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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297075" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e8b8d63-711e-4456-bdce-b4c77868fda7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905182117" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="2B61057B30D9198FDF82873BE4C59254" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Molossidae.432-451.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Molossops (Neoplatymops) Peterson 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3B127064EB7DDB182ED4ED54593B25D0" lastPageNumber="439" masterDocId="3B127064EB7DDB182ED4ED54593B25D0" masterDocTitle="Order Chiroptera - Family Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="451" masterPageNumber="432" pageNumber="439" updateTime="1716777726396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart id="928E3A229FEDB5AD398C835694078410">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D040468B8BD0B45EFE1768C45ED4BBEF">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="DACB31A468FD1BE93DCC903789AF0C08" ID-CoL="8P3S9" authority="Peterson 1965" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1965" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neoplatymops">
<emphasis id="F31FF545A20B306277B4A87A2B00F3DE" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Molossops (Neoplatymops)</emphasis>
Peterson 1965
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<subSubSection id="93A207C57DF3725F5EB4CF4E4F8D117D" pageNumber="439" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="F4BAF44F311097EF88B62F48AA782A14" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B21D1E32C4B8996F51692063AE4980B6" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="439">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
4 species with 3 subspecies:
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<paragraph id="7D35FDD20D9CE48872A397E673E0A308" pageNumber="439">
Species
<taxonomicName id="54453D0CA9C27AADA8B6D5F1F2A0CEEE" authority="Cabrera 1917" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1917" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequatorianus" subGenus="Cabreramops">
<emphasis id="3C2F584D946515176D86914205C156D9" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Molossops (Cabreramops) aequatorianus</emphasis>
Cabrera 1917
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FB4CF667451BEB762A5E7BC553DD32F" pageNumber="439">
Species
<taxonomicName id="9C02853E721B88DCD7DE55DDCCC607E4" authority="Vieira 1942" authorityName="Vieira" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mattogrossensis" subGenus="Neoplatymops">
<emphasis id="9AC28D15538A71456588EAF9CE88090F" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Molossops (Neoplatymops) mattogrossensis</emphasis>
Vieira 1942
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86B7AAC482F8EE77DBCB1C27C2926377" pageNumber="439">
Species
<taxonomicName id="4FB668E1891A4D1BC3D1767813637034" authority="Williams and Genoways 1980" authorityName="Williams and Genoways" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neglectus" subGenus="Molossops">
<emphasis id="10E547D25CC466E58408BC665A3241D2" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Molossops (Molossops) neglectus</emphasis>
Williams and Genoways 1980
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FED7032506941EB4DC744F4A005DA55" pageNumber="439">
Species
<taxonomicName id="65970CD2C0191628AE992E69CF381E47" authority="(Burmeister 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temminckii" subGenus="Molossops">
<emphasis id="393CBC7DD6E78C3604FFD91C2093E8FC" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Molossops (Molossops) temminckii</emphasis>
(Burmeister 1854)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E74521F1146FEC9A56CAA181A4BEE301" pageNumber="439">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="EEC5BA0B59C9B2F6053CD0AE9972D028" authority="Burmeister 1854" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="temminckii" subGenus="Molossops" subSpecies="temminckii">
<emphasis id="09D530EFDFE70C2A661BC409E6A3F633" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Molossops (Molossops) temminckii</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="95BEE114F92C4E75463DDD0374733FD8" italics="true" pageNumber="439">temminckii</emphasis>
Burmeister 1854
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDAF5180B9616C0E5746A169FF2605A0" pageNumber="439">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="22CDD2F1BA644F72216DA1A7612A6256" authority="Sanborn 1941" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="temminckii" subGenus="Molossops" subSpecies="griseiventer">
<emphasis id="CEB46E764324781D48896808824EBC2D" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Molossops (Molossops) temminckii</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="6645BC8043A6ED4E5178BD8D11D7B444" italics="true" pageNumber="439">griseiventer</emphasis>
Sanborn 1941
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0621606F193A4E74516859A2C148CA8D" pageNumber="439">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="B1684CCAE182AB9F6788024658048A48" authority="Thomas 1924" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="temminckii" subGenus="Molossops" subSpecies="sylvia">
<emphasis id="165AF071D1270BF97697D68EB65C316D" italics="true" pageNumber="439">Molossops (Molossops) temminckii</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="72C8987767F9DD99D439065B0B36BFC7" italics="true" pageNumber="439">sylvia</emphasis>
Thomas 1924
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B61268E85AB35DE910D5C8E1FC14CBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B61268E85AB35DE910D5C8E1FC14CBE" lastPageNumber="8151" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wesmael, 1835" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apodesmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apodesmia ocellata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellata">Apodesmia ocellata (Wesmael, 1835)</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius ocellatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ocellatus">Opius ocellatus</taxonomicName>
Wesmael, 1835
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
<taxonomicName genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea areolaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" rank="species" species="areolaris">areolaris</taxonomicName>
(Thomson, 1895,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
<taxonomicName genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea hungarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" rank="species" species="hungarica">hungarica</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
, 1896,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
)
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
<taxonomicName genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea bruta" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" rank="species" species="bruta">bruta</taxonomicName>
(Papp, 1978,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
)
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">England, Scotland</paragraph>
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–
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B902FFF418B8787FFE67FDF7" bold="true" box="[151,384,566,591]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</emphasis>
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F171359, microslide, Port Phillip Heads, colony on
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sp., depth
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B902FFF418B878D4FEE3FD0A" bold="true" box="[151,260,669,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
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, measurements, (µm)
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<paragraph id="A3771812B902FFF418B07887FF34FCB5" blockId="10.[151,978,669,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hydrorhiza, diameter 112–128 Stem</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B902FFF4188A7968FEEBFC64" blockId="10.[151,978,669,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">lower stem length 1400–3300 lower stem width 112–152 internode length 240–256 width at node 76–84 Apophysis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B902FFF4188A79B9FED6FBE0" blockId="10.[151,978,669,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">abcauline length 64–84 width distal node 36–44 Hydrocladium</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B902FFF4188A7E22FEF2FB6C" blockId="10.[151,978,669,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">internode length 252–272 width at node 48–64 Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B902FFF4188A7EA1FEC2FAE8" blockId="10.[151,978,669,1526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">axial length 240–272 width at margin 128–164 Nematotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B902FFF5188A7F2AFF32FAB9" blockId="10.[151,978,669,1526]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,1040,2038]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
median, length 168–180 diameter of orifice 20–32 lateral, length 64–88 diameter of orifice 20–24
<emphasis id="91BCC400B903FFF518E87E59FEBEFB91" bold="true" box="[199,345,1040,1065]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</emphasis>
The following description supplements that of
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B903FFF51B447E58FB4CFB91" author="Mulder" box="[875,1195,1041,1065]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Mulder, J. F. &amp; Trebilcock, R. E. (1916) Notes on Victorian Hydroida. Part VI. Geelong Naturalist, 6, 73 - 84." type="journal article" year="1916">Mulder &amp; Trebilcock (1916)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B903FFF51CCD7E5BFA6DFB91" author="Watson" box="[1250,1418,1041,1065]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Watson, J. E. (1973) Pearson Island expedition 1969 - 9. Hydroids. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 97 (3), 153 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">Watson (1973)</bibRefCitation>
. Colony infertile, consisting of three stems to
<quantity id="6430B5F7B903FFF51ABF7E7CFD38FBF5" box="[656,735,1077,1101]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
high; hydrorhiza a smooth tubular stolon running up stem of a species of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B903FFF519207E10FE3DFBC9" box="[271,474,1113,1137]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B903FFF519207E10FE3DFBC9" box="[271,474,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Symplectoscyphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Proximal stem long, ahydrocladiate, segmented by several obscure transverse septa, distal end of ahydrocladiate caulus with a single, or double large V-shaped joint; stem thereafter hydrocladiate. Cauline perisarc thick and smooth, internodes short, nodes transverse with an indistinct shoulder, hydrocladia alternate, one slightly frontal on each internode. Cauline apophysis moderately long with a strongly contracted distal node.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB903FFF518B879E6FC56FC5C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203971/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[361,1273,184,842]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="A3771812B903FFF518B879E6FC56FC5C" blockId="11.[151,1436,943,996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B903FFF518B879E6FEF5FC7D" bold="true" box="[151,274,943,966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B903FFF5193779E6FDEFFC7D" box="[280,520,943,965]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mulderi">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B903FFF5193779E6FDEFFC7D" box="[280,520,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macrorhynchia mulderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, hydrocladial internodes. B, C, hydrothecae, lateral views. D, hydrotheca, anterior frontal view, median nematotheca not drawn. Scale bar: A, 0.3 mm, B–D, 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B903FFF518EA7F44FF32FA29" blockId="11.[151,1437,1040,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hydrocladia with 6–8 hydrothecae; hydrotheca occupying entire hydrocladial internode, node transverse, distinct; two internal hydrocladiate intermodal septa, one complete, directed obliquely backwards from posterior third of base of hydrotheca, the other partial to complete, directed distally forwards from base of lateral nematotheca to node.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B903FFF518EA7FD4FE5CF96D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1040,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Hydrotheca almost tubular, at an angle c. 20° to hydrocladial axis, body divided into an ovoid posterior third by a forwardly curved complete septum connecting with hydrocladial septum, a quadrangular thinning of tissue at junction of septa. Margin of hydrotheca complexly and deeply cuspate, in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B903FFF51C517FACFB25FA45" box="[1150,1218,1509,1533]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,943,966]" captionTargetBox="[361,1273,184,842]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[281,1310,174,940]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrorhynchia mulderi. A, hydrocladial internodes. B, C, hydrothecae, lateral views. D, hydrotheca, anterior frontal view, median nematotheca not drawn. Scale bar: A, 0.3 mm, B – D, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203971/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B,C) anterior cusp scimitar-shaped, followed by a deep cusp, separated from the next cusp by a shallow embayment, the second cusp appearing more rounded than the first, followed by a long, inwardly curved posterior cusp identical with the anterior; a long boat-shaped foramen extending from junction of median nematotheca with hydrotheca to base of anterior cusp. In anterior view (
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B903FFF519E27C3CFDE8F935" box="[461,527,1653,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,943,966]" captionTargetBox="[361,1273,184,842]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[281,1310,174,940]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Macrorhynchia mulderi. A, hydrocladial internodes. B, C, hydrothecae, lateral views. D, hydrotheca, anterior frontal view, median nematotheca not drawn. Scale bar: A, 0.3 mm, B – D, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203971/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D) anterior cusp large, wide, blunt or sometimes shallowly lobate, the next cusp more sharply pointed than seen in lateral view, the next and outer ones bilobate (the latter responsible for the scimitar shape in lateral view).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B903FFF518EA7CA8FA74F8DD" blockId="11.[151,1437,1040,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Median nematotheca short, tubular, distal end directed away from hydrotheca, terminating well below hydrothecal margin, abcauline wall weakly sinuous, terminal orifice circular to lobate; lateral nematothecae tubular, pointing forward, narrowing distally to a small circular orifice behind hydrothecal margin, a small secondary basal orifice at junction with hydrotheca. One cauline nematotheca same as laterals on stem internode below apophysis.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B903FFF518EA7D38FD2FF84D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B903FFF518EA7D38FD2FF84D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1040,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B903FFF518EA7D38FEDEF831" bold="true" box="[197,313,1905,1929]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B903FFF5196F7D38FDACF831" box="[320,587,1905,1929]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mulderi">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B903FFF5196F7D38FDACF831" box="[320,587,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macrorhynchia mulderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small, rare species, the first record being a poor description by
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B903FFF51D677D38FF06F815" author="Bartlett" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Bartlett, G. C. (1907) Notes on hydroid zoophytes. Geelong Naturalist, 3, 35 - 45, 60 - 66." type="journal article" year="1907">Bartlett (1907)</bibRefCitation>
followed by better descriptions of
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B903FFF51A537DDCFC25F815" author="Mulder" box="[636,962,1941,1965]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Mulder, J. F. &amp; Trebilcock, R. E. (1916) Notes on Victorian Hydroida. Part VI. Geelong Naturalist, 6, 73 - 84." type="journal article" year="1916">Mulder &amp; Trebilcock (1916)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B903FFF51BD07DDFFB4FF815" author="Watson" box="[1023,1192,1941,1965]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Watson, J. E. (1973) Pearson Island expedition 1969 - 9. Hydroids. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 97 (3), 153 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">Watson (1973)</bibRefCitation>
. The dentition of the hydrothecal margin is extraordinarily complex for such a small species, the shape and overlap of the cusps making accurate description and illustration very difficult.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B904FFF218E87ADEFEE9FF6C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF218E87ADEFEE9FF6C" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,212]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B904FFF218E87ADEFE87FF08" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B904FFF219477AD1FD94FF08" box="[360,627,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mulderi">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B904FFF219477AD1FD94FF08" box="[360,627,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Macrorhynchia mulderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently known only from Bass Strait and the eastern Great Australian Bight.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="91BCC400B904FFF218B87B54FE03FE8F" bold="true" box="[151,484,285,311]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Macrorhynchia whiteleggei</emphasis>
(
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)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB904FFF21AA97B54FCEAFE8F" box="[646,781,285,311]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF218B87B76FEC9FEE0" blockId="12.[151,781,285,344]" box="[151,302,319,344]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B904FFF218B87B76FF39FEEF" box="[151,222,319,343]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,769,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[282,1311,769,1609]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrorhynchia whiteleggei. Colony approximately 15 cm high, in situ photograph, Popes Eye reef, southern Port Phillip, depth 12 m, September 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203972/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
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A–D
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B904FFF218B87BC1FE74FE26" box="[151,403,392,414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aglaophenia whiteleggei</emphasis>
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: 794
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, pl. 21, fig. 8.–
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: 14
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, 26.– Watson, 1994: 67.–
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: 336
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.
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B904FFF218B87BA1FE9BFDB9" bold="true" box="[151,380,488,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B904FFF219AD7BA3FE25FDB9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[386,450,490,513]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NMV</collectionCode>
F171360, fertile colony on rock, Popes Eye reef, southern Port Phillip, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B904FFF21D347BA0FAAFFDB9" box="[1307,1352,489,513]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B904FFF218D97844FE8FFD9D" box="[246,360,525,549]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2010-01-01">1/01/2010</date>
, colony alcohol preserved.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B904FFF218E87879FEBEFDF1" bold="true" box="[199,345,560,585]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
Mature colonies large, up to
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in height and
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in width in a spreading plumose canopy complexly branched with up to 10 orders of branching. Hydrorhiza a bundle of tough rugose stolons firmly attached to rocky substrate. Stems strongly fascicled, lower stem ahydrocladiate, in large colonies ahydrocladiate stems up to
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long and 2.5 mm wide, the polysiphonic tubes gradually reducing in number distally, typically a single tube near the end of each branch. Branching from main stem regularly subdichotomous, branch internodes short, nodes oblique, indistinct.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF218B87961FD18FC86" blockId="12.[151,971,808,1705]" box="[151,767,808,830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B904FFF218B87961FEE3FC85" bold="true" box="[151,260,808,829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B904FFF219257961FDC6FC86" box="[266,545,808,830]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="whiteleggei">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B904FFF219257961FDC6FC86" box="[266,545,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Macrorhynchia whiteleggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF218B27910FE6AFC20" blockId="12.[151,971,808,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hydrorhiza, stolon width 250–450 Branch (monosiphonic)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF2188B79E2FEC8FBAC" blockId="12.[151,971,808,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">length of internode 344–416 width at node 184–200 Hydrocladium</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF2188B7E61FEF4FB01" blockId="12.[151,971,808,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">maximum length 600–800 length of internode 360–440 width at node 130–160 Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF2188B7E84FEC5FAE7" blockId="12.[151,971,808,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">length, axial 380–440 width at margin 200–240 anterior crest, length 120–140 Nematotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF2188B7F3BFEB9F9EF" blockId="12.[151,971,808,1705]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">cauline, length 184–208 median hydrothecate, length 150–160 median, width at orifice 25–30 lateral, length 220–260 lateral, width at orifice 25–30 Gonotheca, mature</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF2188B7C23FAA3F8CA" blockId="12.[151,971,808,1705]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,1774,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">length 1900–2000 Width 1400–1600 Hydrocladia alternate, frontal, one proximal on each branch internode, moderately long, slightly recurved, length shortening distally along branch; hydrocladial internodes moderately wide, nodes transverse to weakly oblique, faint, a thick entire transverse intranodal septum at one third the distance from proximal end and a thinner, slightly oblique partial septum passing forward into the internode from the base of the lateral nematotheca.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B904FFF318EA7D37FCE5FF6C" blockId="12.[151,1437,1774,2014]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,716]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hydrotheca elongate, base lying along internode, posterior end pointed, anterior end facing upward at c. 40° from internode, a complete intrathecal septum passing almost vertically up through hydrotheca from intranodal septum. Margin with a prominent curved anterior rostrum and a long lozenge-shaped foramen behind rostrum; margin dentate with three pairs of lobate cusps, the anterior pair sharpest, the next pair rounded, the posterior pair shallowest and hidden behind the lateral nematothecae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B905FFF318EA7A96FDCDFE3F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Median nematotheca tubular, narrow, following axial line of hydrotheca, orifice circular, level with hydrothecal margin, a small secondary orifice just above junction with anterior rostrum. Lateral nematothecae long, pointing forward, tubular, with a circular terminal orifice slightly ahead of hydrothecal margin, a small notch at base of nematotheca connecting with intranodal septum. Branch nematothecae similar to laterals, one at base of hydrocladium, usually one in fork of branch.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B905FFF318E87BDDFEE2FD3C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gonotheca lenticular, without pedicel, large, several borne sparingly on a phylactocarp replacing a hydrocladium on higher branches, one hydrotheca on proximal internode of phylactocarp; usually one or two but sometimes up to five in various stages of development along primary phylactocarp; a short, straight secondary phylactocarp given off internode of primary at base of each gonotheca and closely adpressed to gonotheca, a single or a pair of nematothecae similar to laterals on each phylactocarpal internode, each with a circular terminal orifice and an inwardly facing orifice. Perisarc of gonotheca thick, rim conspicuously thickened, female containing several large ova.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B905FFF318EA78C6FEB6FD74" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Colour of live colonies silvery white, perisarc of stems brown, gonotheca grey with white scribbly lines, ova cream to mauve.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F7B7489AB905FFF318B87C19FDF5F93D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203972/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[282,1310,769,1609]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="A3771812B905FFF318B87C19FDF5F93D" blockId="13.[151,1436,1616,1669]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B905FFF318B87C19FEF4F9DE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1616,1639]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B905FFF319357C18FDD6F9DF" box="[282,561,1617,1639]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="whiteleggei">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B905FFF319357C18FDD6F9DF" box="[282,561,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Macrorhynchia whiteleggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Colony approximately 15 cm high,
<emphasis id="91BCC400B905FFF31B877C1BFC0FF9DF" box="[936,1000,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">in situ</emphasis>
photograph, Popes Eye reef, southern Port Phillip, depth 12 m, September 2008.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B905FFF018EA7CFBFBBFFE4C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B905FFF318EA7CFBFA72F972" blockId="13.[151,1437,1714,2026]" box="[197,1429,1714,1738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B905FFF318EA7CFBFEDEF972" bold="true" box="[197,313,1714,1738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is the first description of the reproductive structure of the species, placing it in
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B905FFF31CCD7CFBFA69F972" box="[1250,1422,1714,1738]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B905FFF31CCD7CFBFA69F972" box="[1250,1422,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Macrorhynchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B905FFF018EA7C9FFCBCFF6C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1714,2026]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
The material upon which
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B905FFF319CD7C9FFD81F956" author="Bale" box="[482,614,1750,1774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Bale, W. M. (1888) On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 3, 745 - 799." type="journal article" year="1888">Bale (1888)</bibRefCitation>
based his original description was a colony only
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high, much smaller than mature colonies of the species. Bale split his hydroid collections between the Australian Museum, Sydney and the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne (now Museum Victoria), usually depositing preserved material in the former and microslides in the latter. The Australian Museum holds preserved material labelled “
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B905FFF31D227D0BFEFFF8C6" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="whiteleggei">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B905FFF31D227D0BFEFFF8C6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Aglaophenia whiteleggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, AM G10372, Green Point, Port Jackson” without collection data but with the note “Fig’d Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. III (2)
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B905FFF319587DC3FE4BF81A" box="[375,428,1930,1954]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
”. Other preserved material in the Australian Museum is labelled “Y99, N.S.W. Port Stephens, N.S.W., collected by J. B. Wilson” and “Y100 Green Point, Port Jackson, N.S.W.”. A microslide with Bale’s personal Catalogue No.
<quantity id="6430B5F7B905FFF3198B7D9BFE0CF852" box="[420,491,2002,2026]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.832599999999999" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="269.0">269 in</quantity>
the Museum Victoria collection is labelled “J.B.W. Port Phillip Heads,
<date id="D7763ED2B905FFF31D257D9AFA9EF852" box="[1290,1401,2002,2026]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1887-01">Jan. 1887</date>
”; a slide Catalogue No. 270 has the same locality and is labelled Dr Macgillivray, 1889; a third slide without catalogue number is labelled “Port Phillip Heads, Dr McGillivray, 1890”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B906FFF018EA7AA9FBE7FEDC" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
As the Port Jackson specimen (AM G10372) is apparently that described in his 1888 paper, and labelled
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B906FFF01D4A7AA9FA7FFF40" box="[1381,1432,224,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
, this must be considered the
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B906FFF019E17B4CFE19FEA5" box="[462,510,261,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
of the species.
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B906FFF01A847B4DFCA8FEA4" author="Stranks" box="[683,847,260,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Stranks, T. N. (1993) Catalogue of recent Cnidaria type specimens in the Museum of Victoria. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Victoria, 6, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1993">Stranks (1993)</bibRefCitation>
however suggested that a microslide in the Museum Victoria collection (NMV F587870) “from an unknown locality may be probable
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B906FFF01C067B6EFB76FE87" box="[1065,1169,295,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
”. Without evidence that this is part of the AM G10372 specimen this supposition cannot be supported.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B906FFF018EA7B39FBBFFE4C" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B906FFF018EA7B39FE1CFE30" box="[197,507,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="whiteleggei">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B906FFF018EA7B39FE1CFE30" box="[197,507,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Macrorhynchia whiteleggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very common species in southern Port Phillip where the conspicuous silvery white colonies (
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B906FFF019607BDDFE71FE14" box="[335,406,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,769,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[282,1311,769,1609]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Macrorhynchia whiteleggei. Colony approximately 15 cm high, in situ photograph, Popes Eye reef, southern Port Phillip, depth 12 m, September 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203972/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) grow on reef at depths to
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in strong current flow. Colonies grow from dormant hydrorhizae in late autumn (April–May) and mature over winter months at water temperatures of 13–16° C, becoming fertile in spring (September–October), regressing over the summer months.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B906FFF018EA7BB6FAEDFDAF" box="[197,1290,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A3771812B906FFF018EA7BB6FAEDFDAF" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[197,1290,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B906FFF018EA7BB6FEB9FDA0" bold="true" box="[197,350,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southeastern Australian coast from Bass Strait to Port Stephens, New South
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B906FFF01C917BB6FAE1FDAF" box="[1214,1286,511,535]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wales</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<paragraph id="A3771812B906FFF018B87DDCFE1FF816" blockId="14.[151,504,1940,1999]" box="[151,504,1940,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B906FFF018B87DDCFE1FF816" bold="true" box="[151,504,1940,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B906FFF018B87DDCFE73F817" ID-CoL="679KL" box="[151,404,1941,1967]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="singulata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B906FFF018B87DDCFE73F817" bold="true" box="[151,404,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Antennella singulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB906FFF019B47DDDFE1FF816" box="[411,504,1940,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="A3771812B906FFF018B87DFEFEE8F877" blockId="14.[151,504,1940,1999]" box="[151,271,1975,1999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B906FFF018B87DFEFF31F877" box="[151,214,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[406,1195,387,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[336,1266,321,1304]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Antennella singulata sp. nov. A, Paratype colony from St Leonards. B, hydrocladium from paratype. C, female gonotheca, one nematotheca hidden. D, lateral nematotheca. E, median inferior nematotheca from hydrothecate internode. F, nematotheca from ahydrothecate internode. G, micobasic mastigophore, H,? isorhiza Scale bar: A, 1 mm, B, C, 0.5 mm, D – F 0.2 mm, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203974/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A–H
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B907FFF118B87ADEFBEAFE77" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118B87ADEFBEAFE77" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B907FFF118B87ADEFE64FF08" bold="true" box="[151,387,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B907FFF119A27ADEFE1FFF17" box="[397,504,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B907FFF11A297AD1FDA0FF17" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[518,583,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NMV</collectionCode>
F171361, microslide, male colony, on reef, North Arm Channel, Western Port, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF119347AF5FEADFF6C" box="[283,330,188,212]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF11A207AF5FD63FF6C" box="[527,644,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1997-01-09">9/01/1997</date>
.
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B907FFF11ABF7AF4FD12FF6D" box="[656,757,189,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B907FFF11B2E7AF4FCA5FF6C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[769,834,189,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NMV</collectionCode>
F171362, microslide and remaining preserved material, infertile colony, St Leonards pier, on sponge, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF11B6A7A96FC9EFF4F" box="[837,889,223,247]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF11C7E7A96FB33FF4F" box="[1105,1236,223,247]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-01-20">20/01/2010</date>
.
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B907FFF11CCB7AA9FAAEFF40" box="[1252,1353,224,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B907FFF11D747AA9FA7BFF4F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[1371,1436,224,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NMV</collectionCode>
F171363, microslide and remaining preserved material, St Leonards pier, on sponge, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF11CB67B4DFB21FEA4" box="[1177,1222,260,284]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF11DA97B4DFF11FE87" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2010-03-08">8/ 03/2010</date>
.
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B907FFF1192D7B61FE83FEF8" box="[258,356,296,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B907FFF119437B61FE4AFE87" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[364,429,296,319]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">NMV</collectionCode>
F171374, microslide, female colony, Port Welshpool, Victoria, on
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B907FFF11C867B61FAF4FEF8" box="[1193,1299,296,320]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B907FFF11C867B61FAF4FEF8" box="[1193,1299,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Caulerpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF11D467B6EFA70FE87" box="[1385,1431,295,319]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF119617B05FE36FEDC" box="[334,465,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1978-02-25">25/02/1978</date>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B907FFF119F37B05FCDFFEDC" box="[476,824,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material in author’s collection</emphasis>
: Western Port, Victoria, on wharf piling, coll: J. Watson, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF1193F7B26FEDAFE3F" box="[272,317,367,391]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
,
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF119677B26FE59FE3F" box="[328,446,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1994-12-03">3/12/1994</date>
. Port Welshpool jetty, on the green alga
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B907FFF11B527B39FC01FE30" box="[893,998,368,392]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B907FFF11B527B39FC01FE30" box="[893,998,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Caulerpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF11C157B26FB81FE3F" box="[1082,1126,367,391]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF11D0C7B26FA7EFE3F" box="[1315,1433,367,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1978-02-25">25/2/1978</date>
. Gabo Island, eastern Victoria, on red alga and sponge, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF11B677BDDFC63FE14" box="[840,900,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF11C697BDDFB5CFE14" box="[1094,1211,404,428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1972-02-15">15/2/1972</date>
. Coniston Bay, Port Kembla, New South
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B907FFF119AD7BFEFE2EFE77" box="[386,457,439,463]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wales</collectingCountry>
, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF11A377BFEFDB5FE77" box="[536,594,439,463]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
, on mussels coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF11BBB7BFEFBEDFE77" box="[916,1034,439,463]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1975-09-12">12/9/1975</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B907FFEE18E87B92FC53FADC" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118E87B92FA97FD3C" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B907FFF118E87B92FD58FE4C" bold="true" box="[199,703,475,500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Description from
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B907FFF119B27B95FDE3FE4C" box="[413,516,476,500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B907FFF11A6D7B95FD5DFE4C" box="[578,698,476,500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Colony arising from a ramified hydrorhiza; stolons tubular, surface moderately smooth, poorly adherent to substrate. Stems erect, monosiphonic, to
<quantity id="6430B5F7B907FFF11CB27BB6FB01FDAF" box="[1181,1254,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, typically unbranched, but sometimes with a single short side branch, basal segment of hydrocladium of same diameter as stolon, beginning with one, sometimes two athecate internodes of variable length with a strong transverse node followed by a longer internode with long oblique distal joint, two or three nematothecae in a line along internode.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118EA78C6FA6CFD57" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydrocladium comprising alternate long, slender hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes; ahydrothecate internode usually the longer, ahydrothecate internode with a transverse to weakly oblique proximal node, sometimes marked only by an indentation in perisarc, distal node long, oblique, ending just below floor of hydrotheca.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118EA78B5FF28FCC7" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydrotheca cup-shaped, set at an angle of 40–45° to hydrocladial axis, walls straight to slightly expanding, abcauline wall thicker than adcauline, margin transverse to hydrothecal axis, weakly everted, perisarc thinning distally to margin, rim entire, floor of hydrotheca concave, a foramen connecting with internode at base of abcauline wall.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118EA79C5FD19FBC4" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ahydrothecate internode with one median nematotheca almost central on internode, nematotheca bithalamic, base stout, almost adnate to internode, cup reduced to a triangle; three nematothecae on hydrothecate internode, one inferior median, bithalamic, base stout, closely adnate to internode, cup similar to median; twin lateral nematothecae not reaching hydrothecal margin, basal chamber cylindrical, about same length as nematotheca, basal chamber of nematotheca elongate conical, cup wide and shallow, reduced on side facing hydrotheca; median superior nematotheca bithalamic, beak-shaped with stout base, tucked below hydrotheca. Hydrorhiza with scattered nematothecae similar to laterals, but with longer bases.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118EA7EC1FB45FA88" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Male gonotheca facing forward along hydrocladium, borne on a pedicel of two or three short segments beside median inferior nematotheca; kidney-shaped to ovoid, walls smooth, perisarc thin; one long conical nematotheca above base, basal chamber of nematotheca long, narrow, cup shallow saucer-shaped. Aperture of gonotheca terminal, circular, slightly oblique to gonothecal axis, operculum a sheet of tissue. Female similar to male, but with two large nematothecae near base, gonophores developing into a single large planula at maturity.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118EA7F75FCF5FAED" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[197,786,1340,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cnidome comprising two categories of nematocysts:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118B87FCDFED0FA5C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1412,1545]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
i) microbasic mastigophore (?p-mastigophore), capsule bean-shaped, 16–
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF11C297FCDFBC6FA24" box="[1030,1057,1412,1436]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1917-10-10" valueMax="1917-10-12" valueMin="1917-10-10">17</date>
x 10–12 µm, shaft 10–12 µm, inflated about mid length to distal third with two rows of spines, thread thick, moderately long, abundant, site unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118B87FB9FB16F9B0" blockId="15.[151,1436,1412,1545]" box="[151,1265,1520,1545]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
ii)?isorhiza, capsule small, pyriform, 4–
<date id="D7763ED2B907FFF11A417FB9FD9CF9B0" box="[622,635,1520,1544]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6</date>
x 2–3 µm, thread thick, moderately long, site unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B907FFF118EA7C71FD9AF9E8" blockId="15.[197,637,1592,1617]" box="[197,637,1592,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colour of colonies pale creamy yellow.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB918FFEE18B87AD1FD5EFF16" box="[151,697,152,174]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE18B87AD1FD5EFF16" blockId="16.[151,949,152,1380]" box="[151,697,152,174]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE18B87AD1FEE3FF15" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE19257AD1FE3BFF16" box="[266,476,152,174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="singulata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE19257AD1FE3BFF16" box="[266,476,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antennella singulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE18B07A80FED6FF67" blockId="16.[151,949,152,1380]" box="[159,305,201,223]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hydrocladium</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE18837ABBFC53FDEB" blockId="16.[151,949,152,1380]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">basal length of athecate internode 120–320 basal length of nematothecate internode 360–624 diameter of internode 56–64 basal length of nematothecate internode 240–312 basal length of hydrothecate internode 200–224 width at transverse node 48–52 length of abcauline wall 152–160 length of free adcauline wall 112–120 diameter at rim 176–192</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE18B0782FFEC2FDC4" blockId="16.[151,949,152,1380]" box="[159,293,614,636]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nematotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE188A78D9FC7DFBFA" blockId="16.[151,949,152,1380]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">median, athecate segment, length base 30–40 median, abcauline depth of cup 20–26 median inferior, length base 40–58 median inferior, abcauline depth of cup 28–30 lateral, length of pedicel 50–58 lateral, length of base to cup 24–36 width cup, lateral view 50–51 median superior, length 24–36 gonothecal, length of base 64–88 gonothecal, length of base 80–82 gonothecal, depth of cup 32–40</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE18B07E1FFEEAFBD4" blockId="16.[151,949,152,1380]" box="[159,269,1110,1132]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gonotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE188A7EC9FC53FADC" blockId="16.[151,949,152,1380]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
female, length of pedicel 56–
<specimenCount id="B5CED39BB918FFEE1BAE7EC9FC7DFB2E" box="[897,922,1152,1174]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">72</specimenCount>
female, length 432–
<specimenCount id="B5CED39BB918FFEE1BA17EE0FC53FB07" box="[910,948,1193,1215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">456</specimenCount>
female, maximum width 240–
<specimenCount id="B5CED39BB918FFEE1BA17E9AFC53FB50" box="[910,948,1235,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">280</specimenCount>
male, length of pedicel 80–
<specimenCount id="B5CED39BB918FFEE1BAB7EB5FF3EFA83" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">11 male</specimenCount>
, length, excluding pedicel 448–
<specimenCount id="B5CED39BB918FFEE1BA17F6CFC53FA83" box="[910,948,1317,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">560</specimenCount>
male, maximum width 256–280
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B918FFEE18EA7FEDFB1BF965" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE18EA7FEDFCCDF9BC" blockId="16.[151,1436,1444,2008]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE18EA7FEDFEDEFA04" bold="true" box="[197,313,1444,1468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis>
Six species of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE19C57FEDFD84FA04" box="[490,611,1444,1468]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE19C57FEDFD84FA04" box="[490,611,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antennella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are reported from
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B918FFEE1B117FEDFC4EFA04" box="[830,937,1444,1468]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1B9A7FEDFAEAFA04" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[949,1293,1444,1468]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1B9A7FEDFBB5FA04" box="[949,1106,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. secundaria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1C4C7FEDFAE3FA04" author="Gmelin" box="[1123,1284,1444,1468]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) In: Linne, C. Systema Naturae. ed. 13. Vermes. 1 (6), 3021 - 3910. Lipsiae." type="journal article" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1D357FEDFEC2FA67" authority="Bale, 1894" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1894" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubulosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1D357FEDFA7CFA04" box="[1306,1435,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. tubulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE18B07F8EFEFAFA67" author="Bale" box="[159,285,1479,1503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Bale, W. M. (1894) Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 6, 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE191F7F81FCB9FA67" authority="Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1909" authorityName="Mulder &amp; Trebilcock" authorityYear="1909" box="[304,862,1479,1504]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulaformis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE191F7F81FDF5FA58" box="[304,530,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. campanulaformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1A0F7F8EFCB1FA67" author="Mulder" box="[544,854,1479,1503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Mulder, J. F. &amp; Trebilcock, R. E. (1909). Notes on Victorian Hydroida. With descriptions of new species. Geelong Naturalist, 4, 29 - 35." type="journal article" year="1909">Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1BBB7F81FA70FA67" authority="Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1909" authorityName="Mulder &amp; Trebilcock" authorityYear="1909" box="[916,1431,1479,1504]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="microscopica">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1BBB7F81FBAEFA58" box="[916,1097,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. microscopica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1C787F8EFA77FA67" author="Mulder" box="[1111,1424,1479,1503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Mulder, J. F. &amp; Trebilcock, R. E. (1909). Notes on Victorian Hydroida. With descriptions of new species. Geelong Naturalist, 4, 29 - 35." type="journal article" year="1909">Mulder &amp; Trebilcock, 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE18B87FA5FE49F9BC" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,430,1516,1540]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE18B87FA5FF11F9BC" box="[151,246,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. dubia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE18D27FA5FE49F9BC" author="Stechow" box="[253,430,1516,1540]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Stechow, E. (1923 b) Die Hydroidenfauna der japanischen Region. Journal of the Imperial University of Tokyo, 44, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="b">Stechow, 1923b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE19CA7FA5FCC1F9BC" authority="Stechow, 1923" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1923" box="[485,806,1516,1540]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siliquosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE19CA7FA5FD8DF9BC" box="[485,618,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. siliquosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1A5F7FA5FCC1F9BC" author="Stechow" box="[624,806,1516,1540]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Stechow, E. (1923 b) Die Hydroidenfauna der japanischen Region. Journal of the Imperial University of Tokyo, 44, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="b">Stechow, 1923b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE18EA7C58FB1BF965" blockId="16.[151,1436,1444,2008]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
In a review of the family
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE19CD7C46FCB6F99F" authority="Schuchert (1997)" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" box="[482,849,1551,1575]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Halopterididae
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1AA07C46FCB6F99F" author="Schuchert" box="[655,849,1551,1575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
examined the
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B918FFEE1BDA7C58FBC2F991" box="[1013,1061,1553,1577]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1C937C59FA96F990" box="[1212,1393,1552,1576]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="microscopica">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1C937C59FA96F990" box="[1212,1393,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. microscopica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but found it too fragmentary for confident recognition. No more material of
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1B947C7DFB97F9F4" box="[955,1136,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. microscopica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found; it is likely to be a poorly preserved specimen of another species of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1B337C11FC72F9C8" box="[796,917,1624,1648]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1B337C11FC72F9C8" box="[796,917,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antennella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1B8A7C11FBC1F9C8" box="[933,1062,1624,1648]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tubulosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1B8A7C11FBC1F9C8" box="[933,1062,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. tubulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare species which has been recorded only twice, once from the
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B918FFEE1A087C34FDB0F92D" box="[551,599,1661,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
locality of Port Phillip (
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1B477C35FC39F92C" author="Bale" box="[872,990,1660,1684]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Bale, W. M. (1894) Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 6, 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale 1894</bibRefCitation>
) and from Pearson Island in the eastern Great Australian Bight (
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE19877CD6FDA5F90F" author="Watson" box="[424,578,1695,1719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Watson, J. E. (1973) Pearson Island expedition 1969 - 9. Hydroids. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 97 (3), 153 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">Watson 1973</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1A797CD6FCFEF90F" author="Schuchert" box="[598,793,1695,1719]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1B847CE9FB68F900" box="[939,1167,1696,1720]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanulaformis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1B847CE9FB68F900" box="[939,1167,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. campanulaformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mulder &amp; Trebilcock’s
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B918FFEE18CA7C8CFEF2F965" box="[229,277,1733,1757]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
material and included
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1A397C8DFD92F964" box="[534,629,1732,1756]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1A397C8DFD92F964" box="[534,629,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. dubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1A847C8DFCC8F964" box="[683,815,1732,1756]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siliquosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1A847C8DFCC8F964" box="[683,815,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. siliquosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Western
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in its synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B918FFEF18EA7CA1FADCFF4F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEE18EA7CA1FD5CF8D4" blockId="16.[151,1436,1444,2008]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE18EA7CA1FE87F8B8" ID-CoL="5V9KK" box="[197,352,1768,1792]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE18EA7CA1FE87F8B8" box="[197,352,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widely distributed species in southern
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B918FFEE1B117CAEFC42F947" box="[830,933,1767,1791]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1B9C7CAEFB83F947" author="Stechow" box="[947,1124,1767,1791]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Stechow, E. (1923 b) Die Hydroidenfauna der japanischen Region. Journal of the Imperial University of Tokyo, 44, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1923" yearSuffix="b">Stechow 1923b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1C407CA0FAEBF947" author="Watson" box="[1135,1292,1767,1792]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Watson, J. E. (1973) Pearson Island expedition 1969 - 9. Hydroids. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 97 (3), 153 - 200." type="journal article" year="1973">Watson (1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1D387CAEFAB5F947" author="Watson" box="[1303,1362,1767,1791]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Watson, J. E. (1997) The hydroid fauna of the Houtman Albrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In Wells, F. E. (ed). The Marine Fauna of the Houtman Albrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 503 - 546." type="book chapter" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1D727CAEFA7FF947" author="Watson" box="[1373,1432,1767,1791]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Watson, J. E. (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
, 2002, 2003), Queensland (
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE19917D45FD91F89C" author="Pennycuik" box="[446,630,1804,1828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Pennycuik, P. R. (1959) Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. Marine and brackish water hydroids. Papers of the Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, 1, 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1959">Pennycuik 1959</bibRefCitation>
) and northern
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B918FFEE1B347D45FC65F89C" box="[795,898,1804,1828]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1BBF7D45FBCEF89C" author="Watson" box="[912,1065,1804,1828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Watson, J. E. (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">Watson 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B918FFEE1C147D45FB1BF89C" author="Schuchert" box="[1083,1276,1804,1828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1DAB7D45FEF4F8F0" ID-CoL="5V9KK" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1DAB7D45FEF4F8F0" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a very variable species with one to three median nematothecae on the ahydrothecate internode, suggesting it may prove to be a group of species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B918FFEF18EA7D31FBE7FF6C" blockId="16.[151,1436,1444,2008]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The finding of the present material led to re-examination of the author’s extensive collection of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B918FFEE1D0C7D31FA7BF828" ID-CoL="7NP7S" box="[1315,1436,1912,1936]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B918FFEE1D0C7D31FA7BF828" box="[1315,1436,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antennella</emphasis>
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from southeastern
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B918FFEE19447DD5FE31F80C" box="[363,470,1948,1972]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
. While many specimens bear two to three median inferior nematothecae on the ahydrothecate internode, some from various localities consistently bore only one on a long, slender internode; it is here recognised as a new species,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B919FFEF19C77AD1FD35FF08" ID-CoL="679KL" box="[488,722,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="singulata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B919FFEF19C77AD1FD35FF08" box="[488,722,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Antennella singulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B919FFEF1ACD7AD1FC8BFF08" ID-CoL="679KL" box="[738,876,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="singulata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B919FFEF1ACD7AD1FD14FF08" box="[738,755,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B919FFEF1B2B7AD1FC8BFF08" box="[772,876,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">singulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to but is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B919FFEF1DAB7AD1FEF4FF6C" ID-CoL="5V9KK" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B919FFEF1DAB7AD1FEF4FF6C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. secundaria</emphasis>
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by the single median nematotheca on the ahydrothecate internode.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B919FFEF18EA7AA9FADCFF4F" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[197,1339,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B919FFEF18EA7AA9FE4AFF40" ID-CoL="679KL" box="[197,429,224,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="singulata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B919FFEF18EA7AA9FE4AFF40" box="[197,429,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Antennella singulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs on a variety of substrates including soft sponges, mussel shells and algae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B919FFEF18EA7B4DFBDCFEA4" box="[197,1083,260,284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A3771812B919FFEF18EA7B4DFBDCFEA4" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[197,1083,260,284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B919FFEF18EA7B4DFEACFEA4" bold="true" box="[197,331,260,284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the single nematotheca on the ahydrothecate internode.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B919FFEF18EA7B6EFA71FE87" box="[197,1430,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A3771812B919FFEF18EA7B6EFA71FE87" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[197,1430,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B919FFEF18EA7B6EFEB9FEF8" bold="true" box="[197,350,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
Western Port, Port Phillip and south-eastern Australian coast to Port Kembla, New South
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B919FFEF1D647B6EFA75FE87" box="[1355,1426,295,319]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Wales</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Allman, 1877
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<mods:namePart id="7615DD02DB28A2150CECB3521A330D14">Watson, Jeanette E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0A9DF022F90E86847EE1A4443B497277">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="2BE009C42432759F2CBB1701445AD39F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F9A888C156C17C73F0671F5A4E32C45F">
<mods:title id="E711C4F85DD2AE2806112A10C0720455">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5E0E29AEB3F66688E4EDCDCD68567980">
<mods:date id="CADEEC231788C5C0532A2AACA49C97CE">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="853F6834B746A0736E8D6D547D94C0F1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2E83D515F2CEA18D5874F6CC979D8DF5">3122</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9D6596C2F8B8E840D3ED0004A8771E9D">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D00ECEE7528E3BE971CB8B0B76B8C6D8">36</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="61047961BF721B68BF9316D981357739">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DD6C493598EC9CDD27529096F5A50FE4" type="CLB-Dataset">45833</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B1C6E6CB44C6F4B0D3E8F69A29F596B6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.203966</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79E5CC60206EF732BA0FB7E009006C68" type="GBIF-Dataset">473b918b-d698-4f39-bcbb-f19a2667753a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EB937420A286C7FDF792BAC0D114187E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E63D9C42F59370C41EB682686BBB1DCE" type="Zenodo-Dep">203966</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2B61A904B909FFFC18B87F13FAECF84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184734" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119425506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184734" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B61A904B909FFFC18B87F13FAECF84A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B61A904B909FFFC18B87F13FAECF84A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B909FFFF18B87F13FEECFA2D" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A3771812B909FFFF18B87F13FDE9FACC" blockId="1.[151,526,1370,1429]" box="[151,526,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="F83FAF7EB909FFFF18B87F13FDE9FACC" bold="true" box="[151,526,1370,1396]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B909FFFF18B87F13FDE9FACC" bold="true" box="[151,526,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B909FFFF18B87F13FE4FFACC" ID-CoL="QCBZ" box="[151,424,1370,1396]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cliftonia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B909FFFF18B87F13FE4FFACC" bold="true" box="[151,424,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Campanulina cliftonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB909FFFF199F7F13FDE9FACC" box="[432,526,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B909FFFF18B87F34FEECFA2D" blockId="1.[151,526,1370,1429]" box="[151,267,1405,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B909FFFF18B87F34FF34FA2D" box="[151,211,1405,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1125,1148]" captionTargetBox="[326,1270,186,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[258,1337,131,1114]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Campanulina cliftonia sp. nov. A, hydrotheca with extended hydranth, drawn from live material. B, hydrothecae showing tufted operculum. C, intertentacular web of hydranth. D, large anisorhiza. E, small anisorhiza. Scale bar: A, 1 mm, B, 0.3 mm, C, 0.1 mm, D, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203967/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–E
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B909FFFC18B87F8CFC76FCA3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A3771812B909FFFF18B87F8CFCD4F9D5" blockId="1.[151,1436,1477,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B909FFFF18B87F8CFE64FA66" bold="true" box="[151,387,1477,1502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B909FFFF19A27F8CFE1FFA65" box="[397,504,1477,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B909FFFF1A287F8FFDAEFA65" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[519,585,1478,1501]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">NMV</collectionCode>
F171352, infertile colony on dead bryozoan on floating pontoon, Clifton Springs boat harbour, Port Phillip, depth 0.3 m, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B909FFFF1B497FA0FC3CF9B9" box="[870,987,1513,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2009-04-07">7/04/2009</date>
.
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B909FFFF1BC97FA3FBACF9BA" box="[998,1099,1514,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B909FFFF1C797FA3FB70F9B9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[1110,1175,1514,1537]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">NMV</collectionCode>
F171353, infertile colony on serpulid tube, on floating pontoon, Clifton Springs boat harbour, Port Phillip, depth 0.2 m, coll: J. Watson
<date id="D7763ED2B909FFFF18B87C78FEFDF9F1" box="[151,282,1585,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2010-02-22">22/02/2010</date>
.
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B909FFFF19097C7BFE6CF9F2" box="[294,395,1586,1610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B909FFFF19B87C7BFE3FF9F1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[407,472,1586,1609]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">NMV</collectionCode>
F171354, infertile colony on mussel shell, St Leonards pier, Port Phillip, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B909FFFF1D467C78FA70F9F1" box="[1385,1431,1585,1609]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B909FFFF19657C1CFE2AF9D5" box="[330,461,1621,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2010-01-20">20/01/2010</date>
. All material ethanol preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B909FFFF18E87C30FD56F8D1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1477,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B909FFFF18E87C30FC61F92A" bold="true" box="[199,902,1657,1682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Description from
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B909FFFF19887C33FDE9F92A" box="[423,526,1658,1682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B909FFFF1A787C33FD25F92A" box="[599,706,1658,1682]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(live material).
</emphasis>
Colony minute, stolonal, hydrorhiza loosely attached to substrate, stolons tubular. Hydrothecal pedicels arising irregularly from stolon, diameter about same as stolon; pedicels variable in length, weakly corrugated to almost smooth, cylindrical or expanding slightly to base of hydrotheca, perisarc thin. Hydrotheca slender bud-shaped to almost tubular, variable in length, operculum comprising up to 20 thin segments arising in distal half to quarter of hydrotheca and converging in a tuft; no demarcation with body of hydrotheca; perisarc of hydrotheca and opercular segments thin; hydrothecal diaphragm usually indistinct but concave in
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B909FFFF19557D1BFE39F8D2" box="[378,478,1874,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
; no nematophores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B909FFFF18EA7D3CFA8DF86D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1477,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Hydranth very extensile with a whorl of 16–20 long moniliform tentacles with rings of nematocysts; tentacles extended in an amphicoronate pattern, base of tentacles connected by a conspicuous web with groups of large nematocysts; hypostome small, conical. Column of extended hydranth 0.5–1.0 mm long, tentacles to 0.7 mm long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18B87ADEFE6CFF17" blockId="2.[151,395,151,175]" box="[151,395,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cnidome comprising:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18B87A96FE24FEA4" blockId="2.[151,1435,223,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
i) anisorhizas, capsule bean-shaped,
<date id="D7763ED2B90AFFFC1A697A96FD47FF4F" box="[582,672,223,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1917-10-19">17–19 x</date>
6 µm, shaft ~20 µm long, finely spinous, thread very long, probably in intertentacular web.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18B87B6EFB98FE87" blockId="2.[151,1435,223,320]" box="[151,1151,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
ii) anisorhizas, narrow canoe-shaped,
<date id="D7763ED2B90AFFFC1A7F7B6EFD7BFE87" box="[592,668,295,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1911-10-08">8–11 x</date>
2.5–3 µm, shaft ~15 µm long, in tentacles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18E87B26FD5FFE3F" blockId="2.[199,696,367,391]" box="[199,696,367,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colony transparent white, hypostome white.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB90AFFFC18B87BFBFD2BFE71" box="[151,716,434,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18B87BFBFD2BFE71" blockId="2.[151,939,434,795]" box="[151,716,434,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC18B87BFBFEE3FE70" bold="true" box="[151,260,434,456]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC19257BFBFE08FE70" box="[266,495,434,456]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cliftonia">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC19257BFBFE08FE70" box="[266,495,434,456]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina cliftonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18B07BAAFC76FE41" blockId="2.[151,939,434,795]" box="[159,913,483,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hydrorhiza, width 52–60</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18B07844FF0DFD9B" blockId="2.[151,939,434,795]" box="[159,234,525,547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pedicel</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC188A787FFC76FDCE" blockId="2.[151,939,434,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">length 104–180 Diameter 48–56</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18B078C0FEF2FD27" blockId="2.[151,939,434,795]" box="[159,277,649,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC188378FBFC76FCA3" blockId="2.[151,939,434,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">length, diaphragm to apex 300–360 maximum diameter 144–160 diameter at diaphragm 52–60</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90AFFFC18EA7912FE35FB46" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18EA7912FA69FBF2" blockId="2.[151,1436,858,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC18EA7912FEDEFCCB" bold="true" box="[197,313,859,883]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC196A7912FE3AFCCB" box="[325,477,859,883]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC196A7912FE3AFCCB" box="[325,477,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a poorly known genus with few described species, some of which have been assigned to the genus merely as a convenient repository for difficult material. Authors’ opinions differ widely about the validity of the genus:
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC19D479EBFD20FC02" author="Cornelius" box="[507,711,930,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. In R. S. K. Barnes &amp; J. H. Crothers (eds), Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 50, 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Cornelius (1995a)</bibRefCitation>
included it in the family
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1BCB79EBFADEFC02" authority="Hincks, 1868" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1868" box="[996,1337,930,954]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Campanulinidae
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1C8C79EBFADEFC02" author="Hincks" box="[1187,1337,930,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Hincks, T. (1868) A History of British Hydroid Zoophytes. John van Voorst, London. 1, 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1868">Hincks, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
whereas
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC18B8798FFED0FC66" author="Calder" box="[151,311,966,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Calder, D. R. (2003) Subtidal hydroids (Cnidaria) of Northumberland Strait, Atlantic Canada, with observations on their life cycles and distribution. Canadian Field-Naturalist 117 (4), 555 - 564." type="journal article" year="2003">Calder (2003)</bibRefCitation>
referred it to the Phialelliidae Russell, 1953.
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1B7E798FFAC4FC66" authority="Van Beneden, 1847" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1847" box="[849,1315,966,990]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1B7E798FFBD0FC66" box="[849,1079,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina tenuis</emphasis>
Van Beneden, 1847
</taxonomicName>
(see Rees 1939) lacked an operculum but possessed an intertentacular web. Later concepts included species with an operculum and webbed tentacles. Until the ramifications of the genus are unravelled I follow
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1C467E47FA87FB9E" box="[1129,1376,1038,1063]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J-M. &amp; Boero, F. (2006) An Introduction to Hydrozoa. Publications Scientifiques du Museum Paris. 591 pp." type="book">
Bouillon
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1CFC7E59FAEBFB9E" box="[1235,1292,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
, who describe
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC18D47E7AFE74FBF3" box="[251,403,1075,1099]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC18D47E7AFE74FBF3" box="[251,403,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as uniting ‘campanulinid type’ hydroids with unknown or incompletely known life cycles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18EA7E1FFE35FB46" blockId="2.[151,1436,858,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Species of
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC19667E1FFE0EFBD6" box="[329,489,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulinia</emphasis>
listed by
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1A4C7E1FFC83FBD6" box="[611,868,1110,1135]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J-M. &amp; Boero, F. (2006) An Introduction to Hydrozoa. Publications Scientifiques du Museum Paris. 591 pp." type="book">
Bouillon
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1AFE7E11FCE1FBD6" box="[721,774,1110,1135]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al</emphasis>
. (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
are:
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1B8A7E1FFA94FBD6" authority="G.O. Sars, 1874" authorityName="G.O. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[933,1395,1110,1134]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1B8A7E1FFB4CFBD6" box="[933,1195,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1C997E1FFA94FBD6" author="Sars" box="[1206,1395,1110,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabsselscabet i Kristiania, 1873, 91 - 150." type="journal article" year="1874">G.O. Sars, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1DAD7E1EFE77FB2A" authority="Clarke, 1875" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1875" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1DAD7E1EFF02FB2B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. pumila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC18DC7E33FE60FB2A" author="Clarke" box="[243,391,1146,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Clarke, S. F. (1875) Descriptions of some new and rare species of hydroids from the New England coasts. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy for Arts and Sciences, 3, 58 - 66." type="journal article" year="1875">Clarke, 1875</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC19B47E32FD42FB2A" authority="Nutting 1901" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1901" box="[411,677,1146,1171]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC19B47E32FDEEFB2B" box="[411,521,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. rugosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1A207E33FD42FB2A" author="Nutting" box="[527,677,1146,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1901) Papers from the Harriman Alaskan Expedition, 21. The Hydroids. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 157 - 216." type="journal article" year="1901">Nutting 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1A9F7E32FC42FB2A" authority="Bale, 1924" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1924" box="[688,933,1146,1171]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1A9F7E32FCC5FB2B" box="[688,802,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. humilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1B067E33FC42FB2A" author="Bale" box="[809,933,1146,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Bale, W. M. (1924) Report on some hydroids from the New Zealand coast, with notes on New Zealand Hydroida generally, supplementing Farquhar's list. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 55, 225 - 268." type="journal article" year="1924">Bale, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1B807E32FB56FB2A" authority="Fraser 1938" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1938" box="[943,1201,1146,1171]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1B807E32FBC4FB2B" box="[943,1059,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. ramosa</emphasis>
Fraser 1938
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1C947E32FEE2FB0E" authority="Billard 1940" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1940" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maduraensis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1C947E32FA8DFB2B" box="[1211,1386,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. maduraensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1D5F7E33FEE2FB0E" author="Billard" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Billard, A. (1940) Note sur deux especes nouvelles de Campanulinidae (Hydroides) Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 62, 292 - 293." type="journal article" year="1940">Billard 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC196E7ED6FD4FFB0E" authority="Billard, 1940" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1940" box="[321,680,1182,1206]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucilaminosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC196E7ED6FDEFFB0E" box="[321,520,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. paucilaminosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1A3F7ED7FD4FFB0E" author="Billard" box="[528,680,1182,1206]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Billard, A. (1940) Note sur deux especes nouvelles de Campanulinidae (Hydroides) Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 62, 292 - 293." type="journal article" year="1940">Billard, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1A9C7ED7FC0EFB0E" box="[691,1001,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1A9C7ED7FC02FB0E" box="[691,997,1182,1206]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maduraensis">Campanulina maduraensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
C.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1C3C7EE9FB14FB0E" box="[1043,1267,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1C3C7EE9FB83FB0F" box="[1043,1124,1184,1207]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">rugosa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1C407ED6FB14FB0E" box="[1135,1267,1182,1206]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">C. panicula</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1D047ED6FF11FB63" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucilaminosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1D047ED6FAD9FB0E" box="[1323,1342,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1D637ED7FF11FB63" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">paucilaminosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form relatively tall branched colonies, some species are fascicled and most have fewer opercular segments than
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC18E17EAFFE2DFB46" box="[206,458,1254,1278]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cliftonia">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC18E17EAFFE2DFB46" box="[206,458,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina cliftonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90AFFFC18EA7F42FCF4F876" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18EA7F42FA68FA0B" blockId="2.[151,1436,858,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC18EA7F42FDB7FA9A" authority="Bale, 1924" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1924" box="[197,592,1290,1315]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC18EA7F42FE58FA9B" box="[197,447,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina humilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC19E17F43FDB7FA9A" author="Bale" box="[462,592,1290,1314]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Bale, W. M. (1924) Report on some hydroids from the New Zealand coast, with notes on New Zealand Hydroida generally, supplementing Farquhar's list. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 55, 225 - 268." type="journal article" year="1924">Bale, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Professor Chilton’s collection in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch of material from the hull of the
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1AD37F79FC9CFAFF" box="[764,891,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1AD37F79FCDEFAFF" ID-CoL="9CM7N" box="[764,825,1328,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Terra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Terra</taxonomicName>
Nova
</emphasis>
when in Lyttleton Harbour,
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B90AFFFC1C997F66FAA8FAFE" box="[1206,1359,1326,1350]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1D767F67FF06FAD2" author="Ralph" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1957) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part I. Campanulariidae and Campanulinidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 84, 811 - 854." type="journal article" year="1957">Ralph (1957)</bibRefCitation>
examined the
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B90AFFFC19A77F1AFE5FFAD3" box="[392,440,1363,1387]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
microslide and provided a detailed supplementary description of the species as
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1D6F7F1AFEDDFA36" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1D6F7F1AFEDDFA36" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Opercularella humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately this slide of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1A597F3EFD0DFA36" box="[630,746,1398,1422]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1A597F3EFD0DFA36" box="[630,746,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was destroyed in a mail robbery in
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B90AFFFC1C527F3EFAF4FA36" box="[1149,1299,1398,1422]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
when being returned to the Canterbury Museum (P.M. Ralph,
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1AEB7FD5FCD6FA0B" box="[708,817,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pers. com</emphasis>
., 1960). There is no more known material of the
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B90AFFFC1D777FD2FA6BFA0B" box="[1368,1420,1435,1459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18EA7FF7FE4CF96B" blockId="2.[151,1436,858,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Trebilcock (1928) described and figured stolonal and branched specimens he identified as
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1C947FF7FF55FA43" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1C947FF7FF55FA43" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Dunedin,
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B90AFFFC19487FAAFDE6FA42" box="[359,513,1506,1530]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, speculating that the branching habit and closely annulated pedicels bring it close to
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC189B7C4FFDDBF9A6" authority="Hincks, 1868" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1868" box="[180,572,1542,1567]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="turrita">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC189B7C4FFE7AF9A7" box="[180,413,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina turrita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC198A7C4FFDDBF9A6" author="Hincks" box="[421,572,1542,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Hincks, T. (1868) A History of British Hydroid Zoophytes. John van Voorst, London. 1, 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1868">Hincks, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(now included in
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1B257C4FFC96F9A6" ID-CoL="7PRB5" box="[778,881,1542,1566]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1B257C4FFC96F9A6" box="[778,881,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phialella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). I have examined Trebilcock’s microslide in the collection of Museum Victoria and find it identical with
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1B1D7C62FB26F9FA" ID-CoL="4G3WQ" authority="Forbes, 1848" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[818,1217,1578,1603]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1B1D7C62FBECF9FB" box="[818,1035,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phialella quadrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1C327C63FB5EF9FA" author="Forbes" box="[1053,1209,1578,1602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Forbes, E. (1848). A monograph of the British Naked-eye Medusae with figures of all the species. The Ray Society, London, 104 pp." type="book" year="1848">Forbes, 1848</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1CFF7C63FA7BF9FA" author="Pennycuik" box="[1232,1436,1578,1602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Pennycuik, P. R. (1959) Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. Marine and brackish water hydroids. Papers of the Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, 1, 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1959">Pennycuik (1959)</bibRefCitation>
recorded fertile colonies of?
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC19C87C07FD06F9DE" box="[487,737,1614,1638]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC19C87C07FD06F9DE" box="[487,737,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Opercularella humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from rock pools in southern Queensland, her figures of the gonothecae, each containing a developing medusa, brought
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1B147C3AFC56F933" box="[827,945,1651,1675]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1B147C3AFC56F933" box="[827,945,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
close to
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1C377C3AFB0AF933" ID-CoL="4G3WQ" box="[1048,1261,1651,1675]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1C377C3AFB0AF933" box="[1048,1261,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phialella quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, neither she, nor
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC19057CDEFDB1F916" author="Vervoort" box="[298,598,1686,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) Marine Fauna of New Zealand. Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
took the final step of synonymising
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1BDC7CDFFA7CF916" box="[1011,1435,1686,1710]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis" subGenus="Opercularella">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1BDC7CDFFB6BF916" box="[1011,1164,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1CB37CDFFADFF916" box="[1180,1336,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Opercularella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1D667CDFFA7CF916" box="[1353,1435,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">humilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC18E07CF2FE4CF96B" box="[207,427,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC18E07CF2FE40F96B" ID-CoL="4G3WQ" box="[207,423,1723,1747]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">Phialella quadrata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18EA7C97FDA1F83E" blockId="2.[151,1436,858,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Infertile pedicellate colonies of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1A1B7C97FCD4F94E" ID-CoL="QCBZ" box="[564,819,1758,1782]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cliftonia">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1A1B7C97FCD4F94E" box="[564,819,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina cliftonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
slightly resemble
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1C267C97FB06F94E" ID-CoL="4G3WQ" box="[1033,1249,1758,1782]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1C267C97FB06F94E" box="[1033,1249,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phialella quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but that species has more deeply corrugated, strictly cylindrical pedicels and smaller hydrothecae with fewer opercular flaps that do not meet in an apical tuft (see
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC19C47D6EFD77F886" author="Watson" box="[491,656,1830,1854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Watson, J. E. (1994 b) New records and redescriptions of thecate hydroids from southern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 106, 147 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994" yearSuffix="b">Watson 1994b</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90AFFFC1A8C7D6FFCDFF886" author="Ralph" box="[675,824,1830,1854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1957) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part I. Campanulariidae and Campanulinidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 84, 811 - 854." type="journal article" year="1957">Ralph (1957)</bibRefCitation>
examined a specimen of the medusa
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1CF27D61FA7CF886" box="[1245,1435,1830,1855]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Eucope" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="annulata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1CF27D61FA7CF886" box="[1245,1435,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eucope annulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von Lendenfeld, 1885 held in the Australian Museum. She found Lendenfeld’s description misleading and identified the medusa as that of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC19937D39FDD8F83E" ID-CoL="4G3WQ" box="[444,575,1902,1927]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC19937D39FDD8F83E" box="[444,575,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18EA7DDBFCF4F876" blockId="2.[151,1436,858,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Although infertile, the new species is referred for the present to
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90AFFFC1B9C7DDAFBACF813" ID-CoL="7NRR6" box="[947,1099,1939,1963]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC1B9C7DDAFBACF813" box="[947,1099,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Campanulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Reconsideration of its taxonomic position must await the finding of fertile material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90AFFFC18E87D92FAECF84A" box="[199,1291,2010,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90AFFFC18E87D92FAECF84A" blockId="2.[151,1436,858,2035]" box="[199,1291,2010,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90AFFFC18E87D92FEA9F84B" bold="true" box="[199,334,2011,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named for the
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B90AFFFC1AB47D92FD2CF84B" box="[667,715,2011,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
locality of Clifton Springs in Port Phillip, Victoria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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van Beneden, 1847
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B90BFFFD18B87F4DFE99FAA6" bold="true" box="[151,382,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Campanulina elata</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="3BF30497B90BFFFD18B87F6EFF30FA87" box="[151,215,1319,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1592,1615]" captionTargetBox="[285,1314,522,1591]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[285,1314,518,1592]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Campanulina elata sp. nov. A, hydrotheca and extended hydranth, drawn from live material. B, three hydrothecae on hydrorhiza. C, D, hydrothecae with opercular remnants. E, microbasic mastigophore from tentacles. Scale bar: A, B, 0.3 mm, C, D, 0.2 mm, E, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203968/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–E
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B90BFFFD18B87F26FE67FA30" bold="true" box="[151,384,1391,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined.</emphasis>
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,
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F171356, infertile colony of 20 hydrothecae on mussel shell, Clifton Springs boat harbour, depth
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, coll: J. Watson,
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. Material examined alive, initially preserved in 4% formalin and later transferred to 70% ethanol.
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Description from
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(from live material).
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Colony stolonal, hydrorhiza reticulate, stolons tubular, weakly rugose; pedicellate hydrothecae borne at intervals along stolon. Hydrotheca small, weakly conical to cylindrical, borne on a short indistinct pedicel with three or four basal twists; body of hydrotheca smooth to faintly rugose, margin circular with slightly thickened rim, operculum of c. 10 triangular flaps meeting apically, a distinct crease-line around margin, opercular remnants drawn deeply inside the margin of some younger hydrothecae. Hydranth tubular, extensile and very long, a single whorl of c. 16 long moniliform tentacles with whorls of nematocysts held out in an amphicoronate pattern below a flat domed hypostome; no true intertentacular web but a ring of small birefringent granules between the bases of tentacles
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Cnidome comprising one class of microbasic mastigophore in tentacles, capsule lenticular,
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2.5–3.5 µm, shaft moderately long, tubule very long.
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA18B87AD1FEE3FF15" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA19257AD1FE29FF16" box="[266,462,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Campanulina elata</emphasis>
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, measurements, (µm)
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<paragraph id="A3771812B90CFFFA188B7B52FC3CFEE2" blockId="4.[151,988,152,512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">length of extended column 300–600 tentacle length, extended 300–400</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3771812B90CFFFA188B7BD1FD89F8E3" blockId="4.[151,988,152,512]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,1715,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
length 240–360 width at base 32–48 diameter of margin 100–120
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA18EA7CFDFEDEF974" bold="true" box="[197,313,1716,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
Difficulty in referral of the species to
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90CFFFA1AC57CFAFC64F973" box="[746,899,1715,1739]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA1AC57CFAFC64F973" box="[746,899,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Campanulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is equally problematical as discussed above for
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90CFFFA18B87C9EFE72F957" box="[151,405,1751,1775]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cliftonia">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA18B87C9EFE72F957" box="[151,405,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Campanulina cliftonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Several genera in the
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90CFFFA1AB07C9EFCB1F957" box="[671,854,1751,1775]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Campanulinidae</taxonomicName>
were also considered but rejected because of morphology of the pedicel and the presence of a clear demarcation between the operculum and body of the hydrotheca. The new species represented by the present material is therefore placed in
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90CFFFA1BD77D56FB77F88F" box="[1016,1168,1823,1847]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA1BD77D56FB77F88F" box="[1016,1168,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Campanulina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
until fertile material is found allowing for taxonomic refinement.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB90CFFFA18B87C71FE21F934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203968/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[285,1314,522,1591]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90CFFFA18B87C71FE21F934" blockId="4.[151,1436,1592,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA18B87C71FEF5F9F6" bold="true" box="[151,274,1592,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90CFFFA19367C71FE3BF9F6" box="[281,476,1592,1614]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA19367C71FE3BF9F6" box="[281,476,1592,1614]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Campanulina elata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB90CFFFA19CD7C70FDD5F9F6" box="[482,562,1593,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA19CD7C70FDD5F9F6" bold="true" box="[482,562,1593,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, hydrotheca and extended hydranth, drawn from live material. B, three hydrothecae on hydrorhiza. C, D, hydrothecae with opercular remnants. E, microbasic mastigophore from tentacles. Scale bar: A, B, 0.3 mm, C, D, 0.2 mm, E, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90CFFFA18EA7D2EFB84F853" blockId="4.[151,1437,1715,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The hydranth of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90CFFFA19AB7D2EFDBAF8C7" box="[388,605,1895,1919]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90CFFFA19AB7D2EFDBAF8C7" box="[388,605,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Campanulina elata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very active, with long, thin tentacles extending out stiffly in an amphicoronate pattern. When disturbed it withdraws deeply into the hydrotheca. The area of tissue between the bases of the tentacles does not seem to be a true intertentacular web nor are the large yellowish birefringent granules between the tentacles nematocysts; their structure or function could not be determined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18EA7AD1FE29FEDC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">As the hydrotheca is very soft, after initial examination the material was hardened in formalin. The circular margin then became more distinct in older hydrothecae, although it was seldom sharply defined from the operceulum. The operculum is present in some younger hydrothecae and is probably shed at maturity. In some older hydrothecae the internal submarginal wall is lined by a flimsy skirt of tissue, presumably the remains of opercular segments; in other hydrothecae shredded opercular remnants are visible deep within the margin, entrained during withdrawal of the hydranth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90DFFFB18EA7B39FCCDFE3F" box="[197,810,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18EA7B39FCCDFE3F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,392]" box="[197,810,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB18EA7B39FEACFE30" bold="true" box="[197,331,368,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species in named for its tall hydranth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90DFFFB18B878B4FD8FFCAF" ID-CoL="3N4H2" authority="Hincks, 1862" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,616,765,791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margarica">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB18B878B4FD8FFCAF" bold="true" box="[151,616,765,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB18B878B4FE4BFCAF" bold="true" box="[151,428,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hydranthea margarica</emphasis>
(
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)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18B87956FEEBFC8F" blockId="5.[151,616,765,823]" box="[151,268,799,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B90DFFFB18B87956FF31FC8F" box="[151,214,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1379,1402]" captionTargetBox="[343,1250,193,1367]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[343,1250,193,1368]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hydranthea margarica. A, hydrotheca with extended hydranth, drawn from live material. B, replicated hydrotheca. C, immature gonophore. D. macrobasic mastigophore in tentacle web, hydranth and hydrorhiza. E, microbasic mastigophore in tentacles. Scale bar: A – C, 0.2 mm, D, E, 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203969/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–E
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90DFFFB18B87921FE06FC24" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB18B87921FE67FCC6" box="[151,384,872,894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hydranthea margarica</emphasis>
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: 100
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, pl. 19, fig. 1.–
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<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90DFFFB1ACE7921FCBDFCC6" author="Huve" box="[737,858,872,894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Huve, P. (1954) Hydranthea et Campalecium, genres mediterraneens aberrants d'hydroides de la famille des haleciides. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 13, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1954">Huvé, 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 178
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, pls 3–6.–
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: 302
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 71.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B90DFFFB1D197921FE60FC24" author="Millard" page="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90DFFFB1D197921FE85FC24" author="Millard" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Millard, N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 45
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, fig. 6A.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90DFFFB18B87980FEFDF909" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18B87980FA66FBBD" blockId="5.[151,1437,969,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB18B87980FE64FC5A" bold="true" box="[151,387,969,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B90DFFFB19A37983FE29FC59" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[396,462,970,993]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NMV</collectionCode>
F171355, fertile colony of c.15 hydrothecae on rhizome of the green alga
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90DFFFB1D1D7980FE36FBBD" authority="St Leonards" authorityName="St Leonards" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Caulerpaceae" genus="Caulerpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="scalpelliformis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB1D1D7980FEDAFBBD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Caulerpa scalpelliformis</emphasis>
, St Leonards
</taxonomicName>
pier, Port Phillip, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B90DFFFB1ACB79A4FCF6FBBD" box="[740,785,1005,1029]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B90DFFFB1BFF79A4FBA2FBBD" box="[976,1093,1005,1029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2006-04-06">6/04/2006</date>
; material ethanol preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18E87E58FC8EFBC9" blockId="5.[151,1437,969,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB18E87E58FDB1FB92" bold="true" box="[199,598,1041,1066]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description (from live material).</emphasis>
Colony stolonal, hydrorhiza creeping, stolons tubular, walls thin, fairly smooth with a thin coating of adventitious material. Hydrophores small, vasiform, smooth, arising at irregular intervals along hydrorhiza, variable in length but typically short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18EA7E34FCEBFA9D" blockId="5.[151,1437,969,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hydrotheca shallow saucer-shaped, expanding from a transverse diaphragm to margin, rim sometimes everted. Secondary hydrophores rare but when present arising from diaphragm of primary hydrotheca. Column of hydranth tall, slender, expanding just below tentacles; c. 30 tentacles in a single whorl, long and slender, surrounding a dome-shaped hypostome; tentacles connected at their bases by a conspicuous intertentacular web; two or three large nematocysts on web between each set of tentacles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18EA7F78FD5BFAD5" blockId="5.[151,1437,969,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gonophores borne on hydrorhiza, on a short pedicel, ovoid in shape, with an aureole of large nematocysts; contents too immature for more detailed description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18EA7F30FCCCFA29" blockId="5.[151,1437,969,1425]" box="[197,811,1401,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cnidome comprising mastigophores of two categories:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18B87F88FEACF9FD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1473,1605]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
i) macrobasic mastigophores, capsule banana-shaped, 39–
<date id="D7763ED2B90DFFFB1B167F88FCB2FA61" box="[825,853,1473,1497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1942-10-08" valueMax="1942-10-09" valueMin="1942-10-08">42</date>
x 8–9 µm, shaft thick, with a row of large spines at c. 100 µm above capsule, tubule long; in tentacle web, hydranth column and hydrorhiza. ii) microbasic mastigophores, capsule elliptical, 8–
<date id="D7763ED2B90DFFFB1ACE7C40FD08F999" box="[737,751,1545,1569]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9</date>
x 3 µm, shaft 6–8 µm, tubule fairly short, grouped in circlets in tentacles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18EA7C3CFEFDF909" blockId="5.[151,1436,1653,1713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hydranth body pale gold with a narrow white band below hypostome, tentacles colourless. Perisarc thin throughout.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F7B7489AB90EFFF818B87F2AFD3CFA0E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203969/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[343,1250,193,1367]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90EFFF818B87F2AFD3CFA0E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1379,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF818B87F2AFEF3FAC0" bold="true" box="[151,276,1379,1402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF819337F2AFDEAFAC1" box="[284,525,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF819337F2AFDEEFAC1" box="[284,521,1379,1401]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margarica">Hydranthea margarica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A, hydrotheca with extended hydranth, drawn from live material. B, replicated hydrotheca. C, immature gonophore. D. macrobasic mastigophore in tentacle web, hydranth and hydrorhiza. E, microbasic mastigophore in tentacles. Scale bar: A–C, 0.2 mm, D, E, 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90EFFF918EA7FB4FD4CFBCD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90EFFF818EA7FB4FE55F88C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1532,1844]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF818EA7FB4FEDEF9AD" bold="true" box="[197,313,1533,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
The hydranth is very active and extensile, often bending over to touch the substrate when disturbed.
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90EFFF818B87C69FE47F980" box="[151,416,1568,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J-M. &amp; Boero, F. (2006) An Introduction to Hydrozoa. Publications Scientifiques du Museum Paris. 591 pp." type="book">
Bouillon
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF819287C6BFEA0F981" box="[263,327,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
transferred
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81A187C68FD5AF981" box="[567,701,1569,1593]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF81A187C68FD5AF981" box="[567,701,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydranthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81B6E7C69FC5EF980" box="[833,953,1568,1592]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Haleciidae</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81C327C69FB54F980" box="[1053,1203,1568,1592]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Lovenellidae</taxonomicName>
. Known species of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF818B87C0CFEFAF9E5" box="[151,285,1605,1629]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF818B87C0CFEFAF9E5" box="[151,285,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydranthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are:
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF819787C0CFCE8F9E4" authority="Hincks, 1862" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1862" box="[343,783,1604,1629]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margarica">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF819787C0CFDBDF9E5" box="[343,602,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydranthea margarica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90EFFF81A447C0DFCE0F9E4" author="Hincks" box="[619,775,1604,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Hincks, T. (1862). On the production of similar gonozooids by the hydroid polyps belonging to different genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3) 10, 459 - 461." type="journal article" year="1862">Hincks, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81B337C0CFB6DF9E4" authority="Zoja, 1893" authorityName="Zoja" authorityYear="1893" box="[796,1162,1604,1629]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aloysii">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF81B337C0CFC12F9E5" box="[796,1013,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydranthea aloysii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90EFFF81C2B7C0DFB65F9E4" author="Zoja" box="[1028,1154,1604,1628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Zoja, R. (1893) Intorno ad un nuovo idroide. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 10 (4), 519 - 526." type="journal article" year="1893">Zoja, 1893</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81CEC7C0CFE5FF938" authority="Antsulevich, 1983" authorityName="Antsulevich" authorityYear="1983" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phialiformis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF81CEC7C0CFF38F939" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydranthea phialiformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90EFFF818C87C21FE5FF938" author="Antsulevich" box="[231,440,1640,1664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Antsulevich, A. E (1983) Novy vid atekatnykh gidroidov iz Yaponskogo morya [A new athecate hydroid from the Sea of Japan]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 62 (4), 622 - 624." type="journal article" year="1983">Antsulevich, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF819EA7C20FD2FF939" box="[453,712,1641,1665]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margarica">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF819EA7C20FD2FF939" box="[453,712,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydranthea margarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the British Isles,
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B90EFFF81C6D7C20FB76F938" box="[1090,1169,1641,1664]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">France</collectingCountry>
, the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90EFFF818B17CC5FEBCF91C" author="Cornelius" box="[158,347,1676,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. In R. S. K. Barnes &amp; J. H. Crothers (eds), Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 50, 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="a">Cornelius 1995a</bibRefCitation>
) and the
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B90EFFF819EB7CC5FDDBF91C" box="[452,572,1676,1700]" name="Seychelles" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90EFFF81A657CC5FC8EF91C" author="Millard" box="[586,873,1676,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Millard, N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon 1973</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81B517CC7FC0BF91D" box="[894,1004,1677,1701]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aloysii">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF81B517CC7FC0BF91D" box="[894,1004,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. aloysii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90EFFF818B17CF9FEC7F970" author="Huve" box="[158,288,1712,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Huve, P. (1954) Hydranthea et Campalecium, genres mediterraneens aberrants d'hydroides de la famille des haleciides. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 13, 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1954">Huvé 1954</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF8194A7CFBFDF4F971" box="[357,531,1713,1737]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phialiformis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF8194A7CFBFDF4F971" box="[357,531,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. phialiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Sea of
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B90EFFF81AF17CF8FCF9F970" box="[734,798,1713,1736]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90EFFF81B007CF9FC19F970" author="Antsulevich" box="[815,1022,1712,1736]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Antsulevich, A. E (1983) Novy vid atekatnykh gidroidov iz Yaponskogo morya [A new athecate hydroid from the Sea of Japan]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 62 (4), 622 - 624." type="journal article" year="1983">Antsulevich 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81C3A7CF8FB17F971" box="[1045,1264,1713,1737]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aloysii">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF81C3A7CF8FB17F971" box="[1045,1264,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hydranthea aloysii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81D037CFBFF38F955" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phialiformis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF81D037CFBFF38F955" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. phialiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were considered but the hydranth of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81AAE7C9FFD0AF955" box="[641,749,1749,1773]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aloysii">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF81AAE7C9FFD0AF955" box="[641,749,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. aloysii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only 12 tentacles and the intertentacular nematocysts are only
<date id="D7763ED2B90EFFF818FF7CB1FEFFF8A8" box="[208,280,1784,1808]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1915-10-05">15 x 5</date>
µm, much smaller than those of the present material. The gonophores of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90EFFF81C757CB3FAE1F8A9" box="[1114,1286,1785,1809]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phialiformis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90EFFF81C757CB3FAE1F8A9" box="[1114,1286,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. phialiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are borne on the body of the hydranth.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB90FFFF918B87AD1FD37FF16" box="[151,720,152,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B87AD1FD37FF16" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" box="[151,720,152,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF918B87AD1FEE3FF15" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF919257AD1FE1DFF16" box="[266,506,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90FFFF919257AD1FE10FF16" box="[266,503,152,174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margarica">Hydranthea margarica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B37A80FC21FF67" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" box="[156,966,201,223]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hydrorhiza diameter 60–72</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B37ABBFEF1FEB0" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" box="[156,278,242,264]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hydrophore</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF9188C7B52FC34FE89" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" box="[163,979,283,305]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">length of primary hydrophore 86–162</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B37B0CFEF5FEE3" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" box="[156,274,325,347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF9188C7B27FC07FE16" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">depth, diaphragm to rim 20–50 diameter at rim 120–168</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B37B88FF1BFE6F" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" box="[156,252,449,471]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hydranth</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF9188C7BA3FC29FDEA" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">length of extended body ~ 1250 diameter of column 75 width across extended tentacles ~ 1000</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B3782FFE9BFDC4" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" box="[156,380,614,636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gonophore, immature</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF9188C78D9FC49FC99" blockId="7.[151,992,152,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">height 240–228 maximum width 160–200 length of pedicel 120 diameter at rim 100</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918EA7928FD4CFBCD" blockId="7.[151,1436,865,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Millard &amp; Bouillon’s (1973) description of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90FFFF91A87792BFCD8FCC1" box="[680,831,866,889]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margarica">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF91A87792BFCD8FCC1" box="[680,831,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. margarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B90FFFF91B847928FBC4FCC1" box="[939,1059,865,889]" name="Seychelles" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
closely matches the present specimen in dimensions of the hydrotheca, the number of tentacles and absence of desmocytes. The major difference between their description and the present material is that they did not mention nematocysts which are in the intertentacular web of the present material; this is puzzling as these are considered diagnostic of the species. If the British, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean and southern Australian material is
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90FFFF91B9D79BBFBACFBB1" box="[946,1099,1010,1033]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margarica">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF91B9D79BBFBACFBB1" box="[946,1099,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. margarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, then the distribution is quite broad and some degree of change may have occurred in some populations, perhaps eventually leading to speciation. Despite this uncertainty, I assign the present material to
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF91B6A7E73FC02FBE9" box="[837,997,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90FFFF91B6A7E73FC06FBE9" box="[837,993,1082,1105]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margarica">H. margarica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Genetic studies could further elucidate population structure of this widespread species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90FFFF918EA7EC8FBF0FB21" box="[197,1047,1153,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918EA7EC8FBF0FB21" blockId="7.[151,1436,865,1178]" box="[197,1047,1153,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF918EA7EC8FEB9FB22" bold="true" box="[197,350,1153,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
This is a new record of the genus
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90FFFF91AF07EC8FC82FB21" box="[735,869,1153,1177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lovenellidae" genus="Hydranthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF91AF07EC8FC82FB21" box="[735,869,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hydranthea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B90FFFF91B867EC8FBF4FB21" box="[937,1043,1153,1177]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

50
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB18B8785BFE37FD94" bold="true" box="[151,464,530,556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90DFFFB18B8785BFECFFD94" bold="true" box="[151,296,530,556]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hydranthea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B90DFFFB1900785BFE37FD94" author="Hincks" box="[303,464,530,556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Hincks, T. (1868) A History of British Hydroid Zoophytes. John van Voorst, London. 1, 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1868">Hincks, 1868</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90DFFFB18B8781DFC33FD0C" blockId="5.[151,1436,596,692]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colony stolonal, hydrotheca short, collar-shaped on short pedicel, hydranth large, elongate, with intertentacular web with heterotrichous haploneme nematocysts; gonotheca reduced or absent, gonophores on hydrorhiza, eumedusoid, short-lived, without marginal tentacles, “gonads” on radial canals.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="E1D044576779D211F531EC5B1162B4EA">New species, new records and redescriptions of Thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from Southern Australia</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90FFFF918B87C1BFEE8F935" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B87C1BFE4BF9D4" blockId="7.[151,428,1618,1677]" box="[151,428,1618,1644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="F83FAF7EB90FFFF918B87C1BFE4BF9D4" bold="true" box="[151,428,1618,1644]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF918B87C1BFE4BF9D4" bold="true" box="[151,428,1618,1644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90FFFF918B87C1BFEA0F9D4" ID-CoL="6LGYJ" box="[151,327,1618,1644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF918B87C1BFEA0F9D4" bold="true" box="[151,327,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hebella albida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB90FFFF919607C1BFE4BF9D4" box="[335,428,1618,1644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B87C3CFEE8F935" blockId="7.[151,428,1618,1677]" box="[151,271,1653,1677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B90FFFF918B87C3CFF30F935" box="[151,215,1653,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1271,1294]" captionTargetBox="[425,1196,222,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[341,1249,195,1259]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hebella albida sp. nov. A, B, hydrothecae. C, hydrotheca with dome-shaped operculum. D, gonotheca. E, 24 hour old medusa released in laboratory. F, microbasic mastigophore from umbrella of medusa. G, microbasic mastigophore from hydranth. Scale bar: A – D, 0.5 mm, E, 1 mm, F, G, 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203970/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–G
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90FFFF918B87CF4FC57F8A5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918B87CF4FC57F8A5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1725,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF918B87CF4FE63F96E" bold="true" box="[151,388,1725,1750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B90FFFF919A07CF4FE1DF96D" box="[399,506,1725,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B90FFFF91A257CF7FDACF96D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[522,587,1726,1749]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NMV</collectionCode>
F171357, colony on
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B90FFFF91B657CF4FBB0F96D" box="[842,1111,1725,1749]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="divaricata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF91B657CF4FBB0F96D" box="[842,1111,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aglaophenia divaricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colony, Port Phillip Heads, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B90FFFF918F27CA8FEFDF941" box="[221,282,1761,1785]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson, July, 1982; colony formalin preserved.
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B90FFFF91BB27CABFBE5F942" box="[925,1026,1762,1786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B90FFFF91C217CABFBA8F941" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[1038,1103,1762,1785]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NMV</collectionCode>
F 171358, microslide, Popes Eye reef, southern Port Phillip, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B90FFFF91A117D4CFD8CF8A5" box="[574,619,1797,1821]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B90FFFF91B057D4CFC4AF8A5" box="[810,941,1797,1821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-01-01">01/01/2010</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B90FFFF618E87D60FC2CF933" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF918E87D60FDF1F8DD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1725,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B90FFFF918E87D60FEBEF8FA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1833,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis>
Hydrorhiza comprising a single stolon running up stem and along hydrocladia of hydroid host; stolons tubular, thin and wrinkled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B90FFFF618EA7D38FCB3FEA4" blockId="7.[151,1436,1725,2037]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hydrothecae given off singly at intervals along hydrorhiza, usually inclined forward towards distal end of host hydrocladium; pedicels variable in length, straight to slightly bent, corrugated, widening a little distally below hydrotheca. Hydrothecae narrowly to broadly conical, symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical (depending upon angle of view), walls smooth but sometimes indistinctly undulated proximally, perisarc thinning distally; an annular thickening around base of hydrotheca, usually thicker on side opposite hydrocladium of host, a thin transverse to concave diaphragm at thickening. Margin of hydrotheca circular, approximately transverse to hydrothecal axis, rim smooth, everted, not replicated, operculum a flat dome of tissue torn aside at eruption of hydranth. Column of hydranth long, hypostome annular, with 24–26 blunt tentacles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618EA7B6EFD81FE4C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gonothecae arising from hydrorhiza, interspersed among hydrothecae, inverted conical, similar in shape to hydrotheca but considerably larger, pedicel thick, variable in length, straight to strongly curved, deeply corrugated, junction with body of gonotheca sometimes marked by a constriction in perisarc, walls of gonotheca often shallowly undulated proximally becoming smooth distally, margin truncate, transverse to axis, rim circular, weakly everted or smooth, aperture closed by a thin flattened dome of tissue torn away at emergence of first medusa; gonophore with up to 10 developing medusae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618EA7BB6FB27FDAF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[197,1216,511,535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Perisarc of hydrothecal and gonothecal pedicels thick, that of hydrotheca moderately thick.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618EA786DFE76FC8F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Medusa at release in the laboratory c.
<quantity id="6430B5F7B900FFF61A5F786DFD56FD84" box="[624,689,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter, exumbrella quadrate to sub-hemispherical, jelly moderately thick, with scattered nematocysts and four radial canals, four perradial tentacle bulbs, two opposite bulbs bearing two long tentacles of equal length, the other two bulbs with tentacle buds only. Tentacles smooth at origin, of same width as bulb, then becoming thinner and coiling into a tight spiral, long and thin when straight; manubrium short, widening from base, extending less than halfway down bell, mouth quadrate with four thick lips. At 24–48 hours after release the perradial bulbs are somewhat elongated and four small interradial bulbs have developed on margin; no ocelli visible and fewer nematocysts present on bell. Due to medusa mortality no further development was observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618EA790DFC85FCE4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[197,866,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cnidome comprising two sizes of nematocysts of one class:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618B879C5FDB5FC7F" blockId="8.[151,1436,908,1039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
i) microbasic mastigophores, capsule narrowly ovoid,
<date id="D7763ED2B900FFF61B3979C5FC83FC1C" box="[790,868,908,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2010-10-09">9–10 x</date>
3–4 µm, in tentacles of hydranth and tentacles of medusa; very difficult to discharge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618B8799DFD60FBB7" blockId="8.[151,1436,908,1039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
ii) microbasic mastigophores, capsule ovoid,
<date id="D7763ED2B900FFF61A85799DFCE0FC54" box="[682,775,980,1004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1918-10-20">18–20 x</date>
7–8 µm, shaft 14–18 µm long, tubule ~ 300 µm long, on umbrella of medusa, readily discharged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618EA7E76FEFCFBC4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1087,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Colony and hydrorhiza white; hydranths sometimes pale pink. Medusa translucent white, base of tentacle bulbs dull yellow.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB900FFF618B87EEEFD98FB05" box="[151,639,1191,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618B87EEEFD98FB05" blockId="8.[151,996,1191,1675]" box="[151,639,1191,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF618B87EEEFEE3FB04" bold="true" box="[151,260,1191,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF619257EEEFE46FB05" box="[266,417,1191,1213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF619257EEEFE46FB05" box="[266,417,1191,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hebella albida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618B07E91FC55FB55" blockId="8.[151,996,1191,1675]" box="[159,946,1240,1262]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hydrorhiza diameter 70–80</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618B07F48FEF2FAAF" blockId="8.[151,996,1191,1675]" box="[159,277,1281,1303]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF6188A7F63FC2CFA5E" blockId="8.[151,996,1191,1675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">length of pedicel 224–700 width of pedicel 108–152 length, annular thickening to margin 840–1040 diameter at annular thickening 144–256 diameter at rim 660–880</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618B07FB0FEEAF9B7" blockId="8.[151,996,1191,1675]" box="[159,269,1529,1551]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gonotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF6188A7C6BFC2CF933" blockId="8.[151,996,1191,1675]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">length, including pedicel 1920–2000 diameter of pedicel 104–120 diameter at margin 760–800</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B900FFF618EA7C82FB50F866" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B900FFF618EA7C82FB50F866" blockId="8.[151,1436,1738,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF618EA7C82FEDEF95B" bold="true" box="[197,313,1739,1763]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
In size, general morphology of the hydrotheca and gonotheca and in its obligate association with aglaopeniid hydroids,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF619BD7CA7FDDCF8BE" box="[402,571,1774,1798]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF619BD7CA7FDDCF8BE" box="[402,571,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hebella albida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF61AFF7CA7FBF5F8BE" authority="Millard, 1957" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[720,1042,1774,1798]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61AFF7CA7FC8BF8BE" box="[720,876,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hebella furax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B900FFF61B5B7CA7FBF5F8BE" author="Millard" box="[884,1042,1774,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, known from
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B900FFF61C9E7CA7FAA5F8BE" box="[1201,1346,1774,1798]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B900FFF618B87D5BFEE8F892" box="[151,271,1810,1834]" name="Seychelles" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B900FFF619307D5BFE5FF892" author="Millard" box="[287,440,1810,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard 1957</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B900FFF619EB7D5BFE1AF892" author="Millard" box="[452,509,1810,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B900FFF61A107D5AFCFDF892" box="[575,794,1810,1834]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B900FFF61B057D5BFC10F892" author="Boero" box="[810,1015,1810,1835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Boero, F., Bouillon, J. &amp; Kubota, S. (1997) The medusae of some species of Hebella Allman, 1888, and Anthohebella gen. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae), with a world synopsis of species. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 310, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1997">
Boero
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61B567D5DFC54F893" box="[889,947,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
). The South African
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF61CC77D5DFAA1F893" box="[1256,1350,1811,1835]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61CC77D5DFAA1F893" box="[1256,1350,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. furax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is both epizooic and parasitic whereas only epizooic colonies have been reported from
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B900FFF61C207D7EFB0CF8F6" box="[1039,1259,1846,1870]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF61CDA7D7FFA7BF8F6" box="[1269,1436,1846,1870]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61CDA7D7FFA7BF8F6" box="[1269,1436,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hebella albida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF619077D15FE60F8CB" box="[296,391,1883,1907]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF619077D15FE60F8CB" box="[296,391,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. furax</emphasis>
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in i) the gonotheca of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF61ABE7D15FD1BF8CB" box="[657,764,1883,1907]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61ABE7D15FD1BF8CB" box="[657,764,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. albida</emphasis>
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has no opercular flaps compared with the four flaps of
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61DAE7D15FF3EF82E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF61DAE7D15FF31F82E" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">H. furax</taxonomicName>
,
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ii) the medusa of
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF6198C7DC9FDEBF82E" box="[419,524,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. albida</emphasis>
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is much larger at release than that of
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61B817DC9FBF4F82E" box="[942,1043,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B900FFF61B817DC9FBE9F82E" box="[942,1038,1918,1943]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">H. furax</taxonomicName>
,
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and iii) the newly released medusa of
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF6189A7DEDFEC7F803" box="[181,288,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. albida</emphasis>
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has two long tentacles and two rudimentary tentacles on each of the perradial tentacular bulbs but not longer and shorter tentacles in these positions as described by
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B900FFF61B607D8EFBC3F866" box="[847,1060,1990,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Boero, F., Bouillon, J. &amp; Kubota, S. (1997) The medusae of some species of Hebella Allman, 1888, and Anthohebella gen. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae), with a world synopsis of species. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 310, 1 - 53." type="journal article">
Boero
<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61BB47D81FC34F866" box="[923,979,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(1997)
</bibRefCitation>
for
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B900FFF61C7C7D81FB57F866" box="[1107,1200,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. furax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F7B7489AB901FFF718B87EBEFD3DFAF3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203970/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[425,1196,222,1226]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="A3771812B901FFF718B87EBEFD3DFAF3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1271,1355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF718B87EBEFEF4FAB5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1271,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B901FFF719357EB1FE4AFAB6" box="[282,429,1272,1294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida" status="sp. nov.">Hebella albida</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF7199B7EB1FDE2FAB5" bold="true" box="[436,517,1272,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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A,B, hydrothecae. C, hydrotheca with dome-shaped operculum. D, gonotheca. E, 24 hour old medusa released in laboratory. F, microbasic mastigophore from umbrella of medusa. G, microbasic mastigophore from hydranth. Scale bar: A–D, 0.5 mm, E, 1 mm, F,G, 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B901FFF718EA7F30FC30F9DF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A3771812B901FFF718EA7F30FDB7FA6F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1399,1711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B901FFF718EA7F30FEC8FA28" ID-CoL="6LGYJ" box="[197,303,1400,1424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF718EA7F30FEC8FA28" box="[197,303,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. albida</emphasis>
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is similar to
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B901FFF719E87F31FC4CFA37" ID-CoL="67DS2" authority="Ciamician, 1880" authorityName="Ciamician" authorityYear="1880" box="[455,939,1399,1424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF719E87F31FD31FA28" box="[455,726,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anthohebella parasitica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B901FFF71AC97F3EFC44FA37" author="Ciamician" box="[742,931,1399,1423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Ciamician, J. (1880) Ueber Lafoea parasitica n. sp. Zeitschrift Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 673 - 676." type="journal article" year="1880">Ciamician, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
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reported from tropical and warm temperate Australian waters (see
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B901FFF719B77FD4FDD7FA0C" author="Watson" box="[408,560,1436,1460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Watson, J. E. (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">Watson 2000</bibRefCitation>
). However there are sufficient differences in both hydroid and medusa phases to consider
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B901FFF719367F88FE63FA60" ID-CoL="6LGYJ" box="[281,388,1472,1496]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF719367F88FE63FA60" box="[281,388,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. albida</emphasis>
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a distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B901FFF718EA7FACFB54F9A7" blockId="9.[151,1436,1399,1711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B901FFF718EA7FACFED5FA44" ID-CoL="6LGYJ" box="[197,306,1508,1532]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF718EA7FACFED5FA44" box="[197,306,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. albida</emphasis>
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occurs only on large southern Australian aglaopheniid hydroids including
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B901FFF71CBF7FADFECCF9A7" ID-CoL="663G7" authority="Busk, 1852" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1852" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="divaricata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF71CBF7FADFA7CFA44" box="[1168,1435,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aglaophenia divaricata</emphasis>
(
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)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B901FFF719187C41FD49F9A7" authority="Bale, 1915" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1915" box="[311,686,1543,1568]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystifera">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF719187C41FDCAF998" box="[311,557,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aglaophenia cystifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B901FFF71A1B7C4EFD49F9A7" author="Bale" box="[564,686,1543,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Bale, W. M. (1915) Report on the Hydroida collected in the Great Australian Bight and other localities. Part 3. Fisheries. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried out by F. I. S. &quot; Endeavour &quot;, 1909 - 1914, 3, 241 - 336." type="journal article" year="1915">Bale, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B901FFF71ACB7C41FB48F9A7" ID-CoL="9FSY8" authority="Bale, 1888" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1888" box="[740,1199,1543,1568]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="whiteleggei">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF71ACB7C41FBFEF998" box="[740,1049,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macrorhynchia whiteleggei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B901FFF71C077C4EFB40F9A7" author="Bale" box="[1064,1191,1543,1567]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Bale, W. M. (1888) On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 3, 745 - 799." type="journal article" year="1888">Bale, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B901FFF718EA7C65FC30F9DF" blockId="9.[151,1436,1399,1711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Medusae survived for two days in the laboratory, swimming feebly, usually remaining on the bottom of the vessel with one tentacle partially extended and the other spirally retracted.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B901FFF718EA7C3DFE68F917" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A3771812B901FFF718EA7C3DFE68F917" blockId="9.[151,1436,1399,1711]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B901FFF718EA7C3DFEACF934" bold="true" box="[197,331,1652,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named for the distinctive white colonies contrasting with the darker colour of the hydroid host colonies.
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Allman, 1888
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<paragraph id="A3771812B911FFE718B87E16FDE3FBC1" blockId="25.[151,516,1119,1179]" box="[151,516,1119,1145]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="F83FAF7EB911FFE718B87E16FDE3FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,516,1119,1145]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE718B87E16FDE3FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,516,1119,1145]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE718B87E16FEB9FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,350,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Obelia bidentata</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B911FFE718B87ECBFEFCFB23" blockId="25.[151,516,1119,1179]" box="[151,283,1154,1179]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B911FFE718B87ECBFF01FB22" box="[151,230,1154,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1093,1116]" captionTargetBox="[390,1098,239,1060]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[341,1249,193,1085]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Obelia bidentata. A, part of stem showing alternate pedicels. B, hydrotheca. Scale bar: A, B 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203977/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
A,B
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B911FFE718B87E83FD70FAC1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE718B87E83FE12FB58" ID-CoL="488XG" authority="Clarke, 1875: 58" authorityName="Clarke" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,501,1226,1248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE718B87E83FEA5FB58" box="[151,322,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Obelia bidentata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE719667E83FE12FB58" author="Clarke" box="[329,501,1226,1248]" page="58" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1875">
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: 58
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, pl. 9, fig. 2.– Cornelius, 1975: 260, fig. 2.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71B937E83FB9BFB58" author="Millard" box="[956,1148,1226,1248]" page="195" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71B937E83FBACFB58" author="Millard" box="[956,1099,1226,1248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1978) The geographical distribution of southern African hydroids. Annals of the South African Museum, 74, 159 - 200." type="journal article" year="1978">Millard, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 195
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71CBA7E83FAB2FB58" author="Millard" box="[1173,1365,1226,1248]" page="131" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71CBA7E83FAC3FB58" author="Millard" box="[1173,1316,1226,1248]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1980) Hydroida. The South African Museum's Meiring Naude cruises. Part 11. Annals of the South African Museum, 82, 129 - 153." type="journal article" year="1980">Millard, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 131
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71D417E82FE90FB47" author="Cornelius" page="155" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71D417E82FEA2FB47" author="Cornelius" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1983) Identification for all. Porcupine Newsletter, 2, 151 - 157." type="journal article" year="1983">Cornelius, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 155
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE719E07EA0FD44FB47" author="Cornelius" box="[463,675,1257,1279]" page="113" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE719E07EA0FD94FB47" author="Cornelius" box="[463,627,1257,1279]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1982) Hydroids and medusae of the family Campanulariidae recorded from the eastern North Atlantic, with a world synopsis of genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 42, 37 - 148." type="journal article" year="1982">Cornelius, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 113
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71A947EA0FC61FB47" author="Bouillon" box="[699,902,1257,1279]" page="108" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71A947EA0FCB1FB47" author="Bouillon" box="[699,854,1257,1279]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Bouillon, J. (1984) Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinee) Partie IV. Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa- Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology, 1, 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984">Bouillon, 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 108
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71BB27EA0FA70FB47" author="Izquierdo" box="[925,1431,1257,1279]" page="91" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71BB27EA0FA94FB47" author="Izquierdo" box="[925,1395,1257,1279]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Izquierdo, M. S, Garcia-Corrales, P., Bacallado, J. J. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1986) Contribucion al conocimiento de los Hydrozoos Caliptoblastidos del Archipelago Canario. Parte I: Haleciidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulariidae y Syntheciidae. Boletinn del Instituro Espanol de Oceanografia, 3, 81 - 94." type="journal article" year="1986">Izquierdo, García-Corrales &amp; Bacallado, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 91
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 8.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE719397F41FE29FAA5" author="Calder" box="[278,462,1288,1310]" page="70" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE719397F41FE4FFAA5" author="Calder" box="[278,424,1288,1310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contribution. Royal Ontario Museum, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Calder, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
: 70
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 37.
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71A077F41FD1DFAA6" author="Calder" box="[552,762,1288,1310]" page="2068" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71A077F41FD5CFAA6" author="Calder" box="[552,699,1288,1310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 b) Associations between hydroid species assemblages and substrate types in the mangal of Twin Cays, Belize. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 2067 - 2074." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">Calder, 1991b</bibRefCitation>
: 2068
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71B3E7F41FBD8FAA5" author="Ramil" box="[785,1087,1288,1310]" page="241" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71B3E7F41FBEAFAA5" author="Ramil" box="[785,1037,1288,1310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the &quot; BALGIM &quot; expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 277, 3 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 241
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 68b.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71C9C7F41FA6CFAA6" author="Cornelius" box="[1203,1419,1288,1310]" page="254" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1992">
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: 254
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE718E87F6EFE1DFA84" author="Boero" box="[199,506,1318,1340]" page="265" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE718E87F6EFE21FA84" author="Boero" box="[199,454,1318,1340]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1993) Zoogeography and life cycle patterns of Mediterranean hydromedusae (Cnidaria). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 48, 239 - 266." type="journal article" year="1993">Boero &amp; Bouillon, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 265
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71A3C7F6FFD27FA84" author="Calder" box="[531,704,1318,1340]" page="68" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1993">
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: 68
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71AF47F6FFC7CFA84" author="Cornelius" box="[731,923,1318,1340]" page="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71AF47F6FFC65FA84" author="Cornelius" box="[731,898,1318,1340]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1999) A changing taxonomic paradigm: studies on Obelia and some other Campanulariidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). In: S. Stepan'yants (ed.), Workshop on Obelia as a dominant in epibiotic communities. Zoosystem Rossica, suppliment 1, 5 - 16." type="journal article" year="1999">Cornelius, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71B997F6FFB07FA84" author="Medel" box="[950,1248,1318,1340]" page="46" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71B997F6FFB5FFA84" author="Medel" box="[950,1208,1318,1340]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Medel, M. D. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2000) Atlantic Haleciidae and Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CAN- CAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 330, 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="2000">Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 46
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 12.– Watson, 1994: 67.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE719167F0FFD95FAE3" author="Vervoort" box="[313,626,1350,1371]" page="424" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE719167F0FFDA7FAE3" author="Vervoort" box="[313,576,1350,1371]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) Marine Fauna of New Zealand. Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 424
</treatmentCitation>
, fig.
<specimenCount id="B5CED39BB911FFE71A897F0FFD3AFAE3" box="[678,733,1350,1371]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">103F.</specimenCount>
–
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: 23
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5G.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE71BD37F0CFB79FAE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3499764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3499764" author="Galea" box="[1020,1182,1349,1371]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D787AB6C0EFFEEFF62CB84A864B9A1" page="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71BD37F0CFB61FAE3" author="Galea" box="[1020,1158,1349,1371]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Galea, H. R. (2010 a) Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Gaudeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 2570, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">Galea, 2010a</bibRefCitation>
: 9
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, fig.
<date id="D7763ED2B911FFE71CFE7F0FFB0AFAE3" box="[1233,1261,1350,1371]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2I.</date>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B911FFE718B87F2DFD70FAC1" blockId="25.[151,1436,1226,1402]" box="[151,663,1379,1402]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83D83F3CB911FFE718B87F2DFD70FAC1" box="[151,663,1379,1402]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE718B87F2DFE0AFAC1" ID-CoL="3S87P" authority="Bale, 1888: 756" authorityName="Bale" authorityPageNumber="756" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,493,1379,1402]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE718B87F2DFEA4FAC2" box="[151,323,1380,1402]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Obelia spinulosa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B911FFE719667F2AFE0AFAC1" author="Bale" box="[329,493,1379,1401]" page="756" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE719667F2AFE5CFAC1" author="Bale" box="[329,443,1379,1401]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Bale, W. M. (1888) On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 3, 745 - 799." type="journal article" year="1888">Bale, 1888</bibRefCitation>
: 756
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 12, figs 5–7.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B911FFE718B87FEFFBA9F992" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A3771812B911FFE718B87FEFFBA9F992" blockId="25.[151,1437,1446,1579]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE718B87FEFFE99FA07" bold="true" box="[151,382,1446,1471]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B911FFE719A97FEEFE21FA06" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[390,454,1447,1470]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">NMV</collectionCode>
F171369, microslide, colony from hull of boat, Western Port, Victoria, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B911FFE718B87F83FEF0FA5A" box="[151,279,1482,1506]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1970-09-20">20/09/1970</date>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE719097F82FD6FFA5B" box="[294,648,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material in author’s collection</emphasis>
: McLure reef, Queensland, coll: L. Zann
<date id="D7763ED2B911FFE71C5A7F83FB00FA5A" box="[1141,1255,1482,1506]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1972-08-13">13/8/1972</date>
, no depth data. Flinders Islet, Port Kembla New South
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B911FFE71A7E7FA7FD71F9BE" box="[593,662,1518,1542]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Wales</collectingCountry>
, on alga
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71AD37FA6FCBBF9BE" box="[764,860,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71AD37FA6FCB0F9BE" box="[764,855,1519,1542]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Zonaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Zonaria</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B911FFE71B867FA7FC02F9BE" box="[937,997,1518,1542]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson, September, 1976. Port Kembla Harbour, New South
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B911FFE719F17C5BFDC4F992" box="[478,547,1554,1578]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Wales</collectingCountry>
, on
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71A7F7C5AFD02F993" box="[592,741,1555,1579]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plicata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71A7F7C5AFD02F993" box="[592,741,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Styela plicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll: J. Watson, February, 1991.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F7B7489AB912FFE418B87E0CFAC2FBE4" box="[151,1317,1093,1116]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203977/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[390,1098,239,1060]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="A3771812B912FFE418B87E0CFAC2FBE4" blockId="26.[151,1317,1093,1116]" box="[151,1317,1093,1116]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE418B87E0CFEF8FBE3" bold="true" box="[151,287,1093,1116]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B912FFE4190A7E0FFE36FBE4" box="[293,465,1094,1116]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE4190A7E0FFE36FBE4" box="[293,465,1094,1116]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Obelia bidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, part of stem showing alternate pedicels. B, hydrotheca. Scale bar: A, B 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B912FFE418E87ECAFD6FFA2F" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="A3771812B912FFE418E87ECAFD1BFB5B" blockId="26.[151,1436,1155,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE418E87ECAFEB2FB24" bold="true" box="[199,341,1155,1180]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</emphasis>
Colonies infertile. Hydrorhiza reptant on substrate, stolons tubular, crumpled, perisarc thin. Young stems monosiphonic, older stems polysiphonic, branched, branching opposite in distal part of colony. Stem internodes long, cylindrical with 3–5 proximal annulations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B912FFE418EA7EA6FAD3FACB" blockId="26.[151,1436,1155,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hydrothecae terminal on pedicels of variable length, annulated throughout, a thickening of internode at junction of stem and pedicel. Hydrotheca conical, walls smooth, expanding evenly from base to margin, basal chamber distinct, rectangular to quadrangular, merging smoothly into hydrotheca, distal wall of basal chamber transverse to slightly concave. Margin of hydrotheca dentate with c. 16 sharp cusps separated by shallow embayments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B912FFE418EA7F36FD6FFA2F" blockId="26.[151,1436,1155,1791]" box="[197,648,1407,1431]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hydranth with c. 12 long, thin tentacles.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B912FFE418EA7FEDFD50F90F" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B912FFE418EA7FEDFD50F90F" blockId="26.[151,1436,1155,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE418EA7FEDFEDEFA04" bold="true" box="[197,313,1444,1468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B912FFE419107FEAFE24FA03" author="Bale" box="[319,451,1443,1467]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Bale, W. M. (1888) On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 3, 745 - 799." type="journal article" year="1888">Bale (1888)</bibRefCitation>
was uncertain whether the species he described as
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B912FFE41BD47FEAFB5EFA03" box="[1019,1209,1443,1467]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE41BD47FEAFB5EFA03" box="[1019,1209,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Obelia spinulosa</emphasis>
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may in fact be
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B912FFE41D4B7FEAFEC1FA67" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE41D4B7FEAFEC1FA67" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Obelia bidentata</emphasis>
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but kept them separate because
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B912FFE41ABD7F81FCF9FA67" box="[658,798,1479,1503]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE41ABD7F81FCF9FA67" box="[658,798,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. bidentata</emphasis>
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is polysiphonic and known to grow to a height of
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whereas his specimen was monosiphonic (although his figure shows incipient fasciculation) and was less than
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in height. His material was probably a young colony of
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE41B6B7C59FC37F99F" box="[836,976,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. bidentata</emphasis>
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. While most colonies in the present collection are also small and monosiphonic, a colony from Western Port, Victoria was
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high eight weeks after larval settlement, the stem by then having four polysiphonic tubes. The species seems to be somewhat variable and although widely distributed in southern and southeastern
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there are too few records of fresh material for a detailed overview including that of the cnidome.
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE418EA7C8AFEB9F964" bold="true" box="[197,350,1731,1756]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B912FFE4194A7C8DFE15F963" box="[357,498,1731,1755]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B912FFE4194A7C8DFE15F963" box="[357,498,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">O. bidentata</emphasis>
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is distributed world-wide. The present records extend its range from southern
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to southern Queensland.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB913FFE518B87AD1FD7AFF16" box="[151,669,152,174]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518B87AD1FD7AFF16" blockId="27.[151,976,152,595]" box="[151,669,152,174]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B913FFE518B87AD1FEE8FF15" bold="true" box="[151,271,152,173]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B913FFE5193A7AD1FE27FF16" box="[277,448,152,174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B913FFE5193A7AD1FE27FF16" box="[277,448,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Obelia bidentata</emphasis>
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, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518B07A80FC51FF67" blockId="27.[151,976,152,595]" box="[159,950,201,223]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydrorhiza, width 80–96</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518B07ABAFF35FEB0" blockId="27.[151,976,152,595]" box="[159,210,243,264]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Stem</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE5188A7B52FC28FE3C" blockId="27.[151,976,152,595]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">internode length 600–800 diameter 80–96 length of pedicel 120–480</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518B07BD1FEF2FE16" blockId="27.[151,976,152,595]" box="[159,277,408,430]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE5188A7B88FC51FDEA" blockId="27.[151,976,152,595]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">length, diaphragm to margin 456–544 diameter at margin 200–240 diameter at diaphragm 80–96 length of marginal cusp 32–40</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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51
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Genus
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Péron &amp; Lesueur, 1810
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B913FFE518B878F5FE96FD6E" bold="true" box="[151,369,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Obelia spongicola</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="3BF30497B913FFE518B87897FF01FD4E" box="[151,230,734,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1179,1202]" captionTargetBox="[488,1174,200,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[355,1255,193,1176]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 13. Obelia spongicola sp. nov. A, fertile colony on sponge. B, fertile stem internodes. C, hydrotheca with castellate margin and diaphragm. D, pedicellate hydrotheca and gonotheca on hydrorhiza. E, hydrorhiza with embedded sponge spicules. F, microbasic mastigophore. Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm, C – E, 0.5 mm, F, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203978/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
A–F
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,
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F171370, St Leonards pier, Port Phillip, preserved colony and microslide from colony on soft yellow sponge, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B913FFE51A507903FD49FCDA" box="[639,686,842,866]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
, coll: J.Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B913FFE51B437903FC08FCDA" box="[876,1007,842,866]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2008-03-26">26/03/2008</date>
.
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B913FFE51BD47902FB87FCDB" box="[1019,1120,843,867]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B913FFE51C427902FB49FCDA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[1133,1198,843,866]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">NMV</collectionCode>
F171371, colony on sponge, alcohol preserved, and one microslide, St Leonards pier, on digitate orange sponge, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B913FFE51CF17927FAEDFC3E" box="[1246,1290,878,902]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B913FFE518E379DBFEAAFC12" box="[204,333,914,938]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2009-11-11">11/11/2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B913FFE518E879FFFE10F926" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518E879FFFCA1FC4A" blockId="27.[151,1437,806,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B913FFE518E879FFFEBEFC77" bold="true" box="[199,345,950,975]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description.</emphasis>
Hydrorhiza creeping on sponge; stolons tubular, rugose to smooth, spicules of the sponge embedded in the hydrorhizal perisarc but not penetrating coenosarc.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518EA79B7FAA3FB72" blockId="27.[151,1437,806,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Colony a mixture of simple pedicels interspersed with taller erect stems to
<quantity id="6430B5F7B913FFE51C2079B7FBB6FBAE" box="[1039,1105,1022,1046]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
high. Pedicillate stems short, variable in length with a single distal hydrotheca; stems deeply ringed below hydrotheca, typically with 6–8 annulations or sometimes annulated throughout. Erect stems straight to weakly sympodial, base of stem with several deep annulations, following internodes narrowly cylindrical, each with up to 10 proximal annulations. Hydrothecal pedicels of erect stems arising alternately at an acute upward angle to internode from a distal thickening of internode; pedicels variable in length but always shorter than cauline internode, typically annulated throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518EA7E9FFEDEFAE2" blockId="27.[151,1437,806,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydrotheca long and slenderly conical, perisarc thin and smooth, very thin at margin. Basal chamber deep, almost rectangular, diaphragm thin, visible as a concave ring of tissue supporting the hydranth. Margin of hydrotheca circular, fragile, with 6–10 sharp bimucronate cusps separated by shallow embayments. Hydranth with 8–10 long tentacles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518EA7F2FFECCFA52" blockId="27.[151,1437,806,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Gonotheca borne on hydrorhiza among pedicellate stems; erect stems on an annulated pedicel in axil between stem internode and hydrothecal pedicel. Gonotheca narrowly top-shaped to conical, walls smooth, thin; apex a broadly cylindrical neck, aperture closed by a thin sheet of tissue. Gonophore with 4–5, sometimes up to 8 developing medusae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518EA7FBFFD53F98A" blockId="27.[151,1437,806,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Cnidome comprising nematocysts of one size: microbasic mastigophores (see
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B913FFE51C1C7FBFFAF1F9B6" author="Bouillon" box="[1075,1302,1526,1551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J-M. &amp; Boero, F. (2006) An Introduction to Hydrozoa. Publications Scientifiques du Museum Paris. 591 pp." type="book" year="2006">
Bouillon
<emphasis id="91BCC400B913FFE51CB37FB1FB32F9B6" box="[1180,1237,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
) capsule 8–
<date id="D7763ED2B913FFE518B87C53FF42F98A" box="[151,165,1562,1586]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">9</date>
x 2–3 µm, shaft 5–8µm, tubule to 85 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518EA7C77FE89F9C2" blockId="27.[151,1437,806,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Medusa typically obeliate at release, tiny and fragile with 24 transparent equidistant tentacles and a goldenbrown manubrium.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B913FFE518EA7CCFFE10F926" blockId="27.[151,1437,806,1694]" box="[197,503,1670,1694]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Colonies translucent white.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F7B7489AB914FFE218B87ED2FC78FB56" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203978/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[488,1174,200,1103]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="A3771812B914FFE218B87ED2FC78FB56" blockId="28.[151,1437,1179,1262]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE218B87ED2FEC7FB08" bold="true" box="[151,288,1179,1202]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B914FFE219087ED2FE05FB09" box="[295,482,1179,1201]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spongicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE219087ED2FE05FB09" box="[295,482,1179,1201]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Obelia spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB914FFE219C67ED5FDDDFB09" box="[489,570,1180,1201]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE219C67ED5FDDDFB09" bold="true" box="[489,570,1180,1201]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, fertile colony on sponge. B, fertile stem internodes. C, hydrotheca with castellate margin and diaphragm. D, pedicellate hydrotheca and gonotheca on hydrorhiza. E, hydrorhiza with embedded sponge spicules. F, microbasic mastigophore. Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm, C–E, 0.5 mm, F, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B914FFE218EA7F55FDB7F997" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B914FFE218EA7F55FC2FFAEF" blockId="28.[151,1437,1307,1760]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE218EA7F55FEDEFA8C" bold="true" box="[197,313,1308,1332]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B914FFE2196E7F52FDF7FA8B" box="[321,528,1307,1331]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE2196E7F52FDF7FA8B" box="[321,528,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Obelia spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B914FFE21ABF7F52FCA9FA8B" box="[656,846,1307,1331]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE21ABF7F52FCA9FA8B" box="[656,846,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Obelia bidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but is distinguished from that species by its smaller size and fragile, strictly monosiphonic colonies and smaller hydrothecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B914FFE218EA7F2AFDB7F997" blockId="28.[151,1437,1307,1760]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
The species is very common in Port Phillip where it grows on several species of soft-textured yellow and orange sponges (?
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B914FFE2194D7FCEFE26FA27" box="[354,449,1415,1439]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE2194D7FCEFE26FA27" box="[354,449,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.). It occurs in sheltered shallow water habitat of jetty pilings and reef. The colonies are very fragile and easily brushed from the sponge and can only be successfully collected by sealing samples of the sponge and hydroid
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE2198C7F99FE00FA5F" box="[419,487,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">in situ</emphasis>
in a container. The undersides of the stolons retain rows of embedded needle-shaped sponge spicules. Colonies are present in the warmer months of the year becoming fertile in late summer (March) with water temperatures of 18 to 20º C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B914FFE218EA7C72FE6DF9CF" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A3771812B914FFE218EA7C72FE6DF9CF" blockId="28.[151,1437,1307,1760]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B914FFE218EA7C72FE70F9EB" ID-CoL="488YZ" box="[197,407,1595,1619]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE218EA7C72FE70F9EB" box="[197,407,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Obelia spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported by Watson (2003) from the Isles of St Francis, South
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B914FFE21C997C72FAC7F9EB" box="[1206,1312,1595,1619]" name="Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</collectingCountry>
, as
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B914FFE21D7F7C72FE62F9CF" ID-CoL="3S87P" authority="Bale, 1894" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1894" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE21D7F7C72FEE4F9CF" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Obelia spinulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B914FFE219267C16FE62F9CF" author="Bale" box="[265,389,1631,1655]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Bale, W. M. (1894) Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 6, 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B914FFE218E87CCDFC56F924" box="[199,945,1667,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A3771812B914FFE218E87CCDFC56F924" blockId="28.[151,1437,1307,1760]" box="[199,945,1667,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE218E87CCDFEA9F924" bold="true" box="[199,334,1668,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named for its association with sponges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B914FFE318E87CEEFC3DFCCC" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A3771812B914FFE218E87CEEFDDCF958" blockId="28.[151,1437,1307,1760]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B914FFE218E87CEEFE87F978" bold="true" box="[199,352,1703,1728]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</emphasis>
Port Phillip, Victoria and South
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B914FFE21AF37CEEFCA0F907" box="[732,839,1703,1727]" name="Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</collectingCountry>
. The species is probably more widely distributed in suitable habitat in southern
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B914FFE219E37C81FDD1F958" box="[460,566,1736,1760]" name="Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB915FFE318B87AD1FD49FF16" box="[151,686,152,174]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87AD1FD49FF16" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" box="[151,686,152,174]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87AD1FEF6FF15" bold="true" box="[151,273,152,173]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">TABLE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B915FFE319387AD1FE36FF16" box="[279,465,152,174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spongicola">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE319387AD1FE36FF16" box="[279,465,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Obelia spongicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B47A80FC26FF67" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" box="[155,961,201,223]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydrorhiza, diameter 52–60</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B47ABAFC01FEB0" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" box="[155,998,242,264]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stem, internode length 640–1160</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B47B52FF01FE89" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" box="[155,230,283,305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pedicel</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE3188E7B0CFC26FE16" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">length to basal hydrothecal segment 120–400 diameter 44–48 basal section, length to diaphragm 44–76</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B47B88FEF6FE6F" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" box="[155,273,449,471]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE3188E7BA3FC26FD1E" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">length, margin to diaphragm 300–360 width at diaphragm 60–76 diameter at margin 160–184 height of cusp 20–24 width of saddle 24–26</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B478F0FEEFFD77" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" box="[155,264,697,719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gonotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE3188E78ABFC3DFCCC" blockId="29.[151,998,152,884]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">length of pedicel 80–120 length excluding pedicel 600–680 maximum width 192–256 width of orifice 124–152</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87EAFFDA1FAB8" blockId="29.[151,582,1254,1313]" box="[151,582,1254,1280]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="F83FAF7EB915FFE318B87EAFFDA1FAB8" bold="true" box="[151,582,1254,1280]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B915FFE318B87EAFFDA1FAB8" ID-CoL="3GZSD" authority="Allman, 1859" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,582,1254,1280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gonothyraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="loveni">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87EAFFDA1FAB8" bold="true" box="[151,582,1254,1280]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87EAFFE61FAB8" bold="true" box="[151,390,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gonothyraea loveni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE319BA7EAFFDD9FAB8" author="Allman" box="[405,574,1254,1280]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Allman, G. J. (1859) Notes on the hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3), 4 (19), 48 - 55, (3) 4 (20), 137 - 144, (3), 4 (23), 367 - 370." type="journal article" year="1859">Allman, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87F40FEFBFA99" blockId="29.[151,582,1254,1313]" box="[151,284,1289,1313]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B915FFE318B87F40FF03FA99" box="[151,228,1289,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1174,1197]" captionTargetBox="[347,1257,240,1136]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[291,1320,195,1171]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Gonothryraea loveni. A, part of branch showing alternate pedicels. B, campanulate hydrotheca with thin diaphragm. C, conical hydrotheca with desmocytes above diaphragm. D, indented castellated hydrothecal margin. Scale bar: A, 0.1 mm, B, C, 0.5 mm, D, 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203979/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
A–D
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B915FFE318B87F18FC3CF985" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87F18FDF7FADF" blockId="29.[151,1437,1361,1598]" box="[151,528,1361,1383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83D83F3CB915FFE318B87F18FDF7FADF" box="[151,528,1361,1383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B915FFE318B87F18FDEBFADF" ID-CoL="3S87F" authority="Allman, 1859: 138" authorityName="Allman" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,524,1361,1383]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Laomedea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="loveni">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87F18FEA3FADF" box="[151,324,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Laomedea loveni</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE319647F18FDEBFADF" author="Allman" box="[331,524,1361,1383]" page="138" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1859">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE319647F18FE3DFADF" author="Allman" box="[331,474,1361,1383]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Allman, G. J. (1859) Notes on the hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3), 4 (19), 48 - 55, (3) 4 (20), 137 - 144, (3), 4 (23), 367 - 370." type="journal article" year="1859">Allman, 1859</bibRefCitation>
: 138
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87F39FE6FFA7B" blockId="29.[151,1437,1361,1598]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83D83F3CB915FFE318B87F39FE6FFA7B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B915FFE318B87F39FEB8FA3E" ID-CoL="3GZSD" box="[151,351,1392,1414]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gonothyraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="loveni">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87F39FEB8FA3E" box="[151,351,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gonothyraea loveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE319577F39FDC3FA3D" author="Linko" box="[376,548,1392,1414]" page="212" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE319577F39FE14FA3D" author="Linko" box="[376,499,1392,1414]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Linko, A. K. (1911) Hydraires (Hydroidea). Haleciidae, Lafoeidae, Bonnevielliidae et Campanulariidae. Faune de la Russe et des pays limitrophes 1, 1 - 250, pls 1 - 2 [in Russian]." type="journal article" year="1911">Linko, 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 212
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 40.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE31AA77F39FCD1FA3D" author="Ralph" box="[648,822,1392,1414]" page="824" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE31AA77F39FCE2FA3E" author="Ralph" box="[648,773,1392,1414]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1957) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part I. Campanulariidae and Campanulinidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 84, 811 - 854." type="journal article" year="1957">Ralph, 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 824
</treatmentCitation>
, fig
<quantity id="6430B5F7B915FFE31B4E7F39FC9FFA3E" box="[865,888,1392,1414]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
–k.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE31B837F39FB8EFA3D" author="Millard" box="[940,1129,1392,1414]" page="224" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE31B837F39FBDFFA3E" author="Millard" box="[940,1080,1392,1414]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 224
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 74A–F.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE31CD87F39FF05FA1C" author="Cornelius" page="92" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE31CD87F39FA7EFA3D" author="Cornelius" box="[1271,1433,1392,1414]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1982) Hydroids and medusae of the family Campanulariidae recorded from the eastern North Atlantic, with a world synopsis of genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 42, 37 - 148." type="journal article" year="1982">Cornelius, 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 92
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 15.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE3196A7FC7FD99FA1C" author="Cornelius" box="[325,638,1422,1444]" page="131" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE3196A7FC7FDAAFA1C" author="Cornelius" box="[325,589,1422,1444]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. &amp; Ryland, J. S. (1990) Hydrozoa. pp. 101 - 159 In Haywood, P. J., &amp; Ryland, J. S. (eds) The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Vol. 1, Introduction and Protozoans to Arthropods. Oxford Univerity Press, Oxford. i - xvi, 1 - 627." type="journal article" year="1990">Cornelius &amp; Ryland, 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 131
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4.12.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE31ADB7FC7FC36FA1C" author="Cairns" box="[756,977,1422,1445]" page="23" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE31ADB7FC7FC49FA1C" author="Cairns" box="[756,942,1422,1445]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Cairns S. D., Calder, D. R., Brinckman-Voss, A., Castro, C. B., Pugh, P. R., Cutress, P. B., Jaap, W. C., Fautin, D. G., Larson, R. J., Harrison, G. R., Arai M. N., &amp; Opresko, D. M., (1991) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Special Publications, American Fisheries Society, 22, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1991">
Cairns
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE31B147FD9FC95FA1D" box="[827,882,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.,</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
: 23
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE31BC67FC7FB2EFA1C" author="Cornelius" box="[1001,1225,1422,1444]" page="262" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE31BC67FC7FB70FA1C" author="Cornelius" box="[1001,1175,1422,1444]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. In R. S. K. Barnes &amp; J. H. Crothers (eds), Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 50, 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995" yearSuffix="b">Cornelius, 1995b</bibRefCitation>
: 262
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 60.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE31D037FC6FE64FA7B" author="Vervoort" page="422" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE31D037FC6FEB5FA7B" author="Vervoort" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) Marine Fauna of New Zealand. Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 422
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87F85FD73FA59" blockId="29.[151,1437,1361,1598]" box="[151,660,1483,1506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83D83F3CB915FFE318B87F85FD73FA59" box="[151,660,1483,1506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B915FFE318B87F85FEC7FA5A" ID-CoL="488YJ" box="[151,288,1484,1506]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="loveni">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87F85FEC7FA5A" box="[151,288,1484,1506]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Obelia loveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE319167F84FDE3FA59" author="Naumov" box="[313,516,1483,1506]" page="264" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE319167F84FE35FA59" author="Naumov" box="[313,466,1483,1506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Naumov, D. V. (1960) Gidroidi i gidromedusy morskikh, solonovatovodnykh i presnovodnykh basseinov SSSR. Opredeleteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 70, 1 - 626. [In Russian]. [English translation by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1969, cat. no. 5108, as &quot; Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the Marine, Brackish and Freshwater Basins of the USSR, 1 - 631]" type="journal article" year="1960">Naumov, 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 264
</treatmentCitation>
, figs
<date id="D7763ED2B915FFE31A157F82FDBBFA59" box="[570,604,1483,1505]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1916-01">16i</date>
, 152.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87FA3FCA6F9B8" blockId="29.[151,1437,1361,1598]" box="[151,833,1514,1536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83D83F3CB915FFE318B87FA3FCA6F9B8" box="[151,833,1514,1536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B915FFE318B87FA3FDD7F9B8" authority="Hilgendorf, 1898: 205" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityPageNumber="205" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,560,1514,1536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Calycella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87FA3FEAEF9B8" box="[151,329,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Calycella parkeri</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE319607FA3FDD7F9B8" author="Hilgendorf" box="[335,560,1514,1536]" page="205" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE319607FA3FDE5F9B8" author="Hilgendorf" box="[335,514,1514,1536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Hilgendorf, F. W. (1898) On the hydroids of the neighbourhood of Dunedin. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 30, 200 - 218." type="journal article" year="1898">Hilgendorf, 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 205
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
pl. 17, figs 3, 3a–d, pl. 18.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87C40FDC9F9A7" blockId="29.[151,1437,1361,1598]" box="[151,558,1545,1567]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83D83F3CB915FFE318B87C40FDC9F9A7" box="[151,558,1545,1567]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B915FFE318B87C40FE89F9A7" ID-CoL="Q5BH" box="[151,366,1545,1567]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gonothyraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87C40FE89F9A7" box="[151,366,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gonothyraea parkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE319A97C40FDCCF9A7" author="Bale" box="[390,555,1545,1567]" page="231" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE319A97C40FE1FF9A7" author="Bale" box="[390,504,1545,1567]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Bale, W. M. (1924) Report on some hydroids from the New Zealand coast, with notes on New Zealand Hydroida generally, supplementing Farquhar's list. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 55, 225 - 268." type="journal article" year="1924">Bale, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 231
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B915FFE318B87C61FC3CF985" blockId="29.[151,1437,1361,1598]" box="[151,987,1576,1598]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83D83F3CB915FFE318B87C61FC3CF985" box="[151,987,1576,1598]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B915FFE318B87C61FDD6F985" ID-CoL="6NWQ3" authority="Hincks, 1868: 184" authorityName="Hincks" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,561,1576,1598]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gonothyraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B915FFE318B87C61FE88F986" box="[151,367,1576,1598]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gonothyraea hyalina</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE3195B7C61FDD6F985" author="Hincks" box="[372,561,1576,1598]" page="184" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1868">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE3195B7C61FE18F986" author="Hincks" box="[372,511,1576,1598]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Hincks, T. (1868) A History of British Hydroid Zoophytes. John van Voorst, London. 1, 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1868">Hincks, 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 184
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 35, fig. 2.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B915FFE31AFE7C61FC60F986" author="Hodgson" box="[721,903,1576,1598]" page="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B915FFE31AFE7C61FC88F986" author="Hodgson" box="[721,879,1576,1598]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Hodgson, M. M. (1950) A revision of the Tasmanian Hydroida. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 1949, 1 - 65." type="book chapter" year="1950">Hodgson, 1950</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 10.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F7B7489AB916FFE018B87EDFFE1DFB52" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203979/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[347,1257,240,1136]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="A3771812B916FFE018B87EDFFE1DFB52" blockId="30.[151,1436,1174,1258]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B916FFE018B87EDFFEC5FB13" bold="true" box="[151,290,1174,1197]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="91BCC400B916FFE019057EDFFDE0FB14" box="[298,519,1174,1196]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B916FFE019057EDFFDE3FB14" box="[298,516,1174,1196]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gonothryraea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="loveni">Gonothryraea loveni</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A, part of branch showing alternate pedicels. B, campanulate hydrotheca with thin diaphragm. C, conical hydrotheca with desmocytes above diaphragm. D, indented castellated hydrothecal margin. Scale bar: A, 0.1 mm, B, C, 0.5 mm, D, 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B916FFE018B87F5FFED3FACE" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A3771812B916FFE018B87F5FFED3FACE" blockId="30.[151,1437,1302,1758]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B916FFE018B87F5FFE66FA97" bold="true" box="[151,385,1302,1327]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B916FFE019A57F5EFE2CFA96" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[394,459,1303,1326]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">NMV</collectionCode>
F171373, microslide, colony Port Phillip Heads, on sponge, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B916FFE01CE77F5FFAE3FA96" box="[1224,1284,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B916FFE018E27F73FEA8FAEA" box="[205,335,1338,1362]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1992-07-24">24/07/1992</date>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B916FFE019747F73FD51FAEA" box="[347,694,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Material in author’s collection</emphasis>
: Halibut oil drilling platform, Bass Strait, colony on barnacle,
<quantity id="6430B5F7B916FFE01DAF7F73FF48FACE" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
,
<date id="D7763ED2B916FFE018947F16FED7FACE" box="[187,304,1374,1398]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1975-06">June 1975</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B916FFE118E87FCBFE1BFBF4" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="A3771812B916FFE018E87FCBFC31F9BE" blockId="30.[151,1437,1302,1758]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B916FFE018E87FCBFEB2FA23" bold="true" box="[199,341,1410,1435]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description.</emphasis>
Single pedicellate hydrothecae and erect stems arising from a hydrorhiza creeping on substrate. Hydrorhizal stolons tubular, smooth, perisarc thin, some enclosing sponge spicules. Longer stems monosiphonic, to
<quantity id="6430B5F7B916FFE0189C7F83FF13FA5A" box="[179,244,1482,1506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
high, junction of stem and hydrorhiza with 9–10 deep annulations; stems with 4–6 widely spaced alternate pedicels, stem internodes long, annulated at base with up to 10 deep rings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B916FFE018EA7C5BFE94F966" blockId="30.[151,1437,1302,1758]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hydrotheca terminal on a short pedicel held at an acute angle of c. 35° from stem, a slight thickening at junction of stem with pedicel; pedicels annulated throughout. Hydrotheca conical, somewhat variable in length and width, walls smooth, expanding evenly from base to margin, basal chamber distinct, rectangular to quadrangular in shape, merging smoothly into hydrotheca, distal wall of basal chamber a thickened transverse or slightly concave rim, a ring of desmocytes above. Margin of hydrotheca dentate with 10–12 shallow castellated cusps, each cusp shallowly indented.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB917FFE118B87AD1FD5AFF16" box="[151,701,152,174]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE118B87AD1FD5AFF16" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" box="[151,701,152,174]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B917FFE118B87AD1FEF6FF15" bold="true" box="[151,273,152,173]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">TABLE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B917FFE119387AD1FE06FF16" box="[279,481,152,174]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Gonothyraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="loveni">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B917FFE119387AD1FE06FF16" box="[279,481,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Gonothyraea loveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE118B07A80FC04FF67" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" box="[159,995,201,223]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hydrorhiza, diameter 200–220</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE118B07ABAFF35FEB0" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" box="[159,210,243,264]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stem</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE1188A7B52FC08FEE3" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">internode diameter 120–144 distance between pedicels 800–1060</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE118B07B27FF0DFE3C" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" box="[159,234,366,388]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pedicel</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE1188A7BD1FC32FE6F" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Length 280–448 Diameter 80–112</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE118B07BA3FEF2FDB8" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" box="[159,277,490,512]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE1188A785AFC2DFD1D" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">length, diaphragm to margin 480–704 width at diaphragm 128–344 width at margin 352–400 basal chamber, depth 72–88</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B917FFE118B078F0FED7FD77" blockId="31.[151,1007,152,801]" box="[159,304,697,719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Marginal cusp</paragraph>
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Depth 28–40 width of embayment 44–48
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This material was originally identified as
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B917FFE11B3D79C9FC28FC20" box="[786,975,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Obelia bidentata</emphasis>
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by Watson (1994) but re–examination of the hydrothecal rim shows the cusps to be castellated, not sharply bimucronate as in that species.
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gave dimensions of
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from the Derwent River estuary but his measurements are difficult to interpret since there is no way of relating the aspects of the hydrotheca to actual measurements. The present material agrees in general with Hodgson’s description of Australian material and that of
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B917FFE11B897E46FBDCFB9F" author="Ralph" box="[934,1083,1039,1063]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Ralph, P. M. (1957) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part I. Campanulariidae and Campanulinidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 84, 811 - 854." type="journal article" year="1957">Ralph (1957)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B917FFE11C5E7E58FA7BFB9F" author="Vervoort" box="[1137,1436,1039,1064]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) Marine Fauna of New Zealand. Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
for material from
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.
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B917FFE118EA7E1EFEB9FBC8" bold="true" box="[197,350,1111,1136]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan in littoral temperate zone. The depth record of
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is unusual.
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: 380
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, fig. 46.–
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: 20
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. –
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. – Stechow, 1923: 18.–
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.–
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: 108
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, 117, fig. 10.–
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: 10
</treatmentCitation>
, 61.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B919FFEF1CE57D94FA6DF84A" author="Fraser" box="[1226,1418,2012,2034]" page="135" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B919FFEF1CE57D94FABEF84A" author="Fraser" box="[1226,1369,2012,2034]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1938 b) Hydroids of the 1936 and 1937 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 4 (2), 107 - 127." type="journal article" year="1938" yearSuffix="b">Fraser, 1938b</bibRefCitation>
: 135
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC18E87AD0FE62FF15" author="Fraser" box="[199,389,152,174]" page="111" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC18E87AD0FEB3FF15" author="Fraser" box="[199,340,152,174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1938 c) Hydroids of the 1932, 1933, 1935 and 1938 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 4 (3), 129 - 152." type="journal article" year="1938" yearSuffix="c">Fraser, 1938c</bibRefCitation>
: 111
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC19B07AD0FDB1FF16" author="Fraser" box="[415,598,152,174]" page="161" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC19B07AD0FDC5FF15" author="Fraser" box="[415,546,152,174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1939) Distribution of the hydroids in the collections of the Allan Hancock Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4, 155 - 178." type="journal article" year="1939">Fraser, 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 161
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1A597AD0FCF9FF16" author="Fraser" box="[630,798,152,174]" page="95" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1943">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1A597AD0FD1FFF15" author="Fraser" box="[630,760,152,174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1943) Distribution records of some hydroids in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, with descriptions of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 22, 75 - 98." type="journal article" year="1943">Fraser, 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 95
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1B177AD0FC06FF15" author="Fraser" box="[824,993,152,174]" page="40" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1B177AD0FC5CFF15" author="Fraser" box="[824,955,152,174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. The University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1 - 451." type="book chapter" year="1944">Fraser, 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 40
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1BD57AD0FB48FF16" author="Fraser" box="[1018,1199,152,174]" page="334" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1BD57AD0FB9AFF15" author="Fraser" box="[1018,1149,152,174]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. The University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1 - 451." type="book chapter" year="1944">Fraser, 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 334
</treatmentCitation>
–335, pl. 71, fig. 323.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC18E87AFEFE8BFF74" author="Fraser" box="[199,364,182,204]" page="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1945">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC18E87AFEFEAFFF74" author="Fraser" box="[199,328,182,204]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1945) Notes on some recently collected hydroids in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 35, 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1945">Fraser, 1945</bibRefCitation>
: 21
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC19AB7AFEFDDFFF74" author="Fraser" box="[388,568,183,204]" page="274" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1948">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC19AB7AFEFDE2FF74" author="Fraser" box="[388,517,183,204]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4, 179 - 343." type="journal article" year="1948">Fraser, 1948</bibRefCitation>
: 274
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1A7B7AFFFCD3FF74" author="Pennycuik" box="[596,820,182,204]" page="178" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1A7B7AFFFCE5FF74" author="Pennycuik" box="[596,770,182,204]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Pennycuik, P. R. (1959) Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. Marine and brackish water hydroids. Papers of the Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, 1, 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1959">Pennycuik, 1959</bibRefCitation>
: 178
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3 fig. 6.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1BEF7AFFFB9FFF74" author="Yamada" box="[960,1144,182,204]" page="81" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1BEF7AFFFBB2FF74" author="Yamada" box="[960,1109,182,204]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Yamada, M. (1959) Hydroid fauna of Japanese and its adjacent waters. Publications from the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station, 9, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1959">Yamada, 1959</bibRefCitation>
: 81
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1CBE7AFEFABFFF74" author="Mammen" box="[1169,1368,182,204]" page="98" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1CBE7AFEFAD3FF74" author="Mammen" box="[1169,1332,182,204]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Mammen, T. A. (1965) On a collection of hydroids from South India. II. Suborder Thecata (excluding family Plumulariidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 7, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1965">Mammen, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 98
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1D5E7AFEFE8FFF53" author="Vervoort" page="61" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1D5E7AFEFEA6FF53" author="Vervoort" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 61
</treatmentCitation>
. –
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC19A67A9CFD76FF52" author="Rho" box="[393,657,213,235]" page="101" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC19A67A9CFDB9FF52" author="Rho" box="[393,606,213,235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Rho, B. J. &amp; Chang, S. R. (1972) A taxonomic study of the marine hydroids in Korea. 3. Marine hydroids from Jeju-Do and Chuja-Kundo. Journal of the Korean Research Institute for Better Living, Ewha Womans University, 9, 97 - 112. (Korean with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1972">Rho &amp; Chang, 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 101
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, pl. 3 figs 12.– Millard, 1973: 30.–
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1C277A9CFAF2FF52" author="Millard" box="[1032,1301,213,235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Millard, N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Serie in 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC19C77ABAFCE1FEB1" author="Millard" box="[488,774,243,265]" page="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC19C77ABAFD08FEB1" author="Millard" box="[488,751,243,265]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Millard, N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1974) A collection of hydroids from Mocambique, East Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 65, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1974">Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 9
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1B317ABAFBFAFEB1" author="Rho" box="[798,1053,243,265]" page="148" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1B317ABAFC0BFEB1" author="Rho" box="[798,1004,243,265]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Rho, B. J. &amp; Chang, S. R. (1974) On the classification and the distribution of the marine benthic animals in Korea. I. Hydroids. Journal of the Korean Research Institute for Better Living, Ewha Womans University, 12, 133 - 158." type="journal article" year="1974">Rho &amp; Chang, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1C1B7ABAFB14FEB1" author="Millard" box="[1076,1267,243,265]" page="195" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1C1B7ABAFB24FEB1" author="Millard" box="[1076,1219,243,265]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1978) The geographical distribution of southern African hydroids. Annals of the South African Museum, 74, 159 - 200." type="journal article" year="1978">Millard, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 195
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1D247ABCFF08FE90" author="Watson" page="234" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1D247ABCFA7FFEB1" author="Watson" box="[1291,1432,244,266]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Watson, J. E. (1979) Biota of a temperate shallow water reef. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 103, 227 - 235." type="journal article" year="1979">Watson, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC19277B5BFE39FE90" author="Ljubenkov" box="[264,478,274,296]" page="50" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC19277B5BFE5FFE90" author="Ljubenkov" box="[264,440,274,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Ljubenkov, J. C. (1980) Phylum Cnidaria. In Straughan, D. &amp; Klink, R. W. (eds) A taxonomic listing of common marine invertebrate species from southern California. Technical Reports of the Allan Hancock Foundation, 3, 44 - 68." type="journal article" year="1980">Ljubenkov, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 50
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC19D87B5BFD43FE90" author="Calder" box="[503,676,274,296]" page="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC19D87B5BFD99FE90" author="Calder" box="[503,638,274,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Calder, D. R. (1983) Hydroida from estuaries of South Carolina, USA: families Sertulariidae and Plumulariidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 7 - 28." type="journal article" year="1983">Calder, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 9.– Hirohito, 1983: 65.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1BF37B5BFB65FE90" author="Park" box="[988,1154,274,296]" page="294" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1BF37B5BFBA9FE90" author="Park" box="[988,1102,274,296]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Park, J-H. (1992) Zoogeographical distribution of marine hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Hydroida) in Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 8, 279 - 299." type="journal article" year="1992">Park, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1CB57B5BFE83FEFF" author="Bouillon" page="50" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1CB57B5BFED9FEFF" author="Bouillon" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Bouillon, J., Massin, C. &amp; Kresevic, R. (1995) Hydroidomedusae de l'Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique. Documents de Travail de l'Insitut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 78, 3 - 106." type="journal article" year="1995">Bouillon, Massin &amp; Kresevic, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 50
</treatmentCitation>
.– Hirohito, 1995: 249, fig. 84a–g.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1AFB7B78FC68FEFF" author="Migotto" box="[724,911,305,327]" page="50" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1AFB7B78FC8EFEFF" author="Migotto" box="[724,873,305,327]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
, 123, fig.
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–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1C0B7B7BFB3FFEFF" author="Watson" box="[1060,1240,305,327]" page="78" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1996">
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: 78
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1CDF7B78FF08FEDD" author="Schuchert" page="130" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1CDF7B78FA7FFEFF" author="Schuchert" box="[1264,1432,305,327]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 130
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 47.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC197A7B19FD88FEDD" author="Ansin" box="[341,623,336,358]" page="171" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2001">
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Ansín Agís,
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91AFFEC19FB7B18FE1EFEDE" box="[468,505,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et a</emphasis>
l 2001
</bibRefCitation>
: 171
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 71.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1AFA7B19FC63FEDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3508622" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3508622" author="Galea" box="[725,900,336,358]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D787AB6C1FFFFDFF62CDCEA854B889" page="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2010">
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, fig.
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B91AFFEC18B87B26FE88FE3D" box="[151,367,367,389]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Monostaechas fisheri</emphasis>
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: 959
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</taxonomicName>
, pl. 5, fig. 3, pl. 12, fig. 8.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1B7C7B27FC00FE3C" author="Bedot" box="[851,999,366,388]" page="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1921">
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: 6
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.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1BD07B27FB75FE3C" author="Bedot" box="[1023,1170,366,388]" page="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1921">
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: 9
</treatmentCitation>
.– Vannucci, 1949: 252, pl. 3, figs 51–54. –
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC19427BC4FD6EFE1A" author="Vannucci-Mendes" box="[365,649,397,419]" page="90" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1950">
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: 90
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1, fig. 6.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1B307BC4FC17FE1B" author="Vannucci" box="[799,1008,397,419]" page="106" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1951">
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</treatmentCitation>
, 108, 112, 114.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1CB07BC7FA7FFE1B" author="Von" box="[1183,1432,397,419]" page="896" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC1CB07BC7FA82FE1B" author="Von" box="[1183,1381,397,419]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Von Schenck, D. A. (1965) Aglaophenia harpago, a new species of the Plumulariidae (Hydroidea). Pubblicazione della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 34 (3), 211 - 215." type="journal article" year="1965">Von Schenck, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 896
</treatmentCitation>
, 910, 926, fig. 3d, 9.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC19B47BE2FDBBFE79" author="Migotto" box="[411,604,427,449]" page="123" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91AFFEC19B47BE2FDCAFE79" author="Migotto" box="[411,557,427,449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 123
</treatmentCitation>
.–
<treatmentCitation id="22693E03B91AFFEC1A5B7BE2FCAEFE79" author="Schuchert" box="[628,841,427,449]" page="127" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1997">
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: 127
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, fig. 46.
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<paragraph id="A3771812B91AFFEC18B87BA7FF31FD66" blockId="18.[151,1437,494,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91AFFEC18B87BA7FE67FDBF" bold="true" box="[151,384,494,519]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B91AFFEC19A87BA6FE2FFDBE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[391,456,495,518]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">NMV</collectionCode>
F171364, colony, and microslide from colony, Blairgowrie, Port Phillip, Victoria, large fertile colonies on pier pilings, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91AFFEC1A6E785BFD6CFD92" box="[577,651,530,554]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B91AFFEC1B60785BFC35FD92" box="[847,978,530,554]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-09-20">20/09/2007</date>
. Material alcohol preserved.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91AFFEC1D33785AFE8DFDF6" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material in author’s collection</emphasis>
: Mornington, Port Phillip, Victoria, infertile colony on mussels (
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91AFFEC1C7C787FFA8AFDF6" box="[1107,1389,566,590]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="galloprovincialis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91AFFEC1C7C787FFA8AFDF6" box="[1107,1389,566,590]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mytilus galloprovincialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) on pier pilings, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91AFFEC19477813FE72FDCA" box="[360,405,602,626]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B91AFFEC1A7C7813FD31FDCA" box="[595,726,602,626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1999-01-20">20/01/1999</date>
. Symonds Channel Port Phillip, fertile colony on sponge, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91AFFEC18B87837FF34FD2E" box="[151,211,638,662]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B91AFFEC19BA7837FDF0FD2E" box="[405,535,638,662]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-02-19">19/02/2007</date>
. Boat Rocks, Stradbroke Island, Queensland, infertile colony on red alga, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91AFFEC18B878EBFF34FD02" box="[151,211,674,698]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B91AFFEC19B678EBFDFBFD02" box="[409,540,674,698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1975-08-24">24/08/1975</date>
. Whitfords Reef, Perth, Western
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B91AFFEC1BB978EBFBE7FD02" box="[918,1024,674,698]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Australia</collectingCountry>
, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91AFFEC1C7C78EBFB77FD02" box="[1107,1168,674,698]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B91AFFEC1D7978EBFF35FD66" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1983-11-22">22/11/ 1983</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91AFFED18E878A3FC0DF99F" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91AFFEC18E878A3FE0BFC2A" blockId="18.[151,1437,494,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91AFFEC18E878A3FEBEFCBB" bold="true" box="[199,345,746,771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</emphasis>
Colonies comprising bunches of many stems to
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91AFFEC1BA278A3FC0BFCBA" box="[909,1004,746,770]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
high. Hydrorhiza a tangle of stolons; stolons tubular, rugose, of same diameter as stems. Stems straight, monosiphonic, slender, lower stem region ahydrocladiate, internodes long, cylindrical, nodes transverse, varying from obscure to distinct, usually a slight tumescence below node; proximal internodes without nematothecae; internodes further up stem with up to six nematothecae in a double row.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91AFFEC18EA79D7FDBEFBFE" blockId="18.[151,1437,494,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stems sparingly to much branched, primary branches opposite to alternate, distal on internode, arising from a long tubular, upwardly directed apophysis, distal node of apophysis transverse to weakly oblique, a nematotheca in axil and one cauline nematotheca below branch; primary branching from the stem dichotomous or trichotomous; when dichotomous, branches opposite, if trichotomous the third branch inserted between the first two; branches displaced towards front or back of stem.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91AFFEC18EA7E1BFDB0FB0A" blockId="18.[151,1437,494,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Primary branch internodes long, slender, ahydrothecate, with a row of up to five nematothecae; secondary and tertiary hydrocladia (branches) given off from distal apophyses on internode, a nematotheca in axil; tertiary branching more common in distal stem region.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91AFFEC18EA7EF7FD07FAA6" blockId="18.[151,1437,494,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Proximal internode of hydrothecate hydrocladium with a long oblique proximal node passing below hydrotheca; secondary and tertiary hydrocladia usually beginning with a moderately long athecate internode with oblique distal node and two or three adaxillar nematothecae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91AFFEC18EA7F63FD66F9A2" blockId="18.[151,1437,494,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hydrocladial internodes alternately hydrothecate and ahydrothecate; proximal node of hydrothecate internode strongly oblique, passing below hydrotheca, distal node transverse to weakly oblique, indistinct, athecate internode with one or two equidistant median nematothecae Hydrothecate internode short, with a centrally placed hydrotheca occupying much of internode, hydrotheca seated at an angle of c. 45° to internode, deep cup-shaped, adcauline wall straight, half wall free of internode, abcauline wall straight to weakly convex, slightly thickened, a small foramen connecting with internode at base of wall. Margin circular, transverse to hydrothecal axis, rim slightly everted, perisarc thin. Hydranth with c. 20 tentacles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91AFFEC18EA7C6FFBBBF8AE" blockId="18.[151,1437,494,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">One median nematotheca on ahydrothecate internode two-chambered, base stout, adcauline side of cup foreshortened and adpressed to internode, median inferior nematotheca same, cup not reaching base of hydrotheca, twin lateral nematothecae movable, tall, splayed outwards on a long pedicel; base of nematotheca conical, about same length as pedicel, cup just overtopping hydrothecal margin, shallow, wide, reduced on side facing hydrotheca; median superior nematotheca single-chambered, small, ovoid, scoop-shaped, dorsally convex, tucked below adcauline wall of hydrotheca. Cauline nematothecae on branch internodes and gonothecae, same as twin laterals but without pedicel, a smaller one, sometimes absent, in axil of branches and hydrocladia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91AFFEC18EA7D6BFD75F856" blockId="18.[151,1437,494,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Male and female gonothecae borne prolifically on same stems and sometimes on same hydrocladium. Male much smaller than female, kidney-shaped, tapering to base, walls smooth, inserted in internode on a pedicel of two segments beside a hydrotheca, a nematotheca at base, aperture terminal, small, circular. Female gonotheca large, kidney-shaped, tapering to base, walls smooth, inserted in internode beside a hydrotheca on a pedicel of three segments, two nematothecae at base; aperture terminal, large, circular, oblique, closed by a slightly domed operculum that ruptures to release a single planula larva.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18EA7ADEFD4CFF08" blockId="19.[197,683,151,176]" box="[197,683,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cnidome of two categories of nematocysts:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B87A96FC1BFEA4" blockId="19.[151,1436,223,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
i) large microbasic mastigophores, capsule oval,
<date id="D7763ED2B91BFFED1AE17A96FCCFFF4F" box="[718,808,223,247]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1918-10-20">18–20 x</date>
7 µm, shaft 17–20 µm long, with large spines, tubule 45 µm long, moderately thick, with small spines; abundant in nematothecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B87B6EFBD1FE87" blockId="19.[151,1436,223,320]" box="[151,1078,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
ii) small isorhizas, capsule
<date id="D7763ED2B91BFFED19F87B61FE1DFE87" box="[471,506,296,319]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">7 x</date>
3 µm, tubule c. 40 µm long; abundant in tentacles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18EA7B26FB87FE3F" blockId="19.[197,1398,367,429]" box="[197,1120,367,391]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Perisarc of hydrocaulus moderately thick, walls of hydrotheca and gonotheca thin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18EA7BDDFA91FE14" blockId="19.[197,1398,367,429]" box="[197,1398,404,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colour of colonies dark purplish grey in life; male gonophore dark brown, female brown to creamy yellow.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB91BFFED18B87B9EFD15FE55" box="[151,754,471,493]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B87B9EFD15FE55" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" box="[151,754,471,493]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED18B87B9EFEE3FE54" bold="true" box="[151,260,471,492]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">TABLE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED19257B9EFDF2FE55" box="[266,533,471,493]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED19257B9EFDF2FE55" box="[266,533,471,493]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Monostaechas quadridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B37841FF37FDA5" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" box="[156,208,520,541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stem</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED188C7878FC0EFD7B" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">internode length 1800–2500 width at node 136–224 length of apophysis 88–120 diameter of apophysis at distal node 136–144</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B3789FFF02FD54" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" box="[156,229,726,748]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Branch</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED188C7949FC1BFCAD" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" box="[163,1020,768,790]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">adcauline length of internode 1020–2000</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B37960FEC8FC87" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" box="[156,303,809,831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hydrocladium</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED188C791BFC0DFC03" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">length of athecate internode 240–360 width at transverse node 80–96 length of hydrothecate internode (abaxial side) 264–336</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B37987FEF5FC5C" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" box="[156,274,974,996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED188C79B1FC0DFBD8" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">length of free adcauline wall 128–160 length of abcauline wall 273–320 diameter of margin 256–280</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B37E3AFEEDFB31" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" box="[156,266,1139,1161]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gonotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED188C7ED4FC0EFAE0" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">length of male 360–400 maximum width of male 216–224 length of female 900–1160 maximum width of female 520–600 length of pedicel (male and female) 110–112</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18B37F22FEC5FA39" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" box="[156,290,1387,1409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Nematotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED188C7FDCFC0DF99F" blockId="19.[151,1021,471,1575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">total length of median inferior 88–100 total length of median superior 58–80 total length of lateral 100–120 total length of others 140–160</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91BFFEA18EA7C2EFB77FEA4" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91BFFED18EA7C2EFB6AF87A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1638,1986]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED18EA7C2EFEDEF9C7" bold="true" box="[197,313,1639,1663]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
The present material agrees in most respects with Nutting’s brief description (1905) of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED1D0B7C21FEFEF91B" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1D0B7C21FEFEF91B" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Monostaechas fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and with dimensions given for both
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED1A807CC5FCFBF91B" box="[687,796,1675,1699]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1A807CC5FCFBF91B" box="[687,796,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED1B7E7CC5FC13F91B" box="[849,1012,1675,1699]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1B7E7CC5FC8FF91B" box="[849,872,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1B597CC2FC13F91B" box="[886,1012,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">quadridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91BFFED1C337CC3FB06F91A" author="Schuchert" box="[1052,1249,1674,1698]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91BFFED1CC47CC3FA7BF91A" author="Stechow" box="[1259,1436,1674,1698]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden von West- und Sudwestaustralien nach den Sammlungen von Prof. Dr. Michaelsen und Prof. Dr. Hartmeyer. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 50, 191 - 270." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow (1925)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91BFFED18E87CE6FE9CF97E" author="Vervoort" box="[199,379,1710,1734]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort (1968)</bibRefCitation>
found no clear differences between the two species and considered
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED1C547CE7FA8BF97E" box="[1147,1388,1710,1734]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1C547CE7FA8BF97E" box="[1147,1388,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Monostaechas fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED18B87C9AFE58F953" box="[151,447,1747,1771]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED18B87C9AFE58F953" box="[151,447,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Monostaechas quadridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
conspecific.
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91BFFED1A787C9BFCE3F952" author="Migotto" box="[599,772,1746,1770]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91BFFED1B117C9BFBE7F952" author="Schuchert" box="[830,1024,1746,1770]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Schuchert, P. (1997) Review of the family Halopterididae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 309, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert (1997)</bibRefCitation>
discussed the supposed differences, Schuchert pointing out that only the presence of a distinct caulus in
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED1BA07CB1FC1BF8B6" box="[911,1020,1782,1807]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1BA07CB1FC1BF8B6" box="[911,1020,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
separated the two species. Nevertheless he kept the two separate until such time as further material became available for examination.
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91BFFED1CD17D53FA7BF88A" author="Calder" box="[1278,1436,1818,1842]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1983) Hydroida from estuaries of South Carolina, USA: families Sertulariidae and Plumulariidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 7 - 28." type="journal article" year="1983">Calder (1983)</bibRefCitation>
identified branched specimens 8.5 cm high as
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED1A897D09FCADF8EE" box="[678,842,1854,1879]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1A897D09FCADF8EE" box="[678,842,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. quadridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a South Carolina estuary but without explanation kept it separate from
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED19997D2DFDC5F8C3" box="[438,546,1891,1915]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fisheri">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED19997D2DFDC5F8C3" box="[438,546,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. fisheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I have examined a specimen of a female colony of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91BFFED1C467D2DFAEBF8C3" box="[1129,1292,1891,1915]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1C467D2DFB67F8C3" box="[1129,1152,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91BFFED1CA17D2AFAEBF8C3" box="[1166,1292,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">quadridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sapelo Island,
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B91BFFED18C47DCFFEA0F826" box="[235,327,1926,1950]" name="Georgia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B91BFFED197C7DCFFE6CF826" box="[339,395,1926,1950]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">USA</collectingCountry>
(coll: M. Gray,
<date id="D7763ED2B91BFFED1A6B7DCFFD07F826" box="[580,736,1926,1950]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1916-11">16 November</date>
, 1964, dredged,
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91BFFED1BB27DCFFC3FF826" box="[925,984,1926,1950]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
) loaned by the Royal Ontario Museum,
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B91BFFED18B87DE3FF09F87A" box="[151,238,1962,1986]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Canada</collectingCountry>
. Other than the Port Phillip colonies being much taller the specimens are identical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91CFFEA18EA7ADEFB77FEA4" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Release of planula larvae of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91CFFEA1A277AD1FCC8FF08" box="[520,815,152,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91CFFEA1A277AD1FCC8FF08" box="[520,815,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Monostaechas quadridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed in the laboratory. Near maturity the spadix of the female gonophore is displaced to one side to accommodate the growing planula. At release it is leechshaped, 1.5–
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in length with strong muscular bands and a rounded anterior end. The body is amber-coloured with indefinite spots and lines and a paler border. It moves rapidly with a slug-like motion.
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Temperate seas; recorded in
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from Queensland (
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) and Western
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(
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,
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;
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). Over the past decade the species has become moderately common in southern Port Phillip suggesting that it may be a recent introduction to Victorian waters.
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B91CFFEA18B87FA4FEFFF9BB" bold="true" box="[151,280,1517,1540]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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. A, stem from colony. B, trichotomously and dichotomously branched stem. C, hydrothecate internodes and ahydrothecate internode. D, hydrotheca, anterior view, median superior and inferior nematothecae not shown. E, female gonotheca. F, male gonotheca. G, lateral nematotheca, H, median inferior nematotheca. I, median superior nematotheca. J, newly released planula larva. Scale bar: A,
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, C–F, 0.5 mm, G–I, 0.2 mm, J,
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Family
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<mods:identifier id="1F7675A9C52FB52E5695CFA4DF6E62AF" type="GBIF-Dataset">473b918b-d698-4f39-bcbb-f19a2667753a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E719B2D57B892FEE0EF797467D9D494C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="76AB2D3387F41A9AB854AC7301625306" type="Zenodo-Dep">203966</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="2B61A904B91DFFE918B87ADEFBBEFCC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184761" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119425477" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B61A904B91DFFE918B87ADEFBBEFCC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B61A904B91DFFE918B87ADEFBBEFCC7" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91DFFEB18B87ADEFEC3FF6B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB18B87ADEFDF6FF09" blockId="21.[151,529,151,211]" box="[151,529,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="F83FAF7EB91DFFEB18B87ADEFDF6FF09" bold="true" box="[151,529,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91DFFEB18B87ADEFDF6FF09" bold="true" box="[151,529,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91DFFEB18B87ADEFE4BFF09" ID-CoL="7FNBK" box="[151,428,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91DFFEB18B87ADEFE4BFF09" bold="true" box="[151,428,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ventromma bellarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB91DFFEB199B7ADEFDF6FF09" box="[436,529,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB18B87AF3FEC3FF6B" blockId="21.[151,529,151,211]" box="[151,292,186,211]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B91DFFEB18B87AF3FF01FF6A" box="[151,230,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1189,1212]" captionTargetBox="[345,1269,200,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[302,1294,193,1176]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ventromma bellarensis sp. nov. A, Branched colony with gonothecae. B, monosiphonic section of branched stem. C hydrocladial internode with hydrotheca. D, monosiphonic branch with axillar nematotheca, hydrostatic pore and proximal branch internode. E, mature gonothecae on polysiphonic stem. F, female gonotheca with ova. G, large microbasic mastigophore. H, small microbasic mastigophore, undischarged. Scale bar: A, 25 mm, B, D, F, 0.5 mm, C, 0.2 mm, E, 1 mm, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203975/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A–H
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91DFFE918B87B4BFCDFFEA4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB18B87B4BFB58FE86" blockId="21.[151,1436,258,606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91DFFEB18B87B4BFE66FEA3" bold="true" box="[151,385,258,283]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B91DFFEB19A67B4BFE13FEA2" box="[393,500,258,282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B91DFFEB1A2E7B4AFDA5FEA2" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[513,578,259,282]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">NMV</collectionCode>
F171365, fertile colony, alcohol preserved; two microslides from
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B91DFFEB1D1D7B4BFA7FFEA2" box="[1330,1432,258,282]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; from floating pontoon in Clifton Springs boat harbour, depth 0.5 m, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B91DFFEB1C697B6FFB5CFE86" box="[1094,1211,294,318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2009-04-07">7/04/2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB18E87B03FDE9FE76" blockId="21.[151,1436,258,606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91DFFEB18E87B03FC80FEDB" bold="true" box="[199,871,330,355]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Description from
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B91DFFEB19B67B02FDE7FEDB" box="[409,512,331,355]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(live and preserved material).
</emphasis>
Colonies comprising pinnate unbranched stems to
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91DFFEB18B87B27FF30FE3E" box="[151,215,366,390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
high interspersed with taller branched stems to
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91DFFEB1AC47B27FCDEFE3E" box="[747,825,366,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
high. Hydrorhiza consisting of narrow tubular, weakly rugose stolons reptant on substrate; on branched stems the stolons joining to become polysiphonic tubes of stem; unbranched stems monosiphonic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB18EA7B93FB8FFDE6" blockId="21.[151,1436,258,606]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Branched stems fan-shaped with one to three upwardly directed branches; stems and branches fascicled, the polysiphonic tubes decreasing in number distally to about two thirds the distance along branch then becoming monosiphonic. Internodes of monosiphonic stems and branches long, cylindrical, slender, nodes transverse, rarely a secondary node close to the primary, a nematotheca between hydrocladium and node.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB91DFFEB18B878C6FD28FD1D" box="[151,719,655,677]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB18B878C6FD28FD1D" blockId="21.[151,987,655,1428]" box="[151,719,655,677]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91DFFEB18B878C6FEE3FD1C" bold="true" box="[151,260,655,676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91DFFEB192578D9FE16FD1D" box="[266,497,655,677]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91DFFEB192578D9FE16FD1D" box="[266,497,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ventromma bellarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB18B57889FEAEFD47" blockId="21.[151,987,655,1428]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hydrorhiza, width 80–96 Branch internode</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB188F795BFECBFC1C" blockId="21.[151,987,655,1428]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">length 464–560 diameter at node 92–112 Apophysis, adcauline length 32–44 Hydrocladium</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB188F79F1FEF7FBCB" blockId="21.[151,987,655,1428]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">length of proximal intersegment 56–80 length of first thecate internode 400–419 diameter at proximal node 60–72 length of thecate internode 544–600 Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB188F7ECFFEEFFAA0" blockId="21.[151,987,655,1428]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">length abcauline wall 76–88 diameter of rim 112–120 Nematotheca, overall length 40–64 Gonotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91DFFEB188F7F62FBE5F971" blockId="21.[151,987,655,1428]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,1497,1737]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">length including pedicel 1300–1360 maximum width 460–400 diameter at margin 460–660 Hydrocladia alternate on stem and branches, one distal on internode, given off from an upwardly directed shoulder-like apophysis, distal node of apophysis transverse, abcauline wall of apophysis curving smoothly up from internode, adcauline wall shorter with a small partial septum and a tiny hydrostatic pore flush with perisarc. Hydrocladia slender, curving gracefully away from stem, bearing up to 10 hydrothecae. Hydrocladium beginning with a short quadrangular athecate segment with transverse to weakly oblique distal node, succeeding internodes hydrothecate, cylindrical, the first shorter than succeeding ones; nodes transverse to slightly oblique, diameter of internode increasing distally to accommodate hydrotheca; no intranodal septa.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB91EFFE818B87EECFAB8FAAF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203975/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[345,1269,200,1155]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91EFFE818B87EECFAB8FAAF" blockId="22.[151,1437,1189,1303]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91EFFE818B87EECFEF8FB02" bold="true" box="[151,287,1189,1212]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91EFFE8190B7EEFFDEDFB03" box="[292,522,1189,1211]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91EFFE8190B7EEFFDEDFB03" box="[292,522,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ventromma bellarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB91EFFE81A3F7EEFFD87FB03" box="[528,608,1190,1211]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91EFFE81A3F7EEFFD87FB03" bold="true" box="[528,608,1190,1211]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, Branched colony with gonothecae. B, monosiphonic section of branched stem. C hydrocladial internode with hydrotheca. D, monosiphonic branch with axillar nematotheca, hydrostatic pore and proximal branch internode. E, mature gonothecae on polysiphonic stem. F, female gonotheca with ova. G, large microbasic mastigophore. H, small microbasic mastigophore, undischarged. Scale bar: A, 25 mm, B, D, F, 0.5 mm, C, 0.2 mm, E, 1 mm, G, H, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91EFFE818EA7F0DFAC0FA54" blockId="22.[151,1437,1348,1913]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hydrotheca seated on distal third of internode but not reaching node, shallow cup-shaped, wider than deep, adcauline wall closely adpressed to but not fused to internode, abcauline wall extending in a smooth concave curve up from internode. Margin circular, transverse to hydrothecal axis, sloping obliquely back from internode, often a shallow indentation behind margin, no eversion of rim; a wide foramen connecting base of hydrotheca with internode. Hydranth large, with c. 16 long tentacles armed with large nematocysts, hypostome annular, wide.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91EFFE818E07FB1FA69F9C4" blockId="22.[151,1437,1348,1913]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hydrothecate internode with two identical small nematothecae, one median inferior about halfway to two thirds along internode, the other median superior, in front of hydrothecal margin, distal end just reaching node. Nematothecae bithalamic, scoop-shaped, basal chamber short, indistinct, adcauline side closely adpressed to internode, abcauline wall convex, margin open; cauline nematothecae of same shape and size as those on hydrocladia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91EFFE818EA7CC1FC5CF8ED" blockId="22.[151,1437,1348,1913]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Male and female gonothecae on different colonies, borne thickly on lower region of stems and branches, rare on upper monosiphonic regions, borne on a short, thick pedicel not well demarcated from body of gonotheca, point of insertion of pedicel often obscured by polysiphonic tubes of stem; gonothecae variable in shape, barrel-shaped to weakly conical, expanding from pedicel, walls faintly to distinctly rugose, perisarc thick, margin truncate, transverse, closed by a slightly depressed or domed operculum torn aside at release of contents; mature female gonophore packed with ova, surmounted by an aureole of large nematocysts.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91EFFE818EA7D29FD4BF8C1" blockId="22.[151,1437,1348,1913]" box="[197,684,1888,1913]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cnidome of two categories of nematocysts:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91EFFE818B87DE8FBEDF865" blockId="22.[151,1436,1953,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
i) large microbasic mastigophores, capsule ovoid,
<date id="D7763ED2B91EFFE81AC17DE8FCABF801" box="[750,844,1953,1977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1912-10-13">12–13 x</date>
6–7 µm, shaft 7–8 µm, finely spinous, tubule very long, distributed throughout coenosarc and gonophores; easily discharged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918B87ADEFEFCFF6C" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
ii) smaller?microbasic mastigophores, capsule elongate, 7–
<date id="D7763ED2B91FFFE91B7C7ADEFCB8FF17" box="[851,863,151,175]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">8</date>
x 3 µm, in tentacles of hydranth; difficult to discharge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918EA7B4DFCDFFEA4" blockId="23.[151,1437,260,897]" box="[197,824,260,284]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colour of colony buff to pale brown, gonophores white.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91FFFE918EA7B61FC9CFCE5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918EA7B61FD6AFDD8" blockId="23.[151,1437,260,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE918EA7B61FEDEFEF8" bold="true" box="[197,313,296,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
There is only one species of the
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91A887B6EFC9EFE87" box="[679,889,295,319]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Kirchenpaueriidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91BAC7B61FBD4FEF8" box="[899,1075,296,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Kirchenpaueria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91BAC7B61FBD4FEF8" box="[899,1075,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kirchenpaueria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91C7C7B60FB28FEF8" box="[1107,1231,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ventrom ma</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91CCD7B61FEF5FEDC" authority="Millard, 1958" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1958" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91CCD7B61FABDFEF8" box="[1250,1370,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">irregularis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91FFFE91D477B6EFEEDFEDC" author="Millard" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1958) Hydrozoa from the coasts of Natal and Portuguese East Africa, pt 1, Calyptoblastea. Annals of the South African Museum, 44 (5), 165 - 226." type="journal article" year="1958">Millard, 1958</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
a warm temperate to tropical species presently known from
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B91FFFE91B937B05FBC4FEDC" box="[956,1059,332,356]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91FFFE91C1E7B05FB2EFEDC" author="Watson" box="[1073,1225,332,356]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Watson, J. E. (1996) Distribution and biogeographic relationships of the hydroid fauna of the Australian west coast: a preliminary account. In S. Piraino, F. Boero, J. Bouillon, P. F. S. Cornelius &amp; J-M. Gili (eds), Advances in Hydrozoan Biology, Scientia Marina, 60, 75 - 83." type="journal article" year="1996">Watson 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91FFFE91CFB7B05FAE8FEDC" author="Watson" box="[1236,1295,332,356]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Watson, J. E. (1997) The hydroid fauna of the Houtman Albrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In Wells, F. E. (ed). The Marine Fauna of the Houtman Albrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 503 - 546." type="book chapter" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91FFFE91D357B05FAB0FEDC" author="Watson" box="[1306,1367,332,356]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Watson, J. E. (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91D457B04FE94FE30" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Ve n - tromma
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE918D67B39FE94FE30" box="[249,371,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis">bellarensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91A397B38FD49FE30" box="[534,686,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91A397B38FD49FE30" box="[534,686,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">V. irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its much taller, fascicled colonies (although these are often intermixed with unbranched stems) and the strictly regular segmentation of the hydrocladial internodes.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91D457BDCFE97FE68" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Ve n - tromma
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE918D97BF1FE97FE68" box="[246,368,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis">bellarensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
also resembles
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91A077BF0FC36FE77" authority="Alder, 1859" authorityName="Alder" authorityYear="1859" box="[552,977,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecioides">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91A077BF0FCC8FE68" box="[552,815,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ventromma halecioides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91FFFE91B6F7BFEFC2EFE77" author="Alder" box="[832,969,439,463]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Alder, J. (1859) Descriptions of three new species of sertularian zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (3), 3 (17), 353 - 356." type="journal article" year="1859">Alder, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in colony habit and general dimensions and shape of the gonotheca. That species however, has an athecate internode between each thecate hydrocladial internode compared with
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE919977848FDA9FDA0" box="[440,590,512,536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE919977848FDA9FDA0" box="[440,590,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">V. bellarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which all internodes are hydrothecate. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91CEB7848FABCFDA0" box="[1220,1371,512,536]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91CEB7848FABCFDA0" box="[1220,1371,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">V. bellarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short athecate internode separating the apophysis and the proximal thecate internode: this distinctive and constant character distinguishes it from
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE919DD7800FD6AFDD8" box="[498,653,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE919DD7800FD6EFDD8" box="[498,649,584,608]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="irregularis">V. irregularis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918EA7824FB51FD74" blockId="23.[151,1437,260,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
I have examined the
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B91FFFE9199F7824FE07FD3D" box="[432,480,621,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
microslide of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91AAB7825FC94FD3C" box="[644,883,620,644]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tripartita">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91AAB7825FC94FD3C" box="[644,883,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Plumularia tripartita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von Lendenfeld,
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91FFFE91C167825FB68FD3C" box="[1081,1167,620,644]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.785359999999999" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="1884.0">1884 in</quantity>
the collection of MuseumVictoria to ascertain whether the material is
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91AEA78D8FCA4FD10" box="[709,835,657,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91AEA78D8FCA4FD10" box="[709,835,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ventromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since Lendenfeld’s figure closely resembles a
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91D4578D8FF13FD74" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ve n - tromma.</emphasis>
The specimen was examined and identified by Bale (undated) as
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91BFB78FDFB48FD74" box="[980,1199,692,716]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="setacea">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91BFB78FDFB48FD74" box="[980,1199,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Plumularia setacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918EA7891FC9CFCE5" blockId="23.[151,1437,260,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
In the field,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE919797890FDBFFD48" box="[342,600,728,752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE919797890FDBFFD48" box="[342,600,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ventromma bellarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be mistaken for
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91B7F7891FB07FD57" authority="Bale, 1882" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1882" box="[848,1248,727,752]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="setaceoides">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91B7F7891FBBDFD48" box="[848,1114,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Plumularia setaceoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B91FFFE91C4B789EFB07FD57" author="Bale" box="[1124,1248,727,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Bale, W. M. (1882) On the Hydroida of south-eastern Australia, with descriptions of supposed new species, and notes on the genus Aglaophenia. Journal of the Microscopical Society of Victoria, 2, 3 - 36, pls 12 - 15." type="journal article" year="1882">Bale, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which grows in similar habitat, but the recurved, well separated hydrocladia and pale buff colour of the colonies of
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91D2A78B4FA7FFCAC" box="[1285,1432,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">V. b e l l a re n s i s</emphasis>
distinguishes it from the lacy white colonies of
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91A917968FC83FC80" box="[702,868,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91A917968FC87FC80" box="[702,864,800,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="setaceoides">P. setaceoides</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
When removed from water
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE91C827968FAA2FC80" box="[1197,1349,800,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bellarensis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE91C827968FAA2FC80" box="[1197,1349,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">V. bellarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exudes long sticky strands of mucous containing discharged nematocysts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91FFFE918EA7921FBBEFCC7" box="[197,1113,871,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918EA7921FBBEFCC7" blockId="23.[151,1437,260,897]" box="[197,1113,871,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE918EA7921FEACFC38" bold="true" box="[197,331,872,896]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named for the
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B91FFFE91AB67920FD2EFC39" box="[665,713,873,897]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
locality on the Bellarine Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="6EC42040CD63C069E7CD1F63B1983B5E">New species, new records and redescriptions of Thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from Southern Australia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2B61A904B91FFFE718B87F7EFC9BFD10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184765" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119425484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184765" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B61A904B91FFFE718B87F7EFC9BFD10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B61A904B91FFFE718B87F7EFC9BFD10" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91FFFE918B87F7EFEF8FACB" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918B87F7EFE3AFAE9" blockId="23.[151,477,1335,1395]" box="[151,477,1335,1361]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="F83FAF7EB91FFFE918B87F7EFE3AFAE9" bold="true" box="[151,477,1335,1361]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE918B87F7EFE3AFAE9" bold="true" box="[151,477,1335,1361]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B91FFFE918B87F7EFE9FFAE9" box="[151,376,1335,1361]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mytila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE918B87F7EFE9FFAE9" bold="true" box="[151,376,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sertularella mytila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB91FFFE919AF7F7EFE3AFAE9" box="[384,477,1335,1361]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918B87F13FEF8FACB" blockId="23.[151,477,1335,1395]" box="[151,287,1370,1395]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<figureCitation id="3BF30497B91FFFE918B87F13FF02FACA" box="[151,229,1370,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1133,1156]" captionTargetBox="[373,1259,205,1033]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[285,1314,193,1130]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 11. Sertularella mytila sp. nov. A, Erect fertile stem. B, stem internodes with hydrothecae. C, D, stolonal hydrothecae. E, female gonotheca. Scale bar: A, 1 mm, B – E, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203976/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A–E
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91FFFE918B87FEBFB3DF9BA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918B87FEBFB3DF9BA" blockId="23.[151,1437,1442,1970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE918B87FEBFE65FA03" bold="true" box="[151,386,1442,1467]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B91FFFE919A47FEBFE11FA02" box="[395,502,1442,1466]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B91FFFE91A2C7FEAFDA3FA02" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[515,580,1443,1466]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">NMV</collectionCode>
F171367, fertile colony, alcohol preserved; two microslides from
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B91FFFE91D157FEBFA7BFA02" box="[1338,1436,1442,1466]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
colony, colony, Clifton Springs jetty piles on mussels, depth 0.5 m, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B91FFFE91C767F8FFB3AFA66" box="[1113,1245,1478,1502]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2010-01-01">01/01/2010</date>
.
<typeStatus id="7C73A6B0B91FFFE91CC77F8EFAAAFA67" box="[1256,1357,1479,1503]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="C5D980D7B91FFFE91D747F8EFA7BFA66" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" box="[1371,1436,1479,1502]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">NMV</collectionCode>
F171368, microslide, Clifton Springs jetty piles on mussels, depth
<quantity id="6430B5F7B91FFFE91BAC7FA3FC57F9BA" box="[899,944,1514,1538]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
, coll: J. Watson,
<date id="D7763ED2B91FFFE91C407FA3FB3DF9BA" box="[1135,1242,1514,1538]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1923-06-01">23/01/06.</date>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B91FFFE718E87C47FB9CFEDC" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918E87C47FE6DF9D6" blockId="23.[151,1437,1442,1970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE918E87C47FEBFF99F" bold="true" box="[199,344,1550,1575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</emphasis>
Hydrorhiza reptant on substrate, stolons cylindrical, rugose; numerous single hydrothecae arising from stolon, interspersed with unbranched stems bearing 3–8 hydrothecae; exceptionally, some longer stems with up to 16 hydrothecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918EA7C33FEE0F962" blockId="23.[151,1437,1442,1970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Proximal stem region deeply corrugated with up to seven twists, stem internodes thereafter slender, variable in length, inclined or straight, internodes fairly smooth to corrugated, inflated behind hydrotheca, nodes oblique, often indistinct.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918EA7CAFFD23F80A" blockId="23.[151,1437,1442,1970]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hydrothecae biseriate, one on each internode, facing slightly forward, size and shape somewhat variable, barrel-shaped to almost cylindrical, widest in proximal third, tapering distally, floor concave with a distinct circular foramen, abcauline wall straight or curving slightly away from internode, with two to five ridges, adcauline wall convex above floor, convexity weakening distally, margin with four sharp equidistant cusps separated by shallow embayments, three large submarginal cusps, the largest below the adcauline marginal cusp, the other two below opposite marginal cusps; operculum of four flaps.</paragraph>
<caption id="F7B7489AB910FFE618B87E24FD1DFB1A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203976/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[373,1259,205,1033]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="A3771812B910FFE618B87E24FD1DFB1A" blockId="24.[151,1435,1133,1186]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B910FFE618B87E24FEF8FB3B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1133,1156]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B910FFE6190A7E27FE04FB3C" box="[293,483,1134,1156]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mytila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B910FFE6190A7E27FE04FB3C" box="[293,483,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sertularella mytila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8A8F797BB910FFE619C47E27FDDAFB3B" box="[491,573,1134,1155]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B910FFE619C47E27FDDAFB3B" bold="true" box="[491,573,1134,1155]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, Erect fertile stem. B, stem internodes with hydrothecae. C, D, stolonal hydrothecae. E, female gonotheca. Scale bar: A, 1 mm, B–E, 0.5mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F7B7489AB910FFE618B87EBAFD56FAB2" box="[151,689,1267,1290]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<paragraph id="A3771812B910FFE618B87EBAFD56FAB2" blockId="24.[151,966,1267,1917]" box="[151,689,1267,1290]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B910FFE618B87EBAFEF6FAB0" bold="true" box="[151,273,1267,1288]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B910FFE619387EBAFE33FAB1" box="[279,468,1267,1289]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mytila">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B910FFE619387EBAFE33FAB1" box="[279,468,1267,1289]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sertularella mytila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements, (µm)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A3771812B910FFE618B07F6DFEE1FADB" blockId="24.[151,966,1267,1917]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrorhiza, diameter 56–76 Internode</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B910FFE6188A7F3EFC47FA58" blockId="24.[151,966,1267,1917]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">length to floor of proximal hydrotheca 200–400 length succeeding internode(s) 320–544 diameter of annulated section 68–80</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B910FFE618B07FBAFEF2F9B1" blockId="24.[151,966,1267,1917]" box="[159,277,1523,1545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hydrotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B910FFE6188A7C55FC5DF960" blockId="24.[151,966,1267,1917]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">length, base to margin 320–376 length adnate adcauline wall 120–180 maximum diameter 168–192 diameter at margin 100–120 width at floor 136–152</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B910FFE618B07CA2FEEAF8B9" blockId="24.[151,966,1267,1917]" box="[159,269,1771,1793]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gonotheca</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B910FFE7188A7D5DFDB3FEA4" blockId="24.[151,966,1267,1917]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">length including pedicel 900–1040 maximum width 600–680 width at orifice 184–272 Gonotheca ovoid to almost barrel-shaped, widest in lower third to mid-section, inserted into internode on a smooth, short pedicel opposite a hydrotheca, wall of gonotheca with up to 10 broad ridges, distalmost ridge rounded into a low shoulder, orifice on a short cylindrical neck with four equidistant sharp terminal spines. Mature female gonophore containing large ova.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B911FFE718EA7B6EFD23FE87" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[197,708,295,319]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Perisarc of hydrorhiza and hydrocaulus thick.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3771812B911FFE718EA7B05FB9CFEDC" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,680]" box="[197,1147,332,357]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colour of younger colonies white, older colonies brown, gonophores creamy yellow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBD24B99B911FFE718EA7B39FE57FD3C" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A3771812B911FFE718EA7B39FB2EFDAF" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE718EA7B39FEDEFE30" bold="true" box="[197,313,368,392]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</emphasis>
There are no very small species of
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71AE27B39FCB5FE30" box="[717,850,368,392]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71AE27B39FCB5FE30" box="[717,850,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sertularella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with corrugated hydrothecae that match the present material. Species considered were:
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71A1B7BDDFC02FE14" authority="Coughtrey, 1876" authorityName="Coughtrey" authorityYear="1876" box="[564,997,404,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71A1B7BDDFCFEFE14" box="[564,793,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sertularella robusta</emphasis>
Coughtrey, 1876
</taxonomicName>
b,
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71C2B7BDDFED3FE77" authority="Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003" authorityName="Vervoort &amp; Watson" authorityYear="2003" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71C2B7BDDFAEAFE14" box="[1028,1293,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sertularella stolonifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C75965E3B911FFE71D367BDCFED3FE77" author="Vervoort" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Watson, J. E. (2003) Marine Fauna of New Zealand. Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids) NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE7195F7BF1FD90FE68" box="[368,631,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="microgona">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE7195F7BF1FD90FE68" box="[368,631,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sertularella microgona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(von Lendenfeld, 1884).
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71B8C7BF1FBF1FE68" box="[931,1046,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. robusta</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71C7B7BF1FB0CFE68" box="[1108,1259,440,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="microgona">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71C7B7BF1FB0CFE68" box="[1108,1259,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. microgona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(probably =
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71DA87BF1FF0CFE4C" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71DA87BF1FF0CFE4C" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are species of much larger dimensions commonly occurring in southern
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B911FFE71C127B95FB43FE4C" box="[1085,1188,476,500]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B911FFE71CF17B94FA9CFE4C" box="[1246,1403,476,500]" name="New Zealand" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71DA87B94FEF0FDA0" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71DA87B94FEF4FDA0" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stolonifera">S. stolonifera</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
presently known only from
<collectingCountry id="DBDF5882B911FFE71A7A7849FD09FDAF" box="[597,750,511,535]" name="New Zealand" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, also is considerably larger in dimensions.
</paragraph>
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This very small species preferentially colonises shells of mussels (
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71B9B786DFB29FD84" box="[948,1230,548,572]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="galloprovincialis">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71B9B786DFB29FD84" box="[948,1230,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mytilus galloprovincialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and and crustose bryozoans on mussel shells in shallow water on jetty pilings. Colonies are reproductive over the summer months (November to February).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE718EA78D9FEACFD10" bold="true" box="[197,331,656,680]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the mussel
<taxonomicName id="64C86391B911FFE71A7F78D9FD43FD10" box="[592,676,656,680]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91BCC400B911FFE71A7F78D9FD43FD10" box="[592,676,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mytilus</emphasis>
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on which it grows.
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51
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Genus
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<emphasis id="91BCC400B91FFFE918C17E50FE9AFB8B" bold="true" box="[238,381,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sertularella</emphasis>
Gray, 1848
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<paragraph id="A3771812B91FFFE918B87E16FC96FB5C" blockId="23.[151,1436,1119,1253]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colony erect branched or unbranched, monosiphonic or polysiphonic, hydrocaulus and hydrocladia when present, with two longitudinal rows of alternate, sessile hydrothecae, hydrothecal margin with four teeth, submarginal teeth present or absent, operculum pyramidal, composed of four triangular valves, hydranth with abcauline caecum, gonophores as solitary fixed sporosacs, acrocyst in some species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE75145A208CEE5AD4E89F035AB6B6F5">
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<collectingMunicipality id="A6952549D691348C495B78FEC6727AD1">Oshima</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="80A9ECC752C52EF3A7325F9991A580FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B61FD2E1F3B5E9BA26A9EDD174ECADA:80A9ECC752C52EF3A7325F9991A580FF" country="Japan" municipality="Oshima" name="Mori-machi Torisaki river" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Mori-machi Torisaki river</location>
(
<collectorName id="967D4A2F4B7237DAE96DFE7D3C50063C">T. Ito</collectorName>
) (
<collectionCode id="C4EE4CC58A0986816D090D844C41A631">DNUE</collectionCode>
_
<collectionCode id="D1476F2A6E7AE8A2E4DCC10D34A74968">IIEI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="B9C7D4255EE49B075735202B4A0F5534" collectedFrom="yellow pan trap" collectingDate="1996-09-01" collectingDateMax="1996-09-02" collectingDateMin="1996-09-01" collectingMethod="yellow pan trap" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="L. Masner" elevation="1100" location="Matsuida" specimenCode="CNC 5245940" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Gunma">
<specimenCount id="FD8D37161605FFB22BC55EBABD8F0A0C" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="60CB532554509E6DBECE732BEBDF49CB" value="1996-09-01" valueMax="1996-09-02" valueMin="1996-09-01">
<collectingDate id="A5E95FFB6E9E7E7B33F4736636D2A1B1" value="1996-09-01" valueMax="1996-09-02" valueMin="1996-09-01">1–2. ix. 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, Honshu,
<collectingRegion id="588B849B67B5E6BE6EA33E14D4F7A870" country="Japan" name="Gunma">Gunma</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="483549EB6AECFFFEC362E26D058DE1CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B61FD2E1F3B5E9BA26A9EDD174ECADA:483549EB6AECFFFEC362E26D058DE1CA" name="Matsuida" stateProvince="Gunma">Matsuida</location>
env.,
<quantity id="72DB3DE114685CF25CEEBE767C013E55" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="B570BF6FEFEE7A27018715CC857E3E0D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingMethod id="13B41411EC7D5AFC752252DBBB6C4826">yellow pan trap</collectingMethod>
, (
<collectorName id="E4A7AC0B450ED7E84C86D5D39BC745C1">L. Masner</collectorName>
)
<ext-link id="60413D71B069FDF4E758862B700BD222" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://www.cnc.agr.gc.ca/taxonomy/Specimen.php?id=3060354" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="D5C2B3CDA1548E9E725044BB66B78647">CNC 5245940</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
(
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ELKBG" xlink_title="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes">
<collectionCode id="399DA434ACD2CEA8589A5BBB2D6979C7" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" type="">CNC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="6D5A630CDD2D3C6B3ECE7CE49FA63BD8" collectingDate="1996-08-25" collectingMethod="yellow pan trap" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="L. Masner &amp; K. Yamagishi" elevation="750" location="Mt. Hayachine" specimenCode="CNC 5245938, CNC 5245939" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Iwate">
<specimenCount id="9B1C8814E0A59B034D77A18666EED54F" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="201CD148FDCD68903EB7BED5B0FAD6C5" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="9169E60367AD61D14C6973C5794964D5" value="1996-08-25">
<collectingDate id="A4AD4D16127DFDF3FB016B34BBB68BEC" value="1996-08-25">25. viii. 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, Honshu,
<collectingRegion id="6C9526D7EE084E8D8B335999F1399479" country="Japan" name="Iwate">Iwate</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="7C74DA67BDCB94042DA7F0CC536B3B7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B61FD2E1F3B5E9BA26A9EDD174ECADA:7C74DA67BDCB94042DA7F0CC536B3B7A" name="Mt. Hayachine" stateProvince="Iwate">Mt. Hayachine</location>
,
<quantity id="87CDDC9C23B6433B94123B61F7C9A0D2" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" unit="m" value="750.0">
<elevation id="9006030C37B662E3779C22A63FAA77E7" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingMethod id="49BCB2D8E1928FC5F03FEEEBB1A0CC8B">yellow pan trap</collectingMethod>
, (
<collectorName id="4903F33845A1536CD204A12A9DAE64B3">L. Masner</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="6FEA86672C66499C4070386170940EF1">K. Yamagishi</collectorName>
) (
<ext-link id="5E9765F0C37DDB1FD1C19FB0BDB2B8BA" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://v4.boldsystems.org/index.php/MAS_DataRetrieval_OpenSpecimen?selectedrecordid=22671508" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="68E4B0512B3E147DF7CD907A7C4A7018">CNC 5245938</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="E1FD22D0463402F53C47088592669C22" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://v4.boldsystems.org/index.php/MAS_DataRetrieval_OpenSpecimen?selectedrecordid=22671509" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="0CD53CEA4D4C3B6C0E55BB50CAAAA874">CNC 5245939</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
) (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E1KBG" xlink_title="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes">
<collectionCode id="12B8BF3944CD3529891D47BBCA572216" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" type="">CNC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6KBG" type="Molecular data">
<paragraph id="A02035EE2F75A17C276267DBA72EF895">
<heading id="D27CB78B72FB1553F9C7BE95F6938059" reason="title">Molecular data.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA2CFF58D8EBC8E055F7CAA3300F4C17">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGLBG" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I">
<emphasis id="825B12D87FC81A7DE2FEB7B8E1914733" italics="true">COI</emphasis>
</abbrev>
barcode sequences
<collectionCode id="39CC26EA26904E06229133FFC187A2AD">BOLD</collectionCode>
<ext-link id="E7F591DCB3F9F4C8450CADB06A8B2950" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://v4.boldsystems.org/index.php/MAS_DataRetrieval_OpenSequence?selectedrecordid=22671364" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="09BD84D26B74B6D69230E201F201930D" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" type="">CNC</collectionCode>
5245938
</ext-link>
(= AIB 449 A in Figs
<figureCitation id="10579C4A9E3A6223C47D07A94101A04D" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Neighbour-joining tree (NJ) of the successfully DNA barcoded specimens of Agriotypus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.119871.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1058540">9</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="7AA82420B0B3FE75084654FF18E12486" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Maximum Likelihood tree (ML) of the successfully DNA barcoded specimens of Agriotypus. The bootstrap support for nodes is displayed if higher than 75 %." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.119871.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1058541">10</figureCitation>
),
<collectionCode id="F3CFB62BFD7D3A4436769795C203DB6C">BOLD</collectionCode>
<ext-link id="2D58FCCB885BAAE57255930DC680DE7E" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://v4.boldsystems.org/index.php/MAS_DataRetrieval_OpenSequence?selectedrecordid=22671365" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="2D4453D1D6C42275B7FCD20D24A47DB2" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" type="">CNC</collectionCode>
5245939
</ext-link>
(= AIB 450 A in Figs
<figureCitation id="640DAEB0DB63E60BC1F4452A30F0D74F" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Neighbour-joining tree (NJ) of the successfully DNA barcoded specimens of Agriotypus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.119871.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1058540">9</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="88FE9794F1E27C0FB41F23C2493B7CAC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Maximum Likelihood tree (ML) of the successfully DNA barcoded specimens of Agriotypus. The bootstrap support for nodes is displayed if higher than 75 %." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.97.119871.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1058541">10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>