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data/9A/20/0C/9A200C6C5D7A52C0BA6139507296112C.xml
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1.
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Ceratozamia alvarezii
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Seeds of Ceratozamia A C. sancheziae B C. alvarezii C C. brevifrons. D C. subroseophylla." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746071" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 12B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Plants of Ceratozamia in habitat A C. alvarezii B C. aurantiaca C C. becerrae D C. brevifrons E C. chamberlainii F C. chimalapensis G C. decumbens H C. delucana I C. euryphyllidia J C. fuscoviridis K C. hondurensis L C. huastecorum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746074" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="94BAE1654BEB552F81DE4136DF84E0FA" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Seeds of Ceratozamia A C. sancheziae B C. alvarezii C C. brevifrons. D C. subroseophylla." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746071" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 12B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="04734FF8A6E5FA0A23CDA6423F99F00F" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Plants of Ceratozamia in habitat A C. alvarezii B C. aurantiaca C C. becerrae D C. brevifrons E C. chamberlainii F C. chimalapensis G C. decumbens H C. delucana I C. euryphyllidia J C. fuscoviridis K C. hondurensis L C. huastecorum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746074" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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<typeStatus id="59AD0BE7E8AA400F10F4F7BDB91B7EBE">Type</typeStatus>
.
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<collectingCountry name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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<collectingCountry id="10E74401E66D8E51003691E0A750C785" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
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: Mun. Cintalapa,
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<location id="E7509D3C3665999B0696440E22F1E403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A200C6C5D7A52C0BA6139507296112C:E7509D3C3665999B0696440E22F1E403" country="Mexico" name="Rancho El Cafetal" stateProvince="Chiapas">Rancho El Cafetal</location>
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,
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<elevation id="473CAC45DFC6081B32F90A6A81CDBF29" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</elevation>
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,
<collectingDate value="1996-03-04">4 Mar 1996</collectingDate>
<collectingDate id="372458C60695AF57BB416BBFCE27C28B" value="1996-03-04">4 Mar 1996</collectingDate>
,
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<collectorName>
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<collectorName id="C7B71C15DF5A8FDEBBD155D01815A183">
M.A.
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</collectorName>
889
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(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
<typeStatus id="BE80D4D9CB33E602D170507E3B8B4121">holotype</typeStatus>
: CHIP! [acc. # 14306]; isotypes: F! [acc. # 2193633], HEM! [acc. # HEM004830], MEXU! [MEXU00827362], MO! [acc. # 04882667])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stem</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="B6D417D63FDC2BE80C7A5316589EC748" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="66D3586F6BD50267E5A39A348CA5B374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="5BB50956270FD5DBA07E28F8E711604D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stem</emphasis>
20-60 cm long, 15-30 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cataphylls</emphasis>
<emphasis id="07A5AE9B95FC0DE8CB29B97B556D85AD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cataphylls</emphasis>
2.0-5.0
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<normalizedToken id="EB0F498EB2627FE9477FBE260C162A65" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-3.0 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brownish tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
<emphasis id="13D30EC6BD79438B4EB7C58997B7AEF6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
2-30 (40), 36-125 cm long, ascending, brown at emergence with whitis gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2CB1B4AF15052C1FB79A92BF243152C6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
10-60 cm long, terete, linear, brown in mature leaves; with 11-40 thin prickles, 0.19-0.37 cm long.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rachis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="40187E84A56CFF0382D23E6ECAC1BDFA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rachis</emphasis>
25-87 cm long, terete, linear, brown to greenish brown in mature leaves, with prickles.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaflets</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D8FB561B6A95C98D5CE7D1FC29B2FE40" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaflets</emphasis>
25-68 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear to lanceolate, generally longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, slightly involute, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetric at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 12-38
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="154536A96BC52AFD25C82F3835572221" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.9 cm, 0.14-1.30 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.14-0.75 cm wide, brown.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pollen strobili</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0195C762097BEE564B9E64B014D8D93C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pollen strobili</emphasis>
15-40 cm long, 3.5-5.1 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with brown trichomes at emergence, yellowish cream with blackish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 4-10 cm long, 1.5-2.1 cm in diameter, reddish brown to brown pubescent; microsporophylls 1.24-1.56
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BE2935894B7DE85A1E6CCE0571298DA7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.59-0.83 cm, elliptic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.50-0.81 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.14-0.30 cm long, 0.45-0.90 cm and an obtuse to acute angle between the horns.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ovulate strobili</emphasis>
<emphasis id="55226A162B3F4CD7FB7C8FF4501A1D4A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ovulate strobili</emphasis>
17-27 cm long, 7.2-12.3 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with abundant blackish trichomes at emergence, glaucous green with reddish brown to blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 4.0-10 cm long, 1.1-2.2 cm in diameter, erect, with scarce brownish tan trichomes; megasporophylls 20-80, 4-8 orthostichies with 5-10 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.15-2.80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="364B33E6382EAFD0917867B5A2681494" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.90-6.30 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and thin and 0.32-0.51 cm long, 0.69-1.80 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2A12539E0E69CE60AA07BB0F3E5FD8C9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
2.5-3.0 cm long, 2.3-2.9 cm in diameter, spherical, sarcotesta whitish pink when immature, light brown at maturity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceratozamia alvarezii" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvarezii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceratozamia alvarezii</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="FDD006271F45555C65D0035165DE44FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="265FDF19A61B67AB915C3645F55FFE32" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8AFB91EBA86A4BEB9D35C5AFEAD47193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="332FDDB0EC5D4ED234FA0ED8619DFD9A" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceratozamia alvarezii" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvarezii">
<emphasis id="71A1D0A7EE653DD712477216D5B35370" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceratozamia alvarezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Mexico and only known from Cintalapa and Jiquipilas municipalities in Chiapas State, at the transition zone between pine and oak forest and oak forest; plants occur on karstic rocks between 900 and 1,450 m elevation (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of Ceratozamia species A C. alvarezii B C. aurantiaca C C. becerrae D C. brevifrons." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BD8E9DD5222BD8C59397DE863E3108DC" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of Ceratozamia species A C. alvarezii B C. aurantiaca C C. becerrae D C. brevifrons." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
<caption id="4A180EFC390AFD66D68E84C803528483" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="E9582E7BC86FD9E1AE412C893F07DAB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="3AA1C7127831ABCA14E838187D533A8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceratozamia" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceratozamia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59C6BA3BB55989B8D9AF35D1F4BA3882" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceratozamia" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="62D2939FCEEBF2B6693A66F441CBFF26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceratozamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. alvarezii" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alvarezii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. alvarezii</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3EF338FC20E69F2529641205B25481AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="55C94D22C5B176AB49A288B303261E03" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. alvarezii" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvarezii">
<emphasis id="14F00632644D7FC0A444459921EAEAD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. alvarezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. aurantiaca" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. aurantiaca</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EBBB26A7292CA3DB06F5932AEE5A1622" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0FD97C3A046733E8600BD619BB1E8A82" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. aurantiaca" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B9F75161EA8925CE135E09ED1C71C445" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. aurantiaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. becerrae" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="becerrae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. becerrae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="829FEFB8CA2C458B78A084256555429D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D84FE863AEC1A4B942812549B07CA42D" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. becerrae" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="becerrae">
<emphasis id="56E1DFA6243B575CAB286746674C667B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. becerrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. brevifrons" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. brevifrons</emphasis>
<emphasis id="584C045893DF98A9AFA210503C8C2CA3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A6550DDE06C111AAF79BBAF6D5B278DF" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. brevifrons" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
<emphasis id="5EA9F7BED1158C716D6AB4B9A4873278" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. brevifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="A7784E0E66E70ADF383504D437311B31" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7054B10064B3BD6D29DFBEFC3E559A2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37A54058813D4951BEFC26629240EA35" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The specific epithet honors Miguel
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="461700EA90506A05EFF2AF0019C287E8" originalValue="Álvarez">Alvarez</normalizedToken>
del Toro in recognition of its outstanding contributions for conservation in Chiapas and the establishment of its first reserves (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391741" author="Perez-Farrera, MA" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="410 - 413" refId="B44" refString="Perez-Farrera, MA, Vovides, AP, Iglesias, C, 1999. A new species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from Chiapas, Mexico. Novon 9 (3): 410 - 413, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3391741" title="A new species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from Chiapas, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391741" volume="9" year="1999">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="878CC1913F483004B6C9289ECD3350EE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391741" author="Perez-Farrera, MA" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="410 - 413" refId="B44" refString="Perez-Farrera, MA, Vovides, AP, Iglesias, C, 1999. A new species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from Chiapas, Mexico. Novon 9 (3): 410 - 413, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3391741" title="A new species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from Chiapas, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391741" volume="9" year="1999">
<normalizedToken id="657CF34119DBEA35C0F0C2424FB093C0" originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
et al. 1999
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="E682B9F0B8FEAE8F861458098927A119" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph id="60C37D31F50C6E7861B3AEB9C546D83D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB3D0C68483A978F841CC004537AB379" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Mexico. Chiapas:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espadaña">Espadana</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BCEBC1C8214F624EEFBF487D1760B799" originalValue="Espadaña">Espadana</normalizedToken>
cimarrona (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2D626A983B4B8C5D60C98CC83FFD449B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="99262055BBE36700F1A6057678891A3C" originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
et al. 1370
</emphasis>
); palma, palmita (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="BBA473D9E32373FA7820C9CCBF03BE16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
M.A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F790996116D8F28DD21DE05A78327BE6" originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
889
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="907C530D97787562470B2AFACEF1417A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph id="9E38696C7A8731B25D7A314367A77970" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A802DA79529C9BDAFF700C71C1E12D7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The seeds are used as food (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2CC9F622CC68C59FD4705D41FBB3CAF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
M.A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="14EAACA83C3A168F7C849B873AE59E52" originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
889
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="13056A1D5B629B1711470770219313E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="F0907AC493C2CED9389FCEA96D90C1D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DEF830207C96AA006E02C826094EFD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, JL" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org" refId="B17" refString="2021. . https://www.iucnredlist.org" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2021">IUCN 2021</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="80D7A213686891205E26A8E333D68C28" author="Haynes, JL" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org" refId="B17" refString="2021. . https://www.iucnredlist.org" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org" year="2021">IUCN 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Endangered; A2ac; B1ab(I,iii)+2ab(i,iii); C1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="7DCACD23E778FF310F7C019502E0E70D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CD167221A012C3AE2E8E98D0F8C4B228" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C387783D17BD7696357AF604BD6D684F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The morphology of
<taxonomicName class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceratozamia alvarezii" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvarezii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceratozamia alvarezii</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F048C364CA292B55C1CE349ACE9D5B20" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceratozamia alvarezii" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alvarezii">
<emphasis id="7BA4B1EAC186F1579E859F335A21236C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceratozamia alvarezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not very different from
<taxonomicName family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirandae" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mirandae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mirandae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1D42A6F2332ADB8D03BFCA51864BCCC8" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirandae" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirandae">
<emphasis id="7AE7F7E94C36ED779F01F45C64BF6699" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mirandae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At population level, this species differs from
<taxonomicName family="Zamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirandae" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mirandae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mirandae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D4F4A7F495F9FB9CC7806914D9C28E37" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirandae" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirandae">
<emphasis id="F42CEA5D0337CD1F1453A0E4ABB71B53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mirandae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having generally shorter leaves, smaller ovulate strobilus (up to 27 cm long and 5 to 10 sporophylls per orthostichy), and longer seeds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Mexico" location="Chiapas" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
<collectingCountry name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<subSubSection id="D3C27CA9CCDC81787A870150204797C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9042FCF2B55D5962E245DEB128D72519" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D6D6D3BBC83794A2B52D00205D84633" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="BBA4E3CC06832534501EF9B5C32710F5" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Mexico" location="Chiapas" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
<collectingCountry id="6E1A361E923F640A0F0470933A51C848" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="Chiapas">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B5B46B82B5E6C0994069B2CD54307B61" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion id="B782C705B3DA5F39F570286929A0134A" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
: Mun. Cintalapa
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1.1">1,100 m</quantity>
<quantity id="B82FDF8DAA854D2084FEC301C80BE094" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1.1">1,100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1993-03-10">10 Mar 1993</date>
<date id="AC59AFF893A1640A4767A61DBDC99779" value="1993-03-10">10 Mar 1993</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.P. Vovides 1234</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3CAF4550A94AA34FA21212CFDD4F484C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.P. Vovides 1234</emphasis>
(XAL);
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</quantity>
<quantity id="F9CB9E2C097768DCB8C7F68BAD85F4E4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2018-06-21">21 Jun 2018</date>
<date id="0CA736027C60A048BF4035FA17217A02" value="2018-06-21">21 Jun 2018</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7CED002097E58C2D69958853FDFB0D93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="74BC7205BB8435ECAAB2E77614DEF7AE" originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
et al. 2791-2799
</emphasis>
(CIB);
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</quantity>
<quantity id="FD604516792393EC2D164C9014134E24" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2018-06-22">22 Jun 2018</date>
<date id="3031DDC89613CFF63BDF49807AC145F2" value="2018-06-22">22 Jun 2018</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="997EEF356271BF155557D64D2D71ACB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="ABCDDF0C32FAB1B2B7E80DE34F256AA8" originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
et al. 2830
</emphasis>
(CIB);
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.107" unit="m" value="1.107">1,107 m</quantity>
<quantity id="380354539B145B0E40D15ED960058E34" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.107" unit="m" value="1.107">1,107 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
<date id="1AE677E8D662AF41F6E953515786E64C" value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F8B0E4748FBBAD45193FE47D5EC727A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="546A553CCCA7EC9B38012DA2A2AD0B17" originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
&amp; L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F75C4DC060556A669AEAE2C7ACDDABF8" originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
3177-3183
</emphasis>
(CIB);
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1.35">1,350 m</quantity>
<quantity id="3DD090D87FE9B165E71D334FABE83735" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1.35">1,350 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
<date id="64E3E8B8149EB2FBF7417FF70D9B5C7F" value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="29A670FF29BA862D2DE34CE890A99A5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="60D8CF1B11F0995554B64212EB2110B1" originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
&amp; L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CCC2D83CF2238569FAE441C11D7320E0" originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
3186-3196
</emphasis>
(CIB);
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" unit="m" value="1.45">1,450 m</quantity>
<quantity id="D4D0D80DFC6CDAF0B469B02645BDB945" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" unit="m" value="1.45">1,450 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1994-10-11">11 Oct 1994</date>
<date id="071B3758132AFDE31D6DB0E790ECA8B9" value="1994-10-11">11 Oct 1994</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Castillo et al. 445</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8AC4B9A2E5739117219DF76E81DF823A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Castillo et al. 445</emphasis>
(CHIP);
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</quantity>
<quantity id="C1DC8D6872F7982887ACFEFA509A3202" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2018-06-21">21 Jun 2018</date>
<date id="CF99572E9EF78FC835A9852060B1720D" value="2018-06-21">21 Jun 2018</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="93211A5D502184EAFED229472B2F4441" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="920813CC5D2A4E3F87A7053949E56B2B" originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
et al. 1359-1369
</emphasis>
(CIB),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1370</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5693390CA6FA4A5B30281B151884828" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1370</emphasis>
(CIB, MEXU);
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</quantity>
<quantity id="66019CBBB9E2B9559B70B80DBD889407" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2018-06-22">22 Jun 2018</date>
<date id="699F290199A4F5D24D05374D2EA9916F" value="2018-06-22">22 Jun 2018</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6EF00297B0BCE073827498203D94CC01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="78F6F5BA921BB99C7C3D0429FDA998C2" originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
et al. 1402
</emphasis>
(CIB, MEXU);
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" unit="m" value="925.0">925 m</quantity>
<quantity id="DF0112E05E01B974EA71EA0F88D0B9E3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" unit="m" value="925.0">925 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
<date id="7A05D05310EB94A51F166CA282EB47C5" value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F9D556E02DB39C627C8453A86818C90F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B4C8DC514329A610EBACB11CD22730A2" originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8CDAED69ADAA723C8F7C1690AF072EBA" originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
1770
</emphasis>
(CIB);
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.107" unit="m" value="1.107">1,107 m</quantity>
<quantity id="41F6FDEA9E7561CCBBE77629EB111D43" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.107" unit="m" value="1.107">1,107 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
<date id="2C8EC0B35C805E14D20E8ACCA36EF475" value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="45794BC4DAB6072C94F99E85B4B6DFBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1E372F711ED2A69CE82DDD1ABC578080" originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="426BCD60A87450F2139A501F7A286DA7" originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
1771,1772
</emphasis>
(CIB, MEXU),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1773</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CCB16EA67FDA1C9D7EE3CBF1A704460B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1773</emphasis>
(CIB),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1774</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9D67E036FB798871A5DBE1A4D81120C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1774</emphasis>
(CIB, MEXU),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1775-1777</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E9A00EC897A79FCCAAB8F9C1D4BD8575" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1775-1777</emphasis>
(CIB);
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1.35">1,350 m</quantity>
<quantity id="B33D9D14254DC08EDBD4C311F7B98848" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1.35">1,350 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
<date id="B32FD61C997C65A25F5ACEAE08AB973C" value="2019-06-18">18 Jun 2019</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C6129F1AD9F090A199091CF9777D9FBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="94D78BE32F4A89A57378422AFD4850EF" originalValue="Martínez-Domínguez">Martinez-Dominguez</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C3EF3538EA768CB1769E24F0E2F3CA4C" originalValue="Nicolalde-Morejón">Nicolalde-Morejon</normalizedToken>
1784
</emphasis>
-
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1794</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0EC4B8152845B79FA2E44831C2811AB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1794</emphasis>
(CIB);
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
<quantity id="9321E7FFAEB9EE0D7BD57D81F4DA1C46" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1994-07-10">10 Jul 1994</date>
<date id="A46C62A3C0FD500CF6FE28C6B2FF4544" value="1994-07-10">10 Jul 1994</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="46642D4573F7C68490E0CBF63946FB5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
M.A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D81B28A4E252A906D7DC448527B2C0E0" originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
71
</emphasis>
(CIB, CHIP, MEXU);
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
<quantity id="B2F11C0386DB357DF961F74B9260765A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1995-09-05">5 Sep 1995</date>
<date id="DA435B09059F0B93645AD774C6A2FEAA" value="1995-09-05">5 Sep 1995</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6949F3187A2105EF3C46D780BB098F31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
M.A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="DE294964FAC80A696D75D853AFAB207D" originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
776
</emphasis>
(CIB, XAL);
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1,000 m</quantity>
<quantity id="8A854DA20466373FCE73B9DD09228FA8" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1,000 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2000-03-27">27 Mar 2000</date>
<date id="6F5BB2E919E097C3FB1FD27FEE63FEF6" value="2000-03-27">27 Mar 2000</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Farrera S. 2068</emphasis>
<emphasis id="194DDF3E0EE9870359D8CC1EE9B1EEBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Farrera S. 2068</emphasis>
(CHIP).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mun. Jiquipilas</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3BF9F692576D8A8293AFE9443B1BD947" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mun. Jiquipilas</emphasis>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1.2">1,200 m</quantity>
<quantity id="B245F36DECA7841CC1F90C0114643420" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1.2">1,200 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2002-06-06">6 Jun 2002</date>
<date id="BC63889F7FABE4EBDB825E8C2786B841" value="2002-06-06">6 Jun 2002</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="20AF717ACC55BC2F710AFC95ECDF5C4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Reyes-García">Reyes-Garcia</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6F80408A9BB30B34348B87D0F91F3BAB" originalValue="Reyes-García">Reyes-Garcia</normalizedToken>
5017
</emphasis>
(MEXU);
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" unit="m" value="1.38">1,380 m</quantity>
<quantity id="7A45FED0FB98021205A17E15AAAE901C" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" unit="m" value="1.38">1,380 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2000-02-17">17 Feb 2000</date>
<date id="C3D1F82A078CFC8A6D0D8A67C36425FA" value="2000-02-17">17 Feb 2000</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Palacios E. 2469</emphasis>
<emphasis id="88CA2EB05D492299D326049B3501CE60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Palacios E. 2469</emphasis>
(CHIP);
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" unit="m" value="1.17">1,170 m</quantity>
<quantity id="53115EAAA11E247A4EC30B1B55196240" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" unit="m" value="1.17">1,170 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1994-07-07">7 Jul 1994</date>
<date id="4E804B8B3458B560C78CEB559DAE0990" value="1994-07-07">7 Jul 1994</date>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="77D883C613D8CCA2DE6520213417224E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
M.A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E6916437180C4C949C18141023ED206B" originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
68
</emphasis>
(CIB).