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<mods:title id="F95A055ECEF075DC83F5C5EEF9B0F44D">Prehistoric avifaunas from the Kingdom of Tonga</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E71A7B2BEE085911A09F6B07337D8B8">Worthy, Trevor H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA8BCC47F25FF2D8FD7035FE9DA5334B">Burley, David V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C99065D42F7CA83BB2D6617169965928">2020</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3FD25700FAD3FE5D" ID-CoL="62KR5" authority="G. R. GRAY, 1840" authorityName="G. R. GRAY" authorityYear="1840" box="[1002,1318,373,398]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0244C21E3FD25700FB97FE5E" baselines="391,392" box="[1002,1122,374,397]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Caloenas" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3FD25700FB97FE5E" box="[1002,1122,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">CALOENAS</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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G.R.
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<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E389B5703FAD3FE5D" author="Gray GR" box="[1187,1318,373,398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref35590" refString="Gray GR. 1840. A list of the genera of birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus, compiled from various sources. London: Richard and John E. Taylor." type="book" year="1840">
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<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0244C21E389B5703FB14FE5E" baselines="392,392" box="[1187,1249,373,398]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Gray" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">GRAY</smallCapsWord>
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||||
, 1840
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BE9D758A0244C2113F1157C8FD96FEA7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1006" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F63826010244C21E3F1157C8FB4DFB47" blockId="7.[809,1425,446,1909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3F1157C8FC68FE00" box="[809,925,446,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E380157C8FB5FFE00" authorityName="G. R. GRAY" authorityYear="1840" box="[1081,1194,446,467]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E380157C8FB5FFE00" box="[1081,1194,446,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Caloenas</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
is represented by one extant species, the Nicobar pigeon
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||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E391857AAFB83FDC3" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicobarica">
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||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E391857AAFC53FDC3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Caloenas nicobarica</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3F80578DFB9EFDC2" author="Linnaeus C" box="[952,1131,507,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref36835" refString="Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1: regnum animale. 10 th edn. Stockholm: L. Salvius. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277" type="url" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
. This is a large pigeon, with spectacular plumage, that is restricted to insular parts of Southeast Asia through
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<collectingCountry id="8E9066910244C21E38E2544EFAA3FD9D" box="[1242,1366,568,590]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and New
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||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910244C21E3F5E5421FC4BFDBE" box="[870,958,599,621]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, extending to the Solomons (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E39225421FC09FD58" author="Dickinson EC & Remsen JV Jr." pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref34979" refString="Dickinson EC, Remsen JV Jr. 2013. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 4 th edn, Vol. 1. Eastbourne: Aves Press." type="book" year="2013">Dickinson & Remsen, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The extinct species
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E39265400FB5BFD7A" authority="Balouet & Olson, 1989" authorityName="Balouet & Olson" authorityYear="1989" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canacorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E39265400FC52FD79" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Caloenas canacorum</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3F9554E2FB5BFD7A" author="Balouet JC & Olson SL" box="[941,1198,660,682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref33943" refString="Balouet JC, Olson SL. 1989. Fossil birds from late Quaternary deposits in New Caledonia. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 469: 1-38." type="journal article" year="1989">Balouet & Olson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910244C21E3F1154C5FC14FD1A" box="[809,993,691,713]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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||||
based on three coracoids, part of a sternum, two scapulae and a distal humerus, which reveal a bird some 25% larger than the Nicobar pigeon (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3F0A5579FBBEFCF7" author="Balouet JC & Olson SL" box="[818,1099,783,805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref33943" refString="Balouet JC, Olson SL. 1989. Fossil birds from late Quaternary deposits in New Caledonia. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 469: 1-38." type="journal article" year="1989">Balouet & Olson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Steadman (1989, 2006a) referred specimens from
|
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<collectingCountry id="8E9066910244C21E38695558FB6DFC90" box="[1105,1176,814,835]" name="Tonga" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(archaeological sites on Lifuka, Ha'ano and Ha'afeva in the
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<collectingRegion id="3443E8E30244C21E38D9553AFACFFCB1" box="[1249,1338,844,866]" country="Tonga" name="Ha'apai" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Ha'apai</collectingRegion>
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Group) to
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3F73551DFB9FFC53" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[843,1130,875,897]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicobarica">
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3F73551DFC4FFC53" box="[843,954,875,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Caloenas</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3FD2551DFB9FFC53" box="[1002,1130,875,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">nicobarica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
. In addition, there is a single specimen of a third species,
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E388E55FCFC25FC6E" authority="(Gmelin, 1789)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E388E55FCFA64FC4C" box="[1206,1425,906,927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Caloenas maculata</emphasis>
|
||||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3F0955DEFC3DFC6E" author="Gmelin JF" box="[817,968,936,958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref35385" refString="Gmelin JF 1789. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Regnum animalium. 13 th edn, Vol. 1 (2). Leipzig: G. E. Beer. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/278/mode/1up" type="url" year="1789">Gmelin, 1789</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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, collected historically from an unknown location before 1783. This specimen is a bird
|
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<quantity id="317F8BE40244C21E397255B1FA65FC0F" box="[1354,1424,967,988]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" unit="cm" value="32.0">32 cm</quantity>
|
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long, smaller than
|
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3FC75590FB66FC28" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1023,1171,998,1019]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicobarica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3FC75590FB66FC28" box="[1023,1171,998,1019]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">C. nicobarica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<quantity id="317F8BE40244C21E38995590FB12FC28" box="[1185,1255,998,1019]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||||
), and has been confirmed as a member of
|
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E38745272FB41FBCA" authorityName="G. R. GRAY" authorityYear="1840" box="[1100,1204,1028,1049]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E38745272FB41FBCA" box="[1100,1204,1028,1049]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Caloenas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on molecular data (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3F525255FBB9FBEB" author="Heupink TH & Van Grouw H & Lambert DM" box="[874,1100,1059,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref35823" refString="Heupink TH, Van Grouw H, Lambert DM. 2014. The mysterious spotted green pigeon and its relation to the dodo and its kindred. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 136." type="journal volume" year="2014">
|
||||
Heupink
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3FEB5252FBFFFBEB" box="[979,1034,1059,1081]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Tongan specimens referred to
|
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3F7E5234FC11FB84" authorityName="Balouet & Olson" authorityYear="1989" box="[838,996,1090,1111]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canacorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3F7E5234FC11FB84" box="[838,996,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">C. canacorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cannot be
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E385B5234FB1BFB84" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1123,1262,1090,1111]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E385B5234FB1BFB84" box="[1123,1262,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">C. maculata</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, because they are of similar size to the New Caledonian bones, and thus are from a much larger taxon.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="F63826010244C2113F7952EBFD96FEA7" blockId="7.[809,1425,446,1909]" lastBlockId="8.[163,779,197,372]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1006" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">
|
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Thespecimenslistedbelowallrepresentalargepigeon distinct from
|
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3F8552CAFBE5FB02" authorityName="HODGSON" authorityYear="1836" box="[957,1040,1212,1233]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Ducula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3F8552CAFBE5FB02" box="[957,1040,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Ducula</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, and thus differ substantially from the giant form described below in that genus. They are identified as being from a species of
|
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E38F0528FFAC5FADD" authorityName="G. R. GRAY" authorityYear="1840" box="[1224,1328,1273,1294]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E38F0528FFAC5FADD" box="[1224,1328,1273,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Caloenas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because of the combination of features observed in the coracoid, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6EBC3A840244C21E38FA5341FAF3FA9F" box="[1218,1286,1335,1357]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[145,225,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[209,1362,197,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-29@9.[207,1362,195,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Bones of Caloenas sp. from Vava'u, Tonga. A, proximal right tarsometatarsus Of1.05.22.09, in dorsal view. B, distal left tarsometatarsus Of1.05.12.09, in dorsal view. C, shaft of right tarsometatarsus Of1.05.12.06, in dorsal view. D," pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E39275341FA64FA9F" box="[1311,1425,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Coracoid:</emphasis>
|
||||
with the cotyla scapularis elongated laterosternally into an acute angle, and the tuberculum A (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E390F5302FC96FA7B" author="Worthy TH" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="23 - 31" refId="ref39628" refString="Worthy TH. 2012. A phabine pigeon (Aves: Columbidae) from Oligo-Miocene Australia. Emu 112: 23-31." type="journal article" year="2012">Worthy, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) globose, dorsally prominent over the sulcus supracoracoideus and with a relatively narrow separation from the cotyla scapularis. Sternally, the impressio m. sternocoracoidei is pneumatic and widely separated from the medial margin by a dorsoventrally thickened (inflated) section of the corpus extending from the angulus medialis.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3840503DFAFCF9B3" box="[1144,1289,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Tibiotarsus:</emphasis>
|
||||
distal end, craniocaudal depth of condylus medialis greater than distal width; proximal attachment for retinaculum extensorium tibiotarsi (ptRET) close to condylus medialis (separation less than proximodistal length of condyle); distal attachment for retinaculum extensorium tibiotarsi (dtRET) is wider than long; the sulcus extensorius is bounded laterally by a rounded ridge (not sharp crest).
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E380A5137FB02F885" box="[1074,1271,1857,1878]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Tarsometatarsus:</emphasis>
|
||||
elongate, but fossa parahypotarsalis medialis nearly reaches fossa metatarsi I; foramen vascularia proximalia both small; tuberositas m. tibialis cranialis deep set in sulcus extensorius, not prominent; anterior facies adjacent to sulcus extensorius flat to slightly convex; and trochlea metatarsi IV not deeply notched distoplantarly and ends proximad to trochlea metatarsi II.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
124
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124
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3D6C54A0FD67FD3C" ID-CoL="8GD" ID-ENA="8930" authority="ILLIGER, 1811" authorityName="ILLIGER" authorityYear="1811" box="[340,658,726,751]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0244C21E3D6C54A0FE1EFD3D" baselines="745,745" box="[340,491,726,751]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Columbidae" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">COLUMBIDAE</smallCapsWord>
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<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3DCA54A0FD67FD3C" author="Illiger JKW" box="[498,658,726,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref36082" refString="Illiger JKW. 1811. Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versonie germanica. Berlin: C. Salfeld. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92917" type="url" year="1811">
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<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0244C21E3DCA54A0FDB9FD3D" baselines="745,745" box="[498,588,726,751]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Illiger" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">ILLIGER</smallCapsWord>
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, 1811
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BE9D758A0244C21E3CA95560FD77FBAE" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F63826010244C21E3CA95560FD77FBAE" blockId="7.[145,762,790,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3CA95560FF0FFCF8" box="[145,250,790,811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
The columbid bones in the
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3443E8E30244C21E3E275561FD9CFCFF" box="[543,617,791,812]" country="Tonga" name="Vava'u" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Vava'u</collectingRegion>
|
||||
assemblages can be separated into three broad size classes: small taxa (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3CE85522FEB7FCBA" authorityName="SWAINSON" authorityYear="1825" box="[208,322,852,873]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Ptilinopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3CE85522FEB7FCBA" box="[208,322,852,873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Ptilinopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3D425522FDE4FCBA" authorityName=", sensu Dickinson" authorityYear="2003" box="[378,529,852,873]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Gallicolumba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3D425522FDE4FCBA" box="[378,529,852,873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Gallicolumba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), medium-sized taxa [
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3CA15504FE13FC5B" authority="(Gmelin, 1789)" baseAuthorityName="J. F. GMELIN" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[153,486,882,904]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Ducula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3CA15504FEB7FC5B" box="[153,322,882,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Ducula pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3D765504FE2BFC5B" author="Gmelin JF" box="[334,478,882,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref35385" refString="Gmelin JF 1789. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Regnum animalium. 13 th edn, Vol. 1 (2). Leipzig: G. E. Beer. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10286#page/278/mode/1up" type="url" year="1789">Gmelin, 1789</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3E2F5505FD36FC54" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="2006" box="[535,707,882,904]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Didunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="placopedetes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3E2F5505FD36FC54" box="[535,707,882,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Di.placopedetes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] and large taxa (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3D2955E7FE68FC74" box="[273,413,913,935]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3D2955E7FE82FC75" box="[273,375,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Caloenas</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and a large species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820244C21E3EA255E7FD1EFC75" authorityName="HODGSON" authorityYear="1836" box="[666,747,913,934]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Ducula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3EA255E7FD1EFC75" box="[666,747,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">Ducula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). For columbids, the coracoid and tarsometatarsus are the most diagnostic elements (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3DC355B8FD60FC37" author="Worthy TH" box="[507,661,974,996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="23 - 31" refId="ref39628" refString="Worthy TH. 2012. A phabine pigeon (Aves: Columbidae) from Oligo-Miocene Australia. Emu 112: 23-31." type="journal article" year="2012">Worthy, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3E9B55B8FEFFFBD0" author="Worthy TH & Hawkins S & Bedford S & Spriggs M" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="205 - 254" refId="ref39802" refString="Worthy TH, Hawkins S, Bedford S, Spriggs M. 2015. Avifauna from the Teouma Lapita Site, Efate Island, Vanuatu, including a new genus and species of megapode. Pacific Science 69: 205-254." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Worthy
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3CA95598FF3DFBD1" box="[145,200,1005,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3D2F559BFE27FBD1" author="Rigal S & Kirch PV & Worthy TH" box="[279,466,1005,1027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref38134" refString="Rigal S, Kirch PV, Worthy TH. 2018. New prehistoric avifaunas from the Gambier Group, French Polynesia. Palaeontologica Electronica Article no. 21.3.4 A. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26879/892" type="book" year="2018">
|
||||
Rigal
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3D615598FE65FBD1" box="[345,400,1005,1027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2018
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and, fortunately, are well represented in these samples. Diagnostic characters for columbid bones are presented at length by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3E45525CFF2FFB8D" author="Rigal S & Kirch PV & Worthy TH" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" refId="ref38134" refString="Rigal S, Kirch PV, Worthy TH. 2018. New prehistoric avifaunas from the Gambier Group, French Polynesia. Palaeontologica Electronica Article no. 21.3.4 A. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26879/892" type="book" year="2018">
|
||||
Rigal
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3EF9525DFD0CFBEC" box="[705,761,1066,1088]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2018)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3CD0523FFE7AFB8D" author="Worthy TH" box="[232,399,1097,1119]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="23 - 31" refId="ref39628" refString="Worthy TH. 2012. A phabine pigeon (Aves: Columbidae) from Oligo-Miocene Australia. Emu 112: 23-31." type="journal article" year="2012">Worthy (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3DA4523FFD59FB8D" author="Worthy TH & Wragg GM" box="[412,684,1097,1119]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="769 - 793" refId="ref39872" refString="Worthy TH, Wragg GM. 2003. A new species of Gallicolumba: Columbidae from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33: 769-793." type="journal article" year="2003">Worthy & Wragg (2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3E83523FFD06FB8D" author="Worthy TH & Wragg GM" box="[699,755,1097,1118]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="499 - 510" refId="ref39908" refString="Worthy TH, Wragg GM. 2008. A new genus and species of pigeon (Aves: Columbidae) from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group. In: Clark G, Leach F, O'Connor S, eds. Islands of inquiry: colonisation, seafaring and the archaeology of maritime landscapes. Terra Australis 29: 499-510." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3CA9521EFE62FBAD" author="Wragg GM & Worthy TH" box="[145,407,1128,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="127 - 140" refId="ref40055" refString="Wragg GM, Worthy TH. 2006. A new species of extinct imperial pigeon (Ducula: Columbidae) from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group. Historical Biology 18: 127-140." type="journal article" year="2006">Wragg & Worthy (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00244C21E3D9A521EFD8BFBAE" author="Worthy TH & Hawkins S & Bedford S & Spriggs M" box="[418,638,1128,1150]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005" pagination="205 - 254" refId="ref39802" refString="Worthy TH, Hawkins S, Bedford S, Spriggs M. 2015. Avifauna from the Teouma Lapita Site, Efate Island, Vanuatu, including a new genus and species of megapode. Pacific Science 69: 205-254." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Worthy
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130244C21E3DC3521EFDC4FBAE" box="[507,561,1128,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1005">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2015)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
193
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193
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<mods:title id="4406E7A683C5876C86BF38A8CDDA44A6">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="454CB773181F2E473CFB1FE7D10DAB8C">
|
||||
<mods:date id="1FDDAE84FB9369A96165EF937B744890">2020</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="270523581294F7E9FDAC564E9F97AB72" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="086ADC7B7DB9A4F3D3E6741202745A68">189</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="7CBA9B4ACFFAFC81EF47F48BA7B457E6" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="6C91C633C1BF3735F3D4A7BDD4744B50">998</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="7402E567BD61B30B931029AD5B19A7CF">1045</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="922C3B64BFC300E2D6115F0D88C0F68F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="34F4652325821CB98CE423A985D8F71E" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="318F22BA85F262DB2E8FD53E9BDB2920" type="ZooBank">6970CF4-C1F0-4637-BC8C-B24C0BD2366D</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="7E2E97170246C21C3D2557ECFA84FE41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E2E97170246C21C3D2557ECFA84FE41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2E97170246C21C3D2557ECFA84FE41" lastPageNumber="1003" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BE9D758A0246C21C3D2557ECFD99FE61" box="[285,620,409,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F63826010246C21C3D2557ECFD99FE61" blockId="5.[285,620,409,434]" box="[285,620,409,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">
|
||||
<heading id="AD70916D0246C21C3D2557ECFD99FE61" box="[285,620,409,434]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3D2557ECFD99FE61" ID-CoL="5MYS" authority="GAIMARD, 1823" authorityName="GAIMARD" authorityYear="1823" box="[285,620,409,434]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0246C21C3D2557ECFE40FE63" baselines="427,427" box="[285,437,410,433]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Megapodius" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3D2557ECFE40FE63" box="[285,437,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">MEGAPODIUS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3D8457EFFD99FE61" author="Gaimard JP" box="[444,620,409,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="450 - 451" refId="ref35128" refString="Gaimard JP. 1823. Memoire sur un nouveau genre de Gallinaces. Bulletin General et Universel des Annonces et de Nouvelles Scientifiques. Paris. 2: p., 450-451." type="journal article" year="1823">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0246C21C3D8457EFFDD2FE63" baselines="428,427" box="[444,551,409,434]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Gaimard" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">GAIMARD</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 1823
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BE9D758A0246C21C3CA957A1FA84FE41" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F63826010246C21C3CA957A1FE1DFB82" blockId="5.[145,762,471,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3CA957A1FEF2FE3F" box="[145,263,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
Megapodes or scrubfowl of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3CA95780FEC7FDD8" authorityName="GAIMARD" authorityYear="1823" box="[145,306,501,523]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3CA95780FEC7FDD8" box="[145,306,501,523]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Megapodius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are widely distributed through
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3CA95462FEF8FDF9" box="[145,269,532,554]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Melanesia and western Polynesia and include many taxa that have been treated variously as subspecies or species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3D8F5424FDCDFDB5" author="Mayr E" box="[439,568,593,615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref37119" refString="Mayr E. 1938. Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. XXXIX. Notes on New Guinea birds, IV. American Museum Novitates 1006: 1-16." type="journal article" year="1938">Mayr, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3E7D5427FF3FFD55" author="White CMN & Bruce MD" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" refId="ref39475" refString="White CMN, Bruce MD. 1986. The birds of Wallacea. [BOU check-list no. 7]. London: British Ornithologists Union." type="journal volume" year="1986">White & Bruce, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3CE15406FE52FD55" author="Jones DN & Dekker RWRJ & Roselaar CS" box="[217,423,624,646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" refId="ref36249" refString="Jones DN, Dekker RWRJ, Roselaar CS. 1995. The megapodes, Megapodiidae. Bird families of the world. Oxford: Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1995">
|
||||
Jones
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3D1C5407FEAAFD56" box="[292,351,624,646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 1995
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Now 13 extant species are recognized (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3D1254F9FD75FD77" author="Dickinson EC & Remsen JV Jr." box="[298,640,655,677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" refId="ref34979" refString="Dickinson EC, Remsen JV Jr. 2013. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 4 th edn, Vol. 1. Eastbourne: Aves Press." type="book" year="2013">Dickinson & Remsen, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Several extinct species reveal a much greater Holocene diversity:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3D3E54BAFF39FCD3" authority="Balouet & Olson, 1989" authorityName="Balouet & Olson" authorityYear="1989" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molistructor">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3D3E54BAFDD9FD32" box="[262,556,716,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Megapodius molistructor</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3E0A54BAFF39FCD3" author="Balouet JC & Olson SL" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref33943" refString="Balouet JC, Olson SL. 1989. Fossil birds from late Quaternary deposits in New Caledonia. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 469: 1-38." type="journal article" year="1989">Balouet & Olson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3D25549DFE14FCD2" box="[285,481,747,769]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3DC9549DFEDEFCCD" authority="Worthy, 2000" authorityName="Worthy" authorityYear="2000" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amissus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3DC9549DFD0CFCD3" box="[497,761,747,768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Megapodius amissus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3CA9557FFEDEFCCD" author="Worthy TH" box="[145,299,777,799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="337 - 364" refId="ref39502" refString="Worthy TH. 2000. The fossil megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) of Fiji with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30: 337-364." type="journal article" year="2000">Worthy, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3D49557FFE68FCCC" box="[369,413,777,799]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Viti</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Levu,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3DD6557FFDE2FCCC" box="[494,535,777,799]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3E6B557CFD0CFCCD" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="1989" box="[595,761,777,799]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alimentum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3E6B557CFD0CFCCD" box="[595,761,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">M. alimentum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lau Group,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3D9C555EFE3AFCED" box="[420,463,808,830]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3E2B555EFDABFCEE" box="[531,606,808,829]" name="Tonga" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3E4B555EFF15FC8F" author="Steadman DW" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="537 - 552" refId="ref38428" refString="Steadman DW. 1989 a. New species and records of birds (Aves: Megapodiidae, Columbidae) from an archaeological site on Lifuka, Tonga. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 102: 537-552. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107493" type="journal article" year="1989">Steadman, 1989a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3CC05531FE5BFC8F" author="Worthy TH" box="[248,430,839,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="337 - 364" refId="ref39502" refString="Worthy TH. 2000. The fossil megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) of Fiji with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30: 337-364." type="journal article" year="2000">Worthy, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) fill the gap in extant distribution of the genus between
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3E6B5510FD4BFCA8" box="[595,702,870,891]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3CA955F2FF29FC4A" box="[145,220,900,921]" name="Tonga" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. In
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3D3155F2FEA6FC4A" box="[265,339,900,921]" name="Tonga" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the genus is now represented only by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3C8E55D5FE91FC6B" authorityName="G. R. Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[182,356,931,952]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pritchardii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3C8E55D5FE91FC6B" box="[182,356,931,952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">M. pritchardii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is restricted to Niuafo'ou in northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3D1D55B4FE9BFC04" box="[293,366,962,983]" name="Tonga" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3DB855B4FDA7FC04" author="Jones DN & Dekker RWRJ & Roselaar CS" box="[384,594,961,983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" refId="ref36249" refString="Jones DN, Dekker RWRJ, Roselaar CS. 1995. The megapodes, Megapodiidae. Bird families of the world. Oxford: Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1995">
|
||||
Jones
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3DF555B4FDFCFC05" box="[461,521,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 1995
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3E5B55B7FEC3FC26" author="Dickinson EC & Remsen JV Jr." pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" refId="ref34979" refString="Dickinson EC, Remsen JV Jr. 2013. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 4 th edn, Vol. 1. Eastbourne: Aves Press." type="book" year="2013">Dickinson & Remsen, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Formerly, it was once widespread in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3CA95589FF2EFBC7" box="[145,219,1023,1044]" name="Tonga" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and its range also included
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3E175589FD0DFBC7" box="[559,760,1023,1045]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3CF4526BFEFCFBE0" box="[204,265,1053,1075]" name="Niue" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Niue</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3D27526BFE05FBE1" author="Steadman DW" box="[287,496,1053,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="818 - 822" refId="ref38521" refString="Steadman DW. 1993. Biogeography of Tongan birds before and after human impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90: 818-822." type="journal article" year="1993">Steadman, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3E3C526BFDB5FBE1" author="Steadman DW" box="[516,576,1053,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="217 - 228" refId="ref38555" refString="Steadman DW. 1994. Bird bones from the To'aga site, Ofu, American Samoa: prehistoric loss of seabirds and megapodes. University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Contributions 51: 217-228." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3E6D526BFD64FBE0" author="Steadman DW" box="[597,657,1053,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="1123 - 1131" refId="ref38593" refString="Steadman DW. 1995. Prehistoric extinctions of Pacific island birds: biodiversity meets zooarchaeology. Science 267: 1123-1131." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3E9D526BFD04FBE0" author="Steadman DW" box="[677,753,1053,1075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" refId="ref38686" refString="Steadman DW. 2006 a. Extinction and biogeography of tropical Pacific birds. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="2006">2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3CA9524AFE64FB82" author="Steadman DW & Worthy TH & Anderson AJ & Walter R" box="[145,401,1084,1106]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="165 - 186" refId="ref38817" refString="Steadman DW, Worthy TH, Anderson AJ, Walter R. 2000. New species and records of birds from prehistoric sites on Niue, Southwest Pacific. Wilson Bulletin 112: 165-186." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||||
Steadman
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3D28524BFEBFFB82" box="[272,330,1084,1106]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2000
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3DA7524AFE22FB82" author="Steadman DW & Plourde A & Burley DV" box="[415,471,1084,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="571 - 584" refId="ref38781" refString="Steadman DW, Plourde A, Burley DV. 2002. Prehistoric butchery and consumption of birds in the Kingdom of Tonga, South Pacific. Journal of Archaeological Science 29: 571-584." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F63826010246C21C3C91522DFA84FE41" blockId="5.[145,762,471,1167]" lastBlockId="5.[809,1426,197,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">
|
||||
To date, no other megapode genera are known from the Tongan region (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3D47520FFDBAFB5C" author="Steadman DW" box="[383,591,1145,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" refId="ref38686" refString="Steadman DW. 2006 a. Extinction and biogeography of tropical Pacific birds. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="2006">Steadman, 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The nearest such to
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3FB656B0FC2DFF08" box="[910,984,198,219]" name="Tonga" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
are present in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C389B56B3FB24FF08" box="[1187,1233,197,219]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, where a giant flightless form,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3FE65692FB88FF2A" authorityName="Worthy" authorityYear="2000" box="[990,1149,228,249]" class="Aves" family="Sylviornithidae" genus="Megavitiornis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3FE65692FB88FF2A" box="[990,1149,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Megavitiornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, existed (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C38D45692FA77FF2A" author="Worthy TH" box="[1260,1410,228,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="337 - 364" refId="ref39502" refString="Worthy TH. 2000. The fossil megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) of Fiji with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30: 337-364." type="journal article" year="2000">Worthy, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910246C21C3F665775FC32FECB" box="[862,967,259,280]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, where a large volant form,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C39105774FA7FFEC4" box="[1320,1418,258,279]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Mwalau" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C39105774FA7FFEC4" box="[1320,1418,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Mwalau</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, also co-existed with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C38295757FA78FEE5" authority="(Worthy et al., 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Worthy" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1041,1421,289,311]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C38295757FB6EFEE5" box="[1041,1179,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Megapodius</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C38925757FA77FEE4" author="Worthy TH & Hawkins S & Bedford S & Spriggs M" box="[1194,1410,289,311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="205 - 254" refId="ref39802" refString="Worthy TH, Hawkins S, Bedford S, Spriggs M. 2015. Avifauna from the Teouma Lapita Site, Efate Island, Vanuatu, including a new genus and species of megapode. Pacific Science 69: 205-254." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Worthy
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C393E5754FACBFEE5" box="[1286,1342,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3F9C5736FBC4FE86" box="[932,1073,320,341]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3F9C5736FBC4FE86" box="[932,1073,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Megapodius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are easily distinguished from those of other megapode genera by numerous features, as listed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3F88570BFBA4FE41" author="Worthy TH" box="[944,1105,381,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="337 - 364" refId="ref39502" refString="Worthy TH. 2000. The fossil megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) of Fiji with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30: 337-364." type="journal article" year="2000">Worthy (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C38B1570BFA9FFE40" author="Worthy TH & Hawkins S & Bedford S & Spriggs M" box="[1161,1386,381,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="205 - 254" refId="ref39802" refString="Worthy TH, Hawkins S, Bedford S, Spriggs M. 2015. Avifauna from the Teouma Lapita Site, Efate Island, Vanuatu, including a new genus and species of megapode. Pacific Science 69: 205-254." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Worthy
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C38DC5708FAE9FE41" box="[1252,1308,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2015)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
100
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<treatment id="7E2E97170246C21C3F6457A6FA7FFCB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E2E97170246C21C3F6457A6FA7FFCB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2E97170246C21C3F6457A6FA7FFCB1" lastPageNumber="1003" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3F6457A6FABCFE3B" authority="STEADMAN, 1989" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="1989" box="[860,1353,463,488]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alimentum">
|
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|
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<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0246C21C3FC257A5FB77FE34" baselines="482" box="[1018,1154,467,487]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="alimentum" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">ALIMENTUM</smallCapsWord>
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, 1989
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
A
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="BE9D758A0246C21C3F11546EFA7FFCB1" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="F63826010246C21C3F11546EFAB1FDB9" blockId="5.[809,1425,536,619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">
|
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3F11546EFC61FDFE" box="[809,916,536,557]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Material:</emphasis>
|
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3F99546EFBE0FDFE" bold="true" box="[929,1045,536,557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Hopoate:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40246C21C382D546EFBA1FDFE" box="[1045,1108,536,557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">NISP</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 12, MNI = 2.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3933546EFA64FDFE" bold="true" box="[1291,1425,536,557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Nukuleka:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40246C21C3F115441FC92FD9F" box="[809,871,567,588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">NISP</collectionCode>
|
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= 1, MNI = 1.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C383E5440FBC9FD9F" bold="true" box="[1030,1084,566,588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Ofu:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40246C21C387A5441FB75FD9F" box="[1090,1152,567,588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">NISP</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 35, MNI = 4.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C39155440FA64FD9F" bold="true" box="[1325,1425,566,588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Falevai:</emphasis>
|
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<collectionCode id="9096BEC40246C21C3F115423FC92FDB9" box="[809,871,597,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">NISP</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 7, MNI = 2.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C38335423FBA1FDB9" bold="true" box="[1035,1108,597,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Vuna:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40246C21C38635423FB6CFDB9" box="[1115,1177,597,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">NISP</collectionCode>
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||||
= 21, MNI = 4.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="F63826010246C21C3F1154E2FA7FFCB1" blockId="5.[809,1426,660,866]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3F1154E2FC63FD7A" box="[809,918,660,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
The bones of this medium-sized megapode were identified to genus by the features described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C3F7454A7FC00FD35" author="Worthy TH" box="[844,1013,721,743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="337 - 364" refId="ref39502" refString="Worthy TH. 2000. The fossil megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) of Fiji with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30: 337-364." type="journal article" year="2000">Worthy (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||||
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Worthy
|
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C38B754A4FB3FFD35" box="[1167,1226,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">et al.</emphasis>
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(2015)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and were compared directly with specimens of
|
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<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C38C55486FBB3FCF7" authority="Dumont, 1823" authorityName="Dumont" authorityYear="1823" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reinwardt">
|
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C38C55486FC69FCF0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Megapodius reinwardt</emphasis>
|
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Dumont, 1823
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Their size (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="BB0513BA0246C21C38F75578FAD7FCF7" box="[1231,1314,782,804]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[146,210,1208,1229]" captionText="Table 2. Summary statistics of measurements (in millimetres) for Megapodius alimentum from all sites on Vava'u (Tonga) combined" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||||
) matches those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820246C21C3FB75558FBC3FC91" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="1989" box="[911,1078,813,835]" class="Aves" family="Megapodiidae" genus="Megapodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alimentum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130246C21C3FB75558FBC3FC91" box="[911,1078,813,835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003">M. alimentum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
measured by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00246C21C38D8555BFA7EFC91" author="Worthy TH" box="[1248,1419,813,835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1003" pagination="337 - 364" refId="ref39502" refString="Worthy TH. 2000. The fossil megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) of Fiji with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30: 337-364." type="journal article" year="2000">Worthy (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who also provides sizes of bones of other megapodes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
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|
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|
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132
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132
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<taxonomicName id="31875D82024DC217383B547BFAC4FDF5" ID-CoL="456V" authority="PEALE, 1849" authorityName="PEALE" authorityYear="1849" box="[1027,1329,525,550]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Didunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD024DC217383B547BFB6EFDF7" baselines="542,543" box="[1027,1179,525,548]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Didunculus" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC217383B547BFB6EFDF7" box="[1027,1179,525,548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">DIDUNCULUS</emphasis>
|
||||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF0024DC217389A547BFAC4FDF5" author="Peale TR" box="[1186,1329,525,550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" refId="ref37779" refString="Peale TR. 1849 [1848]. Mammalogy and ornithology. Vol. 8. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, USN. Philadelphia: C. Sherman." type="book" year="1849">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD024DC217389A547BFB19FDF7" baselines="544,543" box="[1186,1260,525,550]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Peale" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">PEALE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 1849
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BE9D758A024DC2173F035423FAD7FB79" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F6382601024DC2173F035423FBF8FBE4" blockId="14.[827,1444,597,1079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC2173F035423FC5FFDB9" box="[827,938,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D82024DC21738055423FB3DFDB9" authorityName="PEALE" authorityYear="1849" box="[1085,1224,597,618]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Didunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC21738055423FB3DFDB9" box="[1085,1224,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Didunculus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is represented by one extant species, the tooth-billed pigeon,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D82024DC21739265402FB8FFD7B" authority="(Jardine, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Jardine" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Didunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strigirostris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC21739265402FC31FD7B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Didunculus strigirostris</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF0024DC2173FED54E4FB85FD7B" author="Jardine W" box="[981,1136,658,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" pagination="174 - 176" refId="ref36210" refString="Jardine W. 1845. No. VI. Illustrations of ornithology. Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology Ser. 1 16: 174-176, pl. 9." type="journal article" year="1845">Jardine, 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a large colourful pigeon, notable for its stout, hooked bill, that historically was restricted to the islands of Savai'i, Upolu and Nu'utele in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E906691024DC2173F625499FBE0FCD7" box="[858,1045,751,772]" name="Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Western Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF0024DC217381F5498FB0DFCD7" author="Steadman DW" box="[1063,1272,750,772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" refId="ref38686" refString="Steadman DW. 2006 a. Extinction and biogeography of tropical Pacific birds. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="2006">Steadman, 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, b).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF0024DC21739135498FC64FCF0" author="Steadman DW" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" pagination="233 - 241" refId="ref38709" refString="Steadman DW. 2006 b. An extinct species of tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus) from the Kingdom of Tonga, and the concept of endemism in insular landbirds. Journal of Zoology 268: 233-241." type="journal article" year="2006">Steadman (2006b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described an extinct species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D82024DC21738DD5578FA68FCF1" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="2006" box="[1253,1437,781,803]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Didunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="placopedetes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC21738DD5578FA68FCF1" box="[1253,1437,781,803]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Di. placopedetes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, from Late Holocene fossil deposits on '
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3443E8E3024DC217390C555AFA9CFC92" box="[1332,1385,812,833]" country="Tonga" name="'Eua" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Eua</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3443E8E3024DC2173F03553DFC42FCB3" box="[827,951,843,864]" country="Tonga" name="Tongatapu" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Tongatapu</collectingRegion>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E906691024DC2173FE4553DFBD0FCB3" box="[988,1061,843,864]" name="Tonga" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. This was also a common species in the Teouma fauna on Efate,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E906691024DC21738A1551CFB0EFCAC" box="[1177,1275,874,895]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF0024DC2173932551FFC87FC4D" author="Worthy TH & Hawkins S & Bedford S & Spriggs M" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" pagination="205 - 254" refId="ref39802" refString="Worthy TH, Hawkins S, Bedford S, Spriggs M. 2015. Avifauna from the Teouma Lapita Site, Efate Island, Vanuatu, including a new genus and species of megapode. Pacific Science 69: 205-254." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Worthy
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC217395D551CFA68FCAD" box="[1381,1437,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Diagnostic features distinguishing this species from the similar-sized
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D82024DC217386355D0FC13FC09" authority="Quoy & Gaimard, 1830" authorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" authorityYear="1830" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Columba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vitiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC217386355D0FACEFC6F" box="[1115,1339,934,956]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Columba vitiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF0024DC217397E55D1FC13FC09" author="Quoy JRC & Gaimard JP" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" refId="ref37926" refString="Quoy JRC, Gaimard JP. 1830. p. 246 in Voyage de la corvette l'Astrolabe: execute par ordre du roi, pendant les annees 1826 - 1827 - 1828 - 1829. Zoologie. Paris: J. Tastu." type="book" year="1830">Quoy & Gaimard, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D82024DC217381B55B0FB44FC09" baseAuthorityName="J. F. GMELIN" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1059,1201,965,987]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Ducula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC217381B55B0FB44FC09" box="[1059,1201,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Du. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and from the larger
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D82024DC2173F035592FC27FC2A" box="[827,978,996,1017]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Caloenas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicobarica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC2173F035592FC27FC2A" box="[827,978,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">C. nicobarica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were presented by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF0024DC217388E5592FA68FC29" author="Worthy TH & Hawkins S & Bedford S & Spriggs M" box="[1206,1437,996,1018]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012" pagination="205 - 254" refId="ref39802" refString="Worthy TH, Hawkins S, Bedford S, Spriggs M. 2015. Avifauna from the Teouma Lapita Site, Efate Island, Vanuatu, including a new genus and species of megapode. Pacific Science 69: 205-254." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Worthy
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC217392B5592FAB9FC2A" box="[1299,1356,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2015)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The present Tongan material did not differ from the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E906691024DC2173F035254FC68FBE4" box="[827,925,1058,1079]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||||
material.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F6382601024DC2173F5A5202FAD7FB79" blockId="14.[866,1403,1139,1195]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D82024DC2173F5A5202FA80FB5F" authority="STEADMAN, 2006" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="2006" box="[866,1397,1139,1164]" class="Aves" family="Columbidae" genus="Didunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Columbiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="placopedetes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA13024DC2173F5A5202FB59FB58" box="[866,1196,1140,1163]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD024DC2173F5A5202FC0CFB58" baselines="1157,1158" box="[866,1017,1140,1163]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Didunculus" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">DIDUNCULUS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD024DC21738385201FB59FB58" baselines="1158" box="[1024,1196,1143,1163]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="placopedetes" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">PLACOPEDETES</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD024DC217388B5205FAC5FB58" baselines="1158,1158" box="[1203,1328,1139,1164]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Steadman" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">STEADMAN</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 2006
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD024DC2173F8352E4FBEEFB79" baselines="1189,1189" box="[955,1051,1170,1195]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Tongan" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">TONGAN</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD024DC217381A52E0FB33FB79" baselines="1189,1189,1189" box="[1058,1222,1170,1195]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="tooth-billed" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">TOOTH-BILLED</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD024DC21738F652E0FAD7FB79" baselines="1189" box="[1230,1314,1174,1194]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="pigeon" pageId="14" pageNumber="1012">PIGEON</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
77
data/7E/2E/97/7E2E97170261C23B3CCA539CFDE9F910.xml
Normal file
77
data/7E/2E/97/7E2E97170261C23B3CCA539CFDE9F910.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="58073EC8913F21D4D028E11C6DB5611D">
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<mods:title id="9BCC8B5681A604D6DF5D6156F5F43367">Prehistoric avifaunas from the Kingdom of Tonga</mods:title>
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="0374E8594FE42A46A564235C0F065D26">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D971F091AADC9F7600635E67FAB1ACCF">Worthy, Trevor H.</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="51CB7B672B9FEB7308CF67739C7DCB80" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D98384EEEBE6AFDF38369140EB1B6D87">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8AFBE92297B8CF8BB7DE7973006B6F24">Burley, David V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7762982828F3F3F42A1C803D49B8FDD3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="54F6A8740420C3086BEAAA2DE7542BD9">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3ACD71390834E6334C0439FE1E88CBB5">
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<mods:date id="D0E35E69C0D627D97B32085E75BA353B">2020</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="66277DFC31CB26CED18B923D24FA9EC5" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E1215CC47A3B54E25F61917DE33B9E33">189</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:extent id="54885A9290AFC921F5454F08FC24D632" unit="page">
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="3340C527FD55A7E949402DA5BA04C139">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="C24BEFEDC6CD05DE752643F5CB3F11BE" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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||||
<mods:identifier id="E988318C310872D26FCE58859848CC16" type="ZooBank">6970CF4-C1F0-4637-BC8C-B24C0BD2366D</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="7E2E97170261C23B3CCA539CFDE9F910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E2E97170261C23B3CCA539CFDE9F910" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2E97170261C23B3CCA539CFDE9F910" lastPageNumber="1032" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BE9D758A0261C23B3CCA539CFD4EF9D1" box="[242,699,1513,1538]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F63826010261C23B3CCA539CFD4EF9D1" blockId="34.[242,699,1513,1538]" box="[242,699,1513,1538]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
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||||
<heading id="AD70916D0261C23B3CCA539CFD4EF9D1" box="[242,699,1513,1538]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820261C23B3CCA539CFD5CF9D1" authority="STEADMAN, 2006" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="2006" box="[242,681,1513,1538]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Eclectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infectus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3CCA539CFE2AF9D2" box="[242,479,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0261C23B3CCA539CFE9CF9D2" baselines="1531,1532" box="[242,361,1514,1537]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Eclectus" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">ECLECTUS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0261C23B3D48539BFE2AF9D2" baselines="1532" box="[368,479,1517,1537]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="infectus" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">INFECTUS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0261C23B3DDF539FFD91F9D2" baselines="1532,1532" box="[487,612,1513,1538]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Steadman" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">STEADMAN</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 2006
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
C
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BE9D758A0261C23B3C9B5047FDE9F910" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F63826010261C23B3C9B5047FE8AF957" blockId="34.[163,779,1585,1668]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3C9B5047FEFBF995" box="[163,270,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Material:</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3D235044FE7DF994" bold="true" box="[283,392,1586,1607]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Hopoate</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40261C23B3DAE5044FE20F994" box="[406,469,1586,1607]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">NISP</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 1, MNI = 1.;
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3EBD5044FCFFF994" bold="true" box="[645,778,1586,1607]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Nukuleka:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40261C23B3C9B5026FF17F9B6" box="[163,226,1616,1637]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">NISP</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 1, MNI = 1.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3DA95026FE3CF9B5" bold="true" box="[401,457,1616,1638]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Ofu:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40261C23B3DE95026FDE5F9B6" box="[465,528,1616,1637]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">NISP</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 6, MNI = 2.
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3EF85026FCFEF9B6" bold="true" box="[704,779,1616,1637]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Vuna:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40261C23B3C9B5019FF14F957" box="[163,225,1647,1668]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">NISP</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 2, MNI = 1.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F63826010261C23B3C9B50DBFDE9F910" blockId="34.[163,540,1709,1731]" box="[163,540,1709,1731]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3C9B50DBFEFBF911" box="[163,270,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
All from Lapita layers.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
107
data/7E/2E/97/7E2E97170261C23B3CD45176FABCFC1F.xml
Normal file
107
data/7E/2E/97/7E2E97170261C23B3CD45176FABCFC1F.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="9A49885011682AEE606D0BF21B4C2C8A">Prehistoric avifaunas from the Kingdom of Tonga</mods:title>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="79D666189BD1E0425BD68D96C3A1AFA1">Burley, David V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="42020FEB27C4507ABFCA6DFC8C2CAE06">
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<mods:date id="DBF4361F506F837CF6E409B15A033514">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2BE6AF7A59ADB600C022A2B3F8A6A969">189</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="F63826010261C23B3CD45176FD34F8CA" blockId="34.[236,705,1792,1817]" box="[236,705,1792,1817]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3CD45176FF02F8C4" box="[236,247,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">?</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820261C23B3CCF5176FD5AF8CA" authority="STEADMAN, 2006" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="2006" box="[247,687,1792,1817]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Eclectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="1000" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infectus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3CCF5176FE10F8C4" box="[247,485,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
|
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<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0261C23B3CCF5176FE9AF8C4" baselines="1809,1810" box="[247,367,1792,1815]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Eclectus" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">ECLECTUS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0261C23B3D4E5175FE10F8C4" baselines="1810" box="[374,485,1795,1815]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="infectus" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">INFECTUS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="F0DEB0DD0261C23B3DD55176FD9FF8C4" baselines="1811,1810" box="[493,618,1792,1817]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Steadman" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">STEADMAN</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 2006
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
C
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BE9D758A0261C23B3C9B513EFABCFC1F" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F63826010261C23B3C9B513EFD19F8AF" blockId="34.[163,779,1864,1917]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
|
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<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3C9B513EFEFBF88E" box="[163,270,1864,1885]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Material:</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3D1B513EFEAFF88D" bold="true" box="[291,346,1864,1886]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Ofu:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="9096BEC40261C23B3D5A513EFE54F88E" box="[354,417,1864,1885]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">NISP</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 6, MNI = 1 (does not change MNI for certainly identified material of this taxon).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F63826010261C23B3F0354F2FABCFC1F" blockId="34.[827,1443,644,973]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3F0354F2FC5FFD4A" box="[827,938,644,665]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820261C23B380354F2FB68FD4A" authorityName="WAGLER" authorityYear="1832" box="[1083,1181,644,665]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Eclectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B380354F2FB68FD4A" box="[1083,1181,644,665]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Eclectus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is represented by the extant
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820261C23B3FB254D5FB30FD6B" authority="(S. Muller, 1776)" baseAuthorityName="S. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[906,1221,675,697]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Eclectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3FB254D5FBF0FD6B" box="[906,1029,675,696]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Ec. roratus</emphasis>
|
||||
(S.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00261C23B381754D5FB48FD6A" author="Muller PLS" box="[1071,1213,675,697]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" refId="ref37438" refString="Muller PLS. 1776. Supplements - und Register-Band uber alle sechs Theile oder Classen des Thierreichs. Vol. 8. In: von Linne C, eds. Vollstandiges Natursystem. Nurnberg: Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe. Available at: https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/titleinfo/7189102" type="url" year="1776">Müller, 1776</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a polytypic species (nine subspecies) ranging from the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910261C23B38EC54B7FACAFD04" box="[1236,1343,705,727]" name="Indonesia" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||||
through to New
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910261C23B3FAB5496FC1CFD25" box="[915,1001,736,758]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the Solomons and northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910261C23B390E5496FA56FD25" box="[1334,1443,736,758]" name="Australia" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00261C23B3F7C5489FB62FCC7" author="Dickinson EC & Remsen JV Jr." box="[836,1175,767,789]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" refId="ref34979" refString="Dickinson EC, Remsen JV Jr. 2013. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 4 th edn, Vol. 1. Eastbourne: Aves Press." type="book" year="2013">Dickinson & Remsen, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The extinct species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31875D820261C23B3F035568FC4FFCE1" authorityName="Steadman" authorityYear="2006" box="[827,954,797,819]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Eclectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infectus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3F035568FC4FFCE1" box="[827,954,797,819]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Ec. infectus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described on archaeological specimens from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910261C23B3F4D554BFC4FFC81" box="[885,954,829,850]" name="Tonga" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and from Malakula in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910261C23B3881554BFAEEFC81" box="[1209,1307,829,850]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00261C23B3911554AFC88FCA2" author="Steadman DW" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" pagination="137 - 145" refId="ref38748" refString="Steadman DW. 2006 c. A new species of extinct parrot (Psittacidae: Eclectus) from Tonga and Vanuatu, South Pacific. Pacific Science 60: 137-145." type="journal article" year="2006">Steadman, 2006c</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Many more specimens attributed to this form were described from Teouma, on Efate in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910261C23B3903550CFA54FC5C" box="[1339,1441,890,911]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="92165BF00261C23B3F7B55EEFBD7FC7D" author="Worthy TH & Hawkins S & Bedford S & Spriggs M" box="[835,1058,920,942]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032" pagination="205 - 254" refId="ref39802" refString="Worthy TH, Hawkins S, Bedford S, Spriggs M. 2015. Avifauna from the Teouma Lapita Site, Efate Island, Vanuatu, including a new genus and species of megapode. Pacific Science 69: 205-254." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Worthy
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4F3FA130261C23B3F9955EFFC29FC7E" box="[929,988,920,942]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The bones described here were qualitatively the same as those from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8E9066910261C23B38D855C1FAB0FC1F" box="[1248,1349,951,972]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="34" pageNumber="1032">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue