropalidia artifex artifex</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0EBDC870A2BD0C7B9F541DBCAA59BE8A" author="van der Vecht, J" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="103 - 190" title="The Indo-Australian species of the genus Ropalidia (= Icaria) (Hym., Vespidae) (first part)." volume="18" year="1941">van der Vecht 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 110.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F58B7B0F75474588F82DF23420019DB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="F64457FA620E84A27EDD3865C636F6F1" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex subsp. fuscata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="artifex" subSpecies="fuscata">Ropalidia artifex fuscata</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="97F96A7EF455DEEA96923308D971C051" author="van der Vecht, J" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="103 - 190" title="The Indo-Australian species of the genus Ropalidia (= Icaria) (Hym., Vespidae) (first part)." volume="18" year="1941">van der Vecht 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 136. Type locality: N. Sumatra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="711CD978744DCC8FDE5836995071AA01" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph id="824280745AD450C3DAF3233BD497B074" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E76D8718B6F07AA11E8768E0AB57313" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
CHINA: 3 ♀ (NWUM), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 28-30.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ (NWUM), Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 26.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Jinghong Forestry Park, Yunnan, 31.vii.2003, J Lu (no. 20045916); 5 ♀ (ZJUH), Fugong, Yunnan, 24.viii.2003, Q Li (no. 20046662, -4, -6, -8, -70); 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Mt. Youle, Yunnan,17.iv.1981, JH He (no. 811876); 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Shuangjiang, Yunnan, 21.iv.1981, coll. JH He (no. 813609); 2 ♀ + 8 ♂ (ZJUH), Tongzhong, Shiwandashan, Guangxi, 3.xii.2001, ZF Xu (no. 20029971-4, -77-79, -80-82). INDONESIA: 2 ♀ (RMNH), W. Java: Djampang Tengah, 1634, M Walsh; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Udjung Kulon, Tjidaon, Java, 29.xi.1951, AMR Wegner. VIETNAM: 1 ♀ (RMNH), S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P., 50 km S. Buon Ma Thuot, Krong
<normalizedToken id="13C0300DA2FE56D2528707BAD73FC6AC" originalValue="K’Mar">K'Mar</normalizedToken>
, 550-600 m, 23-25.x.2005, near rainforest, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries; 1 ♀ (RMNH), id., but 590-840 m, 22-26.x.2005, Malaise traps 13-23; 1 ♂ (RMNH), N. Vietnam: Viet Try, Thuong Cuu, near Thanh Son,
<geoCoordinate id="AD52C6653A963B346E05DC76F396DE3B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="20.983334">20°59'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="848D738BF0F2BF4C293B98238153D6FE" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="105.13333">105°8'E</geoCoordinate>
, 350-400 m, 12-16.x.1999, R de Vries. MYANMAR: 8 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RMNH), S. Shan state, Burma, 1500 m, Taunggyi, 1.
<normalizedToken id="2B366A4508BB8375B23CE2857D9FBB48" originalValue="viii–">viii-</normalizedToken>
13.x.1934, R Malaise.
</paragraph>
<caption id="822CFE0B3BA6F8E38B73A8F4F92DA14D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="E829576FDE73BB22EB1FF774A3CCEF2F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName id="060C5C65674869A9DB2C6D97A1ACC3DA" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ropalidia</taxonomicName>
spp., habitus (♀). A
<taxonomicName id="40F4C2C9A07C878270B3DD75408B4E6A" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Ropalidia artifex</taxonomicName>
(de Saussure, 1854) B
<taxonomicName id="281E6EF4E7BC95E2BD1C44F127D8DB24" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia bicolorata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolorata">Ropalidia bicolorata</taxonomicName>
van der Vecht, 1962 C
<taxonomicName id="025086AB07A77AD2623CE6EDAAB31B0E" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia cyathiformis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyathiformis">Ropalidia cyathiformis</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius, 1804) D
<taxonomicName id="C5F24FD7F3621CE7B3AE56CCC652AF0E" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia fasciata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">Ropalidia fasciata</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius, 1804) E
<taxonomicName id="90DE781CC91AA1121A5BB354D1E303A2" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia flavopicta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavopicta">Ropalidia flavopicta</taxonomicName>
(Smith, 1857) F
<taxonomicName id="F4E8A238C07FF77FAF398DD624E0CA2E" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia hongkongensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hongkongensis">Ropalidia hongkongensis</taxonomicName>
(de Saussure, 1854)G
<taxonomicName id="AE11563CEA31A48D423D3AB538D69CDB" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia malaisei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaisei">Ropalidia malaisei</taxonomicName>
van der Vecht, 1962 H
<taxonomicName id="9779B19FE523F2D84285883D0B9C9A09" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia marginata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Ropalidia marginata</taxonomicName>
(Lepeletier, 1793) I
<taxonomicName id="F3FC7417EEEDFB523CAD18C9C70A045A" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia mathematica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mathematica">Ropalidia mathematica</taxonomicName>
(Smith, 1860) J
<taxonomicName id="5F864653F418307EE45EDD49F316344A" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia obscura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Ropalidia obscura</taxonomicName>
Gusenleitner, 1996.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FE1D5781855B59ADDE166D0FB76F6863" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="BD9BAEAED6CA2B5BBE1637F8F18540FE" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF23CCF32DFFE9A1F193CFE7240CF49A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Some specimens have the apical margin of the second metasomal tergite flattened, not convex as in typical specimens. In the species
<taxonomicName id="3D3F7D7C6430C1AE8711C69384ED89CC" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artifex">Ropalidia artifex</taxonomicName>
, there are two subspecies e.g.
<taxonomicName id="83BDF061613DC7640AF7DCACAEADA3BA" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex subsp. artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="artifex" subSpecies="artifex">Ropalidia artifex artifex</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CE397D50B4B5C401ED537F4EBA4AAE33" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex subsp. fuscata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="artifex" subSpecies="fuscata">Ropalidia artifex fuscata</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="225FAB14B1C442D925D7D0D0C6897651" author="van der Vecht, J" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="103 - 190" title="The Indo-Australian species of the genus Ropalidia (= Icaria) (Hym., Vespidae) (first part)." volume="18" year="1941">van der Vecht 1941</bibRefCitation>
. Up to date, no distinct morphological differences between them were found, and it is hard to formally treat them as two distinct species (
<bibRefCitation id="7ADE58E3B325892C0B05B9DE31BB7CBD" author="van der Vecht, J" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 72" title="The Indo-Australian species of the genus Ropalidia (Icaria) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) (second part)." volume="57" year="1962">van der Vecht 1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D811268A6BF966079193BFF10AF28E79" author="Nguyen, LTP" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="93 - 107" title="Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of Vietnam 3: Synoptic key to Vietnamese species of the polistine genus Ropalidia, with notes on taxonomy and distribution." url="10.1111/j.1479-8298.2006.00157.x" volume="9" year="2006">Nguyen et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The Chinese specimens belong all to
<taxonomicName id="0B59786A6A98074569019E127FAC7143" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ropalidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ropalidia artifex subsp. artifex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="artifex" subSpecies="artifex">Ropalidia artifex artifex</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5234B447325C4095AA62DCF84AF6B091" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="15F793F19156F1A20E5CE7736AFDD81C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="654FAAB716FB7844DF5A5832A213A8FC" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
China (Yunnan, Guangxi); Borneo; Java; Myanmar; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Vietnam (
<bibRefCitation id="FC6C7AB8D0C75BCF1CF17DD7882F1660" author="Kojima, J" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 96" title="Catalog of species in the polistine tribe Ropalidiini (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." volume="3199" year="1997">Kojima and Carpenter 1997</bibRefCitation>
and updated to 2006,
<bibRefCitation id="F0DBB702B1D29E6A857C526631D916D3" author="Nguyen, LTP" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="93 - 107" title="Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of Vietnam 3: Synoptic key to Vietnamese species of the polistine genus Ropalidia, with notes on taxonomy and distribution." url="10.1111/j.1479-8298.2006.00157.x" volume="9" year="2006">Nguyen et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="E592DFA0C4E5D188820CCE0ECBE3E8B4">Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete. Band 1. Pteridophyta bis Caryophyllaceae (2 nd edition): Registerzuband 1</mods:title>
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Najas
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(Willd.) Rostk. et Schmidt
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<paragraph id="1F6657792ACD344C742485C6995F4966" pageId="null" pageNumber="209">Biegsames Nixkraut</paragraph>
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Stengel niederliegend,
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1-2,5 cm lang, bis 1 mm breit, gerade;
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, diese mit 6-12
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auf derselben Pflanze.
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1
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. Frucht 2-3,5 mm lang, bis 1mm dick.
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des Samens: 30-40
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und Frucht:
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und Herbst.
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<emphasis id="BF2DCB7F0BD34A5300D2C093999567BE" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="209">Zytologische Angaben. 2n</emphasis>
=
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Material aus Nordamerika, innerhalb einer Population Chromosomenzahl einheitlich (Chase 1947); in
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(Material aus
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und Skandinavien) bisher nur die Zahl
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=
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gefunden; diese Sippe ist auch in Nordamerika
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und weiter verbreitet (
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und
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1958).
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Wie
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(Nr. 2).
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<emphasis id="9A91539C7CF0D066214D4E415A8830D5" italics="true" pageId="null" pageNumber="209">Verbreitung. Eurosibirisch-nordamerikanische Pflanze:</emphasis>
Nord- und Mitteleuropa (Britische Insem, Skandinavien,
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Staaten der USA). Verbreitungskarten von
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(1958) und Meusel (1964). - Im Gebiet:
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Gruppen.
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