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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090414" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f9ef5f7-ffca-4a86-bfd7-3e88af0a577b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135559567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090414" checkinTime="1509536156663" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beatrice Senn-Irlet & Martina Peter" docDate="2016" docId="40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3" docLanguage="en" docName="Senn_Peter_Sclerotinia_AscomyceteOrg 08-05.pdf" docOrigin="Ascomycete. org 8 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi Senn-Irlet 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="238" masterDocId="BC4C5008FFFA2C0DF35EFFDB03459E61" masterDocTitle="Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi, a new species from the Alps" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="235" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" updateTime="1644929894052" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi, a new species from the Alps</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Beatrice Senn-Irlet</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Martina Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Ascomycete. org</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2016-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>8</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>235</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>240</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1040189</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">0f9ef5f7-ffca-4a86-bfd7-3e88af0a577b</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1040189</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090414" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135559567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090414" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[136,632,485,506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,775,485,535]" box="[136,632,485,506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,550,485,506]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,442,485,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||||
Senn-Irlet
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis box="[557,632,485,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,775,485,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
— MycoBank 516616,
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[197,289,514,535]" captionStart-0="Plate 1" captionStart-1="Plate 2" captionStart-2="Plate 3" captionStartId-0="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionStartId-1="3.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionStartId-2="4.[113,167,1477,1498]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1474,113,1766]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1447,781,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[295,1296,136,1441]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[113,1474,772,1968]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[266,1323,113,1464]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." captionText-1="Plate 2 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Asci with uniseriate ascospores in early stage of maturation and biseriate ascospores in late stage of maturation; b) croziers; c) paraphyses; d) apical apparatus in Lugol; e) Microconidia; f) Ejected ascospores; g) Fruit-bodies with sclerotia; h) Ectal excipulum in section (underside of cup); h) Excipulum of stipe; j) Section through apothecium. Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in g), 100 Μm in j)." captionText-2="Plate 3 – Phylogenetic placement of Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi within members of the Sclerotiniaceae, obtained by sequence comparison of the ITS region. The phylogram is based on maximum parsimony. The strict consensus tree of 48 most parsimonious trees is shown, numbers percentages of 500 bootstrap replicates that support the indicated branches (only values above 50 % are shown). Sequences other than S. cirsii-spinosissimi and S. nivalis were retrieved from the executable nexus file of HOLST- JENSEN et al. (1998)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1040193/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1040195/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[197,285,514,535]" captionStart-0="Plate 1" captionStart-1="Plate 2" captionStart-2="Plate 3" captionStartId-0="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionStartId-1="3.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionStartId-2="4.[113,167,1477,1498]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1447,781,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[295,1296,136,1441]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[113,1474,772,1968]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[266,1323,113,1464]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." captionText-1="Plate 2 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Asci with uniseriate ascospores in early stage of maturation and biseriate ascospores in late stage of maturation; b) croziers; c) paraphyses; d) apical apparatus in Lugol; e) Microconidia; f) Ejected ascospores; g) Fruit-bodies with sclerotia; h) Ectal excipulum in section (underside of cup); h) Excipulum of stipe; j) Section through apothecium. Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in g), 100 Μm in j)." captionText-2="Plate 3 – Phylogenetic placement of Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi within members of the Sclerotiniaceae, obtained by sequence comparison of the ITS region. The phylogram is based on maximum parsimony. The strict consensus tree of 48 most parsimonious trees is shown, numbers percentages of 500 bootstrap replicates that support the indicated branches (only values above 50 % are shown). Sequences other than S. cirsii-spinosissimi and S. nivalis were retrieved from the executable nexus file of HOLST- JENSEN et al. (1998)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1040193/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1040195/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1-3</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,573,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[136,547,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Apothecia solitaria, discus acetabuliformis,</emphasis>
|
||||
5-12
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">mm diam, stipitatus, hymenio brunneo, stipes cylindraceus, colore simile disco,</emphasis>
|
||||
5–20 × 0.8–1.5
|
||||
<emphasis box="[191,394,632,653]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">mm. Asci cylindracei,</emphasis>
|
||||
† (120–)130–170 × 7–9
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">μm, octospori, poro jodo caerulescenti. Ascosporae uniseriatae, hyalinae, elipsoideae, inaequilaterales,</emphasis>
|
||||
† 9.5–11.8 × 4.7–6.6
|
||||
<emphasis box="[470,635,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">μm. Microconidia</emphasis>
|
||||
2–4
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">μm diam., globosae, in sporodochiis in hymenio vel in vitro. Sclerotia tuberoidea,</emphasis>
|
||||
4–8 × 1.5–4
|
||||
<emphasis box="[233,516,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">mm, extus nigra, intus albida.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,573,858]" box="[136,725,779,800]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Habitat in bracteas Cirsii spinosissimi in regio alpina, Helvetia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,573,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1677090465" collectingDate="31 Augusto 1996" collectionCode="Z-ZT" collectionCountry="Switzerland" collectorName="Senn-Irlet" country="Switzerland" location="Uri" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" specimenCode="96/32" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus box="[136,234,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Holotypus</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectorName box="[245,343,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Senn-Irlet</collectorName>
|
||||
<specimenCode box="[347,407,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">96/32</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3:CD03CFBDFFFB2C0CF2C1FCF302FB9D5C" box="[415,446,808,829]" name="Uri" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Uri</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3:CD03CFBDFFFB2C0CF299FCF301149D5C" box="[455,593,808,829]" name="Attinghausen" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Attinghausen</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate box="[601,773,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">31 Augusto 1996</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis box="[113,218,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">in herbario</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode box="[223,268,837,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Z-ZT</collectionCode>
|
||||
<emphasis box="[274,393,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">conservatur.</emphasis>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[136,727,896,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,727,896,917]" box="[136,727,896,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,281,896,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Etymology —</emphasis>
|
||||
Refers to the species name of the plant host.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="description">
|
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<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,955,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,245,955,976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Apothecia</emphasis>
|
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arising singly or rarely in pairs or in triplet from a true sclerotium, embedded in fallen old, last-year bracts of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lying on the soil (
|
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<figureCitation box="[405,487,1014,1035]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1a</figureCitation>
|
||||
); receptacle 5–12 mm diam., 2–4 mm high, cupulate or discoid with a central depression; hymenium ochraceous to burnt Sienna, smooth; stipe cylindrical, often flexuous, 5–20 × 0.8–1.5 mm, tapering towards base, concolorous or paler than hymenium, glabrous to felted under hand lens.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,955,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,180,1161,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Asci</emphasis>
|
||||
arising from croziers, cylindric–clavate, (*) 140–180 × 9– 10.5 Μm, (†) (120–) 130–140 × 7–9 Μm, with a tapering, blunt–end base, regularly 8–spored, all spores of about equal size, apex truncated-rounded,apical pore MLZ+ blue, IKI blueish, deep blue in MLZ after KOH (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[225,313,1278,1299]" captionStart="Plate 2" captionStartId="3.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetBox="[136,1447,781,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[113,1474,772,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Plate 2 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Asci with uniseriate ascospores in early stage of maturation and biseriate ascospores in late stage of maturation; b) croziers; c) paraphyses; d) apical apparatus in Lugol; e) Microconidia; f) Ejected ascospores; g) Fruit-bodies with sclerotia; h) Ectal excipulum in section (underside of cup); h) Excipulum of stipe; j) Section through apothecium. Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in g), 100 Μm in j)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040193/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 2d</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[329,453,1278,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Ascospores</emphasis>
|
||||
(*) 11.3–15.3 (17) × 5.7–7.1 Μm (fresh in H2O), Q = 1.6–2.4, mean Q = 2.04, (†) (8) 9.5–11.8 (14.5) × 4.7–6.6 Μm, Q = 1.5–2.2 (in Congo red and 5% KOH) mean Q = 1.85, (†) uniseriate, young in ascus biseriate, hyaline, unicellular, ellipsoid and slightly inequilateral, eguttulate, with two (to four?) nuclei, content (†) cyanophilous (in Cotton blue), IKI wall hyaline, content yellow.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[187,390,1455,1476]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Microconidial state</emphasis>
|
||||
with microconidia globose, hyaline, 2– 4 Μm diam., produced from phialides in sporodochia (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[649,725,1484,1505]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1f</figureCitation>
|
||||
), superficial in hymenium of older apothecia from germinating ascospores, especially towards margin.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[494,613,1543,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Paraphyses</emphasis>
|
||||
filiform, septate, simple or sparsely branched, hyaline, in upper part 3–4 Μm wide, fresh with large pale brown guttules in the upper cells, without gelatinous covering, even in living state.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[487,643,1631,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Subhymenium</emphasis>
|
||||
45–60 Μm, of densely septate, prismatic cells, brown-walled, reddish brown.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Medullary excipulum</emphasis>
|
||||
of loosely interwoven, filiform, 2–5 Μm wide, colourless hyphae, forming a textura intricata, 40–250 Μm thick, without crystals, no blueing in IKI.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[455,623,1748,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Ectal excipulum</emphasis>
|
||||
50–150 Μm, 3– 5 cells thick, of pale brown angular to prismatic cells, 20–35 × 10– 16 Μm in size, orientated perpendicularly to apothecial surface. No gelatinous matrix observed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,955,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,191,1866,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Stipe</emphasis>
|
||||
composed of a medullary excipulum forming a
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">textura porrecta</emphasis>
|
||||
, composed of thin-walled, elongated, 5–8 Μm wide, hyaline cells, and an ectal excipulum, 8–20 Μm thick, of 2–3 rows of elongated, light brown, thin-walled cells, forming a
|
||||
<emphasis box="[565,730,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">textura angularis</emphasis>
|
||||
, outermost cells often with short outgrowths. Both textures arranged parallel to the stipe axis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,955,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,225,2042,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Pigment</emphasis>
|
||||
brownish, membranaceous, in subhymenium, and outer cells of the stipe, intracellular in paraphyses.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,115,456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,912,115,136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Stroma</emphasis>
|
||||
an irregular tuberoid sclerotium (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1238,1319,115,136]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1b</figureCitation>
|
||||
), globose to cylindrical, constricted and often furrowed, variable in shape, 4–8 × 1.5–4 mm, with scrobiculate, black outer rind and white inner context, developing within fallen, straw-like involucral bracts of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but never incorporating remnants of plant material. Sclerotial rind two to four cells wide, of dark brown-walled, angular to prismatic cells, outermost cells heavily melanized, carbonaceous; uppermost cells pale brown, cells compact,(†) 12–20 × 6– 10 Μm, forming a
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1013,1186,348,369]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">textura angularis</emphasis>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1229,1367,348,369]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">textura oblita</emphasis>
|
||||
, sclerotial medulla of interwoven, hyaline hyphae, 4–6 Μm wide, forming a textura oblita-intricata, walls gelatinized, without apparent remnants of host tissue.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,494,747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
Ascospores germinate readily on PDA and MA, mycelium whitish, adhering to the agar surface, after 4–6 weeks applanate sclerotia are produced regularly spread over the whole surface of the petridish on PDA (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[949,1031,581,602]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1c</figureCitation>
|
||||
), half to three quarter immerged, irreguarly spread and larger (up to 12 × 7 mm) on MA.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,494,747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">18 days after inoculation scattered flocculose tufts produced small globular sporodochia, with conidia born on phialides on aerial mycelium, phialides with no obvious collarettes,conidia globose to slightly ovate, 2.5–4 Μm in diam., with one internal guttule.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1476,785,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
The ITS sequences of the five isolates of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
collected from different locations in Switzerland were identical. Parsimony analysis revealed 44 of the 514 characters to be parsimony informative.The analysis yielded 530 most parsimonious trees (MPTs) which were reduced to 48 after reweighting (cf.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="HOLST- JENSEN A. & VAAGE M. & SCHUMACHER T." journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" pagination="705 - 719" part="18" refString="HOLST- JENSEN A., VAAGE M. & SCHUMACHER T. 1998. - An approximation to the phylogeny of Sclerotinia and related genera. Nordic Journal of Botany, 18: 705 - 719" title="— An approximation to the phylogeny of Sclerotinia and related genera" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||||
HOLST- JENSEN
|
||||
<emphasis box="[813,853,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
., 1998
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[934,1121,930,951]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[934,1121,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was consistently placed in a cluster with
|
||||
<emphasis box="[864,961,959,980]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. borealis</emphasis>
|
||||
, which was supported by the strict consensus tree and a bootstrap value of 64% (Fig. 6). In 32 of the 48 MPTs,
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1392,1474,988,1009]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1392,1474,988,1009]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. nivalis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clustered with
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[959,1059,1018,1039]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[959,1059,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(52% bootstrap).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1474,1076,1126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,987,1076,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Substratum —</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[991,1256,1076,1097]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[991,1256,1076,1097]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, always on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[835,1130,1163,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[835,1130,1163,1184]" box="[835,1130,1163,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,994,1163,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Distribution —</emphasis>
|
||||
Europe, Alps.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1476,1221,1737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1074,1221,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||||
SWITZERLAND – Uri, Attinghausen-Geissberg, 1740 m alt., 31 August 1996, B. Senn-Irlet & R. Mürner (ZT, holotype, BSI 96/32, culture isolate, NCBI GQ848548); Spirigen-Kinzigpass, 2070 m alt., 19 August 2001, B. Senn-Irlet & R. Mürner (ZT, BSI 01/194); – Bern, Guttannen-Oberaar, 2330 m alt., 30 August 1994, B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 94/43); 15 August 1995, H.U. Aeberhard & B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 95/150, culture isolate,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[1370,1474,1396,1417]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1370,1474,1396,1417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spec 2
|
||||
<emphasis box="[879,932,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="HOLST- JENSEN A. & KOHN L. M. & SCHUMACHER T." box="[936,1163,1425,1446]" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" pagination="885 - 899" part="89" refString="HOLST- JENSEN A., KOHN L. M. & SCHUMACHER T. 1997. - Nuclear rDNA phylogeny of Sclerotiniaceae. Mycologia, 89: 885 - 899." title="Nuclear rDNA phylogeny of Sclerotiniaceae" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||||
HOLST- JENSEN
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1058,1103,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 1997
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), 8 August 1998, H.U. Aeberhard (ZT, 024.98), 2 September 2004 (ZT, BSI 04/130, NCBI EU330398), 17 August 2010, B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 10/63), 22 August 2010, H. Woltsche (ZT, BSI 10/93); – Graubünden, Bivio, near Leg Grevasalvas, 2460 m alt., B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 03/80, NCBI EU330399); – Ticino, Bedretto, Ponte di Paltano, 1840 m alt., 20 August 2002, H.Woltsche & B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 02/79); – Valais,Val d’Anniviers, Moiry, 21 August 2010, B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 10/83).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1476,1221,1737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Saito" authorityName="Saito" box="[835,1068,1658,1679]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[835,1008,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia nivalis</emphasis>
|
||||
Saito
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: JAPAN – Hokkaido, Makubedtsu-cho, on
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1779" box="[813,949,1687,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Arctium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lappa">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[813,949,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Arctium lappa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 15 May 1982, I. Saito (HAK, Holotype, 24055, NCBI EU 330400).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,1775,2093]" box="[813,1027,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[813,1027,1775,1801]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" reason="0">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1027,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Habitat and ecology</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,1775,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[835,1108,1810,1831]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[835,1108,1810,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was exclusively found in association with
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[866,1092,1839,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[866,1092,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a widespread, abundant forb of the lower alpine zone of the Alps, forming clones (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="URBANSKA K. M." box="[1285,1436,1868,1889]" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, UTB" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="URBANSKA K. M. 1992. - Populationsbiologie der Pflanzen. Stuttgart, UTB." title="Populationsbiologie der Pflanzen" type="book" year="1992">URBANSKA, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) on pastures and near rivulets, especially at nutrient rich sites with forb vegetation and in scree vegetation, often at places indirectly favoured by cattle. The apothecia were always found on the involucral bracts from the almost intact, fallen inflorescenses from the previous year below the forb plant, profiting thus from a favourable humid microclimate.The accompanying macromycetes found were
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Ascomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Peziza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="granularis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Peziza granularis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Donadini,
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1016,1133,2072,2093]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Ombrophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1016,1133,2072,2093]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Ombrophila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spec.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1198,1298,2072,2093]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Hyaloscyphaceae" genus="Scutellinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1198,1298,2072,2093]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Scutellinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spec.,
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1362,1474,2072,2093]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1362,1440,2072,2093]" class="Ascomycetes" family="Pyronemataceae" genus="Tarzetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Tarzetta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cu-
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="237" targetBox="[113,1474,113,1766]" targetPageId="2">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="2.[113,1474,1981,2089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[598,990,1981,2002]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="237" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[598,990,1981,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
Plate 1 –
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[692,990,1981,2002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="237">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[692,803,1981,2002]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="237" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Sclerotinia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cirsii-spinosissimi
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96/32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96/32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10/93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10/63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10/83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10/83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10/93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="3.[113,776,115,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[113,180,115,136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">pularis</emphasis>
|
||||
(L.) Svrček, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="J. Favre" authorityName="J. Favre" authorityYear="1938" box="[352,718,115,136]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Tricholomataceae" genus="Hemimycena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ochrogaleata">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[352,621,115,136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">Hemimycena ochrogaleata</emphasis>
|
||||
(J. Favre)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
M.M. Moser.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="3.[113,776,115,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
Involucral bracts of
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[332,552,175,196]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[332,552,175,196]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lying beyond the forb plant on open grassland are often infected by
|
||||
<emphasis box="[566,775,204,225]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[566,665,204,225]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Crocicreas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Crocicreas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
calathicola
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(Rehm) S.E. Carpenter, a saprotrophic ascomycete with orange coloured apothecia.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[297,570,264,285]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[297,570,264,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[622,721,264,285]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Crocicreas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Crocicreas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
calathicola
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
were never found together suggesting that microclimatic conditions were required for germination and establishment, and humid conditions favoured
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[395,498,353,374]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[395,498,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">Sclerotinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. A necrotrophic life-form is suggested as no signs of reduced plant growth or flowering has been observed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
180
data/40/75/28/40752870FFFF2C08F15BFF5D06E19DD4.xml
Normal file
180
data/40/75/28/40752870FFFF2C08F15BFF5D06E19DD4.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1040189" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f9ef5f7-ffca-4a86-bfd7-3e88af0a577b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135559565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1040189" checkinTime="1509536156663" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beatrice Senn-Irlet & Martina Peter" docDate="2016" docId="40752870FFFF2C08F15BFF5D06E19DD4" docLanguage="en" docName="Senn_Peter_Sclerotinia_AscomyceteOrg 08-05.pdf" docOrigin="Ascomycete. org 8 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Sclerotinia Fuckel 1870" docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="BC4C5008FFFA2C0DF35EFFDB03459E61" masterDocTitle="Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi, a new species from the Alps" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="235" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1643504022143" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi, a new species from the Alps</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Beatrice Senn-Irlet</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Martina Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Ascomycete. org</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2016-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>8</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>235</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>240</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1040189</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">0f9ef5f7-ffca-4a86-bfd7-3e88af0a577b</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1040189</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="135559565" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40752870FFFF2C08F15BFF5D06E19DD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40752870FFFF2C08F15BFF5D06E19DD4" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[517,1070,134,160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" box="[517,1070,134,160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[517,1070,134,160]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" reason="0">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[517,1070,134,160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
Key of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[587,698,134,160]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[587,698,134,160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">Sclerotinia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species from arctic-alpine habitats
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="240" type="key">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" box="[132,1443,198,219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,158,198,219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
Asci with four ascospores .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
2
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" box="[132,1443,227,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
1b Asci with eight ascospores .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
3
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
2a Ascospores 22–27 × 8–10 Μm; on leaf base of
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[618,814,267,288]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[618,814,267,288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">Ranunculus glacialis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, fruiting shortly after snow melting .............................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="F. Graf & T. Schumach." authorityName="F. Graf & T. Schumach." box="[1114,1445,296,317]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1114,1223,296,317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">S. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||||
F. Graf & T. Schumach.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" box="[132,1445,324,345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,159,324,345]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">2b</emphasis>
|
||||
Ascospores 10–15 × 5.6–8 Μm, on previous year stems of
|
||||
<emphasis box="[732,935,324,345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">Rubus chamaemorus</emphasis>
|
||||
...............
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Holst-Jensen & T. Schumach." authorityName="Holst-Jensen & T. Schumach." box="[1024,1445,324,345]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tetraspora">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1024,1157,324,345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">S. tetraspora</emphasis>
|
||||
Holst-Jensen & T. Schumach.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,158,365,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">3a</emphasis>
|
||||
Ascospores in size dimorphic, (10) 12–18 × 6–10 Μm including small spores; frequently on leguminous hosts, fruiting in summer in alpine environments ........................................................................................................................................................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Erikss" authorityName="Erikss" box="[1242,1441,393,414]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="trifoliorum">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1242,1378,393,414]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">S. trifoliorum</emphasis>
|
||||
Erikss
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" box="[132,1443,422,443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,159,422,443]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">3b</emphasis>
|
||||
Ascospores not dimorphic .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
4
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
4a Ascospores 14–21 × 6–9 Μm, subfusiform; on a variety of hosts, most frequently on
|
||||
<emphasis box="[991,1027,462,483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">Poa</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1076,1149,462,483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">Festuca</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1161,1242,462,483]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">Poaceae</emphasis>
|
||||
) .........................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Bubak & Vleugel" authorityName="Bubak & Vleugel" box="[1170,1443,491,512]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1170,1277,491,512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">S. borealis</emphasis>
|
||||
Bubak & Vleugel
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" box="[132,1443,520,541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,160,520,541]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">4b</emphasis>
|
||||
Ascospores elliptic, oval, not subfusiform ...........................................................................................................................................................................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
5
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
5a Ectal excipulum at margin of apothecium composed of globose cells, asci arising from croziers, ascospores 8–17 (–20) × 5–7 (9) Μm, with four nuclei, apothecia arising singly from each sclerotium ....................................................................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Jagger" authorityName="Jagger" box="[1286,1443,589,610]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1286,1371,589,610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">S. minor</emphasis>
|
||||
Jagger
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,159,618,639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">5b</emphasis>
|
||||
Ectal excipulum at margin of apothecium composed of prosenchymatic cells oriented perpendicular to the apothecial surface, asci with or without croziers, ascospores with 2(–4) nuclei, apothecia arising singly or multiply from a sclerotium .............................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
6
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
6a Ascospores up to 5 Μm wide, asci without croziers, ascospores 9.2–11.7 × 3.8–5.0 Μm, medullary excipulum 150–300 Μm thick; sclerotia in axenic culture 0.6–4 mm diam.; on various dicots .........................................................................................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Saito" authorityName="Saito" box="[1298,1443,715,736]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1298,1389,715,736]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">S. nivalis</emphasis>
|
||||
Saito
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" box="[132,1443,744,765]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,159,744,765]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">6b</emphasis>
|
||||
Ascospores up to 7 Μm wide, asci with croziers, sclerotia in axenic culture 2–15 (–30) mm diam. apothecia 2–12 mm diam. ..........
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
7
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
7a Ascospores 9–13.5 (–15) × 4–6.5 (–7) Μm, mean Q> 2, with usually 2 small (ca 1 Μm diam) lipid bodies, with two nuclei, medullary excipulum 150–700 Μm thick, faintly to distinctly blueing in IKI; sclerotia in the soil without evident connection to the host plant, small to large, 4–25 × 2–10 mm, various host plants...............................................................................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Lib.) De Bary" authorityName="(Lib.) De Bary" box="[1153,1443,842,863]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sclerotiorum">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1153,1307,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">S. sclerotiorum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lib.) De Bary
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="5.[132,1446,134,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,160,871,892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">7b</emphasis>
|
||||
Ascospores 9.5–12 × 5–6.5 Μm, mean Q <2, without lipid bodies, with 2(–4?) nuclei, sclerotia on and within host plant bracts, small, 4–8 × 1.5–4 mm, warty, medullary excipulum 40–250 Μm thick, not blueing in IKI, on
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1069,1288,900,921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1069,1288,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis box="[170,1444,928,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1239,1444,928,949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1239,1444,928,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="240">S. cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
86
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Normal file
86
data/40/75/33/4075334551EB31DFDD9B4835FA8AC116.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
|||
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<mods:identifier id="CF0C9C1CD2501D759C5D59A03C6FDD8D" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--8013</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph id="EED30CF7C5958BF647C0103406A87DF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4569E6350C29AD817F2EB965F52D1F89" ID-CoL="6HFZH" authority="Walker, 1832" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytoma apicalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Eurytoma apicalis Walker, 1832</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E971B8E16BEF5001010201654DAD05DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E5B2705FE15338F2D4A3EB970099EF7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A3C697791DF06053D038D4F44066E5F1" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytoma apicalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Eurytoma apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
?
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="29FAA999CCBE007E3339A114D20E4F89" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea annulipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="annulipes">annulipes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Walker, 1832
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="96A7B0E819908DA9388ADF24D8319DF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8067B886060ECE92E51C6899193EAB4F" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytoma apicalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Eurytoma apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
?
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9F8867C4F2FC50EBC69FC32CEAB7B5F0" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Walker, 1832
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D55AA7A61C0982D8F66952A69E5CB110" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FAB5A3C014C44B88C9C326B656D011E" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurytoma apicalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Eurytoma apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
?
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7D90CA14E33CAED15669DCB691F4A83F" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Boheman, 1836
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
107
data/40/75/8F/40758F4852B88EA9C062BEF66A763E4D.xml
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107
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.153.2031" ID-GBIF-Dataset="137eae84-096a-4638-acfc-be94a65f6c78" ID-PMC="PMC3238045" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-153-73" ID-PubMed="22287911" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-153-73" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 153" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Tovlinius Zaitzev, from China, with a key to the genera of Bombyliinae from China and a second key to the world species (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae, Bombyliini)" checkinTime="1451249502619" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yao, Gang, Yang, Ding & Evenhuis, Neal L." docDate="2011" docId="40758F4852B88EA9C062BEF66A763E4D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 153: 73-80" docOrigin="ZooKeys 153" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.153.2031" docTitle="Tovlinius turriformis Yao, Yang & Evenhuis, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="D820D924ED5DFF95FFF4FFD9FFDB7B32" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Tovlinius Zaitzev, from China, with a key to the genera of Bombyliinae from China and a second key to the world species (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae, Bombyliini)" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="73" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1668152968453" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Tovlinius Zaitzev, from China, with a key to the genera of Bombyliinae from China and a second key to the world species (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae, Bombyliini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yao, Gang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Ding</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Evenhuis, Neal L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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||||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>153</mods:number>
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<mods:start>73</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.153.2031</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-153-73</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032602" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EEDE376A-9368-4247-9403-38A795B35FEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40758F4852B88EA9C062BEF66A763E4D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EEDE376A-9368-4247-9403-38A795B35FEB" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Tovlinius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tovlinius turriformis" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turriformis">Tovlinius turriformis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 8-14
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Antenna black except joints brown, first flagellomere elongate with sparse white scales. Scutellum with long white hairs, posterior edge with white bristles. Wing uniformly weak brown; base of vein C with brush-like long black bristles, white hairs, and white scales. Dorsum of abdomen with long dense white erect hairs and white bristles laterally, hairs and bristles becoming denser apically; legs yellow except femora black; haltere black. Epandrium trapezoidal in lateral view, almost parallel-sided in dorsal view; epiphallus turriform in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Male. Body length 10 mm, wing length 9 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Head black. Hairs on head black and white; frons narrowing distally, with long dense black and white erect hairs; face with long dense white erect hairs; occiput with long dense white erect hairs and long sparse black hairs. Antenna black except joints brown; scape elongate with long dense black and white scales; first flagellomere elongate with sparse white scales, and tip with a stylus. Proboscis black, nearly five times longer than head.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Thorax black with brown pollen. Hairs on thorax mostly white; postpronotal lobe with long dense white hairs, mesonotum with sparse long white hairs; anepisternum and katepisternum with long dense white hairs. Scutellum black with long white hairs, posterior edge with white bristles. Legs yellow except femora black. Hairs on legs mostly yellow, bristles yellow, scales white. Femora with dense white hairs and scales; tibiae and tarsi with short yellow hairs and white scales. Hind femur with three ad, three av, and three pv. Fore tibia with seven ad, eight pd, five av, and six pv; mid tibia with seven ad, seven pd, eight av, and six pv; hind tibia with eight ad, seven pd, seven av, and six pv. Wing (Fig. 8) uniformly weak brown. Vein r-m close to tip of cell dm, cell r5 closed. Base of vein C with brush-like long black bristles, white hairs, and white scales. Haltere black.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Abdomen black. Hairs on abdomen mostly white; dorsum with long dense white erect hairs and lateral surface with white bristles that become denser apically, tergites 4-7 with some black bristles laterally. Sternites with long dense white hairs.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Male genitalia (Figs 9-14). Epandrium trapezoidal, distinctly higher than long, slightly wider than long in dorsal view; cercus well exposed in lateral view; gonocoxite distinctly narrowing apically in ventral view; gonostylus oval, its tip acute in lateral view; epiphallus turriform, obtuse at tip in dorsal view, epiphallus with a narrow, long, and curved tip in lateral view.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Female. Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
|
||||
Holotype male, CHINA: Sichuan, Maerkang (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="31.905832">31°54'21"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="102.20638">102°12'23"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), 30.VII.1986, Tianqi Wang (SEMCAS).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="77" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">China (Sichuan).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Etymology. The species epithet derives from the Latin "turri [=tower, turret] + formis" [= form]; referring to the tower-like shape of the epiphallus.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Tovlinius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tovlinius turriformis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turriformis">Tovlinius turriformis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Tovlinius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tovlinius albissimus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albissimus">Tovlinius albissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Zaitzev, but it can be separated from the latter by the following points: Antenna black except joints brown; legs yellow except femora black, mostly covered with yellow hairs and bristles, and white scales; haltere black; epandrium almost parallel-sided in dorsal view. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Tovlinius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tovlinius albissimus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albissimus">Tovlinius albissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the basal two antennal segments are yellow; the legs are yellow and covered with the white scales; the halteres are pale yellow; the epandrium is distinctly narrowing toward the tip in dorsal view (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Zaitzev, VF" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="116 - 119" title="[A new genus of bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae) from the Palaearctic]." volume="88" year="1979">Zaitzev 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
|
||||
Figures 8-14.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Tovlinius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tovlinius turriformis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turriformis">Tovlinius turriformis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. wing and male genitalia 8 wing, dorsal view 9 epandrium and cercus, dorsal view 10 epandrium and cercus, lateral view 11 gonocoxite and gonostylus, lateral view 12 phallus, dorsal view 13 phallus, lateral view 14 gonocoxite and gonostyli, ventral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
423
data/40/75/99/407599A19958667C10123AF0DFD13FF7.xml
Normal file
423
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|
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D241034C897C0898DC64BBADAB91C93D">Emmrich, Mike</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="40A794458AAAA19CC5C21FF0E22C5062" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="325F3F5A6C8CEC2F7C9568B4445E08BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="22C9839BC3841B511CF54FC617E76976">Kouame, N'Goran Germain</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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<mods:roleTerm id="24103C7C273DCE79178033EB24CED50F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="CAFA7B37DFF9667C33A6CBFDAB09B78F">Hillers, Annika</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="4EBFD5821E8639D6719CECC1DD3065F4">Gonwouo, Nono L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
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||||
</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="68EB26EEA4AC60BD2521EDB2FE7DCD41">Nopper, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5FA1101DE943B01D70EEBC38B74802E">Adeba, Patrick Joel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2BE3CF5254F2A6B7853A00614674C086">Bangoura, Mohamed A.</mods:namePart>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2EDC6D9177D83B0D59DF959096315517">Gage, Ceri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4FBCC3278D9AE2E3538DAB83A61CD6D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="93292686DE9454186006730EA93040A5">Anderson, Gail</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="AC35A87F9ECF7B04A93F14103B667FC1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7CB6CCF10112CDB852AE4A824313CFBA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="3BE06C137C876FA8B4EF0476DE40D9DA">Roedel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9EAB50C41A8D14B3E9A3D3F9ED1A5E05">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="86BB18374B025B1BB6815862F1F3C439">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0D515DA5DF2BA00C751437C50EDF29EB">
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<mods:date id="60B3967803FC68F4939B338106CD8ECA">2015</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="33D3135B70CBD69E24777995D6FB51F2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="74D8470EE81EB22EAEAA588E711A4A12">91</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C2B8BAD568EE18623AE69F99B3FC5291" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A10ACBF09D4C4238D7913E2CC93747B5">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="008D59D6AA972ECF7BD5BAF5F03C9771">115</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="621FCF4F5EF962D50B84D80FBF1AC1B7">149</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:url id="B8E100E4ECACAF5CC867EE86888C73FC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5127</mods:url>
|
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</mods:location>
|
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<mods:classification id="202CA2EEAAA549EDB6472BFB88135611">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="397BE79B1D6B7765411DA693B3F843EF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5127</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="969A4E897CC08A1B585E658275A678D5" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-115</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F89095EBAC3B3DCB97FECC08211D4274" type="ZooBank">976CE346480942C284D3414EABFD2217</mods:identifier>
|
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<treatment id="407599A19958667C10123AF0DFD13FF7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127890132" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:542C46CE-2B91-41AC-8314-5F84469AED04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/407599A19958667C10123AF0DFD13FF7" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
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<subSubSection id="9A1E1B5C2E343F43C676B0C2DD379F63" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2909221F3261F0A1532F6DA9BB6C4963" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">Taxon classification Animalia Anura Odontobatrachidae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AD6224EC304032EAD17DD8D7F3DED917" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7FD0DBE952B8148473C2D4FC2B29BE88" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C6A48D6295ED8578FB9A4CBF95751D7E" ID-CoL="48P5D" LSID="http://zoobank.org/542C46CE-2B91-41AC-8314-5F84469AED04" authority="Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Sandberger-Loua, Emmrich, Adeba & Roedel" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">
|
||||
Odontobatrachus arndti Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Sandberger-Loua, Emmrich, Adeba &
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1ED0DDE27BE5F8C549A6105AD8045B0C" originalValue="Rödel">Roedel</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51CDC7F7E37732B05FB3DCBFA3D53457" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="78C3F03C7D1114314C78114E7DB6CA89" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="801D343C4E6CED0EAF0F1276107A3C5B" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E04C592B3D3A2EA09ED1C099571D91F" LSID="http://zoobank.org/542C46CE-2B91-41AC-8314-5F84469AED04" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
OTU4 sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1A1C16DFE85A63B60E2313C9612A5D63" author="Barej, MF" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" title="Multiple genetic lineages challenge the monospecific status of the West African endemic frog-family Odontobatrachidae." url="10.1186/s12862-015-0346-9" volume="15" year="2015">Barej et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="93D42E49A1261F5AAE0F17FF66115CEC" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph id="53FBB61FF41CB674F621E0C477EB5301" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B29EF35845BB86CACC100F98E171CCFC" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">ZMB 78355 (male), Republic of Guinea, Nimba Mts., River Mandey (Latitude: 7.64786; Longitude: -8.42397), 694 m a.s.l., 18 June 2009, coll. L. Sandberger-Loua and J. Doumbia.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="59F86FF4DC3D0AD99E4199824CE24863" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="paratypes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="943AB217BBDEECEDE4D3643666812366" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="342B431027416D3F8F21A3F2EA3351C8" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
Guinea: MHNG 2731.49 (male), ZMB 78356 (female),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="78E0CB37DE3578E30DD8A2C12FB4AF4E" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.65; -8.42), 670 m a.s.l., 18 June 2009; MHNG 2731.50, ZMB 78357 (2 females),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="69FA81152B35A54B26940763C1D78E50" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.63; -8.41), 1121 m a.s.l., 4 November 2011; ZFMK 95467 (female), ZFMK 95468 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="47B745AE4435E6168BC1E896813F0A24" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.65; -8.42), 674 m a.s.l., 2 January 2011; ZMB 78354 (female), same data as holotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FCF10B36B9E5E75B176C3A345EE32FD7" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9A8DDAFC5AAFDF91701EB1FB7B134CE8" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6BAA53249CB317A073FB10873B1CE2EE" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CB71B8CA46F8560838B04C1C93406F38" originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2C6A146E89403E001E168CE38E2EA902" originalValue="d’Ivoire">d'Ivoire</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: ZMB 78326, ZMB 78329 (3 females), ZMB 78327-8 (2 males), Dix-Huit Montagnes Region (7.85; -7.39), app. 500 m a.s.l. Liberia: ZMB 78332 (male), Nimba County (7.56; -8.64), 647 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78333-35 (3 males), Nimba County (7.48; -8.58), 513 m a.s.l. Guinea: ZMB 78336 (female), ZMB 78337-39 (3 males),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="51DA2205C6758924C46495DA8A7873F4" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.61; -8.27), 400 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78340-41 (2 females),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DDDB0D0E507AEADE7F8FA6B8F76C35BA" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.61; -8.26), 460 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78342 (juvenile),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="12417C4E549EAF9455302BD7649D94B1" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.70; -8.40), 751 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78343, ZMB 78345 (2 females), ZMB 78344, ZMB 78346 (2 males),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D0499A8285B67128F60F7206B0EB27A8" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.70; -8.40), 760 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78347 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="343BF79DBC5628356C103F675035D6EA" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.71; -8.41), 518 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78348 (male), ZMB 78349 (female),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8DE76B865E3553205D829A4F98A7C780" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.70; -8.40), 764 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78350-1 (2 females), ZMB 78352 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B70863539DB02BD706D8472648B1E9C0" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.68; -8.39), 1027 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78353 (juvenile),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="08894217E26E25694BBFC655B6A4841F" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.65; -8.42), 670 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78358-59 (2 males),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6FB4BE26EC312A52809BDB2B5AEC5343" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.65; -8.34), 577 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78360 (female), ZMB 78361 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="643D63E380C65495CD6CE4D2A5F41860" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.65; -8.36), 815 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78362 (female), ZMB 78363 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C039A714B61518974B0C923D52ACAECF" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.63; -8.35), 652 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78364, ZMB 78367 (2 females), ZMB 78365-6 (2 males),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BAF22BB7295D1BBA3BDFBA24A6B501F0" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.65; -8.37), 949 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78368 (female), ZMB 78369 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="87A42F5AB48D2FC400DC6000512B7C52" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.67; -8.37), 1317 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78370 (male), ZMB 78371 (female),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="59193BF872C72C01AC002F05D919C918" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.67; -8.37), 1234 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78372 (female), ZMB 78373 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="CB328D5F25039D335122F42CCC9100A8" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.62; -8.42), 1154 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78374 (female), ZMB 78375 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F346D20F47D6853A762DE03721639999" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.62; -8.45), 701 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78376 (female), ZMB 78377 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="987630AB6B5EA38E43BA9ABD787BB6E8" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.63; -8.44), 750 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78378 (female), ZMB 78379 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="54D3BADE9E54FF6E57176F3A34E8AC74" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.67; -8.35), 786 m a.s.l.; ZMB 78380 (female), ZMB 78381 (male),
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A079B6D6FD3FACE156A51D22977BD2B6" originalValue="N’Zérékoré">N'Zerekore</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Region (7.67; -8.40), 998 m a.s.l.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="65E4CDCD923FC20C86EAA2E380A00D75" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A1D9D851322AC5E9A41F0775BAA2CD97" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3019EC95B04214DEC4D3724EE26ED555" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
Medium to large sized frogs, robust body shape; head narrow, highest eye diameter/eye-naris-distance ratio in the family, low mean tympanum diameter orbita diameter ratio, webbing almost fully developed, leaving 0.25-0.5 of the distal phalange free at the inner side of toe II, leaving 0.75-1 of the distal phalange free at toe IV, belly pattern very variable, glandular lines on tibia contain mean conic glands forming frequently interrupted lines. Genetically
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="116F452CA31DF1B209E2A2E7B0B3B325" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs by a minimum of 2.89% in the mitochondrial 16S gene from its congeners.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AF0B52B960998A862F65E67241D35506" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="93228AD9401A7E10B299B40C09198109" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9ACB135BA7F4463E7BDF472A3F619CEC" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DB58E4D7D80FF1848AB3F318EC140BAD" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters (characters distinguishing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E61C2631E25AEEC408A73E95C2100EEE" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
vs.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A851EC459CBB22898593A81ED0FD5C14" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus ziama" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ziama">Odontobatrachus ziama</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="20791FC74840AE732DF3C40DF3CA70B8" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus smithi" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">Odontobatrachus smithi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E039A1ED4AADC5D914D5DCEEF4432D41" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
see above; for all significant differences see Table 5): male
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="963171A14BEF183EAB0ECCFE553431FF" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differ from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F1E1394AB0B48F4023112FB609449F7" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the following ratios (Table 1): larger TI/SUL, FL/SUL, O/EN and smaller HW/SUL, TD/O, IT/FL, TD/SUL in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C93F8034C597E6DF0646C56754AFB645" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34FD1A8ACCB69756194C472ACB5C6D2B" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; female
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7DD772F822966736BB76E094B62C9FC3" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differ from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D691D8DC7B73750A2B399FCC8AA91955" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the following ratios (Table 2): smaller FM/TI, HW/SUL and O/EN larger in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="03A8FE1B3D1F6761280F239879904B49" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DF0E2F89D80F624543073393CC1318CC" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Webbing formulae are very similar in the two species (Table 7). Glandular lines on tibia contain small to mean conic glands forming hardly interrupted lines in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5023E53C14E46ED2681A48BFC220B50A" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 12b, c), while similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42F3ADBB918787F98B3E69848CA42717" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus fouta" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fouta">Odontobatrachus fouta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
small to large glands form more or less interrupted lines in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69BFB71CE8B8BF61A442FC073EE14676" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="741BA7306545006F39E8EF8C1574F190" originalValue="a–e">a-e</normalizedToken>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D3C478FB3F2F2D6C646C71F2D1B94347" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="genetics">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB86DFA1FBBD385EB44E901F6EB8EB5C" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">Genetics.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CBDDED1E0FDE007EB75B7E333C690C76" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
The species is genetically well differentiated from all congeners and known populations form a well-supported and monophyletic clade (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A444425931369F6650DAF09594040D15" author="Barej, MF" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" title="Multiple genetic lineages challenge the monospecific status of the West African endemic frog-family Odontobatrachidae." url="10.1186/s12862-015-0346-9" volume="15" year="2015">Barej et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Uncorrected 16S p-distances between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CD277BEAE2C99FA11F39CB15DBE47A55" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A859B891981EC99C71AB1ACAF42E1C6" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Odontobatrachus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species range from 2.89-5.55%, while maximum intrataxon differences of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E0D4321FC666CCFDDDE4F2B4545DA52" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
add up to 0.58% (mean value 0.05%; N = 861; Appendix 1: Table A).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6125BCE861E02CD038192ED244F68046" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="19" pageNumber="134" type="holotype description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="469A348473BAA37B6284E16D00A77ED2" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">Holotype description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F07E65B518B77F86621E57FA30EA2709" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="19" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
The male holotype has been assigned to this taxon in both DCA analyses (absolute values and ratios). The holotype is an adult male with a slightly robust body (Fig. 11): snout-urostyle length of 48.8 mm; head width 17.1 mm; head slightly longer than broad; snout in lateral view short, flattened and rounded at the snout tip; snout in dorsal view triangular, rounded; lower jaw with sharp tusk-like prolonga
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="6E4CC9E62A66F93457FFFD9EA157CC5C" pageId="20" pageNumber="135" start="start">tions</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
protruding the skin and single triangular knob at lower jaw symphysis, corresponding socket in between premaxillae; upper premaxillae and maxillae with numerous teeth, posteriorly curved; vomerine teeth present, arranged in two small odontophores, closer to each other than to choanae; tongue broadly heart shaped; horizontal eye diameter 7.6 mm; interorbital distance 5.2 mm; pupil horizontally elliptical; eye diameter distinctly larger than tympanum diameter; tympanum distinct (horizontal diameter 2.7 mm); nares closer to snout than to eye; snout shorter than eye diameter; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region concave; paired lateral vocal sacs; forelimbs robust, forearms hypertrophied, fingers slender; prepollex absent; relative finger lengths III>IV>II>I; velvety nuptial excrescences weakly developed on finger I; subarticular tubercles large, subconical; supernumerary tubercles absent; fingertips dilated, triangular, notched in the middle; femur length 24.6 mm; tibia length 26.3 mm; femoral glands large (length
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FC1877D1E30DF48A30D49FCD15A0FE92" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
width: left: 12.9
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8D1A296762DC254E4EC998BACCB9E8F5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
8.0 mm, right: 13.1
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8C3C854DA972CE5F994E942580588E18" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7.8
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="39C09E3021140E9BF68DB177065FEBDD" pageId="21" pageNumber="136" start="start">mm</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
); femoral glands positioned on the posterior part of the ventral side of femur; relation femoral gland length to femur length: 0.53; minuscule circular glands running along upper side of tibia; foot length (incl. longest toe) 34.9 mm; relative toe lengths IV>III>V>II>I; shortest toe 6.4 mm; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical; toe tips broadened forming triangular dilated discs; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent (3.8 mm); number of subconical subarticular tubercles on toes I-V: 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; supernumerary tubercles absent; prominent skin fold on posterior side of feet; dorsal skin texture heterogeneous; dorsum and flanks covered with slender dorsal ridges of app. 2.5-3.5 mm (partially flattened); venter with fine granulation; flank texture rough and granular as dorsum; webbing fully developed (0-0/0-1/0-0.75/0.75-0); webbing between toes hardly concave. Damage of the male holotype: cut at pectoral region (liver tissue sampled) and skin cut on right lumbar region (in ventral view); glandular dorsal ridges partially not recognisable due to preservation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="230916306EA3608CF4074519B1932CE1" pageId="21" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<paragraph id="01EE386B888E4D357A79D10A359C13E5" pageId="21" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
Figure 11. Male holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2CD0CD29B20A418CB60D684C2ACD80C0" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. (ZMB 78355) in ventral and dorsal view (top from left to right, scale bar: 10 mm); head in lateral view, details of pedal webbing, details of hand (bottom left to right, scale bar: 5 mm).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0C500AE476E95B4465187F3CCFCB5BFC" pageId="21" pageNumber="136" type="colouration of holotype in alcohol">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8E2C89BED041A82148EFDB020698AC6A" pageId="21" pageNumber="136">Colouration of holotype in alcohol</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D6A4A612A1FE246F619FC23A688FDEB4" pageId="21" pageNumber="136">(Fig. 11). Dorsum dark brownish, few paler marblings; hind limbs coloured as dorsum; throat pale with few darker marblings; venter pale, area around incision darker; pale colouration between axillaries and elbows, femoral glands pale, clearly silhouetted from femora, with blurred minuscule reticulation; femora and tibia pale as belly.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BED2062FFC93CC7978EF176112331548" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="21" pageNumber="136" type="variation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="586B94C35D1816ADE60B7872ABC23092" pageId="21" pageNumber="136">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7E8C7E1DC94FF25B2F82E9116E02B4B" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="21" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
Females are significantly larger than males (SUL: Z = -4.933, p <0.001, Nmales = 26, Nfemales = 24), max SUL in females 64.0 mm and 53.6 mm in males, and consequently possess longer extremities (FM: Z = -3.894, p <0.001; TI: Z = -4.458, p <0.001; FL: Z = -4.264, p <0.001), broader heads (HW: Z = -4.090, p <0.001), longer snouts (EN: Z = -2.678, p <0.01; ES: Z = -2.906, p <0.01) and larger eyes (Z = -2.779, p <0.01), larger TD (Z = -2.214, p <0.05). However, ratios are predominantly similar between the two sexes, although males show higher values in FL/SUL (Z = -2.214, p <0.05), FM/SUL (Z = -2.932, p <0.01), FM/TI (Z = -3.010, p <0.01) and HW/SUL (Z = -4.136, p <0.001). Both sexes possess enlarged tusk-like prolongations in the lower jaw as well as the name-bearing
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DD63B1773FF6A309868F37E599B493BB" originalValue="‘teeth’">'teeth'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
on the upper jaw. Male secondary sexual characters are femoral glands, velvety nuptial excrescences on finger I and presence of vocal sacs. Webbing formulae showed little variance (Table 7). However, some specimen possess a more extensive webbing on toe IV (0.5/0.5). Dorsal ridges are elongated and slender (Fig. 12
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="283CBF8BD589E19FFDF4A3327E77E1CD" originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Number of distinct dorsal ridges (counted from spine to flank) ranges between three and six, usually four to five ridges per body site. Glandular ridges on tibia usually are built of small to mean conic glands and form hardly interrupted lines (Fig. 12b, c). However, both characters were not recognisable due to preservation artefacts in many specimens. Dorsal colouration (in life) varies from almost black, beige with reddish-brown spots ar
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="CD8CEB80F8614AFA496A8DAD35FC6309" pageId="22" pageNumber="137" start="start">ranged</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
in longitudinal lines (Fig. 12;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CE4C588C84BA7C4F4807CD2C7E456613" author="Guibe, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" pagination="241 - 273" title="La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba. XII. Batraciens (sauf Arthroleptis, Phrynobatrachus et Hyperolius)." volume="53" year="1958">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3D34E679DEDAE3229B660BD661C5EDD1" originalValue="Guibé">Guibe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Lamotte 1958
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EDA0C16E9A6830306104A29C45501F79" author="Roedel, M-O" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" pagination="201 - 232" title="A conservation assessment of amphibians in the Foret Classee du Pic de Fon, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (AmphibiaAnuraRanidae)." url="10.1080/03946975.2004.10531206" volume="17" year="2004">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EF5D959994EF18A1A0076179B4F7E88B" originalValue="Rödel">Roedel</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Bangoura 2004
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Male femoral glands are yellow (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6937FD23909BDF28632A2765FB627A74" author="Roedel, M-O" journalOrPublisher="Salamandra" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" pagination="91 - 110" title="The amphibians of Mont Sangbe National Park, Ivory Coast." volume="39" year="2003">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="6428CA4B64016F69B1447FDA68E8E6E8" originalValue="Rödel">Roedel</normalizedToken>
|
||||
2003
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Belly colouration (in alcohol) is very variable, ranging from completely whitish, dirty whitish, a distinct reticulation pattern, dark throat with marbling on belly, marbling on throat and belly blurring to paler colouration posteriorly, to completely dark throat and belly, showing no sex-dependant differentiation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="278DF9C953DF399FCE43D283C351D602" pageId="22" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A65BFC3AB3898FE93E18F41191AE1CD" pageId="22" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
Figure 12.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="562BAE4F3C623E98E59439F4780FBD54" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. in life: a) and c) Nimba Mts, Guinea; b) Mt.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1A17511C1B8B54F1C74DB91D70F75F31" originalValue="Sangbé">Sangbe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="273FDB747070D38CEBF6C113389D9380" originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="70BC12BEA25080E2AAF2428BFCB8C274" originalValue="d’Ivoire">d'Ivoire</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Non vouchered specimens. Note parasitic mites (minuscule red dots) close to the cloaca in (c).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8AC6841EB631E6D11785712D4F498872" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="22" pageNumber="137" type="acoustics">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A361E9140712A0F57B7297424F9C8FD7" pageId="22" pageNumber="137">Acoustics.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="99251B6E11E1E9953B177A1775734102" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="22" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
Three calls of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B143F67BBCFAB379DD416EB6422359F" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were recorded from specimens in terraria. Calls sound like a repeat of
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DC00121F54F8372A547FA7A639693735" originalValue="“chucks”">"chucks"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, consisting of several tonal notes. Two harmonics were visible (Fig. 13), the second harmonic being the dominant frequency (2842.4-3359.2 Hz), the first being the fundamental frequency (1421.2-1679.6 Hz). The call duration ranged from 1.2 to 3.0 s. One call comprised 22 notes (Fig. 13a) and the other two comprised five notes each (Fig. 13b). Each note had a duration of 34.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A8F4AFE8E4E7BD56D5520F27BB4962B3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.01 ms (N = 32). The notes were separated from each other by pauses of 238.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5504457B8B27DA7B9C869AC3437F12EF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.01 ms (N = 12) with the two calls comprising five notes (Fig. 13b). Pause duration in the third call (22 notes) was decreasing from 160.0 to 67.0 ms from the beginning towards the end of the call (Fig. 13a).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CCBB127D96D6A913FE947F1A60ACA46A" author="Roedel, M-O" journalOrPublisher="Salamandra" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" pagination="91 - 110" title="The amphibians of Mont Sangbe National Park, Ivory Coast." volume="39" year="2003">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B403ADF29EAC1A8EC55496F3AF6446A0" originalValue="Rödel’s">Roedel's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(2003)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
anecdotal report of a
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="2F0B5EAF2FE219EEF3CB5F3423763EDA" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" start="start">torrent</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
frog call from Mt.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E128C52AB8C20DC7F690EF7A9C8108A4" originalValue="Sangbé">Sangbe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7A3957069103FAF8C509D228BEDEFFB3" originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C3FA913CDBE6F2E42D4F5349D80CFC80" originalValue="d’Ivoire">d'Ivoire</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) comprising a series of click sounds with ever-shorter intervals corresponds to the second call type (22 notes).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="E0B8E05D5BCD6520272061315F60465D" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AE2AE5D8A8AFD4C25C18FB1AAD35DC70" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Figure 13. Spectrogram and oscillogram of two calls of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DA51793B2366C036B83FEC2C4BF064A0" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. from Nimba Mts., Guinea with a dominant frequency of app. 2800-3400 Hz, a fundamental frequency of app. 1400-1700 Hz and 22 notes showing decreasing pause duration between notes (a) and 5 notes with constant pauses between notes (b).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D82BA4CA6265C1FDBD37BA310CDCD37F" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="712CFD9C872F1906FE58ED866EAC0E15" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C00D19EAE6501189248727A68212E86B" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4FB8631920CA516D2DFEEAE2D3F60F23" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known to occur on the Nimba Mts. in Guinea and Liberia, the adjacent areas at Mt. Gangra (Liberia) and
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="118CCCA9367AAF6248D95621BBCB8816" originalValue="Déré">Dere</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Guinea), as well as the Mt.
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EFA0972FB042B739DF97C263135D0B82" originalValue="Sangbé">Sangbe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in western
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D4992710C4347FCDB6DF4FB3D07269B5" originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5691A0D0D1DF8587BEC2702A80C424B5" originalValue="d’Ivoire">d'Ivoire</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Fig. 1). This taxon represents the easternmost representative of the family. Localities at the southern end of the Nimba Mts. and along Mt. Gangra are in very close proximity to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EEA54FEA9BBFD06467D93C50C1D7743B" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus natator" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">Odontobatrachus natator</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Both species inhabit similar altitudes at the foot of the Nimba Mts. However, at present no differing habitat requirements or ecological adaptations are known (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="6BD87386ECEDED3CB40A69C413E841E9" author="Barej, MF" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" title="Multiple genetic lineages challenge the monospecific status of the West African endemic frog-family Odontobatrachidae." url="10.1186/s12862-015-0346-9" volume="15" year="2015">Barej et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), which could explain their spatial separation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AFA1511D98540E2DFB2F764FA469229A" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="68023D64A7493171E4663BA941E0EA17" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2D63B422714568C2C99623E68E62CCD8" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">The species epithet arndti was chosen in order to honour Prof. emerit. Dr. Rudolf G. Arndt, New Jersey USA, for his trust in young academics and his invaluable support of this study.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5F06082230E5C8EA101CCBA701B1C74C" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" type="common name">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2E1AD6460F65CEA439B60C5345A7A9FE" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">Common name.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DCB9A9223E3EF83E41CD434FC143AEF5" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
We advise to use the term
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="283ED89A67AF94027EC922DDF34C670D" originalValue="‘‘Arndt’s">''Arndt's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5DBB782BEF60B701630DB768E0248A81" originalValue="torrent-frog’’">torrent-frog''</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in English and
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="BA3EB23D8D868D22CABCCB7C8406F505" originalValue="‘‘">''</normalizedToken>
|
||||
grenouilles des torrents
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="07A2EC7C4546F55BF8FC0B77607564FB" originalValue="d’Arndt”">d'Arndt"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
in French.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F1C8F61AEFE04CFE282C1F41435F715E" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" type="conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="62B4DD04409BCB50CA0E7C52FE00607A" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F422534960A8F6B16A9B1876435506CC" pageId="23" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Both, the EOO of 2595 km2 and the AOO of 156 km2 classify
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5273A396904FFE648BC728B8B554BE8F" class="Amphibia" family="Odontobatrachidae" genus="Odontobatrachus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontobatrachus arndti" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arndti">Odontobatrachus arndti</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as "Endangered (EN)" (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F075572406D4EA42D507E81AD5F8599" author="Barej, MF" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="140" title="Multiple genetic lineages challenge the monospecific status of the West African endemic frog-family Odontobatrachidae." url="10.1186/s12862-015-0346-9" volume="15" year="2015">Barej et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
82
data/40/75/B1/4075B120E58350EBA9DDF71EF3238ED1.xml
Normal file
82
data/40/75/B1/4075B120E58350EBA9DDF71EF3238ED1.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
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|||
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<mods:namePart id="E2D73788113BF965DF8DA378272541C3">Noyes, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0EF6676AB7E54627DBD61685B92DDC4A">Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="C92FBBE8CAC5BFAB7F9D727CD6FD52AF" ID-CoL="42CBB" authority="Mercet, 1917" authorityName="Mercet" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Metaphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaphycus zebratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">Metaphycus zebratus (Mercet, 1917)</taxonomicName>
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3F7F6C0023DA7651609E999CABE6E72" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphycus zebratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">Aphycus zebratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Mercet, 1917
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F88CB73A5F42AB4F6EC805176EDC470" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="32CF5BA4E627696BF9556493BFE682AB" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea parvus" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="parvus">parvus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Mercet, 1921,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DCEB16CDE817995CF0E926FACAC43588" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphycus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphycus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection id="9556234D2D782DC6F3A5CDA15A9BCC58" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1B85F8FB3B7D5B654FB198B9B1745904" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BD8AB78CD892F454BF537852F1C4F655" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">England, Wales</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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