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<document id="E28B8BB06F6ED3A9B997363EBF0650F7" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.379.4.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13726320" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725675624247" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Külkamp, Josimar, Silva, Otávio Luis Marques Da, Valduga, Eduardo, Iganci, João Ricardo Vieira, Cordeiro, Inês &amp; Baumgratz, José Fernando A." docDate="2018" docId="F16387A3FFF1633749C2FAA92C3EA32E" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.379.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 379 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.379.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Euphorbia pedersenii Subils 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="291" masterDocId="0D5AFFDBFFF06333494AFFDD280AA10F" masterDocTitle="First record of Euphorbia pedersenii Subils (Euphorbiaceae) for Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="288" updateTime="1725688649841" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AB16E6FF89E68A21B44A8E3E848E6341">
<mods:title id="31FF8CFE694D3BE8E8DBCB89FBB3B1B5">First record of Euphorbia pedersenii Subils (Euphorbiaceae) for Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3F3D3C7440241258C5A4F93E7E4BE7F0">Külkamp, Josimar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C338A960D40E8387957E4434D919CF50">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040, Solar da Imperatriz, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22460 - 030, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="26E777394E10F6B17459E63F74D008BA">Silva, Otávio Luis Marques Da</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6CF6FD3940B57A721E35251FA1AEC1BF">Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, São Paulo, CEP: 04301 - 902, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3577874DA032B873E479E3465A633A28">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7D9EAE4CC20246263FACDDE1BBFA235D">Valduga, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="03949771E04A30E2881A7E90AE495100">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Bloco IV - Prédio 43433, CEP: 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BFAB558A1284CAC50C9995934B754A26">Iganci, João Ricardo Vieira</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6F35FCB451183A78BFAE07E71A989AFB">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Bloco IV - Prédio 43433, CEP: 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. &amp; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Botânica, Campus Capão do Leão, Caixa Postal 354, CEP: 96010 - 900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="96D0B06E7A33ED9224DB25537C285C66">Cordeiro, Inês</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="19D1BE19426CDAD1AC5EF167C9E35781">Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, São Paulo, CEP: 04301 - 902, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9FC3C97853B4294AECC75C250B3D5F1F">Baumgratz, José Fernando A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F34D3C3FD309C3F3DB45D13C3429550C">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040, Solar da Imperatriz, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22460 - 030, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="FD620638E1629F671CB27A659F103D65">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="45656BFAC640C7E0A0B42C8E5B270AB4">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F1ADD2BC9534DE30E0E665929B61535">2018-12-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3BAAB581139DAC388E44EF5F7AE345DB">379</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0AC209EFF16B0FC8FFF09904AB5E312D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.379.4.2</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="1B22D3EB80054702342165686E7D5AAB" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.379.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BC14C4EC0792CFA70390113E43FDBE90" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="96EBC063C8F93BBE3E1111C2BDA53D50" type="Zenodo-Dep">13726320</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F16387A3FFF1633749C2FAA92C3EA32E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F16387A3FFF1633749C2FAA92C3EA32E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F16387A3FFF1633749C2FAA92C3EA32E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<subSubSection id="31D0653EFFF1633249C2FAA92A53A480" box="[136,601,1396,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF1633249C2FAA92A53A480" blockId="1.[136,601,1396,1423]" box="[136,601,1396,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<heading id="223D81D9FFF1633249C2FAA92A53A480" box="[136,601,1396,1423]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" reason="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="59DA119BFFF1633249C2FAA92A53A480" box="[136,601,1396,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<treatmentCitation id="F86B10A4FFF1633249C2FAA92A53A480" author="Subils, R." box="[136,601,1396,1423]" page=")" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" year="1971">
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF1633249C2FAA92A53A480" ID-CoL="3CQ68" authority="Subils (1971: 238)" authorityName="Subils" authorityPageNumber="238" authorityYear="1971" box="[136,601,1396,1423]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF1633249C2FAA92988A480" bold="true" box="[136,386,1396,1423]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Euphorbia pedersenii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF1633248C3FAAB2A53A480" author="Subils, R." box="[393,601,1398,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref5608" refString="Subils, R. (1971) Tres nuevas especies de Euphorbia L. Kurtziana 6: 233 - 240." type="journal article" year="1971">Subils (1971: 238)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31D0653EFFF1633249C2FA412AA8A4DA" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF1633249C2FA412AA8A4DA" blockId="1.[136,1451,1436,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<materialsCitation id="C9A23CE8FFF1633249C2FA412A97A4DA" collectingDate="1945-03-08" collectorName="T. S. Ibarrola" country="Argentina" location="Justiniano Solar" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Corrientes" typeStatus="holotype">
TYPE:—
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF1633249ABFA412978A4BE" box="[225,370,1436,1457]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="BB0EF857FFF163324837FA4129EFA4BE" box="[381,485,1436,1457]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Corrientes</collectingRegion>
: Dpto. Mercedes,
<location id="7C15606EFFF163324BD0FA412B3DA4BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F16387A3FFF1633749C2FAA92C3EA32E:7C15606EFFF163324BD0FA412B3DA4BE" box="[666,823,1436,1457]" country="Argentina" name="Justiniano Solar" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" stateProvince="Corrientes">Justiniano Solar</location>
, vegeta [sic!] campos de pastoreo,
<date id="0D741075FFF163324DDFFA412D29A4BE" box="[1173,1315,1436,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" value="1945-03-08">
<collectingDate id="1D30E99DFFF163324DDFFA412D29A4BE" box="[1173,1315,1436,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" value="1945-03-08">8 March 1945</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF163324C65FA4128E7A4DA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<collectorName id="D43F5363FFF163324C65FA412DA1A4BE" box="[1327,1451,1436,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">T.S. Ibarrola</collectorName>
2608
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="A6718817FFF1633249B0FA1D295AA4DA" box="[250,336,1472,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
LIL;
<typeStatus id="A6718817FFF1633248CDFA1D29C6A4DA" box="[391,460,1472,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
SI005011!).
<figureCitation id="E1F12A30FFF163324B01FA1D2A97A4DA" box="[587,669,1472,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,387,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[150,795,1047,1710]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1.Euphorbia pedersenii.A, Rocky grasslandwhere the species growsin Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; B, Habit with its characteristic underground system; C, Detail of stem with cyathium and fruit. Photos by J.Külkamp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726322/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Figure 1</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31D0653EFFF1633749C2F9DB2C3EA32E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="description">
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF1633249C2F9DB2A2AA630" blockId="1.[136,1452,1542,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF1633249C2F9DB2916A710" bold="true" box="[136,284,1542,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Description:</emphasis>
—Perennial hemicryptophyte herb,
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF163324BE6F9DB2B11A710" box="[684,795,1542,1567]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10–40 cm</quantity>
tall, erect, mostly glabrous, except for the ovary/fruit; root 3–6.5 ×
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF1633249ABF9F72940A74C" box="[225,330,1578,1603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.0">1–1.7 cm</quantity>
, tuberous, elongated, unbranched; latex milky; branches glabrous; leaves simple, alternate, subsessile, lamina 20–35 ×
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF16332480FF99329DAA768" box="[325,464,1614,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3.3 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate, base attenuate, apex acute, margin dentate, glabrous, only the central vein evident and well visible; stipules absent. Cyathia arranged in terminal pseudodichasia; involucre campanulate, 1.8–2 ×
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF1633249E8F94B2927A7A0" box="[162,301,1686,1711]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.1 mm</quantity>
, lobes rectangular, with 3-dentate apex, margin ciliolate; glands 4 per involucre, green, trapezoidal; bracteoles 3-laciniate; staminate flowers 10–15, anthers yellow; pistillate flowers with a 3-partite perianth-like whorl, ovary puberulous, trichomes simple, styles bifid. Fruits with recurved pedicels; capsules 2–2.4 ×
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF163324DE1F9032D17A7F8" box="[1195,1309,1758,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
, subglobose, with sharp angles and scattered simple short (&lt;
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF163324BEAF8DF2AF2A614" box="[672,760,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
) trichomes, denser along the ribs; seeds 1.8–2 ×
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF163324C57F8DF2DADA614" box="[1309,1447,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
, 3 per capsule, smooth, ecarunculate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF1633149F7F8972B1EA046" blockId="1.[136,1452,1542,2071]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,160,329]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF1633249F7F8972903A66C" bold="true" box="[189,265,1866,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Notes:</emphasis>
—These first records of
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF163324B6AF8972B1FA66C" box="[544,789,1866,1891]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF163324B6AF8972B1FA66C" box="[544,789,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Euphorbia pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF163324A11F8972B95A66C" box="[859,927,1866,1891]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Brazil</collectingCountry>
expand the geographical range of this species from
<collectingRegion id="BB0EF857FFF163324983F8B329A4A688" box="[201,430,1902,1927]" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Corrientes Province</collectingRegion>
, in northern
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF163324B0CF8B32AB2A688" box="[582,696,1902,1927]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, to southern
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF163324A18F8B32B90A688" box="[850,922,1902,1927]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. In
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF163324A83F8B32C31A688" box="[969,1083,1902,1927]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, the earliest collected specimen was made in 1945 by
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF1633248CAF84F2A44A6A4" box="[384,590,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">T.S. Ibarrola 2608</emphasis>
, followed by additional
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF163324A28F84F2C4EA6A4" box="[866,1092,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">T.M. Pedersen 1770</emphasis>
(CTES [photo!]),
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF163324C5FF84F2D47A6A4" box="[1301,1357,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">3909</emphasis>
(CORD [photo!], CTES [photo!],
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF1633248E6F86B29DAA6C0" box="[428,464,1974,1999]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">US</collectingCountry>
[photo!]),
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF163324B07F86B2A8FA6C0" box="[589,645,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">5839</emphasis>
(CORD [photo!], CTES [photo!]) and
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF163324D0FF86B2C66A6C0" box="[1093,1132,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">s.n.</emphasis>
(CTES [photo!]) each from a distinct location, but still in Corrientes, collected in the 1950s and 1960s. When
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF163324D16F8072CFDA6FC" author="Subils, R." box="[1116,1271,2010,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref5608" refString="Subils, R. (1971) Tres nuevas especies de Euphorbia L. Kurtziana 6: 233 - 240." type="journal article" year="1971">Subils (1971)</bibRefCitation>
analyzed these specimens, they were deposited in the personal herbarium of botanist Troels Myndel Pedersen (TMP). Subsequently, these collections were incorporated into the CTES herbarium, where they are found today.
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF263314DCAFF7D2D1DA1B6" author="Subils, R." box="[1152,1303,160,185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref5608" refString="Subils, R. (1971) Tres nuevas especies de Euphorbia L. Kurtziana 6: 233 - 240." type="journal article" year="1971">Subils (1971)</bibRefCitation>
compared
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF263314CD9FF7D28F7A1D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF263314CD9FF7D28F7A1D2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF263314854FF1929BAA1D2" authorityName="Spegazzini" authorityYear="1893" box="[286,432,196,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pampeana">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF263314854FF1929BAA1D2" box="[286,432,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">E. pampeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF2633148AEFF192A88A1D2" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1862" box="[484,642,196,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophylla">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF2633148AEFF192A88A1D2" box="[484,642,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">E. stenophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stating that it is distinguished by its leaf shape (not supported later, since all of them have lanceolate leaves [
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF263314B5CFF352AABA00E" author="Subils, R." box="[534,673,232,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref5608" refString="Subils, R. (1971) Tres nuevas especies de Euphorbia L. Kurtziana 6: 233 - 240." type="journal article" year="1971">Subils 1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF263314BE4FF352AE0A00E" author="Subils, R." box="[686,746,232,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" pagination="83 - 248" refId="ref5629" refString="Subils, R. (1977) Las especies de Euphorbia de la Republica Argentina. Kurtziana 10: 83 - 248." type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
]) and arrangement of cyathia (pseudodichasia in
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF263314C5DFF352DA6A00E" box="[1303,1452,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF263314C5DFF352DA6A00E" box="[1303,1452,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and pseudopleiochasia in
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF2633148E1FED12A4AA02A" authorityName="Spegazzini" authorityYear="1893" box="[427,576,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pampeana">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF2633148E1FED12A4AA02A" box="[427,576,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">E. pampeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF263314B32FED12B13A02A" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1862" box="[632,793,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophylla">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF263314B32FED12B13A02A" box="[632,793,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">E. stenophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, the indumentum of the ovary and fruit is very useful to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF263314838FEED2A0CA046" box="[370,518,304,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF263314838FEED2A0CA046" box="[370,518,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from these two species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2DB5663DFFF2633149C2F85A2BCFA6CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13726322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726322/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" startId="2.[136,229,1927,1948]" targetBox="[151,1436,387,1897]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF2633149C2F85A2BCFA6CF" blockId="2.[136,1452,1927,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF2633149C2F85A28F6A693" bold="true" box="[136,252,1927,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF2633149B5F85A29C4A693" box="[255,462,1927,1948]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF2633149B5F85A29C4A693" box="[255,462,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Euphorbia pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, Rocky grassland where the species grows in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; B, Habit with its characteristic underground system; C, Detail of stem with cyathium and fruit. Photos by J.Külkamp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF3633049F7FF7D2C5AA046" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
The first records for
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF3633048E3FF7D29E7A1B6" box="[425,493,160,185]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Brazil</collectingCountry>
come from the State of
<collectingRegion id="BB0EF857FFF363304A49FF7D2BDDA1B6" box="[771,983,160,185]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="E1F12A30FFF363304AADFF7D2C27A1B6" box="[999,1069,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,998,1019]" captionTargetBox="[187,1435,353,973]" captionTargetId="figure-106@3.[151,1436,353,973]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Euphorbia pedersenii. Red triangles: new records of E. pedersenii in Brazil; black circles: the known records of E. pedersenii in Corrientes, Argentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726326/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), approximately
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF363304DA7FF7D2D49A1B6" box="[1261,1347,160,185]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="km" value="230.0">230 km</quantity>
from the northernmost point of the species in
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF363304B6FFF192A92A1D2" box="[549,664,196,221]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. The specimens were collected in early November with mature fruits, although the plants still had a few flowers. The occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304A05FF352BEFA00E" box="[847,997,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304A05FF352BEFA00E" box="[847,997,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
raises the number of species of
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304C12FF352D7BA00E" box="[1368,1393,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF3633049C2FED1294BA02A" box="[136,321,268,293]" genus="Nummulariopsis" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049C2FED1294BA02A" box="[136,321,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Nummulariopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF363304827FED129BBA02A" box="[365,433,268,293]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to ten, making it one of the most representative lineages of
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304DCAFED12CF2A02A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1152,1272,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304DCAFED12CF2A02A" box="[1152,1272,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Euphorbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the country, surpassed only by
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304812FEED297AA046" box="[344,368,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E.</emphasis>
sect.
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF3633048FAFEED2AA8A046" authority="Roeper" authorityName="Roeper" box="[432,674,304,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Anisophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633048FAFEED2A40A046" box="[432,586,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Anisophyllum</emphasis>
Roeper
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304BF8FEED2AC2A046" box="[690,712,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF363304B85FEED2B83A046" author="Duby, J. E." box="[719,905,304,329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" refId="ref4967" refString="Duby, J. E. (1828) Aug. de Pyrami de Candolle Botanicon gallicum 1. Mne Ve Bouchard-Huzard, Paris, 544 pp." type="book" year="1828">Duby 1828: 412</bibRefCitation>
), with 27 species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2DB5663DFFF3633049C2FC3B2A6BA510" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13726326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726326/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" startId="3.[136,229,998,1019]" targetBox="[187,1435,353,973]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF3633049C2FC3B2A6BA510" blockId="3.[136,1451,998,1055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049C2FC3B28F5A2F4" bold="true" box="[136,255,998,1019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304886FC3B2A94A2F4" box="[460,670,998,1019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304886FC3B2A94A2F4" box="[460,670,998,1019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Euphorbia pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Red triangles: new records of
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304A99FC3B2C59A2F4" box="[979,1107,998,1019]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304A99FC3B2C59A2F4" box="[979,1107,998,1019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Brazil; black circles: the known records of
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF3633049A5FBD72967A510" box="[239,365,1034,1055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049A5FBD72967A510" box="[239,365,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Corrientes, Argentina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF3633049F7FB922BD2A434" blockId="3.[136,1452,1103,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
Initially, the specimens collected in
<collectingRegion id="BB0EF857FFF363304B04FB922B17A567" box="[590,797,1103,1128]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
were compared with other
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304D04FB922D17A567" box="[1102,1309,1103,1128]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304D04FB922CCCA567" box="[1102,1222,1103,1128]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Euphorbia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
occurring in this state. At first, we observed a close morphological affinity with
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304AC8FBAF2C1DA584" authorityName="Spegazzini" authorityYear="1893" box="[898,1047,1138,1163]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pampeana">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304AC8FBAF2C1DA584" box="[898,1047,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E. pampeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as also indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF363304C46FBAF2DA2A584" author="Subils, R." box="[1292,1448,1138,1163]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" pagination="233 - 240" refId="ref5608" refString="Subils, R. (1971) Tres nuevas especies de Euphorbia L. Kurtziana 6: 233 - 240." type="journal article" year="1971">Subils (1971)</bibRefCitation>
. However, analyzing the taxonomic treatment of
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF363304BFCFB482B59A5A1" author="Subils, R." box="[694,851,1173,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" pagination="83 - 248" refId="ref5629" refString="Subils, R. (1977) Las especies de Euphorbia de la Republica Argentina. Kurtziana 10: 83 - 248." type="journal article" year="1977">Subils (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, the protologues and
<typeStatus id="A6718817FFF363304D04FB482C74A5A1" box="[1102,1150,1173,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">type</typeStatus>
specimens, we confirmed that the specimens belong to
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304899FB642A62A5DD" box="[467,616,1209,1234]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304899FB642A62A5DD" box="[467,616,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mainly by characteristics of the root, cyathial arrange, glands shape, and ovary and fruit indumentum. Measuring the specimens collected in
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF363304A33FB012BCAA5FA" box="[889,960,1244,1269]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, we extended the original description by the presence of individuals smaller than
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF363304B6DFB222A66A417" box="[551,620,1279,1304]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
in height and with smaller roots and leaves; the remaining measurements are in agreement with the diagnostic characters described in the protologue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF3633049F7FA982DABA701" blockId="3.[136,1452,1103,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF3633049F7FA9829BEA451" box="[189,436,1349,1374]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049F7FA9829BEA451" box="[189,436,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Euphorbia pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304B1AFA982AEDA451" authorityName="Spegazzini" authorityYear="1893" box="[592,743,1349,1374]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pampeana">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304B1AFA982AEDA451" box="[592,743,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E. pampeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to habit, tuberous roots, four flat glands in the cyathium and glabrous leaves and branches. However,
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304BDDFAB42B25A48D" box="[663,815,1385,1410]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304BDDFAB42B25A48D" box="[663,815,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has cyathia arranged in pseudodichasia, with 2 lateral branches (
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049B4FA51291FA4AA" box="[254,277,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">vs</emphasis>
. pseudopleiochasia, i.e., with 3 or more lateral branches), elongated tuberous root (
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304D90FA512CFBA4AA" box="[1242,1265,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">vs</emphasis>
. ovoid tuberous root), trapezoidal glands (
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633048E7FA7229CEA4C7" box="[429,452,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">vs</emphasis>
. semicircular), and puberulous ovary and fruit (
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304AADFA722BF4A4C7" box="[999,1022,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">vs</emphasis>
. glabrous). Another similar species is
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049C2FA0F2986A4E4" box="[136,396,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF3633049C2FA0F2982A4E4" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1862" box="[136,392,1490,1515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenophylla">Euphorbia stenophylla</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which shares lanceolate leaves with dentate margins. However, this species may be distinguished by its cyathial arrangement in pseudopleiochasia (
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304BF3FA282AD2A701" box="[697,728,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">vs.</emphasis>
pseudodichasia), and ovary and fruit glabrous (
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304DA5FA282D07A701" box="[1263,1293,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">vs.</emphasis>
puberulous).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF3633049F7F9C42B49A644" blockId="3.[136,1452,1103,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049F7F9C429D5A73D" bold="true" box="[189,479,1561,1586]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
:—In
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF363304B6AF9C42A6DA73D" box="[544,615,1561,1586]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304B3BF9C42B69A73D" box="[625,867,1561,1586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304B3BF9C42B69A73D" box="[625,867,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Euphorbia pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in a habitat similar to that found in
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF363304C7FF9C42DADA73D" box="[1333,1447,1561,1586]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, that is, restricted to rocky grassland with shallow soils (
<figureCitation id="E1F12A30FFF363304BBCF9E12B45A75A" box="[758,847,1596,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1927,1948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,387,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[150,795,1047,1710]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1.Euphorbia pedersenii.A, Rocky grasslandwhere the species growsin Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; B, Habit with its characteristic underground system; C, Detail of stem with cyathium and fruit. Photos by J.Külkamp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726322/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Probably, it is resistant to frost in the winter and fire during dry periods due to the tuberous nature of the roots, which allows it to survive in unfavorable conditions, when likely the aerial parts of plant die off. Specimens were collected in the ecotone between the Pampa and Atlantic Forest domains (
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049BDF97829C6A7B1" box="[247,460,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Külkamp et al. 414</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304890F9782A0EA7B1" box="[474,516,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">416</emphasis>
), and in the core area of the Pampa (
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304AEBF9782C4DA7B1" box="[929,1095,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Queiroz 12499</emphasis>
). Due to the environmental and climatic similarities shared by the population sites, we believe that it could be found in other localities of the Província Pampeana and Província del Espinal (
<bibRefCitation id="1D5B4B44FFF363304B78F9312B43A60A" author="Cabrera, A. L. &amp; Willink, A." box="[562,841,1772,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" refId="ref4802" refString="Cabrera, A. L. &amp; Willink, A. (1973) Biogeografia de America Latina. Secretaria General de la Organizacao de los Estados Americanos, Washington D. C., 120 pp." type="book" year="1973">Cabrera &amp; Willink 1973</bibRefCitation>
). The small size of
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304D6FF9312CB3A60A" box="[1061,1209,1772,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304D6FF9312CB3A60A" box="[1061,1209,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which makes it hard to find among the grass coverage of the habitats, and the probable fall of the aerial portion during the frozen and dry periods may explain the low number of specimens in herbaria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF3633049F7F8882AECA911" blockId="3.[136,1452,1103,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF3633049F7F88829B8A661" bold="true" box="[189,434,1877,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—In
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF3633048A0F8882A3BA661" box="[490,561,1877,1902]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, only three collections
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304A67F8882C14A661" box="[813,1054,1877,1902]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304A67F8882C14A661" box="[813,1054,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Euphorbia pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known, from two municipalities in western
<collectingRegion id="BB0EF857FFF363304849F8A42A1AA69D" box="[259,528,1913,1938]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Rio Grande do Sul state</collectingRegion>
, which are approximately
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF363304A73F8A42B87A69D" box="[825,909,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="km" value="230.0">230 km</quantity>
apart. Populations from Bossoroca municipality are located on private farms with cattle grazing. This region is undergoing a major advance in the transformation of native fields (Pampas) to monoculture. The areas where the species was found are inappropriate for agricultural mechanization, in this way the conservation of the species is less compromised, however,
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF363304D3EF83F2CFAA6F4" box="[1140,1264,2018,2043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF363304D3EF83F2CFAA6F4" box="[1140,1264,2018,2043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forestry and soy beans cultivation have increased rapidly in the region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF4633749F7FF7D2917A062" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">
The total geographical range of
<taxonomicName id="BECA4D36FFF463374B7DFF7D2AC5A1B6" box="[567,719,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedersenii">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF463374B7DFF7D2AC5A1B6" box="[567,719,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">E. pedersenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is severely fragmented due to anthropic pressure, representing a barrier to a possibly more continuous distribution range. We estimated an AOO (Area of Occupancy) of
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF463374C19FF192D94A1D2" box="[1363,1438,196,221]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
², and EOO (Extent of Occurrence) of ca.
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF463374B1DFF352ADEA00E" box="[599,724,232,257]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.675" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" unit="km" value="66750.0">66,750 km</quantity>
². Thus, the species is categorized as Vulnerable (B2ab[iii]) due to an AOO of &lt;
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF46337480FFED12994A02A" box="[325,414,268,293]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
², severely fragmented populations (despite the few known locations) with small number of individuals, habitat specificity, and the continuing decline in the quality of habitat due to conversion of native fields to monoculture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797536B5FFF4633749F7FEA52C3EA32E" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF4633749F7FEA529C8A09E" bold="true" box="[189,450,376,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="C9A23CE8FFF463374895FEA52C81A0BA" collectingDate="2017-11-02" collectorName="J. Kulkamp" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.843334" location="Sao Marcos" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-54.72597" municipality="Bossoroca" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<collectingCountry id="01DD7625FFF463374895FEA52A4DA09E" box="[479,583,376,401]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="BB0EF857FFF463374B1FFEA52B38A09E" box="[597,818,376,401]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9911ACCFFFF463374A0BFEA52BB3A09E" box="[833,953,376,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">Bossoroca</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="7C15606EFFF463374A8DFEA52C58A09E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F16387A3FFF1633749C2FAA92C3EA32E:7C15606EFFF463374A8DFEA52C58A09E" box="[967,1106,376,401]" country="Brazil" latitude="-28.843334" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-54.72597" municipality="Bossoroca" name="Sao Marcos" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">São Marcos</location>
, em campo entre afloramento rochoso,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="1CFE5072FFF4633748CFFE412A23A0BA" box="[389,553,412,437]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" precision="1" seconds="33.5" value="-54.72597">54°43’33.5”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="0D741075FFF463374B7DFE412B02A0BA" box="[567,776,412,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" value="2017-11-02">
<collectingDate id="1D30E99DFFF463374B7DFE412B02A0BA" box="[567,776,412,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" value="2017-11-02">2 November 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF463374A5FFE412C07A0BA" box="[789,1037,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">
<collectorName id="D43F5363FFF463374A5FFE412B9DA0BA" box="[789,919,412,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">J. Külkamp</collectorName>
et al. 414
</emphasis>
(ICN, SP)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C9A23CE8FFF463374DD3FE412C3AA32E" collectingDate="2006-11-15" collectingDateMax="2017-11-02" collectingDateMin="2006-11-15" collectorName="J. Kulkamp &amp; Passo dos Mineiros &amp; L. P. Queiroz" country="Brazil" county="Bossoroca" latitude="-30.602222" location="Santana do Livramento" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-55.565277" municipality="Sao Marcos" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="90144E39FFF463374DD3FE412D1BA0BA" box="[1177,1297,412,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">Bossoroca</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9911ACCFFFF463374C57FE412DADA0BA" box="[1309,1447,412,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">São Marcos</collectingMunicipality>
, em lajeado com musgos,
<geoCoordinate id="1CFE5072FFF4633748EFFE1D2A21A0D6" box="[421,555,448,473]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-28.880278">28°52’49”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1CFE5072FFF463374B7DFE1D2AC5A0D6" box="[567,719,448,473]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" precision="1" seconds="26.5" value="-54.940697">54°56’26.5W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="0D741075FFF463374B91FE1D2BA2A0D6" box="[731,936,448,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" value="2017-11-02">
<collectingDate id="1D30E99DFFF463374B91FE1D2BA2A0D6" box="[731,936,448,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" value="2017-11-02">2 November 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF463374AFEFE1D2CAEA0D6" box="[948,1188,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">
<collectorName id="D43F5363FFF463374AFEFE1D2C39A0D6" box="[948,1075,448,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">J. Külkamp</collectorName>
et al. 416
</emphasis>
(ICN, RB).
<location id="7C15606EFFF463374C65FE1D2904A0F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F16387A3FFF1633749C2FAA92C3EA32E:7C15606EFFF463374C65FE1D2904A0F2" country="Brazil" county="Bossoroca" latitude="-30.602222" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="-55.565277" municipality="Sao Marcos" name="Santana do Livramento" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">Santana do Livramento</location>
, ca.
<locationDeviation id="68C72F97FFF463374875FE392AC1A0F2" box="[319,715,484,509]" location="Santana do Livramento" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">
<quantity id="BE329B50FFF463374875FE39298FA0F2" box="[319,389,484,509]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
N de Santana do Livramento
</locationDeviation>
na estrada para o
<collectorName id="D43F5363FFF463374AD9FE392C65A0F2" box="[915,1135,484,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">Passo dos Mineiros</collectorName>
, campo com capões de mata ciliar,
<geoCoordinate id="1CFE5072FFF463374984FDD5295FA32E" box="[206,341,520,545]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-30.602222">30°36’08”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1CFE5072FFF46337482BFDD529FAA32E" box="[353,496,520,545]" degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-55.565277">55°33’55”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="0D741075FFF4633748B6FDD52ADDA32E" box="[508,727,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" value="2006-11-15">
<collectingDate id="1D30E99DFFF4633748B6FDD52ADDA32E" box="[508,727,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" value="2006-11-15">15 November 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="4BBEEAA7FFF463374BA8FDD52BB0A32E" box="[738,954,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">
<collectorName id="D43F5363FFF463374BA8FDD52B67A32E" box="[738,877,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="291">L.P. Queiroz</collectorName>
12499
</emphasis>
(HUEFS)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>