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<mods:title id="948500AA1F4D41314D5DCDA7E797918E">An overview of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest species of Pachythone Bates (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), with the description of a new species and an updated checklist of Pachythonina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D11D3809B6D0067F1D591E26365E96C">Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B590D992DDD659031346970ED6CA6C39">Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19020, 81.531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A1B5B9FEBCE96FC6CE893CCC1C444BF9">Dias, Fernando Maia Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28703F2B36BA749BCE3D1859DA4F7864">Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19020, 81.531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, 86.057 - 970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A36F2E55D69636D50D1C0A9D04B050EB">Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7FF150A6639F35042ECCA29E7007224">Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="82F9C70D963B0E321B6C4CE38F47689D">Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19020, 81.531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FF09FE51314845FF" ID-CoL="4BVPL" authority="Hewitson, 1873" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,592,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades" status="syn. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FF09FE51329145FE" bold="true" box="[151,393,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pachythone palades</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FE0FFE51314845FF" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[401,592,438,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson, 1873</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5F2FE2DFFAEFFE1FDC9FE5031A645FE" box="[599,702,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">syn. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B4AFCCCFFFAEFFE1FF09FE3C325B45DA" box="[151,323,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAEFFE1FF09FE3C325B45DA" blockId="4.[151,702,438,501]" box="[151,323,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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(
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<figureCitation id="648E83C1FFAEFFE1FF01FE3C320A45DA" box="[159,274,475,501]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 7–12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13–16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 17" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1374,1398]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1182,1206]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1132,1156]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1422,189,1343]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1435,249,1151]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,181,1108]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@5.[158,1430,181,1350]" captionTargetId-1="figure-62@6.[151,1435,237,1159]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@7.[151,1435,181,1108]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 7–12. Pachythone species endemics from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. 7–12. P. palades: 7–8, female lectotype; 9–10, female paralectotype. P. pasicles: 11–12, male lectotype.All specimens are from Espírito Santo and are deposited at the NHMUK. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURES 13–16. Original illustration of Pachythone palades (Figs 13–14) and P. pasicles (Figs 15–16) (adapted). 13–14. P. palades: female, dorsal view of the variety and dorsal view of the usual form. 15–16. P. pasicles: male, ventral view and dorsal view of the male (regarded as a female)." captionText-2="FIGURE 17. Pachythone pasicles, female recorded from Reserva Vale, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil at July 31, 2022 (Agustinho 2024)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13933808" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13933814" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13933820" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13933808/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13933814/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13933820/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Figs 7–17</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="648E83C1FFAEFFE1FE80FE3C322345DA" box="[286,315,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,669,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-253@9.[151,1435,669,1801]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 23. Distribution map of the species of Pachythone endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13933824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13933824/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">23</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B4AFCCCFFFAEFFE1FF09FDC5322243F2" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAEFFE1FF09FDC53162478A" blockId="4.[151,1437,546,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FF09FDC532074613" bold="true" box="[151,287,546,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Comments.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FEBAFDC432F84612" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[292,480,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson (1873)</bibRefCitation>
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||||
described both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FD12FDC431E54612" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[652,765,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FD12FDC431E54612" box="[652,765,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FCAEFDC430BC4612" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[816,932,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FCAEFDC430BC4612" box="[816,932,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
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<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFAEFFE1FC7BFDC437A64612" box="[997,1214,547,573]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="84A2DFD4FFAEFFE1FB59FDC436174612" box="[1223,1295,547,573]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FA86FDC433F6464E" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FA86FDC433F6464E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pachythone palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is described in page [69], based on an unknown number of female specimens, even though
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FA96FDA03684464E" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[1288,1436,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8394" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1879) Catalogue of the collection of diurnal Lepidoptera formed by the late William Chapman Hewitson of Oatlands, Walton-on-Thames; and bequeathed by him to the British Museum. John Van Voorst, London, iv + 246 pp." type="book" year="1879">Kirby (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
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mentioned
|
||||
<specimenCount id="EAB354CDFFAEFFE1FE8CFD8C32A046AA" box="[274,440,619,645]" count="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
in Hewitson’s collection. Two different females were illustrated in the original description, one representing the assumed “usual color” (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FDE0FD6830254686" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[638,829,655,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson (1873)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pl. [37], fig. 2) and other a “variety” (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FB47FD68368F4686" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[1241,1431,655,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson (1873)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pl. [37], fig. 1).
|
||||
<specimenCount id="EAB354CDFFAEFFE1FED4FD5432D646E2" box="[330,462,691,717]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="female">Two female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAEFFE1FE4BFD54312246E2" box="[469,570,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
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, deposited at the NHMUK, match the original description and illustrations of
|
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<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FF09FD30321246DE" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,266,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
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<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FF09FD30321246DE" box="[151,266,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FE86FD3032CD46DE" author="D'Abrera, B. L." box="[280,469,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" pagination="879 - 1096" refId="ref7278" refString="D'Abrera, B. L. (1994) Butterflies of the Neotropical Region. Part VI. Riodinidae. Black Rock, Hill House, Victoria, viii + 218 pp. [pp. i - viii + 879 - 1096]" type="book chapter" year="1994">D’Abrera (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
wrongly assumed that the
|
||||
<specimenCount id="EAB354CDFFAEFFE1FC9AFD30306746DE" box="[772,895,727,753]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAEFFE1FC19FD3030C646DE" box="[903,990,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||||
representing the “variety” was the only type specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FEFEFD1C32CC473A" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[352,468,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FEFEFD1C32CC473A" box="[352,468,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
deposited at the NHMUK. He overlooked the label that explicitly identifies the other female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAEFFE1FF72FCF8325B4716" box="[236,323,799,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FEF3FCF832F94716" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[365,481,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FEF3FCF832F94716" box="[365,481,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, wrongly recognizing it as a female type of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FC7FFCF837414716" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[993,1113,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FC7FFCF837414716" box="[993,1113,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The marked pattern of fine lines of orange scales on both wings surfaces of the “variety” of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FCECFCA430FD4772" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[882,997,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FCECFCA430FD4772" box="[882,997,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the only character that distinguishes it from its “usual color”. Similar intraspecific variation is also observed in other species of the genus, as in females of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FF28FC6C32F8478A" authority="Stichel, 1926" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1926" box="[182,480,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FF28FC6C325B478B" box="[182,323,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. conspersa</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FED4FC6C32F8478A" author="Stichel, H. F. E. J." box="[330,480,907,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" pagination="81 - 101" refId="ref9056" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1926) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Riodinidenfauna Sudamerikas (Lep.). IX. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 1926 (2), 81 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48019260202" type="journal article" year="1926">Stichel, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, for example.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAEFFE1FF59FC4832724076" blockId="4.[151,1437,546,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
On page [70],
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FEF2FC48313147E6" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[364,553,943,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson (1873)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described a second species,
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FCF1FC4830F447E6" box="[879,1004,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FCF1FC4830F047E6" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[879,1000,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">P. pasicles</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
also based on an unknown number of male and female specimens;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FE7FFC34316E47C2" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[481,630,979,1005]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8394" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1879) Catalogue of the collection of diurnal Lepidoptera formed by the late William Chapman Hewitson of Oatlands, Walton-on-Thames; and bequeathed by him to the British Museum. John Van Voorst, London, iv + 246 pp." type="book" year="1879">Kirby (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
mentioned
|
||||
<specimenCount id="EAB354CDFFAEFFE1FD60FC3430BD47C2" box="[766,933,979,1005]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
in Hewitson’s collection. The description is said to be based on the female specimen, and the male is only mentioned briefly, indicating that it differs from the female only in its smaller size. However, apparently all specimens used by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FC6DFBFC37A9401A" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[1011,1201,1051,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson (1873)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in the description
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FA16FBFC33E94076" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FA16FBFC33E94076" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are males.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAEFFE1FF59FB8436224202" blockId="4.[151,1437,546,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
The study of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAEFFE1FE1EFB8432A84052" box="[384,432,1123,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
series of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FD87FB8431934052" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[537,651,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FD87FB8431934052" box="[537,651,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FD21FB84302B4052" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[703,819,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FD21FB84302B4052" box="[703,819,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reveals that the dark brown dots and spots on the dorsal and ventral fore and hind wings are virtually identical in both species. It is likely that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FBE8FB6037F2408E" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1142,1258,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FBE8FB6037F2408E" box="[1142,1258,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FABBFB603684408E" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1317,1436,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FABBFB603684408E" box="[1317,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are sympatric, based on the known distribution of the species. Additionally,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FC6EFB4C377B40EA" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1008,1123,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FC6EFB4C377B40EA" box="[1008,1123,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is only known from female specimens and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FEDDFB2832A140C6" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[323,441,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FEDDFB2832A140C6" box="[323,441,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from male specimens. Considering this evidence, these names most possibly represent a single species. Even though
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FE48FB1431514122" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[470,585,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FE48FB1431514122" box="[470,585,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described on page [69] and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FC25FB1437294122" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[955,1073,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FC25FB1437294122" box="[955,1073,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
on page [70], both species were illustrated together earlier, in plate [37]. These pages and plates are assumed to have been published in the same volume and number, on
|
||||
<date id="880BB984FFAEFFE1FE2CFADC3174417A" box="[434,620,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="1873-01-01">
|
||||
January 1
|
||||
<superScript id="0BC0320CFFAEFFE1FDBFFADC31344166" attach="left" box="[545,556,1339,1353]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">st</superScript>
|
||||
1873
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, however,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FD74FADC3091417A" author="Lamas, G." box="[746,905,1339,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8509" refString="Lamas, G. (2023) Bibliography of Butterflies. An Annotated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skippers (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Revised Electronic Edition. Available from: https: // www. butterfliesofamerica. com / L / Neotropical. htm (accessed 22 December 2023)" type="url" year="2023">Lamas (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
assumes it had been published on
|
||||
<date id="880BB984FFAEFFE1FABFFADC33CA4156" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="1873-01-08">
|
||||
January 8
|
||||
<superScript id="0BC0320CFFAEFFE1FA0EFADD36854167" attach="none" box="[1424,1437,1338,1352]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">th</superScript>
|
||||
1873
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
. As pages and plates within a publication are considered to have been published on the same date, the Principle of the First Reviser (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FE14FA64310B41B2" author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[394,531,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8232" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Art. 24.2.1) is invoked to select
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FC05FA64379B41B2" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[923,1155,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FC05FA64379B41B2" box="[923,1155,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pachythone pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the senior subjective synonym and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FEA7FA4032B641EE" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[313,430,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FEA7FA4032B641EE" box="[313,430,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as its junior subjective synonym (
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FCA3FA4030B041EE" bold="true" box="[829,936,1447,1473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FC5FFA4037B141EE" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[961,1193,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FC5FFA4037B141EE" box="[961,1193,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pachythone pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described based on male specimens, and since males tend to have more informative characters than females and females tend to be similar and more easily confused between species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FD7DFA08307F4226" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1868" box="[739,871,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FD7DFA08307F4226" box="[739,871,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pachythone</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the selection of a species described based on male specimens will best serve stability and universality of nomenclature (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FC03F9F4373A4202" author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[925,1058,1555,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref8232" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Recommendation 24A).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAEFFE1FF59F9D0374F42CE" blockId="4.[151,1437,546,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FF59F9D032B6427E" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[199,430,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FF59F9D032B6427E" box="[199,430,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pachythone pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is rare and, as far as known, not represented in any major Brazilian collections. Several collecting trips conducted in various habitats in
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFAEFFE1FD20F9BC3086425A" box="[702,926,1627,1653]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, including low-elevation hilltops, yielded no specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FEACF99832B042B6" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[306,424,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FEACF99832B042B6" box="[306,424,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, a female identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FCBAF998308242B6" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[804,922,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FCBAF998308242B6" box="[804,922,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was recently recorded at the Reserva Vale, in Linhares, north of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFAEFFE1FEF2F94431084292" box="[364,528,1699,1725]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="84A2DFD4FFAEFFE1FD82F94431784292" box="[540,608,1699,1725]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
on
|
||||
<date id="880BB984FFAEFFE1FD10F94430334292" box="[654,811,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" value="2022-07-31">July 31, 2022</date>
|
||||
, by Ítalo dos Santos Agustinho (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FB00F944364F4292" author="Agustinho, S. I." box="[1182,1367,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refId="ref6940" refString="Agustinho, S. I. (2024) Pachythone pasicles. Available from: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 134320460 (accessed 9 March 2024)" type="url" year="2024">Agustinho 2024</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="648E83C1FFAEFFE1FAF1F94433AD42CE" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1132,1156]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[151,1435,181,1108]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pachythone pasicles, female recorded from Reserva Vale, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil at July 31, 2022 (Agustinho 2024)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13933820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13933820/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
), suggesting the tableland forests north of Doce river as the species typical habitat.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAEFFE1FF59F90C322243F2" blockId="4.[151,1437,546,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FF59F90C32D1432A" authorityName="Gallard & Fernandez" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,457,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crepusculi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FF59F90C32D1432A" box="[199,457,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Pachythone crepusculi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, recently described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FD4BF90C3702432A" author="Gallard, J. - Y. & Fernandez, S." box="[725,1050,1771,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" pagination="429 - 436" refId="ref7897" refString="Gallard, J. - Y. & Fernandez, S. (2017) Des postes territoriaux des Riodinides en Guyane: decouverte de deux nouvelles especes (Lepidoptera; Riodinidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 122 (4), 429 - 436. https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1992" type="journal article" year="2017">Gallard & Fernandez (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
based on specimens from French
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="84A2DFD4FFAEFFE1FF09F8E833E94306" box="[151,241,1807,1833]" name="Guyana" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, is remarkably similar to the Atlantic Forest endemic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FCC5F8E830CB4306" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[859,979,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FCC5F8E830CB4306" box="[859,979,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAEFFE1FBC6F8E836844306" author="Gallard, J. - Y. & Fernandez, S." box="[1112,1436,1807,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" pagination="429 - 436" refId="ref7897" refString="Gallard, J. - Y. & Fernandez, S. (2017) Des postes territoriaux des Riodinides en Guyane: decouverte de deux nouvelles especes (Lepidoptera; Riodinidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France, 122 (4), 429 - 436. https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1992" type="journal article" year="2017">Gallard & Fernandez (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
note that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FF61F8D432964362" authorityName="Gallard & Fernandez" authorityYear="2017" box="[255,398,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crepusculi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FF61F8D432964362" box="[255,398,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. crepusculi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is smaller than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FDA0F8D431AB4362" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[574,691,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FDA0F8D431AB4362" box="[574,691,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with more rounded wings (margins straighter and apex somewhat pointed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FE88F8B03288435E" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[278,400,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FE88F8B03288435E" box="[278,400,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), more marked spots, and wider submarginal bands in the underside of the wings (spots duller and bands narrower in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FE7FF89C314E43BA" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[481,598,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FE7FF89C314E43BA" box="[481,598,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), the postdiscal band along the outer margin on the hind wing underside is somewhat angled (band smoothly curved in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FD10F878301D4396" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[654,773,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FD10F878301D4396" box="[654,773,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and the fringes have three white spots (uniformly brown in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAEFFE1FF2AF824323143F2" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[180,297,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAEFFE1FF2AF824323143F2" box="[180,297,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="A8CACFCCFFAFFFE0FF09FAB9302C4191" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13933808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13933808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13933808/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" startId="5.[151,264,1374,1398]" targetBox="[166,1422,189,1343]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAFFFE0FF09FAB9302C4191" blockId="5.[151,1437,1374,1470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FF09FAB932524159" bold="true" box="[151,330,1374,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">FIGURES 7–12.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FECCFAB931034159" box="[338,539,1374,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FECCFAB932D24159" box="[338,458,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Pachythone</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
endemics from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. 7–12.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FF48FA64322641B5" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[214,318,1410,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FF48FA64322641B5" box="[214,318,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">P. palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 7–8, female lectotype; 9–10, female paralectotype.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FCCEFA6430A241B5" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[848,954,1410,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FCCEFA6430A241B5" box="[848,954,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">P. pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 11–12, male lectotype. All specimens are from Espírito Santo and are deposited at the NHMUK. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B4AFCCCFFFAFFFE0FF59F9E1369B43DC" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAFFFE0FF59F9E1369542D8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1541,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FF59F9E1326C4230" bold="true" box="[199,372,1541,1568]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FEE5F9E231444230" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[379,604,1541,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FEE5F9E231444230" box="[379,604,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Pachythone palades</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described based on at least
|
||||
<specimenCount id="EAB354CDFFAFFFE0FC5DF9E137274230" box="[963,1087,1541,1568]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
|
||||
specimens from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFAFFFE0FB63F9E233D5426B" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="84A2DFD4FFAFFFE0FF49F9CE3207426C" box="[215,287,1577,1603]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="EAB354CDFFAFFFE0FEB9F9CD32B2426C" box="[295,426,1577,1604]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="female">Two female</specimenCount>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FE2EF9CD310A426B" box="[432,530,1578,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
are deposited at the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9AA40781FFAFFFE0FD6FF9CD3047426B" box="[753,863,1578,1604]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||||
. The female specimen regarded by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAFFFE0FB7FF9CE3684426B" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[1249,1436,1577,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson (1873)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as of the “usual color” (
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FE3CF9A932DD4248" box="[418,453,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||||
typical) is here designated
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FD66F9AA307A4248" box="[760,866,1613,1639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, to ensure stability and the correct identification of the name, bearing the following labels: / Type/
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFAFFFE0FD34F996305242A3" box="[682,842,1649,1676]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Espirito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
[,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="84A2DFD4FFAFFFE0FCF7F99630A842A4" box="[873,944,1649,1675]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
] Hewitson Coll. 79-69.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FB20F996368442A4" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1214,1436,1649,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">Pachythone palades</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2/
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9AA40781FFAFFFE0FF26F971323A429F" box="[184,290,1686,1712]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||||
010247232/. The following labels will be added to the specimen: /
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FBDBF97137EF429F" box="[1093,1271,1686,1712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FA94F9713662429F" box="[1290,1402,1686,1712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FF09F95E373C42FC" authority="Hewitson, (1873) Dolibaina, Dias, O. Mielke & Casagrande" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,1060,1721,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palades">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FF09F95E326242FC" box="[151,378,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Pachythone palades</emphasis>
|
||||
Hewitson, (1873) Dolibaina, Dias, O. Mielke & Casagrande
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
des. 2024/. The female specimen regarded by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAFFFE0FEBDF93A32F842D7" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[291,480,1757,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson (1873)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as the “variety” is here designated as
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FC14F93A373942D8" box="[906,1057,1757,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
and will be labeled accordingly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFAFFFE0FF59F8E6369B43DC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1541,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FF59F8E632B44334" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[199,428,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FF59F8E632B44334" box="[199,428,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Pachythone pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by
|
||||
<location id="F96AC99FFFAFFFE0FDE7F8E631FF4334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:741C2E52FFAEFFE3FF09FE51374444FA:F96AC99FFFAFFFE0FDE7F8E631FF4334" box="[633,743,1793,1819]" country="Brazil" name="Hewitson" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Hewitson</location>
|
||||
, (1873) from at least
|
||||
<specimenCount id="EAB354CDFFAFFFE0FC4AF8E537614334" box="[980,1145,1793,1820]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFAFFFE0FB22F8E636804333" box="[1212,1432,1793,1820]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="84A2DFD4FFAFFFE0FF09F8C233C74310" box="[151,223,1829,1855]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="EAB354CDFFAFFFE0FF77F8C132404310" box="[233,344,1829,1856]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="male">Two male</specimenCount>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FEC1F8C132DC436F" box="[351,452,1830,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
, one of them erroneously regarded as a female by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9824E2B5FFAFFFE0FC66F8C237AF436F" author="Hewitson, W. C." box="[1016,1207,1829,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" refId="ref8175" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1873) Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. By William C. Hewitson. Selected Chiefly from his own Collection. 5 (85). John Van Voorst, London, pp. [69] - [70], pl. [37]." type="journal volume" year="1873">Hewitson (1873)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, are deposited at the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9AA40781FFAFFFE0FF09F8AD321D434B" box="[151,261,1866,1892]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectorName id="5140FA92FFAFFFE0FE8EF8AD3227434B" box="[272,319,1866,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">One</collectorName>
|
||||
of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FE0EF8AD32EA434B" box="[400,498,1866,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
is here designated
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FD53F8AE302C434C" box="[717,820,1865,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
to ensure stability and the correct identification of the name and has the following labels: /
|
||||
<collectorName id="5140FA92FFAFFFE0FDDAF889316343A7" box="[580,635,1902,1928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Type</collectorName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFAFFFE0FD12F88A303743A7" box="[652,815,1901,1928]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Espirito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
[,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="84A2DFD4FFAFFFE0FCCCF88A308143A8" box="[850,921,1901,1927]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<collectorName id="5140FA92FFAFFFE0FC37F88A374E43A8" box="[937,1110,1901,1927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Hewitson Coll.</collectorName>
|
||||
79-69.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FB2EF88A368143A8" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" box="[1200,1433,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">Pachythone pasicles</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. 2./ B.M.(N.H.)
|
||||
<collectorName id="5140FA92FFAFFFE0FED5F87631484383" box="[331,592,1937,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Rhopalocera Slide No.</collectorName>
|
||||
29882/
|
||||
<specimenCode id="AC13373FFFAFFFE0FD2FF87530BE4383" box="[689,934,1938,1964]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">NHMUK 010247231</specimenCode>
|
||||
/.
|
||||
<collectorName id="5140FA92FFAFFFE0FC25F87630FF4384" box="[955,999,1937,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">The</collectorName>
|
||||
following labels will be added to the specimen: /
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FEBAF85132CE43FF" box="[292,470,1974,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FE76F851314043FF" box="[488,600,1974,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3BB5E4C7FFAFFFE0FD1DF852320243DC" authority="Hewitson, (1873) Dolibaina, Dias, O. Mielke & Casagrande" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Pachythone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pasicles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFAFFFE0FD1DF852307343E0" box="[643,875,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Pachythone pasicles</emphasis>
|
||||
Hewitson, (1873) Dolibaina, Dias, O. Mielke & Casagrande
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
des. 2024/.
|
||||
<collectorName id="5140FA92FFAFFFE0FE3FF83E32D543DC" box="[417,461,2009,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">The</collectorName>
|
||||
other male
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FDCCF83D31B143DB" box="[594,681,2010,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||||
is here designated
|
||||
<typeStatus id="230E21E6FFAFFFE0FC1EF83E370F43DC" box="[896,1047,2009,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
and will be labeled accordingly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B4AFCCCFFFACFFE3FF59FF71374444FA" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC0A9F44FFACFFE3FF59FF71374444FA" blockId="6.[151,1436,150,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CEC14356FFACFFE3FF59FF713279449F" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
This species is only known to occur in lowland forests in the north of the
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFACFFE3FB26FF703680449E" box="[1208,1432,151,177]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Espírito Santo state</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="84A2DFD4FFACFFE3FF09FF5C33C644FA" box="[151,222,187,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, although it is expected to live in similar, continuous habitats in the
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3E7151A6FFACFFE3FC46FF5C374044FA" box="[984,1112,187,213]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue