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<document id="C0006521698FD691A7B5DE986AFC6F31" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638232858231" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lourenço, Wilson R." docDate="2012" docId="206D4140CB73FFECE557F9FEFC79D92E" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.146.1-7.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 146" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Palaeolychas weitschati Lourenco 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="DC543938CB76FFEBE603FFBDFFF6DC68" masterDocTitle="Further considerations on scorpions found in Baltic amber, with a description of a new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" masterLastPageNumber="7" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1699434672346" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5B35739807FB78E3E12B41A830BFE3EF">Further considerations on scorpions found in Baltic amber, with a description of a new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="73A820ED173C4650A9AB555A85E7BBD7">Lourenço, Wilson R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="50978A75E812355607837402D30A008B">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="189D2F9E7BA650F8249A38078D5E44AC">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="62851AB66D37623837367C2DDFBD2877">146</mods:number>
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<treatment id="206D4140CB73FFECE557F9FEFC79D92E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:206D4140CB73FFECE557F9FEFC79D92E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/206D4140CB73FFECE557F9FEFC79D92E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="E0DEA3DDCB73FFEEE557F9FEFA7CDA33" box="[852,1418,1603,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB73FFEEE557F9FEFA7CDA33" blockId="5.[852,1418,1603,1627]" box="[852,1418,1603,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="F333473ACB73FFEEE557F9FEFA7CDA33" box="[852,1418,1603,1627]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="6FC48BD5CB73FFEEE557F9FEFB31DA33" authority="Lourenco" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="2012" box="[852,1223,1603,1627]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Palaeolychas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weitschati" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB73FFEEE557F9FEFBAFDA33" bold="true" box="[852,1113,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Palaeolychas weitschati</emphasis>
Lourenço
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB73FFEEE2D2F9F9FAF8DA33" bold="true" box="[1233,1294,1604,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8183913FCB73FFEEE2D2F9F9FAF8DA33" box="[1233,1294,1604,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="30FFECD3CB73FFEEE31FF9F9FA74DA33" box="[1308,1410,1604,1627]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figures 2−3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStart-3="Figures 5−9" captionStartId-0="3.[192,268,1662,1685]" captionStartId-1="4.[192,278,1962,1986]" captionStartId-2="5.[192,268,1332,1355]" captionStartId-3="6.[192,278,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1441,191,1633]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1393,163,1933]" captionTargetBox-2="[191,1441,191,1302]" captionTargetBox-3="[210,1454,224,1761]" captionTargetId-0="figure-6@3.[192,1440,192,1632]" captionTargetId-1="figure-9@4.[192,1391,164,1065]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@5.[192,1440,192,1301]" captionTargetId-3="figure-9@6.[192,1511,215,1771]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="Figure 1: A general view of the oval to rounded piece of reddish-yellow amber (about 6 x 3 x1.2 cm in size) with the included scorpion (photo by J. Damzen)." captionText-1="Figures 2−3: Palaeolychas weitschati sp. n., male holotype. General view, dorsal and ventral aspects (photos by J. Damzen)." captionText-2="Figure 4: Palaeolychas weitschati sp. n., male holotype. Detail of the ventral aspect, showing the presence of a ‘milky’ substance. Coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum and pectines can, however, be partially observed (photo by J. Damzen)." captionText-3="Figures 5−9: Palaeolychas weitschati sp. n., male holotype. 5. Carapace and chelicerae, dorsal aspect. 6. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral aspect. 7. Ventral aspect showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum and one pecten. 8−9. Trichobothrial pattern. 8. Femur, dorsal aspect. 9. Patella, dorsal aspect." pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1−9</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0DEA3DDCB73FFECE53DF9C6FC79D92E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB73FFEEE53DF9C6FBE2DA86" blockId="5.[830,1440,1659,1774]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB73FFEEE53DF9C6FC51DAFA" box="[830,935,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="777F4EF4CB73FFEEE53DF9C6FC68DAFA" box="[830,926,1659,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
A possible adult male. Considering the slender pedipalps, the morphology of the mesosoma, the size and structure of the pectines and the global size, it is unquestionable a male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB73FFEEE53DF8ACFBF1DB2F" blockId="5.[830,1440,1809,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB73FFEEE53DF8ACFB9CDB40" box="[830,1130,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Type locality and horizon:</emphasis>
Samland Peninsula, Baltic coast. Eocene.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCBBA0DECB70FFEDE6C3F8B4FC82DB3A" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" startId="6.[192,278,1801,1824]" targetBox="[210,1454,224,1761]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB70FFEDE6C3F8B4FC82DB3A" blockId="6.[192,1441,1801,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB70FFEDE6C3F8B4FEA7DB48" bold="true" box="[192,337,1801,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 5−9:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6FC48BD5CB70FFEDE75BF8B6FDB4DB48" authority="Lourenço, 2012" authorityName="Lourenço" authorityYear="2012" box="[344,578,1803,1824]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Palaeolychas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weitschati" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB70FFEDE75BF8B6FDB4DB48" box="[344,578,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Palaeolychas weitschati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB70FFEDE448F8B6FD77DB48" bold="true" box="[587,641,1803,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8183913FCB70FFEDE448F8B6FD77DB48" box="[587,641,1803,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male holotype.
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB70FFEDE524F8B6FCCCDB48" bold="true" box="[807,826,1803,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">5.</emphasis>
Carapace and chelicerae, dorsal aspect.
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB70FFEDE2C5F8B6FB2EDB48" bold="true" box="[1222,1240,1803,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">6.</emphasis>
Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral aspect.
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB70FFEDE7F1F899FDF2DB51" bold="true" box="[498,516,1828,1849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">7.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum and one pecten. 8−9. Trichobothrial pattern.
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB70FFEDE79CF880FE47DB3A" bold="true" box="[415,433,1853,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">8.</emphasis>
Femur, dorsal aspect.
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB70FFEDE488F880FD6BDB3A" bold="true" box="[651,669,1853,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">9.</emphasis>
Patella, dorsal aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FF5BFDBADC95" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,588,230,253]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Total length 14.87</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FEB9FE5BDD73" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,429,260,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">(including telson)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FE9EFEAADD52" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,348,291,314]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Carapace:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FEFFFDC9DD31" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,322,345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- length 1.67</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FEDDFDC9DD1F" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,352,375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- anterior width 1.13</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FEC2FDC9DDFE" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,383,406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- posterior width 1.47</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FE23FDC9DDDD" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,414,437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Mesosoma length 4.60</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FE01FE2BDDBB" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,477,444,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment I:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FE66FDC9DD9A" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,475,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- length 0.93</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FE47FDC9DE79" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,506,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- width 0.73</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FDA5FE10DE47" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,486,536,559]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment II:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FD8AFDC9DE26" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,567,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- length 1.13</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FDEBFDC9DE05" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,598,621]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- depth 0.80</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FDC9FE19DEE3" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,495,628,651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment III:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FD2EFDC9DEC2" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,659,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- length 1.20</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FD0FFDC9DEA1" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,690,713]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- depth 0.80</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FD6DFE07DE8F" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,497,720,743]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Metasomal segment IV:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FD52FDC9DF6E" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,751,774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- length 1.47</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FCB3FDC9DF4D" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,782,805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- depth 0.73</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FC91FE1EDF2B" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,488,812,835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
Metasomal segment
<collectionCode id="CED56893CB71FFECE7CEFC91FE12DF2B" box="[461,484,812,835]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FCF6FDC9DF0A" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,843,866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- length 2.07</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FCD7FDC9DFE9" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,874,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- depth 0.67</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FC35FDC9DFF7" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,904,927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Telson length 1.80</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FC1AFDC9DFD6" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,935,958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Vesicle depth 0.47</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FC7BFEA2DFB5" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,340,966,989]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pedipalp:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FC59FDC9DF93" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,996,1019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- Femur length 1.20</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FBBEFDC9D872" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,1027,1050]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- Femur width 0.40</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FB9FFDC9D851" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,1058,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- Patella length 1.73</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FBFDFDC9D83F" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,1088,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- Patella width 0.47</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FBE2FDC9D81E" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,1119,1142]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- Chela length 2.40</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FBC3FDC9D8FD" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,1150,1173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- Chela width 0.40</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FB21FE68D8DB" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,414,1180,1203]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Movable finger:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6F3FB06FDC9D8BA" blockId="7.[240,588,230,1234]" box="[240,575,1211,1234]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">- length 1.80</paragraph>
<caption id="FCBBA0DECB71FFECE6C3FB4DFE09D948" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[192,257,1264,1287]">
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6C3FB4DFE09D948" blockId="7.[192,801,1264,1312]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB71FFECE6C3FB4DFED6D96F" bold="true" box="[192,288,1264,1287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Table 1:</emphasis>
Morphometric values (in mm) of the male holotype of
<taxonomicName id="6FC48BD5CB71FFECE6D9FAB6FE34D948" authority="Lourenço, 2012" authorityName="Lourenço" authorityYear="2012" box="[218,450,1291,1312]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Palaeolychas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weitschati" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB71FFECE6D9FAB6FE34D948" box="[218,450,1291,1312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Palaeolychas weitschati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8183913FCB71FFECE7CAFAB6FE09D948" box="[457,511,1291,1312]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6C3FAFBFD44D913" blockId="7.[192,801,1350,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB71FFECE6C3FAFBFECBD935" box="[192,317,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Depository:</emphasis>
The specimen is currently in the private collection of Jonas Damzen,
<collectingRegion id="6A003EB4CB71FFECE7EEFAD9FDCAD913" box="[493,572,1380,1403]" country="Lithuania" name="Vilniaus" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Vilnius</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="D0D3B0C6CB71FFECE444FAD9FD58D913" box="[583,686,1380,1403]" name="Lithuania" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6C3FA26FE81DB4A" blockId="7.[192,802,1435,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB71FFECE6C3FA26FEC5D9DA" box="[192,307,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Total length
<quantity id="6F3C5DB3CB71FFECE7CDFA26FDC8D9DA" box="[462,574,1435,1458]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4869999999999999" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="14.87">14.87 mm</quantity>
. Morphology somewhat similar to that of the other species of
<taxonomicName id="6FC48BD5CB71FFECE48FFA07FCEDD9B9" box="[652,795,1466,1489]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Palaeolychas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB71FFECE48FFA07FCEDD9B9" box="[652,795,1466,1489]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Palaeolychas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The new species is characterized by the combination of several particular characters: Sternum subpentagonal. Trichobothrial pattern A-β (beta). Anterior margin of carapace with a weak concavity. Telson with a long aculeus and a very strong subaculear tubercle. Pectines not rounded distally and with 15−15 teeth; fulcra absent. Genital operculum plates with a semi-oval shape, disposed horizontally. Tibial spurs present on legs III and IV but moderately marked. Metasoma with 10-8-8- 8-5 carinae; dorsal carinae on segments I to IV without spinoid granules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE6C3F8F4FC88DC95" blockId="7.[192,802,1865,1918]" lastBlockId="7.[830,1440,199,253]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB71FFECE6C3F8F4FE63DB08" box="[192,405,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Derivatio nominis:</emphasis>
Patronym is in honour of my colleague and friend, Dr. Wolfgang Weitschat, Hamburg, who introduced me to the study of Baltic amber scorpions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE53DFEA0FC34DD5C" blockId="7.[830,1441,285,1350]" box="[830,962,285,308]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="9AB02C44CB71FFECE53DFEA0FC34DD5C" box="[830,962,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Description:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE56DFE86FB3BDDC6" blockId="7.[830,1441,285,1350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Coloration: the general colour of the amber is yellowish, but the scorpion is reddish-brown to dark brown, including pedipalps and legs. The ventral aspect of the specimen is paler, more to yellowish.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A87BF056CB71FFECE56DFE0BFC79D92E" blockId="7.[830,1441,285,1350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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Morphology. Carapace weakly granular to smooth; anterior margin with a weak median concavity. Anterior median superciliary carinae vestigial; posterior median carinae absent; other carinae vestigial or absent. All furrows weak. Median ocular tubercle distinctly anterior to centre of carapace. Median eyes moderate in size and separated by more than one ocular diameter. Three pairs of lateral eyes. Sternum subpentagonal. Mesosomal tergites weakly granular; tergites I to
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with one longitudinal carina, weakly marked; tergite VII pentacarinated. Venter not well observed. Pectines can be observed, with 15−15 teeth; fulcra absent. Sternites not well observed; spiracles semi-oval. Metasomal segment I with ten carinae; segments II to IV with eight carinae; segment
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with five carinae; dorsal carinae of segments I to IV without spinoid granules. Vesicle elongated and smooth; aculeus long but shorter than vesicle, with a strong and spinoid subaculear tubercle. Cheliceral dentition partially observed; similar to the buthid
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(Vachon, 1963). Pedipalp femur pentacarinate; external and internal face without larger granules; patella with two dorsal and one internal carinae; internal face without spinoid granules; chela with vestigial carinae; all faces weakly granular, almost smooth. Dentate margins of fixed and movable fingers closed and not observed. Trichobothriotaxy of
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A-β (beta) (Vachon, 1974, 1975), possibly orthobothriotaxic; trichobothria
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e
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of femur distad of
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d
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. Leg tarsi with thin ventral setae. Tibial spurs present but moderately marked on legs III and IV
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.
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<paragraph id="31A6586DE18125E929071CAE9922A058" pageId="0" pageNumber="99555">Notes</paragraph>
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(
<bibRefCitation id="31CA6115A55B3393E13E63B6664B51E7" author="Forel, A." journalOrPublisher="Revue Zoologique Africaine (Brussels)" pageId="0" pageNumber="99555" pagination="352 - 353" refId="B7735049" refString="Forel, A., 1913. Fourmis de Nigerie. Revue Zoologique Africaine (Brussels) 2: 352 - 353" title="Fourmis de Nigerie" volume="2" year="1913">Forel 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5E4C45CBCF118A3DE27BA379C93D2954" author="Wheeler, W. M." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="99555" pagination="711 - 1004" refId="B7741538" refString="Wheeler, W. M., 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45: 711 - 1004" title="Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region" volume="45" year="1922">Wheeler 1922</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="07D8E3E602D062BE2FE217097389293D" author="Soulie, J." journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan. Serie Sciences." pageId="0" pageNumber="99555" pagination="85 - 106" refId="B7740544" refString="Soulie, J., Dicko, L. D., 1965. La repartition des genres de fourmis de la tribu des &quot; Cremastogastrini &quot; dans la faune ethiopienne et malgache. Hymenoptera - Formicoidea - Myrmicidae. Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan. Serie Sciences. 1: 85 - 106" title="La repartition des genres de fourmis de la tribu des &quot; Cremastogastrini &quot; dans la faune ethiopienne et malgache. Hymenoptera - Formicoidea - Myrmicidae" volume="1" year="1965">
<normalizedToken id="A0BA9B5FD9587FEF13E85A21CC1DF905" originalValue="Soulié">Soulie</normalizedToken>
and Dicko 1965
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A040E82A43C54F958FB2DAF725533B67" author="Taylor, B." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomology Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="99555" pagination="105 - 121" refId="B7741147" refString="Taylor, B., Adedoyin, S. F., 1978. The abundance and interspecific relations of common ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on cocoa farms in western Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomology Research 68: 105 - 121" title="The abundance and interspecific relations of common ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on cocoa farms in western Nigeria" volume="68" year="1978">Taylor and Adedoyin 1978</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6A382E34DAF951AFA13A20AC1EED452F" author="Taylor, B." journalOrPublisher="Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria Research Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="99555" pagination="1 - 65" refId="B7741066" refString="Taylor, B., 1979. Ants of the Nigerian forest zone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). III. Myrmicinae (Cardiocondylini to Meranoplini). Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria Research Bulletin 66: 1 - 65" title="Ants of the Nigerian forest zone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). III. Myrmicinae (Cardiocondylini to Meranoplini)" volume="66" year="1979">Taylor 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="801213C4214BE331CF20F50BE82907DD" author="Medler, J. T." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="99555" pagination="1 - 919" refId="B7739839" refString="Medler, J. T., 1980. Insects of Nigeria - Checklist and bibliography. 30: i-vii, 1-919. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 30 (1-7): 1 - 919" title="Insects of Nigeria - Checklist and bibliography. 30: i-vii, 1 - 919." volume="30" year="1980">Medler 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
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classification Fungi Russulales Russulaceae
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13.
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Figure 15
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</paragraph>
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Pileus 20-100 mm in diameter,
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to infundibuliform, dry, smooth, hairy toward margin, pale cream to cream or pale pinkish buff; margin bearded, incurved when young becoming straight to wavy in age. Lamellae adnate to decurrent, crowded, pale cream to pale pinkish buff. Stipe 25-50
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10-15 mm, equal, smooth, dry, pale pinkish buff to pale orange, becoming hollow. Context whitish to pale pinkish buff. Latex not abundant, white, unchanging. Odor fragrant. Taste acrid.
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Basidiospores 6-8.5
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4-6
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, Q = 1.2-1.5, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid; ornamentation forming an incomplete reticulum. Pleuromacrocystidia 25-55
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7-10
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5-9
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Originally described from Europe and apparently widespread with
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and aspen. It also appears to associate with certain herbaceous plants in alpine areas (China) based on publicly available sequences on GenBank isolated from ectomycorrhizal root tips. In the GYE, it occurs with
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and
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.
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
U.S.A. MONTANA: Deerlodge County, Anaconda Superfund site, under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
sp., 24 Sept 1996, CLC1045 (MONT); Park County, Gallatin Range, Cinnabar Basin, under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus tremuloides" order="Malpighiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremuloides">Populus tremuloides</taxonomicName>
, 1992, CLC539 (MONT); Silver Bow County, 23 Sept 2015, EB300-15 (MONT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Morphologically and molecularly (at least at the ITS region), material from the GYE is identical to European material (Figure 2B). In North America,
<bibRefCitation author="Hesler, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 841" title="North American species of Lactarius" year="1979">Hesler and Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
distinguish an
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="v." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pubescens var. betulae" order="Russulales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="variety" species="pubescens" variety="betulae">Lactarius pubescens v. betulae</taxonomicName>
(A.H. Sm.) Hesler &amp; A.H. Sm. based on yellowing latex among other subtle features, however yellowing latex was not noted in our collections. Further investigation of
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pubescens" order="Russulales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pubescens">Lactarius pubescens</taxonomicName>
in North America is warranted. The
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
associate
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius torminosus" order="Russulales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="torminosus">Lactarius torminosus</taxonomicName>
is similar, and closely related (Figure 2B) but its basidiomes are typically more pink colored and it has larger basidiospores (7.5-9.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.6-6.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius resimus" order="Russulales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="resimus">Lactarius resimus</taxonomicName>
(Fr.) Fr. is also similar, however it has strongly yellowing latex and flesh and larger basidiospores (7.0-9.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.3-7.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Heilmann-Clausen, J" journalOrPublisher="Danish Mycological Society" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 287" title="The genus Lactarius" year="1998">Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
). See comments under
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pseudodelicatus" order="Russulales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pseudodelicatus">Lactarius pseudodelicatus</taxonomicName>
for distinguishing features for that taxon.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Figure 15.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lactarius pubescens" order="Russulales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="pubescens">Lactarius pubescens</taxonomicName>
. Collection EB303-15 under
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
sp., Boise, Idaho, USA. Scale bar: 2 cm. Photo by E. Barge.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>