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<mods:title id="048AC042E4E2CBE634A56FFED19C5626">A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2B0316481821BFD396125FFFC5A4D850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6239657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100131964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6239657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B0316481821BFD396125FFFC5A4D850" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B0316481821BFD396125FFFC5A4D850" lastPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName id="6B42A1771B77626B82D577BFC176482D" ID-CoL="48QC5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33000" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus meinerti Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meinerti">meinerti Forel</taxonomicName>
1905.
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Alto
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,
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, Central, Cordillera,
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,
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, San Pedro (ALWC, BMNH, IFML, INBP, LACM, MHNG). Literature records: “Paraguay” (s. loc.) (Kempf 1972).
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Genus
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<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF5372F75EE032D8" bold="true" box="[234,404,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE0772F75DC932D8" author="Milne" box="[446,701,223,248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1853) Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodides. Suite (1). Deuxieme Tribu Principale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Comprenant la Zoologie, la Botanique, l'Anatomie et la Physiologie comparees des deux Regnes et l'Histoire des Corps Organises Fossiles, Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, Series 3, Zoology, 20, 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E73005D3F331E" ID-CoL="7PSC5" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,587,296,318]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E73005E58331E" box="[151,300,296,318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FED973005D3F331E" author="Milne" box="[352,587,296,318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1853) Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodides. Suite (1). Deuxieme Tribu Principale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Comprenant la Zoologie, la Botanique, l'Anatomie et la Physiologie comparees des deux Regnes et l'Histoire des Corps Organises Fossiles, Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, Series 3, Zoology, 20, 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
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species
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FD4B73005A6D331E" ID-CoL="4DFC3" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[754,1305,296,318]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD4B73005C8C331E" box="[754,1016,296,318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa tridentata</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FB9473005A6D331E" author="Milne" box="[1069,1305,296,318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1853) Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodides. Suite (1). Deuxieme Tribu Principale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Comprenant la Zoologie, la Botanique, l'Anatomie et la Physiologie comparees des deux Regnes et l'Histoire des Corps Organises Fossiles, Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, Series 3, Zoology, 20, 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FEDB736E5E8D337C" author="Rathbun" box="[354,505,326,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">Rathbun, 1905</bibRefCitation>
; gender feminine)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E734D5D25335B" authority="Roux, 1915" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,593,357,379]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mesotelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E734D5E58335B" box="[151,300,357,379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FE85734D5EBC335B" box="[316,456,357,379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Mesotelphusa</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE60734E5D25335B" author="Roux" box="[473,593,357,379]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Roux, J. (1915) Note sur les Potamonides de l'ile Celebes. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 23 (6), 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="1915">Roux, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
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species
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FD5F734D5B24335B" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[742,1104,357,379]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD5F734D5CC4335B" box="[742,944,357,379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Telphusa celebensis</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FC67734E5B24335B" author="Man" box="[990,1104,357,379]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Man, J. G. De (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, 2, 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1892">Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation; gender feminine)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E738A5E8333F7" blockId="1.[151,1436,296,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E738A5EB33398" authority="Bott, 1969" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,455,418,440]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Palawanthelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E738A5E273398" box="[151,339,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Palawanthelphusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FEE2738B5EB33398" author="Bott" box="[347,455,418,440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Bott, R. (1969) Flusskrabben aus Asien und ihre Klassifikation (Crustacea, Decapoda). Senckenbergiana biologica, 50 (5 - 6), 359 - 366." type="journal article" year="1969">Bott, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
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species
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FDE5738B5CA43398" box="[604,976,418,440]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FDE5738B5DC33398" box="[604,695,419,440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD7E738A5C283398" box="[711,860,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FCD5738A5CA43398" box="[876,976,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FC61738B5A543398" authority="De Man, 1902" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1902" box="[984,1312,418,440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="variety" variety="pulcherrima">
var.
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FBBC738A5BF63398" box="[1029,1154,418,440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">pulcherrima</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FB16738B5A543398" author="Man" box="[1199,1312,418,440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Man, J. G. De (1902) Die von Herrn Professor Kukenthal im indischen Archipel gesammelten Dekapoden und Stomatopoden. In: Kukenthal, W. (Ed.), Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise in den Molukken und Borneo, in Auftrage der Senckenberg. Naturforschenden Gesellschaft ausgefuhrt von Dr. Willy Kukenthal. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 25 (3), 467 - 929, pls. 19 - 27." type="journal article" year="1902">Man, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation; gender feminine)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF802314FF2E702C5D6C364C" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E702C5CDA3137" blockId="1.[151,1436,516,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E702C5E70303D" bold="true" box="[151,260,516,541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Remarks</emphasis>
. With the new species described here,
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FD75702C5BEF303D" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[716,1179,516,541]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD75702C5C05303D" box="[716,881,516,541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FC19702C5BEF303D" author="Milne" box="[928,1179,516,541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1853) Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodides. Suite (1). Deuxieme Tribu Principale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Comprenant la Zoologie, la Botanique, l'Anatomie et la Physiologie comparees des deux Regnes et l'Histoire des Corps Organises Fossiles, Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, Series 3, Zoology, 20, 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, currently contains 48 species from southern
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF802314FE2B700F5E8C3060" box="[402,504,551,576]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF802314FD39700F5D9D3060" box="[640,745,551,576]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF802314FD4D700F5C1C3060" box="[756,872,551,576]" name="Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra,
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF802314FC67700F5B593060" box="[990,1069,551,576]" name="Brunei" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Brunei</collectingCountry>
, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi and Palawan (updated from Ng
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FE5C70655D503045" box="[485,548,588,613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
2008) (
<tableCitation id="EE28DBCBFF802314FD3E70645D953044" box="[647,737,588,613]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,984,1007]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of Parathelphusa species." pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FCB970645B833045" authority="Roux, 1915" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1915" box="[768,1271,588,613]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mesotelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FCB970645CD13045" box="[768,933,588,613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FC0570645B2C3045" box="[956,1112,588,613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Mesotelphusa</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FBD770655B833045" author="Roux" box="[1134,1271,588,613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Roux, J. (1915) Note sur les Potamonides de l'ile Celebes. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 23 (6), 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="1915">Roux, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF802314FAB570645A4A3044" box="[1292,1342,588,612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E70475D6830A8" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,540,623,648]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E70475E0130A8" box="[151,373,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Telphusa celebensis</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE1A70585D6830A8" author="Man" box="[419,540,624,648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Man, J. G. De (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, 2, 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1892">Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FC9470475CA630A8" box="[813,978,623,648]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FC9470475CA630A8" box="[813,978,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the only difference is in the form of the anterolateral margin, which is not reliable as a generic character (see
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FC7570BC5BF8308D" author="Chia" box="[972,1164,660,685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Chia, O. K. S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2006) The freshwater crabs of Sulawesi, with descriptions of two new genera and four new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54 (2), 381 - 428." type="journal article" year="2006">Chia &amp; Ng 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FB2670BD5A6F308D" author="Bott" box="[1183,1307,660,685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Bott, R. (1969) Flusskrabben aus Asien und ihre Klassifikation (Crustacea, Decapoda). Senckenbergiana biologica, 50 (5 - 6), 359 - 366." type="journal article" year="1969">Bott (1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FA9F70BC5A2B308C" author="Bott" box="[1318,1375,660,684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338, figs. 1 - 8, pls. 1 - 58, map 1." type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
) also recognised
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FEA0709F5D1E30F0" authority="Bott, 1969" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1969" box="[281,618,695,720]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Palawanthelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FEA0709F5E9D30F0" box="[281,489,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Palawanthelphusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE4B70905D1E30F0" author="Bott" box="[498,618,695,720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Bott, R. (1969) Flusskrabben aus Asien und ihre Klassifikation (Crustacea, Decapoda). Senckenbergiana biologica, 50 (5 - 6), 359 - 366." type="journal article" year="1969">Bott, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF802314FDC270905DD930F0" box="[635,685,696,720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FCA970915BD830F0" box="[784,1196,695,720]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FCA970915C0130F0" box="[784,885,697,720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FC3E709F5B5830F0" box="[903,1068,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FB87709F5BD830F0" box="[1086,1196,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FB0F70905E6530D4" authority="De Man, 1902" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1902" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="variety" variety="pulcherrima">
var.
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FB51709F5A0630F0" box="[1256,1394,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">pulcherrima</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FF2E70F55E6530D4" author="Man" box="[151,273,732,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Man, J. G. De (1902) Die von Herrn Professor Kukenthal im indischen Archipel gesammelten Dekapoden und Stomatopoden. In: Kukenthal, W. (Ed.), Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise in den Molukken und Borneo, in Auftrage der Senckenberg. Naturforschenden Gesellschaft ausgefuhrt von Dr. Willy Kukenthal. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 25 (3), 467 - 929, pls. 19 - 27." type="journal article" year="1902">Man, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) but the only diagnostic character is the form of the G1, which has also shown not to be reliable (see Ng &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FF0D70D75E533138" author="Goh" box="[180,295,767,792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Goh, R. (1987) Cavernicolous freshwater crabs (Crustacea Decapoda, Brachyura) from Sabah, Borneo. Stygologia, 3 (4), 313 - 330, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1987">Goh 1987</bibRefCitation>
). It is also a subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FCBB70D75CD33138" box="[770,935,767,792]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FCBB70D75CD33138" box="[770,935,767,792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF7E710C5BC23188" blockId="1.[151,1436,516,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
A recent phylogeographic study of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FDEB710C5D83311D" box="[594,759,804,829]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FDEB710C5D83311D" box="[594,759,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FC98710C5C87311C" box="[801,1011,804,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Klaus, S., Selvandran, S., Goh, J. W., Wowor, D., Brandis, D., Koller, P., Schubart, C. D., Streit, B., Meier, R., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Yeo, D. C. J. (2013) Out of Borneo - Neogene diversification of Sundaic freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae: Parathelphusa). Journal of Biogeography, 40, 63 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02771. x" type="journal article">
Klaus
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FCD3710D5CD6311D" box="[874,930,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
showed that specimens of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FA9B710D5AE8311C" box="[1314,1436,805,828]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FA9B710D5AE8311C" box="[1314,1436,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF802314FF6D716F5E403140" box="[212,308,839,864]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
belonged to a distinct lineage. It also showed that the species diversity in Borneo is higher than what is known at present, with various un-named clades of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FCA471445CB631A5" box="[797,962,876,901]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FCA471445CB631A5" box="[797,962,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This agrees with unpublished data that indicate that there are at least half a dozen new species from Borneo still awaiting description.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7D5BEF8FF802314FF2E71F05D2131CF" box="[151,597,983,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E71F05D2131CF" blockId="1.[151,597,983,1007]" box="[151,597,983,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E71F05E7D31CF" bold="true" box="[151,265,984,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
List of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FEE471FF5E8E31CF" box="[349,506,983,1007]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FEE471FF5E8E31CF" box="[349,506,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E76315D25360F" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,593,1049,1071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E76315D25360F" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,593,1049,1071]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balabac">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E76315EF7360F" box="[151,387,1049,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa balabac</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E76105D7C366E" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,520,1080,1102]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E76105D7C366E" authority="Ng, 1992" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,520,1080,1102]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batamensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E76105ED0366E" box="[151,420,1080,1102]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa batamensis</emphasis>
Ng, 1992
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E767E5D6C364C" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,536,1110,1132]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E767E5D6C364C" authority="Ng, 1997" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,536,1110,1132]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baweanensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E767E5EC7364C" box="[151,435,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa baweanensis</emphasis>
Ng, 1997
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF802317FF2E765D5D55318C" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E765D5D6536AB" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,529,1141,1163]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E765D5D6536AB" ID-CoL="7643Y" authority="Bott, 1970" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,529,1141,1163]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bogorensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E765D5ED436AB" box="[151,416,1141,1163]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa bogorensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE1E765E5D6536AB" author="Bott" box="[423,529,1141,1163]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338, figs. 1 - 8, pls. 1 - 58, map 1." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E76BC5D03368A" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,631,1172,1194]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E76BC5D03368A" ID-CoL="75RRZ" authority="Freitag &amp; Yeo, 2004" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,631,1172,1194]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cabayugan">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E76BC5ED5368A" box="[151,417,1172,1194]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa cabayugan</emphasis>
Freitag &amp; Yeo, 2004
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E769A5CE036C7" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E769A5D3736E8" ID-CoL="75S3Z" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,579,1202,1224]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celebensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E769A5EEE36E8" box="[151,410,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa celebensis</emphasis>
(De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE74769B5D4836E8" author="Man" box="[461,572,1202,1224]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Man, J. G. De (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, 2, 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1892">Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FDEB769A5DC836E8" ID-CoL="757a7bc7-349c-4cf0-9f2e-40d345193489" box="[594,700,1202,1224]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FDEB769A5DC836E8" box="[594,700,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Thelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] =
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF6276FA5D3336C7" box="[219,583,1233,1255]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celebense" subGenus="Potamonautes">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF6276FA5E4236C7" box="[219,310,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FEFC76FA5EA236C7" box="[325,470,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamonautes</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FE5C76F95D3336C7" box="[485,583,1233,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">celebense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FDF776FA5CE036C7" authority="Schenkel, 1902" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1902" box="[590,916,1233,1255]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="variety" variety="immaculata">
var.
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FDC076F95D8536C7" box="[633,753,1233,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">immaculata</emphasis>
Schenkel, 1902
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E76D85D713726" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,517,1264,1286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E76D85D713726" ID-CoL="934Y5" authority="Ng, 1993" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,517,1264,1286]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceophallus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E76D85ED43726" box="[151,416,1264,1286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa ceophallus</emphasis>
Ng, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E77265D693704" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,541,1294,1317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E77265D693704" ID-CoL="6TS2B" authority="De Man, 1879" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,541,1294,1317]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E77265EF13705" box="[151,389,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa convexa</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE1677275D693704" author="Man" box="[431,541,1294,1316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Man, J. G. De (1879) On some new or imperfectly known Podophthalmous Crustacea of the Leyden Museum. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 1 (2), 53 - 73." type="journal article" year="1879">Man, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF7E77065D3B37A0" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
=
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF6277055D313763" ID-CoL="a038b882-ff0f-468a-920e-2ae353fcabc3" authority="Herklots, 1861" authorityName="Herklots" authorityYear="1861" box="[219,581,1325,1347]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convexus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF6277055EDC3763" box="[219,424,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Thelphusa convexus</emphasis>
Herklots, 1861
</taxonomicName>
(nomen nudum) =?
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF5E77645D1A3742" ID-CoL="4BNCJ" authority="Targioni Tozzetti, 1872" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1872" box="[231,622,1356,1378]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oziidae" genus="Ozius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF5E77645E083742" box="[231,380,1356,1378]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Ozius frontalis</emphasis>
Targioni Tozzetti, 1872
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF6277425D3B37A0" ID-CoL="75S2B" authority="Heller, 1862" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1862" box="[219,591,1386,1408]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF6277425EBE37A0" box="[219,458,1386,1408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa dentipes</emphasis>
Heller, 1862
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E77A15C3037BF" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,836,1417,1439]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E77A15D5D37BF" ID-CoL="75RQB" authority="Schenkel, 1902" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,553,1417,1439]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crocea">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E77A15E0237BF" box="[151,374,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa crocea</emphasis>
(Schenkel, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FD8177A25C4837BF" ID-CoL="7PTXN" authority="(Potamonautes)" baseAuthorityName="Potamonautes" box="[568,828,1417,1439]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD8177A25DE737BF" box="[568,659,1418,1439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD1B77A25C4737BF" box="[674,819,1418,1439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamonautes</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E77805D26379E" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,594,1448,1470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E77805D26379E" ID-CoL="7642B" authority="Chia &amp; Ng, 2006" authorityName="Chia &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,594,1448,1470]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E77805EE9379E" box="[151,413,1448,1470]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa ferruginea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE1A77805D26379E" author="Chia" box="[419,594,1448,1470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Chia, O. K. S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2006) The freshwater crabs of Sulawesi, with descriptions of two new genera and four new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54 (2), 381 - 428." type="journal article" year="2006">Chia &amp; Ng, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E77EE5DED37FC" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,665,1478,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E77EE5D5237FC" ID-CoL="6TS2C" authority="Roux, 1904" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,550,1478,1500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linduensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E77EE5EED37FC" box="[151,409,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa linduensis</emphasis>
(Roux, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FD8C77E05DE537FD" ID-CoL="7PTXN" box="[565,657,1480,1501]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD8C77E05DE537FD" box="[565,657,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E77CD5DDF37DB" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,683,1509,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E77CD5D4D37DB" ID-CoL="75RQC" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,569,1509,1531]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lokaensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E77CD5EE437DB" box="[151,400,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa lokaensis</emphasis>
(De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE7A77CE5D4637DB" author="Man" box="[451,562,1509,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Man, J. G. De (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, 2, 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1892">Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FDF177CD5DD737DB" ID-CoL="92NZ8" box="[584,675,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FDF177CD5DD737DB" box="[584,675,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Telphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E742C5D55343A" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,545,1540,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E742C5D55343A" ID-CoL="75S2C" authority="Bott, 1970" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,545,1540,1562]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lombokensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E742C5EDB343A" box="[151,431,1540,1562]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa lombokensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE0F742D5D55343A" author="Bott" box="[438,545,1540,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338, figs. 1 - 8, pls. 1 - 58, map 1." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E740A5D5C3418" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,552,1570,1592]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E740A5D5C3418" ID-CoL="763QC" authority="De Man, 1879" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,552,1570,1592]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E740A5EE43418" box="[151,400,1570,1592]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa maculata</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE02740B5D5C3418" author="Man" box="[443,552,1570,1592]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Man, J. G. De (1879) On some new or imperfectly known Podophthalmous Crustacea of the Leyden Museum. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 1 (2), 53 - 73." type="journal article" year="1879">Man, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF7E746A5D8A3456" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
=
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF62746A5D2B3477" box="[219,607,1601,1623]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentatum" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF62746A5E423477" box="[219,310,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FEFC74695EAE3477" box="[325,474,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FE5074695D2B3477" box="[489,607,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">tridentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FDDF746A5CEA3477" authority="Lanchester, 1900" authorityName="Lanchester" authorityYear="1900" box="[614,926,1601,1623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="variety" variety="incertum">
var.
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD28746A5D9F3477" box="[657,747,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">incertum</emphasis>
Lanchester, 1900
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF6274485EA03456" ID-CoL="763QC" box="[219,468,1632,1654]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF6274485EA03456" box="[219,468,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FE6274495D8A3456" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[475,766,1632,1654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="variety" variety="lanchesteri">
var.
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FDBE74485D033456" box="[519,631,1632,1654]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">lanchesteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FDC774485D8A3456" author="Nobili" box="[638,766,1632,1654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E74565C1234B4" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,870,1662,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E74565D3334B4" ID-CoL="7642C" authority="Rathbun, 1902" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,583,1662,1684]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maindroni">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E74565EEE34B4" box="[151,410,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa maindroni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE1174565D3434B4" author="Rathbun" box="[424,576,1662,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1902) Description des nouvelles especes de Parathelphusa appartenant au Museum de Paris. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, 8 (3), 184 - 187." type="journal article" year="1902">Rathbun, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FDEF74A85C2B34B4" ID-CoL="7PTXN" authority="(Parathelphusa)" baseAuthorityName="Parathelphusa" box="[598,863,1662,1685]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FDEF74A85DC534B5" box="[598,689,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FD7974565C2134B4" box="[704,853,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E74B55D003493" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,628,1693,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E74B55D003493" ID-CoL="6TRQD" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1992" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,628,1693,1715]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaysiana">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E74B55ED33493" box="[151,423,1693,1715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa malaysiana</emphasis>
Ng &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE5574B55D003493" author="Takeda" box="[492,628,1693,1715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Takeda, M. (1992) On some freshwater crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura, Potamidae, Parathelphusidae and Grapsidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, 18 (3), 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1992">Takeda, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E74945D1234F2" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,614,1724,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E74945D1234F2" ID-CoL="6TS2D" authority="Freitag &amp; Yeo, 2004" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,614,1724,1746]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E74945EE434F2" box="[151,400,1724,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa manguao</emphasis>
Freitag &amp; Yeo, 2004
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E74F25D2134D0" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,597,1754,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E74F25D2134D0" ID-CoL="75RQD" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,597,1754,1776]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mindoro">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E74F25EF334D0" box="[151,391,1754,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa mindoro</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E74D15D59352F" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,557,1785,1807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E74D15D59352F" ID-CoL="75S2D" authority="Nobili, 1903" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,557,1785,1807]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modiglianii">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E74D15ED3352F" box="[151,423,1785,1807]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa modiglianii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE1474D15D59352F" author="Nobili" box="[429,557,1785,1807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Nobili, G. (1903) Descrizione di una nuova specie di Parathelphusa delle Isole Mentawai. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 18 (444), 1 - 4, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1903">Nobili, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E75305E8D350E" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,505,1816,1838]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E75305E8D350E" ID-CoL="934Y6" authority="Ng, 1988" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,505,1816,1838]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nagasakti">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E75305EE0350E" box="[151,404,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa nagasakti</emphasis>
Ng, 1988
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E751E5D47356C" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,563,1846,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E751E5D47356C" ID-CoL="4DFB3" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,563,1846,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E751E5E10356D" box="[151,356,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa nana</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E757D5EA6354B" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,466,1877,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E757D5EA6354B" ID-CoL="934Y7" authority="Ng, 1986" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,466,1877,1899]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E757D5E19354B" box="[151,365,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa nitida</emphasis>
Ng, 1986
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E755C5EBF35A9" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,459,1908,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E755C5E0035AA" ID-CoL="934Y8" box="[151,372,1908,1930]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E755C5E0035AA" box="[151,372,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FEC2755C5EBF35A9" bold="true" box="[379,459,1908,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF802314FEC2755C5EBF35A9" box="[379,459,1908,1929]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E75BA5DB83588" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,716,1938,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E75BA5E833588" ID-CoL="4DFB6" authority="Bott, 1969" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,503,1938,1960]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E75BA5E013588" box="[151,373,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa obtusa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE3A75BA5E853588" author="Bott" box="[387,497,1938,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Bott, R. (1969) Flusskrabben aus Asien und ihre Klassifikation (Crustacea, Decapoda). Senckenbergiana biologica, 50 (5 - 6), 359 - 366." type="journal article" year="1969">Bott, 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FDBF75BA5DB63588" box="[518,706,1938,1960]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Palawanthelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FDBF75BA5DB63588" box="[518,706,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Palawanthelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E75995EBA35E7" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,462,1969,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E75995EBA35E7" ID-CoL="934Y9" authority="Ng, 1995" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,462,1969,1991]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovum">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E75995E1D35E7" box="[151,361,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa ovum</emphasis>
Ng, 1995
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF802314FF2E75F85D7A35C6" blockId="1.[151,926,1049,2022]" box="[151,526,2000,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF802314FF2E75F85D7A35C6" ID-CoL="4DFB8" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,526,2000,2022]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF802314FF2E75F85EFC35C6" box="[151,392,2000,2022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Parathelphusa oxygona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF802314FE3775F85D7A35C6" author="Nobili" box="[398,526,2000,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E72B05C66328E" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,786,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E72B05D4A328E" ID-CoL="4DFB9" authority="Bott, 1969" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,574,152,174]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E72B05EC8328E" box="[151,444,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa palawanensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE7072B05D43328E" author="Bott" box="[457,567,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Bott, R. (1969) Flusskrabben aus Asien und ihre Klassifikation (Crustacea, Decapoda). Senckenbergiana biologica, 50 (5 - 6), 359 - 366." type="journal article" year="1969">Bott, 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FDF472B05C7D328E" box="[589,777,152,174]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Palawanthelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FDF472B05C7D328E" box="[589,777,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Palawanthelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E729E5CFF32CB" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E729E5D5932EC" ID-CoL="763QD" authority="Schenkel, 1902" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,557,182,204]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E729E5E0E32EC" box="[151,378,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa pallida</emphasis>
(Schenkel, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FD8572905C3532EC" ID-CoL="7PTXN" authority="(Potamonautes)" baseAuthorityName="Potamonautes" box="[572,833,182,205]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD8572905DEC32ED" box="[572,664,184,205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD1F72905C4332ED" box="[678,823,184,205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamonautes</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
] =
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF5B72FE5D2032CB" box="[226,596,213,235]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celebensis" subGenus="Potamonautes">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF5B72FE5E4A32CB" box="[226,318,214,235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FEF572FE5EA932CB" box="[332,477,214,235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamonautes</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE5572FD5D2032CB" box="[492,596,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">celebensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FDE372FE5CFF32CB" authority="Schenkel, 1902" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1902" box="[602,907,213,235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" variety="annulipes">
var.
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD3C72FD5D9C32CB" box="[645,744,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">annulipes</emphasis>
Schenkel, 1902
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E72DC5C00332A" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,884,244,266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E72DC5D20332A" ID-CoL="4DFBB" authority="Schenkel, 1902" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,596,244,266]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E72DC5ED5332A" box="[151,417,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa pantherina</emphasis>
(Schenkel, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FDDA72DD5C18332A" ID-CoL="7PTXN" authority="(Parathelphusa)" baseAuthorityName="Parathelphusa" box="[611,876,244,266]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FDDA72DD5DCB332A" box="[611,703,245,266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD7472DC5C16332A" box="[717,866,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E733A5DBB3308" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,719,274,296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E733A5D293308" ID-CoL="4DFBD" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,605,274,296]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pareparensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E733A5EC03308" box="[151,436,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa pareparensis</emphasis>
(De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE5E733B5D223308" author="Man" box="[487,598,274,296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Man, J. G. De (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, 2, 265 - 527, pls. 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1892">Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FDD5733A5DB33308" ID-CoL="92NZ8" box="[620,711,274,296]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FDD5733A5DB33308" box="[620,711,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Telphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E73195D363367" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,578,305,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E73195D363367" ID-CoL="7642D" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,578,305,327]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parma">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E73195E003367" box="[151,372,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa parma</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E73785C333346" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,839,336,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E73785D583346" ID-CoL="4DFBG" authority="Roux, 1904" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,556,336,358]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="possoensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E73785EEA3346" box="[151,414,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa possoensis</emphasis>
(Roux, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FD8273795C4A3346" ID-CoL="7PTXN" authority="(Potamonautes)" baseAuthorityName="Potamonautes" box="[571,830,336,358]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD8273795DE23346" box="[571,662,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD1D73795C413346" box="[676,821,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamonautes</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E73465C0333A4" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,887,366,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E73465D2C33A4" ID-CoL="4DFBH" authority="De Man, 1902" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,600,366,388]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E73465EDB33A4" box="[151,431,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa pulcherrima</emphasis>
(De
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE5B73475D2533A4" author="Man" box="[482,593,366,388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Man, J. G. De (1902) Die von Herrn Professor Kukenthal im indischen Archipel gesammelten Dekapoden und Stomatopoden. In: Kukenthal, W. (Ed.), Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise in den Molukken und Borneo, in Auftrage der Senckenberg. Naturforschenden Gesellschaft ausgefuhrt von Dr. Willy Kukenthal. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 25 (3), 467 - 929, pls. 19 - 27." type="journal article" year="1902">Man, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FDDE73585C1B33A4" ID-CoL="7PTXN" authority="(Parathelphusa)" baseAuthorityName="Parathelphusa" box="[615,879,366,389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FDDE73585DB633A5" box="[615,706,368,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD6873465C1233A4" box="[721,870,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E73A55E873383" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,499,397,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E73A55E873383" ID-CoL="934YB" authority="Ng, 1997" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,499,397,419]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E73A55EFB3383" box="[151,399,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa quadrata</emphasis>
Ng, 1997
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E73845D4B33E2" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,575,428,450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E73845D4B33E2" ID-CoL="4DFBL" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,575,428,450]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasilis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E73845E0533E2" box="[151,369,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa rasilis</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E73E25E8C33C0" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,504,458,480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E73E25E8C33C0" ID-CoL="934YC" authority="Ng, 1990" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,504,458,480]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E73E25EE033C0" box="[151,404,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa reticulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE2373E35E8C33C0" author="Ng" box="[410,504,458,480]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1990 c) The Freshwater Crabs and Prawns of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, pp. 189 - 204." type="book chapter" year="1990">Ng, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E73C15EAC33DF" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,472,489,511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E73C15EAC33DF" ID-CoL="934YD" authority="Ng, 1986" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,472,489,511]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabari">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E73C15E0733DF" box="[151,371,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa sabari</emphasis>
Ng, 1986
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E70205D23303E" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,599,520,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E70205D23303E" ID-CoL="4DFBP" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,599,520,542]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saginata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E70205EFD303E" box="[151,393,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa saginata</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E700E5CF5301C" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,897,550,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E700E5D11301C" ID-CoL="4DFBR" authority="Schenkel, 1902" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,613,550,573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasinorum">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E700E5EC6301D" box="[151,434,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa sarasinorum</emphasis>
(Schenkel, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FDCD70005C0D301C" ID-CoL="7PTXN" authority="(Potamonautes)" baseAuthorityName="Potamonautes" box="[628,889,550,573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FDCD70005DBB301D" box="[628,719,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD6770005C1B301D" box="[734,879,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamonautes</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E706D5D6B307B" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,543,581,603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E706D5D6B307B" ID-CoL="934YF" authority="Ng, 1986" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,543,581,603]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawakensis">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E706D5ECE307B" box="[151,442,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa sarawakensis</emphasis>
Ng, 1986
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E704C5D66305A" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,530,612,634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E704C5D66305A" ID-CoL="4DFBT" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,530,612,634]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shelfordi">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E704C5EFF305A" box="[151,395,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa shelfordi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE2B704C5D66305A" author="Nobili" box="[402,530,612,634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E70AA5D5830B8" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,556,642,664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E70AA5D5830B8" ID-CoL="4DFBV" authority="Chia &amp; Ng, 2006" authorityName="Chia &amp; Ng" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,556,642,664]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sorella">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E70AA5E0330B8" box="[151,375,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa sorella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FEC470AA5D5830B8" author="Chia" box="[381,556,642,664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Chia, O. K. S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2006) The freshwater crabs of Sulawesi, with descriptions of two new genera and four new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54 (2), 381 - 428." type="journal article" year="2006">Chia &amp; Ng, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E70895C213097" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,853,673,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E70895D4E3097" ID-CoL="4DFBY" authority="Schenkel, 1902" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,570,673,695]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuipes">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E70895EF23097" box="[151,390,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa tenuipes</emphasis>
(Schenkel, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FDF1708A5C393097" ID-CoL="7PTXN" authority="(Potamonautes)" baseAuthorityName="Potamonautes" box="[584,845,673,695]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FDF1708A5DD73097" box="[584,675,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD0A708A5C303097" box="[691,836,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Potamonautes</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E70E85D7B30F6" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,527,704,726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E70E85D7B30F6" ID-CoL="934YG" authority="Chia &amp; Ng, 1998" authorityName="Chia &amp; Ng" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,527,704,726]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tera">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E70E85E2F30F6" box="[151,347,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa tera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FED870E85D7B30F6" author="Chia" box="[353,527,704,726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Chia, O. K. S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (1998) On three new species of Parathelphusa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae) from Borneo. Hydrobiologia, 377, 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1998">Chia &amp; Ng, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E70F65D6C30D4" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,536,734,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E70F65D6C30D4" ID-CoL="934YH" authority="Chia &amp; Ng, 1998" authorityName="Chia &amp; Ng" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,536,734,757]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torta">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E70F65E1730D5" box="[151,355,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa torta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FED070F65D6C30D4" author="Chia" box="[361,536,734,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Chia, O. K. S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (1998) On three new species of Parathelphusa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae) from Borneo. Hydrobiologia, 377, 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1998">Chia &amp; Ng, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E70D55DAF314F" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E70D55DE23133" ID-CoL="4DFC3" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1853" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,662,765,787]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E70D55EE23133" box="[151,406,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa tridentata</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE0270D55DE23133" author="Milne" box="[443,662,765,787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1853) Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodides. Suite (1). Deuxieme Tribu Principale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Comprenant la Zoologie, la Botanique, l'Anatomie et la Physiologie comparees des deux Regnes et l'Histoire des Corps Organises Fossiles, Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, Series 3, Zoology, 20, 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[Direction 36] =
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF5B71345D723112" authority="Weber, 1795" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1795" box="[226,518,796,818]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Alpheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridens">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF5B71345EF43112" box="[226,384,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Alpheus tridens</emphasis>
Weber, 1795
</taxonomicName>
(as
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FD8971345D053112" box="[560,625,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">3 dens</emphasis>
) (nomen nudum) =
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF5B71135DED3170" authority="De Haan, 1835" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1835" box="[226,665,826,848]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cancridae" genus="Cancer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridens" subGenus="Thelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF5B71135E593170" box="[226,301,827,848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Cancer</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE8271125ED13170" box="[315,421,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Thelphusa</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FE0A71125E8D3170" box="[435,505,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">tridens</emphasis>
De Haan, 1835
</taxonomicName>
(pre-occupied name and nomen nudum) =
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF6271715D47314F" ID-CoL="258c8b4a-36ad-4fa6-b4df-d0186b89bcfd" authority="Herklots, 1861" authorityName="Herklots" authorityYear="1861" box="[219,563,857,879]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triodon">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF6271715EE2314F" box="[219,406,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Thelphusa triodon</emphasis>
Herklots, 1861
</taxonomicName>
(nomen nudum)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E71505D3531AE" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,577,888,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E71505D3531AE" ID-CoL="934YJ" authority="Chia &amp; Ng, 1998" authorityName="Chia &amp; Ng" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,577,888,910]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E71505EF831AE" box="[151,396,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa undulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE2A71505D3531AE" author="Chia" box="[403,577,888,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Chia, O. K. S. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (1998) On three new species of Parathelphusa (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae) from Borneo. Hydrobiologia, 377, 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1998">Chia &amp; Ng, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF832317FF2E71BE5D55318C" blockId="2.[151,1076,152,940]" box="[151,545,918,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF832317FF2E71BE5D55318C" ID-CoL="4DFC5" authority="Ng &amp; Goh, 1987" authorityName="Ng &amp; Goh" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,545,918,940]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF832317FF2E71BE5E05318C" box="[151,369,918,940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Parathelphusa valida</emphasis>
Ng &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF832317FE0E71BE5D55318C" author="Goh" box="[439,545,918,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Goh, R. (1987) Cavernicolous freshwater crabs (Crustacea Decapoda, Brachyura) from Sabah, Borneo. Stygologia, 3 (4), 313 - 330, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1987">Goh, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF2E714F5EE631A0" bold="true" box="[151,402,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Parathelphusa nobilii</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8B231FFF2E71A45DF53184" blockId="10.[151,641,871,933]" box="[151,641,908,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
(
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFF2671A45F9D3184" box="[159,233,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B, C, 2B, D, F, 3B, D, F, H, J, 4F–J)
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<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFF2E71FC5E8F31CA" box="[151,507,980,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata" subGenus="Paratelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF2E71FC5F8631CA" box="[151,242,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Telphusa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFEB971FC5EFC31CA" box="[256,392,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Paratelphusa</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFE2E71FC5E8F31CA" box="[407,507,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—von
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF8B231FFDF871FD5D8731CA" author="Martens" box="[577,755,980,1002]" page="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" year="1868">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFDF871FD5DA431CA" author="Martens" box="[577,720,980,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Martens, E. von (1868) Ueber einige ostasiatische Susswasserthiere. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 34 (1), 1 - 64, pl. I." type="journal article" year="1868">Martens 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 19
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(part) (not
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<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFCDE71FC5B1231CA" box="[871,1126,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Parathelphusa tridentata</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFB3571FC5A1E31CA" author="Milne" box="[1164,1386,980,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1853) Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodides. Suite (1). Deuxieme Tribu Principale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Comprenant la Zoologie, la Botanique, l'Anatomie et la Physiologie comparees des deux Regnes et l'Histoire des Corps Organises Fossiles, Librairie de Victor Masson, Paris, Series 3, Zoology, 20, 163 - 228, pls. 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFF2E71DA5EFD3628" box="[151,393,1010,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF2E71DA5EFD3628" box="[151,393,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Paratelphusa tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF8B231FFE1A71DA5DEE3628" author="Wood-Mason" box="[419,666,1010,1032]" page="121" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" year="1876">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFE1A71DA5D1C3628" author="Wood-Mason" box="[419,616,1010,1032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Wood-Mason, J. (1876) A Conspectus of the Species of Parathelphusa, an Indo-Malayan Genus of Freshwater Crabs. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 17 (98), 120 - 122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608681916" type="journal article" year="1876">Wood-Mason 1876</bibRefCitation>
: 121
</treatmentCitation>
, 122 (part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8B231FFF2E763A5B6E3666" blockId="10.[151,1398,980,1094]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83BAC95EFF8B231FFF2E763A5B6E3666" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFF2E763A5D703607" box="[151,516,1041,1063]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Potamon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygonus" subGenus="Parathelphusa">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF2E763A5F863607" box="[151,242,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFEB876395EE23607" box="[257,406,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFE1C763A5D703607" box="[421,516,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">oxygonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF8B231FFDA776395DAB3607" author="Rathbun" box="[542,735,1041,1063]" page="239" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFDA776395DC43607" author="Rathbun" box="[542,688,1041,1063]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">Rathbun 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 239
</treatmentCitation>
(part) (not
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFCED76395A473607" ID-CoL="4DFB8" authority="Nobili, 1901" authorityName="Nobili" authorityYear="1901" box="[852,1331,1041,1063]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculata" subSpecies="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFCED76395BDD3607" box="[852,1193,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Parathelphusa maculata oxygona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFB0976395A473607" author="Nobili" box="[1200,1331,1041,1063]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8B231FFF2E76185EFC3666" ID-CoL="4DFB8" box="[151,392,1072,1094]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF2E76185EFC3666" box="[151,392,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Parathelphusa oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Ng &amp;
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF8B231FFE5876185D0C3666" author="Goh" box="[481,632,1072,1094]" page="317" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFE5876185D3D3666" author="Goh" box="[481,585,1072,1094]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Goh, R. (1987) Cavernicolous freshwater crabs (Crustacea Decapoda, Brachyura) from Sabah, Borneo. Stygologia, 3 (4), 313 - 330, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1987">Goh 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 317
</treatmentCitation>
(part).—
<treatmentCitation id="220BC861FF8B231FFD6C76185CA13666" author="Ng" box="[725,981,1072,1094]" page="315" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8B231FFD6C76185CD13666" author="Ng" box="[725,933,1072,1094]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng &amp; Grinang 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 315
</treatmentCitation>
(part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF8B231FFF2E765A5A4136F3" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8B231FFF2E765A5A4136F3" blockId="10.[151,1437,1138,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF2E765A5EF036AB" bold="true" box="[151,388,1138,1163]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Material examined</emphasis>
. Holotype—
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF8B231FFD9F765A5D0236AB" box="[550,630,1138,1163]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(38.5×
<quantity id="64524395FF8B231FFD69765A5C3636AB" box="[720,834,1138,1163]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="29.2">29.2 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF8B231FFCDA765B5CEF36AB" box="[867,923,1139,1163]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">ZRC</collectionCode>
1989.3751), Sungai Nyuing-Sanggauledo- Sinkawang, Sambas District, Kalimantan,
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF8B231FFDC876BE5D95368F" box="[625,737,1174,1199]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, coll. F. Sabar &amp; D. Hardjono,
<date id="D714C8B0FF8B231FFB8376BE5A7D368F" box="[1082,1289,1174,1199]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" value="1981-09-06">6 September 1981</date>
. Paratypes—
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF8B231FFF2E76935F8C36F3" box="[151,248,1210,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(40.5×
<quantity id="64524395FF8B231FFEF176925EDB36F3" box="[328,431,1210,1235]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="30.3">30.3 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF8B231FFE7D76935E8836F3" box="[452,508,1211,1235]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">ZRC</collectionCode>
1989.3752),
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF8B231FFD2B76935D9F36F3" box="[658,747,1210,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B5AC25F9FF8B231FFD4F76935C1636F3" box="[758,866,1210,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="C5BB76B5FF8B231FFCC876935CDB36F3" box="[881,943,1211,1235]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">MZB</collectionCode>
Cru 1247), same data as
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF8B231FFB7276925A4536F3" box="[1227,1329,1210,1235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF8B231FFF7E76F65D1637EF" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8B231FFF7E76F65D1637EF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1138,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF7E76F65E4E36D7" bold="true" box="[199,314,1246,1271]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Carapace with branchial surfaces distinctly convex, appearing inflated from lateral view (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFA8C76F65AFA36D7" box="[1333,1422,1246,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, C, E" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, C, E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, lateral views of carapaces; C, D, frontal views of carapaces; E, F, right dorsal views of carapaces." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285709/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); external orbital tooth very broad, external margin slightly sinuous to almost straight, not separated into 2 parts (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFF26770E5F9E371F" box="[159,234,1318,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B, C, 2F); postorbital cristae long, lateral parts ending abruptly just before base of first epibranchial tooth (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFF2677625F9E3743" box="[159,234,1354,1379]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B, C, 2F); second epibranchial tooth separated from posterolateral margin gradually (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFB1377625B9E3743" box="[1194,1258,1354,1379]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B, C); merus of ambulatory leg with distinct subdistal dorsal spine (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFD5877465C5937A7" box="[737,813,1390,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B, C, 3D); lateral margins of male abdominal somite 6 distinctly convex (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFED077BA5EDF378B" box="[361,427,1426,1451]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3 – 6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1 – 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H), male telson relatively long (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFCAE77BA5C2E378B" box="[791,858,1426,1451]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3 – 6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1 – 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H); G1 relatively slender, structure almost straight; proximal outer margin entire (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8B231FFE51779E5D5F37EF" box="[488,555,1462,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
F–I).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF8B231EFF7E77F25E8C36C8" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8B231EFF7E77F25B1532F4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1138,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8B231FFF7E77F25ECE37D3" bold="true" box="[199,442,1498,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Description of male</emphasis>
. Carapace hexagonal; transversely wider than long; dorsal carapace surface smooth; regions poorly demarcated; cervical groove broad, shallow; median H-shaped gastro-cardiac depression distinct. Frontal margin broad, not demarcated from supraorbital margin by notch or tooth, distinctly cristate, appearing sinuous from dorsal and frontal views; frontal median triangle distinct, very broad. Postfrontal cristae sharp, almost straight, separated from each other medially by narrow Y-shaped fissure; postorbital cristae long, sharp, gently sinuous, almost contiguous with postfrontal cristae, cristae ending somewhat abruptly just before reaching beginning of base of first epibranchial tooth. Branchial regions distinctly convex; appears gently inflated from lateral view. Orbits large, ovate; eyes well developed with prominent pigmented cornea, completely filling orbit. Supraorbital margin concave, entire; confluent with frontal margin; suborbital margin concave, entire. Pterygostomian region covered with scattered low granules; suborbital and subhepatic regions with low striae and granules. External orbital tooth very broadly triangular, external margin slightly sinuous but not separating tooth into 2 parts; inner angle acutely triangular, sharp, extending to level of frontal margin; outer part low, separated from first epibranchial tooth by broadly V-shaped notch; first epibranchial tooth sharp, triangular, directed anteriorly; second epibranchial tooth sharp, acutely triangular, directed obliquely outwards; separated from posterolateral margin gradually. Posterolateral margin gently sinuous, without visible crista, lateral surfaces with strong striae; posterolateral margin converging towards gently convex posterior carapace margin. Posterior margin of epistome sinuous; median tooth triangular with rounded tip, lateral margins convex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E72F75DBB3345" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Third maxilliped elongate, completely covering buccal cavity when closed; merus subquadrate, slightly wider than long, median part depressed, anterolateral margin subauriculiform, prominently rounded; ischium rectangular, with deep submedian oblique sulcus; exopod relatively stout, reaching to median part of merus, with distinct subterminal tooth on inner margin, flagellum long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E73475D0B30A5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Chelipeds subequal in adult males; merus relatively short; with distinct subdistal spine; carpus ovate, outer surface distinctly rugose, with prominent, elongate spine on inner distal angle, inner margin gently serrated; chelae enlarged, outer surface smooth to gently rugose; fingers not pigmented black, gently curved, longer than palm, cutting edges with small and large rounded teeth and denticles. Ambulatory legs relatively short, stout; second leg longest; merus subrectangular, margins cristate, dorsal margin with sharp subdistal spine; carpus with cristate dorsal margin, unarmed; propodus with dorsal margin cristate, ventral margin gently serrated; outer surface with shallow submedian longitudinal depression; dactylus gently curved with corneous tip, quadrate in cross-section, margins with 4 rows of strong sharp spines.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E70A75A743135" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Thoracic sternum evenly pitted, otherwise smooth; sternites 1, 2 completely fused, relatively narrow longitudinally; separated from sternite 3 by deep strongly concave suture (towards buccal cavity); sternites 3, 4 completely fused; sternoabdominal cavity reaching to imaginary line jointing anterior edges of coxae of chelipeds. Tubercle of press-button male abdominal locking mechanism rounded, on anterior edge of sternite 5.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E71375B153185" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Abdomen distinctly T-shaped; telson triangular, much longer than broad, lateral margins gently convex, tip rounded; somite 6 subrectangular, almost twice as long as broad, lateral margins convex; somites 3–5 trapezoidal; lateral margins of somites 4, 5 deeply concave; lateral margins of somite 3 very broad, gently convex; somites 1, 2 longitudinally narrow, wide, reaching to bases of coxae of last pair of ambulatory legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E71985B623615" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">G1 relatively slender, terminal and subterminal segments not differentiated; entire structure almost straight, distal part straight, not curved; outer margin almost straight, entire, without indentation on proximal part; outer margin of subdistal margin with long setae; tip tapering to tip, opening distinct, laterally positioned. G2 much longer than G1; distal segment elongate, three-quarters length of basal segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E76175CB136E5" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFF7E76175E6A3678" bold="true" box="[199,286,1087,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Female</emphasis>
. Chelae slender, not enlarged or inflated. Abdomen strongly ovate, covering almost entire surface of thoracic sternum; all somites and telson free; telson broadly triangular with gently convex lateral margins. Vulvae relatively large, posterior part with domed structure, anterior part with soft, semilunate operculum; on submedian part of thoracic sternite 6, slightly closer to suture between sternites 5, 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E76E75E8C36C8" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,504,1231,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFF7E76E75E1136C8" bold="true" box="[199,357,1231,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Colour in life</emphasis>
. Not known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF8A231EFF7E76DC5DE63710" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E76DC5DE63710" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFF7E76DC5E32372D" bold="true" box="[199,326,1268,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species is named after Giuseppe Nobili of Turin, who made many valuable contributions to the carcinology of Borneo in the early 1900s.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB0BDFBFF8A2319FF7E77145B6E3088" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E77145C563428" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFF7E77145E403775" bold="true" box="[199,308,1340,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Remarks</emphasis>
. Von
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFEC277155D5F3775" author="Martens" box="[379,555,1340,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Martens, E. von (1868) Ueber einige ostasiatische Susswasserthiere. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 34 (1), 1 - 64, pl. I." type="journal article" year="1868">Martens (1868)</bibRefCitation>
identified specimens from Sinkawang, Borneo, as
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFBC377155A723775" box="[1146,1286,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFBC377155A723775" box="[1146,1286,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which were later referred to
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFEF677495EBF3758" box="[335,459,1377,1400]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFEF677495EBF3758" box="[335,459,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFE4F77775DE03758" author="Nobili" box="[502,660,1375,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Nobili, G. (1901) Note intorno ad una collezione Crostacei di Sarawak (Borneo). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Regia, Universita di Torino, 16 (397), 1 - 14, figs. A, B." type="journal article" year="1901">Nobili (1901)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFD1977775C253758" author="Rathbun" box="[672,849,1375,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">Rathbun (1905)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFC3377495BFE3758" author="Ng" box="[906,1162,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng &amp; Grinangr (2004)</bibRefCitation>
also referred specimens they had from Sinkawang to
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFE6577AD5D2337BC" box="[476,599,1413,1436]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFE6577AD5D2337BC" box="[476,599,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFD2777AD5CBF37BC" author="Ng" box="[670,971,1412,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Grinang, J. (2004) Decapod crustaceans with descriptions of three new species. In: Yong, H. S., Ng, F. S. P. &amp; Yen, E. E. L. (Eds.), Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Journal, 59 (new series), Special Issue number 6, 299 - 325." type="journal article" year="2004">Ng &amp; Grinang (2004: 317)</bibRefCitation>
commenting that observed differences in the external orbital angle and gonopods may perhaps be explained by variation. A detailed re-examination of all the specimens on hand, especially the good series of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFD5A77E55C1637C4" box="[739,866,1485,1508]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFD5A77E55C1637C4" box="[739,866,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, indicates that the Sinkawang material should be regarded as a distinct species,
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFDE477D95DB53428" box="[605,705,1519,1544]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFDE477D95DB53428" box="[605,705,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFD7177C75C563428" bold="true" box="[712,802,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8A231EFD7177C75C563428" box="[712,802,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E743C5E443525" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
Although von
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFED3743D5D6C340D" author="Martens" box="[362,536,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Martens, E. von (1868) Ueber einige ostasiatische Susswasserthiere. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 34 (1), 1 - 64, pl. I." type="journal article" year="1868">Martens (1868)</bibRefCitation>
did not describe the armature of the meri of the ambulatory legs,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFABD743C5F973470" author="Wood-Mason" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Wood-Mason, J. (1876) A Conspectus of the Species of Parathelphusa, an Indo-Malayan Genus of Freshwater Crabs. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 17 (98), 120 - 122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608681916" type="journal article" year="1876">Wood-Mason (1876)</bibRefCitation>
, who examined some of his specimens, observed that the merus has a sharp subterminal spine.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFA84741F5E683454" author="Rathbun" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">Rathbun (1905: 239)</bibRefCitation>
identified a male specimen 36.0×
<quantity id="64524395FF8A231EFD2774745C713454" box="[670,773,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="27.4">27.4 mm</quantity>
from Sinkawang in the Paris Museum as
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFB5C74755A153454" box="[1253,1377,1629,1652]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFB5C74755A153454" box="[1253,1377,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The branchial regions of her Sinkawang specimen appear to be slightly swollen with the external orbital tooth broad and the posterior part not distinctly dentiform (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFD0D748C5C85349D" author="Rathbun" box="[692,1009,1700,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">Rathbun 1905: pl. 11 fig. 6</bibRefCitation>
); and the lateral margins of the male abdominal somite 6 are convex (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFDB474EF5C3A34C0" author="Rathbun" box="[525,846,1735,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905" yearSuffix="a">Rathbun 1905: text fig. 57a</bibRefCitation>
); agreeing very well with the
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF8A231EFB1E74E15B9634C1" box="[1191,1250,1737,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFAB274E15A0534C0" box="[1291,1393,1735,1760]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFAB274E15A0534C0" box="[1291,1393,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFAC374EF5FBC3525" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8A231EFAC374EF5FBC3525" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
on hand.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8A231EFF7E75385AE835FD" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
As noted above, the present specimens from Sinkawang are distinctive in having the external orbital angle lower and wider (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8A231EFED8751C5ED9356C" box="[353,429,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B, C, 2F) and the G1 much straighter than those of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFBBB751D5B0A356C" box="[1026,1150,1845,1868]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFBBB751D5B0A356C" box="[1026,1150,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the outer margins being straight (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8A231EFF47757F5E303550" box="[254,324,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
F, G). The form of the external orbital angle does vary slightly, with the posterior part slightly angular in some specimens (e.g., see
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8A231EFDE475545DD635B4" box="[605,674,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B9381FF8A231EFD7475545C0135B5" author="Rathbun" box="[717,885,1916,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Series 4, 7, 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">Rathbun 1905</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 11 fig. 6), and in this respect, somewhat resembling that of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFED575895E9C3598" box="[364,488,1953,1976]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFED575895E9C3598" box="[364,488,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the external orbital tooth of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFC1375895B7B3599" box="[938,1039,1952,1977]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFC1375895B7B3599" box="[938,1039,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFBAE75885B063599" bold="true" box="[1047,1138,1952,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8A231EFBAE75885B063599" box="[1047,1138,1952,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is always relatively wider and lower compared to
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFE1E75ED5D5735FC" box="[423,547,1989,2012]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFE1E75ED5D5735FC" box="[423,547,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8A231EFD8D75EC5DF435FC" box="[564,640,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B, C, 2F versus
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8A231EFC8675EC5CFD35FC" box="[831,905,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[266,1321,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Overall dorsal views. A, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan; C, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., paratype female (40.5 × 30.3 mm) (ZRC 1989.3752), Sinkawang, Kalimantan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285708/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 2E). The branchial regions of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8A231EFAB275ED5A0535FD" box="[1291,1393,1988,2013]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFAB275ED5A0535FD" box="[1291,1393,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8A231EFAC375EC5AE835FD" box="[1402,1436,1988,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8A231EFAC375EC5AE835FD" bold="true" box="[1402,1436,1988,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8D2319FF2E72BF5D34301D" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FF2E72BF5FBC3290" bold="true" box="[151,200,151,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">nov.</emphasis>
are always comparatively more convex (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FD0972BF5C613290" box="[688,789,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, C, E" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, C, E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, lateral views of carapaces; C, D, frontal views of carapaces; E, F, right dorsal views of carapaces." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285709/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
) than those of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FC7672B15B3A3290" box="[975,1102,153,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FC7672B15B3A3290" box="[975,1102,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FBDB72BF5BBF3290" box="[1122,1227,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A, C, E" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1377]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A, C, E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, lateral views of carapaces; C, D, frontal views of carapaces; E, F, right dorsal views of carapaces." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285709/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
), especially when viewed laterally, giving it a more inflated appearance. The male abdomen of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FBBD72955B1E32F5" box="[1028,1130,188,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FBBD72955B1E32F5" box="[1028,1130,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FBCB72945BB932F5" bold="true" box="[1138,1229,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8D2319FBCB72945BB932F5" box="[1138,1229,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is relatively more slender than of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FEF172C95EB732D8" box="[328,451,225,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FEF172C95EB732D8" box="[328,451,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mainly because the lateral margins of somite 6 are distinctly convex (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FB5172F75A5E32D8" box="[1256,1322,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3 – 6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1 – 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H) (rather than gently convex in
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FE34732D5D73333C" box="[397,519,261,284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FE34732D5D73333C" box="[397,519,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FDAC732C5D21333C" box="[533,597,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3 – 6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1 – 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G), and the telson is proportionately longer (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FBFD732C5BF1333C" box="[1092,1157,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3 – 6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1 – 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H) (rather than relatively shorter in
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FEB573015EFD3360" box="[268,393,297,320]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FEB573015EFD3360" box="[268,393,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FE20730F5EA83360" box="[409,476,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1734,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1713]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A, C, E, G, I, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; B, D, F, H, J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, B, left third maxillipeds; C, D, left fourth ambulatory legs; E, right major chela; F, left major chela; G, H, anterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 3 – 6 and telsons; I, J, posterior thoracic sternums and male abdominal somites 1 – 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285710/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G). The structure of the G1 is perhaps the most effective way of separating the two species, being consistently straighter and the proximal outer margins entire in
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FBB273655B043345" box="[1035,1136,332,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FBB273655B043345" box="[1035,1136,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FBC173645BA63345" bold="true" box="[1144,1234,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8D2319FBC173645BA63345" box="[1144,1234,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FB5A73645A523344" box="[1251,1318,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
F–I) while in
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FF0C73595E4533A8" box="[181,305,369,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FF0C73595E4533A8" box="[181,305,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the G1 is gently curved distally and the proximal outer margin is indented (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FB2473475A5233A8" box="[1181,1318,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Figs. 4A–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FA8B73475A3633A8" box="[1330,1346,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. G 1 s" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[252,1323,204,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[236,1339,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. G 1 s, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901. A – D, male (31.4 × 24.8 mm) (ZRC 1989.2248), Gunung Serapi, Sarawak; E – H male (32.2 × 24.9 mm), Sadong, Sarawak; I, J, male (42.0 × 33.4 mm) (SM Cru 1986.6), Bidi, Sarawak; K, L, male (34.0 × 30.0 mm) (SM Cru 1986.115), Sarawak. A, ventral view of left G 1; B, dorsal view of left G 1; C, ventral view of distal part of left G 1; D, dorsal view of distal part of left G 1; E, I, K, dorsal views of right G 1 s; F, J, L, ventral views of right G 1 s; G, dorsal view of distal part of right G 1; H, ventral view of distal part of right G 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285712/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">5</figureCitation>
). These differences cannot be explained by the known variation for
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FCFC73BD5CB6338C" box="[837,962,405,428]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FCFC73BD5CB6338C" box="[837,962,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for which we have an excellent series of specimens. The G1 structures of the
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF8D2319FD9473905DF933F0" box="[557,653,440,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
males of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FD4073915C2933F0" box="[761,861,439,464]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FD4073915C2933F0" box="[761,861,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FCDA739F5CC833F0" bold="true" box="[867,956,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8D2319FCDA739F5CC833F0" box="[867,956,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are not as straight as those of the
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF8D2319FA8A739F5AEC33F0" box="[1331,1432,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, being very slightly curved but still less so that those of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FD4573F55C0133D4" box="[764,885,477,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FD4573F55C0133D4" box="[764,885,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most significantly, the proximal outer margin of the G1 of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FEB770295E013038" box="[270,373,511,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FEB770295E013038" box="[270,373,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FEC773D75EAE3038" bold="true" box="[382,474,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8D2319FEC773D75EAE3038" box="[382,474,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
does not have the distinct cleft (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FCEC73D75CED3038" box="[853,921,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
F, G) which is present in
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FB7970295A493038" box="[1216,1341,513,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FB7970295A493038" box="[1216,1341,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, even if sometimes it is small (
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FE2B700C5D62301C" box="[402,534,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – E" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[168,1363,177,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,173,1359]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – E, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901, male (36.6 × 28.0 mm) (ZRC 1992.10546), Serian, Sarawak; F – J, Parathelphusa nobilii sp. nov., holotype male (38.5 × 29.2 mm) (ZRC 1989.3751), Sinkawang, Kalimantan. A, F, ventral views of left G 1 s; B, G, dorsal views of left G 1 s; C, H, ventral views of distal parts of left G 1 s; D, I, dorsal views of distal parts of left G 1 s; E, J, left G 2 s. Scales: A, B, E, F, G, J = 1.0 mm; C, D, H, I = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285711/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Figs. 4A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3B91F2F5FF8D2319FD9B700C5D46301D" box="[546,562,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. G 1 s" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[252,1323,204,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[236,1339,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. G 1 s, Parathelphusa oxygona Nobili, 1901. A – D, male (31.4 × 24.8 mm) (ZRC 1989.2248), Gunung Serapi, Sarawak; E – H male (32.2 × 24.9 mm), Sadong, Sarawak; I, J, male (42.0 × 33.4 mm) (SM Cru 1986.6), Bidi, Sarawak; K, L, male (34.0 × 30.0 mm) (SM Cru 1986.115), Sarawak. A, ventral view of left G 1; B, dorsal view of left G 1; C, ventral view of distal part of left G 1; D, dorsal view of distal part of left G 1; E, I, K, dorsal views of right G 1 s; F, J, L, ventral views of right G 1 s; G, dorsal view of distal part of right G 1; H, ventral view of distal part of right G 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285712/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A315EE70FF8D2319FF7E706F5B6E3088" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
Sinkawang, the
<typeStatus id="7C1150D2FF8D2319FE3070605ECD3040" box="[393,441,584,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FDF770615DCE3040" box="[590,698,583,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FDF770615DCE3040" box="[590,698,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FD71706F5C5D3040" bold="true" box="[712,809,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED8F19FF8D2319FD71706F5C5D3040" box="[712,809,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is some
<quantity id="64524395FF8D2319FC1870605C893040" box="[929,1021,583,608]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" unit="km" value="130.0">130 km</quantity>
southwest of the Lundu area, the westernmost locality in
<collectingCountry id="DBBDAEE0FF8D2319FE1670445D7B30A5" box="[431,527,620,645]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
where
<taxonomicName id="64AA95F3FF8D2319FDD070455D9C30A4" box="[617,744,621,644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="91DE3262FF8D2319FDD070455D9C30A4" box="[617,744,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present. The area between these localities is covered by several mountain ranges that could easily have isolated the two lowland species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

137
data/2B/03/74/2B03744628E2BD5FAFC4DE90DD589602.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Taxon classification Animalia Diptera Mycetophilidae</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/7A0180A6-F306-4E8D-B566-89853152F6AA" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla monticola" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Cordyla monticola</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="89">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-2, 3-7, 8-9, 38
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
Holotype. ♂, COLOMBIA,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
/ SFF Iguaque El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Níspero">Nispero</normalizedToken>
/
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.633333">05°38'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.51667">73°31'W</geoCoordinate>
2730 m / Malaise 2 07-21.xii.2001 / P. Reina Leg. M. 2585 [IAvH]. Paratype. 1♂, same as holotype [MZUSP].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Male (Fig. 1). Total length 4.1-4.6, 4.4 [4.6] mm (n=2).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
Figures 1-2.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla monticola" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Cordyla monticola</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 1 male habitus 2 head with antennae and maxillary palpi, closer view. Scale bars: 1 mm (1) and 0.2 mm (2).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Head (Fig. 2) dark yellow, mouthparts pale. Two ocelli encircled by brown areas, close to compound eyes. All three visible palpal segments (Fig. 2) setose, swollen antepenultimate segment dark brown, succeeding segments pale. 4th segment slightly widening apically, 5th segment apically tapering. Swollen palpal segment 1.6 times as long as broad medially from lateral view, and 1.1-1.3, 1.2 [1.1] times as long as height of compound eye. Ratios of three apical palpomeres 1.0: 0.9: 0.9. Antenna yellow with 2+13 segments. Scape and pedicel with brown setae, flagellum with somewhat paler setosity. Scape elongate cup-shaped, 1.7-2.2, 2.0 [2.2] times as long as wide apically. Pedicel cup-shaped, 0.9 times as long as wide apically. Flagellomeres rectangular, about twice as wide as long. Apical flagellomere conical, about 1.6 times as long as wide basally. Thorax yellow, mesonotum medially, laterotergite and mediotergite somewhat darker. Hind margin of laterotergite narrowly brown. Anterior part of mesepimeron with a dark brown patch leaving anteroapical margin yellow. Haltere with pale knob, and basally pale and apically yellow stem. All setosity on thorax brown. Scutum entirely covered with decumbent setae, scutellum with setae including two pairs of marginal bristles, laterals shorter than internals. Antepronotum with setae including 6-8 [8] bristles, proepisternum with setae including 6-8 [8] bristles. Anepisternum with 2-4 [4] bristles at hind margin and with ca. 50 setae on its upper two thirds. Mesepimeron and katepisternum bare. Laterotergite with 5-6 [6] bristles and ca. 20 setae on upper half. Mediotergite bare. Metepisternum with 5-7 [7] bristles and ca. 10 setae. Wing with yellowish tinge, cell R1 somewhat darker. Length 3.1 [3.1] mm (n=2). Ratio of length to width 2.5-2.6, 2.6 [2.6]. All veins light brown. Radial veins seem darker because of setae on both surfaces; other veins bare. Crossvein r-m apically disjunct. M1+2 3.5-3.7, 3.6 [3.7] times as long as r-m. M2 not reaching wing margin, broken 0.4-0.8, 0.6 [0.4] times of M1+2 length before it. Posterior fork begins clearly before anterior fork, at the middle of M1+2. Legs yellow, hind femora infuscated at apical fourth. Tarsi seem darker because of dense brown setae. Hind coxa with 4 [4] posterolateral bristles basally, with 0-2 [2] posterior bristles apically, and with ca. 30 weaker setae along posterolateral margin. Ratio of femur to tibia for fore-, mid- and hind legs: 1.5; 1.1; 1.0. Ratio tibia to first tarsomere for fore-, mid- and hind legs: 1.0; 1.2; 1.4. Fore-tibia with a spur about 0.5 of fore basitarsus; mid-tibia with anterior spur about 0.3-0.4, 0.4 [0.3] and with posterior spur about 0.6-0.7, 0.7 [0.6] of mid basitarsus; hind tibia with anterior spur about 0.5-0.6, 0.6 [0.5] and with posterior spur about 0.6-0.7, 0.7 [0.6] of hind basitarsus. Abdomen with first segment dorsally and laterally light brown and ventrally yellow. 2-4 segments dorsally brown with anterior and posterior margins yellowish, and laterally and ventrally yellowish; succeeding segments brownish. Terminalia (Figs 3-9) with gonocoxite basally yellow and apically brownish; gonostylus brownish; sternite 8 seems brownish because of dense setosity. Basal two thirds of sternite 8 cylindrical, apical third tapering, apex truncated. Basal third of sternite 8 membranous and bare, apical setae stronger than other setae. Gonocoxite slightly oblong, with broad ventral incision more than half of gonocoxite height. Ventral incision of gonocoxite with apically pointed basal projection about one third height of incision. Ventral medial margin of gonocoxite angular. Dorsal medial margin of gonocoxite simple. Cerci setose, clearly separated, basally wide, well tapering apically and protruding over gonocoxite. Basal half of gonocoxite bare, apical half with strong bristles. Dorsal branch of gonostylus rectangular, apically rounded, with a medially situated sclerotized comb of about half height of branch on its ventral surface. Apical setae somewhat stronger, deviating from other setosity of the branch. Dorsal branch of gonostylus with an indistinct basal tubercle on its ventral surface, close to base of medial branch. Ventral branch of gonostylus bare, subequal to dorsal branch, with serrated lateral margin and medially drawn out to a distinct lobe. The apical third of ventral branch is well tapering in ventral view. Medial branch of gonostylus divided at apical two thirds into two subequal lobes: ventral lobe rectangular, apically truncated, bearing 9-10 setae on its ventral part; dorsal lobe beak-shaped with two setae subapically on its ventral margin. Epiproct rounded with small setulae that arise in lines of 4 to 8 from small ridges. Hypoproct bowl-shaped with well-outlined lateral shoulders.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
Figures 3-7.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla monticola" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Cordyla monticola</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male terminalia. 3 ventral view 4 lateral view 5 dorsal view 6 sternite VIII, ventral view 7 hypoproct, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (3, 4, 5, 6) and 0.05 mm (7). Abbreviations: cerc = cercus; epi = epiproct; gc = gonocoxite; gst d = dorsal branch of gonostylus; gst v = ventral branch of gonostylus; hyp = hypoproct; st VIII = sternite VIII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
Figures 8-9.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla monticola" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Cordyla monticola</taxonomicName>
sp. n., gonostylus. 8 internal view 9 lobes of medial branch of gonostylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (8) and 0.05 (9). Abbreviations: gst d = dorsal branch of gonostylus; gst m = medial branch of gonostylus; gst v = ventral branch of gonostylus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">The species is named to indicate its occurrence at high altitude (2730 m a.s.l.): Latin monticola means &quot;mountain dweller&quot;. The specific epithet is noun in apposition.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
The paratype has seemingly 14 flagellar segments at one side, caused by an aberrantly divided apical one. This, as well as partial fusion of some flagellar segments unilaterally, is common and frequently observed in the Palaearctic specimens of the genus (OK pers. obs.). According to the structure of male terminalia, especially in
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="90" start="start">having</pageBreakToken>
the medial branch of the gonostylus divided into two subequal lobes, the species belongs to the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla murina" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murina">Cordyla murina</taxonomicName>
species-group as defined by
<bibRefCitation author="Kurina, O" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="106" pagination="231 - 235" title="On the identification of Palaearctic species in the genus Cordyla Meigen (Diptera, Mycetophilidae); preliminary results." volume="48" year="2001">Kurina (2001)</bibRefCitation>
. Within the group,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla monticola" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Cordyla monticola</taxonomicName>
sp. n. shares a 13-segmented flagellum and brown to dark brown swollen antepenultimate palpal segment with two Palaearctic (viz.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla semiflava" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiflava">Cordyla semiflava</taxonomicName>
Staeger, 1840 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla borealisa" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealisa">Cordyla borealisa</taxonomicName>
Wu in Wu &amp; Zheng, 2000) and three Nearctic (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla manca" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manca">Cordyla manca</taxonomicName>
Johannsen, 1912,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla scita" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scita">Cordyla scita</taxonomicName>
Johannsen, 1912 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla gracilis" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Cordyla gracilis</taxonomicName>
Fisher, 1938) species.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla semiflava" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiflava">Cordyla semiflava</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla borealisa" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealisa">Cordyla borealisa</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla manca" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manca">Cordyla manca</taxonomicName>
have the sternite VIII subapically remarkably
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="91" start="start">constricted</pageBreakToken>
, while it is smoothly tapering in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Cordyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordyla monticola" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Cordyla monticola</taxonomicName>
sp. n. The shape of the lobes of medial branch of the gonostylus and the hypoproct are different from those in all species of the group.
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Genus
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New combination —
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FIG. 2. Resulting MrBayes tree from Bayesian analysis of the Cyt-
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Rakotoarivelo
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are highlighted. Samples sequenced as part of this study, including a re-sequenced sample of
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FMNH
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192857 from Pemba, are highlighted in bold. See Table 1 for definitions of acronyms. Where sampling sites are known for Malagasy samples, the site is given followed by the code MG to indicate Madagascar
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FIG. 3. Time tree resulting from MCMCTREE analysis in PAML using the MrBayes topology shown in Fig. 1. The analysis was constrained using two calibrations, one applied to the root and a fossil calibration applied to the split between
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(see Materials and Methods for details). Numbers at nodes are divergence time estimates in millions of years. 95% confidence intervals for each node are denoted by grey bars. See Table 1 for definitions of acronyms
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</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFD92E39FF65FF7CFDD58562" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF65FF7CFDD58562" blockId="9.[151,764,178,338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Also including the following species
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FD30FF7CFD9184DD" authority="(E. Geoffroy, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FD30FF7CFF6A84DD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. commersonii</emphasis>
(E.
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FE9BFF1DFE6884DD" author="GEOFFROY SAINT- HILAIRE, E." box="[319,508,211,237]" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="254 - 266" part="20" refId="ref12686" refString="GEOFFROY SAINT- HILAIRE, E. 1813. Sur un genre de chauvesouris sous le nom de Rhinolophes. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 20: 254 - 266." title="Sur un genre de chauvesouris sous le nom de Rhinolophes" type="journal article" year="1813">Geoffroy, 1813</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FDBDFF1DFD6884DD" box="[537,764,211,237]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FDBDFF1DFD6884DD" box="[537,764,211,237]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FF3BFF3BFEA98500" author="GOODMAN, S. M. &amp; M. C. SCHOEMAN &amp; A. R. RAKOTOARIVELO &amp; S. WILLOWS- MUNRO" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="428 - 449" part="177" refId="ref12792" refString="GOODMAN, S. M., M. C. SCHOEMAN, A. R. RAKOTOARIVELO, and S. WILLOWS- MUNRO. 2016. How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177: 428 - 449." title="How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?" type="journal article" year="2016">Goodman, Schoeman, Rakotoarivelo &amp; Willows-Munro, 2016</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FEFDFED8FE5C8500" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[345,456,278,304]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FEFDFED8FE5C8500" box="[345,456,278,304]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FE7AFED8FF488562" authority="(Bocage, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Bocage" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomensis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FE7AFED8FD178500" box="[478,643,278,304]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. thomensis</emphasis>
(Bocage, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FEB2FEF6FDD58562" authority="(Peters, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[278,577,312,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FEB2FEF6FE008562" box="[278,404,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. vittatus</emphasis>
(Peters, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFD92E39FF33FEB5FD0586D8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FEB5FE8785A5" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,275,379,405]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synonyms</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FE55FD4C8580" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,728,411,432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FE55FD408580" authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1813" box="[151,724,411,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FE55FE0C8580" box="[151,408,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhinolophus Commersonii</emphasis>
E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FE76FE4A85FD" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,478,440,461]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FE76FE4E85FD" authority="Wagner, 1845" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,474,440,461]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FE76FEDF85FD" box="[151,331,440,461]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhinolophus gigas</emphasis>
Wagner, 1845
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FE1AFE4685D9" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,466,468,489]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FE1AFE5A85D9" authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,462,468,489]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FE1AFED985D9" box="[151,333,468,489]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phyllorhina vittata</emphasis>
Peters, 1852
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FE3EFD9B8635" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,527,496,517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FE3EFD988635" authority="Peters, 1871" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,524,496,517]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FE3EFE1F8635" box="[151,395,496,517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phyllorhina Commersoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FE35FE3EFD988635" author="PETERS, W." box="[401,524,496,517]" journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="301 - 332" part="1871" refId="ref14019" refString="PETERS, W. 1871. Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1871: 301 - 332." title="Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi" type="journal article" year="1871">Peters, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FDC3FDB58612" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,545,525,546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FDC3FD898612" authority="Dobson, 1878" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,541,525,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FDC3FE188612" box="[151,396,525,546]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phyllorhina commersonii</emphasis>
Dobson, 1878
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FDE7FD3C860E" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,680,553,574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FDE7FD30860E" authority="Bocage, 1891" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,676,553,574]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="commersoni" variety="thomensis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FDE7FE11860E" box="[151,389,553,574]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phyllorhina commersoni</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FE12FDE7FD82860E" box="[438,534,553,574]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">thomensis</emphasis>
Bocage, 1891
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FD8BFDAC866A" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,568,581,602]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FD8BFDA0866A" authority="Andersen, 1906" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,564,581,602]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FD8BFE07866A" box="[151,403,581,602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hipposideros commersoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FE3DFD8BFDA0866A" author="ANDERSEN, K." box="[409,564,581,602]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 48" part="7" refId="ref11744" refString="ANDERSEN, K. 1906. On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 17: 35 - 48." title="On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types" type="journal article" year="1906">Andersen, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FDACFE718647" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,485,610,631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FDACFE758647" authority="Wagner, 1845" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,481,610,631]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FDACFEC68647" box="[151,338,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hipposideros gigas</emphasis>
Wagner, 1845
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FDB0FD8486A3" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,528,638,659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FDB0FD9886A3" authority="Bocage, 1891" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,524,638,659]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomensis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FDB0FEEA86A3" box="[151,382,638,659]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hipposideros thomensis</emphasis>
Bocage, 1891
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FD54FD8C869F" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,536,666,687]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FD54FD80869F" authority="Dorst, 1948" authorityName="Dorst" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,532,666,687]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersoni">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FD54FE0D869F" box="[151,409,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hipposideros Commersoni</emphasis>
Dorst, 1948
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FD78FDDA86FB" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,590,694,715]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FD78FDDE86FB" authority="Monadjem et al., 2010" authorityName="Monadjem" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,586,694,715]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FD78FEF186FB" box="[151,357,694,715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hipposideros vittatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FECFFD78FDDE86FB" author="MONADJEM, A. &amp; P. J. TAYLOR &amp; F. P. D. COTERILL &amp; M. C. SCHOEMAN" bookContentInfo="596 pp." box="[363,586,694,715]" journalOrPublisher="Wits University Press, Johannesburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref13742" refString="MONADJEM, A., P. J. TAYLOR, F. P. D. COTERILL, and M. C. SCHOEMAN. 2010. Bats of central and southern Africa: a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis. Wits University Press, Johannesburg, 596 pp." title="Bats of central and southern Africa: a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis" type="book" year="2010">
Monadjem
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FE7EFD78FD9186FB" box="[474,517,694,715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FD1DFD0586D8" blockId="9.[151,728,379,744]" box="[151,657,723,744]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33FD1DFD1986D8" authority="Goodman et al., 2016" authorityName="Goodman" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,653,723,744]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FD1DFE2586D8" box="[151,433,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hipposideros cryptovalorona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FE1CFD1DFD1986D8" author="GOODMAN, S. M. &amp; M. C. SCHOEMAN &amp; A. R. RAKOTOARIVELO &amp; S. WILLOWS- MUNRO" box="[440,653,723,744]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="428 - 449" part="177" refId="ref12792" refString="GOODMAN, S. M., M. C. SCHOEMAN, A. R. RAKOTOARIVELO, and S. WILLOWS- MUNRO. 2016. How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177: 428 - 449." title="How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?" type="journal article" year="2016">
Goodman
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FDB9FD1DFDDC86D8" box="[541,584,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFD92E39FE8BFCDDFDF0871D" box="[303,612,787,813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FE8BFCDDFDF0871D" blockId="9.[303,612,787,813]" box="[303,612,787,813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FE8BFCDDFDF0871D" authority="Gray, 1866" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[303,612,787,813]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FE8BFCDDFE4D871D" box="[303,473,787,813]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macronycteris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FE45FCDDFDF0871D" author="GRAY, J." box="[481,612,787,813]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref12846" refString="GRAY, J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Gray, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFD92E3AFF33FC98FB218385" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FC98FDE58740" blockId="9.[151,625,854,880]" box="[151,625,854,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FC98FE548740" box="[151,448,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description of the Genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FE6CFC98FDE58740" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[456,625,854,880]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macronycteris</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33FC57FE588783" blockId="9.[151,764,921,1250]" box="[151,460,921,947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33FC57FE588783" box="[151,460,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Morphological characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF65FC75FF6680AF" blockId="9.[151,764,921,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FF65FC75FEC587E5" author="GRAY, J." box="[193,337,955,981]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="81 - 83" part="1866" refId="ref12846" refString="GRAY, J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866: 81 - 83." title="A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats" type="journal article" year="1866">Gray (1866)</bibRefCitation>
in his description of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FDEEFC75FD6087E5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[586,756,955,981]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FDEEFC75FD6087E5" box="[586,756,955,981]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, focused exclusively on the forehead and noseleaf structure of this genus, and the
<typeStatus id="7C11887BFFD92E39FD9CFC30FDFF8028" box="[568,619,1022,1048]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species was designated as
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FEEDFBEEFE23800A" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[329,439,1056,1082]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FEEDFBEEFE23800A" box="[329,439,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Here we provide further details on Gray’s diagnosis and some other characters to differentiate
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FE0EFBADFDC0804D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[426,596,1123,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FE0EFBADFDC0804D" box="[426,596,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FD0CFBADFF7F80AF" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FD0CFBADFF7F80AF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF63FB68FBA98739" blockId="9.[151,764,921,1250]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1422,177,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
All five species of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FE03FB68FDC580F0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[423,593,1190,1216]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FE03FB68FDC580F0" box="[423,593,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a frontal sac (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FF68FB06FEDC80D2" author="HILL, J. E." box="[204,328,1224,1250]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 129" part="11" refId="ref13158" refString="HILL, J. E. 1963. A revision of the genus Hipposideros. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 11: 1 - 129." title="A revision of the genus Hipposideros" type="journal article" year="1963">Hill, 1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FEF0FB06FD9B80D2" author="HAPPOLD, M." bookContentInfo="800 pp." box="[340,527,1224,1250]" editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="367 - 371" refId="ref13058" refString="HAPPOLD, M. 2013 c. Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats. Pp. 367 - 371, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">
Happold, 2013
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FDA6FB06FD9B80D2" box="[514,527,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
) on the forehead, in a central portion behind the posterior noseleaf. It varies in shape and size from a slightly oblong to longitudinal slit, but in all species of this genus (
<figureCitation id="3B912A5CFFD92E39FC96FED9FCE98501" box="[818,893,279,305]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,164,1783,1804]" captionTargetBox="[163,1411,1288,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[765,1091,1288,1736]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Morphological comparisons of the frontal sacs and noseleaves in A — Macronycteris commersonii (FMNH 213588, ♀), Madagascar, Province d’Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana [now Parc National], near Andrafiabe Cave, 31 October 2010; B — M. gigas (FMNH 128212, ♀), Senegal, Casmance, Diabane, 12 km SW of Adeane, 15 January 1983; C — M. vittatus (FMNH 192800, ♀, sequenced for Cyt-b), Tanzania, Pemba Island, Kaskazini Region, Micheweni District, Kilijini Village, 3 August 2006; and D — Doryrhina cyclops (FMNH 164973), Uganda, Masindi District, Budongo Forest, 25 June 1998. The form of M. cryptovalorona is similar to M. commersonii and no comparative specimen material was available for M. thomensis. Drawing by Velizar Simeonovski" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6822116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), as well as in ‘
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FBEDFED9FB5D8501" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1097,1225,279,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FBEDFED9FB5D8501" box="[1097,1225,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, it is distinctly vertical in shape; the latter species differs notably from
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FCCDFE94FB878544" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[873,1043,346,372]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FCCDFE94FB878544" box="[873,1043,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in aspects of the noseleaf (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FAF5FE94FC2785A6" author="HAPPOLD, M." bookContentInfo="800 pp." editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="367 - 371" refId="ref13058" refString="HAPPOLD, M. 2013 c. Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats. Pp. 367 - 371, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">
Happold, 2013
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FC02FEB2FC2785A6" box="[934,947,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 68
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FBB0FEB2FBB785A6" box="[1044,1059,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">a</emphasis>
and see below). The shape and size of the frontal sac shows intraspecific variation, associated with sexual dimorphism (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FAABFE0EFCF385CB" author="ANDERSEN, K." journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 48" part="7" refId="ref11744" refString="ANDERSEN, K. 1906. On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 17: 35 - 48." title="On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types" type="journal article" year="1906">Andersen, 1906</bibRefCitation>
), being more developed in males of at least three out of the five species now placed in this genus. The structure opening reaches its maximum length of
<quantity id="64529B3CFFD92E39FC07FD89FC788651" box="[931,1004,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FBB8FD89FB1C8651" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[1052,1160,583,609]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FBB8FD89FB1C8651" box="[1052,1160,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is the largest species in the genus (see below). In
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB6BFDA6FC048694" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FB6BFDA6FA1A86B2" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1231,1422,616,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">M. commersonii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FC8DFD44FC048694" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[809,912,650,676]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">M. gigas</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FC6DFD44FBD28694" box="[969,1094,650,676]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FC6DFD44FBD28694" box="[969,1094,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. vittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the frontal sac and the distal portion of the forehead is covered with fine hair (
<figureCitation id="3B912A5CFFD92E39FC96FD00FCEE86D8" box="[818,890,718,744]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,164,1783,1804]" captionTargetBox="[163,1411,1288,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[765,1091,1288,1736]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Morphological comparisons of the frontal sacs and noseleaves in A — Macronycteris commersonii (FMNH 213588, ♀), Madagascar, Province d’Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana [now Parc National], near Andrafiabe Cave, 31 October 2010; B — M. gigas (FMNH 128212, ♀), Senegal, Casmance, Diabane, 12 km SW of Adeane, 15 January 1983; C — M. vittatus (FMNH 192800, ♀, sequenced for Cyt-b), Tanzania, Pemba Island, Kaskazini Region, Micheweni District, Kilijini Village, 3 August 2006; and D — Doryrhina cyclops (FMNH 164973), Uganda, Masindi District, Budongo Forest, 25 June 1998. The form of M. cryptovalorona is similar to M. commersonii and no comparative specimen material was available for M. thomensis. Drawing by Velizar Simeonovski" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6822116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), although in large males of at least
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FA82FD00FA1A86D8" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[1318,1422,718,744]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FA82FD00FA1A86D8" box="[1318,1422,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it can be largely naked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E3AFCF6FCDFFE3B8788" blockId="9.[809,1422,177,1250]" lastBlockId="10.[151,764,178,1973]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The noseleaves of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FB9BFCDFFB7D871B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[1087,1257,785,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB9BFCDFFB7D871B" box="[1087,1257,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have several particular structures, that when taken together separate them from all other genera of hipposiderids. The lateral fleshy leaflets number 4 and occasionally 3 (
<figureCitation id="3B912A5CFFD92E39FC96FC56FCEB8782" box="[818,895,920,946]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,164,1783,1804]" captionTargetBox="[163,1411,1288,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[765,1091,1288,1736]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Morphological comparisons of the frontal sacs and noseleaves in A — Macronycteris commersonii (FMNH 213588, ♀), Madagascar, Province d’Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana [now Parc National], near Andrafiabe Cave, 31 October 2010; B — M. gigas (FMNH 128212, ♀), Senegal, Casmance, Diabane, 12 km SW of Adeane, 15 January 1983; C — M. vittatus (FMNH 192800, ♀, sequenced for Cyt-b), Tanzania, Pemba Island, Kaskazini Region, Micheweni District, Kilijini Village, 3 August 2006; and D — Doryrhina cyclops (FMNH 164973), Uganda, Masindi District, Budongo Forest, 25 June 1998. The form of M. cryptovalorona is similar to M. commersonii and no comparative specimen material was available for M. thomensis. Drawing by Velizar Simeonovski" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6822116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Most species of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FBC1FC56FA968782" box="[1125,1282,920,946]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FBC1FC56FA968782" box="[1125,1282,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
either lack the leaflets or have a maximum of 2, the exceptions being
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FCD1FC12FC4287C6" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1917" box="[885,982,988,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abae">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FCD1FC12FC4287C6" box="[885,982,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. abae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FC4DFC12FB1A87C6" authorityName="Bourret" authorityYear="1942" box="[1001,1166,988,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alongensis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FC4DFC12FB1A87C6" box="[1001,1166,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. alongensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FB06FC12FAB987C6" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1186,1325,988,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervinus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB06FC12FAB987C6" box="[1186,1325,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. cervinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(apparently in some cases only 2),
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FBD9FC30FB648028" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1149,1264,1022,1048]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dinops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FBD9FC30FB648028" box="[1149,1264,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. dinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FAA5FC30FA128028" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1281,1414,1022,1048]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larvatus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FAA5FC30FA128028" box="[1281,1414,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. larvatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FC8DFBD1FC3A8009" authorityName="Thonglongya &amp; Hill" authorityYear="1974" box="[809,942,1055,1081]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lekaguli">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FC8DFBD1FC3A8009" box="[809,942,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. lekaguli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FC4FFBD1FBF28009" baseAuthorityName="Schneider in Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1003,1126,1055,1081]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speoris">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FC4FFBD1FBF28009" box="[1003,1126,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. speoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with up to three leaflets and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FCFFFB8FFC49806B" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[859,989,1089,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armiger">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FCFFFB8FFC49806B" box="[859,989,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. armiger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FC48FB8FFBE1806B" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1004,1141,1089,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FC48FB8FFBE1806B" box="[1004,1141,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. diadema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FB27FB8FFB6D806B" authorityName="Thong, Puechmaille, Denzinger, Dietz, Csorba, Bates, Teeling &amp; Schnitzler" authorityYear="2012" box="[1155,1273,1089,1115]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffini">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB27FB8FFB6D806B" box="[1155,1273,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. griffini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FAA3FB8FFCD1804D" authorityName="Kelaart" authorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lankadiva">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FAA3FB8FFCD1804D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. lankadiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FCF6FBADFC2A804D" baseAuthorityName="Thomas &amp; Doria" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[850,958,1123,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FCF6FBADFC2A804D" box="[850,958,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. papua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FC69FBADFBE8804D" authorityName="Chasen" authorityYear="1936" box="[973,1148,1123,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FC69FBADFBE8804D" box="[973,1148,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. pendleburyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FB17FBADFA8E804D" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1901" box="[1203,1306,1123,1149]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turpis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB17FBADFA8E804D" box="[1203,1306,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">H. turpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with four leaflets (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FC2BFB4BFBDB80AF" author="ANDERSEN, K." box="[911,1103,1157,1183]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="497 - 507" part="7" refId="ref11715" refString="ANDERSEN, K. 1905. On Hipposideros diadema and its closest allies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 16: 497 - 507." title="On Hipposideros diadema and its closest allies" type="journal article" year="1905">Andersen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FBFAFB4BFB0880AF" author="ANDERSEN, K." box="[1118,1180,1157,1183]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 48" part="7" refId="ref11744" refString="ANDERSEN, K. 1906. On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 17: 35 - 48." title="On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types" type="journal article" year="1906">1906</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FB0FFB4BFA1C80AF" author="PAYNE, J. &amp; C. M. FRANCIS &amp; K. PHILIPPS" bookContentInfo="332 pp." box="[1195,1416,1157,1183]" journalOrPublisher="The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref13982" refString="PAYNE, J., C. M. FRANCIS, and K. PHILIPPS. 1985. A field guide to the mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu, 332 pp." title="A field guide to the mammals of Borneo" type="book" year="1985">
Payne
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB58FB4BFAA680AF" box="[1276,1330,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
., 1985
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FC8DFB68FC4780F0" author="STRAHAN, R." bookContentInfo="756 pp." box="[809,979,1190,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref15176" refString="STRAHAN, R. 1995. Mammals of Australia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 756 pp." title="Mammals of Australia" type="book" year="1995">Strahan, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FC40FB68FB3380F0" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="568 pp." box="[996,1191,1190,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref12416" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 a. Mammals of New Guinea. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 568 pp." title="Mammals of New Guinea" type="book" year="1995">
Flannery, 1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB3CFB68FB3380F0" box="[1176,1191,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FB1DFB68FA9780F0" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="464 pp." box="[1209,1283,1190,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref12437" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 b. Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 464 pp." title="Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands" type="book" year="1995">
1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB50FB68FA9780F0" box="[1268,1283,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FAB2FB68FC4980D2" author="BATES, P. J. J. &amp; D. L. HARRISON" bookContentInfo="258 pp." journalOrPublisher="Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref11818" refString="BATES, P. J. J., and D. L. HARRISON. 1997. Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, 258 pp." title="Bats of the Indian Subcontinent" type="book" year="1997">Bates and Harrison, 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FC4FFB06FB1B80D2" author="FRANCIS, C. M." bookContentInfo="392 pp." box="[1003,1167,1224,1250]" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref12539" refString="FRANCIS, C. M. 2008. A guide to the mammals of southeast Asia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 392 pp." title="A guide to the mammals of southeast Asia" type="book" year="2008">Francis, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFD92E39FB38FB06FA1280D2" author="THONG, V. D. &amp; S. J. PUECHMAILLE &amp; A. DENZINGER &amp; P. J. BATES &amp; C. DIETZ &amp; G. CSORBA &amp; P. SOISOOK &amp; E. C. TEELING &amp; S. MATSUMURA &amp; N. M. FUREY" box="[1180,1414,1224,1250]" journalOrPublisher="Mammal Review" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="166 - 192" part="42" refId="ref15390" refString="THONG, V. D., S. J. PUECHMAILLE, A. DENZINGER, P. J. BATES, C. DIETZ, G. CSORBA, P. SOISOOK, E. C. TEELING, S. MATSUMURA, and N. M. FUREY. 2012 a. Systematics of the Hipposideros turpis complex and a description of a new subspecies from Vietnam. Mammal Review, 42: 166 - 192." title="Systematics of the Hipposideros turpis complex and a description of a new subspecies from Vietnam" type="journal article" year="2012">
Thong
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB55FB06FAB180D2" box="[1265,1317,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FAD3FB06FA1280D2" box="[1399,1414,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2012
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF76FF7CFF7584FC" box="[210,225,178,204]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFF57FF7CFE2684FC" author="HAPPOLD, M." bookContentInfo="800 pp." box="[243,434,178,204]" editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="367 - 371" refId="ref13058" refString="HAPPOLD, M. 2013 c. Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats. Pp. 367 - 371, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">
Happold, 2013
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE01FF7CFE2684FC" box="[421,434,178,204]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
); in all cases these species have other morphological aspects of the noseleaves that separate them from members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFF33FED6FED58502" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,321,280,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF33FED6FED58502" box="[151,321,280,306]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further, the largely unornamented noseleaves of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFEE1FEF4FE7B8564" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[325,495,314,340]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFEE1FEF4FE7B8564" box="[325,495,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include the following characters: 1) anterior portion is broad and without any median modifications, internarial septa form small and narrow structures not obscuring the slightly deep-set nasal passages, and small but distinct lappets surround the nasal passages; 2) middle portion of noseleaf is simple, slightly expanded and lacking other structures; and 3) posterior portion of noseleaf without lateral process or other adornment, with a vertical medial septum, and two prominent vertical lateral septa, which divide the structure into four separate cells. (These three septa in some cases are not prominent and poorly defined.) The different aspects of the noseleaf and forehead pore are unique to
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFF18FCD8FEF28700" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[188,358,790,816]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF18FCD8FEF28700" box="[188,358,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are not found in any other genus of the family
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFEDAFCF6FDBB8762" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" box="[382,559,824,850]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFD9AFCF6FD638762" author="ROSEVEAR, D. R." bookContentInfo="418 pp." box="[574,759,824,850]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref14852" refString="ROSEVEAR, D. R. 1965. The bats of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 418 pp." title="The bats of West Africa" type="book" year="1965">Rosevear, 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFF33FC94FEED8744" author="PAYNE, J. &amp; C. M. FRANCIS &amp; K. PHILIPPS" bookContentInfo="332 pp." box="[151,377,858,884]" journalOrPublisher="The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13982" refString="PAYNE, J., C. M. FRANCIS, and K. PHILIPPS. 1985. A field guide to the mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu, 332 pp." title="A field guide to the mammals of Borneo" type="book" year="1985">
Payne
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF4EFC94FEB58744" box="[234,289,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 1985
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFE2DFC94FDDF8744" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="568 pp." box="[393,587,858,884]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref12416" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 a. Mammals of New Guinea. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 568 pp." title="Mammals of New Guinea" type="book" year="1995">
Flannery, 1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFD98FC94FDDF8744" box="[572,587,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFDFAFC94FD338744" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="464 pp." box="[606,679,858,884]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref12437" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 b. Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 464 pp." title="Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands" type="book" year="1995">
1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFD3CFC94FD338744" box="[664,679,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFD1EFC94FEEF87A6" author="BATES, P. J. J. &amp; D. L. HARRISON" bookContentInfo="258 pp." journalOrPublisher="Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref11818" refString="BATES, P. J. J., and D. L. HARRISON. 1997. Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, 258 pp." title="Bats of the Indian Subcontinent" type="book" year="1997">Bates and Harrison, 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFE22FCB2FDBD87A6" author="FRANCIS, C. M." bookContentInfo="392 pp." box="[390,553,892,918]" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref12539" refString="FRANCIS, C. M. 2008. A guide to the mammals of southeast Asia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 392 pp." title="A guide to the mammals of southeast Asia" type="book" year="2008">Francis, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFD90FCB2FF418788" author="MONADJEM, A. &amp; P. J. TAYLOR &amp; F. P. D. COTERILL &amp; M. C. SCHOEMAN" bookContentInfo="596 pp." journalOrPublisher="Wits University Press, Johannesburg" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13742" refString="MONADJEM, A., P. J. TAYLOR, F. P. D. COTERILL, and M. C. SCHOEMAN. 2010. Bats of central and southern Africa: a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis. Wits University Press, Johannesburg, 596 pp." title="Bats of central and southern Africa: a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis" type="book" year="2010">
Monadjem
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFD1EFCB2FD7987A6" box="[698,749,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFF46FC50FE0A8788" author="HAPPOLD, M." bookContentInfo="800 pp." box="[226,414,926,952]" editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="367 - 371" refId="ref13058" refString="HAPPOLD, M. 2013 c. Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats. Pp. 367 - 371, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">
Happold, 2013
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE35FC50FE0A8788" box="[401,414,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7D56651FFD92E39FF33F939FCE28385" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6822116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6822116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,164,1783,1804]" targetBox="[163,1411,1288,1771]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFD92E39FF33F939FCE28385" blockId="9.[151,1422,1783,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
FIG. 4. Morphological comparisons of the frontal sacs and noseleaves in A —
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FC03F939FB23833C" box="[935,1207,1783,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FC03F939FB23833C" box="[935,1207,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Macronycteris commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 213588, ♀), Madagascar, Province d’Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana [now Parc National], near Andrafiabe Cave, 31 October 2010; B —
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF68F8E1FEB48374" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[204,288,1839,1860]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF68F8E1FEB48374" box="[204,288,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 128212, ♀), Senegal, Casmance, Diabane, 12 km SW of Adeane, 15 January 1983; C —
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FB77F8E1FAAE8374" box="[1235,1338,1839,1860]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB77F8E1FAAE8374" box="[1235,1338,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. vittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 192800, ♀, sequenced for Cyt-
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FE71F882FE758351" box="[469,481,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">b</emphasis>
), Tanzania, Pemba Island, Kaskazini Region, Micheweni District, Kilijini Village, 3 August 2006; and D —
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FEE7F8A6FE6E834D" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[323,506,1896,1917]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FEE7F8A6FE6E834D" box="[323,506,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Doryrhina cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 164973), Uganda, Masindi District, Budongo Forest, 25 June 1998. The form of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FF33F84AFEDE83A9" box="[151,330,1924,1945]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FF33F84AFEDE83A9" box="[151,330,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FE6CF84AFDF183A9" box="[456,613,1924,1945]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FE6CF84AFDF183A9" box="[456,613,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and no comparative specimen material was available for
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFD92E39FB2BF84AFA9B83A9" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1891" box="[1167,1295,1924,1945]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomensis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFD92E39FB2BF84AFA9B83A9" box="[1167,1295,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">M. thomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing by Velizar Simeonovski
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDA2E3AFF65FC0EFAC88564" blockId="10.[151,764,178,1973]" lastBlockId="10.[809,1422,177,1156]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The separated ears in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFE79FC0EFD1387EA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[477,647,960,986]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE79FC0EFD1387EA" box="[477,647,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are constricted towards the base, triangular in shape and with pointed distal tips and curved posterior margins that give a limp or droopy appearance. The ear length average in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFED2FB86FDAE8052" box="[374,570,1096,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFED2FB86FDAE8052" box="[374,570,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFDE2FB86FD278052" box="[582,691,1096,1122]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.96" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="29.6">29.6 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFD6CFB86FD638052" box="[712,759,1096,1122]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF33FBA4FF3280B4" box="[151,166,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 27) and
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFE8CFBA4FE0680B4" box="[296,402,1130,1156]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="28.8">28.8 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFE01FBA4FE4480B4" box="[421,464,1130,1156]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE7AFBA4FE7980B4" box="[478,493,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 76), in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFDC7FBA4FF708096" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFDC7FBA4FF708096" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFF49FB42FED48096" box="[237,320,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFEDFFB42FE5B8096" box="[379,463,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE45FB42FE648096" box="[481,496,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 2), in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFDFCFB42FD548096" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[600,704,1164,1190]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFDFCFB42FD548096" box="[600,704,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFD6CFB42FF5180F8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1399999999999997" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="31.4">31.4 mm</quantity>
(sexes combined,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE39FB60FE3880F8" box="[413,428,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 34) and in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFDE1FB60FD5580F8" box="[581,705,1198,1224]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFDE1FB60FD5580F8" box="[581,705,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. vittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFD6CFB60FF5180DB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="29.5">29.5 mm</quantity>
(sexes combined,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE11FB1FFE5080DB" box="[437,452,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 95) (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFD8BFB1FFD6780DB" author="HAPPOLD, M." bookContentInfo="800 pp." box="[559,755,1233,1259]" editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="367 - 371" refId="ref13058" refString="HAPPOLD, M. 2013 c. Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats. Pp. 367 - 371, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">
Happold, 2013
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFD42FB1FFD6780DB" box="[742,755,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFF33FB3DFE33813D" author="GOODMAN, S. M. &amp; M. C. SCHOEMAN &amp; A. R. RAKOTOARIVELO &amp; S. WILLOWS- MUNRO" box="[151,423,1267,1293]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="428 - 449" part="177" refId="ref12792" refString="GOODMAN, S. M., M. C. SCHOEMAN, A. R. RAKOTOARIVELO, and S. WILLOWS- MUNRO. 2016. How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177: 428 - 449." title="How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?" type="journal article" year="2016">
Goodman
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFEB2FB3DFED9813D" box="[278,333,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Antitragus not notably developed. The genus is the largest amongst living hipposiderids, often showing sexual dimorphism in external measurements. The size of these animals can be best expressed by mean forearm length, which in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFF33FA53FECC8187" box="[151,344,1437,1463]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF33FA53FECC8187" box="[151,344,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFED8FA53FE728187" box="[380,486,1437,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.07" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="90.7">90.7 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFE5CFA53FDB38187" box="[504,551,1437,1463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFD91FA53FDD08187" box="[565,580,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 27) and
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFD6CFA53FF5181E9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.64" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="86.4">86.4 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFF7EFA71FE9181E9" box="[218,261,1471,1497]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFEB0FA71FEB781E9" box="[276,291,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 76), in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFE3AFA71FDEF81E9" box="[414,635,1471,1497]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptovalorona">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE3AFA71FDEF81E9" box="[414,635,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. cryptovalorona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
80 and
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFD7AFA71FF5181CB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="81.0">81 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF72FA2FFF7181CB" box="[214,229,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 2), in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFEE3FA2FFE3A81CB" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[327,430,1505,1531]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFEE3FA2FFE3A81CB" box="[327,430,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFE10FA2FFDBF81CB" box="[436,555,1505,1531]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.079" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="107.9">107.9 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFD9FFA2FFDFE81CB" box="[571,618,1505,1531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFDD2FA2FFD1181CB" box="[630,645,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 39) and 103.8 (
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFF56F9CDFE89822D" box="[242,285,1539,1565]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE94F9CDFEAB822D" box="[304,319,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 39), in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFE6DF9CDFDFE822D" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1891" box="[457,618,1539,1565]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomensis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFE6DF9CDFDFE822D" box="[457,618,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. thomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFDDCF9CDFD68822D" box="[632,764,1539,1565]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="80.5" valueMax="82.0" valueMin="79.0">79–82 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF05F9EBFF24820F" box="[161,176,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 3) and in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFEE8F9EBFE58820F" box="[332,460,1573,1599]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFEE8F9EBFE58820F" box="[332,460,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. vittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFE72F9EBFDC4820F" box="[470,592,1573,1599]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="101.5">101.5 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFDC7F9EBFD06820F" box="[611,658,1573,1599]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFD05F9EBFD24820F" box="[673,688,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 78) and 93.9 (
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFEB1F989FED48251" box="[277,320,1607,1633]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFEF5F989FEF48251" box="[337,352,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 58) (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFE1AF989FD148251" author="ANDERSEN, K." box="[446,640,1607,1633]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="35 - 48" part="7" refId="ref11744" refString="ANDERSEN, K. 1906. On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 17: 35 - 48." title="On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types" type="journal article" year="1906">Andersen, 1906</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFD2BF989FF4B82B3" author="HAPPOLD, M." bookContentInfo="800 pp." editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="367 - 371" refId="ref13058" refString="HAPPOLD, M. 2013 c. Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats. Pp. 367 - 371, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">
Happold, 2013
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF76F9A7FF4B82B3" box="[210,223,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFF57F9A7FD9082B3" author="GOODMAN, S. M. &amp; M. C. SCHOEMAN &amp; A. R. RAKOTOARIVELO &amp; S. WILLOWS- MUNRO" box="[243,516,1641,1667]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="428 - 449" part="177" refId="ref12792" refString="GOODMAN, S. M., M. C. SCHOEMAN, A. R. RAKOTOARIVELO, and S. WILLOWS- MUNRO. 2016. How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177: 428 - 449." title="How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?" type="journal article" year="2016">
Goodman
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFED6F9A7FE3E82B3" box="[370,426,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The only
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFD31F9A7FF438295" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFD31F9A7FF438295" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
approaching the size of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFDBAF945FD5C8295" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[542,712,1675,1701]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFDBAF945FD5C8295" box="[542,712,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFF33F963FE9882F7" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,268,1709,1735]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dinops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF33F963FE9882F7" box="[151,268,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. dinops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Papua New Guinea with a forearm of
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFF1DF901FEB782D9" box="[185,291,1743,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.33" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="93.3">93.3 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFE91F901FEF082D9" box="[309,356,1743,1769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFED6F901FE1582D9" box="[370,385,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 3) and
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFE5CF901FDF782D9" box="[504,611,1743,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="91.6">91.6 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDA2E3AFDD3F901FD3682D9" box="[631,674,1743,1769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFD16F901FD5582D9" box="[690,705,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 5) and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFF6BF93FFE18833B" authorityName="Laurie &amp; Hill" authorityYear="1954" box="[207,396,1777,1803]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFF6BF93FFE18833B" box="[207,396,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. inexpectatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern Sulawesi with a forearm of
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDA2E3AFE89F8DDFE30831D" box="[301,420,1811,1837]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.008" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="100.8">100.8 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFE16F8DDFD26831D" author="LAURIE, E. M. O. &amp; J. E. HILL" bookContentInfo="175 pp." box="[434,690,1811,1837]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref13452" refString="LAURIE, E. M. O., and J. E. HILL. 1954. List of land mammals of New Guinea, Celebes and adjacent islands, 1758 - 1952. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 175 pp." title="List of land mammals of New Guinea, Celebes and adjacent islands, 1758 - 1952" type="book" year="1954">Laurie and Hill, 1954</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFD1AF8DDFEBE837F" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="464 pp." journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref12437" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 b. Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 464 pp." title="Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands" type="book" year="1995">
Flannery, 1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFEBFF8FBFEBE837F" box="[283,298,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). All species of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFDAEF8FBFD20837F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[522,692,1845,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFDAEF8FBFD20837F" box="[522,692,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have relatively dense and short fur, with a mixture of rich fawn to rufus on the dorsum and slightly lighter ventrum, and distinctive white fur on the shoulders; certain species have a distinct rufus-orange colour phase. The unfurred wing and tail membranes are pale to dark brown. The tail is distinctly shorter than the length of the extended hind foot. The plagiopatagium attaches at approximately ankle level.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDA2E3AFCF6FE92FA1A8698" blockId="10.[809,1422,177,1156]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The skull of the different members of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFAAAFE92FCC985A8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFAAAFE92FCC985A8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are notably large, with very pronounced lambdoid and sagittal crests, being more developed in adult males and in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFBAAFE0CFBE385EC" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[1038,1143,450,476]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFBAAFE0CFBE385EC" box="[1038,1143,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the largest member of the genus. The zygomatic arches are robust and form the widest portion of the skull. The rostrum is notably wide and in dorsal view the naso-frontal portion of the skull has a distinct pentagonal shape. The mandible is notably large, with a deep symphysis, large angular process and elevated coronoid process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDA2E3AFCF6FD7EFCEA80B4" blockId="10.[809,1422,177,1156]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Dentition notably massive, clearly indicative of a powerful bite for subduing prey. Dental formula — premolars 1/2, canines 1/1, premolars 2/2 and molars 3/3. The upper incisors are widely spaced on the outer portion of the premaxillae and in fresh adult dentitions weakly lobed. The upper canine is massive and in direct contact with the second upper premolar, with the first upper premolar being small and external to the toothrow. The upper canine is grooved and with a distinct cusp on the upper posterior edge. In general, cusp structure of premolars and molars similar to large members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFC8DFB86FC528052" box="[809,966,1096,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC8DFB86FC528052" box="[809,966,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
following the description of
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFAE0FB86FCEF80B4" author="MILLER, G. S." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin United States National Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 282" part="57" refId="ref13715" refString="MILLER, G. S. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin United States National Museum, 57: 1 - 282." title="The families and genera of bats" type="journal article" year="1907">Miller (1907)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDA2E3AFC8DFB60FBDD80F8" blockId="10.[809,1422,1198,1973]" box="[809,1097,1198,1224]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC8DFB60FBDD80F8" box="[809,1097,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Karyological characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDA2E3AFCF6FB1EFB218385" blockId="10.[809,1422,1198,1973]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
On the basis of karyological information from the literature, further evidence can be found for the resurrection of the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFBFEFADBFA90811F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[1114,1284,1301,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFBFEFADBFA90811F" box="[1114,1284,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for species formerly placed in the
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFBE5FAF9FB4D8161" box="[1089,1241,1335,1361]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFBE5FAF9FB4D8161" box="[1089,1241,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFA9EFAF9FCE98143" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFA9EFAF9FCE98143" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by its extreme karyological conservatism, with nearly all species examined so far having a 2
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC7CFA53FC738187" box="[984,999,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
complement of 32 (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFB40FA53FCF381E9" author="HARADA, M. &amp; M. MINEZAWA &amp; S. TAKADA &amp; S. YENBUTRA &amp; P. NUN- PAKDEE &amp; S. OHTANI" journalOrPublisher="Caryologia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="269 - 278" part="35" refId="ref13111" refString="HARADA, M., M. MINEZAWA, S. TAKADA, S. YENBUTRA, P. NUN- PAKDEE, and S. OHTANI. 1982. Karyological analysis of 12 species of bats from Thailand. Caryologia, 35: 269 - 278." title="Karyological analysis of 12 species of bats from Thailand" type="journal article" year="1982">
Harada
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFAE3FA53FAEB8187" box="[1351,1407,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 1982
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFCD3FA71FBC781E9" author="HOOD, C. S. &amp; D. A. SCHLITTER &amp; J. I. GEORGUDAKI &amp; S. YENBUTRA &amp; R. J. BAKER" box="[887,1107,1471,1497]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="99 - 109" part="57" refId="ref13191" refString="HOOD, C. S., D. A. SCHLITTER, J. I. GEORGUDAKI, S. YENBUTRA, and R. J. BAKER. 1988. Chromosomal studies of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Thailand. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 57: 99 - 109." title="Chromosomal studies of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Thailand" type="journal article" year="1988">
Hood
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC60FA71FC6F81E9" box="[964,1019,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 1988
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFBC7FA71FA1C81E9" author="RAUTENBACH, I. &amp; G. BRONNER &amp; D. SCHLITTER" box="[1123,1416,1471,1497]" journalOrPublisher="Koedoe" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="87 - 104" part="36" refId="ref14661" refString="RAUTENBACH, I., G. BRONNER, and D. SCHLITTER. 1993. Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa. Koedoe, 36: 87 - 104." title="Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa" type="journal article" year="1993">
Rautenbach
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFB5DFA71FAA481E9" box="[1273,1328,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFC8DFA2FFB3281CB" author="BOGDANOWICZ, W. &amp; R. D. OWEN" bookContentInfo="365 pp." box="[809,1190,1505,1531]" editor="T. H. KUNZ &amp; P. A. RACEY" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D. C." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="27 - 42" refId="ref11965" refString="BOGDANOWICZ, W., and R. D. OWEN. 1998. In the Minotaur's labyrinth: phylogeny of the bat family Hipposideridae. Pp. 27 - 42, in Bat biology and conservation (T. H. KUNZ and P. A. RACEY, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D. C., 365 pp." title="In the Minotaur's labyrinth: phylogeny of the bat family Hipposideridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Bat biology and conservation" year="1998">Bogdanowicz and Owen, 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFB13FA2FFCF3822D" author="KOUBINOVA, D. &amp; K. SREEPADA &amp; P. KOUBEK &amp; J. ZIMA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="393 - 400" part="12" refId="ref13408" refString="KOUBINOVA, D., K. SREEPADA, P. KOUBEK, and J. ZIMA. 2010. Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae). Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 393 - 400." title="Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
Koubínová
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFAE2FA2FFAEB81CB" box="[1350,1407,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFCD2F9CDFBD0822D" author="MAO, X. &amp; J. WANG &amp; W. SU &amp; Y. WANG &amp; F. YANG &amp; W. NIE" box="[886,1092,1539,1565]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="453 - 460" part="31" refId="ref13658" refString="MAO, X., J. WANG, W. SU, Y. WANG, F. YANG, and W. NIE. 2010. Karyotypic evolution in family Hipposideridae (Chiroptera, Mammalia) revealed by comparative chromosome painting, G- and C-banding. Zoological Research, 31: 453 - 460." title="Karyotypic evolution in family Hipposideridae (Chiroptera, Mammalia) revealed by comparative chromosome painting, G- and C-banding" type="journal article" year="2010">
Mao
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC12F9CDFC79822D" box="[950,1005,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFBF7F9CDFAA0822D" author="PORTER, C. A. &amp; A. W. PRIMUS &amp; F. G. HOFFMAN &amp; R. J. BAKER" box="[1107,1332,1539,1565]" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum Texas Tech University" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 7" part="295" refId="ref14049" refString="PORTER, C. A., A. W. PRIMUS, F. G. HOFFMAN, and R. J. BAKER. 2010. Karyology of five species of bats (Vespertilionidae, Hipposideridae, and Nycteridae) from Gabon with comments on the taxonomy of Glauconycteris. Occasional Papers of the Museum Texas Tech University, 295: 1 - 7." title="Karyology of five species of bats (Vespertilionidae, Hipposideridae, and Nycteridae) from Gabon with comments on the taxonomy of Glauconycteris" type="journal article" year="2010">
Porter
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFB01F9CDFB4F822D" box="[1189,1243,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFCD4F9EBFB8E820F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[880,1050,1573,1599]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFCD4F9EBFB8E820F" box="[880,1050,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa, previously attributed to
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFC8DF989FC528251" box="[809,966,1607,1633]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC8DF989FC528251" box="[809,966,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differ markedly from this conserved karyotype with
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFC4AF9A7FB2782B3" box="[1006,1203,1641,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC4AF9A7FB2782B3" box="[1006,1203,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED57B0FFDA2E3AFB64F9A7FB7782B3" box="[1216,1251,1641,1667]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFB53F9A7FCF68295" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFB53F9A7FCF68295" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED57B0FFDA2E3AFCCEF945FC048295" box="[874,912,1675,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFC6FF945FBA08295" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[971,1076,1675,1701]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC6FF945FBA08295" box="[971,1076,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having 2
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFB07F945FB268295" box="[1187,1202,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 52 (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFAA5F945FC2982F7" author="RAUTENBACH, I. &amp; G. BRONNER &amp; D. SCHLITTER" journalOrPublisher="Koedoe" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="87 - 104" part="36" refId="ref14661" refString="RAUTENBACH, I., G. BRONNER, and D. SCHLITTER. 1993. Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa. Koedoe, 36: 87 - 104." title="Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa" type="journal article" year="1993">
Rautenbach
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC8DF963FCF782F7" box="[809,867,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFC6BF963FB6082F7" author="KOUBINOVA, D. &amp; K. SREEPADA &amp; P. KOUBEK &amp; J. ZIMA" box="[975,1268,1709,1735]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="393 - 400" part="12" refId="ref13408" refString="KOUBINOVA, D., K. SREEPADA, P. KOUBEK, and J. ZIMA. 2010. Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae). Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 393 - 400." title="Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
Koubínová
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFBFBF963FB0D82F7" box="[1119,1177,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), as well as
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFC8DF901FC7D82D9" box="[809,1001,1743,1769]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="commersonii">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC8DF901FC7D82D9" box="[809,1001,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. commersonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AED57B0FFDA2E3AFC55F901FB8282D9" box="[1009,1046,1743,1769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
having chromosome characters unlike those in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFC78F93FFA1D833B" authority="(Richards et al., 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[988,1417,1777,1803]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC78F93FFBED833B" box="[988,1145,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hipposideros</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFB2CF93FFA15833B" author="RICHARDS, L. R. &amp; R. V. RAMBAU &amp; S. M. GOODMAN &amp; P. J. TAYLOR &amp; M. C. SCHOEMAN &amp; F. YANG &amp; J. M. LAMB" box="[1160,1409,1777,1803]" journalOrPublisher="Cytogenetics and Genome Research" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="185 - 198" part="148" refId="ref14698" refString="RICHARDS, L. R., R. V. RAMBAU, S. M. GOODMAN, P. J. TAYLOR, M. C. SCHOEMAN, F. YANG, and J. M. LAMB. 2016. Karyotypic evolution in Malagasy flying foxes (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera) and their hipposiderid relatives as determined by comparative chromosome painting. Cytogenetics and Genome Research, 148: 185 - 198." title="Karyotypic evolution in Malagasy flying foxes (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera) and their hipposiderid relatives as determined by comparative chromosome painting" type="journal article" year="2016">
Richards
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFB5DF93FFAB8833B" box="[1273,1324,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The exception to the
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFB8DF8DDFBAC831D" box="[1065,1080,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 32 complement for members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFC5AF8FBFB0F837F" box="[1022,1179,1845,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC5AF8FBFB0F837F" box="[1022,1179,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is ‘
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFB6FF8FBFADC837F" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1227,1352,1845,1871]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFB6FF8FBFADC837F" box="[1227,1352,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">H. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ having 2
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFCCEF899FCED8341" box="[874,889,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">n</emphasis>
= 36 (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDA2E3AFC71F899FB6F8341" author="KOUBINOVA, D. &amp; K. SREEPADA &amp; P. KOUBEK &amp; J. ZIMA" box="[981,1275,1879,1905]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="393 - 400" part="12" refId="ref13408" refString="KOUBINOVA, D., K. SREEPADA, P. KOUBEK, and J. ZIMA. 2010. Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae). Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 393 - 400." title="Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
Koubínová
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFBC2F899FB348341" box="[1126,1184,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
); herein we present evidence that this species is best placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDA2E3AFC05F855FB888385" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[929,1052,1947,1973]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDA2E3AFC05F855FB888385" box="[929,1052,1947,1973]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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534
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Genus
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<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFE91FE71FE2485E9" box="[309,432,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
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(p. 314)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFDB2E3BFF65FDCDFF77860E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF65FDCDFF77860E" blockId="11.[151,763,515,574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
New combination —
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFE64FDCDFF4B860E" authority="(Peters, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFE64FDCDFD0F862D" box="[448,667,515,541]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina cyclops</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFD0FFDCDFF42860E" author="PETERS, W." journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="301 - 332" part="1871" refId="ref14019" refString="PETERS, W. 1871. Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1871: 301 - 332." title="Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi" type="journal article" year="1871">Peters, 1871</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFDB2E3BFF33FDA6FE8786B2" box="[151,275,616,642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF33FDA6FE8786B2" blockId="11.[151,763,616,810]" box="[151,275,616,642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synonyms</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFDB2E3BFF33FD46FD94871A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF33FD46FD8586AD" blockId="11.[151,763,616,810]" box="[151,529,648,669]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF33FD46FD9986AD" authority="Temminck, 1853" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,525,648,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FD46FEF586AD" box="[151,353,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phyllorrhina cyclops</emphasis>
Temminck, 1853
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF33FD6AFDBA86E5" blockId="11.[151,763,616,810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF33FD6AFD888689" authority="Temminck, 1853" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,540,676,697]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FD6AFEF38689" box="[151,359,676,697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phyllorrhina cyclops</emphasis>
Temminck, 1853
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFDE6FD6AFEE286E5" ID-CoL="5TJF9" authority="(Temminck, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFDE6FD6AFD6F8689" box="[578,763,676,697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina cyclops</emphasis>
(Temminck, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFE02FD0EFDBD86E5" author="PETERS, W." box="[422,553,704,725]" journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="301 - 332" part="1871" refId="ref14019" refString="PETERS, W. 1871. Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1871: 301 - 332." title="Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi" type="journal article" year="1871">Peters (1871)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF33FD13FD8A86C2" blockId="11.[151,763,616,810]" box="[151,542,733,754]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF33FD13FD8E86C2" authority="de Winton, 1897" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,538,733,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micaceus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FD13FEE486C2" box="[151,368,733,754]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhinolophus micaceus</emphasis>
de Winton, 1897
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF33FD37FD80873E" blockId="11.[151,763,616,810]" box="[151,532,761,782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF33FD37FD84873E" ID-CoL="3M36N" authority="de Winton, 1899" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,528,761,782]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FD37FEF2873E" box="[151,358,761,782]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hipposideros cyclops</emphasis>
de Winton, 1899
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF33FCDBFD94871A" blockId="11.[151,763,616,810]" box="[151,512,789,810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF33FCDBFE68871A" authority="J. A. Allen, 1917" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,508,789,810]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langi">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FCDBFEDB871A" box="[151,335,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hipposideros langi</emphasis>
J. A. Allen, 1917
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFDB2E3BFE9BFCA2FDC087B6" box="[319,596,876,902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFE9BFCA2FDC087B6" blockId="11.[319,596,876,902]" box="[319,596,876,902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFE9BFCA2FDC087B6" authority="Peters, 1871" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[319,596,876,902]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFE9BFCA2FE2E87B6" box="[319,442,876,902]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFE66FCA2FDC087B6" author="PETERS, W." box="[450,596,876,902]" journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="301 - 332" part="1871" refId="ref14019" refString="PETERS, W. 1871. Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1871: 301 - 332." title="Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi" type="journal article" year="1871">Peters, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBB06552FFDB2E3CFF33FC61FDA58120" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF33FC61FDD587F9" blockId="11.[151,577,943,969]" box="[151,577,943,969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FC61FE5487F9" box="[151,448,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description of the Genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFE6CFC61FDD587F9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[456,577,943,969]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Doryrhina</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF33FC23FE588037" blockId="11.[151,764,1005,1973]" box="[151,460,1005,1031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FC23FE588037" box="[151,460,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Morphological characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF65FBC1FD1480C2" blockId="11.[151,764,1005,1973]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFF65FBC1FEF28019" author="PETERS, W." box="[193,358,1039,1065]" journalOrPublisher="Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="301 - 332" part="1871" refId="ref14019" refString="PETERS, W. 1871. Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1871: 301 - 332." title="Uber die Gattungen und Arten der Hufeisennase, Rhinolophi" type="journal article" year="1871">Peters (1871)</bibRefCitation>
in his naming of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF33FBFEFE86807A" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,274,1072,1098]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FBFEFE86807A" box="[151,274,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented different characters associated with the noseleaf structure, and the
<typeStatus id="7C11887BFFDB2E3BFDE5FB9CFDE0805C" box="[577,628,1106,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
species for the subgenus was
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFED4FBBAFD6780BE" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[368,755,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops" subGenus="Doryrhina">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFED4FBBAFE6880BE" box="[368,508,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phyllorhina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFDAAFBBAFD1D80BE" box="[526,649,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFD3FFBBAFD6780BE" box="[667,755,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; a tropical African taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFE61FB5BFDD8809F" author="FAHR, J." bookContentInfo="800 pp." box="[453,588,1173,1199]" editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="380 - 383" refId="ref12366" refString="FAHR, J. 2013. Hipposideros cyclops cyclops leaf-nosed bat. Pp. 380 - 383, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Hipposideros cyclops cyclops leaf-nosed bat." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">Fahr, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Here we elevate the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFEDEFB79FE6180E1" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[378,501,1207,1233]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFEDEFB79FE6180E1" box="[378,501,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the level of genus for
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF65FB16FE8D80C2" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[193,281,1240,1266]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF65FB16FE8D80C2" box="[193,281,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and expand Peter’s diagnosis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3BFF65FB34FBC681A5" blockId="11.[151,764,1005,1973]" lastBlockId="11.[809,1422,177,1973]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The single species we place herein in the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF33FAD2FE868106" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,274,1308,1334]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33FAD2FE868106" box="[151,274,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFE85FAD2FE098106" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[289,413,1308,1334]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFE85FAD2FE098106" box="[289,413,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has a frontal sac on the forehead (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFF45FAF3FEF48167" author="HILL, J. E." box="[225,352,1341,1367]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 129" part="11" refId="ref13158" refString="HILL, J. E. 1963. A revision of the genus Hipposideros. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 11: 1 - 129." title="A revision of the genus Hipposideros" type="journal article" year="1963">Hill, 1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFECBFAF3FE608167" author="FAHR, J." bookContentInfo="800 pp." box="[367,500,1341,1367]" editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="380 - 383" refId="ref12366" refString="FAHR, J. 2013. Hipposideros cyclops cyclops leaf-nosed bat. Pp. 380 - 383, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Hipposideros cyclops cyclops leaf-nosed bat." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">Fahr, 2013</bibRefCitation>
), in a central position behind the posterior noseleaf, and opening as a relatively small vertical slit (
<figureCitation id="3B912A5CFFDB2E3BFE67FA4FFD9A81AB" box="[451,526,1409,1435]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,164,1783,1804]" captionTargetBox="[163,1411,1288,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[765,1091,1288,1736]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Morphological comparisons of the frontal sacs and noseleaves in A — Macronycteris commersonii (FMNH 213588, ♀), Madagascar, Province d’Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana [now Parc National], near Andrafiabe Cave, 31 October 2010; B — M. gigas (FMNH 128212, ♀), Senegal, Casmance, Diabane, 12 km SW of Adeane, 15 January 1983; C — M. vittatus (FMNH 192800, ♀, sequenced for Cyt-b), Tanzania, Pemba Island, Kaskazini Region, Micheweni District, Kilijini Village, 3 August 2006; and D — Doryrhina cyclops (FMNH 164973), Uganda, Masindi District, Budongo Forest, 25 June 1998. The form of M. cryptovalorona is similar to M. commersonii and no comparative specimen material was available for M. thomensis. Drawing by Velizar Simeonovski" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6822116/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Within the slit are stiff white hairs that when everted form a distinct hair tuft (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFEB2FA0AFE4E81EE" author="ROSEVEAR, D. R." bookContentInfo="418 pp." box="[278,474,1476,1502]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref14852" refString="ROSEVEAR, D. R. 1965. The bats of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 418 pp." title="The bats of West Africa" type="book" year="1965">Rosevear, 1965</bibRefCitation>
). The noseleaf of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFD6AFA0AFF7A8230" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFD6AFA0AFF7A8230" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows several particular aspects which differ from other hipposiderids, including
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFDD8F9C9FF5F8273" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFDD8F9C9FF5F8273" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFDA7F9E7FDEA8273" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[515,638,1577,1603]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFDA7F9E7FDEA8273" box="[515,638,1577,1603]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have two lateral fleshy leaflets (
<figureCitation id="3B912A5CFFDB2E3BFE3AF985FE738255" box="[414,487,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,164,1783,1804]" captionTargetBox="[163,1411,1288,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[765,1091,1288,1736]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Morphological comparisons of the frontal sacs and noseleaves in A — Macronycteris commersonii (FMNH 213588, ♀), Madagascar, Province d’Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana [now Parc National], near Andrafiabe Cave, 31 October 2010; B — M. gigas (FMNH 128212, ♀), Senegal, Casmance, Diabane, 12 km SW of Adeane, 15 January 1983; C — M. vittatus (FMNH 192800, ♀, sequenced for Cyt-b), Tanzania, Pemba Island, Kaskazini Region, Micheweni District, Kilijini Village, 3 August 2006; and D — Doryrhina cyclops (FMNH 164973), Uganda, Masindi District, Budongo Forest, 25 June 1998. The form of M. cryptovalorona is similar to M. commersonii and no comparative specimen material was available for M. thomensis. Drawing by Velizar Simeonovski" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6822116/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), a common configuration in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF54F9A2FE1982B6" box="[240,397,1644,1670]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF54F9A2FE1982B6" box="[240,397,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although several members of this genus, as well as
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFE66F940FDF88298" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[450,620,1678,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFE66F940FDF88298" box="[450,620,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have four leaflets (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFF5AF97EFE2A82FA" author="ANDERSEN, K." box="[254,446,1712,1738]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="497 - 507" part="7" refId="ref11715" refString="ANDERSEN, K. 1905. On Hipposideros diadema and its closest allies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 16: 497 - 507." title="On Hipposideros diadema and its closest allies" type="journal article" year="1905">Andersen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFE69F97EFD9F82FA" author="ANDERSEN, K." box="[461,523,1712,1738]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="35 - 48" part="7" refId="ref11744" refString="ANDERSEN, K. 1906. On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 17: 35 - 48." title="On the bats of the Hipposideros armiger and Commersoni types" type="journal article" year="1906">1906</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFDBDF97EFD6382FA" author="PAYNE, J. &amp; C. M. FRANCIS &amp; K. PHILIPPS" bookContentInfo="332 pp." box="[537,759,1712,1738]" journalOrPublisher="The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref13982" refString="PAYNE, J., C. M. FRANCIS, and K. PHILIPPS. 1985. A field guide to the mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu, 332 pp." title="A field guide to the mammals of Borneo" type="book" year="1985">
Payne
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFDCFF97EFD3482FA" box="[619,672,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
., 1985
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFF33F91FFED682DB" author="STRAHAN, R." bookContentInfo="756 pp." box="[151,322,1745,1771]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref15176" refString="STRAHAN, R. 1995. Mammals of Australia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 756 pp." title="Mammals of Australia" type="book" year="1995">Strahan, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFEF6F91FFD8182DB" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="568 pp." box="[338,533,1745,1771]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12416" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 a. Mammals of New Guinea. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 568 pp." title="Mammals of New Guinea" type="book" year="1995">
Flannery, 1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFDA2F91FFD8182DB" box="[518,533,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFD83F91FFDE582DB" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="464 pp." box="[551,625,1745,1771]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12437" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 b. Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 464 pp." title="Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands" type="book" year="1995">
1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFDC6F91FFDE582DB" box="[610,625,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFD20F91FFED8833D" author="BATES, P. J. J. &amp; D. L. HARRISON" bookContentInfo="258 pp." journalOrPublisher="Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref11818" refString="BATES, P. J. J., and D. L. HARRISON. 1997. Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, 258 pp." title="Bats of the Indian Subcontinent" type="book" year="1997">Bates and Harrison, 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFEFDF93DFE69833D" author="FRANCIS, C. M." bookContentInfo="392 pp." box="[345,509,1779,1805]" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12539" refString="FRANCIS, C. M. 2008. A guide to the mammals of southeast Asia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 392 pp." title="A guide to the mammals of southeast Asia" type="book" year="2008">Francis, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFDAEF93DFD60833D" author="THONG, V. D. &amp; S. J. PUECHMAILLE &amp; A. DENZINGER &amp; P. J. BATES &amp; C. DIETZ &amp; G. CSORBA &amp; P. SOISOOK &amp; E. C. TEELING &amp; S. MATSUMURA &amp; N. M. FUREY" box="[522,756,1779,1805]" journalOrPublisher="Mammal Review" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="166 - 192" part="42" refId="ref15390" refString="THONG, V. D., S. J. PUECHMAILLE, A. DENZINGER, P. J. BATES, C. DIETZ, G. CSORBA, P. SOISOOK, E. C. TEELING, S. MATSUMURA, and N. M. FUREY. 2012 a. Systematics of the Hipposideros turpis complex and a description of a new subspecies from Vietnam. Mammal Review, 42: 166 - 192." title="Systematics of the Hipposideros turpis complex and a description of a new subspecies from Vietnam" type="journal article" year="2012">
Thong
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFDFBF93DFD00833D" box="[607,660,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFD41F93DFD60833D" box="[741,756,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFF33F8DBFF75831F" author="THONG, V. D. &amp; S. J. PUECHMAILLE &amp; A. DENZINGER &amp; C. DIETZ &amp; G. CSORBA &amp; P. J. BATES &amp; E. C. TEELING &amp; H. - U. SCHNITZ- LER" box="[151,225,1813,1839]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 11" part="93" refId="ref15470" refString="THONG, V. D., S. J. PUECHMAILLE, A. DENZINGER, C. DIETZ, G. CSORBA, P. J. BATES, E. C. TEELING, and H. - U. SCHNITZ- LER. 2012 b. A new species of Hipposideros (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Vietnam. Journal of Mammalogy, 93: 1 - 11." title="A new species of Hipposideros (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Vietnam" type="journal article" year="2012">
2012
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF76F8DBFF75831F" box="[210,225,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFF57F8DBFE26831F" author="HAPPOLD, M." bookContentInfo="800 pp." box="[243,434,1813,1839]" editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="367 - 371" refId="ref13058" refString="HAPPOLD, M. 2013 c. Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats. Pp. 367 - 371, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">
Happold, 2013
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFE01F8DBFE26831F" box="[421,434,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). The 2nd lateral leaflet in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFF33F8F8FE808360" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[151,276,1846,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFF33F8F8FE808360" box="[151,276,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extends posteriorly and forms a continuous extension of the posterior leaf (
<figureCitation id="3B912A5CFFDB2E3BFD9AF896FD1C8342" box="[574,648,1880,1906]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,164,1783,1804]" captionTargetBox="[163,1411,1288,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[765,1091,1288,1736]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. Morphological comparisons of the frontal sacs and noseleaves in A — Macronycteris commersonii (FMNH 213588, ♀), Madagascar, Province d’Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ankarana [now Parc National], near Andrafiabe Cave, 31 October 2010; B — M. gigas (FMNH 128212, ♀), Senegal, Casmance, Diabane, 12 km SW of Adeane, 15 January 1983; C — M. vittatus (FMNH 192800, ♀, sequenced for Cyt-b), Tanzania, Pemba Island, Kaskazini Region, Micheweni District, Kilijini Village, 3 August 2006; and D — Doryrhina cyclops (FMNH 164973), Uganda, Masindi District, Budongo Forest, 25 June 1998. The form of M. cryptovalorona is similar to M. commersonii and no comparative specimen material was available for M. thomensis. Drawing by Velizar Simeonovski" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6822116/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Further, this species has a club-shaped process projecting from the posterior portion of the noseleaf, which distinguishes it from all African members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFC25FF1AFBB584DE" box="[897,1057,212,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC25FF1AFBB584DE" box="[897,1057,212,238]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFB7CFF1AFA1184DE" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[1240,1413,212,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB7CFF1AFA1184DE" box="[1240,1413,212,238]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other aspects of the noseleaf of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFB0DFF38FAB28520" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1193,1318,246,272]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB0DFF38FAB28520" box="[1193,1318,246,272]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include: 1) anterior portion is broad and with a club-like structure commencing at anterior margin of lateral leaflet and extending posteriorly to middle portion of noseleaf, internarial septa form relatively large and sculpted structures that partially obscure the deep-set nasal passages, and distinct lappets surrounded the nasal passages; 2) middle portion of noseleaf is absent; 3) posterior portion with a vertical medial septum (that extends as the club-shaped process mentioned above) and two prominent vertical lateral septa on either side of the vertical medial septum, which divide the structure into 6 separate cells, the lateral-most cell merging with the 2nd lateral leaflet, and posterior margin is a thin structure with little expansion. The different aspects of the noseleaf described herein are unique to
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFAB6FCD8FA198700" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[1298,1421,790,816]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFAB6FCD8FA198700" box="[1298,1421,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not found in another genus of the family
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFA9EFCF6FC078744" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hipposideridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFC07FC94FBCA8744" author="ROSEVEAR, D. R." bookContentInfo="418 pp." box="[931,1118,858,884]" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref14852" refString="ROSEVEAR, D. R. 1965. The bats of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 418 pp." title="The bats of West Africa" type="book" year="1965">Rosevear, 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFBCEFC94FAD68744" author="PAYNE, J. &amp; C. M. FRANCIS &amp; K. PHILIPPS" bookContentInfo="332 pp." box="[1130,1346,858,884]" journalOrPublisher="The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref13982" refString="PAYNE, J., C. M. FRANCIS, and K. PHILIPPS. 1985. A field guide to the mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Kota Kinabalu, 332 pp." title="A field guide to the mammals of Borneo" type="book" year="1985">
Payne
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB1EFC94FB7A8744" box="[1210,1262,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
., 1985
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFAEBFC94FC2A87A6" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="568 pp." journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12416" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 a. Mammals of New Guinea. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 568 pp." title="Mammals of New Guinea" type="book" year="1995">
Flannery, 1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC0BFCB2FC2A87A6" box="[943,958,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">a</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFC73FCB2FBB587A6" author="FLANNERY, T." bookContentInfo="464 pp." box="[983,1057,892,918]" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12437" refString="FLANNERY, T. 1995 b. Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 464 pp." title="Mammals of the south-west Pacific and Moluccan islands" type="book" year="1995">
1995
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFBB6FCB2FBB587A6" box="[1042,1057,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">b</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFB9FFCB2FA1C87A6" author="BATES, P. J. J. &amp; D. L. HARRISON" bookContentInfo="258 pp." box="[1083,1416,892,918]" journalOrPublisher="Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref11818" refString="BATES, P. J. J., and D. L. HARRISON. 1997. Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, 258 pp." title="Bats of the Indian Subcontinent" type="book" year="1997">Bates and Harrison, 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFC8DFC50FC408788" author="FRANCIS, C. M." bookContentInfo="392 pp." box="[809,980,926,952]" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref12539" refString="FRANCIS, C. M. 2008. A guide to the mammals of southeast Asia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 392 pp." title="A guide to the mammals of southeast Asia" type="book" year="2008">Francis, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFC4CFC50FA998788" author="MONADJEM, A. &amp; P. J. TAYLOR &amp; F. P. D. COTERILL &amp; M. C. SCHOEMAN" bookContentInfo="596 pp." box="[1000,1293,926,952]" journalOrPublisher="Wits University Press, Johannesburg" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref13742" refString="MONADJEM, A., P. J. TAYLOR, F. P. D. COTERILL, and M. C. SCHOEMAN. 2010. Bats of central and southern Africa: a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis. Wits University Press, Johannesburg, 596 pp." title="Bats of central and southern Africa: a biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis" type="book" year="2010">
Monadjem
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFBD2FC50FB258788" box="[1142,1201,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFA85FC50FCE487EA" author="HAPPOLD, M." bookContentInfo="800 pp." editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="367 - 371" refId="ref13058" refString="HAPPOLD, M. 2013 c. Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats. Pp. 367 - 371, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Genus Hipposideros. Old World leaf-nosed bats." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">
Happold, 2013
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFCC7FC0EFCE487EA" box="[867,880,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). The exception is the African species
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFAE1FC0EFC1887CC" authorityName="Eisentraut" authorityYear="1956" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camerunensis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFAE1FC0EFC1887CC" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">camerunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, apparently closely related to
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFB4BFC2CFCE5802E" authority="(Hill, 1963)" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB4BFC2CFAD387CC" box="[1263,1351,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">cyclops</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFAF3FC2CFCFC802E" author="HILL, J. E." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 129" part="11" refId="ref13158" refString="HILL, J. E. 1963. A revision of the genus Hipposideros. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 11: 1 - 129." title="A revision of the genus Hipposideros" type="journal article" year="1963">Hill, 1963</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Further,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFC40FBCAFBE4802E" author="TATE, G. H. H." box="[996,1136,1028,1054]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="353 - 393" part="73" refId="ref15200" refString="TATE, G. H. H. 1941. Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 35. A review of the genus Hipposideros with special reference to Indo-Australian species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 73: 353 - 393." title="Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 35. A review of the genus Hipposideros with special reference to Indo-Australian species" type="journal article" year="1941">Tate (1941)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFBDBFBCAFA91802E" author="HILL, J. E." box="[1151,1285,1028,1054]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 129" part="11" refId="ref13158" refString="HILL, J. E. 1963. A revision of the genus Hipposideros. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 11: 1 - 129." title="A revision of the genus Hipposideros" type="journal article" year="1963">Hill (1963)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFAE6FBCAFC268070" author="KOOPMAN, K. F." bookContentInfo="217 pp." editor="J. NIETHAMMER &amp; H. SCHLIEMANN &amp; D. STARCK" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter, Berlin" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="100 - 109" refId="ref13354" refString="KOOPMAN, K. F. 1994. Chiroptera: Systematics. Pp. 100 - 109, in Handbuch der Zoologie. Volume VII (J. NIETHAMMER, H. SCHLIEMANN, and D. STARCK, eds.). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, vii + 217 pp." title="Chiroptera: Systematics." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Handbuch der Zoologie. Volume VII" year="1994">Koopman (1994)</bibRefCitation>
based on anatomical characters considered the
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFC00FB86FBBF8052" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[932,1067,1096,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC00FB86FBBF8052" box="[932,1067,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group to be distinct from other groups in this genus and composed of the African species
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFC56FB42FBE18096" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1010,1141,1164,1190]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC56FB42FBE18096" box="[1010,1141,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFB1EFB42FA118096" authorityName="Eisentraut" authorityYear="1956" box="[1210,1413,1164,1190]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camerunensis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB1EFB42FA118096" box="[1210,1413,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. camerunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the Australian-New Guinea species
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFAB2FB60FCC680DA" baseAuthorityName="Thomas &amp; Doria" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscinus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFAB2FB60FCC680DA" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. muscinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFCC4FB1EFC6A80DA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[864,1022,1232,1258]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wollastoni">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFCC4FB1EFC6A80DA" box="[864,1022,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. wollastoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFBA8FB1EFB4280DA" authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="1985" box="[1036,1238,1232,1258]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corynophyllus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFBA8FB1EFB4280DA" box="[1036,1238,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. corynophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFB41FB1EFACF80DA" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1903" box="[1253,1371,1232,1258]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semoni">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB41FB1EFACF80DA" box="[1253,1371,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. semoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFC8DFB3DFC3A813D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[809,942,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenotis">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC8DFB3DFC3A813D" box="[809,942,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. stenotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. With the exception of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFB47FB3DFAAF813D" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1251,1339,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB47FB3DFAAF813D" box="[1251,1339,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these other species are not represented in our molecular dataset and are in need of study to determine if they are best placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFBD3FA97FB668143" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[1143,1266,1369,1395]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFBD3FA97FB668143" box="[1143,1266,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or should be retained in
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFC0AFAB5FBDF81A5" box="[942,1099,1403,1429]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC0AFAB5FBDF81A5" box="[942,1099,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDB2E3CFCF6FA53FF7E84DE" blockId="11.[809,1422,177,1973]" lastBlockId="12.[151,764,177,784]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The separated ears of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFBC4FA53FB4B8187" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1120,1247,1437,1463]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFBC4FA53FB4B8187" box="[1120,1247,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are long, narrow and terminating with pointed tips. The average ear length in this species is
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDB2E3BFB20FA2FFB6581CB" box="[1156,1265,1505,1531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="33.5">33.5 mm</quantity>
(sexes combined,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFCDDF9CDFC1C822D" box="[889,904,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
= 125) (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFC4FF9CDFBE4822D" author="FAHR, J." bookContentInfo="800 pp." box="[1003,1136,1539,1565]" editor="M. HAPPOLD &amp; D. C. D. HAPPOLD" journalOrPublisher="Bloomsbury Publishing, London" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="380 - 383" refId="ref12366" refString="FAHR, J. 2013. Hipposideros cyclops cyclops leaf-nosed bat. Pp. 380 - 383, in Mammals of Africa. Volume IV (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp." title="Hipposideros cyclops cyclops leaf-nosed bat." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mammals of Africa. Volume IV" year="2013">Fahr, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Antitragus not present. Other measurements of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFBE4F9EBFB2F820F" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1088,1211,1573,1599]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFBE4F9EBFB2F820F" box="[1088,1211,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which show sexual dimorphism, include: mean forearm length,
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDB2E3BFAFEF989FCC382B3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.529999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="65.3">65.3 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDB2E3BFCCEF9A7FC0D82B3" box="[874,921,1641,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC03F9A7FC2282B3" box="[935,950,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
= 53) and
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDB2E3BFBE4F9A7FB3F82B3" box="[1088,1195,1641,1667]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.83" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="68.3">68.3 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDB2E3BFB64F9A7FB7F82B3" box="[1216,1259,1641,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB5FF9A7FA9E82B3" box="[1275,1290,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
= 45); tail length,
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDB2E3BFC20F945FC7B8295" box="[900,1007,1675,1701]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="26.5">26.5 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDB2E3BFBA7F945FBA68295" box="[1027,1074,1675,1701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFBE5F945FBC48295" box="[1089,1104,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
= 42) and
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDB2E3BFB7EF945FAD28295" box="[1242,1350,1675,1701]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="29.2">29.2 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDB2E3BFAF8F945FA138295" box="[1372,1415,1675,1701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC8DF963FCAC82F7" box="[809,824,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
= 77); and hindfoot length (with claws),
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDB2E3BFA80F963FA1A82F7" box="[1316,1422,1709,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="19.8">19.8 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDB2E3BFC96F901FCF582D9" box="[818,865,1743,1769]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFCD4F901FCEB82D9" box="[880,895,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
= 41) and
<quantity id="64529B3CFFDB2E3BFBAFF901FBE382D9" box="[1035,1143,1743,1769]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="B5ACFD50FFDB2E3BFB29F901FB2C82D9" box="[1165,1208,1743,1769]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFB6DF901FB4C82D9" box="[1225,1240,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">n</emphasis>
= 73) (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDB2E3BFA92F901FC74833B" author="DECHER, J. &amp; J. FAHR" journalOrPublisher="Mammalian Species" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 7" part="763" refId="ref12091" refString="DECHER, J. and J. FAHR. 2005. Hipposideros cyclops. Mammalian Species, 763: 1 - 7." title="Hipposideros cyclops" type="journal article" year="2005">Decher and Fahr, 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDB2E3BFC50F93FFB5B833B" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1012,1231,1777,1803]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDB2E3BFC50F93FFB5B833B" box="[1012,1231,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Doryrhina cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has dense, long and woolly pelage, on the dorsum generally blackish-brown and often with a frosted tint, while the ventrum is lighter and not frosted. No rufus or orange colour morphs are known. The wing and interfemoral membranes are blackish-brown and skin on forearm, wing digits and tibia are paler reddishbrown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDC2E3CFF65FF38FEFD85CF" blockId="12.[151,764,177,784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The skull of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDC2E3CFEF3FF38FE478520" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[343,467,246,272]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFEF3FF38FE478520" box="[343,467,246,272]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is proportionately large, with a lengthened braincase, and low sagittal crest. The internarial septum is not enlarged. Rostrum is distinctly broad. Zygomatic arches are slender and form the widest portion of the skull. Premaxillae posteriorly wide and in broad contact with the palate. Anterior palatal foramina enclosed. Cochleae greatly expanded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDC2E3CFF65FDC9FE758720" blockId="12.[151,764,177,784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dental formula — premolars 1/2, canines 1/1, premolars 2/2 and molars 3/3. The upper incisors and associated cusps are not well developed. The upper canines lack well-defined cusps, but have distinct cingula. The upper anterior premolar is reduced, visible in lateral view, and in contact with the canine and posterior premolar. Anterior lower premolar is distinctly small.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDC2E3CFF33FCF4FE238764" blockId="12.[151,764,826,1296]" box="[151,439,826,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFF33FCF4FE238764" box="[151,439,826,852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Karyological characters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A31536D9FFDC2E3CFF65FC92FDA58120" blockId="12.[151,764,826,1296]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
On the basis of karyological information from the literature, further evidence can be found to support the resurrection of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDC2E3CFE0AFC6EFDBD878A" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[430,553,928,954]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFE0AFC6EFDBD878A" box="[430,553,928,954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Doryrhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for a species previously placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDC2E3CFE58FC0DFD0D87ED" box="[508,665,963,989]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFE58FC0DFD0D87ED" box="[508,665,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDC2E3CFD0AFC0DFF4187CF" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFD0AFC0DFF4187CF" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDC2E3CFF4AFC2BFE1F87CF" box="[238,395,997,1023]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFF4AFC2BFE1F87CF" box="[238,395,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hipposideros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows extreme karyological conservatism, with nearly all species examined to date possessing a 2
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFE24FBE7FE1B8073" box="[384,399,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
complement of 32 (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDC2E3CFD22FBE7FE9E8055" author="HARADA, M. &amp; M. MINEZAWA &amp; S. TAKADA &amp; S. YENBUTRA &amp; P. NUN- PAKDEE &amp; S. OHTANI" journalOrPublisher="Caryologia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="269 - 278" part="35" refId="ref13111" refString="HARADA, M., M. MINEZAWA, S. TAKADA, S. YENBUTRA, P. NUN- PAKDEE, and S. OHTANI. 1982. Karyological analysis of 12 species of bats from Thailand. Caryologia, 35: 269 - 278." title="Karyological analysis of 12 species of bats from Thailand" type="journal article" year="1982">
Harada
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFD42FBE7FF3A8055" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
., 1982
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDC2E3CFEBAFB85FD908055" author="HOOD, C. S. &amp; D. A. SCHLITTER &amp; J. I. GEORGUDAKI &amp; S. YENBUTRA &amp; R. J. BAKER" box="[286,516,1099,1125]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="99 - 109" part="57" refId="ref13191" refString="HOOD, C. S., D. A. SCHLITTER, J. I. GEORGUDAKI, S. YENBUTRA, and R. J. BAKER. 1988. Chromosomal studies of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Thailand. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 57: 99 - 109." title="Chromosomal studies of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Thailand" type="journal article" year="1988">
Hood
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFECAFB85FE3D8055" box="[366,425,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
., 1988
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDC2E3CFDBCFB85FF4180B7" author="RAUTENBACH, I. &amp; G. BRONNER &amp; D. SCHLITTER" journalOrPublisher="Koedoe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="87 - 104" part="36" refId="ref14661" refString="RAUTENBACH, I., G. BRONNER, and D. SCHLITTER. 1993. Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa. Koedoe, 36: 87 - 104." title="Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa" type="journal article" year="1993">
Rautenbach
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFD16FB85FD798055" box="[690,749,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDC2E3CFF43FBA3FDF380B7" author="BOGDANOWICZ, W. &amp; R. D. OWEN" bookContentInfo="365 pp." box="[231,615,1133,1159]" editor="T. H. KUNZ &amp; P. A. RACEY" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D. C." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="27 - 42" refId="ref11965" refString="BOGDANOWICZ, W., and R. D. OWEN. 1998. In the Minotaur's labyrinth: phylogeny of the bat family Hipposideridae. Pp. 27 - 42, in Bat biology and conservation (T. H. KUNZ and P. A. RACEY, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D. C., 365 pp." title="In the Minotaur's labyrinth: phylogeny of the bat family Hipposideridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Bat biology and conservation" year="1998">Bogdanowicz and Owen, 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDC2E3CFDDDFBA3FEBE8099" author="KOUBINOVA, D. &amp; K. SREEPADA &amp; P. KOUBEK &amp; J. ZIMA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="393 - 400" part="12" refId="ref13408" refString="KOUBINOVA, D., K. SREEPADA, P. KOUBEK, and J. ZIMA. 2010. Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae). Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 393 - 400." title="Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
Koubínová
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFF33FB41FF5B8099" box="[151,207,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). However, in the case of
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDC2E3CFDD0FB41FD608099" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[628,756,1167,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFDD0FB41FD608099" box="[628,756,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. cyclops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFF02FB7CFF2180FC" box="[166,181,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 36 (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDC2E3CFEA7FB7CFD8D80FC" author="KOUBINOVA, D. &amp; K. SREEPADA &amp; P. KOUBEK &amp; J. ZIMA" box="[259,537,1202,1228]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="393 - 400" part="12" refId="ref13408" refString="KOUBINOVA, D., K. SREEPADA, P. KOUBEK, and J. ZIMA. 2010. Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae). Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 393 - 400." title="Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
Koubínová
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFE2BFB7CFE5080FC" box="[399,452,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
), which is also different from
<taxonomicName id="64AA4D5AFFDC2E3CFE83FB1AFE4580DE" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[295,465,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFE83FB1AFE4580DE" box="[295,465,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Macronycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFE54FB1AFE6B80DE" box="[496,511,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">n</emphasis>
= 52 (
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDC2E3CFDF5FB1AFE978120" author="RAUTENBACH, I. &amp; G. BRONNER &amp; D. SCHLITTER" journalOrPublisher="Koedoe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="87 - 104" part="36" refId="ref14661" refString="RAUTENBACH, I., G. BRONNER, and D. SCHLITTER. 1993. Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa. Koedoe, 36: 87 - 104." title="Karyotypic data and attendant systematic implications for the bats of southern Africa" type="journal article" year="1993">
Rautenbach
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFD42FB1AFF3A8120" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
., 1993
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C73B4B28FFDC2E3CFEB4FB38FDB18120" author="KOUBINOVA, D. &amp; K. SREEPADA &amp; P. KOUBEK &amp; J. ZIMA" box="[272,549,1270,1296]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="393 - 400" part="12" refId="ref13408" refString="KOUBINOVA, D., K. SREEPADA, P. KOUBEK, and J. ZIMA. 2010. Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae). Acta Chiropterologica, 12: 393 - 400." title="Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
Koubínová
<emphasis id="91DEEACBFFDC2E3CFE3EFB38FE5A8120" box="[410,462,1270,1296]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

477
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<mods:title>Gerromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Metropolitan Region of Santarem, Brazil, including three new species of Microvelia Westwood, 1834 (Veliidae: Microveliinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>dos Santos, Suzane E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Couceiro, Sheyla R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Moreira, Felipe F. F.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="2B03F77F-08A9-574F-94C4-BF397B1021B8" authority="Westwood, 1834" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microvelia pulchella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">Microvelia pulchella Westwood, 1834</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microvelia pulchella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">Microvelia pulchella</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood, P. O." journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="637 - 653" refId="B7034851" refString="Westwood, P. O., 1834. Memoire sur les genres Xilocoris, Hylophila, Microphysa, Leptopus, Velia, Microvelia et Hebrus; avec quelques observations sur les Amphibicorisae de M. Dufour et sue l'etat imparfait, mais identique de certaines especes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 3: 637 - 653" title="Memoire sur les genres Xilocoris, Hylophila, Microphysa, Leptopus, Velia, Microvelia et Hebrus; avec quelques observations sur les Amphibicorisae de M. Dufour et sue l'etat imparfait, mais identique de certaines especes" volume="3" year="1834">Westwood (1834)</bibRefCitation>
: pl. VI, fig. 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Velia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Velia (Microvelia) pulchella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella" subGenus="Microvelia">Velia (Microvelia) pulchella</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Westwood, P. O." journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="637 - 653" refId="B7034851" refString="Westwood, P. O., 1834. Memoire sur les genres Xilocoris, Hylophila, Microphysa, Leptopus, Velia, Microvelia et Hebrus; avec quelques observations sur les Amphibicorisae de M. Dufour et sue l'etat imparfait, mais identique de certaines especes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 3: 637 - 653" title="Memoire sur les genres Xilocoris, Hylophila, Microphysa, Leptopus, Velia, Microvelia et Hebrus; avec quelques observations sur les Amphibicorisae de M. Dufour et sue l'etat imparfait, mais identique de certaines especes" volume="3" year="1834">Westwood (1834)</bibRefCitation>
: 647.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Hydroessa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydroessa pulchella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">Hydroessa pulchella</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Herrich-Schaeffer, G. A. W." journalOrPublisher="C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nuernberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" refId="B7034149" refString="Herrich-Schaeffer, G. A.W., 1842. Die wanzenartigen Insecten. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Sechster Band. C.H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nuernberg" title="Die wanzenartigen Insecten. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Sechster Band" year="1842">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
(1842)
</bibRefCitation>
: 37, pl. CXCIII, fig. 595.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microvelia pulchella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchella">Microvelia pulchella</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Amyot, C. J. B." journalOrPublisher="Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" refId="B7033694" refString="Amyot, C. J.B., Audinet-Serville, J. G., 1843. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris" title="Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres" year="1843">Amyot and Audinet-Serville (1843)</bibRefCitation>
: 422.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microvelia capitata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitata">Microvelia capitata</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Guerin-Meneville, F. E." journalOrPublisher="Arthus Bertrand, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" refId="B7034118" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E., 1857. Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de L'Ile de Cuba. Arthus Bertrand, Paris" title="Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de L'Ile de Cuba" year="1857">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Ménéville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
(1857)
</bibRefCitation>
: 417 (syn. by
<bibRefCitation author="Drake, C. J." journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="95 - 115" refId="B7034000" refString="Drake, C. J., Hussey, R. F., 1955. Concerning the genus Microvelia Westwood, with descriptions of two new species and a check-list of the American forms (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Florida Entomologist 38 (3): 95 - 115" title="Concerning the genus Microvelia Westwood, with descriptions of two new species and a check-list of the American forms (Hemiptera: Veliidae)" volume="38" year="1955">Drake and Hussey 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 104;
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, C. L." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="56 - 68" refId="B7034754" refString="Smith, C. L., Polhemus, J. T., 1978. The Veliidae (Heteroptera) of America, North of Mexico. Keys and check list. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 80 (1): 56 - 68" title="The Veliidae (Heteroptera) of America, North of Mexico. Keys and check list" volume="80" year="1978">Smith and Polhemus 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 65).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Rhagovelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhagovelia incerta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">Rhagovelia incerta</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Kirby, W. F." journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="530 - 548" refId="B7034248" refString="Kirby, W. F., 1890. Notes on the zoology of Fernando Noronha. Insecta, excepting Coleoptera. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology 20: 530 - 548" title="Notes on the zoology of Fernando Noronha. Insecta, excepting Coleoptera" volume="20" year="1890">Kirby (1890)</bibRefCitation>
: 548 (syn. by
<bibRefCitation author="Polhemus, J. T." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the California Insect Survey" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="58 - 69" refId="B7034622" refString="Polhemus, J. T., Chapman, H. C., 1979. The semiaquatic and aquatic Hemiptera of California (Heteroptera: Hemiptera). Family Gerridae: water striders, pond skaters, wherrymen. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 21: 58 - 69" title="The semiaquatic and aquatic Hemiptera of California (Heteroptera: Hemiptera). Family Gerridae: water striders, pond skaters, wherrymen" volume="21" year="1979">Polhemus and Chapman 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 53).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microvelia robusta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">Microvelia robusta</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Uhler, P. R." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="167 - 224" refId="B7034825" refString="Uhler, P. R., 1894. On the Hemiptera - Heteroptera of the Island of Grenada, West Indies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 167 - 224" title="On the Hemiptera - Heteroptera of the Island of Grenada, West Indies" volume="1894" year="1894">Uhler (1894)</bibRefCitation>
: 219 (syn. by
<bibRefCitation author="Drake, C. J." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="219 - 222" refId="B7034027" refString="Drake, C. J., Maldonado-Capriles, J., 1954. Puerto Rican water-striders (Hemiptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 67: 219 - 222" title="Puerto Rican water-striders (Hemiptera)" volume="67" year="1954">Drake and Maldonado-Capriles 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 219).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Uhler" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microvelia marginata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Microvelia marginata</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Uhler, P. R." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="167 - 224" refId="B7034825" refString="Uhler, P. R., 1894. On the Hemiptera - Heteroptera of the Island of Grenada, West Indies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 167 - 224" title="On the Hemiptera - Heteroptera of the Island of Grenada, West Indies" volume="1894" year="1894">Uhler (1894)</bibRefCitation>
: 219;
<bibRefCitation author="Kirkaldy, G. W." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="173 - 213" refId="B7034257" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W., Torre-Bueno, J. R., 1909. A catalogue of American aquatic and semi aquatic Hemiptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 10: 173 - 213" title="A catalogue of American aquatic and semi aquatic Hemiptera" volume="10" year="1909">Kirkaldy and Torre-Bueno (1909)</bibRefCitation>
: 207;
<bibRefCitation author="Torre-Bueno, J. R." journalOrPublisher="MacCrellish &amp; Quigley, Trenton" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" refId="B7034763" refString="Torre-Bueno, J. R., 1910. Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a report of the insects of New Jersey. MacCrellish &amp; Quigley, Trenton" title="Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a report of the insects of New Jersey" year="1910">Torre-Bueno (1910)</bibRefCitation>
: 150;
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N." journalOrPublisher="American Entomological Society, Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" refId="B7033764" refString="Banks, N., 1910. Catalogue of the Nearctic Hemiptera-Heteroptera. American Entomological Society, Philadelphia" title="Catalogue of the Nearctic Hemiptera-Heteroptera" year="1910">Banks (1910)</bibRefCitation>
: 27;
<bibRefCitation author="Barber, H. G." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="495 - 535" refId="B7033772" refString="Barber, H. G., 1914. Insects of Florida. II. Hemiptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 33: 495 - 535" title="Insects of Florida. II. Hemiptera" volume="33" year="1914">Barber (1914)</bibRefCitation>
: 500;
<bibRefCitation author="Van Duzee, E. P." journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" refId="B7034843" refString="Van Duzee, E. P., 1917. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae" year="1917">Van Duzee (1917)</bibRefCitation>
: 433;
<bibRefCitation author="Hungerford, H. B." journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B7034157" refString="Hungerford, H. B., 1920. The biology and ecology of aquatic Hemiptera. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 11: 1 - 341" title="The biology and ecology of aquatic Hemiptera" volume="11" year="1920">Hungerford (1920)</bibRefCitation>
: 127 (partim; misidentification).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microvelia boreale" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">Microvelia boreale</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Torre-Bueno, J. R." journalOrPublisher="MacCrellish &amp; Quigley, Trenton" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" refId="B7034763" refString="Torre-Bueno, J. R., 1910. Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a report of the insects of New Jersey. MacCrellish &amp; Quigley, Trenton" title="Annual report of the New Jersey State Museum, including a report of the insects of New Jersey" year="1910">Torre-Bueno (1910)</bibRefCitation>
: 150 (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">nomen nudum</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Torre-Bueno" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Veliidae" genus="Microvelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microvelia borealis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">Microvelia borealis</taxonomicName>
- see
<bibRefCitation author="Torre-Bueno, J. R." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="52 - 61" refId="B7034785" refString="Torre-Bueno, J. R., 1916. The Veliinae of the Atlantic states. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 11: 52 - 61" title="The Veliinae of the Atlantic states" volume="11" year="1916">Torre-Bueno (1916)</bibRefCitation>
: 59 (syn. by
<bibRefCitation author="Drake, C. J." journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" pagination="95 - 115" refId="B7034000" refString="Drake, C. J., Hussey, R. F., 1955. Concerning the genus Microvelia Westwood, with descriptions of two new species and a check-list of the American forms (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Florida Entomologist 38 (3): 95 - 115" title="Concerning the genus Microvelia Westwood, with descriptions of two new species and a check-list of the American forms (Hemiptera: Veliidae)" volume="38" year="1955">Drake and Hussey 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 104).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-10-02" collectorName="S. E. Santos, Mojui dos Campos, Igarape Mojui dos Caboclos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7008333" location="Igarape Mojui dos Caboclos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.683613" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-10-02" collectorName="S. E. Santos, Mojui dos Campos, Igarape Mojui dos Caboclos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7008333" location="Igarape Mojui dos Caboclos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.683613" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">S.E. Santos</collectorName>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">8 macropterous?, 4 macropterous?</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
; municipality:
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mojuí">Mojui</normalizedToken>
dos Campos
</collectorName>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B03F77F08A9574F94C4BF397B1021B8:F099B0D653937604B50D168F3A77AB36" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7008333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.683613" name="Igarape Mojui dos Caboclos" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" stateProvince="Para">
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mojuí">Mojui</normalizedToken>
dos Caboclos
</collectorName>
</location>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.0" value="-2.7008333">02°42'03.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="01.0" value="-54.683613">54°41'01.0&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Event:</emphasis>
verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" value="2020-10-02">02.X.2020</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionCode: LETIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02-10" collectorName="S. E. Santos, Mojui dos Campos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7191944" location="Igarape Terra Preta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.672417" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02-10" collectorName="S. E. Santos, Mojui dos Campos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7191944" location="Igarape Terra Preta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.672417" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">S.E. Santos</collectorName>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">1 macropterous?, 3 macropterous?</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
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<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
; municipality:
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mojuí">Mojui</normalizedToken>
dos Campos
</collectorName>
; locality:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
Terra Preta
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; verbatimLatitude:
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; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.7" value="-54.672417">54°40'20.7&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Event:</emphasis>
verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" value="2020-02-10">10.II.2020</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionCode: LETIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02-24" collectorName="S. E. Santos, Mojui dos Campos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7191944" location="Igarape Terra Preta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.672417" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02-24" collectorName="S. E. Santos, Mojui dos Campos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7191944" location="Igarape Terra Preta" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.672417" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">S.E. Santos</collectorName>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">1 macropterous?, 1 macropterous?</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
; municipality:
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mojuí">Mojui</normalizedToken>
dos Campos
</collectorName>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B03F77F08A9574F94C4BF397B1021B8:A779F4B3D9098C6915D03698BFDB2C01" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7191944" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.672417" name="Igarape Terra Preta" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" stateProvince="Para">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
Terra Preta
</location>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="09.1" value="-2.7191944">02°43'09.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.7" value="-54.672417">54°40'20.7&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Event:</emphasis>
verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" value="2020-02-24">24.II.2020</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionCode: LETIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-03-06" collectorName="S. E. Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7738612" location="Igarape Guarana" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.389057" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-03-06" collectorName="S. E. Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7738612" location="Igarape Guarana" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.389057" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">S.E. Santos</collectorName>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">1 macropterous?, 1 macropterous?</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
; municipality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santarém">Santarem</normalizedToken>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B03F77F08A9574F94C4BF397B1021B8:4DCDBBD7C3265C5117671757D4C5E79A" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.7738612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.389057" name="Igarape Guarana" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" stateProvince="Para">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guaraná">Guarana</normalizedToken>
</location>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="25.9" value="-2.7738612">02°46'25.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.6" value="-54.389057">54°23'20.6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Event:</emphasis>
verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" value="2020-03-06">06.III.2020</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionCode: LETIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-10-10" collectorName="S. E. Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.5716388" location="Igarape Jatoba" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.86022" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-10-10" collectorName="S. E. Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.5716388" location="Igarape Jatoba" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.86022" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">S.E. Santos</collectorName>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">2 apterous?, 15 macropterous?, 18 macropterous?</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
; municipality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santarém">Santarem</normalizedToken>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B03F77F08A9574F94C4BF397B1021B8:2CF85583190BDD84BFA24AD253A00384" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.5716388" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.86022" name="Igarape Jatoba" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" stateProvince="Para">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jatobá">Jatoba</normalizedToken>
</location>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.9" value="-2.5716388">02°34'17.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="36.8" value="-54.86022">54°51'36.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Event:</emphasis>
verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" value="2020-10-10">10.X.2020</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionCode: LETIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-04-10" collectorName="S. E. Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.4590557" location="Para" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.746777" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-04-10" collectorName="S. E. Santos" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.4590557" location="Para" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.746777" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">S.E. Santos</collectorName>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">39 macropterous?, 34 macropterous?</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
; municipality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santarém">Santarem</normalizedToken>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="32.6" value="-2.4590557">02°27'32.6&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.4" value="-54.746777">54°44'48.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Event:</emphasis>
verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" value="2020-04-10">10.IV.2020</collectingDate>
; habitat: puddle;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionCode: LETIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02-18" collectorName="E. C. Oliveira" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.4245834" location="Lago Mapiri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.746582" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-02-18" collectorName="E. C. Oliveira" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.4245834" location="Lago Mapiri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.746582" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Occurrence:</emphasis>
recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">E.C. Oliveira</collectorName>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">1 apterous?</specimenType>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Para">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
; municipality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santarém">Santarem</normalizedToken>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B03F77F08A9574F94C4BF397B1021B8:570C23D64612FC49AD203E23C42CC4AF" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.4245834" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.746582" name="Lago Mapiri" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" stateProvince="Para">Lago Mapiri</location>
; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="28.5" value="-2.4245834">02°25'28.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.7" value="-54.746582">54°44'47.7&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Event:</emphasis>
verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" value="2020-02-18">18.II.2020</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: PhysicalObject; institutionCode: LETIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
Alaska, Anguilla, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bonaire, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
, Pernambuco,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina,
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, Sergipe), Canada, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Klein Bonaire, Klein
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curaçao">Curacao</normalizedToken>
, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saba, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Martin, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, U.S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela (
<bibRefCitation author="Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" refId="B7034379" refString="Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Veliidae, in Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/1596 2021-04-30T00:00:00+03:00" year="2018">Moreira 2021e</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">First records from the study area.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="68567" type="photographs">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">Photographs</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">
Fig.
<figureCitation captionStartId="F7075539" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStartId="F7075547" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F7075548" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStartId="F7075549" pageId="0" pageNumber="68567">f</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>