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<document id="9ABE793E2A46A3A5FA17971AF5960DBD" ID-CLB-Dataset="302547" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.376.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="10464e27-82f2-4df2-9169-da26984e2770" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13726654" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725676653091" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lu, Ngan Thi, Zhang, Liang, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Gao, Xin-Fen &amp; Zhang, Li-Bing" docDate="2018" docId="E078202E28304718AE85520EFD6FF8EB" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.376.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 376 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.376.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Arachniodes longicaudata Li Bing Zhang, N. T. Lu &amp; Liang Zhang 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="1C4158562834471CAE0D5040FFB2FFE6" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the fern genus Arachniodes (Dryopteridaceae) from Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="126" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1725689664931" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="153C19C49F2C76E402F859434130378B">Three new species of the fern genus Arachniodes (Dryopteridaceae) from Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD98FFFFC85E4CB37E024C0967941932">Lu, Ngan Thi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F9CA94D1E3907DF8913E2428585C14DD">CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China &amp; Department of Biology, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AECC9B45F5373FF84B1367472D0EEB86">Zhang, Liang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="640012EA1A3C857722A3D05EC44375BF">Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C68BF0EB5A37B6DA6320EA965C93C582">Zhou, Xin-Mao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="08AF28220C4779AB5E713A1175DF7273">School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="43077A604A9C835267305EFF01630C04">Gao, Xin-Fen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="89C746E56310B0501345ED2B43251E1C">CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7A300C1FA9EBBC27020060ABD7B235FE">Zhang, Li-Bing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CC6C0860BE2BD6B0D7E3B8DC6093373B">Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="686E913828304718AE85520EFA93FD8F" blockId="4.[136,1313,590,617]" box="[136,1313,590,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<heading id="3326265428304718AE85520EFA93FD8F" box="[136,1313,590,617]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718AE85520EFC32FD8F" ID-CoL="G2ZS" authority="Li Bing Zhang, N.T. Lu &amp; Liang Zhang" authorityName="Li Bing Zhang, N. T. Lu &amp; Liang Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,896,590,617]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicaudata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AE85520EFE0AFD8F" bold="true" box="[136,440,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Arachniodes longicaudata</emphasis>
Li Bing Zhang, N.T. Lu &amp; Liang Zhang
</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4196F05128304718AD865210FC52FD8F" box="[907,992,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="F0EA8DBD28304718ADEB5210FB81FD8F" box="[998,1075,592,617]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1763,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,461,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-145@2.[151,1436,461,1738]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Arachniodes longicaudata Li Bing Zhang, N.T. Lu &amp; Liang Zhang.—A, D &amp; E. Habit.—B. Lower portion of plant.—C. Stipe base.—F. Lamina showing lowest pinnae.—G. Frond.—H. Lamina apex.—J. Portion of pinnae.—K. Portion of pinnule showing marginal sori." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726658/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="F0EA8DBD28304718AA5B5210FBD5FD8F" box="[1110,1127,592,617]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1862,1883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1837]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. The morphology of scales, spores, and indusia. A–C, H, I &amp; L. Arachniodes quangnamensis.—A. Rhizome scales.—B. Scales from stipe base.—C. Scales from distal portion of stipe.—H &amp; I. SEM photographs of spores.—L. Ciliate indusia. D, E, J, K &amp; N. A. longicaudata.—D. Scales from stipe base.—E. Scales from distal portion of stipe.—J &amp; K. SEM photographs of spores.—N. Indusia with long and hairlike ciliate. F, G &amp; M. A. daklakensis.—F. Scales from stipe base.—G. Scales from distal portion of stipe.—M. Indusia with long and hairlike ciliate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">3</figureCitation>
: D, E, J, K &amp; N.
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="20CBC2B328304718AE855236FD29FA2F" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="686E913828304718AE855236FD20FD49" blockId="4.[136,1452,630,867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828304718AEDB5236FEFAFD6D" box="[214,328,630,651]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
. Nghean Province: Pumat National park, elev.
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,
<date id="1C6FB7F828304718AD5E5236FC44FD6D" box="[851,1014,630,651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" value="2014-10-29">29 October 2014</date>
,
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AA0D5236FA19FD6D" box="[1024,1451,630,651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Li Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang &amp; Ngan Thi Lu</emphasis>
7189 (
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!,
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<collectionCode id="0EC009FD28304718AC0A52DAFDF5FD49" box="[519,583,666,687]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12796" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12796" name="Chengdu Institute of Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">CDBI</collectionCode>
!,
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!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686E913828304718AE8552FEFE37FC85" blockId="4.[136,1452,630,867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
Diagnosis:—This species resembles
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718AFE152FEFBD7FD35" authority="(Rosenstock 1914: 30) Ching (1962: 257)" authorityName="Ching" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Rosenstock" baseAuthorityPageNumber="30" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[492,1125,702,723]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AFE152FEFD74FD35" box="[492,710,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Arachniodes chinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0C40ECC928304718ACD952FEFC10FD35" author="Rosenstock, E." box="[724,930,702,723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="129 - 135" refId="ref4554" refString="Rosenstock, E. (1914) XXXV. Filices extremi orientis novae II. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 13 (355 - 358): 129 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19140130902" type="journal article" year="1914">Rosenstock 1914: 30</bibRefCitation>
) Ching (1962: 257)
</taxonomicName>
by having laminae 2-pinnate and deltoid, pinnae slightly oblique deltoid to lanceolate, and pinnules lanceolate or oblong, but the former has rhizomes ascending, lamina apex caudate, with a conform terminal pinna, sori closer to the segment margins than to the midrib, and indusia ciliate; in contrast, the latter has rhizomes creeping, lamina apex acuminate, sori medial between midvein and margin or closer to midvein, and indusial often entire.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686E913828304718AE8553D4FD29FA2F" blockId="4.[136,1452,916,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
Rhizome erect, ascending, small, ca. 1.5 × 1.0 cm, with remnant bases of old stipes, 5–7 fronds in one plant; ca. 15 roots,
<quantity id="AF293CDD28304718AEC353F8FE82FC37" box="[206,304,952,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="2.0">2–14 cm</quantity>
×
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, apex densely scaly; scales fragile often break, brown to dark brown, filiform to lanceolate, 1.6–8 × 0.4–1.0 mm, entire, membranous. Frond
<quantity id="AF293CDD28304718ACA0539CFCADFC13" box="[685,799,988,1013]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" unit="cm" value="44.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="22.0">22–66 cm</quantity>
, stipe
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×
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, base densely scaly with scales similar to those on rhizome, upward scales appressed, filiform-linear, 1.0–8 ×
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, but blackish, thicker, based or round attached with upper part entire, lower part margin sparse hairlike or irregular denticulate. Lamina 2- pinnate, often longer than stipe, dull green when dried, deltoid somewhat as triangular or deltoid-lanceolate, 8–32 ×
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, thinly papery to papery, base cordate, rounded-truncate, or broadly cuneate, apex abruptly caudate with a stalked conform terminal pinna, apex very long up to
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and bigger than lateral pinnae (larger any pinnae); rachis abaxially and adaxially scaly as distal portion of stipe scales; pinnae 1–(2)–3–(4) pairs, lowest pinnae lanceolate, 5–13 ×
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, alternate, lower 1 (or 2) pairs opposite with short stalk
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, base cordate, rounded-truncate, or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; pinnules 6–14 pairs, very short stalked or sessile, lanceolate or oblong, 2.5 ×
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, base acroscopically rounded, broad cuneate (broad acute), obtuse, basiscopically cuneate, apex acute or obtuse, margin mucronate or aristate; costule, veins of ultimate segments with minute brown linear-subulate appressed scales abaxially. Sori,
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, terminal on veinlets, 2–11 pairs per ultimate segment, close to margin; spores subglobose to elliptical
<typeStatus id="B76A2F9A28304718AF1955CCFEF5FA43" box="[276,327,1420,1445]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
, 31–36 × 43–45 um, inflated, irregular echinate folder; indusia,
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, dark brown, firmly membranous, subentire, long ciliate as hairlike.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20CBC2B328304718AEB05594FBA7FA0B" box="[189,1045,1492,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AEB05594FED6FA0B" bold="true" box="[189,356,1492,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to long caudate apex of the species
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20CBC2B328304718AEB055B8FD6FF8EB" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="686E913828304718AEB055B8FB94F9F7" blockId="4.[136,1452,916,1805]" box="[189,1062,1528,1553]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AEB055B8FEC7F9F7" bold="true" box="[189,373,1528,1553]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Distribution:—</emphasis>
This species is currently known from North-Central
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828304718ADCD55B8FB91F9F7" box="[960,1059,1528,1553]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686E913828304718AEB0565CFDEAF923" blockId="4.[136,1452,916,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AEB0565CFE94F9D3" bold="true" box="[189,294,1564,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Notes:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718AF2B565CFDE5F9D3" box="[294,599,1564,1589]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AF2B565CFDE5F9D3" box="[294,599,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Arachniodes longicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically also resembles
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718ADE7565CFECDF9BF" authority="(Y. C. Wu 1932: 78) Serizawa (1973: 219)" authorityName="Serizawa" authorityPageNumber="219" authorityYear="1973" baseAuthorityName="Y. C. Wu" baseAuthorityPageNumber="78" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yaoshanensis">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718ADE7565CFB15F9D3" box="[1002,1191,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">A. yaoshanensis</emphasis>
(Y.C.
<bibRefCitation id="0C40ECC928304718AB0D565CFA11F9D3" author="Wu, Y. - C. &amp; Wong, K. - K. &amp; Pong, S. - M." box="[1280,1443,1564,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref4699" refString="Wu, Y. - C., Wong, K. - K. &amp; Pong, S. - M. (1932) Polypodiaceae Yaoshanensis, Kwangsi. Bulletin of the Department of Biology: College of Science: Sun Ya-tsen University 3: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="1932">Wu 1932: 78</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="0C40ECC928304718AE855600FECDF9BF" author="Serizawa, S." box="[136,383,1600,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="218 - 219" refId="ref4597" refString="Serizawa, S. (1973) On Arachniodes chinensis. Journal of Japanese Botany 48 (7): 218 - 219." type="journal article" year="1973">Serizawa (1973: 219)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by having long caudate lamina apex, lowest pinnae not elongated, but the former has fewer pinnae sometimes lamina triangular, scales not blackish, and sori closer to segment margins. Phylogenetically,
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718AB9E5624FEAEF947" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AB9E5624FEAEF947" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">A. longicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was resolved as sister to
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718AC4056C8FB73F947" authority="(Ching 1931: 191) Ching (1962: 258)" authorityName="Ching" authorityPageNumber="258" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityPageNumber="191" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[589,1217,1672,1697]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrospinosa">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AC4056C8FCB2F947" box="[589,768,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">A. nigrospinosa</emphasis>
(Ching 1931: 191) Ching (1962: 258)
</taxonomicName>
whose
<typeStatus id="B76A2F9A28304718AB1056C8FAFFF947" box="[1309,1357,1672,1697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
is from
<collectingRegion id="AA155FDA28304718AE8556ECFEBCF923" box="[136,270,1708,1733]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828304718AF1456ECFEEEF923" box="[281,348,1708,1733]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">China</collectingCountry>
(Lu
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AF9F56ECFE78F923" box="[402,458,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
, submitted).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686E913828304718AEB05690FD6FF8EB" blockId="4.[136,1452,916,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718AEB05690FE54F90F" box="[189,486,1744,1769]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AEB05690FE54F90F" box="[189,486,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Arachniodes longicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not rare in
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828304718AC8F5690FD53F90F" box="[642,737,1744,1769]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and can be found in the North (Bavi, Langson, Tamdao) and in the Central (Nghean, Quangbinh, Quangtri)
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828304718AC7A56B4FD68F8EB" box="[631,730,1780,1805]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

251
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<mods:title id="DDD64842AF44AEA032F8AAA93BC55BCC">Three new species of the fern genus Arachniodes (Dryopteridaceae) from Vietnam</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="686E913828304718AE85577AFA2FF8B3" blockId="4.[136,1437,1850,1877]" box="[136,1437,1850,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<heading id="3326265428304718AE85577AFA2FF8B3" box="[136,1437,1850,1877]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718AE85577AFC6AF8B3" ID-CoL="G33F" authority="Li Bing Zhang, Ngan Thi Lu &amp; Liang Zhang" authorityName="Li Bing Zhang, Ngan Thi Lu &amp; Liang Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,984,1850,1877]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quangnamensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AE85577AFE65F8B2" bold="true" box="[136,471,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Arachniodes quangnamensis</emphasis>
Li Bing Zhang, Ngan Thi Lu &amp; Liang Zhang
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,
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718ADEE577CFB8AF8B3" box="[995,1080,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4196F05128304718ADEE577CFB8AF8B3" box="[995,1080,1852,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="F0EA8DBD28304718AA33577CFB73F8B3" box="[1086,1217,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1623,1644]" captionTargetBox="[298,1290,315,1598]" captionTargetId="figure-73@1.[298,1290,314,1598]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–H. Arachniodes quangnamensis Li Bing Zhang, N.T. Lu &amp; Liang Zhang,—A &amp; B. Habit.—C. Sterile frond.—D. Lower portion of plant.—E. Fertile frond.—F. Portion of frond showing basal pinnae.—G. Portion of rachis and pinna.—H. Portion of pinnule showing sori and microscales. J–P. A. daklakensis Li Bing Zhang, N.T. Lu &amp; X.M.Zhou.—J. Fronds.—K &amp; M. Lowest pinnae.—L. Stipe base.—N. Lamina apex.—O. Portions of lateral pinnae.—P. Portion of pinnule showing sori." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726656/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
Figs. 1A
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AA92577EFB1FF8B2" box="[1183,1197,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">‒</emphasis>
H
</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="F0EA8DBD28304718AAE8577CFA2BF8B3" box="[1253,1433,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1862,1883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[151,1436,190,1837]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. The morphology of scales, spores, and indusia. A–C, H, I &amp; L. Arachniodes quangnamensis.—A. Rhizome scales.—B. Scales from stipe base.—C. Scales from distal portion of stipe.—H &amp; I. SEM photographs of spores.—L. Ciliate indusia. D, E, J, K &amp; N. A. longicaudata.—D. Scales from stipe base.—E. Scales from distal portion of stipe.—J &amp; K. SEM photographs of spores.—N. Indusia with long and hairlike ciliate. F, G &amp; M. A. daklakensis.—F. Scales from stipe base.—G. Scales from distal portion of stipe.—M. Indusia with long and hairlike ciliate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13726662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13726662/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
3A
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AB0A577EFAA7F8B2" box="[1287,1301,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">‒</emphasis>
C, H, I &amp; L
</figureCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="686E913828304718AE855722FCA3F87D" blockId="4.[136,1452,1890,2091]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828304718AEDB5722FEFAF891" box="[214,328,1890,1911]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
. Quangnam Province: Songthanh Nature reserve, elev.
<quantity id="AF293CDD28304718AD5B5722FC77F891" box="[854,965,1890,1911]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="430.0" valueMax="460.0" valueMin="400.0">400–460 m</quantity>
,
<date id="1C6FB7F828304718ADC35722FBC8F891" box="[974,1146,1890,1911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" value="2014-12-05">5 December 2014</date>
,
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AA8E5722FEDFF87D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Li Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang &amp; Ngan Thi Lu 7926</emphasis>
(
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!,
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<collectionCode id="0EC009FD28304718AC8B57C6FD74F87D" box="[646,710,1926,1947]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12796" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12796" name="Chengdu Institute of Biology" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">CDBI</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="0EC009FD28304718ACD957C6FCB0F87D" box="[724,770,1926,1947]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
!).
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<paragraph id="686E913828304719AE8557EAFE6BFF3F" blockId="4.[136,1452,1890,2091]" lastBlockId="5.[189,1452,160,217]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
Diagnosis:—This species resembles
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28304718AFE157EAFB37F859" authority="(Hayata 1911: 428) Ching (1962: 257)" authorityName="Ching" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Hayata" baseAuthorityPageNumber="428" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[492,1157,1962,1983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphophylla">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28304718AFE157EAFCB4F859" box="[492,774,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Arachniodes dimorphophylla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0C40ECC928304718AD1957EAFC71F859" author="Hayata, B." box="[788,963,1962,1983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 471" refId="ref3830" refString="Hayata, B. (1911) Materials for a flora of Formosa. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 30 (1): 1 - 471." type="journal article" year="1911">Hayata 1911: 428</bibRefCitation>
) Ching (1962: 257)
</taxonomicName>
in having fronds dimorphous, fertile fronds lanceolate, longer but narrower than sterile fronds, sterile fronds ovate-lanceolate, and sori small (
<quantity id="AF293CDD28304718AAE1578EFAFDF805" box="[1260,1359,1998,2019]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
in diam.) and closer to midribs than to segment margins, but the former bears rhizomes suberect or ascending (creeping rhizomes unseen), laminae more shallowly dissected, often 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, basal basiscopic segments of lowest pinnae less elongated, and indusia ciliate; in contrast, the latter has rhizomes often short-creeping, laminae 3-pinnate, basal basiscopic segments of lowest pinnae longelongated, and indusia entire.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686E913828314719AE855149FB9FFC84" blockId="5.[136,1452,265,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">
Rhizome erect or ascending, 1.2–4.2 ×
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719AC455149FD78FEC4" box="[584,714,265,290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.5 cm</quantity>
, with remnant bases of old stipes, up to 18 fronds each rhizome; ca. 35 roots,
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719AF11516DFECDFEA0" box="[284,383,301,326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719AFAD516DFD98FEA0" box="[416,554,301,326]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.7 mm</quantity>
, apex densely scaly; scales (brown to red-brown), linear-narrow lanceolate, tip tortuous, 4–10 × 0.3–1.0 mm, entire, membranous. Fronds dimorphic,
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719ADBC5111FB94FE8C" box="[945,1062,337,362]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="48.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="21.0">21–75 cm</quantity>
. Sterile lamina 14–32 ×
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719AB4C5111FA15FE8C" box="[1345,1447,337,362]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="11.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="5.0">5–18 cm</quantity>
, stipe
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719AECB5135FE9AFE68" box="[198,296,373,398]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="18.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="7.0">7–29 cm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719AF475135FE7FFE68" box="[330,461,373,398]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="7.6" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.2">3.2–12 mm</quantity>
, base with scales similar to those on rhizome, scales sparser upward, blackish, thread– linear, 4–6 ×
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719AF2451D9FE76FE54" box="[297,452,409,434]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="0.36" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.6 mm</quantity>
, entire and thicker; lamina 2 pinnate-pinnatifid, green when dried, deltoid-lanceolate, papery, base acute, apex acuminate; rachis scaly as distal portion of stipe, sparse scales adaxially; pinnae 12–22 pairs, lowest pinnae 4–14 ×
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, stalks ca.
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719ACB451A1FCB8FE1C" box="[697,778,481,506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="0.7">0.7 cm</quantity>
, upper shorter even sessile, alternate, spreading, lanceolate or deltoid-lanceolate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex acute or obtuse; pinnules 5–14 pairs per pinna, shortly stalked, oblong, deltoid-lanceolate, sometimes elliptical-oval, 1.0–1.5 ×
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719ADC05269FBE3FDA4" box="[973,1105,553,578]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3.8 cm</quantity>
, base acroscopically rounded, obtuse, cuneate basiscopically cuneate, apex obtuse, margin often aristate; costule, vein sparse minute brown filiform scales abaxially. Fertile fronds up to 75 ×
<quantity id="AF293CDD28314719AC615231FD61FD6C" box="[620,723,625,650]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">4–12 cm</quantity>
; lamina similar to that of sterile fronds in shape and dissection, often longer than sterile but narrower, papery to subleathery; pinnae 12–24 pairs, lowest pinnae 4–11.2 ×
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, lanceolate, alternate, base acute, oblique-cordate, apex acute or acuminate; pinnule 8–13 pairs, lanceolate or oblong, 0.5–1.0 × 1.0–
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, base acroscopically truncate, obtuse, basiscopically cuneate, apex obtuse, margin lobed or pinnatifid, mucronate teeth. Sori small (ca. 2.0 mm), terminal on veinlets, approximate, 2–9 pairs per ultimate segment, closer to midvein than margin; spores elliptical
<typeStatus id="B76A2F9A28314719ACAA5365FD68FCD8" box="[679,730,805,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
, 31–38 × 35–46 um, inflated, echinate folder; indusia brown to dark brown, membranous, ciliate or irregularly denticulate on margin (ca.
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20CBC2B328314719AEB0532DFCA3FC4C" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="686E913828314719AEB0532DFCA3FC4C" blockId="5.[136,1452,265,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AEB0532DFED6FC60" bold="true" box="[189,356,877,902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Etymology:—</emphasis>
From
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AFA7532DFD92FC60" box="[426,544,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">quangnam</emphasis>
, the province name in central
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828314719AD88532DFC55FC60" box="[901,999,877,902]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, and the Latin ending
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AAE3532DFA82FC60" box="[1262,1328,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">-ensis</emphasis>
, of origin, referring to the
<typeStatus id="B76A2F9A28314719AF3A53D1FED5FC4C" box="[311,359,913,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
locality where we collected the plant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="20CBC2B328314719AEB053F5FAA7FB08" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="686E913828314719AEB053F5FF5DFC14" blockId="5.[136,1452,265,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AEB053F5FEC7FC28" bold="true" box="[189,373,949,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Distribution:—</emphasis>
This species is currently only known from the
<typeStatus id="B76A2F9A28314719AD8553F5FC0AFC28" box="[904,952,949,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
locality and probably is endemic to Central
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828314719AE855399FF59FC14" box="[136,235,985,1010]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686E913828314719AEB053BDFDC2FB40" blockId="5.[136,1452,265,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AEB053BDFE94FBF0" bold="true" box="[189,294,1021,1046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Notes:—</emphasis>
In addition to
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28314719AFC053BDFCA0FBF0" authorityName="Li Bing Zhang, Ngan Thi Lu &amp; Liang Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[461,786,1021,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quangnamensis">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AFC053BDFCA0FBF0" box="[461,786,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Arachniodes quangnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are two more species in the genus with dimorphic fronds:
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28314719AEE95461FCF3FBDC" authority="(Ching 1934: 44) Ching (1962: 258)" authorityName="Ching" authorityPageNumber="258" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityPageNumber="44" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[228,833,1057,1082]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hainanenis">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AEE95461FE31FBDC" box="[228,387,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">A. hainanenis</emphasis>
(Ching 1934: 44) Ching (1962: 258)
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="B76A2F9A28314719AD585461FC39FBDC" box="[853,907,1057,1082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
:
<collectingRegion id="AA155FDA28314719AD975461FC5CFBDC" box="[922,1006,1057,1082]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828314719ADF25461FBF6FBDC" box="[1023,1092,1057,1082]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">China</collectingCountry>
) and
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28314719AA815461FAD1FBDC" authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Hayata" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1164,1379,1057,1082]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dimorphophylla">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AA815461FAD1FBDC" box="[1164,1379,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">A. dimorphophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="B76A2F9A28314719AB7F5461FA1AFBDC" box="[1394,1448,1057,1082]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
:
<collectingRegion id="AA155FDA28314719AE855405FF42FBB8" box="[136,240,1093,1118]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828314719AEF35405FEF1FBB8" box="[254,323,1093,1118]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Japan</collectingCountry>
). Phylogenetically,
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28314719AC2F5405FD43FBB8" authorityName="Li Bing Zhang, Ngan Thi Lu &amp; Liang Zhang" authorityYear="2018" box="[546,753,1093,1118]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quangnamensis">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AC2F5405FD43FBB8" box="[546,753,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">A. quangnamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was resolved as sister to
<taxonomicName id="AFD1EABB28314719AA105405FB76FBB8" authorityName="Ching" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Ching" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1053,1220,1093,1118]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Arachniodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AA105405FB76FBB8" box="[1053,1220,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">A. hainanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the Japanese dimorphic species was nested in other clade (Lu
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719ACA85429FD6FFB64" box="[677,733,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
, submitted).
<bibRefCitation id="0C40ECC928314719AD7D5429FBADFB64" author="He, H. &amp; Wu, S. - G. &amp; Xiang, J. - Y. &amp; Barrington, D. S." box="[880,1055,1129,1154]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="542 - 558" refId="ref3960" refString="He, H., Wu, S. - G., Xiang, J. - Y. &amp; Barrington, D. S. (2013) Arachniodes Blume. In: Wu, Z. - Y., Raven, P. H. &amp; Hong, D. - Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, Vols. 2 - 3. pp. 542 - 558." type="book chapter" year="2013">
He
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AD9A5429FC7CFB64" box="[919,974,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
noted a dimorphic species reported from
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828314719AEC854CDFEA8FB40" box="[197,282,1165,1190]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, which needs to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="686E913828314719AEB054F1FAA7FB08" blockId="5.[136,1452,265,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AEB054F1FDF8FB2C" bold="true" box="[189,586,1201,1226]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Additional material examined:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="10C6D1A828314719AC4754F1FD7DFB2C" box="[586,719,1201,1226]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
. Quangnam Province: Songthanh Nature Reserve, elev.
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,
<date id="1C6FB7F828314719AEA15495FEC4FB08" box="[172,374,1237,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" value="2014-12-05">5 December 2014</date>
,
<emphasis id="5AA54D2A28314719AF8C5495FC45FB08" box="[385,1015,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Li Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang &amp; Ngan Thi Lu 7915, 1918</emphasis>
(CDBI!, MO!, VNMN!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>