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<document id="4FB7BD41EF8665058929F7BBA110814C" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2383786" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758516" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726224088441" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Criscione, Francesco &amp; Hallan, Anders" docDate="2024" docId="1945CB04FFF1FFC8DFF0F9FE4DE5135B" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.37-40.1429-1459.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (37 - 40)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2383786" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gymnobela engonia Verrill 1884" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="1448" masterDocId="E57CB37CFFE0FFDBDE62FFE74F2C1517" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of Gymnobela and Pontiothauma (Conoidea: Raphitomidae) from Australian waters provides more evidence of transoceanic distribution in deep-sea gastropods" masterLastPageNumber="1459" masterPageNumber="1429" pageNumber="1446" updateTime="1726224953282" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E5B253FE051B5B342586F1424D49E2CA">Integrative taxonomy of Gymnobela and Pontiothauma (Conoidea: Raphitomidae) from Australian waters provides more evidence of transoceanic distribution in deep-sea gastropods</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE3C5363F2CC22B6E492DF2F053EDD2F">Criscione, Francesco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE8D96B4659078702054BFA3775845EE">Hallan, Anders</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7CBAA27F907CE0E7BFC32BF93524C3BD">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9E51D166349EBEEBD51AC2DE99C827BD">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EE64E614ABF2788F730DCAE55001C45A">37 - 40</mods:number>
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<heading id="CA1BCD7EFFF1FFCADFF0F9FE4CBE1323" box="[402,914,1561,1588]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="1446" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF1FFCADFF0F9FE4C311323" ID-CoL="3HQH6" authority="Verrill, 1884" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1884" box="[402,797,1561,1588]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="1446" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="engonia">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF1FFCADFF0F9FE4DAF1323" box="[402,643,1561,1588]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1446">Gymnobela engonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF1FFCADCEEF9FE4C311323" author="Verrill AE" box="[652,797,1561,1588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1446" pagination="139 - 294" refId="ref17806" refString="Verrill AE. 1884. Second Catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the Fauna of the New England coast. Trans Conn Acad. vi: 139 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1884">Verrill, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(PSH G2)
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<paragraph id="91537A12FFF1FFCADC6FF9B34C391378" blockId="17.[525,789,1620,1647]" box="[525,789,1620,1647]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1446">
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF1FFCADC74F9B34DA91378" box="[534,645,1620,1647]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,978,1001]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,946]" captionTargetId="figure-178@7.[163,1153,142,946]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G1/ G. agassizi (Verrill and Smith, 1880), Australian Museum (AMS) C.519355; (B) G. agassizii (Verrill and S. Smith, 1880), holotype UNSM 37828; (C) G. engonia (Verrill, 1884), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 3483; (D) G2/G. engonia AMS C.594980; (E) G2/G. engonia AMS C.593510; (F) G2/G. engonia AMS C.482287; (G) G2/G. engonia AMS C.482286; (H) G2/G. engonia AMS C.571816. Scale bar: AD, FH = 10 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758522/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1446">Figures 3</figureCitation>
C-H, 8 I, 6B)
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<emphasis id="A398A600FFF1FFCADEA2F9404E9A13D7" box="[192,438,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1446">Pleurotomella engonia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF1FFCADFA6F9404D6613D7" author="Verrill AE" box="[452,586,1703,1728]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1446" pagination="139 - 294" refId="ref17806" refString="Verrill AE. 1884. Second Catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the Fauna of the New England coast. Trans Conn Acad. vi: 139 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1884">Verrill, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
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, p. 157
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158
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DEC2FAA44E3C104A" bold="true" box="[160,272,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Holotype</emphasis>
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,
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(
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.
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<paragraph id="91537A12FFF2FFC9DEC2FC044C481015" blockId="18.[160,1157,995,1282]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DEC2FC044FD516ED" bold="true" box="[160,249,995,1018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Shells of deep-sea raphitomid species previously assigned to
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DD37FC044CED16ED" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1884" box="[853,961,995,1018]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DD37FC044CED16ED" box="[853,961,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Gymnobela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DD8CFC044E00110F" authority="(Sysoev, 1996)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Sysoev" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Spergo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="africana" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DD8CFC044BAF16ED" box="[1006,1155,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Spergo africana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF2FFC9DEC7FBE64E09110F" author="Sysoev AV" box="[165,293,1025,1048]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" pagination="22 - 29" refId="ref17564" refString="Sysoev AV. 1996. Taxonomic notes on South African deep-sea conoidean gastropods (Gastropoda: Conoidea) described by K. H. Barnard, 1963. Nautilus. 110 (1): 22 - 29." type="journal article" year="1996">Sysoev, 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DF53FBE64EA0110F" bold="true" box="[305,396,1025,1048]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
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</emphasis>
, holotype Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom (NHMUK) 1993114; (B)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DEA4FBF94DDD1122" authority="(Stahlschmidt, Poppe and Tagaro, 2018)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stahlschmidt, Poppe and Tagaro" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[198,753,1054,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Spergo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bululi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DEA4FBF94E651122" box="[198,329,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Spergo bululi</emphasis>
(Stahlschmidt, Poppe and Tagaro, 2018)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DC9EFBF94C711122" bold="true" box="[764,861,1054,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF2FFC9DC9EFBF94C711122" box="[764,861,1054,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle (MNHN) IM-2000-30,406; (C)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DCEEFBDC4B151145" authority="(Kantor and Sysoev, 1986)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Kantor and Sysoev" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[652,1081,1083,1106]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Spergo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oculifera" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DCEEFBDC4C041145" box="[652,808,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Spergo oculifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF2FFC9DD54FBDC4B1E1145" author="Kantor YI &amp; Sysoev AV" box="[822,1074,1083,1106]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" pagination="485 - 498" refId="ref16419" refString="Kantor YI, Sysoev AV. 1986. A new genus and new species from the family Turridae (Gastropoda, Toxoglossa) in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Zool Zhurnal. 65 (4): 485 - 498." type="journal article" year="1986">Kantor and Sysoev, 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DA20FBDC4F981167" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF2FFC9DA20FBDC4F981167" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc 22338; (D)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DDCDFBBE4ECC119A" authority="(Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1896)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Dautzenberg and Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Austrobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fulvotincta" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DDCDFBBE4BAF1167" box="[943,1155,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Austrobela fulvotincta</emphasis>
(Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1896)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DF85FB914D6E119A" bold="true" box="[487,578,1142,1165]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF2FFC9DF85FB914D6E119A" box="[487,578,1142,1165]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, syntype Musée océanographique de Monaco (MOM) INV- 18461; (E)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DF6EFB734D7611BC" authority="(Barnard, 1963)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Barnard" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[268,602,1172,1195]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Theta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chrysopelex" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DF6EFB734E9411BC" box="[268,440,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Theta chrysopelex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF2FFC9DFA4FB734D7F11BC" author="Barnard KH" box="[454,595,1172,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" pagination="407 - 453" refId="ref15249" refString="Barnard KH. 1963. Deep sea Mollusca from West of Cape Point, South Africa. Ann South African Museum. 46: 407 - 453." type="journal article" year="1963">Barnard, 1963</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DC00FB734DEC11BC" bold="true" box="[610,704,1172,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF2FFC9DC00FB734DEC11BC" box="[610,704,1172,1195]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype Iziko South African Museum ISAM A9857; (F)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DF6BFB564D6511DF" authority="(Watson, 1886)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Watson" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[265,585,1201,1224]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Theta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="homeotata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DF6BFB564E8211DF" box="[265,430,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Theta homeotata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF2FFC9DFD8FB564D6D11DF" author="Watson RB" box="[442,577,1201,1224]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" refId="ref17962" refString="Watson RB 1886. Report on the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76 [article]. Zool Chall Expedition. 15 (42): 756." type="journal volume" year="1886">Watson, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DC2DFB564D8711DF" bold="true" box="[591,683,1201,1224]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF2FFC9DC2DFB564D8711DF" box="[591,683,1201,1224]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype NHMUK 1887.2.9.1115; (G)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DA7FFB564EAB11F2" authority="(Watson, 1881)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Watson" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Austrobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gypsata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DA7FFB564FC711F2" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Austrobela gypsata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF2FFC9DE9AFB294EAC11F2" author="Watson RB" box="[248,384,1230,1253]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" pagination="413 - 475" refId="ref17928" refString="Watson RB. 1881. Mollusca of H. M. S. ' Challenger' expedition. Parts VII-X. J Linn Soc of Lond, Zool. 15: 413 - 475." type="journal article" year="1881">Watson, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DFECFB294EC611F2" bold="true" box="[398,490,1230,1253]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF2FFC9DFECFB294EC611F2" box="[398,490,1230,1253]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, syntype NHMUK 1887.2.9.97980; (H)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF2FFC9DD0DFB294E0A1015" authority="(Kantor and Sysoev, 1986)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Kantor and Sysoev" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Theta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="latistriata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DD0DFB294B2B11F2" box="[879,1031,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Theta latistriata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF2FFC9DA76FB294E331015" author="Kantor YI &amp; Sysoev AV" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" pagination="485 - 498" refId="ref16419" refString="Kantor YI, Sysoev AV. 1986. A new genus and new species from the family Turridae (Gastropoda, Toxoglossa) in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Zool Zhurnal. 65 (4): 485 - 498." type="journal article" year="1986">Kantor and Sysoev, 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DF4CFB0C4EA61015" bold="true" box="[302,394,1259,1282]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF2FFC9DF4CFB0C4EA61015" box="[302,394,1259,1282]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype ZMMU Lc 22341. Scale bar = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF2FFC8DEC2FA1E4E7B163B" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1448" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF2FFC9DEC2FA1E4E531304" blockId="18.[160,1157,1529,1728]" box="[160,383,1529,1555]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF2FFC9DEC2FA1E4E531304" bold="true" box="[160,383,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF2FFC8DEC2F9FA4E7B163B" blockId="18.[160,1157,1529,1728]" lastBlockId="19.[160,1155,753,812]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1448" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF2FFC8DEC2F9FA4E7F163B" collectionCode="AMS, AIOT" country="Australia" elevation="3982" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1448" latitude="-13.437" location="Byron Bay" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="96.305" municipality="Jervis" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" specimenCode="V03, V04, V08" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF2FFC9DEC2F9FA4E281321" box="[160,260,1565,1590]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF2FFC9DF73F9FA4EF21321" box="[273,478,1565,1590]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7137E068FFF2FFC9DF89F9FA4D051321" box="[491,553,1565,1590]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Jervis</collectingMunicipality>
CMR (
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF2FFC9DC17F9FA4DF51321" box="[629,729,1565,1590]" degrees="35.114" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" precision="55" value="-35.114">35.114°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF2FFC9DC84F9FA4C741321" box="[742,856,1565,1590]" degrees="151.469" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" precision="55" value="151.469">151.469°E</geoCoordinate>
), station IN2017_
<specimenCode id="C14AD269FFF2FFC9DA7CF9FA4B641321" box="[1054,1096,1565,1590]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
_053,
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF2FFC9DEC2F9D84E13134F" box="[160,319,1599,1624]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9814999999999996" metricValueMax="4.011" metricValueMin="3.9519999999999995" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" unit="m" value="3981.5" valueMax="4011.0" valueMin="3952.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF2FFC9DEC2F9D84E13134F" box="[160,319,1599,1624]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9814999999999996" metricValueMax="4.011" metricValueMin="3.9519999999999995" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" unit="m" value="3981.5" valueMax="4011.0" valueMin="3952.0">39524011 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 wet (= ethanol preserved specimen) (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF2FFC9DD41F9D84C74134F" box="[803,856,1599,1624]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">AMS</collectionCode>
C.482286); off
<location id="94332CC9FFF2FFC9DA6CF9D84BAF134F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1945CB04FFF1FFC8DFF0F9FE4DE5135B:94332CC9FFF2FFC9DA6CF9D84BAF134F" box="[1038,1155,1599,1624]" country="Australia" latitude="-13.437" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="96.305" municipality="Jervis" name="Byron Bay" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" stateProvince="New South Wales">Byron Bay</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF2FFC9DEC4F9854E21136C" box="[166,269,1634,1659]" degrees="28.371" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" precision="55" value="-28.371">28.371°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF2FFC9DF7EF9854EBD136C" box="[284,401,1634,1659]" degrees="154.649" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" precision="55" value="154.649">154.649°E</geoCoordinate>
), IN2017_
<specimenCode id="C14AD269FFF2FFC9DC67F9854D1C136C" box="[517,560,1634,1659]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
_099, 3825
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF2FFC9DCDFF9854C37136C" box="[701,795,1634,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.754" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" unit="m" value="3754.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF2FFC9DCDFF9854C37136C" box="[701,795,1634,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.754" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" unit="m" value="3754.0">3754 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF2FFC9DDE3F9854C9B136C" box="[897,951,1634,1659]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">AMS</collectionCode>
C.482287);
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF2FFC9DA24F9854BAD136C" box="[1094,1153,1634,1659]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">AIOT</collectionCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF2FFC9DEC2F9624ECC1389" box="[160,480,1669,1694]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Territory of Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF2FFC9DF88F9624D8D1389" box="[490,673,1669,1694]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
SE (
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF2FFC9DCB3F9624C191389" box="[721,821,1669,1694]" degrees="10.556" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" precision="55" value="-10.556">10.556°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF2FFC9DD5DF9624C9D1389" box="[831,945,1669,1694]" degrees="105.764" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" precision="55" value="105.764">105.764°E</geoCoordinate>
), IN2021_
<specimenCode id="C14AD269FFF2FFC9DA79F9624B6A1389" box="[1051,1094,1669,1694]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" type="Museum">V04</specimenCode>
_007,
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF2FFC9DEC2F9404E1313D7" box="[160,319,1703,1728]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2725" metricValueMax="3.345" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" unit="m" value="3272.5" valueMax="3345.0" valueMin="3200.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF2FFC9DEC2F9404E1313D7" box="[160,319,1703,1728]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2725" metricValueMax="3.345" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447" unit="m" value="3272.5" valueMax="3345.0" valueMin="3200.0">32003345 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF2FFC9DFC1F9404EF413D7" box="[419,472,1703,1728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">AMS</collectionCode>
C.593510), 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF2FFC9DCDAF9404DC113D7" box="[696,749,1703,1728]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571816);
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF2FFC9DD1BF9404BAF13D7" box="[889,1155,1703,1728]" name="Cocos (Keeling) Islands" pageId="18" pageNumber="1447">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</collectingCountry>
Territory, Muirfield Seamount (
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF3FFC8DF94FD164D76161D" box="[502,602,753,778]" degrees="13.437" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" precision="55" value="-13.437">13.437°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF3FFC8DC06FD164DE4161D" box="[612,712,753,778]" degrees="96.305" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" precision="55" value="96.305">96.305°E</geoCoordinate>
), IN2022_
<specimenCode id="C14AD269FFF3FFC8DD56FD164C73161D" box="[820,863,753,778]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" type="Museum">V08</specimenCode>
_183,
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF3FFC8DDC2FD164B16161D" box="[928,1082,753,778]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9975" metricValueMax="4.047" metricValueMin="3.948" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" unit="m" value="3997.5" valueMax="4047.0" valueMin="3948.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF3FFC8DDC2FD164B16161D" box="[928,1082,753,778]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9975" metricValueMax="4.047" metricValueMin="3.948" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" unit="m" value="3997.5" valueMax="4047.0" valueMin="3948.0">39484047 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF3FFC8DEC7FCF44FF6163B" box="[165,218,787,812]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">AMS</collectionCode>
C.594980)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C5932A9AFFF3FFC8DEC2FDC44EC317B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13758536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758536/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" startId="19.[160,225,547,570]" targetBox="[162,1153,142,515]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF3FFC8DEC2FDC44EC317B8" blockId="19.[160,1155,547,687]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DEC2FDC44E2B172D" bold="true" box="[160,263,547,570]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Shells of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DF0AFDC44D18172D" box="[360,564,547,570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Mioawateria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DF0AFDC44ECC172D" box="[360,480,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Mioawateria</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
(A)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DC3EFDC44CE1172D" authority="(Powell, 1942)" baseAuthorityName="Powell" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[604,973,547,570]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Mioawateria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="personata">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DC3EFDC44C16172D" box="[604,826,547,570]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Mioawateria personata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DD25FDC44CEA172D" author="Powell AWB" box="[839,966,547,570]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref16971" refString="Powell AWB. 1942. The New Zealand recent and fossil mollusca of the family turridae with general notes on turrid nomenelature and systematics [article]. Bull Auckl Inst and Museum. 2: 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="1942">Powell, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
holotype Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS) TM3761; (B)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DD49FDA74BAF1740" authority="(Dall, 1881)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[811,1155,576,599]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Mioawateria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="blakeana" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DD49FDA74B291740" box="[811,1029,576,599]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Mioawateria blakeana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DA74FDA74B501740" author="Dall WH" box="[1046,1148,576,599]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="33 - 144" refId="ref15768" refString="Dall WH. 1881. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea (1877 - 78), by the United States Coast Survey Steamer &quot; Blake &quot;, Lieutenant-Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XV. Preliminary report on the Mollusca. Bull Museum Comp Zool Harvard Coll. 9 (2): 33 - 144." type="journal article" year="1881">Dall, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DEC2FDBA4FD21763" bold="true" box="[160,254,605,628]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF3FFC8DEC2FDBA4FD21763" box="[160,254,605,628]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 87427; (C)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DDDCFDBA4E221785" authority="(Dall, 1919)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Mioawateria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="brachis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DDDCFDBA4BAF1763" box="[958,1155,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Mioawateria brachis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DEC4FD9C4E2B1785" author="Dall WH" box="[166,263,635,658]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref16037" refString="Dall WH. 1919. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family Turritidae from the west coast of America and adjacent regions. Proc US Natl Mus. 56 (2288): 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1919">Dall, 1919</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DF76FD9C4E421785" bold="true" box="[276,366,635,658]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF3FFC8DF76FD9C4E421785" box="[276,366,635,658]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype USNM 96486; (D)
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DCE2FD9C4CEE1785" authority="(Dall, 1908)" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[640,962,635,658]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Mioawateria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="isogonia" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DCE2FD9C4C621785" box="[640,846,635,658]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Mioawateria isogonia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DD3BFD9C4C961785" author="Dall WH" box="[857,954,635,658]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="203 - 487" refId="ref15869" refString="Dall WH. 1908. The Mollusca and the Brachiopoda. (Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. fish commission steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. 37. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U, S. fish commission steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; from October 1904, to March, 1906, Lieut Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., commanding. 14). Cambridge [Article]. Bull Mus Comp Zool Harvard Coll. 43: 203 - 487 + 222 l." type="journal article" year="1908">Dall, 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DDA5FD9C4B0E1785" bold="true" box="[967,1058,635,658]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF3FFC8DDA5FD9C4B0E1785" box="[967,1058,635,658]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype USNM 123112. Scale bar = 3 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF3FFC8DEC2FC8F4D5E16D0" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF3FFC8DEC2FC8F4E001695" blockId="19.[160,1155,872,967]" box="[160,300,872,898]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DEC2FC8F4E001695" bold="true" box="[160,300,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF3FFC8DEC2FC6C4D5E16D0" blockId="19.[160,1155,872,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF3FFC8DEC2FC6C4D4216D0" collectionCode="NSW" collectorName="Atlantic Ocean, E &amp; Cocos &amp; SW Pacific Ocean" country="Australia" location="Christmas Islands" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectorName id="3C191FC4FFF3FFC8DEC2FC6C4E7116B3" box="[160,349,907,932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Atlantic Ocean, E</collectorName>
Indian Ocean, off
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and
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;
<collectorName id="3C191FC4FFF3FFC8DD0DFC6C4B1C16B3" box="[879,1072,907,932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">SW Pacific Ocean</collectorName>
, off the
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(
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) coast (
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)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF3FFC8DEC2FBEF4DE5135B" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF3FFC8DEC2FBEF4E2A1135" blockId="19.[160,1156,1032,1612]" box="[160,262,1032,1058]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DEC2FBEF4E2A1135" bold="true" box="[160,262,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF3FFC8DEC2FBCB4B1111D8" blockId="19.[160,1156,1032,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
The
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF3FFC8DEADFBCB4E1F1152" box="[207,307,1068,1093]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF3FFC8DF22FBCB4E861152" box="[320,426,1068,1093]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,978,1001]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,946]" captionTargetId="figure-178@7.[163,1153,142,946]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G1/ G. agassizi (Verrill and Smith, 1880), Australian Museum (AMS) C.519355; (B) G. agassizii (Verrill and S. Smith, 1880), holotype UNSM 37828; (C) G. engonia (Verrill, 1884), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 3483; (D) G2/G. engonia AMS C.594980; (E) G2/G. engonia AMS C.593510; (F) G2/G. engonia AMS C.482287; (G) G2/G. engonia AMS C.482286; (H) G2/G. engonia AMS C.571816. Scale bar: AD, FH = 10 mm; E = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758522/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Figure 3C</figureCitation>
) was described without mention of its radular morphology (
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DA23FBCB4FFB1170" author="Verrill AE" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="139 - 294" refId="ref17806" refString="Verrill AE. 1884. Second Catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the Fauna of the New England coast. Trans Conn Acad. vi: 139 - 294." type="book chapter" year="1884">Verrill 1884</bibRefCitation>
, p. 157).
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DF55FBA94D721170" author="Bouchet P &amp; Waren A" box="[311,606,1102,1127]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref15426" refString="Bouchet P, Waren A. 1980. Revision of the north east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). J Molluscan Stud Supp. 46 (8 (Supplement )): 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouchet and Warén (1980)</bibRefCitation>
studied relatively abundant East Atlantic material of the species, figuring a shell (
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF3FFC8DC45FB964DBE119D" box="[551,658,1137,1162]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[160,225,945,968]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,913]" captionTargetId="figure-112@17.[163,1153,142,913]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Shells of Gymnobela species vouchers. (A) G. bairdii (Verrill and Smith, 1884), syntype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (UNSM) 37824; (B) G. rotundata Sysoev, 1990, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc 5718; (C) G. abyssorum (Locard, 1897), lectotype Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle (MNHN) IM-2000-2750; (D) G. chyta (Watson, 1881), holotype Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom (NHMUK) 1887.2.9.1108; (E) G. granulisculpturata Sysoev, 1990, holotype ZMMU Lc 5725; (F) G. verecunda (Barnard, 1963), lectotype ISAM A9697; (G) G. mitrodeta Sysoev, 1997, holotype MNHN IM-2000-3121; (H) G. laticaudata Sysoev, 1990, holotype ZMMU Lc 5735; (I) G. engonia figured in Bouchet and Warén 1980 (fig. 123). Scale bar: A, C, FG, I = 10 mm; B, H = 3.3 mm; DE = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758532/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Figure 8I</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DCC6FB964CFB119D" author="Bouchet P &amp; Waren A" box="[676,983,1137,1162]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref15426" refString="Bouchet P, Waren A. 1980. Revision of the north east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). J Molluscan Stud Supp. 46 (8 (Supplement )): 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouchet and Warén 1980</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 123) and a hypodermic tooth (
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DFF6FB744D9511BB" author="Bouchet P &amp; Waren A" box="[404,697,1171,1196]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref15426" refString="Bouchet P, Waren A. 1980. Revision of the north east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). J Molluscan Stud Supp. 46 (8 (Supplement )): 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouchet and Warén 1980</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 26), whose details were utilised by
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DEC2FB514E8C11D8" author="Criscione F &amp; Hallan A &amp; Puillandre N &amp; Fedosov A" box="[160,416,1206,1231]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="961 - 1000" refId="ref15698" refString="Criscione F, Hallan A, Puillandre N, Fedosov A. 2021 b. Where the snails have no name: a molecular phylogeny of Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea) uncovers vast unexplored diversity in the deep seas of temperate southern and eastern Australia. Zool J Linn Soc. 191 (4): 961 - 1000. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlaa 088." type="journal article" year="2021">
Criscione
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DF6FFB514E1111D8" box="[269,317,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">et al</emphasis>
. (2021b)
</bibRefCitation>
as an example of typical radular morphology of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF3FFC8DEA2FB3E4C9D106B" blockId="19.[160,1156,1032,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">We provide below some anatomical details of one of the samples studied here (AMS C.482286): animal white. Hypodermic teeth large, straight, tightly rolled; approximately 170 µm in length; unbarbed; adapical opening long; ventral side forming blade approximately 1/5 of length of tooth; base moderately wide, angular, with lateral process, texture rugose; basal opening large, subcircular. Ligament long, rather broad.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF3FFC8DEA2FA614DE5135B" blockId="19.[160,1156,1032,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
The shell of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DF27FA614E961088" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[325,442,1414,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1455" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="engonia">
G.
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DF00FA614E961088" box="[354,442,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">engonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DCA8FA614C961088" box="[714,954,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DCA8FA614C121088" baseAuthorityName="A.E.Verrill &amp; S.Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[714,830,1414,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agassizi">G. agassizi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DD2AFA614C961088" baseAuthorityName="A.E.Verrill &amp; S.Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[840,954,1414,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="agasizzi">G. agasizzi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DD93FA614B511088" baseAuthorityName="Barnard" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[1009,1149,1414,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="verecunda">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DD93FA614B511088" box="[1009,1149,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">G. verecunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by possessing fewer spiral ribs. While their essential conchological similarity with the
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF3FFC8DF67FA2C4E4510F3" box="[261,361,1483,1508]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DFECFA2C4D2810F3" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[398,516,1483,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="engonia">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DFECFA2C4D2810F3" box="[398,516,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">G. engonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strongly supports the attribution of the samples studied here to this species, no molecular data on Atlantic populations are available. The transoceanic distribution of this taxon is hence treated here as tentative [see for instance
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF3FFC8DA24F9F64E9C135B" authority="(Clarke, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Theta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lyronuclea">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DA24F9F64E3C135B" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">Theta lyronuclea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF3FFC8DF7FF9D44E84135B" author="Clarke AH" box="[285,424,1587,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448" pagination="231 - 238" refId="ref15466" refString="Clarke AH. 1959. New abyssal mollusks from off Bermuda collected by the lamont geological observatory research vessels. Proc Malacol Soc Lond. 38: 231 - 238." type="journal article" year="1959">Clarke, 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(in Criscione
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF3FFC8DC23F9D44D5D135B" box="[577,625,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1448">et al</emphasis>
. 2021)].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
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<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF4FFCFDFE6FB1A4CB3100F" box="[388,927,1277,1304]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF4FFCFDFE6FB1A4CB3100F" blockId="20.[388,927,1277,1304]" box="[388,927,1277,1304]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">
<heading id="CA1BCD7EFFF4FFCFDFE6FB1A4CB3100F" box="[388,927,1277,1304]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF4FFCFDFE6FB1A4C06100F" ID-CoL="6L75F" authority="Sysoev, 1988" authorityName="Sysoev" authorityYear="1988" box="[388,810,1277,1304]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF4FFCFDFE6FB1A4DAF100F" box="[388,643,1277,1304]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Gymnobela angulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF4FFCFDCE9FB1A4C06100F" author="Sysoev AV" box="[651,810,1277,1304]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" pagination="965 - 973" refId="ref17495" refString="Sysoev AV. 1988. Ultra-abyssal findings of the family Turridae (Gastropoda, Toxoglossa) in the Pacific Ocean. Zool Zhurnal. 67 (7): 965 - 973." type="journal article" year="1988">Sysoev, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(PSH G3)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF4FFCFDC7DFACC4C2F1051" box="[543,771,1323,1350]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" type="description">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF4FFCFDC7DFACC4C2F1051" blockId="20.[543,771,1323,1350]" box="[543,771,1323,1350]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF4FFCFDC4AFACC4DE11051" box="[552,717,1323,1350]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[160,225,953,976]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetId="figure-163@8.[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G. frielei (Verril, 1885), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 44653; (B) G4/ G. frielei Australian Museum (AMS) C.571666; (C) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571702; (D) G4/G. frielei AMS C.482314; (E) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571812; (F) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571677;(G) G4/G. glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963), holotype Iziko South African Museum (ISAM) A9821; (H) G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc-22363 (I) G3/G. angulosa AMS C.571649; (J) G3/ G. angulosa AMS C.571648; (K) G3/G. angulosa, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758524/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Figures 4HK</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF4FFCFDCBBFACC4DD71051" box="[729,763,1323,1350]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-135@13.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Hypodermic teeth of primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G1/ Gymnobela agassizi (Verrill and Smith, 1880), Australian Museum (AMS) C.519355; (B) G2/Gymnobela engonia, AMS C.482287; (C) G3/Gymnobela angulosa Sysoev, 1988, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770; (D) G3/Gymnobela angulosa Sysoev, 1988 AMS C.571648; (E) G4/ Gymnobela frielei (Barnard, 1963) AMS C.482314; (F) P1/Pontiothauma sp. AMS C.482298; (G) P2/ Pontiothauma transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.519398. Scale bar: AE = 50 µm; FG = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758528/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">6D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF4FFCFDEA2FA884FF710BC" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF4FFCFDEA2FA884FF710BC" blockId="20.[160,1156,1391,1520]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1FC5D3CFFF4FFCFDEA2FA884FF710BC" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF4FFCFDEA2FA884D67109F" ID-CoL="6L75F" authority="Sysoev, 1988" authorityName="Sysoev" authorityYear="1988" box="[192,587,1391,1416]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF4FFCFDEA2FA884E80109F" box="[192,428,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Gymnobela angulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF4FFCFDFD4FA884D67109F" author="Sysoev AV" box="[438,587,1391,1416]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" pagination="965 - 973" refId="ref17495" refString="Sysoev AV. 1988. Ultra-abyssal findings of the family Turridae (Gastropoda, Toxoglossa) in the Pacific Ocean. Zool Zhurnal. 67 (7): 965 - 973." type="journal article" year="1988">Sysoev, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="104D5C03FFF4FFCFDC0EFA884C79109F" author="Sysoev AV" box="[620,853,1391,1416]" page="965" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF4FFCFDC0EFA884DD7109F" author="Sysoev AV" box="[620,763,1391,1416]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" pagination="965 - 973" refId="ref17495" refString="Sysoev AV. 1988. Ultra-abyssal findings of the family Turridae (Gastropoda, Toxoglossa) in the Pacific Ocean. Zool Zhurnal. 67 (7): 965 - 973." type="journal article" year="1988">Sysoev 1988</bibRefCitation>
, p. 965
</treatmentCitation>
967; pl. 2, figs. 12; pl. 3, fig. 1
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF4FFCFDEA2FA534DBB13D7" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF4FFCFDEA2FA534E8110E7" blockId="20.[160,1156,1391,1520]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF4FFCFDEA2FA534E8110E7" collectionCode="RV, ZMMU" elevation="5525" latitude="-39.95" location="Station" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="165.13" municipality="Sea" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasman" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF4FFCFDEA2FA534E0B10DA" box="[192,295,1460,1485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF4FFCFDF51FA534E8810DA" box="[307,420,1460,1485]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[160,225,953,976]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetId="figure-163@8.[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G. frielei (Verril, 1885), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 44653; (B) G4/ G. frielei Australian Museum (AMS) C.571666; (C) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571702; (D) G4/G. frielei AMS C.482314; (E) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571812; (F) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571677;(G) G4/G. glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963), holotype Iziko South African Museum (ISAM) A9821; (H) G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc-22363 (I) G3/G. angulosa AMS C.571649; (J) G3/ G. angulosa AMS C.571648; (K) G3/G. angulosa, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758524/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Figure 4H</figureCitation>
).
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF4FFCFDFD7FA534D2010DA" box="[437,524,1460,1485]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Tasman</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="7137E068FFF4FFCFDC70FA534D1510DA" box="[530,569,1460,1485]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Sea</collectingMunicipality>
(
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,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF4FFCFDCA1FA534C1910DA" box="[707,821,1460,1485]" degrees="165.130" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" precision="55" value="165.13">165.130°E</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="94332CC9FFF4FFCFDD26FA534CBF10DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1945CB04FFF4FFCEDFE6FB1A4B2C17E0:94332CC9FFF4FFCFDD26FA534CBF10DA" box="[836,915,1460,1485]" latitude="-39.95" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="165.13" municipality="Sea" name="Station" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" stateProvince="Tasman">Station</location>
no. 3156,
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF4FFCFDA64FA534B7010DA" box="[1030,1116,1460,1485]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.525" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" unit="m" value="5525.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF4FFCFDA64FA534B7010DA" box="[1030,1116,1460,1485]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.525" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" unit="m" value="5525.0">5525 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF4FFCFDA04FA534BAF10DA" box="[1126,1155,1460,1485]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">RV</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF4FFCFDEC2FA304FCE10E7" box="[160,226,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Vityaz</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF4FFCFDE8DFA304E1610E7" box="[239,314,1495,1520]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
Lc-22363.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF4FFCFDEC2F9FB4E531321" blockId="20.[160,1157,1564,1728]" box="[160,383,1564,1590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF4FFCFDEC2F9FB4E531321" bold="true" box="[160,383,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF4FFCFDEC2F9D84DBB13D7" blockId="20.[160,1157,1564,1728]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">
Other material:
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF4FFCFDF12F9D84DBF13D7" collectionCode="AMS, ZSM" collectorName="Basin, M" country="Australia" elevation="4133" latitude="0.63" location="Bass Strait" longLatPrecision="57" longitude="-6.43" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" specimenCode="V03" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasmania">
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF4FFCFDF12F9D84EF4134F" box="[368,472,1599,1624]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF4FFCFDF8DF9D84D4D134F" box="[495,609,1599,1624]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF4FFCFDC0BF9D84DEC134F" box="[617,704,1599,1624]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Victoria</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="94332CC9FFF4FFCFDCBAF9D84C77134F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1945CB04FFF4FFCEDFE6FB1A4B2C17E0:94332CC9FFF4FFCFDCBAF9D84C77134F" box="[728,859,1599,1624]" country="Australia" latitude="0.63" longLatPrecision="57" longitude="-6.43" name="Bass Strait" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" stateProvince="Tasmania">Bass Strait</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF4FFCFDDE1F9D84CC2134F" box="[899,1006,1599,1624]" degrees="39.552" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" precision="55" value="-39.552">39.552°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF4FFCFDA67F9D84B56134F" box="[1029,1146,1599,1624]" degrees="149.553" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" precision="55" value="149.553">149.553°E</geoCoordinate>
), IN2017_
<specimenCode id="C14AD269FFF4FFCFDE9FF9854E0B136C" box="[253,295,1634,1659]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
_030, 4197
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF4FFCFDFD2F9854D27136C" box="[432,523,1634,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.133" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" unit="m" value="4133.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF4FFCFDFD2F9854D27136C" box="[432,523,1634,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.133" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" unit="m" value="4133.0">4133 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF4FFCFDC0EF9854D8D136C" box="[620,673,1634,1659]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571648), 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF4FFCFDD1DF9854C98136C" box="[895,948,1634,1659]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571649); Africa,
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF4FFCFDEC2F9624FDE1389" box="[160,242,1669,1694]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, Guinea
<collectorName id="3C191FC4FFF4FFCFDF34F9624E981389" box="[342,436,1669,1694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449">Basin, M</collectorName>
632, Station 948 EBS (
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF4FFCFDCB3F9624C001389" box="[721,812,1669,1694]" degrees="0.630" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" precision="55" value="0.63">0.630°N</geoCoordinate>
, 6.430-
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF4FFCFDDF6F9624B301389" box="[916,1052,1669,1694]" degrees="6" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-6.43">6° 25 48”W</geoCoordinate>
), M 632 (948), 5151- m, 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF4FFCFDFCAF9404EF713D7" box="[424,475,1703,1728]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="20" pageNumber="1449" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
mol_20070770)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCEDEC2FF694E6315FA" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FF694E0015BF" blockId="21.[160,1155,142,237]" box="[160,300,142,168]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEC2FF694E0015BF" bold="true" box="[160,300,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FF554E6315FA" blockId="21.[160,1155,142,237]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
N Pacific Ocean (off Japanese Archipelago);
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF5FFCEDCEFFF554DC815DC" box="[653,740,178,203]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Tasman</collectingRegion>
Sea (Bass Strait), Central Atlantic (off western Africa).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCEDEC2FEFD4B2C17E0" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FEFD4E2A1423" blockId="21.[160,1156,282,759]" box="[160,262,282,308]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEC2FEFD4E2A1423" bold="true" box="[160,262,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FED94D0F14F6" blockId="21.[160,1156,282,759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF5FFCEDEC2FED94C7C148B" collectionCode="ZMMU" location="University" municipality="Zoological Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moscow" typeStatus="holotype">
At the time of writing, the
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF5FFCEDFB7FED94D151440" box="[469,569,318,343]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of this species could not be located by staff of the
<collectingMunicipality id="7137E068FFF5FFCEDEC2FE874E51146E" box="[160,381,352,377]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Zoological Museum</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF5FFCEDFC0FE874ED3146E" box="[418,511,352,377]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Moscow</collectingRegion>
<location id="94332CC9FFF5FFCEDC64FE874D59146E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1945CB04FFF4FFCEDFE6FB1A4B2C17E0:94332CC9FFF5FFCEDC64FE874D59146E" box="[518,629,352,377]" municipality="Zoological Museum" name="University" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" stateProvince="Moscow">University</location>
(
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF5FFCEDCE1FE874DF8146E" box="[643,724,352,377]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/k3qp-615s" name="Zoological Museum, Moscow Lomonosov State University" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="Museum">ZMMU</collectionCode>
), and all observations were conducted on the only available photograph of its shell (
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF5FFCEDCB0FE644C6B148B" box="[722,839,387,412]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[160,225,953,976]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetId="figure-163@8.[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G. frielei (Verril, 1885), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 44653; (B) G4/ G. frielei Australian Museum (AMS) C.571666; (C) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571702; (D) G4/G. frielei AMS C.482314; (E) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571812; (F) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571677;(G) G4/G. glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963), holotype Iziko South African Museum (ISAM) A9821; (H) G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc-22363 (I) G3/G. angulosa AMS C.571649; (J) G3/ G. angulosa AMS C.571648; (K) G3/G. angulosa, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758524/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Figure 4H</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
. The shell of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDD98FE644BAF148B" authorityName="Sysoev" authorityYear="1988" box="[1018,1155,387,412]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDD98FE644BAF148B" box="[1018,1155,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">G. angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF5FFCEDECAFE414E1214A8" box="[168,318,422,447]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[160,225,953,976]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetId="figure-163@8.[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G. frielei (Verril, 1885), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 44653; (B) G4/ G. frielei Australian Museum (AMS) C.571666; (C) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571702; (D) G4/G. frielei AMS C.482314; (E) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571812; (F) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571677;(G) G4/G. glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963), holotype Iziko South African Museum (ISAM) A9821; (H) G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc-22363 (I) G3/G. angulosa AMS C.571649; (J) G3/ G. angulosa AMS C.571648; (K) G3/G. angulosa, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758524/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Figures 4HK</figureCitation>
) is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDC54FE414DED14A8" authorityName="Sysoev" authorityYear="1997" box="[566,705,422,447]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mitrodeta">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDC54FE414DED14A8" box="[566,705,422,447]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">G. mitrodeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF5FFCEDCB0FE414C6E14A8" box="[722,834,422,447]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="17.[160,225,945,968]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,913]" captionTargetId="figure-112@17.[163,1153,142,913]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 8. Shells of Gymnobela species vouchers. (A) G. bairdii (Verrill and Smith, 1884), syntype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (UNSM) 37824; (B) G. rotundata Sysoev, 1990, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc 5718; (C) G. abyssorum (Locard, 1897), lectotype Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle (MNHN) IM-2000-2750; (D) G. chyta (Watson, 1881), holotype Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom (NHMUK) 1887.2.9.1108; (E) G. granulisculpturata Sysoev, 1990, holotype ZMMU Lc 5725; (F) G. verecunda (Barnard, 1963), lectotype ISAM A9697; (G) G. mitrodeta Sysoev, 1997, holotype MNHN IM-2000-3121; (H) G. laticaudata Sysoev, 1990, holotype ZMMU Lc 5735; (I) G. engonia figured in Bouchet and Warén 1980 (fig. 123). Scale bar: A, C, FG, I = 10 mm; B, H = 3.3 mm; DE = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758532/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Figure 8G</figureCitation>
), differing by its taller spire and more cylindrical whorl profile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEA2FE0C4B2C17E0" blockId="21.[160,1156,282,759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
As no description of the anatomy is available for this species [except for a figure of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDA3CFE0C4FCA1730" genus="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="1455" rank="species" species="radula">the radula</taxonomicName>
of the
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF5FFCEDF5FFDE94E8D1730" box="[317,417,526,551]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF5FFCEDFD2FDE94D131730" author="Sysoev AV" box="[432,575,526,551]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" pagination="965 - 973" refId="ref17495" refString="Sysoev AV. 1988. Ultra-abyssal findings of the family Turridae (Gastropoda, Toxoglossa) in the Pacific Ocean. Zool Zhurnal. 67 (7): 965 - 973." type="journal article" year="1988">Sysoev 1988</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 3, fig. 1)], further anatomical details (based on AMS C.571648) are given below. Animal pale blue. Cephalic tentacles short, blunt; eyes very small. Venom apparatus: proboscis long, coiled; venom gland very long, convoluted; muscular bulb moderately large, elongate-ovate, pearlescent. Radula of hypodermic teeth, straight, tightly rolled; approximately 150 µm in length; adapical opening long; ventral side forming blade approximately 1/5 of length of tooth; base wide, angular, with lateral process; texture rugose; basal opening large, subcircular, unrestricted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
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<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCEDFF8FCD24CA61647" box="[410,906,821,848]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDFF8FCD24CA61647" blockId="21.[410,906,821,848]" box="[410,906,821,848]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<heading id="CA1BCD7EFFF5FFCEDFF8FCD24CA61647" box="[410,906,821,848]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDFF8FCD24C391647" ID-CoL="6KV5B" authority="(Verrill, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[410,789,821,848]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="frielei">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDFF8FCD24D471647" box="[410,619,821,848]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Gymnobela frielei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF5FFCEDC18FCD24C211647" author="Verrill AE" box="[634,781,821,848]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" pagination="395 - 452" refId="ref17836" refString="Verrill AE. 1885. Third catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the fauna of the New England coast and the adjacent parts of the Atlantic, consisting mostly of deep-sea species with notes on others previously recorded. Trans Connecticut Acad Arts Sci. 6: 395 - 452." type="journal article" year="1885">Verrill, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(PSH G4)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCEDC44FC834DD11668" box="[550,765,868,895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="description">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDC44FC834DD11668" blockId="21.[550,765,868,895]" box="[550,765,868,895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF5FFCEDC4DFC834DB21668" box="[559,670,868,895]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[160,225,953,976]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetId="figure-163@8.[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G. frielei (Verril, 1885), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 44653; (B) G4/ G. frielei Australian Museum (AMS) C.571666; (C) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571702; (D) G4/G. frielei AMS C.482314; (E) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571812; (F) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571677;(G) G4/G. glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963), holotype Iziko South African Museum (ISAM) A9821; (H) G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc-22363 (I) G3/G. angulosa AMS C.571649; (J) G3/ G. angulosa AMS C.571648; (K) G3/G. angulosa, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758524/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Figures 4</figureCitation>
A-F, 6E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCEDEA2FC4F4EB81110" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEA2FC4F4C8D16D6" blockId="21.[160,1156,936,1065]" box="[192,929,936,961]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1FC5D3CFFF5FFCEDEA2FC4F4C8D16D6" box="[192,929,936,961]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDEA2FC4F4D0816D6" ID-CoL="7849Q" authority="Verrill, 1885" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1885" box="[192,548,936,961]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="frielei">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEA2FC4F4EB516D6" box="[192,409,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Pleurotomella frielei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF5FFCEDFC2FC4F4D0816D6" author="Verrill AE" box="[416,548,936,961]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" pagination="395 - 452" refId="ref17836" refString="Verrill AE. 1885. Third catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the fauna of the New England coast and the adjacent parts of the Atlantic, consisting mostly of deep-sea species with notes on others previously recorded. Trans Connecticut Acad Arts Sci. 6: 395 - 452." type="journal article" year="1885">Verrill, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="104D5C03FFF5FFCEDC22FC4F4C3816D6" author="Verrill AE" box="[576,788,936,961]" page="413" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF5FFCEDC22FC4F4D9316D6" author="Verrill AE" box="[576,703,936,961]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" pagination="395 - 452" refId="ref17836" refString="Verrill AE. 1885. Third catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the fauna of the New England coast and the adjacent parts of the Atlantic, consisting mostly of deep-sea species with notes on others previously recorded. Trans Connecticut Acad Arts Sci. 6: 395 - 452." type="journal article" year="1885">Verrill 1885</bibRefCitation>
, p. 413
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 44, fig. 5
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEA2FC2C4EB81110" blockId="21.[160,1156,936,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDEA2FC2C4C2216F3" ID-CoL="77RVP" authority="Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1896" authorityName="Dautzenberg and Fischer" authorityYear="1896" box="[192,782,971,996]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="polysarca">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEA2FC2C4E8716F3" box="[192,427,971,996]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Pleurotoma polysarca</emphasis>
Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1896
</taxonomicName>
Dautzenberg and Fischer 1896: 422, pl. 17, figs 1112
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCEDEA2FBF74B3C113E" box="[192,1040,1040,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="description">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEA2FBF74B3C113E" blockId="21.[160,1156,936,1065]" box="[192,1040,1040,1065]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDEA2FBF74EFA113E" authorityName="Locard" authorityYear="1897" box="[192,470,1040,1065]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mangeliidae" genus="Bela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="polysarca" variety="minor">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEA2FBF74E70113E" box="[192,348,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Bela polysarca</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDFF6FBF74EFA113E" box="[404,470,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDFB7FBF74DB1113E" box="[469,669,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">, ventricosa, major</emphasis>
Locard, 1897 Locard 1897: 246
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCEDEC2FBB14D3511CF" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FBB14E531167" blockId="21.[160,1155,1110,1240]" box="[160,383,1110,1136]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEC2FBB14E531167" bold="true" box="[160,383,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FB9D4D3511CF" blockId="21.[160,1155,1110,1240]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF5FFCEDEC2FB9D4D3911CF" collectionCode="AMS" country="Australia" elevation="2636" latitude="-35.333" location="Jervis" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="151.258" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" specimenCode="V03" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF5FFCEDEC2FB9D4E281184" box="[160,260,1146,1171]" name="Australia" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF5FFCEDF72FB9D4EF71184" box="[272,475,1146,1171]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="94332CC9FFF5FFCEDF85FB9D4D091184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1945CB04FFF5FFCDDFF8FCD24C1F162D:94332CC9FFF5FFCEDF85FB9D4D091184" box="[487,549,1146,1171]" country="Australia" latitude="-35.333" longLatPrecision="71" longitude="151.258" name="Jervis" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" stateProvince="New South Wales">Jervis</location>
CMR (
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,
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), IN2017_
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_056, 2650
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<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF5FFCEDEC2FB7B4FD911A2" box="[160,245,1180,1205]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.636" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" unit="m" value="2636.0">2636 m</elevation>
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, 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF5FFCEDF28FB7B4E5311A2" box="[330,383,1180,1205]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">AMS</collectionCode>
C.482314), 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF5FFCEDC2EFB7B4DAD11A2" box="[588,641,1180,1205]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571677), 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF5FFCEDD2FFB7B4CAE11A2" box="[845,898,1180,1205]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571702), 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF5FFCEDA2CFB7B4BAF11A2" box="[1102,1155,1180,1205]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571666), 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF5FFCEDF0AFB584EB111CF" box="[360,413,1215,1240]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571812)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCEDEC2FAE24CC11055" box="[160,1005,1285,1346]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FAE24E001008" blockId="21.[160,1005,1285,1346]" box="[160,300,1285,1311]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEC2FAE24E001008" bold="true" box="[160,300,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FACE4CC11055" blockId="21.[160,1005,1285,1346]" box="[160,1005,1321,1346]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF5FFCEDEC2FACE4CC51055" box="[160,1001,1321,1346]" location="South Atlantic Ocean" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<location id="94332CC9FFF5FFCEDEC2FACE4EA21055" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1945CB04FFF5FFCDDFF8FCD24C1F162D:94332CC9FFF5FFCEDEC2FACE4EA21055" box="[160,398,1321,1346]" name="South Atlantic Ocean" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" stateProvince="Western Cape">South Atlantic Ocean</location>
(off
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF5FFCEDFA1FACE4D7A1055" box="[451,598,1321,1346]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Cape Region</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingRegion id="5328B4F0FFF5FFCEDC04FACE4D911055" box="[614,701,1321,1346]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Tasman</collectingRegion>
Sea (off NSW south coast)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF5FFCDDEC2FA894C1F162D" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="1451" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCEDEC2FA894E2A109F" blockId="21.[160,1156,1390,1728]" box="[160,262,1390,1416]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEC2FA894E2A109F" bold="true" box="[160,262,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF5FFCDDEC2FA754FD31460" blockId="21.[160,1156,1390,1728]" lastBlockId="22.[160,1156,142,826]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="1451" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">
The shell attributed to
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDFFCFA754EDA10BC" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1885" box="[414,502,1426,1451]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="frielei">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDFFCFA754EDA10BC" box="[414,502,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">G. frielei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF5FFCEDC7CFA754C1310BC" author="Bouchet P &amp; Waren A" box="[542,831,1426,1451]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref15426" refString="Bouchet P, Waren A. 1980. Revision of the north east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). J Molluscan Stud Supp. 46 (8 (Supplement )): 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouchet and Warén (1980</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 124) exhibits a markedly less convex spire than that of the
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF5FFCEDC7AFA524D5310D9" box="[536,639,1461,1486]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. We are therefore uncertain as to whether this shell is conspecific with the
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF5FFCEDFB1FA304D1B10E7" box="[467,567,1495,1520]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDC3AFA304D8310E7" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1885" box="[600,687,1495,1520]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="frielei">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDC3AFA304D8310E7" box="[600,687,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">G. frielei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF5FFCEDCDEFA304C0A10E7" box="[700,806,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[160,225,953,976]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetId="figure-163@8.[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G. frielei (Verril, 1885), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 44653; (B) G4/ G. frielei Australian Museum (AMS) C.571666; (C) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571702; (D) G4/G. frielei AMS C.482314; (E) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571812; (F) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571677;(G) G4/G. glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963), holotype Iziko South African Museum (ISAM) A9821; (H) G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc-22363 (I) G3/G. angulosa AMS C.571649; (J) G3/ G. angulosa AMS C.571648; (K) G3/G. angulosa, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758524/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
). The material examined herein also possesses the convex spire characteristic of the
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF5FFCEDC9BFA1D4C711304" box="[761,861,1530,1555]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF5FFCEDD0FFA1D4CD91304" box="[877,1013,1530,1555]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[160,225,953,976]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetId="figure-163@8.[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G. frielei (Verril, 1885), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 44653; (B) G4/ G. frielei Australian Museum (AMS) C.571666; (C) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571702; (D) G4/G. frielei AMS C.482314; (E) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571812; (F) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571677;(G) G4/G. glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963), holotype Iziko South African Museum (ISAM) A9821; (H) G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc-22363 (I) G3/G. angulosa AMS C.571649; (J) G3/ G. angulosa AMS C.571648; (K) G3/G. angulosa, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758524/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Figure 4AF</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDA69FA1D4BAF1304" box="[1035,1155,1530,1555]" genus="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" rank="species" species="radula">The radula</taxonomicName>
figured for this species by
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF5FFCEDFA9F9FA4DDC1321" author="Bouchet P &amp; Waren A" box="[459,752,1565,1590]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" pagination="1 - 119" refId="ref15426" refString="Bouchet P, Waren A. 1980. Revision of the north east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). J Molluscan Stud Supp. 46 (8 (Supplement )): 1 - 119." type="journal article" year="1980">Bouchet and Warén (1980</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 27) appears quite distinct from the
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDEB0F9D84E7D134F" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1884" box="[210,337,1599,1624]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDEB0F9D84E7D134F" box="[210,337,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Gymnobela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
radulae examined by us (
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF5FFCEDCF2F9D84C32134F" box="[656,798,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-135@13.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Hypodermic teeth of primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G1/ Gymnobela agassizi (Verrill and Smith, 1880), Australian Museum (AMS) C.519355; (B) G2/Gymnobela engonia, AMS C.482287; (C) G3/Gymnobela angulosa Sysoev, 1988, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770; (D) G3/Gymnobela angulosa Sysoev, 1988 AMS C.571648; (E) G4/ Gymnobela frielei (Barnard, 1963) AMS C.482314; (F) P1/Pontiothauma sp. AMS C.482298; (G) P2/ Pontiothauma transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.519398. Scale bar: AE = 50 µm; FG = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758528/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">Figure 6AE</figureCitation>
). The source specimen is not available for examination, so we cannot assess the shell from which it was extracted.
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDEC2F9624E361389" box="[160,282,1669,1694]" genus="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" rank="species" species="radula">The radula</taxonomicName>
figured there appears to have a distinct barb, and there is no evidence of a ventral blade; in contrast, their depiction of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDCC2F9404C3E13D7" box="[672,786,1703,1728]" genus="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="1455" rank="species" species="radula">the radula</taxonomicName>
of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF5FFCEDD55F9404C8013D7" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[823,940,1703,1728]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="engonia">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF5FFCEDD55F9404C8013D7" box="[823,940,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1450">G. engonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that same study (fig. 26) is consistent with our understanding of the genus, in that it exhibits no distinct barb, but a prominent ventral blade. All we can say in this regard is that
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF6FFCDDA6EFF564BAF15DD" box="[1036,1155,177,202]" genus="The" pageId="22" pageNumber="1455" rank="species" species="radula">the radula</taxonomicName>
provided there attributed to
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF6FFCDDC65FF334D4515FA" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1885" box="[519,617,212,237]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="frielei">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF6FFCDDC65FF334D4515FA" box="[519,617,212,237]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451">G. frielei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possibly represents additional characters in
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF6FFCDDEC2FF114E301418" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1884" box="[160,284,246,271]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF6FFCDDEC2FF114E301418" box="[160,284,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451">Gymnobela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
radulae, or that it indeed belongs to another, yet to be determined genus. The shell of this species is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF6FFCDDC1FFEFE4C361425" baseAuthorityName="Barnard" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[637,794,281,306]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Gymnobela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="glaucocreas">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF6FFCDDC1FFEFE4C361425" box="[637,794,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451">G. glaucocreas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, known only from the shell of its
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF6FFCDDEC2FEDB4E281442" box="[160,260,316,341]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF6FFCDDF71FEDB4EAD1442" box="[275,385,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[160,225,953,976]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetId="figure-163@8.[163,1153,142,921]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Shells of Gymnobela primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G. frielei (Verril, 1885), holotype Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 44653; (B) G4/ G. frielei Australian Museum (AMS) C.571666; (C) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571702; (D) G4/G. frielei AMS C.482314; (E) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571812; (F) G4/G. frielei AMS C.571677;(G) G4/G. glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963), holotype Iziko South African Museum (ISAM) A9821; (H) G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988, holotype Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMMU) Lc-22363 (I) G3/G. angulosa AMS C.571649; (J) G3/ G. angulosa AMS C.571648; (K) G3/G. angulosa, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770. Scale bar = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758524/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451">Figure 4G</figureCitation>
), which differs in being more elevated and possessing more numerous ribs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF6FFCDDEA2FE664D9D17E2" blockId="22.[160,1156,142,826]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451">Internal and external anatomy is here observed for the first time and described as follows: animal (based on AMS C.482314) pale blue (in life, then fading to white); cephalic tentacles medium long, thick, cylindrical, eyes very small; penis large, rather long, coiling clockwise, blunt tip except for small distal papilla-like appendage; proboscis club-shaped; venom gland moderately large, coiled; muscular bulb elongated, pearlescent. Radula (based on AMS C.571702) of relatively straight, tightly rolled hypodermic teeth attaining approximately 100 µm in length; no distinct ventral barb; ventral blade distinctly elevated, approximately 1/5 of length of tooth, somewhat sagittate in appearance in some teeth; adapical opening elongated, about 1/7 of length of tooth; base wide, angular, with distinct but shallow lateral process; exterior texture somewhat coarse; basal opening large, subcircular. Ligament rather long, broad.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF6FFCDDEA2FD194C1F162D" blockId="22.[160,1156,142,826]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451">
The transoceanic distribution inferred here for this species follows the same rationale as that of
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF6FFCDDF73FCC64EAB162D" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[273,391,801,826]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pleurotomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="engonia">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF6FFCDDF73FCC64EAB162D" box="[273,391,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1451">G. engonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Remarks herein for that species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
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<mods:title id="8C3A0F2CCA4A212F0B20ED99960B0F43">Integrative taxonomy of Gymnobela and Pontiothauma (Conoidea: Raphitomidae) from Australian waters provides more evidence of transoceanic distribution in deep-sea gastropods</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DFF5FF694CA015BE" blockId="24.[407,908,142,169]" box="[407,908,142,169]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
<heading id="CA1BCD7EFFF8FFC3DFF5FF694CA015BE" box="[407,908,142,169]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF8FFC3DFF5FF694DE015BE" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" box="[407,716,142,169]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pontiothauma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="transregna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF8FFC3DFF5FF694DE015BE" box="[407,716,142,169]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Pontiothauma transregna</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A398A600FFF8FFC3DCB6FF694C3715BE" bold="true" box="[724,795,142,169]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
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</emphasis>
(PSH P2)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF8FFC3DC43FF254B061437" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="description">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DC43FF254C2E15CA" blockId="24.[545,770,194,221]" box="[545,770,194,221]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF8FFC3DC4BFF254DE115CA" box="[553,717,194,221]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-47@9.[163,1153,142,1256]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of Pontiothauma primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species. (A) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.519343; (B) P1/ P. sp. Australian Museum (AMS) C.571758; (C) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.482298; (D) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.519375; (E) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. holotype AMS C.571641; (F) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.519398; (G) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.593511; (H) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.482289; (I) P. mirabile holotype E.A. Smith 1895 Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) M179/1; (J) P. pacei E.A. Smith 1906 paratype Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom (NHMUK) 1906.7.21.1; (K) P. sp. AMS C.547959; (L) Miniatures of shells drawn to scale. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758526/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Figures 5EH</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF8FFC3DCBAFF254DD615CA" box="[728,762,194,221]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1164,1187]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-135@13.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Hypodermic teeth of primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species studied herein. (A) G1/ Gymnobela agassizi (Verrill and Smith, 1880), Australian Museum (AMS) C.519355; (B) G2/Gymnobela engonia, AMS C.482287; (C) G3/Gymnobela angulosa Sysoev, 1988, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) mol 20070770; (D) G3/Gymnobela angulosa Sysoev, 1988 AMS C.571648; (E) G4/ Gymnobela frielei (Barnard, 1963) AMS C.482314; (F) P1/Pontiothauma sp. AMS C.482298; (G) P2/ Pontiothauma transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.519398. Scale bar: AE = 50 µm; FG = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758528/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">6G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF8FFC3DEC2FEB74ED31776" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEC2FEB74E53147D" blockId="24.[160,1155,336,431]" box="[160,383,336,362]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF8FFC3DEC2FEB74E53147D" bold="true" box="[160,383,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEC2FE944E9F14B8" blockId="24.[160,1155,336,431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF8FFC3DEC2FE944E9F14B8" collectionCode="AMS" country="Australia" elevation="2474" latitude="-32.575" location="Hunter" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="153.162" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" specimenCode="V03" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF8FFC3DEC2FE944E3E149A" bold="true" box="[160,274,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF8FFC3DEC2FE944E21149A" box="[160,269,371,397]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF8FFC3DF43FE944EA9149B" box="[289,389,371,396]" name="Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Australia</collectingCountry>
, NSW,
<location id="94332CC9FFF8FFC3DFB4FE944D08149B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1945CB04FFF8FFC2DFF5FF694E40177C:94332CC9FFF8FFC3DFB4FE944D08149B" box="[470,548,371,396]" country="Australia" latitude="-32.575" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="153.162" name="Hunter" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Hunter</location>
CMR (
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF8FFC3DC1FFE944DCF149B" box="[637,739,371,396]" degrees="32.575" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" precision="55" value="-32.575">32.575°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF8FFC3DC92FE944C4E149B" box="[752,866,371,396]" degrees="153.162" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" precision="55" value="153.162">153.162°E</geoCoordinate>
), IN2017_
<specimenCode id="C14AD269FFF8FFC3DDB2FE944CD6149B" box="[976,1018,371,396]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
_070, 2595
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF8FFC3DEC2FE714FD814B8" box="[160,244,406,431]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.474" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" unit="m" value="2474.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF8FFC3DEC2FE714FD814B8" box="[160,244,406,431]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.474" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" unit="m" value="2474.0">2474 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF8FFC3DF63FE714E1A14B8" box="[257,310,406,431]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571641).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEC2FE384ED31776" blockId="24.[160,1156,479,609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF8FFC3DEC2FE384E3014EE" bold="true" box="[160,284,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF8FFC3DEC2FE384E3B14EE" box="[160,279,479,505]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Same as
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF8FFC3DFF1FE074ED614EE" box="[403,506,480,505]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<materialsCitation id="2184704FFFF8FFC3DC64FE074ED71776" collectionCode="AMS, AIOT" country="Australia" elevation="2474" latitude="-10.556" location="Central Eastern" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="105.764" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" specimenCode="V03, V04" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF8FFC3DC34FE074DA714EE" box="[598,651,480,505]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">AMS</collectionCode>
C.571641), 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF8FFC3DD03FE074CBA14EE" box="[865,918,480,505]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">AMS</collectionCode>
C.519398);
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF8FFC3DA7EFE074BAC14EE" box="[1052,1152,480,505]" name="Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Australia</collectingCountry>
, NSW,
<location id="94332CC9FFF8FFC3DE80FDE44EA0170B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1945CB04FFF8FFC2DFF5FF694E40177C:94332CC9FFF8FFC3DE80FDE44EA0170B" box="[226,396,515,540]" country="Australia" latitude="-10.556" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="105.764" name="Central Eastern" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Central Eastern</location>
CMR (
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF8FFC3DF80FDE44D64170B" box="[482,584,515,540]" degrees="30.098" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" precision="55" value="-30.098">30.098°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF8FFC3DC31FDE44DE9170B" box="[595,709,515,540]" degrees="153.870" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" precision="55" value="153.87">153.870°E</geoCoordinate>
), IN2017_
<specimenCode id="C14AD269FFF8FFC3DD53FDE44C77170B" box="[817,859,515,540]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
_086,
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF8FFC3DDFCFDE44B15170B" box="[926,1081,515,540]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4735" metricValueMax="2.518" metricValueMin="2.429" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" unit="m" value="2473.5" valueMax="2518.0" valueMin="2429.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF8FFC3DDFCFDE44B15170B" box="[926,1081,515,540]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4735" metricValueMax="2.518" metricValueMin="2.429" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" unit="m" value="2473.5" valueMax="2518.0" valueMin="2429.0">24292518 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF8FFC3DEC7FDC14FF61728" box="[165,218,550,575]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">AMS</collectionCode>
C.482289);
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF8FFC3DF38FDC14EBF1728" box="[346,403,550,575]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">AIOT</collectionCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF8FFC3DFF9FDC14D7D1728" box="[411,593,550,575]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
SE (
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF8FFC3DCEBFDC14DDC1728" box="[649,752,550,575]" degrees="10.556" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" precision="55" value="-10.556">10.556°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F4D81CD5FFF8FFC3DC9AFDC14C451728" box="[760,873,550,575]" degrees="105.764" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" precision="55" value="105.764">105.764°E</geoCoordinate>
), IN2021_
<specimenCode id="C14AD269FFF8FFC3DDB0FDC14CD11728" box="[978,1021,550,575]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="Museum">V04</specimenCode>
_007,
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF8FFC3DA5DFDC14FDA1776" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2725" metricValueMax="3.345" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" unit="m" value="3272.5" valueMax="3345.0" valueMin="3200.0">
<elevation id="1AC19D21FFF8FFC3DA5DFDC14FDA1776" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2725" metricValueMax="3.345" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" unit="m" value="3272.5" valueMax="3345.0" valueMin="3200.0">3200 3345 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 1 wet (
<collectionCode id="F7FDE2D7FFF8FFC3DF2FFDAF4EAE1776" box="[333,386,584,609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">AMS</collectionCode>
C.593511)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF8FFC3DEC2FD754E5F1621" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEC2FD754E3117BB" blockId="24.[160,1156,658,822]" box="[160,285,658,684]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF8FFC3DEC2FD754E3117BB" bold="true" box="[160,285,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEC2FD524E5F1621" blockId="24.[160,1156,658,822]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
In reference to its (supported by molecular data) occurrence in at least two separate marine realms (#13 and #16 of
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF8FFC3DC66FD3F4DF017E6" author="Costello MJ &amp; Tsai P &amp; Wong PS &amp; Cheung AKL &amp; Basher Z &amp; Chaudhary C" box="[516,732,728,753]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" refId="ref15525" refString="Costello MJ, Tsai P, Wong PS, Cheung AKL, Basher Z, Chaudhary C. 2017. Marine biogeographic realms and species endemicity. Nat Commun. 8 (1): 1057. doi: 10.1038 / s 41467 - 017 - 01121 - 2." type="journal volume" year="2017">
Costello
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF8FFC3DC04FD3F4DBB17E6" box="[614,663,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
), derived from trans (Latin = across) and regnum (Latin = realm). Plural of composite noun of neuter gender and nominative case in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF8FFC3DEC2FC814C8013D7" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="description">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEC2FC814E0A1697" blockId="24.[160,1157,870,1728]" box="[160,294,870,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF8FFC3DEC2FC814E0A1697" bold="true" box="[160,294,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEC2FC6D4E271037" blockId="24.[160,1157,870,1728]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Shell fusiform, moderately thin. Protoconch eroded. Teleoconch white, suture impressed. Whorl profile medium broad, with wide, lightly concave, oblique subsutural ramp, moderately demarcated from whorl periphery. Lower portion of whorl subcylindrical. Subsutural ramp sculpture of dense arcuate growth lines, reflecting shape of anal sinus, and dense spiral cords, more or less evenly covering entire whorl, including last adult whorl (which contains approximately 70 cords; difficult to count with precision due to significant erosion); intermittent grooves about half width of cords. Teleoconch axial sculpture of distinct but eroded opisthocline ribs below subsutural ramp (20 on last whorl), most prominent at shoulder, then weakening, progressively becoming subobsolete towards suture; microsculpture of growth lines. Last adult whorl shouldered, more or less evenly convex below shoulder, gradually tapering towards mildly attenuated siphonal canal.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEA2FACD4C2F109F" blockId="24.[160,1157,870,1728]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">Aperture elongated, nearly half of total shell length; outer lip thin, unsculptured. Inner lip with distinct white callus, with spiral cords not extending onto rather straight columella. Anal sinus wide, moderately shallow, U-shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF8FFC3DEA2FA754C8013D7" blockId="24.[160,1157,870,1728]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453">
Anatomy (based on
<typeStatus id="4E57C4B0FFF8FFC3DFC5FA754D2710BC" box="[423,523,1426,1451]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1453" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
AMS C.519398): animal cream; cephalic tentacles short, cylindrical; eyes not recorded. Penis moderately large, cylindrical. Testis and prostate extremely well-developed. Proboscis relatively small; radular sac large, elongate; venom gland very large, long, convoluted, situated obliquely and rather anteriorly in rhynchocoel and almost parallel with proboscis; muscular bulb large, bean-shaped, pearlescent. Radula of hypodermic teeth, loosely rolled, up to approximately 350 µm in length, relatively straight; two barbs, comparatively blunt, with extremely elongated adapical opening (about half length of tooth) situated posterior to barb most adjacent to tip; basal swelling moderately broad, texture rough; basal opening large, unconstricted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F62999FFF9FFC2DEC2FF694E40177C" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF9FFC2DEC2FF694E2A15BF" blockId="25.[160,1156,142,619]" box="[160,262,142,168]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF9FFC2DEC2FF694E2A15BF" bold="true" box="[160,262,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91537A12FFF9FFC2DEC2FF554E40177C" blockId="25.[160,1156,142,619]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF9FFC2DEC2FF554E9515DC" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" box="[160,441,178,203]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pontiothauma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="transregna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF9FFC2DEC2FF554E9515DC" box="[160,441,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Pontiothauma transregna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF9FFC2DFA2FF554ED315DC" bold="true" box="[448,511,178,203]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8AB1B7BFFF9FFC2DFA2FF554ED315DC" box="[448,511,178,203]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF9FFC2DD57FF554C8B15DC" authorityName="E. A. Smith" authorityYear="1895" box="[821,935,178,203]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pontiothauma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF9FFC2DD57FF554C8B15DC" box="[821,935,178,203]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">P. mirabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the significantly larger size of the latter (cf.
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF9FFC2DFA9FF334D1F15FA" box="[459,563,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-47@9.[163,1153,142,1256]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of Pontiothauma primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species. (A) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.519343; (B) P1/ P. sp. Australian Museum (AMS) C.571758; (C) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.482298; (D) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.519375; (E) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. holotype AMS C.571641; (F) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.519398; (G) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.593511; (H) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.482289; (I) P. mirabile holotype E.A. Smith 1895 Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) M179/1; (J) P. pacei E.A. Smith 1906 paratype Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom (NHMUK) 1906.7.21.1; (K) P. sp. AMS C.547959; (L) Miniatures of shells drawn to scale. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Figure 5L</figureCitation>
), with the latter also possessing a deeper suture and more prominent spiral cords than the former. It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF9FFC2DD83FF104B181407" authorityName="E. A. Smith" authorityYear="1906" box="[993,1076,247,272]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pontiothauma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pacei">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF9FFC2DD83FF104B181407" box="[993,1076,247,272]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">P. pacei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that the latter has a wider subsutural ramp (more or less half the height of the whorl; see
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF9FFC2DEC2FEDB4E291442" box="[160,261,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-47@9.[163,1153,142,1256]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Shells of Pontiothauma primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species. (A) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.519343; (B) P1/ P. sp. Australian Museum (AMS) C.571758; (C) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.482298; (D) P1/ P. sp. AMS C.519375; (E) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. holotype AMS C.571641; (F) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.519398; (G) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.593511; (H) P2/ P. transregna sp. n. paratype AMS C.482289; (I) P. mirabile holotype E.A. Smith 1895 Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) M179/1; (J) P. pacei E.A. Smith 1906 paratype Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom (NHMUK) 1906.7.21.1; (K) P. sp. AMS C.547959; (L) Miniatures of shells drawn to scale. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758526" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758526/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Figure 5J</figureCitation>
), a more angulated, clearly defined shoulder, a wider spire, and more prominent axial ribs.
<taxonomicName id="56EC0191FFF9FFC2DF71FEB84D02146F" authorityName="Criscione &amp; Hallan" authorityYear="2024" box="[275,558,351,376]" class="Gastropoda" family="Raphitomidae" genus="Pontiothauma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="transregna">
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF9FFC2DF71FEB84D02146F" box="[275,558,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Pontiothauma transregna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wide distribution, with molecular evidence of a range spanning at least from
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF9FFC2DC73FE654DE7148C" box="[529,715,386,411]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
in the AIOT to southeastern
<collectingCountry id="E9FB3A82FFF9FFC2DA40FE654BAF148C" box="[1058,1155,386,411]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF9FFC2DECAFE434E2514AA" box="[168,265,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[160,225,1373,1396]" captionTargetBox="[258,1058,142,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-54@3.[258,1058,142,1342]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of taxa studied herein in Australian waters. Numbers and letters in shapes indicate primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species of: Gymnobela [circles: 1 G1/ G. agassizi (Verrill and Smith, 1880); 2 G2/G. engonia (Verrill, 1884); 3 G3/G. angulosa Sysoev, 1988; 4 G4/G. frielei (Verril, 1885)] and Pontiothauma (squares: 1 P1/P. sp.; 2 P2/ P. transregna sp. n.). Thin lines mark limits among marine realms (numbered as in Costello et al. 2017). Asterisks mark non-sequenced material. Scale bars = 200 km." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758518/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). While it is likely contiguous in its distribution between these two known regions, it has not yet been recorded from any other Australian deep-sea cruises in which other raphitomids have been found (see Criscione
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF9FFC2DD48FE0D4C761714" box="[810,858,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">et al</emphasis>
. 2021, 2021b;
<bibRefCitation id="F57D07E3FFF9FFC2DD9DFE0D4FFB1732" author="Hallan A &amp; Criscione F &amp; Fedosov A &amp; Puillandre N" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" pagination="181 - 202" refId="ref16219" refString="Hallan A, Criscione F, Fedosov A, Puillandre N. 2021. Few and far apart: integrative taxonomy of Australian species of Gladiobela and Pagodibela (Conoidea: Raphitomidae) reveals patterns of wide distributions and low abundance. Invertebr Syst. 35 (2): 181 - 202." type="journal article" year="2021">
Hallan
<emphasis id="A398A600FFF9FFC2DA2FFE0D4B521714" box="[1101,1150,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
, 2021a). It occupies a known bathymetric range of ~
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF9FFC2DD7EFDEB4C951732" box="[796,953,524,549]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8899999999999997" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" unit="m" value="2890.0" valueMax="3350.0" valueMin="2430.0">24303350 m</quantity>
, and is potentially bathymetrically partitioned from P1, which has a known range of ~
<quantity id="5614D7F7FFF9FFC2DA58FDC84FD8177C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.13" metricValueMax="4.4799999999999995" metricValueMin="3.78" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454" unit="m" value="4130.0" valueMax="4480.0" valueMin="3780.0">3780 4480 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="09D76697FFF9FFC2DF61FDB54E4C177C" box="[259,352,594,619]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[161,226,1047,1070]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-196@14.[163,1153,142,1015]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Bathymetric ranges of taxa studied herein as inferred from museum records of sequenced specimens. Primary species hypotheses (PSHs)/species represented by a single record are indicated with a circle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13758530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13758530/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1454">Figure 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>