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<document id="3BA90492132EFEBE3CBB97F4EF3C26C3" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="B2AD456-DA01-4DFC-B7AC-1C76E5138BCB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1739351837734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cabra-García, Jimmy & Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2020" docId="BF285E14BE3FFFFD24A5FAD2D20628B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zlz088.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Popperaneus CABRA-GARCIA & HORMIGA 2020, GEN. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1029" masterDocId="4311266CBE0CFFC82437FF9AD6302D05" masterDocTitle="Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1151" masterPageNumber="976" pageNumber="1027" updateTime="1739354235428" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
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<mods:titleInfo id="01F5DE76E398C94D247F7289FF3BCF09">
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<mods:title id="DE187DA75AEAE2D270BC3479A01226DA">Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58D8B710404283FC942123868A2CA453">Cabra-García, Jimmy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E1F9C7446310F1EDB48EABD64084BAC">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C47AB575260498EDFB29278D9EE9F246">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4973B3D9B7045B8A6EA8A42075882325">2020</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE3FFFFB24A5FAD2D44C285A" ID-CoL="98X6Y" authority="CABRA-GARCIA & HORMIGA" authorityName="CABRA-GARCIA & HORMIGA" authorityYear="2020" box="[146,636,1351,1376]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE3FFFFB24A5FAD2D70F285B" bold="true" box="[146,319,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">POPPERANEUS</emphasis>
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</smallCapsWord>
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&
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="373EEF02BE3FFFFB24A6FAEBD4BF2883" blockId="51.[145,655,1392,1414]" box="[145,655,1392,1414]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">
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<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE3FFFFB24A6FAEBD6F62883" box="[145,198,1393,1414]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE3FFFFB251AFAEBD4BA2883" authority="Camargo, 1950" authorityName="Camargo" authorityYear="1950" box="[301,650,1392,1414]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavensis">
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE3FFFFB251AFAEBD7E52883" box="[301,469,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Wixia gavensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE3FFFFB25EBFAEAD4BA2883" author="Camargo HF de" box="[476,650,1392,1414]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027" pagination="223 - 248" refId="ref44800" refString="Camargo HF de A. 1950. Contribuicao ao estudo das aranhas brasileiras (Arachnida-Araneae): tres especies novas e uma pouco conhecida. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo 9: 223-248." type="journal article" year="1950">Camargo, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="373EEF02BE3FFFFB24A6FA24D7C328F3" blockId="51.[145,720,1470,1526]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">
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<uri id="4310E300BE3FFFFB24F1FA24D7C328F3" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="4327D5D7BE3FFFFB25D8FA24D7C328F3" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">D1A9401D-9D76- 4320-9AE7-3BB047AE7ACE</uuid>
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<paragraph id="373EEF02BE3FFFFB24A6F99DD45F2A14" blockId="51.[145,761,1543,1902]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE3FFFFB24A6F99DD7382B19" box="[145,264,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||||
Males of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE3FFFFB254DF99DD43A2B19" authorityName="CABRA-GARCIA & HORMIGA" authorityYear="2020" box="[378,522,1543,1564]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE3FFFFB254DF99DD43A2B19" box="[378,522,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Popperaneus</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
can be distinguished from all other araneids with a paramedian apophysis by the morphology of the conductor, which has two distinct portions with a shared attachment to the tegulum (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB24C9F91BD7AE2B92" box="[254,414,1665,1687]" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="99.[145,224,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@99.[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figure 83. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, male left palp. A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. C, ectal. D, detail of palp sclerites, mesal. E, detail of palp sclerites, mesal; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C); 20 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: BH, basal haematodocha; C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Figs 83A, B, D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB259DF91BD7C52B93" box="[426,501,1665,1687]" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="100.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[249,1357,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@100.[249,1357,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 84. Popperaneus gavensis. A–E, male left palp.A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ectal. C, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. D, anterior. E, dorsomesal. F, detail of palp sclerites, ventral; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–E); 20 μm (F). Abbreviations: C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">84A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB2636F91BD4652B92" box="[513,597,1665,1687]" captionStart="Figure 100" captionStartId="116.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[243,1363,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@116.[243,1363,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figure 100. Male palp with terminal apophysis and embolus removed. A, B, Parawixia audax. A, mesal. B, anterior. C, D,Paraverrucosa heteracantha.C, mesal.D, anterior;arrow indicates sclerotized projectionof the conductor.E, F,Popperaneus iguape. E, mesal; arrow indicates region in which the membrane is projected below the PM. F, anterior. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; MA, median apophysis; PF, paramedian apophysis fold; PS, paramedian apophysis stalk; T, tegulum." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">100E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB2656F91BD48A2B93" box="[609,698,1665,1687]" captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="119.[145,223,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@119.[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="Figure 103. Male palp, with terminal apophysis and embolus removed, mesal. A, Alpaida delicata. B, Popperaneus iguape; arrow indicates the orientation of the PS base. C, Popperaneus gavensis. D, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra; arrow indicates C sclerotized projection. E, Paraverrucosa heteracantha; arrow indicates C sclerotized projection. F, Wagneriana spicata. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; MA, median apophysis; PF, paramedian apophysis fold; PS, paramedian apophysis stalk; T, tegulum." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">103B, C</figureCitation>
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). The females are distinguished by the cylindrical aggregate spigots (
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<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB24C5F925D74B2BD1" box="[242,379,1726,1749]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="71.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[276,1294,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@71.[276,1294,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figure 55. Posterior lateral spinneret spinning field, female.A, Edricus spiniger. B, Witica cayanus. C, Parawixia audax. D, Parawixia kochi. E, Parawixia rimosa. F, Popperaneus iguape, marked inset in G. G, detail of the right triad. H, Popperaneus iguape, detail of the left triad. Scale bars: 20 μm (A–F); 10 μm (G, H). Abbreviations: AC, aciniform gland spigots; AG, aggregate gland spigots; CY, cylindrical gland spigot; FL, flagelliform gland spigot." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Figs 55F–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
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<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB25BEF924D7862BD1" box="[393,438,1726,1748]" captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="72.[163,244,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@72.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 56. Posterior lateral spinneret spinning field, female. A, Popperaneus gavensis. B, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra. C, Paraverrucosa uzaga. D, Actinosoma pentacanthum. E, Rubrepeira rubronigra. F, Alpaida delicata. G, Alpaida septemmammata. H, Wagneriana spicata. Scale bars: 20 μm. Abbreviations: AC, aciniform gland spigots; AG, aggregate gland spigots; CY, cylindrical gland spigot; FL, flagelliform gland spigot." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">56A</figureCitation>
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||||
) and the morphology of the copulatory ducts, which have two distinct, almost perpendicular portions (
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<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB2593F966D4272A14" box="[420,535,1788,1810]" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="134.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@134.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="Figure 118. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral; arrow indicates epigynal pocket. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, detail of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D); 20 μm (E, F). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Figs 118D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB2614F966D4502A14" box="[547,608,1788,1809]" captionStart="Figure 119" captionStartId="135.[145,224,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@135.[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="Figure 119. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, spermathecae and ducts, lateral. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D, F); 20 μm (E). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">119D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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The monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE3FFFFB25B6F881D4242A35" authorityName="CABRA-GARCIA & HORMIGA" authorityYear="2020" box="[385,532,1819,1840]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE3FFFFB25B6F881D4242A35" box="[385,532,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Popperaneus</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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(Goodman–Bremer support = 126) is supported by ten unambiguous phenotypic synapomorphies, four of which are unique and non-homoplastic (
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<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB2014FB6ED25E280C" box="[1059,1134,1268,1290]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="35.[142,227,1690,1712]" captionTargetBox="[212,694,197,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-422@35.[211,694,195,1650]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 17. Optimal tree alignment plus parsimony (TA+PA) hypothesis. Tree shows proportional branch lengths (from one of the most parsimonious trees), unsupported nodes collapsed, and selected nodes labelled with unambiguously optimized phenotypic synapomorphies (black square = unique, non-homoplastic; red square = unique, homoplastic; blue square = non-unique," pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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): pale lateral spots on the female carapace (character 3), cylindrical aggregate spigots (character 67), conductor with two distinct portions (character 87) and terminal apophysis with a well-developed perpendicular ridge (character 115).
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</paragraph>
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||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE3FFFFB271EFA32D58828B8" box="[809,952,1448,1469]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
Total body length
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–
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in males and
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|
||||
females. Carapace longer than wide, with dusky sides and a medial pale yellow to brown longitudinal region. Females with two lateral pale spots on the cephalic region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB2099F9B8D3182B3D" box="[1198,1320,1570,1592]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="39.[145,225,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[220,1349,197,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-26@39.[218,1351,195,1702]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 19. Habitus, female. A, Wagneriana carinata. B, Wagneriana jacaza. C, Wagneriana sp. nov. 2. D, Paraverrucosa uzaga. E, Alpaida septemmammata. F, Verrucosa arenata. G, Pronous peje. H, Parawixia audax. I, Popperaneus gavensis. J, Popperaneus iguape. Arrows in A–D indicate longitudinal pale stripe. Arrows in I and J indicate lateral pale spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Figs 19I, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Female carapace densely covered by
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE3FFFFB2059F9DBD2AF2B53" box="[1134,1183,1601,1622]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
II white setae on the cephalic region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB27ECF9FAD2622B70" box="[987,1106,1632,1654]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="38.[163,241,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[253,1350,196,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-26@38.[252,1352,195,1702]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 18. Cephalothorax dorsal, female. A, Wagneriana tauricornis, marked inset in B. B, setae type I. C, Wagneriana sp. nov. 3, marked inset in D; arrow indicates macrosetae. D, setae type I. E, Popperaneus iguape, marked inset in F. F, setae type II. G, Alpaida delicata, marked inset in H. H, setae type III. Scale bars: 200 μm (A, C, E, G); 20 μm (B, D, F, H)." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Figs 18E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB206CF9FAD2A82B70" box="[1115,1176,1632,1653]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="39.[145,225,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[220,1349,197,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-26@39.[218,1351,195,1702]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 19. Habitus, female. A, Wagneriana carinata. B, Wagneriana jacaza. C, Wagneriana sp. nov. 2. D, Paraverrucosa uzaga. E, Alpaida septemmammata. F, Verrucosa arenata. G, Pronous peje. H, Parawixia audax. I, Popperaneus gavensis. J, Popperaneus iguape. Arrows in A–D indicate longitudinal pale stripe. Arrows in I and J indicate lateral pale spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">19I,J</figureCitation>
|
||||
; character 1) and some scattered ones on the thoracic region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB20D6F9E4D3712B96" box="[1249,1345,1662,1684]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="38.[163,241,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[253,1350,196,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-26@38.[252,1352,195,1702]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 18. Cephalothorax dorsal, female. A, Wagneriana tauricornis, marked inset in B. B, setae type I. C, Wagneriana sp. nov. 3, marked inset in D; arrow indicates macrosetae. D, setae type I. E, Popperaneus iguape, marked inset in F. F, setae type II. G, Alpaida delicata, marked inset in H. H, setae type III. Scale bars: 200 μm (A, C, E, G); 20 μm (B, D, F, H)." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Male carapace more hirsute than that of females. Sternum pale yellow to brown, approximately as long as wide and with imbricate cuticle texture. Labium pale yellow to brown, wider than long. Lateral eyes subequal in size. Posterior median eyes larger than anterior median eyes and surrounded by black rings (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB20EEF8ACD3632A49" box="[1241,1363,1846,1868]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[164,1441,196,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-119@14.[163,1443,195,1549]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. A–C, web and habitus of Popperaneus gavensis from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, web. B, C, habitus in vivo. D, collecting site of Popperaneus iguape in Parque Estadual Intervales, São Paulo, Brazil; arrow indicates web localization. Photographs: Jimmy Cabra-García." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">Figs 7B–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE3FFFFB2156F8ACD3B22A4E" box="[1377,1410,1846,1867]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[146,228,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[147,1423,197,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-98@15.[145,1425,195,1606]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. A–D, habitus in vivo of Popperaneus gavensis from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Photographs: Jimmy Cabra-García." pageId="51" pageNumber="1027">8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Clypeus low, subequal to the diameter of the AME and with imbricate cuticle texture. Chelicerae pale yellow to dark brown. Female paturon with a pale area in the frontal surface. Legs yellowish, with dusky rings. Leg formula I>II>IV>III. Male coxae I with ventral hook (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC249CFA19D73D289C" box="[171,269,1411,1433]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="46.[163,243,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[205,1400,196,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-26@46.[204,1402,195,1702]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 26. Ventral cephalothorax of male. A, Acanthepeira stellata. B, Alpaida delicata. C, Actinosoma pentacanthum. D, Eriophora ravilla. E, Ocrepeira darlingtoni. F, Parawixia rimosa. G. Verrucosa arenata. H. Popperaneus gavensis. I. Wagneriana tauricornis. Insets showing coxae I. Scale bars: 200μm." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 26H</figureCitation>
|
||||
), femora II with prolateral groove (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2692FA19D4CC289D" box="[677,764,1411,1433]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="48.[163,242,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[164,1441,196,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-191@48.[163,1443,195,1427]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figure 30. Femur II, male, prolateral surface. A, Acanthepeira stellata. B, Alpaida delicata. C, Alpaida septemmammata. D, Actinosoma pentacanthum. E, Edricus productus. F, Ocrepeira darlingtoni. G, Parawixia audax. H, Parawixia rimosa. I, Popperaneus gavensis. J, Wagneriana jelskii. Arrows indicate prolateral groove. Scale bars: 500 μm." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 30I</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and tibia II with enlarged macrosetae in the prolateral surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2533FA5BD76D28D3" box="[260,349,1473,1495]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="50.[163,244,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[164,1441,196,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-26@50.[163,1443,195,1654]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figure 32. Tibia II, male, prolateral surface. A, Alpaida delicata. B, Eriophora ravilla. C, Ocrepeira darlingtoni. D, Parawixia audax. E, Parawixia kochi. F, Parawixia rimosa. G, Wagneriana maseta. H, Wagneriana silvae. I, Wagneriana jelskii. J, Popperaneus gavensis. Arrows indicate prolateral groove. Scale bars: 500 μm." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 32J</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and macrosetae in the ventral sector of the retrolateral surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC25D0FA45D47A28F1" box="[487,586,1503,1525]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="51.[145,227,764,786]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,724]" captionTargetId="figure-352@51.[145,1425,195,724]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Figure 33. Tibia II, male, retrolateral surface. A, Alpaida delicata. B, Parawixia audax. C, Acanthepeira stellata. D, Popperaneus gavensis; arrows indicate ventral macrosetae. Scale bars: 500 μm." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 33D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Male coxae IV and trochanter IV without macrosetae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE38FFFC2494FBAED6C829D9" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" startId="52.[163,244,1076,1098]" targetBox="[169,774,197,1035]" targetPageId="52" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE38FFFC2494FBAED6C829D9" blockId="52.[163,779,1076,1244]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC2494FBAED72E294C" bold="true" box="[163,286,1076,1098]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figure 35.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B, metatarsus II, dorsal surface, male. A,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC2494FBCBD7422962" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[163,370,1105,1127]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maseta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC2494FBCBD7422962" box="[163,370,1105,1127]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Wagneriana maseta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC25ADFBCBD46B2962" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[410,603,1105,1127]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC25ADFBCBD46B2962" box="[410,603,1105,1127]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Wagneriana silvae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; arrow indicates medial macrosetae. C, femur III, ventral surface, male,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC2494FB16D75A29A7" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[163,362,1164,1186]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC2494FB16D75A29A7" box="[163,362,1164,1186]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Wagneriana silvae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. D, E, femur IV, ventral surface, male. D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC24F6FB33D7A629BA" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[193,406,1193,1215]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maseta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC24F6FB33D7A629BA" box="[193,406,1193,1215]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Wagneriana maseta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. E,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC25F6FB33D4B929BA" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[449,649,1193,1215]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC25F6FB33D4B929BA" box="[449,649,1193,1215]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Wagneriana silvae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Scale bars: 500 μm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE38FFFC248CF987D3212F4F" blockId="52.[163,779,1289,1893]" lastBlockId="52.[827,1444,197,1384]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="87E9E55FBE38FFFC248CF987D33C2F4F" collectionCode="PI, AC, CY" collectorName="Abdominal & Posterior & One & Females AG & Epiandrous" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
Abdomen longer than wide. Dorsal and lateral surfaces with white, brown and black irregular marks, forming highly variable patterns among individuals. Ventral surface with a dusky median band from the epigynum to the spinnerets, flanked by two thin, white longitudinal bands. Booklungs cuticle obscurely imbricate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2634F94FD4592BEE" box="[515,617,1749,1771]" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="62.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[249,1357,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-90@62.[249,1357,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 46. Abdomen, female, booklung. A, Verrucosa arenata. B, Ocrepeira darlingtoni. C, Eriophora ravilla. D, Parawixia rimosa. E, Popperaneus gavensis. F,Alpaida delicata. Insets show obscurely imbricate cuticle. Scale bars: 100 μm." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 46E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Dorsal and lateral surfaces of the abdomen covered by white to pale brown short setae
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE38FFFC2585F888D7D42A22" box="[434,484,1810,1831]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
II (see characters 41 and 42;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC24FCF8ABD77A2A43" box="[203,330,1841,1863]" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="57.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[280,1289,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@57.[280,1289,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Figure 41. Dorsal abdomen of female. A, Popperaneus gavensis, marked inset in B; arrow indicates bifid tubercle. B, detail of short setae type II. C, Parawixia kochi, marked inset in D. D, detail of short setae type III. E, Wagneriana jelskii, marked inset in F. F, detail of short setae type I. G, Wagneriana lechuza, marked inset in H. H, detail of short setae type I and long setae. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, C, E, G); 50 μm (B, D, F, H)." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 41A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectorName id="9A748AD4BE38FFFC2569F8ABD7EC2A42" box="[350,476,1841,1863]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Abdominal</collectorName>
|
||||
tubercles disposed in four lateral pairs, the first bifid, and one posteromedian (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2774FF5FD5AF2DDF" box="[835,927,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="15.[146,228,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[147,1423,197,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-98@15.[145,1425,195,1606]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 8. A–D, habitus in vivo of Popperaneus gavensis from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Photographs: Jimmy Cabra-García." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 8D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2799FF5FD5DF2DDE" box="[942,1007,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="39.[145,225,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[220,1349,197,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-26@39.[218,1351,195,1702]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 19. Habitus, female. A, Wagneriana carinata. B, Wagneriana jacaza. C, Wagneriana sp. nov. 2. D, Paraverrucosa uzaga. E, Alpaida septemmammata. F, Verrucosa arenata. G, Pronous peje. H, Parawixia audax. I, Popperaneus gavensis. J, Popperaneus iguape. Arrows in A–D indicate longitudinal pale stripe. Arrows in I and J indicate lateral pale spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">19I, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC27C9FF5FD21C2DDF" box="[1022,1068,197,218]" captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="57.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[280,1289,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@57.[280,1289,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Figure 41. Dorsal abdomen of female. A, Popperaneus gavensis, marked inset in B; arrow indicates bifid tubercle. B, detail of short setae type II. C, Parawixia kochi, marked inset in D. D, detail of short setae type III. E, Wagneriana jelskii, marked inset in F. F, detail of short setae type I. G, Wagneriana lechuza, marked inset in H. H, detail of short setae type I and long setae. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, C, E, G); 50 μm (B, D, F, H)." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">41A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). ALS with a large
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC2120FF5CD3022DDE" box="[1303,1330,198,219]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">PI</collectionCode>
|
||||
field and one MAP accompanied by a nubbin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC20C6FF7ED3672DFC" box="[1265,1367,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="64.[164,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[252,1354,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-88@64.[252,1354,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Figure 48. Anterior lateral spinneret spinning field, female. A, Edricus spiniger. B, Witica cayanus. C, Parawixia audax. D, Parawixia kochi. E, Parawixia rimosa. F, Popperaneus iguape. Scale bars: 20 μm. Abbreviations: MAP, major ampullate gland spigot; Nu, nubbin; PI, piriform gland spigots." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 48F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2152FF7ED3A42DFC" box="[1381,1428,228,249]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="65.[145,226,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[243,1326,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@65.[243,1326,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="Figure 49. Anterior lateral spinneret spinning field, female. A, Popperaneus gavensis. B, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra. C, Paraverrucosa uzaga. D, Actinosoma pentacanthum. E, Rubrepeira rubronigra. F, Alpaida delicata. Scale bars: 20 μm. Abbreviations: MAP, major ampullate gland spigot; Nu, nubbin; PI, piriform gland spigots." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">49A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectorName id="9A748AD4BE38FFFC270CFE98D5802C1D" box="[827,944,258,280]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Posterior</collectorName>
|
||||
median spinneret with numerous
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC214AFE99D3912C1D" box="[1405,1441,259,280]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||||
anterior to a central
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC2018FEBBD2632C33" box="[1071,1107,289,310]" country="France" name="Centre des Yersinia" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">CY</collectionCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectorName id="9A748AD4BE38FFFC2069FEBBD2BD2C33" box="[1118,1165,289,310]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">One</collectorName>
|
||||
to three
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC20C0FEBBD32B2C33" box="[1271,1307,289,310]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||||
are located between the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC27E9FEDAD2322C50" box="[990,1026,320,341]" country="France" name="Centre des Yersinia" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">CY</collectionCode>
|
||||
and the posterior mAP, which is accompanied by a posterior nubbin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2131FEC4D3A22C71" box="[1286,1426,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="68.[163,246,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@68.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Figure 52. Posterior median spinneret spinning field, female. A, Popperaneus iguape. B, Popperaneus gavensis. C, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra. D, Paraverrucosa uzaga. E, Actinosoma pentacanthum. F, Rubrepeira rubronigra. G, Alpaida delicata. H, Alpaida septemmammata. I, Wagneriana spicata. Scale bars: 20 μm. Abbreviations:AC, aciniform gland spigots; CY, cylindrical gland spigot; mAP, minor ampullate gland spigot." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 52A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectorName id="9A748AD4BE38FFFC270CFEE7D5952C96" box="[827,933,381,403]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Posterior</collectorName>
|
||||
lateral spinnerets with numerous
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC210AFEE7D3512C97" box="[1341,1377,381,402]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2146FEE7D5562CB7" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="71.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[276,1294,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@71.[276,1294,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figure 55. Posterior lateral spinneret spinning field, female.A, Edricus spiniger. B, Witica cayanus. C, Parawixia audax. D, Parawixia kochi. E, Parawixia rimosa. F, Popperaneus iguape, marked inset in G. G, detail of the right triad. H, Popperaneus iguape, detail of the left triad. Scale bars: 20 μm (A–F); 10 μm (G, H). Abbreviations: AC, aciniform gland spigots; AG, aggregate gland spigots; CY, cylindrical gland spigot; FL, flagelliform gland spigot." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 55F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2740FE06D5962CB7" box="[887,934,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="72.[163,244,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@72.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 56. Posterior lateral spinneret spinning field, female. A, Popperaneus gavensis. B, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra. C, Paraverrucosa uzaga. D, Actinosoma pentacanthum. E, Rubrepeira rubronigra. F, Alpaida delicata. G, Alpaida septemmammata. H, Wagneriana spicata. Scale bars: 20 μm. Abbreviations: AC, aciniform gland spigots; AG, aggregate gland spigots; CY, cylindrical gland spigot; FL, flagelliform gland spigot." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">56A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectorName id="9A748AD4BE38FFFC27F6FE06D2692CB4" box="[961,1113,412,434]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Females AG</collectorName>
|
||||
–FL triplet anterior to the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC270CFE20D56F2CCA" box="[827,863,442,463]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||||
and almost parallel with the anterior
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC211EFE20D37D2CCA" box="[1321,1357,442,463]" country="France" name="Centre des Yersinia" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">CY</collectionCode>
|
||||
spigot. AG cylindrical, with smooth cuticle texture and not embracing the flagelliform spigot (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC20F8FE62D3682F08" box="[1231,1368,503,526]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="71.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[276,1294,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@71.[276,1294,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figure 55. Posterior lateral spinneret spinning field, female.A, Edricus spiniger. B, Witica cayanus. C, Parawixia audax. D, Parawixia kochi. E, Parawixia rimosa. F, Popperaneus iguape, marked inset in G. G, detail of the right triad. H, Popperaneus iguape, detail of the left triad. Scale bars: 20 μm (A–F); 10 μm (G, H). Abbreviations: AC, aciniform gland spigots; AG, aggregate gland spigots; CY, cylindrical gland spigot; FL, flagelliform gland spigot." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 55F–H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2151FE6DD3A32F08" box="[1382,1427,503,525]" captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="72.[163,244,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@72.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Figure 56. Posterior lateral spinneret spinning field, female. A, Popperaneus gavensis. B, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra. C, Paraverrucosa uzaga. D, Actinosoma pentacanthum. E, Rubrepeira rubronigra. F, Alpaida delicata. G, Alpaida septemmammata. H, Wagneriana spicata. Scale bars: 20 μm. Abbreviations: AC, aciniform gland spigots; AG, aggregate gland spigots; CY, cylindrical gland spigot; FL, flagelliform gland spigot." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">56A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<collectorName id="9A748AD4BE38FFFC270CFD8CD5962F29" box="[827,934,534,556]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Posterior</collectorName>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC2799FD8CD5E22F2E" box="[942,978,534,555]" country="France" name="Centre des Yersinia" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">CY</collectionCode>
|
||||
surrounded by
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC20BBFD8CD2822F2E" box="[1164,1202,534,555]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectorName id="9A748AD4BE38FFFC2089FD8CD3772F29" box="[1214,1351,534,556]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Epiandrous</collectorName>
|
||||
fusules arranged in a transverse line (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC20A9FDAFD3302F4E" box="[1182,1280,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="76.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[286,1318,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@76.[286,1318,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Figure 60. Epiandrous fusules. A, Verrucosa arenata. B, Ocrepeira darlingtoni. C, Eriophora ravilla. D, Edricus productus. E, Parawixia audax. F, Parawixia kochi. G, Parawixia rimosa. H, Popperaneus gavensis. I, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra. J, Actinosoma pentacanthum. Arrows indicate lateral fusules aggregations. Scale bars: 20 μm." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 60H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE38FFFC2764FDCED5FD2862" blockId="52.[827,1444,197,1384]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
Male palpal coxae with a tooth-like projection facing a ventrobasal femoral projection (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC20E1FDE8D30E2F8D" box="[1238,1342,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 62" captionStartId="78.[163,245,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[237,1369,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@78.[237,1369,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="Figure 62. Ventral cephalothorax of male. A, Verrucosa arenata. B, Ocrepeira darlingtoni. C, Eriophora ravilla. D, Acanthepeira stellata. E, Parawixia audax. F, Parawixia rimosa. G, Parawixia kochi. H, Popperaneus gavensis. I, Popperaneus iguape. White asterisks are on endite projection and black asterisks on palpal femur ventrobasal apophysis. Scale bars: 200 μm." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 62H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Palpal patella with one macroseta. Paracymbium with a median ridge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC27DAFD2AD2672FC0" box="[1005,1111,688,710]" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="99.[145,224,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@99.[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figure 83. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, male left palp. A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. C, ectal. D, detail of palp sclerites, mesal. E, detail of palp sclerites, mesal; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C); 20 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: BH, basal haematodocha; C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 83C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2050FD2AD2A62FC0" box="[1127,1174,688,709]" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="100.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[249,1357,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@100.[249,1357,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 84. Popperaneus gavensis. A–E, male left palp.A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ectal. C, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. D, anterior. E, dorsomesal. F, detail of palp sclerites, ventral; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–E); 20 μm (F). Abbreviations: C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">84B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Tegulum basal knob well developed, projecting between the conductor upper portion and the terminal apophysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC210DFD77D57D2E24" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="99.[145,224,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@99.[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figure 83. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, male left palp. A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. C, ectal. D, detail of palp sclerites, mesal. E, detail of palp sclerites, mesal; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C); 20 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: BH, basal haematodocha; C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 83A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Median apophysis with a strongly sclerotized ridge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2774FCB0D5FB2E45" box="[835,971,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="81.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@81.[300,1270,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 65. Male palp. A, Parawixia kochi. B, Actinosoma pentacanthum. C, Alpaida septemmammata. D, Alpaida delicata. E, Popperaneus gavensis. F, Popperaneus iguape. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 65E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC27EEFCB0D2372E3A" box="[985,1031,810,831]" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="99.[145,224,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@99.[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figure 83. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, male left palp. A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. C, ectal. D, detail of palp sclerites, mesal. E, detail of palp sclerites, mesal; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C); 20 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: BH, basal haematodocha; C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">83A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2020FCB0D2762E3A" box="[1047,1094,810,831]" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="100.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[249,1357,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@100.[249,1357,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 84. Popperaneus gavensis. A–E, male left palp.A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ectal. C, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. D, anterior. E, dorsomesal. F, detail of palp sclerites, ventral; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–E); 20 μm (F). Abbreviations: C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">84A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Conductor divided into two main portions connected to the tegulum by a shared medial attachment (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2014FCF2D2922E78" box="[1059,1186,871,894]" captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="81.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@81.[300,1270,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 65. Male palp. A, Parawixia kochi. B, Actinosoma pentacanthum. C, Alpaida septemmammata. D, Alpaida delicata. E, Popperaneus gavensis. F, Popperaneus iguape. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 65E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2087FCF2D32B2E78" box="[1200,1307,872,893]" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="99.[145,224,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@99.[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figure 83. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, male left palp. A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. C, ectal. D, detail of palp sclerites, mesal. E, detail of palp sclerites, mesal; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C); 20 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: BH, basal haematodocha; C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">83A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC211FFCF2D3652E78" box="[1320,1365,872,893]" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="100.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[249,1357,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@100.[249,1357,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 84. Popperaneus gavensis. A–E, male left palp.A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ectal. C, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. D, anterior. E, dorsomesal. F, detail of palp sclerites, ventral; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–E); 20 μm (F). Abbreviations: C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">84C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2155FCF2D5782E99" captionStart="Figure 100" captionStartId="116.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[243,1363,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@116.[243,1363,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figure 100. Male palp with terminal apophysis and embolus removed. A, B, Parawixia audax. A, mesal. B, anterior. C, D,Paraverrucosa heteracantha.C, mesal.D, anterior;arrow indicates sclerotized projectionof the conductor.E, F,Popperaneus iguape. E, mesal; arrow indicates region in which the membrane is projected below the PM. F, anterior. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; MA, median apophysis; PF, paramedian apophysis fold; PS, paramedian apophysis stalk; T, tegulum." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">100E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2764FC1CD59B2E9E" box="[851,939,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="119.[145,223,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@119.[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="Figure 103. Male palp, with terminal apophysis and embolus removed, mesal. A, Alpaida delicata. B, Popperaneus iguape; arrow indicates the orientation of the PS base. C, Popperaneus gavensis. D, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra; arrow indicates C sclerotized projection. E, Paraverrucosa heteracantha; arrow indicates C sclerotized projection. F, Wagneriana spicata. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; MA, median apophysis; PF, paramedian apophysis fold; PS, paramedian apophysis stalk; T, tegulum." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">103B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Outer margin of the paramedian apophysis stalk oriented towards the conductor and apical fold, decreasing abruptly in width towards the tip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2103FC5ED57D2EF2" captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="119.[145,223,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@119.[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetPageId="119" captionText="Figure 103. Male palp, with terminal apophysis and embolus removed, mesal. A, Alpaida delicata. B, Popperaneus iguape; arrow indicates the orientation of the PS base. C, Popperaneus gavensis. D, Paraverrucosa eupalaestra; arrow indicates C sclerotized projection. E, Paraverrucosa heteracantha; arrow indicates C sclerotized projection. F, Wagneriana spicata. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; MA, median apophysis; PF, paramedian apophysis fold; PS, paramedian apophysis stalk; T, tegulum." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 103B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Paramedian apophysis connected to the conductor through a short membrane (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC20B9FB9BD32F2913" box="[1166,1311,1025,1047]" captionStart="Figure 100" captionStartId="116.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[243,1363,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@116.[243,1363,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figure 100. Male palp with terminal apophysis and embolus removed. A, B, Parawixia audax. A, mesal. B, anterior. C, D,Paraverrucosa heteracantha.C, mesal.D, anterior;arrow indicates sclerotized projectionof the conductor.E, F,Popperaneus iguape. E, mesal; arrow indicates region in which the membrane is projected below the PM. F, anterior. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; MA, median apophysis; PF, paramedian apophysis fold; PS, paramedian apophysis stalk; T, tegulum." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 100E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Terminal apophysis surpassing the tegulum upper border, with a well-developed median ridge and attached to the radix by a thin, membranous region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC20D4FBC7D3522977" box="[1251,1378,1117,1139]" captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="81.[145,223,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-25@81.[300,1270,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figure 65. Male palp. A, Parawixia kochi. B, Actinosoma pentacanthum. C, Alpaida septemmammata. D, Alpaida delicata. E, Popperaneus gavensis. F, Popperaneus iguape. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 65E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2147FBC7D3AD2977" box="[1392,1437,1117,1138]" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="99.[145,224,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@99.[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figure 83. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, male left palp. A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. C, ectal. D, detail of palp sclerites, mesal. E, detail of palp sclerites, mesal; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C); 20 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: BH, basal haematodocha; C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">83A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC270CFBE6D5592994" box="[827,873,1148,1169]" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="100.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[249,1357,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@100.[249,1357,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 84. Popperaneus gavensis. A–E, male left palp.A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ectal. C, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. D, anterior. E, dorsomesal. F, detail of palp sclerites, ventral; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–E); 20 μm (F). Abbreviations: C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">84A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Embolus elongate and fused with the terminal apophysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC27F7FB00D27629B5" box="[960,1094,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="80.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[242,1364,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@80.[242,1364,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figure 64. Male palp. A, Verrucosa arenata. B, Ocrepeira darlingtoni. C, Eriophora ravilla. D, Acanthepeira stellata. E, Parawixia audax. F, Parawixia rimosa. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CL, cymbium lamina; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 64E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2063FB00D2B229AA" box="[1108,1154,1178,1199]" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="99.[145,224,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@99.[215,1355,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Figure 83. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, male left palp. A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. C, ectal. D, detail of palp sclerites, mesal. E, detail of palp sclerites, mesal; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C); 20 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: BH, basal haematodocha; C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">83A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC20A6FB00D28F29AA" box="[1169,1215,1178,1199]" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="100.[163,241,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[249,1357,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@100.[249,1357,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 84. Popperaneus gavensis. A–E, male left palp.A, mesal; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. B, ectal. C, ventral; arrow indicates TA perpendicular ridge. D, anterior. E, dorsomesal. F, detail of palp sclerites, ventral; arrow indicates TAbp. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–E); 20 μm (F). Abbreviations: C, conductor; CB, cymbium; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; MH, median haematodocha; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; ST, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TAbp, terminal apophysis basal projection." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">84A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Epigynum with a small scape (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC27FCFB23D26429CB" box="[971,1108,1209,1231]" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="134.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@134.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="Figure 118. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral; arrow indicates epigynal pocket. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, detail of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D); 20 μm (E, F). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Fig. 118A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), lightly sclerotized. Epigynal lateral plates wider than the medial plate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC211CFB4DD3AD29E8" box="[1323,1437,1239,1261]" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="134.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@134.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="Figure 118. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral; arrow indicates epigynal pocket. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, detail of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D); 20 μm (E, F). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 118B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC270CFB6CD549280E" box="[827,889,1270,1291]" captionStart="Figure 119" captionStartId="135.[145,224,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@135.[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="Figure 119. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, spermathecae and ducts, lateral. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D, F); 20 μm (E). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">119B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Copulatory ducts longer than fertilization ducts, with two almost perpendicular portions (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2146FA8FD549284C" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="134.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@134.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="Figure 118. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral; arrow indicates epigynal pocket. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, detail of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D); 20 μm (E, F). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 118D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC27BEFAAED5F7284C" box="[905,967,1332,1353]" captionStart="Figure 119" captionStartId="135.[145,224,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@135.[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="Figure 119. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, spermathecae and ducts, lateral. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D, F); 20 μm (E). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">119D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Spermathecae oval to spherical (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC2147FAA9D5462862" captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="134.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-26@134.[294,1312,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="Figure 118. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral; arrow indicates epigynal pocket. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, detail of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D); 20 μm (E, F). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Figs 118E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE38FFFC27B4FAC8D58E2862" box="[899,958,1362,1383]" captionStart="Figure 119" captionStartId="135.[145,224,1674,1696]" captionTargetBox="[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-26@135.[200,1370,195,1634]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="Figure 119. Popperaneus iguape. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, spermathecae and ducts, lateral. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D, F); 20 μm (E). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape." pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">119E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE38FFFC270CFA0FD33C2B20" blockId="52.[827,1442,1429,1573]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC270CFA0FD5EF28AF" box="[827,991,1429,1450]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Composition:</emphasis>
|
||||
The genus consists of two species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC270CFA2ED33D28CC" authority="(Camargo, 1950)" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Camargo" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[827,1293,1459,1481]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavensis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC270CFA2ED20F28CC" box="[827,1087,1460,1481]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Popperaneus gavensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE38FFFC2067FA2ED33628CC" author="Camargo HF de" box="[1104,1286,1459,1481]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" pagination="223 - 248" refId="ref44800" refString="Camargo HF de A. 1950. Contribuicao ao estudo das aranhas brasileiras (Arachnida-Araneae): tres especies novas e uma pouco conhecida. Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria de Agricultura, Sao Paulo 9: 223-248." type="journal article" year="1950">Camargo, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC2121FA2ED39228CC" bold="true" box="[1302,1442,1460,1481]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EC68E6BBE38FFFC2121FA2ED39228CC" box="[1302,1442,1460,1481]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC2744FA49D33728E2" authority="(Levi, 1991)" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[883,1287,1490,1512]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iguape" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC2744FA49D25928ED" box="[883,1129,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Popperaneus iguape</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE38FFFC204BFA48D2CF28E2" author="Levi HW" box="[1148,1279,1490,1512]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" pagination="363 - 415" refId="ref50019" refString="Levi HW. 1991. The Neotropical orb-weaver genera Edricus and Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 363-415." type="journal article" year="1991">Levi, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC2125FA48D39228E2" bold="true" box="[1298,1442,1490,1511]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EC68E6BBE38FFFC2125FA48D39228E2" box="[1298,1442,1490,1511]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Complementary descriptions of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC2083FA6BD3922B02" box="[1204,1442,1521,1543]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC2083FA6BD3782B03" box="[1204,1352,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Popperaneus</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
will be published in a forthcoming paper.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE38FFFC270CF9C8D2152BE6" blockId="52.[827,1443,1618,1763]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC270CF9C8D5892B62" box="[827,953,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||||
The generic name is a patronym honoring Sir Karl
|
||||
<collectionCode id="519077C7BE38FFFC2795F9EBD5872B83" box="[930,951,1649,1670]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
. Popper (1902–1994), in recognition of his eminent contributions to the philosophy of science. The ending is derived from the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE38FFFC2131F934D3582BC6" authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1757" box="[1286,1384,1710,1731]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC2131F934D3582BC6" box="[1286,1384,1710,1731]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Araneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The gender is masculine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE38FFFC270CF895D5A62A67" blockId="52.[827,1442,1807,1891]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE38FFFC270CF895D5E72A21" box="[827,983,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||||
Known from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE38FFFC20B3F895D2FE2A20" box="[1156,1230,1807,1829]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE38FFFC2139F88AD3B12A20" box="[1294,1409,1808,1829]" name="Paraguay" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. It occupies a broad elevational range from sea level to
|
||||
<quantity id="F07942E7BE38FFFC270CF8D7D5A22A67" box="[827,914,1869,1891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="1028" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE39FFFD24A6FC1AD5692EB6" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" startId="53.[145,225,896,918]" targetBox="[307,1263,196,853]" targetPageId="53" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE39FFFD24A6FC1AD5692EB6" blockId="53.[145,1425,896,947]" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD24A6FC1AD73A2E90" bold="true" box="[145,266,896,918]" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Figure 36.</emphasis>
|
||||
Ventral cephalothorax of male. A,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD26B4FC1AD55D2E93" baseAuthorityName="Bryant" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[643,877,896,918]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Ocrepeira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlingtoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD26B4FC1AD55D2E93" box="[643,877,896,918]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Ocrepeira darlingtoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; inset showing coxa IV macrosetae. B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD2127FC1AD6E42EB6" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacaza">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD2127FC1AD6E42EB6" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Wagneriana jacaza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; inset showing trochanter IV macrosetae. Scale bars: 200 μm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE39FFFD24A6FA99D6D62833" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" startId="53.[145,226,1283,1305]" targetBox="[304,1265,988,1243]" targetPageId="53" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE39FFFD24A6FA99D6D62833" blockId="53.[145,1425,1283,1334]" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD24A6FA99D73B281D" bold="true" box="[145,267,1283,1305]" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Figure 37.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD2520FA99D7DE281C" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[279,494,1283,1305]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maseta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD2520FA99D7DE281C" box="[279,494,1283,1305]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Wagneriana maseta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Femur II, ventral surface, female. Arrow indicates prolateral macrosetae. Scale bar: 200 μm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE39FFFD24A6FAE7D20628B7" blockId="53.[145,762,1405,1887]" lastBlockId="53.[809,1424,1405,1458]" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD24A6FAE7D77E2897" box="[145,334,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD2554FAE4D4622896" box="[355,594,1405,1427]" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD2554FAE4D7C62896" box="[355,502,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Popperaneus</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are nocturnal spiders found in the Atlantic Forest.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD2668FA06D6C528D5" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Camargo" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD2668FA06D6C528D5" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Popperaneus gavensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
builds its vertical web at different heights above ground level, from ~
|
||||
<quantity id="F07942E7BE39FFFD25F6FA43D7C728EB" box="[449,503,1497,1519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<quantity id="F07942E7BE39FFFD262BFA43D46B28EB" box="[540,603,1497,1519]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||||
in vegetation associated with ravines. The web has an open hub, with relatively few radii and sticky spirals (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE39FFFD26A0F98CD4DB2B29" box="[663,747,1558,1580]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[163,243,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[164,1441,196,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-119@14.[163,1443,195,1549]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. A–C, web and habitus of Popperaneus gavensis from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A, web. B, C, habitus in vivo. D, collecting site of Popperaneus iguape in Parque Estadual Intervales, São Paulo, Brazil; arrow indicates web localization. Photographs: Jimmy Cabra-García." pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The spider rests at the centre of the web, hanging upside down. If the spider is disturbed, it moves quickly towards an attachment point, usually twigs or leaf petioles, where it remains immobile with its legs pressed to its body. There is no retreat.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD2652F92AD6C32BE1" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Camargo" baseAuthorityYear="1950" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD2652F92AD6C32BE1" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Popperaneus gavensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD2518F955D7A72BE1" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[303,407,1743,1764]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iguape">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD2518F955D7A72BE1" box="[303,407,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">P. iguape</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been reported as prey of several hunting-wasp species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD264DF977D4C82A07" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[634,760,1773,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Trypoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD264DF977D4C82A07" box="[634,760,1773,1794]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Trypoxylon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD24AFF896D7082A24" box="[152,312,1804,1825]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD2577F896D7FF2A27" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[320,463,1804,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crabronidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE39FFFD25D4F896D7212A45" author="Gonzaga MO & Vasconcellos-Neto J" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" pagination="2913 - 2933" refId="ref46360" refString="Gonzaga MO, Vasconcellos-Neto J. 2005. Orb-web spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae; Orbiculariae) captured by hunting-wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History 39: 2913-2933." type="journal article" year="2005">Gonzaga & Vasconcellos-Neto, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE39FFFD2516F8B0D4052A45" author="Buschini MLT & Wolff LL" box="[289,565,1834,1856]" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" pagination="907 - 917" refId="ref44728" refString="Buschini MLT, Wolff LL. 2006. Notes on the biology of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) opacum Brethes (Hymenoptera; Crabronidae) in southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 66: 907-917." type="journal article" year="2006">Buschini & Wolff, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Buschini
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD2681F8B1D4C22A3A" box="[694,754,1834,1856]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2006, 2008, 2010a). A male specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE39FFFD267AF8D0D4F72A5A" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Camargo" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[589,711,1866,1887]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE39FFFD267AF8D0D4F72A5A" box="[589,711,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">P. gavensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected in a female web frame in Parque Nacional do Itatiaia,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="F54521E0BE39FFFD27BCFA06D20228B7" box="[907,1074,1436,1458]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="53" pageNumber="1029">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
273
data/BF/28/5E/BF285E14BE83FF5E2719F941D2B72A14.xml
Normal file
273
data/BF/28/5E/BF285E14BE83FF5E2719F941D2B72A14.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="5586898B0ED9F3D9A8F4947CC332BA23">Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE83FF472719F941D2122BF7" bold="true" box="[814,1058,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119">
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</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE83FF472005F941D2C32BF1" author="Schenkel E" box="[1074,1267,1755,1780]" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref53299" refString="Schenkel E. 1953. Bericht uber einige Spinnentiere aus Venezuela. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 64: 1-57." type="journal article" year="1953">
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<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE83FF472005F941D29D2BF6" baselines="1774,1774" box="[1074,1197,1755,1780]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Schenkel" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119">SCHENKEL</smallCapsWord>
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, 1953
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
|
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE83FF472135F945D3BC2BF1" bold="true" box="[1282,1420,1756,1780]" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119">
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.
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<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE83FF472163F945D3B52BF7" baselines="1773" box="[1364,1413,1759,1778]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119">NOV</smallCapsWord>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="373EEF02BE83FF5B271EF89FD7032BC7" blockId="143.[809,1425,1796,1910]" lastBlockId="147.[145,761,1678,1730]" lastPageId="147" lastPageNumber="1123" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119">
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<treatmentCitation id="B620C913BE83FF47271EF89FD33C2A1C" author="Schenkel E" box="[809,1292,1796,1818]" page="24" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119" year="1953">
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<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE83FF47271EF89FD33C2A1C" ID-CoL="5BSW7" authority="Schenkel, 1953: 24" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1953" box="[809,1292,1796,1818]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turrigera">
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE83FF47271EF89FD2172A1F" box="[809,1063,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119">Wagneriana turrigera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE83FF472007F89ED33C2A1C" author="Schenkel E" box="[1072,1292,1796,1818]" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref53299" refString="Schenkel E. 1953. Bericht uber einige Spinnentiere aus Venezuela. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 64: 1-57." type="journal article" year="1953">Schenkel, 1953: 24</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 22a, b (female
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE83FF4727BCF8B9D5C12A3C" box="[907,1009,1827,1849]" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||||
from El Pozon,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="F54521E0BE83FF472084F8B9D3332A3C" box="[1203,1283,1827,1849]" country="Venezuela" name="Falcon" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119">Falcon</collectingRegion>
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||||
,
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||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE83FF472127F8B9D3BC2A3C" box="[1296,1420,1827,1849]" name="Venezuela" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, [
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<geoCoordinate id="52B589C5BE83FF472707F8DBD54F2A52" box="[816,895,1856,1879]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119" precision="925" value="12.1">12°6′N</geoCoordinate>
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, 59°69′W], elevation [
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||||
<quantity id="F07942E7BE83FF472045F8DBD29E2A52" box="[1138,1198,1857,1879]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="143" pageNumber="1119" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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], deposited in NMB, examined through photographs of the habitus and genitalia);
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="B620C913BE9FFF5B253AF914D7872BA6" author="Levi HW" box="[269,439,1678,1700]" page="413" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE9FFF5B253AF914D7872BA6" author="Levi HW" box="[269,439,1678,1700]" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" pagination="363 - 415" refId="ref50019" refString="Levi HW. 1991. The Neotropical orb-weaver genera Edricus and Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 363-415." type="journal article" year="1991">Levi 1991: 413</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, figs 200–204;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE9FFF5B2656F914D71C2BC7" author="World Spider Catalog" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" refId="ref55211" refString="World Spider Catalog. 2019. World spider catalog, version 20.0. Bern: National History Museum Bern. Available at: http://wsc.nmbe.ch" type="url" year="2019">World Spider Catalog, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE9CFF582494F910D6D32A13" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120" startId="144.[163,242,1674,1696]" targetBox="[329,1279,195,1634]" targetPageId="144" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9CFF582494F910D6D32A13" blockId="144.[163,1444,1674,1814]" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120">
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||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9CFF582494F910D7162B9A" bold="true" box="[163,294,1674,1696]" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120">Figure 128.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9CFF58255EF910D4022BA5" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[361,562,1674,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juquia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9CFF58255EF910D4022BA5" box="[361,562,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120">Wagneriana juquia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, epigynum, posterior, arrow to median ridge. B, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9CFF5824EBF932D7E92BBB" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[220,473,1704,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauricornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9CFF5824EBF932D7E92BBB" box="[220,473,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120">Wagneriana tauricornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, lateral. E, F,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9CFF5820AFF932D3282BBB" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[1176,1304,1704,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9CFF5820AFF932D3282BBB" box="[1176,1304,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120">Wagneriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EC68E6BBE9CFF582117F932D35D2BBB" box="[1312,1389,1704,1726]" pageId="144" pageNumber="1120" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
2. E, epigynum, posterior; arrow indicates plug. F, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE9DFF5924A6F911D7DC2A13" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121" startId="145.[145,225,1675,1697]" targetBox="[325,1245,195,1632]" targetPageId="145" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9DFF5924A6F911D7DC2A13" blockId="145.[145,1425,1675,1814]" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121">
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE9DFF5924A6F911D7262BA5" bold="true" box="[145,278,1675,1697]" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121">Figure 129.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9DFF59256CF911D7EC2BA4" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[347,476,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9DFF59256CF911D7EC2BA4" box="[347,476,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121">Wagneriana</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EC68E6BBE9DFF5925D4F911D4012BA4" box="[483,561,1675,1697]" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
4. A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9DFF592127F911D6D42BBB" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yacuma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9DFF592127F911D6D42BBB" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121">Wagneriana yacuma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, F,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9DFF592784F932D2BB2BBB" box="[947,1163,1704,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pakitsa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9DFF592784F932D2BB2BBB" box="[947,1163,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="1121">Wagneriana pakitsa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. E, epigynum, posterior. F, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD basal enlargement, with asterisk on CD projection. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE9EFF5A2494F911D4622A13" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122" startId="146.[163,241,1675,1697]" targetBox="[374,1232,195,1635]" targetPageId="146" targetType="figure">
|
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<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9EFF5A2494F911D4622A13" blockId="146.[163,1444,1675,1814]" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9EFF5A2494F911D7142BA5" bold="true" box="[163,292,1675,1697]" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122">Figure 130.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9EFF5A2552F911D42F2BA4" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[357,543,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9EFF5A2552F911D42F2BA4" box="[357,543,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122">Wagneriana alma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9EFF5A20FCF911D3AD2BA4" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[1227,1437,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neblina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9EFF5A20FCF911D3AD2BA4" box="[1227,1437,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122">Wagneriana neblina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior; arrow indicates lateral bulge. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD projection. E, F,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9EFF5A24EDF95CD78F2BDE" authorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1904" box="[218,447,1734,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9EFF5A24EDF95CD78F2BDE" box="[218,447,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="146" pageNumber="1122">Wagneriana carinata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. E, epigynum, posterior. F, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD projection. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE9FFF5B24A6FA69D7DC2B67" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" startId="147.[145,226,1523,1545]" targetBox="[225,1345,195,1484]" targetPageId="147" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9FFF5B24A6FA69D7DC2B67" blockId="147.[145,1426,1523,1634]" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9FFF5B24A6FA69D7282B0D" bold="true" box="[145,280,1523,1545]" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">Figure 131.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9FFF5B2569FA6ED4082B0F" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[350,568,1524,1546]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huanca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9FFF5B2569FA6ED4082B0F" box="[350,568,1524,1546]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">Wagneriana huanca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9FFF5B2138FA6ED7542B22" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undecimtuberculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9FFF5B2138FA6ED7542B22" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">Wagneriana undecimtuberculata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior; arrow indicates basal bulge. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9FFF5B24A6F971D5902BE4" blockId="147.[145,761,1771,1885]" lastBlockId="147.[809,1425,1678,1884]" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9FFF5B24A6F971D4C82A04" box="[145,760,1771,1793]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">
|
||||
Justification for the transfer:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9FFF5B25C1F976D4C82A04" ID-CoL="5BSW7" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1953" box="[502,760,1772,1793]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turrigera">Wagneriana turrigera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="87E9E55FBE9FFF5B24A6F890D5AD2BE4" country="Colombia" location="We" municipality="The" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
was not included in our phylogenetic analysis, because we gained access to images of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE9FFF5B2629F8B2D4B02A3B" box="[542,640,1832,1854]" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
only after completion of the analytical stage.
|
||||
<location id="325EB9D9BE9FFF5B2604F8D2D4672A58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF285E14BE83FF5E2719F941D2B72A14:325EB9D9BE9FFF5B2604F8D2D4672A58" box="[563,599,1864,1885]" country="Colombia" municipality="The" name="We" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">We</location>
|
||||
attempted to collect specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9FFF5B2023F914D2AC2BA6" ID-CoL="5BSW7" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1953" box="[1044,1180,1678,1699]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turrigera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9FFF5B2023F914D2AC2BA6" box="[1044,1180,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">A. turrigera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE9FFF5B20F5F914D31F2BA1" box="[1218,1327,1678,1700]" name="Colombia" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
without success.
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="D75A7578BE9FFF5B27A0F936D5F62BC7" box="[919,966,1708,1730]" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
type locality in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE9FFF5B2096F936D3112BC7" box="[1185,1313,1708,1730]" name="Venezuela" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||||
was not accessible
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F9BBC89BE9FFF5E2776F970D2B72A14" lastPageId="150" lastPageNumber="1126" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9FFF5E2776F970D72C2BF4" blockId="147.[809,1425,1678,1884]" lastBlockId="150.[163,779,1602,1777]" lastPageId="150" lastPageNumber="1126" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE9FFF5B274BF970D5D72A05" box="[892,999,1770,1792]" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9FFF5B2023F970D29F2BFA" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1953" box="[1044,1199,1770,1791]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turrigera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9FFF5B2023F970D29F2BFA" box="[1044,1199,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">W. turrigera</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reveals that this specimen does not present any of the diagnostic characters of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9FFF5B207AF8B2D2ED2A38" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[1101,1245,1832,1853]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9FFF5B207AF8B2D2ED2A38" box="[1101,1245,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="147" pageNumber="1123">Wagneriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but instead it has a combination of characters typical of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9AFF5E2494F9D8D7322B52" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1990" box="[163,258,1602,1623]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9AFF5E2494F9D8D7322B52" box="[163,258,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">Alpaida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, such as the small scape, a yellow carapace with black rings around the eyes, and setae type III in the cephalic area. The placement of this species in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9AFF5E24F5F904D7102BB6" authorityName="Coddington" authorityYear="1990" box="[194,288,1694,1715]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9AFF5E24F5F904D7102BB6" box="[194,288,1694,1715]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">Alpaida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should be tested further with the scoring of morphological characters from the still unknown male palp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE98FF5C2494F911D2372A12" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124" startId="148.[163,245,1675,1697]" targetBox="[316,1290,195,1636]" targetPageId="148" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE98FF5C2494F911D2372A12" blockId="148.[163,1443,1675,1815]" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE98FF5C2494F911D71D2BA5" bold="true" box="[163,301,1675,1697]" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124">Figure 132.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE98FF5C2541F916D4602BA4" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[374,592,1676,1698]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maseta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE98FF5C2541F916D4602BA4" box="[374,592,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124">Wagneriana maseta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, epigynum, posterior; arrow indicates lateral bulge. B, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD projection. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE98FF5C26F4F933D54A2BBA" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[707,890,1705,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taim">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE98FF5C26F4F933D54A2BBA" box="[707,890,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124">Wagneriana taim</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD projection. E, F,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE98FF5C2644F95DD5582BD9" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[627,872,1735,1756]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transitoria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE98FF5C2644F95DD5582BD9" box="[627,872,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="1124">Wagneriana transitoria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. E, epigynum, posterior; arrow indicates depression. F, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD projection. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE99FF5D24A6F910D6C52A13" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125" startId="149.[145,226,1674,1696]" targetBox="[264,1305,195,1634]" targetPageId="149" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE99FF5D24A6F910D6C52A13" blockId="149.[145,1426,1674,1814]" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE99FF5D24A6F910D7282B9A" bold="true" box="[145,280,1674,1696]" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125">Figure 133.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE99FF5D2568F910D7D12BA5" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" box="[351,481,1674,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE99FF5D2568F910D7D12BA5" box="[351,481,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125">Wagneriana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EC68E6BBE99FF5D25DEF910D4082BA5" box="[489,568,1674,1696]" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
3. A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD projection. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE99FF5D255EF932D4042BBB" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[361,564,1704,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacaza">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE99FF5D255EF932D4042BBB" box="[361,564,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125">Wagneriana jacaza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD projection. E, F,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE99FF5D250DF95CD7CF2BDF" baseAuthorityName="Taczanowski" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[314,511,1733,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jelskii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE99FF5D250DF95CD7CF2BDF" box="[314,511,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="1125">Wagneriana jelskii</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. E. Epigynum. F. Spermathecae and ducts, ventral, arrow to CD projection. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE9AFF5E2494FAE6D7D028EE" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126" startId="150.[163,241,1404,1426]" targetBox="[163,1443,195,1365]" targetPageId="150" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9AFF5E2494FAE6D7D028EE" blockId="150.[163,1444,1404,1515]" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9AFF5E2494FAE6D7152894" bold="true" box="[163,293,1404,1426]" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">Figure 134.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9AFF5E2507FAE7D4222896" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="LEVI" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[304,530,1405,1427]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carimagua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9AFF5E2507FAE7D4222896" box="[304,530,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">Parawixia carimagua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, C, male habitus (holotype). A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral. D, E, left palp (holotype). D, mesal. E, same, with TA lifted to expose the PM stalk; arrow indicates long membrane. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C); 100 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; TA, terminal apophysis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9AFF5E2494F880D2E02BD7" blockId="150.[163,779,1818,1870]" lastBlockId="150.[827,1443,1602,1746]" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9AFF5E2494F880D7C72A2A" box="[163,503,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">
|
||||
Diagnosis:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9AFF5E251AF880D7C72A2A" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="SCHENKEL" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[301,503,1818,1839]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turrigera">Alpaida turrigera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
resembles
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE9AFF5E264FF880D53B2A2A" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1988" box="[632,779,1818,1839]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octolobata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9AFF5E264FF880D53B2A2A" box="[632,779,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">A. octolobata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the presence of abdominal tubercles disposed in three lateral pairs, one anteromedian and one posteromedian and the weakly sclerotized epigynum. It can be distinguished from the latter species by the greater size of the anteromedian tubercle and the shape of the median epigynal plate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE9AFF5E270CF966D2B72A14" blockId="150.[827,1159,1787,1809]" box="[827,1159,1787,1809]" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE9AFF5E270CF966D2392A15" box="[827,1033,1787,1809]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="1126">Description: Male</emphasis>
|
||||
: unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
370
data/BF/28/5E/BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6.xml
Normal file
370
data/BF/28/5E/BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
|
|||
<document id="3777EA7F8E51897959AAE2E0F377A193" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="B2AD456-DA01-4DFC-B7AC-1C76E5138BCB" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1739351837734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cabra-García, Jimmy & Hormiga, Gustavo" docDate="2020" docId="BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6" docLanguage="en" docName="zlz088.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Parawixia carimagua Cabra-García & Hormiga 2020, COMB. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1117" masterDocId="4311266CBE0CFFC82437FF9AD6302D05" masterDocTitle="Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1151" masterPageNumber="976" pageNumber="1107" updateTime="1739354235428" updateUser="GgImagineBatch">
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<mods:mods id="7C7C217F2F5EF336FE0267BD96502457" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8A3FA75CFE5E6AF97B46AF8130DA66D8">
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<mods:title id="5C6CBDD5FE96AF0B404B5A98480AC020">Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="E389BCCE3D0AF22813A44EF712C41C79" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="00E17B8A231B879437F2FCC55BE80064">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2270BBB2B0000B4977D430A8CCA6DD9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="CAE4F25B2D507140DC27120B1AED8461">Cabra-García, Jimmy</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="08F6519F9BE7F738BA7F961594D2CF77" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B04A1CFD6AB3638EBFFFD2A6CB334F0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="C9EBEF13A70249A545299ED07ADBCB43">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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||||
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|
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|
||||
<mods:date id="4D236649F21417C3F1902126B8031ACC">2020</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="CFA3703C3D57969083E460C57791B981" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="8527E406206CA136E25FB61445182833">188</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="BD40A3833DA1A29DD7A2840F2E183C8F" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="FBF11F762E04ABB208D31EA15483E51B">976</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="9D5BDC03496AC82DA81B34FA0AEA33EA">1151</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="C01BA9515517CD9E3618FFFC5A572ABC">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="2D9F16DA2A69E419F41F617D7ED3EAEB" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D7053623781EDFF63C81531ECCBD07E6" type="ZooBank">B2AD456-DA01-4DFC-B7AC-1C76E5138BCB</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6" lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="1117" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F9BBC89BE8FFF4B2776F98AD3492B2D" box="[833,1401,1552,1577]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE8FFF4B2776F98AD3492B2D" blockId="131.[833,1401,1552,1577]" box="[833,1401,1552,1577]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<heading id="6C76586EBE8FFF4B2776F98AD3492B2D" box="[833,1401,1552,1577]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B2776F98AD2D72B2C" ID-CoL="999W9" authority="(LEVI, 1991)" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="LEVI" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[833,1255,1552,1577]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carimagua" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B2776F98AD2632B23" bold="true" box="[833,1107,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE8FFF4B2776F98AD5F32B23" baselines="1569,1569" box="[833,963,1552,1575]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Parawixia" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">PARAWIXIA</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE8FFF4B27FDF989D2632B23" baselines="1569" box="[970,1107,1555,1574]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="carimagua" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">CARIMAGUA</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B2054F98AD2D02B2C" author="Levi HW" box="[1123,1248,1552,1577]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" pagination="363 - 415" refId="ref50019" refString="Levi HW. 1991. The Neotropical orb-weaver genera Edricus and Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 363-415." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE8FFF4B2054F98AD2AA2B22" baselines="1571,1570" box="[1123,1178,1552,1577]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Levi" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">LEVI</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 1991
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B20D9F989D3492B2D" bold="true" box="[1262,1401,1552,1576]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EC68E6BBE8FFF4B20D9F989D3492B2D" box="[1262,1401,1552,1576]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" rank="species">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE8FFF4B20D9F989D3022B23" baselines="1569" box="[1262,1330,1555,1574]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="comb" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">COMB</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE8FFF4B2176F989D3422B23" baselines="1569" box="[1345,1394,1555,1574]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">NOV</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F9BBC89BE8FFF4B2013F9ACD2A52B4A" box="[1060,1173,1590,1615]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE8FFF4B2013F9ACD2A52B4A" blockId="131.[1060,1173,1590,1615]" box="[1060,1173,1590,1615]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE8FFF4B201AF9ACD2BD2B4A" box="[1069,1165,1590,1615]" captionStart="Figure 134" captionStartId="150.[163,241,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-133@150.[163,1443,195,1365]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="Figure 134. Parawixia carimagua. A, C, male habitus (holotype). A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral. D, E, left palp (holotype). D, mesal. E, same, with TA lifted to expose the PM stalk; arrow indicates long membrane. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C); 100 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; TA, terminal apophysis." pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE8FFF4B201AF9ACD2652B4B" baselines="1609,1609" box="[1069,1109,1590,1615]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
. 134
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F9BBC89BE8FFF44271EF9FAD53C2BBE" lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="1116" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE8FFF4B271EF9FAD5FB2BEA" blockId="131.[809,1425,1631,1898]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1791C82CBE8FFF4B271EF9FAD5FB2BEA" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="B620C913BE8FFF4B271EF9FAD2DB2B71" author="Levi HW" box="[809,1259,1631,1653]" page="393" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" year="1991">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B271EF9FAD2DB2B71" ID-CoL="5BSV2" authority="Levi, 1991: 393" authorityName="Levi" authorityPageNumber="393" authorityYear="1991" box="[809,1259,1631,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carimagua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B271EF9FAD2052B70" box="[809,1077,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Wagneriana carimagua</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B200BF9C5D2DB2B71" author="Levi HW" box="[1084,1259,1631,1653]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" pagination="363 - 415" refId="ref50019" refString="Levi HW. 1991. The Neotropical orb-weaver genera Edricus and Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 363-415." type="journal article" year="1991">Levi, 1991: 393</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, fig. 102 (male
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE8FFF4B271EF9E4D5BD2B91" box="[809,909,1662,1684]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
from Carimagua,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="F54521E0BE8FFF4B205EF9E4D2982B96" box="[1129,1192,1662,1683]" country="Colombia" name="Meta" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Meta</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE8FFF4B2082F9E4D3162B91" box="[1205,1318,1662,1684]" name="Colombia" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, [
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="52B589C5BE8FFF4B210DF9E4D3BE2B96" box="[1338,1422,1660,1683]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" precision="925" value="4.5666666">4°34′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="52B589C5BE8FFF4B271EF907D5BE2BB7" box="[809,910,1691,1714]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" precision="925" value="-71.333336">71°20′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
], elevation
|
||||
<quantity id="F07942E7BE8FFF4B2022F907D26F2BB7" box="[1045,1119,1693,1714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="433FC9C2BE8FFF4B205BF907D28B2BB7" box="[1132,1211,1693,1714]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" value="1973-10">x.1973</date>
|
||||
, W. Eberhard leg., deposited in MCZ 20706, examined);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B20C6F921D5F42BEA" author="World Spider Catalog" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" refId="ref55211" refString="World Spider Catalog. 2019. World spider catalog, version 20.0. Bern: National History Museum Bern. Available at: http://wsc.nmbe.ch" type="url" year="2019">World Spider Catalog, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE8FFF44271EF963D53C2BBE" blockId="131.[809,1425,1631,1898]" lastBlockId="140.[163,780,1670,1723]" lastPageId="140" lastPageNumber="1116" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B271EF963D29F2A08" ID-CoL="4DHWD" authority="Levi, 1992: 20" authorityName="Levi" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1992" box="[809,1199,1784,1806]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porvenir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B271EF963D2352A0B" box="[809,1029,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Parawixia porvenir</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="87E9E55FBE8FFF4B203AF962D29F2A08" box="[1037,1199,1784,1806]" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="W. Eberhard" country="Colombia" elevation="170" latitude="4.35" location="Finca Chenevo" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-71.566666" municipality="Rio Muco" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" specimenCode="MCZ 22725" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Meta" typeStatus="holotype">Levi, 1992: 20</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, figs 54–55,
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B2109F962D56B2A29" bold="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">synon. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
(male
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE8FFF4B279FF88DD2372A28" box="[936,1031,1815,1837]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<location id="325EB9D9BE8FFF4B207EF88DD2C02A28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF285E14BE8FFF452776F98AD3A12BD6:325EB9D9BE8FFF4B207EF88DD2C02A28" box="[1097,1264,1815,1837]" country="Colombia" latitude="4.35" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-71.566666" municipality="Rio Muco" name="Finca Chenevo" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" stateProvince="Meta">Finca Chenevo</location>
|
||||
, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="F07942E7BE8FFF4B2127F88DD3662A28" box="[1296,1366,1815,1837]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||||
N. of
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="D75A7578BE8FFF4B271EF8ACD5AA2A4E" box="[809,922,1846,1867]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Río Muco</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="F07942E7BE8FFF4B279FF8ACD5C22A49" box="[936,1010,1846,1868]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||||
S. of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B200EF8ACD2F12A49" ID-CoL="4DHWD" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1992" box="[1081,1217,1846,1868]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porvenir">El Porvenir</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="F54521E0BE8FFF4B20F8F8ACD33E2A4E" box="[1231,1294,1846,1867]" country="Colombia" name="Meta" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Meta</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE8FFF4B212BF8ACD3BD2A49" box="[1308,1421,1846,1868]" name="Colombia" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, [
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="52B589C5BE8FFF4B2707F8CED5B02A6F" box="[816,896,1875,1898]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" precision="925" value="4.35">4°21′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="52B589C5BE8FFF4B27BBF8CED5C02A6F" box="[908,1008,1875,1898]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" precision="925" value="-71.566666">71°34′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
],
|
||||
<elevation id="BCAC0831BE8FFF4B2034F8CED28E2A6F" box="[1027,1214,1876,1898]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" unit="m" value="170.0">
|
||||
elevation
|
||||
<quantity id="F07942E7BE8FFF4B2043F8CED28E2A6F" box="[1140,1214,1876,1898]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="9A748AD4BE8FFF4B20FEF8CFD36B2A6F" box="[1225,1371,1876,1898]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">W. Eberhard</collectorName>
|
||||
leg., deposited in
|
||||
<specimenCode id="67274779BE80FF44251CF91DD79B2B99" box="[299,427,1670,1692]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" type="Museum">MCZ 22725</specimenCode>
|
||||
, examined through photographs of the habitus and genitalia);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE80FF4425EAF93FD5352BBF" author="World Spider Catalog" box="[477,773,1701,1723]" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" refId="ref55211" refString="World Spider Catalog. 2019. World spider catalog, version 20.0. Bern: National History Museum Bern. Available at: http://wsc.nmbe.ch" type="url" year="2019">World Spider Catalog, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE88FF4C2494F911D2492BFC" pageId="132" pageNumber="1108" startId="132.[163,241,1675,1697]" targetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" targetPageId="132" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE88FF4C2494F911D2492BFC" blockId="132.[163,1443,1675,1785]" pageId="132" pageNumber="1108">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE88FF4C2494F911D7152BA5" bold="true" box="[163,293,1675,1697]" pageId="132" pageNumber="1108">Figure 116.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE88FF4C2507F911D7ED2BA4" baseAuthorityName="Keyserling" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[304,477,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="132" pageNumber="1108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE88FF4C2507F911D7ED2BA4" box="[304,477,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="1108">Alpaida delicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, E, spermathecae and ducts. D, ventral; arrows indicates pore aggregations. E, lateral. F, detail of spermathecae, anterior; arrows indicates pore aggregations. G, detail of copulatory duct, lateral. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–E); 10 μm (F, G). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE89FF4D24A6F911D5122BFC" pageId="133" pageNumber="1109" startId="133.[145,224,1675,1697]" targetBox="[276,1294,195,1635]" targetPageId="133" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE89FF4D24A6F911D5122BFC" blockId="133.[145,1425,1675,1785]" pageId="133" pageNumber="1109">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE89FF4D24A6F911D7242BA5" bold="true" box="[145,276,1675,1697]" pageId="133" pageNumber="1109">Figure 117.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE89FF4D2528F911D41F2BA4" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[287,559,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="133" pageNumber="1109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemmammata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE89FF4D2528F911D41F2BA4" box="[287,559,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="1109">Alpaida septemmammata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral. B, posterior. C, lateral. D–G, spermathecae and ducts. D, ventral. E, detail of copulatory duct, ventral. F, posterior. G, detail of spermathecae; arrows indicates pore aggregations. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D, F); 20 μm (E, G). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE8AFF4E2494F911D2FF2BD9" pageId="134" pageNumber="1110" startId="134.[163,243,1675,1697]" targetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" targetPageId="134" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE8AFF4E2494F911D2FF2BD9" blockId="134.[163,1443,1675,1756]" pageId="134" pageNumber="1110">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8AFF4E2494F911D7172BA5" bold="true" box="[163,295,1675,1697]" pageId="134" pageNumber="1110">Figure 118.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8AFF4E2504F916D4372BA4" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[307,519,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="134" pageNumber="1110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iguape">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8AFF4E2504F916D4372BA4" box="[307,519,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="1110">Popperaneus iguape</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral; arrow indicates epigynal pocket. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, detail of copulatory duct. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D); 20 μm (E, F). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE8BFF4F24A6F910D6E12BFD" pageId="135" pageNumber="1111" startId="135.[145,224,1674,1696]" targetBox="[200,1370,195,1634]" targetPageId="135" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE8BFF4F24A6F910D6E12BFD" blockId="135.[145,1425,1674,1784]" pageId="135" pageNumber="1111">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8BFF4F24A6F910D7252B9A" bold="true" box="[145,277,1674,1696]" pageId="135" pageNumber="1111">Figure 119.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8BFF4F2517F911D7C22BA5" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[288,498,1674,1696]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Popperaneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="135" pageNumber="1111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iguape">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8BFF4F2517F911D7C22BA5" box="[288,498,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="135" pageNumber="1111">Popperaneus iguape</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, detail of spermathecae. F, spermathecae and ducts, lateral. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D, F); 20 μm (E). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE84FF402494F911D7CE2BFC" pageId="136" pageNumber="1112" startId="136.[163,241,1675,1697]" targetBox="[294,1312,195,1635]" targetPageId="136" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE84FF402494F911D7CE2BFC" blockId="136.[163,1443,1675,1785]" pageId="136" pageNumber="1112">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE84FF402494F911D7142BA5" bold="true" box="[163,292,1675,1697]" pageId="136" pageNumber="1112">Figure 120.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE84FF402518F916D4752BA4" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1943" box="[303,581,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Paraverrucosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="136" pageNumber="1112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eupalaestra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE84FF402518F916D4752BA4" box="[303,581,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="1112">Paraverrucosa eupalaestra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A–C, epigynum. A, ventral. B, posterior. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and copulatory duct, ventral, marked inset in F. E, detail of copulatory duct basal portion, ventral. F, detail of spermathecae, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–D); 20 μm (E, F). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE85FF4124A6F911D2EC2BFC" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113" startId="137.[145,225,1675,1697]" targetBox="[343,1226,195,1635]" targetPageId="137" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE85FF4124A6F911D2EC2BFC" blockId="137.[145,1426,1675,1785]" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE85FF4124A6F911D7272BA5" bold="true" box="[145,279,1675,1697]" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113">Figure 121.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE85FF41256BF916D4A12BA4" box="[348,657,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE85FF41256BF916D4BD2BA4" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[348,653,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Paraverrucosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteracantha">Paraverrucosa heteracantha</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and copulatory ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE85FF4124FAF933D7E12BBB" box="[205,465,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE85FF4124FAF933D7FD2BBB" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1939" box="[205,461,1704,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Paraverrucosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglecta">Paraverrucosa neglecta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, F,
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE85FF412091F933D3A22BBB" box="[1190,1426,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE85FF412091F933D3BE2BBB" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1190,1422,1705,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Paraverrucosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="137" pageNumber="1113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uzaga">Paraverrucosa uzaga</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
E, epigynum, posterior. F, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE86FF422494F911D37F2BFF" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114" startId="138.[163,244,1675,1697]" targetBox="[317,1290,195,1636]" targetPageId="138" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE86FF422494F911D37F2BFF" blockId="138.[163,1443,1675,1786]" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE86FF422494F911D71B2BA5" bold="true" box="[163,299,1675,1697]" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114">Figure 122.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE86FF422543F916D47D2BA7" baseAuthorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[372,589,1676,1698]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spicata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE86FF422543F916D47D2BA7" box="[372,589,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114">Wagneriana spicata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and copulatory ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE86FF422494F933D7432BBA" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[163,371,1705,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taboga">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE86FF422494F933D7432BBA" box="[163,371,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114">Wagneriana taboga</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, F,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE86FF422076F933D3392BBA" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[1089,1289,1705,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atuna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE86FF422076F933D3392BBA" box="[1089,1289,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="1114">Wagneriana atuna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. E, epigynum, posterior. F, spermathecae and ducts, ventral, Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, E, F); 20 μm (C, D). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE87FF4324A6F911D2572BFC" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115" startId="139.[145,225,1675,1697]" targetBox="[276,1294,195,1634]" targetPageId="139" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE87FF4324A6F911D2572BFC" blockId="139.[145,1426,1675,1785]" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE87FF4324A6F911D7272BA5" bold="true" box="[145,279,1675,1697]" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115">Figure 123.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE87FF43256AF911D47C2BA4" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[349,588,1675,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madrejon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE87FF43256AF911D47C2BA4" box="[349,588,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115">Wagneriana madrejon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and copulatory ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE87FF4324A6F932D7B52BBB" box="[145,389,1704,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallenuevo">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE87FF4324A6F932D7B52BBB" box="[145,389,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115">Wagneriana vallenuevo</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. E, F,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE87FF43200AF932D2CB2BBB" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[1085,1275,1704,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegas">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE87FF43200AF932D2CB2BBB" box="[1085,1275,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="139" pageNumber="1115">Wagneriana vegas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. E, epigynum, posterior. F, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE80FF442494FA76D3252B5F" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" startId="140.[163,241,1516,1538]" targetBox="[163,1443,195,1472]" targetPageId="140" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE80FF442494FA76D3252B5F" blockId="140.[163,1443,1516,1626]" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF442494FA76D7152B04" bold="true" box="[163,293,1516,1538]" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Figure 124.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE80FF442553FA76D4492B07" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[356,633,1516,1538]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimastophora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF442553FA76D4492B07" box="[356,633,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Wagneriana dimastophora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE80FF442113FA76D6DB2B25" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cobella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF442113FA76D6DB2B25" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Wagneriana cobella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral; arrow indicates CD basal enlargement. E, F,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE80FF442113F990D6C12B38" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lechuza">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF442113F990D6C12B38" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Wagneriana lechuza</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. E, epigynum, posterior. F, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F9BBC89BE80FF452494F97BD2132B92" lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="1117" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE80FF442494F97BD36B2BFC" blockId="140.[163,780,1761,1875]" lastBlockId="140.[827,1444,1671,1785]" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF442494F97BD42F2BF3" box="[163,543,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Justification for the transfer:</emphasis>
|
||||
Our phylogenetic analysis places
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE80FF44256AF89BD7CE2A13" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[349,510,1793,1814]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carimagua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF44256AF89BD7CE2A13" box="[349,510,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">W. carimagua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE80FF442611F89BD4AE2A13" authorityName="F. O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1904" box="[550,670,1793,1814]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF442611F89BD4AE2A13" box="[550,670,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Parawixia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE80FF442699F89AD5342A13" box="[686,772,1792,1814]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="29.[145,226,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[148,757,198,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-382@29.[145,760,195,1615]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 15. Strict consensus of eight most parsimonious trees (14 175 steps) from complete total evidence analysis [tree alignment plus parsimony (TA+PA) approach]. Numbers above and below branches are Goodman–Bremer values excluding and including species exclusively coded for morphology. Squares at nodes indicate symmetric resampling GC values excluding (upper) and including" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Figs 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE80FF442494F885D68F2A31" box="[163,191,1823,1844]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="35.[142,227,1690,1712]" captionTargetBox="[212,694,197,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-422@35.[211,694,195,1650]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 17. Optimal tree alignment plus parsimony (TA+PA) hypothesis. Tree shows proportional branch lengths (from one of the most parsimonious trees), unsupported nodes collapsed, and selected nodes labelled with unambiguously optimized phenotypic synapomorphies (black square = unique, non-homoplastic; red square = unique, homoplastic; blue square = non-unique," pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">17</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE80FF4424E2F885D7E12A31" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="LEVI" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[213,465,1823,1844]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carimagua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF4424E2F885D7E12A31" box="[213,465,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Parawixia carimagua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has pale, rounded patches in the sternum (character 12;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE80FF442622F8A7D4B92A57" box="[533,649,1853,1875]" captionStart="Figure 134" captionStartId="150.[163,241,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-133@150.[163,1443,195,1365]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="Figure 134. Parawixia carimagua. A, C, male habitus (holotype). A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral. D, E, left palp (holotype). D, mesal. E, same, with TA lifted to expose the PM stalk; arrow indicates long membrane. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C); 100 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; TA, terminal apophysis." pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Fig. 134B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), terminal apophysis articulated with the radix (character 111) and a long membrane between the paramedian apophysis and the conductor bases (character 97;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE80FF44214FF95ED5462BFD" captionStart="Figure 134" captionStartId="150.[163,241,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-133@150.[163,1443,195,1365]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="Figure 134. Parawixia carimagua. A, C, male habitus (holotype). A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral. D, E, left palp (holotype). D, mesal. E, same, with TA lifted to expose the PM stalk; arrow indicates long membrane. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C); 100 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; TA, terminal apophysis." pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Fig. 134E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), as is the case in other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE80FF4420BEF979D36B2BFC" box="[1161,1371,1763,1785]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF4420BEF979D2CD2BFD" box="[1161,1277,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Parawixia</emphasis>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE80FF45270CF8BBD76B2BB0" blockId="140.[827,1443,1825,1878]" lastBlockId="141.[145,761,1634,1717]" lastPageId="141" lastPageNumber="1117" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF44270CF8BBD2452A32" box="[827,1141,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">Justification for synonymy:</emphasis>
|
||||
Examination of the male
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE80FF44270CF8DAD5AE2A53" box="[827,926,1856,1878]" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE80FF4427F4F8DBD2712A53" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1992" box="[963,1089,1857,1878]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porvenir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE80FF4427F4F8DBD2712A53" box="[963,1089,1857,1878]" italics="true" pageId="140" pageNumber="1116">P. porvenir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shows that this specimen has the diagnostic C-shaped embolus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE81FF45261CF9F9D4F12B7D" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="LEVI" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[555,705,1635,1656]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carimagua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF45261CF9F9D4F12B7D" box="[555,705,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">P. carimagua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and, as such, it should be considered as a junior synonym of the latter species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="63FEBF8ABE81FF4524A6FA48D2EC2B26" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" startId="141.[145,223,1490,1512]" targetBox="[305,1265,195,1450]" targetPageId="141" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE81FF4524A6FA48D2EC2B26" blockId="141.[145,1425,1490,1571]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF4524A6FA48D72228E2" bold="true" box="[145,274,1490,1512]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Figure 125.</emphasis>
|
||||
A, B,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE81FF452565FA48D43B28ED" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[338,523,1490,1512]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tayos">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF452565FA48D43B28ED" box="[338,523,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Wagneriana tayos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A, epigynum, posterior. B, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. C, D,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE81FF452084FA48D3BB28ED" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[1203,1419,1490,1512]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roraima">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF452084FA48D3BB28ED" box="[1203,1419,1490,1512]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Wagneriana roraima</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. C, epigynum, posterior. D, spermathecae and ducts, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; Co, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, median plate; S, spermathecae; Sc, scape.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE81FF4524A6F955D7042A25" blockId="141.[145,761,1742,1825]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF4524A6F955D43D2BE1" box="[145,525,1743,1764]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
Diagnosis:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE81FF45252EF955D43D2BE1" authorityName="Cabra-García & Hormiga" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="LEVI" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[281,525,1743,1764]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Parawixia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carimagua">Parawixia carimagua</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
can be differentiated from all other species by having a C-shaped embolus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE81FF4524AEF891D7152A24" box="[153,293,1803,1825]" captionStart="Figure 134" captionStartId="150.[163,241,1404,1426]" captionTargetBox="[163,1443,195,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-133@150.[163,1443,195,1365]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="Figure 134. Parawixia carimagua. A, C, male habitus (holotype). A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral. D, E, left palp (holotype). D, mesal. E, same, with TA lifted to expose the PM stalk; arrow indicates long membrane. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C); 100 μm (D, E). Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; TA, terminal apophysis." pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Fig. 134D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE81FF4524A6F8A1D42E2A4A" blockId="141.[145,542,1850,1903]" box="[145,542,1850,1872]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF4524A6F8A1D7552A4A" box="[145,357,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Description: Male:</emphasis>
|
||||
see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE81FF4525A0F8A0D4272A4A" author="Levi HW" box="[407,535,1850,1872]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" pagination="363 - 415" refId="ref50019" refString="Levi HW. 1991. The Neotropical orb-weaver genera Edricus and Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 363-415." type="journal article" year="1991">Levi (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE81FF4524A6F8C3D7522A6A" blockId="141.[145,542,1850,1903]" box="[145,354,1881,1903]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF4524A6F8C3D6D92A6B" box="[145,233,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Female:</emphasis>
|
||||
unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE81FF45271EF9F8D2132B92" blockId="141.[809,1425,1634,1687]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF45271EF9F8D5F22B72" box="[809,962,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||||
Known only from two localities in the
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="F54521E0BE81FF45271EF91BD5952B93" box="[809,933,1665,1686]" country="Colombia" name="Meta" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Meta state</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE81FF452787F91BD22F2B92" box="[944,1055,1665,1687]" name="Colombia" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F9BBC89BE81FF45271EF921D3A12BD6" box="[809,1425,1723,1748]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE81FF45271EF921D3A12BD6" blockId="141.[809,1425,1723,1778]" box="[809,1425,1723,1748]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE81FF45271EF921D3A12BD6" ID-CoL="99B5J" authority="(MELLO-LEITAO, 1944) COMB." authorityName="COMB." authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="MELLO-LEITAO" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[809,1425,1723,1748]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uropygialis" status="COMB.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF45271EF921D2042BD4" bold="true" box="[809,1076,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE81FF45271EF921D5A02BD4" baselines="1741,1740" box="[809,912,1723,1747]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Alpaida" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">ALPAIDA</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE81FF4527A0F924D2042BD4" baselines="1740" box="[919,1076,1726,1745]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="uropygialis" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">UROPYGIALIS</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE81FF452074F921D3072BD1" author="Mello-Leitao CF de" box="[1091,1335,1723,1748]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117" pagination="311 - 393" refId="ref51380" refString="Mello-Leitao CF de. 1944. Aranas de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Revista del Museo de La Plata (N. S., Zool.) 3: 311-393." type="journal article" year="1944">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE81FF452074F921D2C12BD7" baselines="1742,1741,1742,1742,1741" box="[1091,1265,1723,1748]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Mello-Leitao" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">MELLO-LEITÃO</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 1944
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE81FF452172F924D3A12BD6" bold="true" box="[1349,1425,1723,1747]" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE81FF452172F924D3B92BD4" baselines="1740" box="[1349,1417,1726,1745]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="comb" pageId="141" pageNumber="1117">COMB</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
133
data/BF/28/5E/BF285E14BE8FFF4B2494FA25D2E928FE.xml
Normal file
133
data/BF/28/5E/BF285E14BE8FFF4B2494FA25D2E928FE.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="261DB9DC989A11B0E1FA9F6C770967D8">
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<mods:title id="0BAB55B81380BEA5EE3EDC080EBA409E">Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="46CC3151F0A681AC7BE522E36D903E64">Hormiga, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="BF285E14BE8FFF4B2494FA25D2E928FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF285E14BE8FFF4B2494FA25D2E928FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF285E14BE8FFF4B2494FA25D2E928FE" lastPageNumber="1107" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
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<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B2494FA25D4D628D2" authority="MELLO-LEITAO, 1935" authorityName="MELLO-LEITAO" authorityYear="1935" box="[163,742,1470,1495]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandicornis">
|
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<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B2494FA25D7DC28D3" box="[163,492,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
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|
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<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE8FFF4B2574FA58D7DC28D3" baselines="1489" box="[323,492,1474,1494]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="grandicornis" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">GRANDICORNIS</smallCapsWord>
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B25C4FA24D4D628D2" author="Mello-Leitao CF de" box="[499,742,1470,1495]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" pagination="94 - 98" refId="ref51227" refString="Mello-Leitao CF de. 1935. Three interesting new Brasilian spiders. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 39: 94-98." type="journal article" year="1935">
|
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<smallCapsWord id="31D879DEBE8FFF4B25C4FA24D49128D3" baselines="1489,1489,1489,1489,1489" box="[499,673,1470,1495]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Mello-Leitao" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">MELLO-LEITÃO</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
, 1935
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F9BBC89BE8FFF4B24A6FA72D7E02B72" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="reference_group">
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|
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1791C82CBE8FFF4B24A6FA72D7E02B72" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="B620C913BE8FFF4B24A6FA72D48628F8" author="Mello-Leitao CF de" box="[145,694,1511,1533]" page="96" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" year="1935">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B24A6FA72D48628F8" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1935: 96" authorityName="MELLO-LEITAO" authorityPageNumber="96" authorityYear="1935" box="[145,694,1511,1533]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B24A6FA72D78228F9" box="[145,434,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Wagneriana grandicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B258EFA7DD48628F8" author="Mello-Leitao CF de" box="[441,694,1511,1533]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" pagination="94 - 98" refId="ref51227" refString="Mello-Leitao CF de. 1935. Three interesting new Brasilian spiders. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 39: 94-98." type="journal article" year="1935">Mello-Leitão, 1935: 96</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, fig. 6 (immature
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE8FFF4B252AF99CD7B52B19" box="[285,389,1542,1564]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
from Pesqueira,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="F54521E0BE8FFF4B266BF99CD4C42B19" box="[604,756,1542,1564]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE8FFF4B24A6F9BED6EA2B3F" box="[145,218,1572,1594]" name="Brazil" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, [
|
||||
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,
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|
||||
], R. Ihering leg., deposited in MNRJ 41850, examined);
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="B620C913BE8FFF4B25F6F9D9D45E2B5C" author="Levi HW" box="[449,622,1603,1625]" page="386" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" year="1991">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B25F6F9D9D45E2B5C" author="Levi HW" box="[449,622,1603,1625]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" pagination="363 - 415" refId="ref50019" refString="Levi HW. 1991. The Neotropical orb-weaver genera Edricus and Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 363-415." type="journal article" year="1991">Levi 1991: 386</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, figs 60–66;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B24A6F9F8D7F92B72" author="World Spider Catalog" box="[145,457,1634,1656]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" refId="ref55211" refString="World Spider Catalog. 2019. World spider catalog, version 20.0. Bern: National History Museum Bern. Available at: http://wsc.nmbe.ch" type="url" year="2019">World Spider Catalog, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7F9BBC89BE8FFF4B24A6F93AD2E928FE" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE8FFF4B24A6F93AD2CC2889" blockId="131.[145,761,1696,1902]" lastBlockId="131.[809,1425,1246,1421]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B24A6F93AD6CD2BB0" box="[145,253,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B2525F93AD7A42BB3" author="Levi HW" box="[274,404,1696,1718]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" pagination="363 - 415" refId="ref50019" refString="Levi HW. 1991. The Neotropical orb-weaver genera Edricus and Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 363-415." type="journal article" year="1991">Levi (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
considered the size of the first pair of abdominal tubercles as a diagnostic character for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B248FF944D75F2BF6" authorityName="MELLO-LEITAO" authorityYear="1935" box="[184,367,1758,1779]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B248FF944D75F2BF6" box="[184,367,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">W. grandicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Nevertheless, the size and shape of abdominal tubercles across
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B263FF967D4C82A17" box="[520,760,1788,1810]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B263FF967D4A92A17" box="[520,665,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Wagneriana</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are extremely variable and, as such, not reliable for delineation (see Supporting Information, Appendix S1,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFBAF387BE8FFF4B24F4F8C2D72C2A68" box="[195,284,1880,1902]" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="55.[145,224,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[260,1309,195,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-77@55.[260,1310,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Figure 39. Wagneriana atuna. Morphological variation of five specimens collected in the same locality (Brazil, Roraima, Tepequém). A,B, specimen 1. C, D, specimen 2. E, F, specimen 3. G, H, specimen 4. I, J, specimen 5. Scale bars: 1 mm." pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||||
). For example, we observed dorsally projected anterior tubercles as those characteristic of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B2761FB67D23E2814" authorityName="MELLO-LEITAO" authorityYear="1935" box="[854,1038,1276,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B2761FB67D23E2814" box="[854,1038,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">W. grandicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E83A51A0BE8FFF4B2021FB66D2492817" box="[1046,1145,1276,1298]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
in several specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B271EFA86D5BF2834" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[809,911,1308,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atuna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B271EFA86D5BF2834" box="[809,911,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">W. atuna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B27A9FA86D2532835" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[926,1123,1307,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimastophora">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B27A9FA86D2532835" box="[926,1123,1307,1329]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">W. dimastophora</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B20A8FA86D3302834" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[1183,1280,1308,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vegas">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B20A8FA86D3302834" box="[1183,1280,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">W. vegas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The female specimen collected in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="4F96AF92BE8FFF4B2017FAA0D2AA2855" box="[1056,1178,1338,1360]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||||
tentatively identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B2779FAC3D2232868" authorityName="MELLO-LEITAO" authorityYear="1935" box="[846,1043,1368,1390]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B2779FAC3D2232868" box="[846,1043,1368,1390]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">W. grandicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="531092F3BE8FFF4B2070FAC2D2E52868" author="Levi HW" box="[1095,1237,1368,1390]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" pagination="363 - 415" refId="ref50019" refString="Levi HW. 1991. The Neotropical orb-weaver genera Edricus and Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152: 363-415." type="journal article" year="1991">Levi (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
was examined (MCZ139867) and identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F0819481BE8FFF4B20A7FAE2D2C42888" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1991" box="[1168,1268,1400,1421]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Wagneriana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atuna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05F53310BE8FFF4B20A7FAE2D2C42888" box="[1168,1268,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">W. atuna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="373EEF02BE8FFF4B27D6FA79D2E928FE" blockId="131.[993,1241,1507,1531]" box="[993,1241,1507,1531]" pageId="131" pageNumber="1107">MISPLACED TAXA</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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