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<document id="6803C3E64819D8B00A48E8EF81C2A32A" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047" ID-ZooBank="CA37DEF5-365F-4B12-AC70-78C5E7EEA7BE" ID-publisher-id="124047" URI-arpha="53B18866-3DA7-592A-8A62-C8CF3F72D910" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/CA37DEF5-365F-4B12-AC70-78C5E7EEA7BE" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1722437473395" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huang, Mian &amp; Zhai, Hongxiu" docDate="2024" docId="9ED28E12F4695F1CAE60858338D7390C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1208: 259-274" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1208" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/124047/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Halichoanolaimus zhangi Huang &amp; Zhai, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CDC5A1AD-A09C-4716-A0DB-5D5336EE0B10" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="274" masterDocId="53B188663DA7592A8A62C8CF3F72D910" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda, Selachinematidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, China" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="259" pageNumber="259" updateTime="1722437854184" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="2D9DCF92C38076046C57C483D026A556" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8B74DFD48721DCE8263D1660B3FDD2BB">
<mods:title id="D0D410C3B3ABB3BE2D59A57B31E90AC4">Two new species of the genus Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda, Selachinematidae) from the intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9055E712797BC27D2155024F15303EA7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1453B6B017EC7CC49C31847CFDBF69F4">
<mods:roleTerm id="85DDF1EA0973A80E43B5ACA67F387062">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="50FA286D808D0C6AC22B7EA85545FCCE">Huang, Mian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="195440DCFBFBB388D8A71F5D37B726E8" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3343-1520</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="229362D662D3370311426095E735360E">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="67FF1AA4CB66042D33F8ECF3A1715147" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4A3E6427E70871AC00D1942D3CCC1390">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2C94A4A1A5DCC08A3A3029EAE7564C4E">Zhai, Hongxiu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F0F5575958B88552431D7DFA0872130A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0003-9549</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4B8CC30CD762F26D036FE5A6A50B790D">College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EE3CFE1611355A49B46A8A95931C86C3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9A1962013FC1D7FEB571ECFE9E78DD67">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="45B341EF3EDAC93BCC8202B7FB5169B9">
<mods:date id="3288CF37201197CD822216EB3B31B726">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="89D3AF4ABC2E3C49ABF032132A93F597" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5580BD2487631C466008B2C9E52EB951">2024-07-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0896920949B584DB7612E08E47D2FE5F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D274975A5B584DFE51702F5B38EB5CDA">1208</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="BC749EACEBF921071B3099BC9AB211E0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="31CDB893160F29C6F6BDA6875855625B">259</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="DC334925A3B62BD4199335263655F9A3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2201B62DFBB60A966157B05F6B1C3339" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E094CEDD067C0B737EF027872B0D2F1F" type="ZooBank">CA37DEF5-365F-4B12-AC70-78C5E7EEA7BE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9ED28E12F4695F1CAE60858338D7390C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13144511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13144511" ID-arpha="9ED28E12-F469-5F1C-AE60-858338D7390C" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/CDC5A1AD-A09C-4716-A0DB-5D5336EE0B10" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDC5A1AD-A09C-4716-A0DB-5D5336EE0B10" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDC5A1AD-A09C-4716-A0DB-5D5336EE0B10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9ED28E12F4695F1CAE60858338D7390C">
<subSubSection id="F6E204F00A8B3F8EC6E3292DFC73D70D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="123330419E493B8B0400D048C5394196">
<taxonomicName id="862AE39D35752E180F86E4C3C4F3D6BF" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8A31C5B8520808D059AC6637FD4CD7C2" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="34E5FB007E38806E6C655FF7C63A6C33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3733E3259AD1E9FE1BAAC0BC1888B21" type="description">
<paragraph id="508A0C1E0AB30EA70CBF3069D5A8F916">
<figureCitation id="6DCEFDD693E7FAE80511AD0700FCEF5F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Drawings of Halichoanolaimus zhangi sp. nov. A pharyngeal region of holotype B anterior end of holotype C cloacal region of holotype D posterior end of male 2. Scale bars: 30 μm (A, B, C); 50 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105353">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B6F941F12674E04A8E200155024EE293" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Microscopic images of Halichoanolaimus zhangi sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity and excretory pore (arrow) B anterior end of holotype, showing cephalic seta (arrow 1) amphidial fovea and cuticle pores (arrow 2) C posterior portion of male 2, showing spicules and tail D cloacal region of holotype, showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements. Scale bars: 20 μm (A, B, D); 50 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105354">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F479AC92BC90A87F1CC2978EFECFF43" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Microscopic images of Halichoanolaimus zhangi sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing lateral differentiation and somatic setae (arrow) B cloacal region of holotype, showing lateral differentiation and conical setae situated at two subventral sides of precloacal supplements (arrow) C anterior end of juvenile, showing buccal cavity and cephalic sensilla (arrow) D posterior portion of juvenile, showing the end of intestine (arrow). Scale bars: 20 μm (A, B, C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105355">5</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="BEE0A67AFB58AA49EC302B11485AB3B1" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Individual measurements of Halichoanolaimus zhangi sp. nov. (in µm except for ratios; -, null)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/57A5C85E535C5D2225E61EBF2E450241" tableUuid="57A5C85E535C5D2225E61EBF2E450241">Table 2</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2WAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="4157C053E2232432A2B1C1B624B6D68E">
<heading id="86796080EEF41DC76E057ABD65F83F20" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12428E7FAE933CB10CBBAF04475D6D88">
<materialsCitation id="175E93A1088C5782065D13BCFCDCCB40" county="Chinese Academy of Sciences" location="Type" municipality="Marine Biological Museum" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="69EB15B37F1434004D8A5ABC639E49A1" count="2" type="male">Two males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="A751B8A8B630982BF69B54A2C00A306B" count="1" type="juvenile">one juvenile</specimenCount>
were obtained.
<emphasis id="8A55891B5D1658422A8D10C6CCD18BE5" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="39F4B78AD8648519786F0E0E1481CCFA" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="1009D7D554135C7455D7404D4D1254B0" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
1 on slide 22 HSB- 11-2 - 1;
<emphasis id="ED112A258890E461E487A768E0185236" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="F5960A6456C41053DAD8B893D7518E87" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="B295FE1AC5F8027790EDE690EDF5431E" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
2 and juvenile on slide 22 HSB- 11-2 - 2.
<location id="78CB891A089A32B5DBF04CDA26035C61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9ED28E12F4695F1CAE60858338D7390C:78CB891A089A32B5DBF04CDA26035C61" county="Chinese Academy of Sciences" municipality="Marine Biological Museum" name="Type">Type</location>
specimens were deposited in the
<collectingMunicipality id="5DCCE7C750D88BC61F82481CED17433C">Marine Biological Museum</collectingMunicipality>
of the
<collectingCounty id="59B812B5C4D24A5F4093FB66A53620F7">Chinese Academy of Sciences</collectingCounty>
, Qingdao.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHXAE" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="5702C91B1F1F75769322D6ADF57FE543">
<heading id="ED7C274BF2F07CE8A48566C8E819D46B" reason="title">Type locality and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF9522B3140F4D7742FE3CD242404B1D">
<typeStatus id="62654AB3137DB35EDEC8135267D83965" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="81E5CBE81E7A8C33E1F496C70381F5AE" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
were found from intertidal muddy sediment at Rizhao coast along the Yellow Sea;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EQXAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[119.516667,35.300000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="BDC087B767188FEBB8C3AE54CFA54C70" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="35.3">35 ° 18 ' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="57A851127AC60ADC6CEE978486915575" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="119.51667">119 ° 31 ' E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="A2A9F5AB845450D85395E9570E204680" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2 cm</quantity>
sediment depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVXAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="67F42B8D2B8F3A16AFA71F880974C3B8">
<heading id="794DDAD78879F080721CBCACC3A3703C" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D5610867CD0C42DC405704EAB9A9BAE">The specific epithet “ zhangi ” is in honor of Professor Zhinan Zhang, a Chinese nematologist, in recognition of his contributions to nematode taxonomy.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEYAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="76B5408C84A9D91B6E60A17FA05DCC99">
<heading id="CE40FF0B3449140DCD4375E10EE9DEE3" reason="title">Measurements.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F7A57250B8DFDB0BAD19B13F32D3621">
All measurement data are given in Table
<tableCitation id="3BA89A062BEC6E8B1335E416DBE323A8" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Individual measurements of Halichoanolaimus zhangi sp. nov. (in µm except for ratios; -, null)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/57A5C85E535C5D2225E61EBF2E450241" tableUuid="57A5C85E535C5D2225E61EBF2E450241">2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="57A5C85E535C5D2225E61EBF2E450241" ID-Table-UUID="57A5C85E535C5D2225E61EBF2E450241" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/57A5C85E535C5D2225E61EBF2E450241" startId="T2">
<paragraph id="16B9A80F215C53DA57DA1A087DD8A360">
<label id="EB483EA361C2CBF8BF1F372C2D5DA79B">Table 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DBD5EF1683E1697D4F3B432AFEC14751">
Individual measurements of
<taxonomicName id="C5B9DFAABA96185C87E0BD9A60599A27" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6E65F6E0ACB37304B6220BF3115D94BC" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CD2F5A810095F07F70F4F88B4DB73AC" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(in µm except for ratios; -, null).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1F75394E46D9FD20CF288937862E238C">
<table id="TID0EQ4BG" rules="all">
<tbody id="1A89D4743AD8511E71A7A1ED2B398B96">
<tr id="0E08199A936CA13D669C071EDDF7CBDB">
<th id="206C6B96520ABC75DCA05358EE895438" colspan="1" rowspan="2">Characters</th>
<th id="DE6BC35B5228D02FD51DAD846605615D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
<th id="9D9CB86A9D9EE42E9735005E7A6C0E57" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Paratypes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="5A102AC71A1463EF33FB0EB2AC9074A7">
<th id="C7B26FA4A879CB35107045DA8F78D61E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">♂ 1</th>
<th id="A0B1522C7CC94D9CA839B28F94A04774" colspan="1" rowspan="1">♂ 2</th>
<th id="EAAD7177ECCDA68CF73BF857F1908687" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Juvenile</th>
</tr>
<tr id="F5ED1586067D39DFB6F73241D66B1709">
<td id="7157F204194818BDCEDC42C8E6ABA60D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Total body length</td>
<td id="4F05D0846278D84ABBC04B70D46E5D02" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3090</td>
<td id="545914297C8BC3A6CFAA84F97FF190F4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3075</td>
<td id="1FAF5860534216234D7D0BD329110441" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1940</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E54EC677210E4C03626D0E4B12370098">
<td id="8C433F11AB7B742990ED1ADEA89C930C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Maximum body diameter</td>
<td id="2D5669D3B28191DF5E9DBBA7982BFF30" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80</td>
<td id="4A49DBAFA5246AB801339192A718CECF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">79</td>
<td id="08056A8E8ED23D410FE4D246990DDB27" colspan="1" rowspan="1">62</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F1FBE102E07298A6DCB07C6F29E4FF00">
<td id="ABE2EED4797C7A75B6CFED13701A2DD1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Head diameter</td>
<td id="868434DA55E605D06DD4A3139588C0B0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">63</td>
<td id="89F37801F85E69AF74CC60BDD6CCFAEC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">60</td>
<td id="4780DC8BD046BDF53A9D8F4903A12E61" colspan="1" rowspan="1">35</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60819EDCA91B8ECA9176BC1692A23E18">
<td id="F56431E75EB41952BF71DF98A433558A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length of cephalic sensilla</td>
<td id="9BAB24FFFAE159AC8416CBF4C552AC95" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td id="820F1B0845EBAF0C63421CBCEA168926" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="8B09BCE59D19F8F5637FFC2299310918" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0728D08E5A31C797065EDDCDBA64D463">
<td id="FD684AC98C792D65E215116399B32A38" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Depth of buccal cavity</td>
<td id="37BF121989284C00CA719E6CDBF36449" colspan="1" rowspan="1">43</td>
<td id="DCF55809C4501BAE9450C15D9D5ED61F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">45</td>
<td id="9B645D1BADF12CF2000928D0788AB1E3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">32</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DAB22632D9581DB7E83A03B937CD28BC">
<td id="B0433809014EA870C3729D1622664DA0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Width of buccal cavity</td>
<td id="61EDC942522C229D4E24BC6EBDBE9F5E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">32</td>
<td id="79C685D57FC7FD9088E22908E3097F06" colspan="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
<td id="30B4C8EC530E6627D463CBAA664D8E5D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4AEFD2B480627A0E4C7BBE0CB08FBF07">
<td id="147A65B9DB3D29358EAADEFC500F845A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Width of amphid</td>
<td id="2AE95025E4C45221AD51FD8DDADFA941" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td id="7758D631B8CD4103C9D93281FC818CF4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
<td id="946FB4C28A6DB4674E0FC74188578FD3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4B4EDA3B093AE28BC7C20CC46E45D13D">
<td id="03A9EE425D1596B6C69419CA158A42B0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Amphid from anterior end</td>
<td id="18DFF7C9AD237D79D3BA2CF8F931537A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
<td id="FFBE12E9EC2668F75621D0F4CFCA6A28" colspan="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
<td id="AAD1DDF8E2EEE539C13E05F0107480D8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0DA197EBB6691353B018E05078D0980F">
<td id="C4E52A9280AE7D9A274D2E9694DC1E63" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length of pharynx</td>
<td id="57E0937232B6C48D291BD5538E52DBA9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">483</td>
<td id="AED70355555433D1D5772C35734CEEAF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">474</td>
<td id="1966D2ECBD6EB6ACCB081267B2372E1D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">332</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8B323013E30182094A0D2C6ABB556A4E">
<td id="59B374A3BADA2ED9BEB7A6AB27C848C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Body diameter at pharyngeal base</td>
<td id="B331E0ABDD2AF1D52638809E357B112E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">78</td>
<td id="9EB0EE27218DA5895CD72CA4910A4FBF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">76</td>
<td id="894D74AA9F35EBFCCFE446E6FBCFD299" colspan="1" rowspan="1">60</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F79E8E2F8F104F132107D42A5E580930">
<td id="48B3FC65433D133BF99A1A058ED2A497" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spicule length along arc</td>
<td id="0FE00FDC3BEAC4B5BC38279BEB9C5D5F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">115</td>
<td id="BCEF3162C9E94CB5BB0CB6BA61A7EB6D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">106</td>
<td id="3F1F8654CD9E785C979AEFAB60DB5530" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0C83B5727A313496053AFFEBD89A1E95">
<td id="A23A79537BEA20D5685496315F8577C7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Length of gubernaculum</td>
<td id="F7BA22345E49607F11EEBBBF6648E956" colspan="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
<td id="B66ED8D8A6A1FA16281B66EC20FEE9C8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">40</td>
<td id="512B26207C82FA7533DF3434EEBF616D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2BAFA0A1594EDC2CB3B75F149EF2CE31">
<td id="EE2A506323A88A7D1E9D917CBD8F33CE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of precloacal supplements</td>
<td id="16DC6F5F5D34D3FDD5494A2E5A3A35E9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td id="9E937A90768B4E4820AF2C77AE2E03C4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td id="4CFD0281A5D4A67F1F8CE7BBC625EA5D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9FB112685D4A634333C2C156185E0DD9">
<td id="3CE144C954862068E02EBF9509815A79" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Body diameter at cloaca</td>
<td id="A46D2BD0B4E9CA82FF7F981EACF40D50" colspan="1" rowspan="1">58</td>
<td id="0BD21189C833E8379D585AAE952DCA10" colspan="1" rowspan="1">52</td>
<td id="D6674C6D1D7AAB0FC8EED7A307507F11" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C7819F3CB7E97C8AEB022AB0AD10148D">
<td id="D45A4C3189F1282CB50BEB01BD03FBA5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Tail length</td>
<td id="0C0FE78366EBDA1FECFD4E852D02741F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">630</td>
<td id="7162A6124346DE9D30CE38300D9FF9FB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">590</td>
<td id="EF59A864A918DAE69AF0E0300A76A42C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">314</td>
</tr>
<tr id="249C04933CB74A96308B8201B718CB09">
<td id="FE0F50CCE3AA813B8E109927A2D52FB8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">a</td>
<td id="ED1EBAC86F4ACB293660757E2878EAC1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">38.6</td>
<td id="D35CFCED2DC8CCA940E4F132C626A2CB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">38.9</td>
<td id="9B295449B4FF787F42E288C45C09C123" colspan="1" rowspan="1">31.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="488367D9A3B7DAED5D9CFC25EB1B5C2D">
<td id="71717B2683786BC20A4DF124E90CCB2E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">b</td>
<td id="FA37FAD478D96900ED4B8BD1B32A5ED7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
<td id="010BA1E2C83891EAA74349214E5198CA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
<td id="73C076F566DF14A2C0957B0ED90E40FD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CFF47A74EBCFAAE2F19DED37AF41B917">
<td id="DE378B38F745805B9C1DD38142FEB39D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">c</td>
<td id="DE9EA2EE19123F91BA86E020F2377D49" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.9</td>
<td id="7A3A9F41CF2D612025299F58E1B28346" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.2</td>
<td id="F5C698D45443BD283D58B1F7CE72BB0E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A139B83ED9BBE1F997C803F525407484">
<td id="AAAF5AE746374B11D9AAFF04F35CB5A5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">c′</td>
<td id="1099F1D93F9613E0EEE310DDA1F8880E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.9</td>
<td id="399B383092B9242FE23A427A0EAAB4D5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11.3</td>
<td id="EDE6B2C638DE502A21B1F38D2AB93F36" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESBAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="8F440D1F7A7C0E56F193FCAC05E397BD">
<heading id="B49686A1B3D66D1731843A823ADFA7AD" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A653ED49D7D9A2068464F9217F793083">
<emphasis id="764A61F73A61562DC3BD7C74E9A09226" bold="true">Males.</emphasis>
Body cylindrical, tapering slightly towards posterior end. Cuticle with transverse rows of punctations. Lateral differentiation presents except to anterior half of pharynx with even punctations. Lateral differentiation consisting of slightly larger and more widely spaced punctations. Four longitudinal rows of pore complexes situated at sublateral sides of pharyngeal region (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CC89E93CE21B50262FD2ABDCF57C83E9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Microscopic images of Halichoanolaimus zhangi sp. nov. A anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity and excretory pore (arrow) B anterior end of holotype, showing cephalic seta (arrow 1) amphidial fovea and cuticle pores (arrow 2) C posterior portion of male 2, showing spicules and tail D cloacal region of holotype, showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements. Scale bars: 20 μm (A, B, D); 50 μm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105354">4 B</figureCitation>
). Each row with 10–12 pores. Cephalic region slightly rounded. Inner and outer labial sensilla papillose; four cephalic sensilla setiform, 4–5 µm long. Amphideal fovea multispiral with 3–3.25 turns, located at the level of the buccal cavity base, 27–28 µm from anterior end of body. Buccal cavity large, 43–45 µm deep, divided into anterior and posterior portions by two rows of 25 denticles. Anterior portion of buccal cavity cup-shaped, with three sets of three cuticularized rhabdions, terminating in three sets of paired denticles; posterior portion of buccal cavity narrower, cylindrical, surrounded by three Y-shaped pairs of cuticularized rhabdions with swollen bases, ca 20 µm long. Pharynx cylindrical, muscular, without anterior or posterior bulb; pharyngeal lumen cuticularized. Nerve ring difficult to distinguish. Secretory-excretory system present. Ventral gland small, situated at level of cardia; ampulla large, excretory pore situated at position of three corresponding body diameters from the anterior end. Cardia small, partially surrounded by intestine.
</paragraph>
<caption id="40A62A22C7CCEBCCDE7918E48EEA082F" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure3" ID-arpha="5B40C4DC-CEBD-5C98-8F2C-B67B30047D45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105353" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="346406D76C6861343B093CA271B24961">
<label id="1B43C72BA66DBFD7F36FA4848311C885">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8EC877BB0A52356832CC5FB5515B3FFD">
Drawings of
<taxonomicName id="5AF06780EC23F4DDB43810236356EF88" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F6D3D0FCDDF4F67DB6EF89B07E808385" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDB7B57A803F40D828CF5B64EDFEFBF8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="030A374F0B68A3B38C4EFC62F3E4EAED" bold="true">A</emphasis>
pharyngeal region of holotype
<emphasis id="1C68635A4DA86B26F5F42AE7DABD05A8" bold="true">B</emphasis>
anterior end of holotype
<emphasis id="713ECB8A987ED44FC1A8CB6B74085345" bold="true">C</emphasis>
cloacal region of holotype
<emphasis id="5A922A1E79F539D9B89C4CB4E0B737EA" bold="true">D</emphasis>
posterior end of male 2. Scale bars: 30 μm (
<emphasis id="C13D5CDCFC255A93FB1A50633323CAB8" bold="true">A, B, C</emphasis>
); 50 μm (
<emphasis id="0C156D5B0BFA0D2BA0B5EFC56E9EBBAE" bold="true">D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1C7854D7E772621A3999F0840366BC3D" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure4" ID-arpha="6C04DB15-006B-58FD-833F-724344E480DE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105354" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="B5C5FB7458FF9DFE9D05C71B6502BAC3">
<label id="F706C47A6F260A4AA58048713707AF96">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FCF6A04370D1B4E4C4BA502080F70903">
Microscopic images of
<taxonomicName id="26429BC830B66ADEEEDFAE55003F0A57" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EA1451102F450E0A363169EF551E15A9" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="333F135A874EA4C03C71BD05E6871D8A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="77D206A890ACB1655F418A1F879FBA5C" bold="true">A</emphasis>
anterior end of holotype, showing buccal cavity and excretory pore (arrow)
<emphasis id="E9E67BDBEC3432EA0B853538D976F8DA" bold="true">B</emphasis>
anterior end of holotype, showing cephalic seta (arrow 1) amphidial fovea and cuticle pores (arrow 2)
<emphasis id="D58F3F01631AEEA869DA8E3E1EF0E690" bold="true">C</emphasis>
posterior portion of male 2, showing spicules and tail
<emphasis id="ADEC186858C6CEFE5613F1F28E80D596" bold="true">D</emphasis>
cloacal region of holotype, showing spicules, gubernaculum and supplements. Scale bars: 20 μm (
<emphasis id="0D40C101D0481DF7F9D48804732AB951" bold="true">A, B, D</emphasis>
); 50 μm (
<emphasis id="403229B56C71C8D173DAB1E0A68F4517" bold="true">C</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="87C108119EFA7F6B00AF32E180E85AAA">Reproductive system diorchic with two opposed, outstretched testes. Anterior testis to the right or ventrally to intestine, posterior testis to the left side of intestine. Spicules paired, curved, gradually narrowing from proximal to distal end with pointed tip, ca 2 cloacal body diameters long. Gubernaculum rod-like, adjoining to the dorsal side of spicules. 7 papilliform precloacal supplements, the most posterior supplement located 14 µm from the cloaca; remaining supplements gradually increasing the spacing distance forward, from 9 µm to 26 µm to each other. Each supplement consists of conical papilla and an internal duct. Two rows of short conical setae situated at two subventral sides of the precloacal supplements region of body. Tail conical with a long posterior filiform portion, accounts for 92 % total tail length. A row of 5 caudal setae distributed at ventral side of tail conical part, 3–4 µm long. Caudal glands and spinneret present, 7 µm long.</paragraph>
<caption id="1C79C4B71A1B96F65FFA4466B053E513" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124047.figure5" ID-arpha="B0E397EC-9861-5B6D-9DF6-D4914787AF0B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1105355" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="A06B3830055FE5C409027F192B699443">
<label id="BD162072D712B298584AB1E231C6EF3B">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E05433BCB724072A06D943D143AF3E03">
Microscopic images of
<taxonomicName id="872E36A85C3BFB29D9CC8B063036260C" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BF579A874C0A3C52C2D9A6C979FB6973" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1F37B4A25381FD2E803A5101267DAD26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="A534F6361A2A39408CE1F1ED16657895" bold="true">A</emphasis>
anterior end of holotype, showing lateral differentiation and somatic setae (arrow)
<emphasis id="93AB076EAAEC6D86113CE4E2DBAE61F4" bold="true">B</emphasis>
cloacal region of holotype, showing lateral differentiation and conical setae situated at two subventral sides of precloacal supplements (arrow)
<emphasis id="56925287DE0A0A9366545B8D25383829" bold="true">C</emphasis>
anterior end of juvenile, showing buccal cavity and cephalic sensilla (arrow)
<emphasis id="A593B0037BB6A3D98F8CEF0F5AB2B521" bold="true">D</emphasis>
posterior portion of juvenile, showing the end of intestine (arrow). Scale bars: 20 μm (
<emphasis id="CC0FB98C5A7D3091D74F2FABD103B3E5" bold="true">A, B, C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8C0E0E96767FE83CE3EDE6AFB0DAA2EC">Female not found. Juvenile similar to males in body shape, and with a long filiform tail, except body size smaller, intestine with blind end.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKFAG" type="Differential diagnosis and discussion">
<paragraph id="D37D7B93ED5EDA159089A5D0DFB3C024">
<heading id="9A04CC5BC166067B14BA9206D7B0D987" reason="title">Differential diagnosis and discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEFDB8669EF69B8E50725E4185410B67">
<taxonomicName id="8FC2709D5F927367B1D86DB180E1AB18" authorityName="Huang &amp; Zhai" authorityYear="2024" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="zhangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="276420BD4DD611A938A4D95839D296FE" italics="true">Halichoanolaimus zhangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BC796DE8B25BCCCE9E4358091CF4BEB" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinct by lateral differentiation presenting posterior to the middle of the pharynx, amphideal fovea with 3.0–3.3 turns, spicules curved, gradually narrowing from proximal to distal end with pointed tip, 7 papilliform precloacal supplements, gradually increasing the spacing distance forward, two rows of subventral stout setae situated at precloacal region, tail elongated, filiform. The new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="363CE2DE66413F42257D645537861520" authority="Belogurov &amp; Fadeeva, 1980" authorityName="Belogurov &amp; Fadeeva" authorityYear="1980" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="possjetiensis">
<emphasis id="7820BA4F1F09BA57DAFEA3C69622FEB9" italics="true">H. possjetiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E040A5E3DFA1B8B5B99300524D857233" author="Belogurov OI &amp; Fadeeva NP" issue="5" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pagination="656-665" refId="B4" refString="Belogurov OI, Fadeeva NP (1980) Notes on the Genus Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda, Choanolaimidae) with the Description of Two New Species. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 59 (5): 656 - 665." title="Notes on the Genus Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda, Choanolaimidae) with the Description of Two New Species." volume="59" year="1980">
Belogurov &amp; Fadeeva,
<quantity id="4AFCDC93C53C9A7607F854620406402D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0291999999999994" unit="in" value="1980.0">1980 in</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
the filiform tail and number of precloacal supplements, but differs from the latter species by body slender (a = 38.6–38.9 vs body stout, a = 25.8–26.6), longer tail (c = 4.9–5.2 vs c = 8–8.3) and different gubernaculum (slender and straight vs. broad and hooked proximally in
<taxonomicName id="6C8B4A192F9064085C438063C35E5C55" authorityName="Belogurov &amp; Fadeeva" authorityYear="1980" class="Chromadorea" family="Selachinematidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chromadorida" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="possjetiensis">
<emphasis id="5A25B161EAA57CA0365D435F12F6EAEE" italics="true">H. possjetiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>