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<mods:title id="8985BC04AB31A52082CCBE3534E29F99">Hornmilben (Oribatida) [Dahl, Tierwelt Deutschlands, Teil 76]</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="835658C5411D028B4BF170C0590DE532" pageNumber="213">
<taxonomicName id="1C6E3898010345278A24A45078419456" ID-CoL="7QM9S" class="Arachnida" family="Ameridae" genus="Amerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polonicus">Amerus polonicus</taxonomicName>
Kulczynski, 1902 [113a,b]
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<subSubSection id="2CDB9EB0C8E0AA86B35C0FF0689FDE48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E26D4B1B8C246D6D71055B124207217A" pageNumber="213">Syn., Tax.: Berlese 1914; Beck &amp; Woas 1991; Mahunka 1996a (B); Perez-Inigo 1997 (B); Ghilarov &amp; Krivoluckij 1975</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83C52942EE6071D900F3E16E6ABF22BD" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="1593471CE1AF84F40B56EA8B783C0824" pageNumber="213">
- &quot;
<taxonomicName id="FE7D4C40FB19C62319E10792105B0B77" class="Arachnida" family="Ameridae" genus="Amerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troisii">A. troisii</taxonomicName>
&quot;: Sellnick 1928, Willmann 1931 (B). -?
<taxonomicName id="BEC30DC2E1EAA61F6521D47DD015F139" class="Arachnida" family="Ameridae" genus="Amerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lundbladi">A. lundbladi</taxonomicName>
Willmann, 1939 (b)(Madeira).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="060B66BED0EA594D11D08A3503FAFE00" pageNumber="213">
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: In
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.
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<subSubSection id="037F01D224CBE9E4D2C35AD11CD7D93C" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9A9B1B422E068F0101BE5F5FA667131A" pageNumber="213">
Verbreitung: Mittel- bis Osteuropa (u.a. Nordspanien, Deutschland,
<normalizedToken id="A7C34025812E558ED7B27925D9BE8190" originalValue="Österreich" pageNumber="213">Oesterreich</normalizedToken>
, Ungarn).
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="4CDF2DC75781AF5A08E6C437E0397EE9" LSID="2BA646EC-F6E4-5A0C-A409-D044C989F0CD" authority="(Schur) Graebn. et P. Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5 (2): 725 (1929)" authorityName="Graebn. et P. Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5 (2): 725" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Schur) Graebn. et P. Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5 (2): 725 (1929" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum subsp. hosteanum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="hosteanum">Aconitum moldavicum hosteanum (Schur) Graebn. et P.Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5(2): 725 (1929)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="0BCC7A0AE2C03D2203697EC68219D3E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="hosteanum">Aconitum hosteanum</taxonomicName>
≡
<taxonomicName id="CBB52DFA55A0AD55B5B74035D4743327" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="hosteanum">
<emphasis id="6E305694EF95EC102D1342169250446E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum hosteanum</emphasis>
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Schur, Verh. Mitth.
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. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 177 (1851) [nom. nudum] et Verh. Mitth.
<normalizedToken id="538BCF27B0E635F97FBCE6C8E3EAC7EB" originalValue="Siebenbürg">Siebenbuerg</normalizedToken>
. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 84 (1852) [nom. nudum] et Verh. Mitth.
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. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 49 (1853) *; GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/3924597; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/707441-1; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/707442-1; WFO: https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000517392; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/707442-1; BHL: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42660#page/87; BHL: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42660#page/534; BHL: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42660#page/701; JACQ: https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=351628; JACQ: https://www.jacq.org/detail.php?ID=351319; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.lw00201808; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.lw00150056
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="2DEBBAEAB53D3FC89B7406DADEF43360" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
≡
<taxonomicName id="699BEF5BAABAC6F30F44671EE6F28D81" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="56470F2EA91EB6CAA2A58BA6BF15741B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked] e
<taxonomicName id="461A53461AD93DACACEE9236E9C8AAEA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="hosteanum">
<emphasis id="67C4A834AED5EF6E04A224EDC3C50871" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum hosteanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schur)
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., Consp. Fl. Gal. Crit. 2: 213 (1908)
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<taxonomicName id="E8FE452AB2A76784A71BF2500A19A9E3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="hosteanum">Aconitum hosteanum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="D07713BEFD4EA9BB6592560CF8089BC6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="borbasii" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum subsp. f." order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="hosteanum" subSpecies="f.">Aconitum hosteanum f. borbasii</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="6CFE76DA38372344ED2A9167BA92824E" originalValue="Gáyer">Gayer</normalizedToken>
, Magyar Bot. Lapok 8: 316 (1909); BHL: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/201903#page/342
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<taxonomicName id="C04FD36EE62538E9057BE2A1CEF8361D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="hosteanum">Aconitum hosteanum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="AA0670089D116295A6ABB95A88C2938C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum subsp. var. var. geraniifolium" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="variety" species="hosteanum" subSpecies="var." variety="geraniifolium">Aconitum hosteanum var. geraniifolium</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="3171DA1010F9980BE0537C8756A9DC1B" originalValue="Grinț">Grinț</normalizedToken>
. in
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., Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 2: 499, 678 (1953)
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<taxonomicName id="818B19FF9CBD82095B56C381373B076F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="145B2E27C4A0B463C40B28E1D7832769" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="dissectifolium" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum subsp. f. var. australe" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="f." variety="australe">Aconitum moldavicum var. australe f. dissectifolium</taxonomicName>
(
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.)
<normalizedToken id="724CD88EA46E91C38F5894633E7800A3" originalValue="Grinț">Grinț</normalizedToken>
. in
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., Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 2: 497 (1953)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77FEB8E7CD76A79E4192736BC224C681" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="BD8905E9DF67175873C294550263F2BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="6C510526E71119E7F26F90A941A28A52" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="fragile" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum subsp. f. var. australe" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="f." variety="australe">Aconitum moldavicum var. australe f. fragile</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="1D35F8F6ABAFBBCC9D54743AA8BD5D64" originalValue="Grinț">Grinț</normalizedToken>
. in
<normalizedToken id="EE88558D6ABE260EFD037096E1CBC725" originalValue="Săvul">Săvul</normalizedToken>
., Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 2: 496, 676 (1953)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7CC7857DFA637BDA4E269283623D33D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="51962DE04BAA8271C3C90A55C420005A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="ED42F1CECF5CB9E465EBF9286AD30179" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="grandiflorum" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum subsp. f. var. australe" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="f." variety="australe">Aconitum moldavicum var. australe f. grandiflorum</taxonomicName>
(Schur)
<normalizedToken id="8C89405782A65AAE8408D5B4E0C70EF3" originalValue="Grinț">Grinț</normalizedToken>
. in
<normalizedToken id="66D641474DBBAFCC2C89A9E60B8A40C6" originalValue="Săvul">Săvul</normalizedToken>
., Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 2: 497 (1953)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01C04D293D74E49DCCFC0F6DBC21A9AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="8A227026009314B1A02C1D9CA03C217E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="3FBB19C17F533483C44629BC0B8335AA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="leopoliensis" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum subsp. f. var. australe" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="f." variety="australe">Aconitum moldavicum var. australe f. leopoliensis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="9FD829D7D70099FBC467BA275BB4C915" originalValue="Zapał">Zapal</normalizedToken>
.)
<normalizedToken id="23D176BD71DC82A64918B2B734B94418" originalValue="Grinț">Grinț</normalizedToken>
. in
<normalizedToken id="AFF8037522C6964D68DB35EA9622C2A0" originalValue="Săvul">Săvul</normalizedToken>
., Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 2: 497 (1953)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB9236AB63067A99C79C1BC4EA9CEE38" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="05B5FDE9BE49EAF8721D99B826FAEF06" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="10B2FEC32CD8EDB16A56A4656A3042AD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="obtusidentatum" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum subsp. f. var. australe" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="f." variety="australe">Aconitum moldavicum var. australe f. obtusidentatum</taxonomicName>
Simonk. ex
<normalizedToken id="23782D7C374BF9B606AADA29452483DF" originalValue="Gáyer">Gayer</normalizedToken>
, Magyar Bot. Lap. 8: 315 (1909); BHL: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/201903#page/341; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00017686; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00017691; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00017689; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00017685; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00017687; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00017688; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00017690
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D4164B946F1ECE8A4775E232D491749" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="2563A3EF8C25D953ED9C7F7AE3B9A653" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="5E8B18BA02428811959DA1FC669EE574" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="thyraicum" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum subsp. f. var. australe" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="f." variety="australe">Aconitum moldavicum var. australe f. thyraicum</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="156BAD390F1AD77913B164471FB90985" originalValue="Błocki">Blocki</normalizedToken>
)
<normalizedToken id="342E5B00E2FCC18AEE4747A70AE6DA06" originalValue="Grinț">Grinț</normalizedToken>
. in
<normalizedToken id="63A5CEAD49EFF49EBB9371E7D4DF3B09" originalValue="Săvul">Săvul</normalizedToken>
., Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 2: 497 (1953)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F90D93926F14E2C76D4D33ED5A47FFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="24AAC5A0ECD23B772F9A759728530C18" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="921B9D4CF33626E368170D8B30669577" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="47418BEE27C0B0166D567F7A7D939AD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked] a
<taxonomicName id="0AB1CC627CCCECC9654A45F6D66C9B36" authority="dissectifolium" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum dissectifolium</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="E94848B057BA258DDE6DABF5F31DAC3D" originalValue="Zapał">Zapal</normalizedToken>
., Consp. Fl. Gal. Crit. 2: 212 (1908)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F0C3DC5C0A4363F78EE483659CF0E747" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="BC181C90C255B4A77C80E37940D066C6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="3524CF0807992699B2C7C915F45AAABA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="646AB0CE201534F2683CDEF3E69DADA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked] b
<emphasis id="3381C0AB356046CBBFC9F43AE9B50D87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">grandicassum</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="361D9B9E73B4A31DC31E66CD3BAEF11A" originalValue="Zapał">Zapal</normalizedToken>
., Consp. Fl. Gal. Crit. 2: 212 (1908)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CBAAA5854186F8E05378E483350FC118" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="DDD3EA54D263C40B0A20F03CB7DC07AD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="2FCFBA51E363EB1900A91AAE9814EF6F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="26B6F1655E1BC1B72D880A53C1B2BAF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked] c
<taxonomicName id="704FCF7A785D93D2BB8A7734D3C15B15" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Doronicum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Doronicum grandiflorum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflorum">
<emphasis id="24743E87743C90C93524F38B50666278" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Doronicum grandiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 32 (1866)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0941BD591959249C4A6DF6D354FD2489" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="687F88E1991F726579302EA089D1D21E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="572C5CAC32DDD0BC316F934F3F04E138" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="43CD1DEDD41A78EFE52E42AEB43EE326" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked] d
<emphasis id="462C5C0D2C082E19259B18A8E43130F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">leopoliense</emphasis>
<normalizedToken id="07E8DD9971A6C0CAB50C9E4D984F064A" originalValue="Zapał">Zapal</normalizedToken>
., Consp. Fl. Gal. Crit. 2: 213 (1908)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="13185461B324C01D4375D09EFD728402" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="D69C39F9885E79D2FD844AFD01E03F20" authorityName="Blocki" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum thyraicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="thyraicum">Aconitum thyraicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="051AAF156C8A3432D5A44472F2511446" authorityName="Blocki" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum thyraicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="thyraicum">
<emphasis id="62591A395FB8C3C9A8CA3B59011A97CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum thyraicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="AC3A811909EAB176588498CD390F75CB" originalValue="Błocki">Blocki</normalizedToken>
, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 1: 59 (1895) *; GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/7986865; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/707888-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000518189; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/2619630-4; BHL: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38475#page/71; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.l0821162; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.bm000613637; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00018562; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.hbg508762; JSTOR Global Plants: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.je00018563
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06AE1775EB8C74A42D43C32E7169D76A" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="E14BB5C7C78DFA78FD50982D2AF5F9AF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="9512D44FC10E3330B70A0DF5892C27E6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="FEDF23ADC89E9DD12C030520A7C7DFD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked] e
<taxonomicName id="AA8FC154E6F3A01A22DE5F5BB9C46F49" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="czywczynense" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum subsp. f." order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="hosteanum" subSpecies="f.">
<emphasis id="7D104524B6EB525851707EF8831BBE07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum hosteanum f. czywczynense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="293214F489363321B016AE79FB8C1AF5" originalValue="Zapał">Zapal</normalizedToken>
., Consp. Fl. Gal. Crit. 2: 213 (1908)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E619D25CD985696E68EB1D16C94C6B98" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="F72F23F9F674D914E9C239A4F0C4DE23" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="06AF2717E6F22D2D77909DF79A4A6760" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="7A5A953C0320E0545CFA0F440921E7FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked] e
<taxonomicName id="BFB2DDF78A413AA664334F96D6812BEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" form="rodnense" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum hosteanum subsp. f." order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="hosteanum" subSpecies="f.">
<emphasis id="185046B4EAFA05E8CF732D255F1BA8B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum hosteanum f. rodnense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="F10B53AF73BEAF064A4BEF8B93168DF9" originalValue="Zapał">Zapal</normalizedToken>
., Consp. Fl. Gal. Crit. 2: 213 (1908)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F9C630B547B2D47AE9A337C39DE2806" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="3B19BA9B7479E0510BFD9CC1B1E26927" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="2702249CC2E21BC8368626DC18FC6A4A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="D81920F7DC2531120C9A47B25AB339B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hacq., Reis. Dac. Sarm. Karpathen 1: 169 (1790) et Hacq. ex Rchb., In:
<normalizedToken id="8ED35A69E29ABBCF51A174F17D3B1C97" originalValue="Übers">Uebers</normalizedToken>
. Gen. Acon.: 67 (1819) [p. p.]; GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/8058146; GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/7276954; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/77319987-1; WFO: https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000517651; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/77319987-1
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="139947712B437D7BEBA58D65E67BA10E" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="7ADF68CD4D91698BE7C90A2CF058C4D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Aconitum moldavicum</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="6BE755952297276F216F3C98BF9F121D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum moldavicum subsp. var. var. australe" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="variety" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="var." variety="australe">Aconitum moldavicum var. australe</taxonomicName>
(Rchb.)
<normalizedToken id="6BDDD7FE958A41A8BE1462F8F58A6C06" originalValue="Grinț">Grinț</normalizedToken>
. in
<normalizedToken id="66DAC51D0E9FDA6DD4A02A01EA9C9E55" originalValue="Săvul">Săvul</normalizedToken>
., Fl. Rep. Pop. Rom. 2: 496 (1953) [p. p.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E705E3DC4177DFC3604F7C3D0BDE93F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="F8E04A3F4960A00D511FEF313CDA4EF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Delphinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Delphinium moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">Delphinium moldavicum</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="0854FCCA3A820ACC2867E8CA1247C547" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Delphinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Delphinium moldavicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="8554E9AB927F7DDED0ACD2B732ACA7A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Delphinium moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hacq.)
<normalizedToken id="769BBE80904F6A4076835D5F6DA11BCA" originalValue="Bránadza">Branadza</normalizedToken>
, Prodr. Fl. Rom.: 11 (1879) [p. p., nom. inval.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FD95DB714C57657B169C63D35953805" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="1E32E2794A271EEA1E44DB899C721E68" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6FB73FA940D7A31E56D0020D486A1209" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
In Ukraine - LC (
<bibRefCitation id="0D2455B15DC051E3C2C6B95FC005A6C2" author="Onyshchenko, V. A." journalOrPublisher="M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" refId="B9530125" refString="Onyshchenko, V. A., Mosyakin, S. L., Korotchenko, I. A., Danylyk, I. M., Burlaka, M. D., Olshanskyi, I. H., Shiyan, N. M., Zhygalova, S. L., Tymchenko, I. A., Kolomiychuk, V. P., Novikov, A. V., Chorney, I. I., Kish, R. Y., Shevera, M. V., Fedoronchuk, M. M., Protopopova, V. V., 2022. IUCN Red List categories of vascular plant species of Ukrainian flora. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv" title="IUCN Red List categories of vascular plant species of Ukrainian flora" year="2022">Onyshchenko et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F08AA3EF05E6843B54C65A1F6014B7EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DDC26BB3CD059FA0E3CF40695C581925" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61B59E45FB73B9C3A2678ED77D583C36" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Pancarpathian subendemic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF6DE80A88DD3B058222AB39A9B15DE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" type="notes">
<paragraph id="4B6C9B17F4DE6746AF81CA810854B921" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6CF73BBD98746F717745D8DF09AB6E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
Following the Worldplants (https://www.worldplants.de/world-plants-complete-list/complete-plant-list?name=Aconitum-lycoctonum, accessed on 06.06.2023), CoL (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5FDJJ, accessed on 06.06.2023) and GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/3923267, accessed on 06.06.2023), they provide outdated taxonomy for
<taxonomicName id="E8D7CA5EFD2474ABF9E13CAAC5AC526A" lsidName="A. moldavicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="251D31E3AF54048C14DBF4C1EC1B0EAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hacq. and consider it belonging to
<taxonomicName id="281E9C21BEE5F810F203802D936F652B" lsidName="A. lycoctonum subsp. moldavicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="subSpecies" species="lycoctonum" subSpecies="moldavicum">A. lycoctonum subsp. moldavicum</taxonomicName>
(Hacq.) Jalas. Such consideration is based, perhaps, on the research of
<bibRefCitation id="3DCEFD60C37C18BEBDEF9992C3CCE602" author="Utelli, A. B." journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="195 - 212" refId="B9535198" refString="Utelli, A. B., Roy, B. A., Baltisberger, M., 2000. Molecular and morphological analyses of European Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 224: 195 - 212" title="Molecular and morphological analyses of European Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae)" volume="224" year="2000">Utelli et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, who showed the phylogenetic affinity of
<taxonomicName id="E701FE75552850FF4E2B5936B2BFDB3A" lsidName="A. moldavicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="1913CCF455C53D6679730B27ED1A8F18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B6869F5092C9F0FB5CB2951B6E83CC93" lsidName="A. lycoctonum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="lycoctonum">
<emphasis id="834E5EB15C3BEAE38AD03BEC5C5954D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. lycoctonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. in Europe and proposed to delimit its morphs as subspecies.
<bibRefCitation id="DDDB665634DA6B4D3E87DCB5AB1325C1" author="Mitka, J." journalOrPublisher="Modern Phytomorphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="9 - 18" refId="B9528530" refString="Mitka, J., Boron, P., Sutkowska, A., 2013. Holocene history of Aconitum in the Polish Western Carpathians and adjacent regions: long-distance migrations or cryptic refugia? Modern Phytomorphology 3: 9 - 18" title="Holocene history of Aconitum in the Polish Western Carpathians and adjacent regions: long-distance migrations or cryptic refugia?" volume="3" year="2013">Mitka et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="48AB6BF30212BF850709B4755D2BD2A4" author="Mitka, J." journalOrPublisher="Modern Phytomorphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="5 - 15" refId="B9528539" refString="Mitka, J., Boron, P., Novikoff, A., Wroblewska, A., Binkiewicz, B., 2016. Two Soldanella major groups of chloroplast DNA haplotypes in diploid and tetraploid Aconitum subgen: Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) in the Carpathians. Modern Phytomorphology 9 (Suppl.): 5 - 15" title="Two Soldanella major groups of chloroplast DNA haplotypes in diploid and tetraploid Aconitum subgen: Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) in the Carpathians" volume="9" year="2016">Mitka et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
have further discussed and stressed this question in the context of the biogeography of the genus
<taxonomicName id="29F04C0C7643471B0D0895EFC0E3B71E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Aconitum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aconitum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E3647614DD112B998E49E4A957603811" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Aconitum</emphasis>
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L. in the Carpathians. Anatomical studies (
<bibRefCitation id="17114308D250ED46F697F83B5729FEB8" author="Novikoff, A. V." journalOrPublisher="Studia Biologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="109 - 114" refId="B9528679" refString="Novikoff, A. V., 2010. Some features of anatomical structure of the stem of Aconitum moldavicum Hacq. and Aconitum lycoctonum L. em. Koelle (Ranunculaceae). Studia Biologica 4 (1): 109 - 114" title="Some features of anatomical structure of the stem of Aconitum moldavicum Hacq. and Aconitum lycoctonum L. em. Koelle (Ranunculaceae)" volume="4" year="2010">Novikoff 2010</bibRefCitation>
) also showed that, besides the common features (well-developed differentiated two-layered lignified parenchymal ring and occurrence of peripheral vascular bundles in the stem),
<taxonomicName id="3906CBE5A0AEFEE74CA4499D851B33E1" lsidName="A. lycoctonum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="lycoctonum">
<emphasis id="542BD51DD548AD4D988EDE31F8DCBDE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. lycoctonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="710C191BA0FDC9CDA2F0013D3645E09E" lsidName="A. moldavicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="AA7C3A542D55AF39DB8BC92EA523CC0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ by the position of sclerenchymatous strands supporting the vascular bundles in their stems. In
<taxonomicName id="ED53B599700FF17FF4504B4C83F0AA82" lsidName="A. moldavicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="97C0AA9F99B8B4D57CDC4BB7343FA9A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the parenchyma layer is present between the vascular bundles and sclerenchymatous strands, while, in
<taxonomicName id="429EED4DEFC66D2047E0CA4A28905F25" lsidName="A. lycoctonum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="lycoctonum">
<emphasis id="B887D67E48BD378B3024D73269489F21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. lycoctonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is absent. Morphological variation allowing to delimit subspecies within
<taxonomicName id="6D802E8431F04EE70175802F750C1248" lsidName="A. moldavicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="B9A242211E2CCA1853C3FF8AFEAFADE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. moldavicum</emphasis>
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was not taken into account by
<bibRefCitation id="123DDE740BEE94EEF28F535B9F8730B7" author="Utelli, A. B." journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="195 - 212" refId="B9535198" refString="Utelli, A. B., Roy, B. A., Baltisberger, M., 2000. Molecular and morphological analyses of European Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 224: 195 - 212" title="Molecular and morphological analyses of European Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae)" volume="224" year="2000">Utelli et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, but was studied in detail by
<bibRefCitation id="F5B6F3347C31AAC1A08EBADB694C8C96" author="Mitka, J." journalOrPublisher="Roczniki Bieszczadzkie" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="233 - 252" refId="B9528512" refString="Mitka, J., 2008. Aconitum moldavicum Hacq. (Ranunculaceae) and its hybrids in the Carpathians and adjacent regions. Roczniki Bieszczadzkie 16: 233 - 252" title="Aconitum moldavicum Hacq. (Ranunculaceae) and its hybrids in the Carpathians and adjacent regions" volume="16" year="2008">Mitka (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. Hence,
<taxonomicName id="07012E1873B2B044EB270064A70EB335" lsidName="A. moldavicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="15E6931F2A12F9484959BD8DD8A01A10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently considered an independent species with a developed infraspecific structure (
<bibRefCitation id="A91044140D688B44189071032EB548BF" author="Mitka, J." journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Polonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="7 - 25" refId="B9528550" refString="Mitka, J., Koziol, M., 2009. Aconitum moldavicum (Ranunculaceae) na Wyzynie Malopolskiej. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Polonica 16 (1): 7 - 25" title="Aconitum moldavicum (Ranunculaceae) na Wyzynie Malopolskiej" volume="16" year="2009">
Mitka and
<normalizedToken id="FBEA6A7E8200573F7F308CED3505EEF8" originalValue="Kozioł">Koziol</normalizedToken>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E27B93480F2C19D2E20CF05F387DD29B" author="Novikov, A." journalOrPublisher="Plant Introduction" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="50 - 64" refId="B9528717" refString="Novikov, A., Mitka, J., 2020. Spatial analysis and distribution modeling of Aconitum moldavicum in Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent territories with special reference to the algorithm used. Plant Introduction 85-86: 50 - 64" title="Spatial analysis and distribution modeling of Aconitum moldavicum in Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent territories with special reference to the algorithm used" volume="85 - 86" year="2020">Novikov and Mitka 2020</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="0A073A0E1DC1BB1478CA358BB5BEDE75" author="Novikov, A." journalOrPublisher="Plant Introduction" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="50 - 64" refId="B9528717" refString="Novikov, A., Mitka, J., 2020. Spatial analysis and distribution modeling of Aconitum moldavicum in Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent territories with special reference to the algorithm used. Plant Introduction 85-86: 50 - 64" title="Spatial analysis and distribution modeling of Aconitum moldavicum in Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent territories with special reference to the algorithm used" volume="85 - 86" year="2020">Novikov and Mitka 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3BFF98208529DFB7349A633B21D45990" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
GBIF (https://www.gbif.org/species/11040564, accessed on 06.06.2023) has a technical mistake and provides the name
<taxonomicName id="5C3FEF7E28BEF478A1D3AB9CC0B580B8" lsidName="A. moldavicum subsp. nothoconfusum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="subSpecies" species="moldavicum" subSpecies="nothoconfusum">A. moldavicum subsp. nothoconfusum</taxonomicName>
(Grin.) A.Novikov - it should be
<taxonomicName id="7340775F747FFD3F2F975F212531A476" lsidName="A. moldavicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" rank="species" species="moldavicum">
<emphasis id="489227D64C6B19B36240E9D4B5617E4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">A. moldavicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nothosubsp.
<emphasis id="F812287D71A6411B978E219577B2F768" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">confusum</emphasis>
(Grinƫ.) A.Novikov.
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<materialsCitation id="46010A62E06249A1E87989DB69177A11" collectingDate="2018-04-27" collectingDateMax="2018-05-07" collectingDateMin="2018-04-27" collectingMethod="Sweep net, Pan traps, Sweep net, Pan traps" country="Serbia" county="Occurrence" location="Cenej, Srbobran" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Srbobran" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis id="8987D0CDDC0E70EAAB43CCFD8D7CB19E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="D126E22204A98AE3973AC4C9FBEBD5AA" collectingDate="2018-04-27" collectingDateMax="2018-05-07" collectingDateMin="2018-04-27" collectingMethod="Sweep net, Pan traps, Sweep net, Pan traps" country="Serbia" county="Occurrence" location="Cenej, Srbobran" municipality="Location" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Srbobran" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus id="C27F1427ABBE4CD604BF4850886A36BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis id="8B8DD5865E8253F908CA3B432E2309A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">
<collectingCounty id="82D6190EE181C9549EADD28F025C40AA">Occurrence</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
individualCount:
<specimenCount id="603C3BD58933F7948E0F53EF32DB34BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
; behavior: primary/secondary parasitoids, larval/pupal; occurrenceID:
<uuid id="82BCF1333B3AB91800FAAC7DF300435D">3AFD2F76-5B82-5461-9D51-BB9993A1B4AF</uuid>
;
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<collectingMunicipality id="84FE915008DB62605728FE0AD2A0B95C">Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry id="6F754108FD2ED7D76F7B2035EF2A1F0F" name="Serbia" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">Serbia</collectingCountry>
; locality:
<location id="3FC58BF892DCF72155D0AC2772245366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BA65EB3634557338C78D5B38E644332:3FC58BF892DCF72155D0AC2772245366" country="Serbia" county="Occurrence" municipality="Location" name="Cenej, Srbobran" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118" stateProvince="Srbobran">
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<location id="5B85B9030AD1975DA376BEA29B99C9F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BA65EB3634557338C78D5B38E644332:5B85B9030AD1975DA376BEA29B99C9F0" country="Serbia" county="Occurrence" municipality="Location" name="Cenej" stateProvince="Srbobran">Cenej</location>
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,
<collectingRegion id="732DA47D8308F312EA44FAB0219D9AF0" country="Serbia" name="Srbobran">Srbobran</collectingRegion>
</location>
;
<emphasis id="6AEC355A381EADFAE850C7E5A35D1DC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">
<location id="09E18B6BDFF03CF85765B0B4E48EF674" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BA65EB3634557338C78D5B38E644332:09E18B6BDFF03CF85765B0B4E48EF674" country="Serbia" county="Occurrence" municipality="Location" name="Event" stateProvince="Srbobran">Event</location>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod id="FACC1F1B16ECB281BA1C68C0428AF77E" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">
<collectingMethod id="1A1C8FA8E47338AC3F2BBD1335B5DE90">Sweep net</collectingMethod>
,
<collectingMethod id="BEAABC6F00DCBE336EC53E72C4AAEB8B">Pan traps</collectingMethod>
</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate id="654990062E353DBBCB650717EF5575B4" value="2018-04-27">27.04.2018</collectingDate>
, 04-
<collectingDate id="A623843F6AECDC0E9E99A827E31BE255" value="2018-05-07">07.05.2018</collectingDate>
; habitat: oilseed rape
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6147410512DE8FEB6FD02C1B80FBFB10" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118" type="parasite of">
<paragraph id="537A196210DC3461605E67094E52F1A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">Parasite of</paragraph>
<paragraph id="360DFFBC39FFD3DB18D8AB2DA5814B3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">
<taxonomicName id="A950E5066B28401D512DAEB35BC35BA7" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Hexapoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="925401EBEC6A9713D55AA5CC996A28C4" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="16D0CB36FFCD91A4238CCE9222CA36F0" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Hexapoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="51E734E519931DD4F8FFB556BB815854" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118" type="notes">
<paragraph id="E99F48E5B04D2FF9BCD8C46CEC8F0C14" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D30C17389DD7207D8316D7770556D9B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="110118">oilseed rape pest host: unknown</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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75
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119
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(.Emery)
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<paragraph id="C963CC976CDCC7D07FA681DA6E5B182C" pageNumber="120">Text Figures 28, 29, 30, and 31</paragraph>
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Worker.-Length 7 to 8.5 mm. Similar to the worker of
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but smaller, smoother and more shining, and much more finely punctate, with the frontal carinae somewhat farther apart and more nearly parallel. The mandibles have less oblique apical borders and are smooth and shining and sparsely punctate, not coarsely striated as in
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; the mesonotum is shorter and semicircular; the epinotum in profile somewhat lower and more rounded; the petiole bears on its ventral surface a single large acute, backwardly directed spine, instead of two spines, and the postpetiole has in the same relative position a smaller spine of similar shape, representing the larger, blunter projection of
<taxonomicName id="6962679F556642E379F47DA021E62F2D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:160183" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima aethiops (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">aethiops</taxonomicName>
. The erect hairs and pubescence on the body are distinctly more abundant in
<taxonomicName id="2597D3578808F8A3040B8B0A8FB61E9E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178138" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima latifrons (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">latifrons</taxonomicName>
, and the clypeus has a conspicuous fringe of yellow ciliary bristles, which are not developed in
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, and the antennal scapes have a row of long scattered hairs on their anterior surfaces. There is no difference in coloration.
</paragraph>
<caption id="537388931E239DB1C8AF8CB4B60D220A">
<paragraph id="30E69B78566CC46D0A520832CAE8F1D8" pageNumber="120">
Fig. 28.
<taxonomicName id="A4C9131AB637F2437A67EC64F7C74254" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178138" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima latifrons (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Pachysima latifrons</taxonomicName>
(Emery), a. body of worker in profile; b, head of worker from above; e, head of female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="611535306B22E794A773FCF37235CD63" pageNumber="120">
Female.-Length nearly 12 mm. Closely resembling the worker and differing by the same characters from the female of
<taxonomicName id="36F3B336F6DF0629842DE6C3F37C0172" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:160183" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima aethiops (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">aethiops</taxonomicName>
. The head and thorax are more slender than in the latter species and the petiolar and postpetiolar nodes are narrower and less submarginate on the sides. The pilosity and pubescence are much less developed on the body than in the worker, though the clypeus has conspicuous yellow ciliary bristles and the antennal scapes have a few long hairs along their anterior surfaces. The wings are blackened like those of
<taxonomicName id="6DB3F4941D4664FD28F5FA28FECC3BEA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:160183" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima aethiops (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">aethiops</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03F77815ABD09C9111F212E73B4FBAAD" pageNumber="120">Described from numerous workers and a single female taken from a colony at Niangara (Lang and Chapin), also in hollow twigs of a Barteria, presumably B. fistulosa. This species appears to be confined to western Africa; its distribution is still imperfectly known.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D011C9BA5F8998DB6EF1CB12C73D31AF" pageNumber="120">
The larval stages are quite as remarkable as those of
<taxonomicName id="B495C9DD6E7FFDC459EB55B1A8D8319D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:160183" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima aethiops (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">P. aethiops</taxonomicName>
and exhibit four stages as follows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CBB84C44CD0D7422EB0DA5029EDC317D" lastPageNumber="122" pageNumber="121">
The trophidium, or first stage larva, shown in Fig. 29a-b, is very hypocephalie, the prothoracic segment being greatly enlarged and projecting anteriorly. Stained preparations in toto and sections show that the portion of the fat-body in this segment is heavily charged with urate crystals, so that it undoubtedly functions as a storage kidney till the Malpighian vessels are sufficiently developed to excrete. The first and second pairs of prothoracic appendages of the xthiops larva are absent, but the third pair is very large and embraces the sides of the head. The meso- and metathoracic segments each bear a pair of slender, pointed appendages, the first abdominal segment a huge leg-like pair which are swollen and fusiform at the base and running out into a slender process which forms an obtuse angle with the basal portion. The sternal region between these appendages is protuberant and its cuticular covering, like that of the four pairs of appendages, is minutely prickly, unlike the smooth cuticle of the remainder of the body. Sections show that both the four pairs of appendages and the sternal swelling are exudate organs, though the prothoracic and abdominal pairs are evidently much more important than the others. The prothoracic appendages are filled with blood and very little fat-tissue, but their hypodermis is much thickened and consists of crowded cells arranged in peculiar clusters. In section, the abdominal appendages appear as in Fig. 30. The fusiform base is filled with large, clear trophocytes, or fat-cells, some of which in the middle of the swelling may be filled with urate crystals, like those in the prothoracic storage kidney, but the slender, tubular distal portion contains a granular liquid which can only be regarded as an exudate derived from the trophocytes in the basal enlargement. This exudate is evidently filtered through the thin cuticle covering the appendage by pressure, for there is a rather elaborate system of muscles, as in the
<taxonomicName id="2C142E134EC464DC3E8C0D3F7022B2A1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:160183" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima aethiops (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">aethiops</taxonomicName>
larva, surrounding the bases of the appendages and capable of subjecting then contents to pressure. The head is small and has soft, blunt, rudimentary and unchitinized mandibles and the labium bears a pair of long,palp-like appendages, which project forward in the deep depression between the head and the swollen sternal portion of the first abdominal segment. These are probably also exudatoria and seem roughly to correspond to the unpaired tentacle of the
<taxonomicName id="2E71D26B04E437DD7E276F7C1C492E0B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:160183" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima aethiops (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">aethiops</taxonomicName>
larva. The structure of the mouth-parts shows that the larva in this stage is fed with liquid food regurgitated by the workers. The convex dorsal surface is beset with sparse, curved bristles of uniform thickness, with blunt tips. The segmentation of the body is indistinct and its posterior end curves forward and terminates in a large tubercle with the anal orifice just anterior to its base. The Malpighian vessels have only just begun to develop at the blind end of the proctenteron where it abuts on the posterior end of the large, elliptical mesenteron, or stomach, but no salivaiy glands can be detected.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6303D10FFEF2FEF9585E8826BBF03D3">
<paragraph id="A341F9328AE44B0E2F2B6712FC4EEBDA" pageNumber="121">
Fig. 29.
<taxonomicName id="CD6820219BCDB5403C4B265A68A1ABD6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178138" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima latifrons (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Pachysima latifrons</taxonomicName>
(Emery). First larval stage or trophidium, a, ventral; b, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="33E53D861529234274E837A1FC00EC93">
<paragraph id="0D2B1DE9209CB2FC88D837EFDE4DB889" pageNumber="122">
Fig. 30. Longitudinal section through exudatorium of first abdominal segment of trophidium of
<taxonomicName id="7B7A59478A78751914E708A8F420645E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178138" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima latifrons (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Pachysima latifrons</taxonomicName>
(Emery): t, trophocytes or fat-cells of the fusiform base, some of them in the middle with urate crystals (u); x. granular liquid or exudate filling the distal portion; d, dermis; c, epidermis; h. hypodermis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B8FFE534E49CAB11CD6FF75E01B047FF" pageNumber="123">In the second stage larva (Fig. 31 a) the body is more elongate and cylindrical and the four pairs of appendages can still be recognized though considerably smaller in proportion to the remainder of the body. The mandibles arc becoming chitinized. Many of the long hairs on the dorsal surface are still present, but a general covering of short, sparse hairs has made its appearance.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D0C0543D054165A443EE058352D262C" lastPageNumber="124" pageNumber="123">
The third stage larva (Fig. 31 b) is larger and still more elongate and cylindrical and shows a further regressive development of the exudatoria. Those on the meso- and metathoracic segments have disappeared and the abdominal pair has short broad bases with the distal portions attenuated to slender points. The labial appendages have also disappeared. The mandibles are well developed and chitinized, and the larva is now fed with pellets of crashed insects, like the
<taxonomicName id="34ACC26B40C71F8B31CC24C59A0D307D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:160183" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima aethiops (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aethiops">aethiops</taxonomicName>
larva in the corresponding stage. These pellets were found still in situ in several of the alcoholic specimens as represented in the figure (Fig. 31b). The pellet lies in the deep pocket between the head and the sternal protuberance of the first abdominal segment and is, therefore, within easy reach of the mandibles and labium of the larva. Cleared preparations show that the salivary glands have made their appearance, though they are small and slender.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0D2040D93FE3D77DABF6A2313A12BDC0">
<paragraph id="14474C7FD3981788DCFB2B12E095FFE8" pageNumber="123">
Fig. 31.
<taxonomicName id="F65F182241EFBCF60B2227A4361B057F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178138" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachysima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachysima latifrons (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Pachysima latifrons</taxonomicName>
(Emery,. a, second stage larva; b, third stage larva; c, anterior half of fourth, oradult, larval stage.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="ECEFE5436924E160BC75DB6FC43077BA" pageNumber="124">
The anterior end of a fourth stage or adult larva is shown in Fig. 31c. The exudatoria of the prothoracic segment now appear merely as a pair of welts or folds embracing the sides of the head and continuous with the more dorsal portions of their segment, which is relatively smaller and less projecting than in the preceding stages. The appendages of the first abdominal segment are still distinct but their distal portions are reduced to mere points, sometimes absent in larvae just before pupation, and the sternal swelling is much less prominent. In this stage the larva resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="C91F2669CC26950058FCF879C4D338DA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24859" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetraponera</taxonomicName>
throughout its various stages. In the third and fourth stages of the
<taxonomicName id="9BD2F7995E6960F1EE4E46B13D4C8E3B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37344" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Tetraponera latifrons (Emery)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">latifrons</taxonomicName>
larva, as in the corresponding stages of xthiops, the salivary glands probably furnish secretions which are useful both in the extra-intestinal digestion of the food-pellet and as exudates that can be imbibed by the workers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

166
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<taxonomicName id="2D206BF37DD294EB5EBCD029A0B83811" ID-CoL="4XG4M" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chacoensis">Simpsonichthys chacoensis</taxonomicName>
(Amato, 1986)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E6890EE444B547929C8033FF27E24450" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E866A0C8B28A594090B39E6894AC349" pageNumber="48">(Fig. 30)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C76B249C99FDE30CAF04BE041B859EE6" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="E2D0DCB8BE3DC3913C98A89CEA217976" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC9B6956-E1A4-47C1-87A9-4FE20AFBB8B2" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias chacoensis Amato 1986:10" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chacoensis">Cynolebias chacoensis</taxonomicName>
Amato, 1986: 10 (
<materialsCitation id="621E0BD2119C64002D5628463920FF7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923888919" collectionCode="MUNHINA" country="Paraguay" latitude="-21.0" location="road Mariscal Estigarriba- [Capitan Pablo] Lagerenza, 624 km NW from Asuncion, 14 km from Comando de Transmisiones Tenente Segundo Americo Picco, Charca Topografo Acevedo, Nueva Asuncion" longitude="-60.0" specimenCode="MUNHINA 2577" typeStatus="holotype">
type locality:
<location id="6B4595A7A5DB1E3B657141934AD3E93A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BA6EAF800EB20838FEE1163B98CFE30:6B4595A7A5DB1E3B657141934AD3E93A" country="Paraguay" latitude="-21.0" longitude="-60.0" name="road Mariscal Estigarriba- [Capitan Pablo] Lagerenza, 624 km NW from Asuncion, 14 km from Comando de Transmisiones Tenente Segundo Americo Picco, Charca Topografo Acevedo, Nueva Asuncion">
road Mariscal Estigarriba-[
<normalizedToken id="B17DDC3F068E1C76D1B13DA39349A88E" originalValue="Capitán">Capitan</normalizedToken>
Pablo] Lagerenza, 624 km NW from
<normalizedToken id="200A600165926FD94FA721A3900E46D1" originalValue="Asunción">Asuncion</normalizedToken>
, 14 km from Comando de Transmisiones Tenente Segundo
<normalizedToken id="5103C66ECB8F54E31B2864B82E0BA0B1" originalValue="Américo">Americo</normalizedToken>
Picco, Charca
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Acevedo, Nueva
<normalizedToken id="BD879F3C8B7876AE7276F906535C2F29" originalValue="Asunción">Asuncion</normalizedToken>
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,
<collectingCountry id="F4409EF07D1C5C9C1AFBEACA28CCDF55">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
[about
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<geoCoordinate id="1E2994FEEE60EA0A6FBEF02EC39D5068" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-60.0">60°00’W</geoCoordinate>
];
<typeStatus id="E25A435460C2819F595C80C8C3BC6B59">holotype</typeStatus>
:
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<collectionCode id="A6366327AEEC1B2971177D83D6BA5817">MUNHINA</collectionCode>
2577
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDE4E7C7F537BEBA74846EFE6EB5C07E" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A780A00E06CCBBD74C842E19CA753CD2" pageNumber="48">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E1E3BFC4D6202A769A4C6A93C82502E" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="98ABCFBA54FAFCAB948BB727306CD79F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923888916" collectingDate="1994-03" collectionCode="UFRJ" collectorName="L. Van den Berg" country="Paraguay" location="rio Paraguay basin: 92 km N of Mariscal Estigarriba, San Juan" specimenCode="UFRJ 3030, UFRJ 3170">
<collectingCountry id="5A378B4CDFD453EAB13738086E9945EA">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<normalizedToken id="7AFD5B547F654B59BA087E417CBF2224" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Paraguay basin:
<specimenCode id="A75EBBEA7712F792EED670E922850FCD">
<collectionCode id="8629412A692D68D0F3D3279C1FF4CB21">UFRJ</collectionCode>
3030
</specimenCode>
, 2 ex.;
<specimenCode id="F2ECBDD568831D8694A9A3F7AF8EAEF0">
<collectionCode id="A32D30240F4E5FA38CFC3A726735E555">UFRJ</collectionCode>
3170
</specimenCode>
, 1 ex. (c&amp;s);
<location id="6003270647224E8C1599D6D6F88DF460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BA6EAF800EB20838FEE1163B98CFE30:6003270647224E8C1599D6D6F88DF460" country="Paraguay" name="rio Paraguay basin: 92 km N of Mariscal Estigarriba, San Juan">92 km N of Mariscal Estigarriba, San Juan</location>
;
<collectorName id="01DB631C17F685FECE6BA2A275F9BB71">L. Van den Berg</collectorName>
,
<date id="7BC97A9967AAB64F1AC23DF457E23783" month="03" value="1994-03" year="1994">
<collectingDate id="AE126FF2FA20A79A564050494473148D" month="03" value="1994-03" year="1994">Mar. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="8A9E3A90CB20DF6DABFDADDFF609135D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923888921" collectingDate="1981-01-16" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="M. Ludlow, J. Stallings" country="Paraguay" location="rio Paraguay basin: flooded Chaco, 15 km NE of Ochoa" specimenCode="USNM 232295">
<specimenCode id="AE75C4C5CD0D46BFF1520104C5D4768B">
<collectionCode id="F1B706A50A03C2F849DFC05F0E75FDD9">USNM</collectionCode>
232295
</specimenCode>
, 1;
<location id="9D1491B812C2832108F8A5D87018D524" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BA6EAF800EB20838FEE1163B98CFE30:9D1491B812C2832108F8A5D87018D524" country="Paraguay" name="rio Paraguay basin: flooded Chaco, 15 km NE of Ochoa">flooded Chaco, 15 km NE of Ochoa</location>
;
<collectorName id="BA97F03C516D381F8B7A3D859EFD2806">M. Ludlow &amp; J. Stallings</collectorName>
,
<date id="61B7DFA8E791A5D7B1FDBDEB08EF26EC" day="16" month="01" value="1981-01-16" year="1981">
<collectingDate id="B2980B98D61059C2C05902BD2F994A3A" day="16" month="01" value="1981-01-16" year="1981">16 Jan. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="087F440B95945C76228724C511E05BEB" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1F4DFD4788BF8B89B26A8889455F2ACD" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="39E757E54945F0977817768A53B5FBE8" pageNumber="48">
Distinguished from all other species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="D3AC719DC53EA96C1BB273B54DBDEE4A" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Spectrolebias">Spectrolebias</taxonomicName>
by possessing more anal-fin rays in males (26-28, vs. 21-26), and flanks and unpaired fins dark bluish gray in males (vs. never this color in males of other species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="18577FB6125AC9BBA4B29C4560503856" type="description">
<paragraph id="A8EAEE4A107BD5140F6C56387712FD85" pageNumber="48">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB18212419F4DFAB9790C3D06F74517A" pageNumber="48">Morphometric data appear in Table 3. Largest specimen examined 35.3 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly concave on head, convex from nape to end of dorsal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Body moderately deep, compressed, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Eye positioned on dorsal portion of head side. Snout blunt. Urogenital papilla cylindrical and long in males, pocket-shaped in females.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18166332968FB2F7DC99233150EE6568" lastPageNumber="49" pageNumber="48">
Tip of dorsal fin pointed in both sexes; tip of anal fin pointed in males, rounded in females; long filamentous rays on tip of anal fin in males, tip reaching vertical posterior to distal edge of caudal fin. Dorsal-fin rays unbranched. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins elliptical. Posterior margin of each pectoral fin reaching vertical
<pageStartToken id="BFE9D185863593214532880C3F641CCD" pageNumber="49">through</pageStartToken>
base of 8th anal-fin ray in males, and vertical just anterior to anus in females. Tip of each pelvic fin reaching base of 3rd anal-fin ray in males, and base of 2nd anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 5th anal-fin ray in males, and 3rd anal-fin ray in females, between neural spines of vertebrae 8 and 9 in males and vertebrae 10 and 12 in females. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 10 and 11. Dorsal-fin rays 23-26 in males, 17-20 in females; anal-fin rays 26-28 in males, 22-24 in females; caudal-fin rays 28; pectoral-fin rays 12; pelvic-fin rays 6-7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36284EEC585A824B46949C621CC7867F" pageNumber="49">Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales overlapping medially; no scale anterior to G-scale; sometimes one supraorbital scale, but this usually absent. Longitudinal series of scales 27-29; transverse series of scales 10; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Contact organs absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD29CD1BA50E1EA674CA555C0EE8F712" pageNumber="49">Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 11-12, parietal 3, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 2 + 22-26, preorbital 3, otic 2, post-otic 3, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 18-19, mandibular 11-15, lateral mandibular 2-3, paramandibular 1. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="04AD78739CCF786180FDC92F5E7DC18C" pageNumber="49">Basihyal subtriangular, width about 60% of length; basihyal cartilage about 20% of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 3. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 3 + 11. Vomerine teeth absent. Dermosphenotic absent. Ventral process of posttemporal long. Total vertebrae 29.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10FA934D44067C688AA39320645BCB71" pageNumber="49">Coloration</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F6D0DE8CF3DD0FB68A7729279E87923" pageNumber="49">Males. Sides of body bluish dark brown, almost black, with white dots. Head dark gray, opercular region dark greenish blue. Iris brownish yellow, with black bar through center of eye. Dorsal and anal fins black with white dots on basal region and subdistal blue stripe. Caudal fin dark gray to black, with light blue shine on posterior portion. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins dark blue.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D7627E1B5074116CF8D122D21B6AF91" pageNumber="49">Females. Sides of body light brown, with dark gray marks irregularly arranged, sometimes forming about 10 ill-defined bars; one to three dark greenish gray spots on anterocentral portion of flank. Head pale brown, opercular region greenish blue. Iris yellow, with dark gray bar through center of eye. Fins hyaline, with dark gray spots on posterobasal portion of dorsal and anal fins.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81CF79360025EBB9B5474049659494B3" type="multiple">
<caption id="0718A8454A9A13AB797C2419DD60E844">
<paragraph id="48F1B41E91CD0E2A016931DF394B4DF7" pageNumber="49">
FIGURE 30.
<taxonomicName id="A07F6B80C26A2A9097EAA0A1B9438DCA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chacoensis">Simpsonichthys chacoensis</taxonomicName>
, male, not preserved, about 35 mm SL; Paraguay.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372BF5474F503B2104A438444A1EDE2" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="427108FE39A194E87C5009490BCB2A96" pageNumber="49">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C8002BD4A3B89157A4D4E42C8E7965E5" pageNumber="49">
<normalizedToken id="87275739FD1D59F54B8025B1F9F567BF" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Paraguay basin, northern Paraguay and northern Bolivia (Fig. 4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D989C74F2C8AC767967C9774DC94D8B5" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="D1EB5139E38364B10B18BE21E35CB3EE" pageNumber="49">Habitat</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C839C7F468F7F7BBBC62F36D96E76D76" pageNumber="49">Temporary pools in the Chaco.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>