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Adelius erythronotus (
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, 1851)
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, 1851
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(Beirne, 1945,
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)
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(Tobias, 1966,
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<taxonomicName id="0826EC38183F7E67AB46B4690EA4B6F4" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Acoelius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acoelius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acoelius</taxonomicName>
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)
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<paragraph id="4937E3BA904C3751EF7DB5C673FA39B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB4626F8EFB0388594907BBA1BE428D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">England, Ireland</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="C5719C590ECFA00479DCC00FF8A69190" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60F8A2E36DB9EC746F58A4EBFE6CEC6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
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<taxonomicName id="933D6CCD28C442455D63E66A1E31280A" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Adelius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adelius pyrrhia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrrhia">Adelius pyrrhia</taxonomicName>
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was listed as a valid species by
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<bibRefCitation id="ED99E264DD635E23B1F6C4AF93B28932" author="O'Connor, J. P." journalOrPublisher="Occasional Publications of the Irish Biogeographical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" pagination="1 - 90" title="A catalogue of the Irish Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)" volume="4" year="1999">O'Connor et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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but as a synonym of erythronotus by
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.
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<paragraph id="D4CAAC68B7165BB848038467CF75E3F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="54205">Sudano-Zambesian</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D876DA78D9DC498D664491A9BF268C3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="54205">Life Form: therophyte</paragraph>
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95
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154125753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:405E65E30BFE047D31C6B95A0900E146" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/405E65E30BFE047D31C6B95A0900E146" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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<taxonomicName authority="Song & Chen, 2002" authorityName="Song & Chen" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaucocharis castaneus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">Glaucocharis castaneus Song & Chen, 2002</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 5, 6, 9
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaucocharis castaneus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">Glaucocharis castaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Song & Chen, in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Chen et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 1, figs 1-3. Type locality: Maoershan, Guangxi Province, China.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
23 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀: CHINA: Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve, Mabian (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="28.85">28°51'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="103.51667">103°31'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), Sichuan Province, 1100 m, 9−10.viii.2012, coll. Wei-Chun Li (JXAUM).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Female adult (Figs 5, 6): Forewing length 6.5−8.0 mm. Frons and vertex pale yellow. Labial palpus blackish-brown except second segment pale yellow. Maxillary palpus pale brown to blackish brown, pale yellow distally. Antenna blackish brown and pale yellow in alternance on dorsal surface, pale yellow ventrally. Tegula and thorax blackish brown. Forewing densely covered with blackish brown scales; antemedian line black, dorsal two-thirds inconspicuous; reniform stigma unrecognized; postmedian line blackish brown, arched outward; apex orange, with white apical stripe; termen orange mixed with pale brown, with two black marginal spots; fringe blackish brown. Hindwing blackish brown; fringe pale brown except blackish brown subbasally. Abdomen blackish brown on dorsal surface. Legs pale brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Female genitalia (Fig. 9): Papillae anales ovate, about one-third length of posterior apophyses. Tergite eight about two-thirds as long as anterior apophyses. Lamella postvaginalis roughly U-shaped. Antrum swollen and densely covered with small spines. Ductus bursae long and thin. Ductus seminalis arising from approximately posterior one-third of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae rounded; signa double and ovate.</paragraph>
|
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
Figures 7-9. Genitalia of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaucocharis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glaucocharis</taxonomicName>
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||||
species. 7
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. sperlingi" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="sperlingi">G. sperlingi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., male, holotype 8
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. nussi" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="nussi">G. nussi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., male, holotype 9
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. castaneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="castaneus">G. castaneus</taxonomicName>
|
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Song & Chen, female.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">China (Guangxi, Sichuan).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="149" type="remarks">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="149">
|
||||
The female of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. castaneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="149" rank="species" species="castaneus">G. castaneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is described for the first time herein. The male of this species was described and figured adequately by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="149">Chen et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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835
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: 385
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|
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–386, figs. 14–16; Dalla–
|
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<treatmentCitation id="49561F3CFFAB7040FC4A89A758BCFB79" author="Torre" box="[1003,1191,1155,1177]" page="1290" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFAB7040FC4A89A7587CFB79" author="Torre" box="[1003,1127,1155,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refString="Dalla - Torre, K. W. (1913) Pflanzengallen und deren tierische Erzeuger. (Zoocecidien und Cecidozoen 1910). Just's botanischer Jahresbericht, 1273 - 1310." type="journal article" year="1913">Torre, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 1290
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(diagnosis);
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: 5
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, pl. 1, fig. 13 (diagnosis);
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<treatmentCitation id="49561F3CFFAB7040FDBF89865EC4FB58" author="Houard" box="[542,735,1186,1208]" page="207" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="1933">
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|
||||
: 207
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
, figs. 472, 473 (key to identify cecidogenic insects);
|
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<treatmentCitation id="49561F3CFFAB7040FB5489865987FB58" author="Mani" box="[1269,1436,1186,1208]" page="181" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFAB7040FB5489865976FB58" author="Mani" box="[1269,1389,1186,1208]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refString="Mani, M. S. (1964) Ecology of plant galls. The Hague, Junk, 434 pp." type="book" year="1964">Mani, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 181
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
(diagnosis);
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="49561F3CFFAB7040FEE889E55E1EFB37" author="Sattler" box="[329,517,1217,1239]" page="192" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFAB7040FEE889E55DC9FB37" author="Sattler" box="[329,466,1217,1239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refString="Sattler, K. (1973) A catalogue of the family-group and genus-group names of the Gelechiidae, Holcopogonidae, Lecithoceridae and Symmocidae (Lepidoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 28 (4), 153 - 282." type="journal article" year="1973">Sattler, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 192
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
(species nomenclature);
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="49561F3CFFAB7040FCB189E55FA2FB37" author="Davis" box="[784,953,1217,1239]" page="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="1984">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFAB7040FCB189E55F89FB37" author="Davis" box="[784,914,1217,1239]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refString="Davis, D. R. (1984) Neopseustidae, Nepticulidae, Opostegidae, Tischeriidae, Incurvariidae, Cecidosidae, Adelidae, Prodoxidae, Tineidae, Psychidae, and Arrhenophanidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera, Checklist: Part 1, Micropterigoidea - Immoidea. Dr. W. Junk Publ., The Hague, Boston, Lancaster, pp. XX, 3 - 6, 16, 18 - 25." type="journal article" year="1984">Davis, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 18
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
(Neotropical checklist); 1998: 79–80 (family diagnosis);
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="49561F3CFFAB7040FEE189C55E6CFB16" author="Hoare" box="[320,631,1248,1270]" page="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="2003">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFAB7040FEE189C55E4AFB15" author="Hoare" box="[320,593,1248,1270]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refString="Hoare, R. J. B. & Dugdale, J. S. (2003) Description of the New Zealand incurvarioid Xanadoses nielseni, gen. nov., sp. nov. and placement in Cecidosidae (Lepidoptera). Invertebrate Systematics, 17, 47 - 57. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / is 02024" type="journal article" year="2003">Hoare and Dugdale, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 55
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FD2989C45F1DFB16" ID-CoL="622L3" box="[648,774,1248,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
world checklist);
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="49561F3CFFAB7040FC6689C4587CFB15" author="Maia" box="[967,1127,1248,1270]" page="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="2006">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFAB7040FC6689C4585AFB16" author="Maia" box="[967,1089,1248,1270]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refString="Maia, V. C. (2006) Galls of Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera from Central and South America. Publixacoes Avulsas do Museu Nacional, 110, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2006">Maia, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 18
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
(list of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FB6089C45920FB16" ID-CoL="LP" box="[1217,1339,1248,1270]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
galls for Central and South
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFAB7040FE2589DA5DFBFAF4" box="[388,480,1278,1300]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">America</collectingCountry>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="80ED6AA6FFAB7040FF368866582EFAB9" box="[151,1077,1345,1370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAB7040FF368866582EFAB9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1345,2017]" box="[151,1077,1345,1370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FF3688665D5EFABA" bold="true" box="[151,325,1345,1370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFAB7040FF3688665CC9FAB9" box="[151,210,1346,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
material.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFAB7040FEED88655D90FAB9" box="[332,395,1345,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
(s): Chacras de Coria and Mendoza town plazas.
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFAB7040FC0888655FFEFAB9" box="[937,997,1345,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
(s) lost.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="80ED6AA6FFAB7044FF6688415D51FDBF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAB7040FF6688415901F922" blockId="1.[151,1436,1345,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FF6688415D5AFA9E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1381,1406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FE7588425E69FA9D" box="[468,626,1381,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FE7588425E69FA9D" box="[468,626,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be differentiated from other Neotropical
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FB1188415922FA9D" box="[1200,1337,1381,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(except
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FF3688AE5E0EFA41" authority="Brethes" authorityName="Brethes" box="[151,533,1417,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregatella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FF3688AE5DACFA41" box="[151,439,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Dicranoses congregatella</emphasis>
|
||||
Bréthes
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) by the absence of mouthparts and epiphysis, reduced wing venation, absence of pectinifer and presence of small, sclerotized dentations on the posterior dorsal margin of the male valva, and the presence of anterior internal dorsal crest in the female genitalia. The pupa is characterized by a cephalic process (gall cutter) bearing seven spines; posterior margin of tergum A8 with two central, horn-like acute processes; and abdominal segments A2–8 with a transverse band of spines arranged in approximately three rows at the center of the terga. The larva is distinguished by well-marked, slender, and slightly divergent hypostomal ridges, joined posteriorly as an U-shaped structure; and absence of tubular spinneret, setae, and stemmata. The gall is similar to a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FF368BA15CF5F97D" box="[151,238,1669,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FF368BA15CF5F97D" box="[151,238,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Schinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
leaf, and is cylindrical, elongated; with the initiation of pupation, a light brownish band is differentiated close to the end of the gall and forms the “hood; the pupa pushes apart the “hood” for adult emergence.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAB7040FF668BEA592EF895" blockId="1.[151,1436,1345,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FF668BEA5D41F905" box="[199,346,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FF668BEA5D41F905" box="[199,346,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FE2E8BEA5E50F905" box="[399,587,1741,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregatella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FE2E8BEA5E50F905" box="[399,587,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">D. congregatella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
share all the characters listed above. The major differences between the two species are: male genitalia with apex of cucullus more extended ventrally and the vinculum more broadly triangular in
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FF158A325D61F8CD" box="[180,378,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FF158A325D6DF8CD" box="[180,374,1813,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregatella">D. congregatella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Galls of D.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FDA78A315EBAF8CD" box="[518,673,1813,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregatella">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FDA78A315EBAF8CD" box="[518,673,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">congregatella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
grow inside the stem and the bark is ruptured at the final stage, the galls are cylindrical with a blunt tip, with walls thicker than those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAB7040FC338A1E583EF8B1" box="[914,1061,1849,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FC338A1E583EF8B1" box="[914,1061,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and they are grouped in a cluster (i.e., gregarious). When the bark ruptures, more than 40 galls grouped adjacent to each other are exposed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAB7040FF668AA5598BF801" blockId="1.[151,1436,1345,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FF668AA55D06F87A" bold="true" box="[199,285,1921,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Adults.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAB7040FE868AA55D7AF879" box="[295,353,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Male</emphasis>
|
||||
. Head. Sparsely covered by hair-like scales; mouthparts absent; eyes large (interocular index (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFAB7040FF3F8A815D3AF85D" author="Davis" box="[158,289,1957,1981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refString="Davis, D. R. (1975) A review of the West Indian moths of the family Psychidae with descriptions of new taxa and immature stages. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 188, 1 - 66, 206 figs. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.188" type="journal article" year="1975">Davis 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) = 0.965±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAB7040FE348A815E13F85D" box="[405,520,1957,1981]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.299999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" unit="mm" value="0.093">0.093 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, n = 4) and located low on the head capsule (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAB7040FC5C8A81585AF85D" box="[1021,1089,1957,1981]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[161,1415,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Dicranoses capsulifex adults. 1) female; 2) wings venation, forewing above and hindwing below; 3) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (common stem of primary furcal arms hidden by secondary arms); 4) metathoracic furcasternum, lateral view; 5) head, anterior view; 6) foreleg tarsi (scanning electron microscopy); 7) foreleg pretarsus (scanning electron microscopy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218800/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Antenna filiform, covered by black spatulate scales, between 0.53–0.64X as long as forewing, flagellomeres covered by elongate sensilla.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFA87043FF368A565DC6F805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218800/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" targetBox="[161,1415,195,1875]" targetPageId="2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA87043FF368A565DC6F805" blockId="2.[151,1436,1906,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA87043FF368A565D5AF868" bold="true" box="[151,321,1906,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA87043FEEF8A505E2EF869" box="[334,565,1907,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA87043FEEF8A505E2EF869" box="[334,565,1907,1929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
adults. 1) female; 2) wings venation, forewing above and hindwing below; 3) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (common stem of primary furcal arms hidden by secondary arms); 4) metathoracic furcasternum, lateral view; 5) head, anterior view; 6) foreleg tarsi (scanning electron microscopy); 7) foreleg pretarsus (scanning electron microscopy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFA97042FF368A08581AF89F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218801/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" targetBox="[184,1414,214,1792]" targetPageId="3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA97042FF368A08581AF89F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1836,1920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA97042FF368A085D51F8A1" bold="true" box="[151,330,1836,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">FIGURES 8–13.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA97042FEF28A095E2DF8A2" box="[339,566,1836,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA97042FEF28A095E2DF8A2" box="[339,566,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
male genitalia, photographed with a light microscope (figure 11 scanning electron microscopy). 8) external genitalia; 9) detail of valva sclerotized small dentations; 10) detail of valva middle area; 11) detail of valva middle area, by scanning electron microscopy; 12) detail of juxta; 13) aedeagus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFAE7045FF3688F65DFEF9A4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218803/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="375" targetBox="[171,1406,184,1453]" targetPageId="4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAE7045FF3688F65DFEF9A4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1490,1604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAE7045FF3688F65D48FA08" bold="true" box="[151,339,1490,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">FIGURES 14–17.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAE7045FEFB88F05E21FA09" box="[346,570,1491,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAE7045FEFB88F05E21FA09" box="[346,570,1491,1513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
female genitalia, as seen by light microscopy. 14) oviscapt cone internal crest, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 15) detail of ovipositor tip, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 16) genitalia, lateral view (arrow points to oviscapt cone and dotted line indicates location of seventh abdominal segment); 17) seventh abdominal segment, lateral view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAE7044FF368B555D51FDBF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1649,2036]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">
|
||||
Thorax. Anterior arms of laterocervical sclerites long and slender, expanded posteriorly. Metafurca with elongated, slender, postero-dorsal apophyses free from secondary arms; antero-dorsal apodemes absent (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAE7045FB198BB1593DF94D" box="[1208,1318,1685,1709]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[161,1415,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Dicranoses capsulifex adults. 1) female; 2) wings venation, forewing above and hindwing below; 3) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (common stem of primary furcal arms hidden by secondary arms); 4) metathoracic furcasternum, lateral view; 5) head, anterior view; 6) foreleg tarsi (scanning electron microscopy); 7) foreleg pretarsus (scanning electron microscopy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218800/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Sparsely covered with hair-like scales; patagiae absent; tegulae reduced, subquadrate, with a small posterior-dorsal projection that covers a minute anterior portion of forewing base. Legs with tibial spurs 0–2–4; epiphysis absent; tibial length proportion (anterior / middle / posterior legs) ~ 0.7/0.8/1.0; all pretarsi without claws; arolium well developed with numerous, minute ventral spines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAE7045FD778A015F5DF8DD" box="[726,838,1829,1853]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[161,1415,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Dicranoses capsulifex adults. 1) female; 2) wings venation, forewing above and hindwing below; 3) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (common stem of primary furcal arms hidden by secondary arms); 4) metathoracic furcasternum, lateral view; 5) head, anterior view; 6) foreleg tarsi (scanning electron microscopy); 7) foreleg pretarsus (scanning electron microscopy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218800/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Wings densely covered with long hair-like scales; scales along dorsal margin as long as wing width. Forewing length: 3.7–4.0 mm; venation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAE7045FB3B8A6D58FBF881" box="[1178,1248,1865,1889]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[161,1415,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Dicranoses capsulifex adults. 1) female; 2) wings venation, forewing above and hindwing below; 3) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (common stem of primary furcal arms hidden by secondary arms); 4) metathoracic furcasternum, lateral view; 5) head, anterior view; 6) foreleg tarsi (scanning electron microscopy); 7) foreleg pretarsus (scanning electron microscopy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218800/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
): Sc ending near midpoint of wing margin; radius with two branches, R and Rs; media with either one branch or sometimes a short second branch, when two branches, M1 separating near apex; CuA two branched, CuP faint and not stalked with 1A+2A. Hindwing length 0.75X as forewing length; venation (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAE7045FCCA8A9C5FAAF830" box="[875,945,1976,2000]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[161,1415,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Dicranoses capsulifex adults. 1) female; 2) wings venation, forewing above and hindwing below; 3) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (common stem of primary furcal arms hidden by secondary arms); 4) metathoracic furcasternum, lateral view; 5) head, anterior view; 6) foreleg tarsi (scanning electron microscopy); 7) foreleg pretarsus (scanning electron microscopy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218800/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="375">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with Sc+R ending at basal third of costal margin, Rs unbranched, nearly straight; medial vein absent or as single branch from Cu; CuA two branched, CuP absent; 1A+2A less than half of wing length, not extending to wing margin. Abdomen. Densely covered with hairlike scales; first tergum subtriangular, with blunt anterior end and sclerotized slender anterior apodemes laterally; second tergum sclerotized as a central rectangle with anterior margin projected laterally as two slender bands joined with first tergal bands; second sternum with subquadrangular lateral areas, each one projected anteriorly as a slender line. Tergosternal connection absent. Other terga sclerotized as longitudinal subrectangular central areas and sterna as transverse subrectangular areas, with lateral margins surrounding a spiracle. Genitalia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FAB28C68598BFE84" box="[1299,1424,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1414,214,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Dicranoses capsulifex male genitalia, photographed with a light microscope (figure 11 scanning electron microscopy). 8) external genitalia; 9) detail of valva sclerotized small dentations; 10) detail of valva middle area; 11) detail of valva middle area, by scanning electron microscopy; 12) detail of juxta; 13) aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218801/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Figs. 8–13</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Uncus consisting of a pair of oval, wrinkled, setigerous lobes, subtriangularly elongated posteriorly; socii absent. Transtilla extended, with dorsal portion oval. Juxta less than 0.5X as long as aedeagus, oval, very slender along anterior half (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FE958C935D92FE2F" box="[308,393,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1414,214,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Dicranoses capsulifex male genitalia, photographed with a light microscope (figure 11 scanning electron microscopy). 8) external genitalia; 9) detail of valva sclerotized small dentations; 10) detail of valva middle area; 11) detail of valva middle area, by scanning electron microscopy; 12) detail of juxta; 13) aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218801/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Valva broad at base, reduced to half its wide on distal third, then expanding, with two or three sclerotized small, subapical dentations on ventral margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FCD28CF85FA2FE14" box="[883,953,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1414,214,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Dicranoses capsulifex male genitalia, photographed with a light microscope (figure 11 scanning electron microscopy). 8) external genitalia; 9) detail of valva sclerotized small dentations; 10) detail of valva middle area; 11) detail of valva middle area, by scanning electron microscopy; 12) detail of juxta; 13) aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218801/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
); hair-like scales present on posterior half and scobinated on anterior half to the costal margin (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FD428CDB5F72FDF7" box="[739,873,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1414,214,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Dicranoses capsulifex male genitalia, photographed with a light microscope (figure 11 scanning electron microscopy). 8) external genitalia; 9) detail of valva sclerotized small dentations; 10) detail of valva middle area; 11) detail of valva middle area, by scanning electron microscopy; 12) detail of juxta; 13) aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218801/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Figs. 10, 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
); pectinifer absent; costa sclerotized, 0.5X as long as valva. Vinculum relatively slender, Y-shaped. Aedeagus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FC978F005F9DFDDC" box="[822,902,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1836,1859]" captionTargetBox="[184,1414,214,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 13. Dicranoses capsulifex male genitalia, photographed with a light microscope (figure 11 scanning electron microscopy). 8) external genitalia; 9) detail of valva sclerotized small dentations; 10) detail of valva middle area; 11) detail of valva middle area, by scanning electron microscopy; 12) detail of juxta; 13) aedeagus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218801/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||||
) long and slender, anterior end widened; vesica without cornuti.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="80ED6AA6FFAF704BFF668F485DFBFE84" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAF7044FF668F485848FC27" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAF7044FF668F485D00FD64" box="[199,283,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Female</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FE8C8F485D6AFD64" box="[301,369,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1906,1929]" captionTargetBox="[161,1415,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1882]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Dicranoses capsulifex adults. 1) female; 2) wings venation, forewing above and hindwing below; 3) metathoracic furcasternum, posterior view (common stem of primary furcal arms hidden by secondary arms); 4) metathoracic furcasternum, lateral view; 5) head, anterior view; 6) foreleg tarsi (scanning electron microscopy); 7) foreleg pretarsus (scanning electron microscopy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218800/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Forewing length:
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAF7044FDF88F485EFDFD64" box="[601,742,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="3.1" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.7">2.7–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; interocular index = 1.65±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAF7044FBB88F48589FFD64" box="[1049,1156,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, n = 4. Similar to male; abdominal segment A7 ~
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFAF7044FE1B8FAB5DCDFD47" box="[442,470,655,679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">3x</date>
|
||||
the length of A6; caudal margin bearing a dense ring of stout, elongate setae; ventrocaudal margin with a prominent, setose lobe with minutely serrated margins (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FBBD8F905868FD2C" box="[1052,1139,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1490,1513]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,184,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,163,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Dicranoses capsulifex female genitalia, as seen by light microscopy. 14) oviscapt cone internal crest, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 15) detail of ovipositor tip, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 16) genitalia, lateral view (arrow points to oviscapt cone and dotted line indicates location of seventh abdominal segment); 17) seventh abdominal segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218803/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Genitalia (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FAA28F90598BFD2C" box="[1283,1424,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1490,1513]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,184,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,163,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Dicranoses capsulifex female genitalia, as seen by light microscopy. 14) oviscapt cone internal crest, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 15) detail of ovipositor tip, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 16) genitalia, lateral view (arrow points to oviscapt cone and dotted line indicates location of seventh abdominal segment); 17) seventh abdominal segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218803/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Figs. 14–17</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Oviscapt cone (“functional unit formed by the hindmost segment/s visible in the resting moth and from which the anterior apophyses arise, consisting of segment VIII and sometimes segment IX” according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFAF7044FB6D8FD8598BFCF4" author="Kristensen" box="[1228,1424,764,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" refString="Kristensen, N. P. (2003) Skeleton and muscles: adults. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed), Lepidoptera: Moths and Butterflies. 2. Morphology, Physiology, and Development. Handbook of zoology. De Gruyter, Berlin and New York, pp. 39 - 131." type="journal article" year="2003">Kristensen, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), present (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FF598E3B5D57FCD7" box="[248,332,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1490,1513]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,184,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,163,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Dicranoses capsulifex female genitalia, as seen by light microscopy. 14) oviscapt cone internal crest, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 15) detail of ovipositor tip, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 16) genitalia, lateral view (arrow points to oviscapt cone and dotted line indicates location of seventh abdominal segment); 17) seventh abdominal segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218803/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with anterior internal dorsal crest present (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FCE58E3B5F82FCD7" box="[836,921,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1490,1513]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,184,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,163,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Dicranoses capsulifex female genitalia, as seen by light microscopy. 14) oviscapt cone internal crest, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 15) detail of ovipositor tip, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 16) genitalia, lateral view (arrow points to oviscapt cone and dotted line indicates location of seventh abdominal segment); 17) seventh abdominal segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218803/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Anterior apophyses long, extending beyond abdominal segment 5; posterior apophyses ~ 1.5x length of anterior apophyses; apex fused to form an acute “cutting blade”, with minute serrations along both dorsal and ventral edges (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FC538E43585DFC9F" box="[1010,1094,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1490,1513]" captionTargetBox="[171,1406,184,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,163,1470]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 17. Dicranoses capsulifex female genitalia, as seen by light microscopy. 14) oviscapt cone internal crest, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 15) detail of ovipositor tip, lateral view (above) and dorsal view (below); 16) genitalia, lateral view (arrow points to oviscapt cone and dotted line indicates location of seventh abdominal segment); 17) seventh abdominal segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218803/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Genital chamber less than 1/
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFAF7044FF368EA85CA8FC44" box="[151,179,908,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">4x</date>
|
||||
as long as segment A7. Spermatheca as long as corpus bursae, without lateral lagena; caudal part of ductus spermatheca sometimes coiled. Ductus and corpus bursae membranous; signa absent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAF7044FF668EF05D8FFBEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAF7044FF668EF05D83FC0C" bold="true" box="[199,408,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAF7044FE038EF15DD4FC0C" box="[418,463,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Egg</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FE408EF05E71FC0C" box="[481,618,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 20" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[179,1400,193,1624]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1645]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 20. Dicranoses capsulifex egg, by scanning electron microscopy (except 20). 18) outer half; 19) inner half (the half relates to the position of the egg inside the stem as shown in Fig. 20); 20) egg inside a stem, transverse section (as seen in light microscope), dashed lines mark section where stem was cut and stem parts removed for electron microscopy." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218804/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Figs. 18–20</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Cylindrical, white, smooth, length 0.31±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAF7044FBF58EF058A7FC0C" box="[1108,1212,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and major diamete 0.11±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAF7044FF778ED35D21FBF0" box="[214,314,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(n = 5).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAF7044FF6689395FD7FAD0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAF7044FF6689395D92FBD4" box="[199,393,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">First instar larva</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FE3989385E04FBD4" box="[408,543,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Figs. 21–23</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Body cylindrical, U-shaped, minute spinules and setae absent (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FB5989385957FBD4" box="[1272,1356,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Head yellowish brown, width = 0.029±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAF7044FDAC891B5E98FBB8" box="[525,643,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, n = 4, ~ 1.3x as broad as high, with convex lateral margin, edges well defined by a sclerotized margin; frontoclypeus minute, with well-marked, slender, slightly divergent hypostomal ridges, joined posteriorly as an U-shaped structure. Stemmata absent; antennae reduced, located close to mandibles; labrum reduced to two lateral lobes; mandible well developed with four cusps along distal margin; maxilla with palpus and galea poorly developed; spinneret reduced to a central opening; labial palpus absent (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FAC289F45CFCFAEC" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Figs. 22, 23</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Thorax and abdomen white; prothoracic shield, thoracic legs, prolegs, and abdominal calli absent; posterior dorsal half of abdomen with numerous small, dark brown spots.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAF7044FF668818586CFAB4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1143,1340,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAF7044FF6688185DB9FAB4" box="[199,418,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Second instar larva</emphasis>
|
||||
. Similar to fourth instar. Head width = 0.113±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAF7044FC0888185806FAB4" box="[937,1053,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.009">0.009 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, n = 20.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAF7044FF668844587EFA98" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1125,1376,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAF7044FF6688445D95FA98" box="[199,398,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Third instar larva</emphasis>
|
||||
. Similar to fourth instar. Head width = 0.205±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAF7044FC3688445810FA98" box="[919,1035,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.023">0.023 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, n = 20.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAF7044FF6688A05FCCF83C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAF7044FF6688A05DBAFA7C" box="[199,417,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fourth instar larva</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FE1388A05E21FA7C" box="[434,570,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Figs. 24–30</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Subprognathous, body cylindrical, covered with minute spinules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FA9B88A0598BFA7C" box="[1338,1424,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Head (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FF45888C5D2CFA20" box="[228,311,1448,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||||
) yellowish brown, width = 0.384±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFAF7044FD66888C5F25FA20" box="[711,830,1448,1472]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="0.029">0.029 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, n = 20, ~
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFAF7044FC60888C5FC7FA20" box="[961,988,1448,1472]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">2x</date>
|
||||
broader than high, with convex lateral margin; frontoclypeus well-marked by pigmented adfrontal sutures, subtriangular in shape, posteriorly extending to apex of epicranial notch; with well-marked slightly divergent hypostomal ridges, joined posteriorly as an U-shaped structure; basistipes and postmentum areas unpigmented. Stemmata absent; antennae reduced (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FB7C8B30592FF9CC" box="[1245,1332,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||||
), located laterally and dorsal to the labrum; labrum bilobed, with two pairs of small setae on distal margin, setae on external surface absent; mandible well developed with four cusps along distal margin, anterior one larger than the others; three anterior cusps sharp, fourth blunt, and one small seta basally on external surface; maxilla with palpus and galea poorly developed; spinneret reduced to a central opening; labial palpus absent (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FBCB8B8058E9F95C" box="[1130,1266,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Figs 26, 29</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Setae absent. Thorax and abdomen white; prothoracic shield absent; meso- and metathorax with latero-dorsal small pigmented areas; without calli; thoracic legs reduced to circular, unsegmented tubercles (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FC5F8BC85849F8E4" box="[1022,1106,1772,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||||
); prolegs absent. Setae small, 2–
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFAF7044FF158A345CDBF8C8" box="[180,192,1808,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">3</date>
|
||||
X as long as minute spinules (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FDB08A345E7EF8C8" box="[529,613,1808,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||||
), located in groups similar in number and position to those of pupae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAF7044FACF8A345CA3F8AC" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1863,1886]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[179,1407,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 30. Dicranoses capsulifex larva. 21 – 23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24 – 30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A 5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="376">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||||
): tergum T1 with two to four setae on each side; terga T2–T3 with a pair of latero-dorsal groups of four to ten setae each; segment A1 with supraspiracular setae varying between three to five; A2–7 with five to ten supraspiracular setae; three to seven subspiracular setae on segments A2–7; segments A8–10 without spiracle; segment A8 with five to seven “supraspiracular” setae and one to four “subspiracular” setae; segment A9 with three “supraspiracular” setae; segment 10 without setae; spiracles circular.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFAC7047FF368BA55906F935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218804/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" targetBox="[179,1400,193,1624]" targetPageId="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAC7047FF368BA55906F935" blockId="6.[151,1436,1665,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAC7047FF368BA55D4FF977" bold="true" box="[151,340,1665,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">FIGURES 18–20.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAC7047FEFA8BA75E20F978" box="[347,571,1666,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAC7047FEFA8BA75E20F978" box="[347,571,1666,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
egg, by scanning electron microscopy (except 20). 18) outer half; 19) inner half (the half relates to the position of the egg inside the stem as shown in Fig. 20); 20) egg inside a stem, transverse section (as seen in light microscope), dashed lines mark section where stem was cut and stem parts removed for electron microscopy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAC7049FF668A275F97FA38" blockId="6.[151,1436,1794,2035]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,1256,1964]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAC7047FF668A275D19F8FA" box="[199,258,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAC7047FEB48A265D84F8FA" box="[277,415,1794,1818]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1189,1212]" captionTargetBox="[172,1421,193,1144]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1168]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 33. Dicranoses capsulifex pupa. 31) ventral view; 32) dorsal view; 33) detail of frontal process (gall-cutter)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218806/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Figs. 31–33</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Length = 3.38±0.31, n = 10. Yellowish brown with legs, wings, and antennae white; colored areas becoming dark brown near adult emergence. Head with frontal process (gall-cutter) formed by seven spines in a single row, three apical ones smaller than the others (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAC7047FCC68A6E5FA0F882" box="[871,955,1866,1890]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1189,1212]" captionTargetBox="[172,1421,193,1144]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1168]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 33. Dicranoses capsulifex pupa. 31) ventral view; 32) dorsal view; 33) detail of frontal process (gall-cutter)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218806/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||||
); antennae narrow, long, apex near apex of forewing; prothorax a narrow transverse band between head and mesothorax; hindwings concealed by forewings, reaching sternum A6; mesothoracic legs reaching forewing apex and metathoracic legs beyond them on segment A7 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFAC7047FF698A925D00F82E" box="[200,283,1974,1998]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1189,1212]" captionTargetBox="[172,1421,193,1144]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1168]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 33. Dicranoses capsulifex pupa. 31) ventral view; 32) dorsal view; 33) detail of frontal process (gall-cutter)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218806/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="377">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||||
); tergum T1 with two to four setae on each side; terga T2–T3 with a pair of latero-dorsal groups of four to ten setae each. Abdominal segments covered by minute spinules; A2–8 with a transverse band of spines arranged in approximately 3–4 rows near center of terga (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA27049FD6B89CC5F06FAE0" box="[714,797,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1189,1212]" captionTargetBox="[172,1421,193,1144]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1168]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 33. Dicranoses capsulifex pupa. 31) ventral view; 32) dorsal view; 33) detail of frontal process (gall-cutter)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218806/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||||
), A2–A7 with sharp spines, A8 with spines possessing irregular margins, sometimes bifurcated; cremaster at posterior margin of tergum A8 with two central, horn-like, acute processes directed anteriorly (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA27049FD8A88145E9BFAA8" box="[555,640,1328,1352]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1189,1212]" captionTargetBox="[172,1421,193,1144]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1168]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 33. Dicranoses capsulifex pupa. 31) ventral view; 32) dorsal view; 33) detail of frontal process (gall-cutter)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218806/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA27049FD4188145F7CFAA8" box="[736,871,1328,1352]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1189,1212]" captionTargetBox="[172,1421,193,1144]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1168]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 33. Dicranoses capsulifex pupa. 31) ventral view; 32) dorsal view; 33) detail of frontal process (gall-cutter)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218806/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Figs. 31, 32</figureCitation>
|
||||
) arranged in two pairs of groups on each segment (supra- and subspiracular); supraspiracular setae varying between three to five on segment A1 and five to ten on segments A2–7; one to five subspiracular setae on segment A2–7; segments A8–10 without spiracle; segment A8 with six to seven “supraspiracular” setae and one to three “subspiracular” setae; segment A9 with three “supraspiracular” setae; segment 10 without seta; spiracles circular.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFAD7046FF368A635F7BF838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" targetBox="[179,1406,193,1822]" targetPageId="7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFAD7046FF368A635F7BF838" blockId="7.[151,1436,1863,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAD7046FF368A635D4EF8BD" bold="true" box="[151,341,1863,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">FIGURES 21–30.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFAD7046FEFC8A6D5E24F8BD" box="[349,575,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFAD7046FEFC8A6D5E24F8BD" box="[349,575,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="378">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larva. 21–23) first instar, by scanning electron microscopy: 21) body, lateral view; 22) head, frontal view; 23) head, anterior-lateral view. 24–30) last instar, by scanning electron microscopy (except 24 and 27): 24) body, lateral view (arrows points to pigmented areas) (as seen in light microscope); 25) spiracle of segment A5 (arrows points to setae); 26) head, frontal view; 27) head, frontal view (as seen in light microscope); 28) detail of metathoracic leg rudiment; 29) detail of mouth parts; 30) detail of antenna, dorsal view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFA27049FF3689815961FB5B" box="[151,1402,1189,1212]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218806/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" targetBox="[172,1421,193,1144]" targetPageId="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA27049FF3689815961FB5B" blockId="8.[151,1402,1189,1212]" box="[151,1402,1189,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA27049FF3689815D48FB5A" bold="true" box="[151,339,1189,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">FIGURES 31–33.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA27049FEFB89825E21FB5B" box="[346,570,1189,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA27049FEFB89825E21FB5B" box="[346,570,1189,1211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pupa. 31) ventral view; 32) dorsal view; 33) detail of frontal process (gall-cutter).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA27049FF6688C758F9F918" blockId="8.[151,1437,1256,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA27049FF6688C75D1AFA1C" bold="true" box="[199,257,1507,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Gall.</emphasis>
|
||||
The galls are located on terminal branches between leaves. Initially the galls are spherical and completely enclosed on stems. Later, the galls rupture the bark and appear as small, reddish-brown prominences, increasing in size as cylindrical structures gradually turning green, thus mimicking leaves (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA27049FB668B08593BF9A4" box="[1223,1312,1580,1604]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 39" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[213,1383,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[209,1385,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 39. Dicranoses capsulifex galls on Schinus fasciculatus and predator. 34) Host plant habitat; 35) stem with oviposition scars (see arrows) 36) galls; 37) opened galls, without hood, after adult emergence; 38) Polybia scutellaris preying upon D. capsulifex larvae; 39) galls opened by P. scutellaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||||
). With the advent of pupation, a narrow, light brownish band appears at the base of the conical top of the gall, or “hood. This band is the site where the gall will break when the pupa emerges (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA27049FC278B505FC0F96C" box="[902,987,1652,1676]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 39" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[213,1383,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[209,1385,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 39. Dicranoses capsulifex galls on Schinus fasciculatus and predator. 34) Host plant habitat; 35) stem with oviposition scars (see arrows) 36) galls; 37) opened galls, without hood, after adult emergence; 38) Polybia scutellaris preying upon D. capsulifex larvae; 39) galls opened by P. scutellaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Utilizing the frontal process, the pupa opens the gall by pulling back the hood, and with body contortions and anchoring its body to the gall with its abdominal spines, the pupa partially exits the gall and the adult emerges. Generally, after emergence, the head and thorax of the pupa is found protruding from the apical part of gall with the hood attached laterally.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA27049FF668A205DFBF8A0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1256,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">
|
||||
Gall size after adult emergence: length 11.772±
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA27049FD518A205F7DF8FC" box="[752,870,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.619" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" unit="mm" value="4.619">4.619 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and diameter 1.225±0.207, the apical 1.8±0.302 constitutes the hood (n = 20).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA27049FF668A685937F84C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1256,1964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">
|
||||
On heavily infested branches, galls from the apical part of the branches develop less than the lower galls. Usually, the ones at the apex die or require more time to develop and are smaller. The largest number of galls per branch was found at Chacras de Coria, Mendoza,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA27049FD648AB05F2CF84C" box="[709,823,1940,1964]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="379">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, with up to 110 galls on
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA27049FBEB8AB0589AF84C" box="[1098,1153,1940,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="379" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
long branches.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFA37048FF368AAE5EE7F83E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218807/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="380" targetBox="[213,1383,193,1887]" targetPageId="9">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA37048FF368AAE5EE7F83E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1930,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA37048FF368AAE5D4CF840" bold="true" box="[151,343,1930,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="380">FIGURES 34–39.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA37048FEC18AA85E59F841" box="[352,578,1931,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA37048FEC18AA85E59F841" box="[352,578,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="380">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
galls on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA37048FD088AAF5F61F841" box="[681,890,1931,1953]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA37048FD088AAF5F61F841" box="[681,890,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="380">Schinus fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and predator. 34) Host plant habitat; 35) stem with oviposition scars (see arrows) 36) galls; 37) opened galls, without hood, after adult emergence; 38)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA37048FB288A8D5953F85F" box="[1161,1352,1961,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA37048FB288A8D5953F85F" box="[1161,1352,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="380">Polybia scutellaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
preying upon
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA37048FF718AED5D4DF83E" box="[208,342,1992,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA37048FF718AED5D4DF83E" box="[208,342,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="380">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae; 39) galls opened by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA37048FDD58AED5EECF83E" box="[628,759,1992,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA37048FDD58AED5EECF83E" box="[628,759,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="380">P. scutellaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA0704BFF668DBC5DFBFE84" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFF668DBC5D56FF50" bold="true" box="[199,333,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||||
In Mendoza,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA0704BFE4E8DB35E79FF4F" box="[495,610,151,175]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFDCE8DBD5F1EFF50" box="[623,773,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFDCE8DBD5F1EFF50" box="[623,773,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFC138DBC5882FF50" box="[946,1177,152,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFC138DBC5882FF50" box="[946,1177,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Schinus fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA0704BFB088DB3591BFF4F" box="[1193,1280,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 39" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[213,1383,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[209,1385,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 39. Dicranoses capsulifex galls on Schinus fasciculatus and predator. 34) Host plant habitat; 35) stem with oviposition scars (see arrows) 36) galls; 37) opened galls, without hood, after adult emergence; 38) Polybia scutellaris preying upon D. capsulifex larvae; 39) galls opened by P. scutellaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||||
); but in other provinces in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA0704BFE948D985DBFFF34" box="[309,420,188,212]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(e.g., San Luis) it was found to occur on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFC168D99587BFF34" box="[951,1120,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFC168D99587BFF34" box="[951,1120,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFB028D995987FF34" authority="Barkley" authorityName="Barkley" box="[1187,1436,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="johnstonii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFB028D99592EFF34" box="[1187,1333,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">S. johnstonii</emphasis>
|
||||
Barkley
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(identification according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFA0704BFE778DFB5EFFFF17" author="Steibel" box="[470,740,223,247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" refString="Steibel, P. E. & Troiani, H. O. (2008) La identidad de Schinus fasciculatus var. arenicola y rehabilitacion de S. sinuatus (Anacardiaceae). Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica, 43 (1 - 2), 157 - 166." type="journal article" year="2008">Steibel & Troiani 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Authors have cited
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFC7D8DC55869FF18" box="[988,1138,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFC7D8DC55869FF18" box="[988,1138,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFB008DC45960FF18" box="[1185,1403,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygamus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFB008DC45960FF18" box="[1185,1403,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Schinus polygamus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFF368C215CEBFEFC" box="[151,240,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Duvana</emphasis>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFEB18C205DEEFEFC" box="[272,501,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFEB18C205D73FEFC" box="[272,360,260,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) dependens.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Some subspecies or varieties of these species are synonyms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFB618C215979FEFC" box="[1216,1378,260,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFB618C215979FEFC" box="[1216,1378,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The current classification of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFDBC8C0C5E6FFEA0" box="[541,628,296,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFDBC8C0C5E6FFEA0" box="[541,628,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Schinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is complex and controversial, thus, the identity of the plants cited here should be taken with caution.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="80ED6AA6FFA0704DFF668C4B5F49FDF7" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA0704BFF668C4B58A7FE67" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,535]" box="[199,1212,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFF668C4B5D7BFE68" bold="true" box="[199,352,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
This species occurs in the central and north-western provinces of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA0704BFBE48C4B58A3FE67" box="[1093,1208,367,391]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA0704BFF668CB05E92FDF7" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">
|
||||
Environmental Niche Models (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA0704BFD808CB05EBCFE4C" box="[545,679,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 41" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,599,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,589,1322]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 41. Potential geographic distribution estimated for Dicranoses capsulifex. 40) including bibliographical data; 41) without bibliographical data in analysis. Intervals represent logistic probability of presence in that area (fixed cumulative value 10 and 10 percentile training presence were used as logistic thresholds). O = locations collected, + = bibliographical data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218808/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Figs. 40, 41</figureCitation>
|
||||
) show a larger distribution than the one observed. In both analyses, with (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA0704BFF788C935D37FE2F" box="[217,300,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 41" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,599,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,589,1322]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 41. Potential geographic distribution estimated for Dicranoses capsulifex. 40) including bibliographical data; 41) without bibliographical data in analysis. Intervals represent logistic probability of presence in that area (fixed cumulative value 10 and 10 percentile training presence were used as logistic thresholds). O = locations collected, + = bibliographical data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218808/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and without bibliographical data (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA0704BFD1A8C935F14FE2F" box="[699,783,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 41" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1343,1366]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,599,1315]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,589,1322]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 41. Potential geographic distribution estimated for Dicranoses capsulifex. 40) including bibliographical data; 41) without bibliographical data in analysis. Intervals represent logistic probability of presence in that area (fixed cumulative value 10 and 10 percentile training presence were used as logistic thresholds). O = locations collected, + = bibliographical data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218808/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the bioclimatic variables that most contribute to ENM’s are: Temperature Seasonality (BIO4) and Temperature Annual Range (BIO7). Both variables together explain more or less 73% of the species distribution.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFA0704BFF36881B5986FA73" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218808/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" targetBox="[159,1424,599,1315]" targetPageId="10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA0704BFF36881B5986FA73" blockId="10.[151,1437,1343,1427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFF36881B5D4DFAB5" bold="true" box="[151,342,1343,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">FIGURES 40–41.</emphasis>
|
||||
Potential geographic distribution estimated for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA0704BFCE488655833FAB6" box="[837,1064,1344,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFCE488655833FAB6" box="[837,1064,1344,1366]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. 40) including bibliographical data; 41) without bibliographical data in analysis. Intervals represent logistic probability of presence in that area (fixed cumulative value 10 and 10 percentile training presence were used as logistic thresholds). O = locations collected, + = bibliographical data.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA0704BFF66889B5FCDF830" blockId="10.[151,1437,1471,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA0704BFF66889B5D43FA38" bold="true" box="[199,344,1471,1496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Life history.</emphasis>
|
||||
The female lays eggs from October to November. A few days after oviposition, first instar larvae hatch and can be found in a C-shaped position in areas of softer dark green tissue inside stems. Larvae remain in the first instar until May, when second instar larvae can be found. By the second instar, the gall is composed of harder tissue, and becomes spherical in shape as it starts to grow. Later, a small cylindrical, reddish brown part of the gall appears through the bark; this cylindrical part is the one that grows into the final gall. In July there are galls from just emerging from the bark to galls up to
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA0704BFD078B505EEEF96C" box="[678,757,1652,1676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length. As the gall becomes longer, it becomes cylindrical in form, and its color changes to green, with the larva extended longitudinally inside and going to the top to feed. Although gall length more or less corresponds to the larval instar, the length cannot be used to predict with certainty the instar number (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="85750C96FFA0704BFE408BC45E22F918" box="[481,569,1760,1784]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,239,1043,1067]" captionText="TABLE 1. Minimum, maximum, and average gall length for each larval instar. Gall length = 0 when gall does not protrude from the bark of stem." pageId="10" pageNumber="381">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). As larva feeds on the upper part of the gall, the inner tissues grow and obstruct the basal part of the gall. When the gall has grown to more than
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA0704BFC7C8A215804F8FC" box="[989,1055,1797,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length, an internal blockage is formed and the larva becomes confined to the distal part of the gall. At the same time, the gall begins to shrink at the blocked part and resemble a rachis, with the other part of the gall resembling a cylindrical leaf. In September, approximately one month before adult emergence, the top of the gall begins to shrink and a brownish band appears. During this period pupae can be found. From the band to the top, the gall assumes a conical shape and forms the “hood”. A schematic succession of stages over time is shown in figure 42.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFA1704AFF368E935F89FC2E" box="[151,914,951,974]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218809/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" targetBox="[171,1418,217,913]" targetPageId="11">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA1704AFF368E935F89FC2E" blockId="11.[151,914,951,974]" box="[151,914,951,974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA1704AFF368E935D3BFC2D" bold="true" box="[151,288,951,974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">FIGURE 42.</emphasis>
|
||||
Schematic representation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA1704AFDE78E9D5F3CFC2E" box="[582,807,952,974]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA1704AFDE78E9D5F3CFC2E" box="[582,807,952,974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
life cycle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="9C8869A5FFA1704AFF3689375DFDFBAB" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA1704AFF3689375DFDFBAB" blockId="11.[151,1436,1043,1099]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA1704AFF3689375D17FBCB" bold="true" box="[151,268,1043,1067]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Minimum, maximum, and average gall length for each larval instar. Gall length = 0 when gall does not protrude from the bark of stem.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA1704AFF3D89435E4FFB9D" blockId="11.[156,1279,1126,1355]" box="[156,596,1126,1149]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">Instar Gall length (mm)</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA1704AFE0589B45851FB2F" blockId="11.[156,1279,1126,1355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">minimum maximum average 1 0 0 0</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA1704AFF3D89C75DD8F824" blockId="11.[156,1279,1126,1355]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,1423,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">
|
||||
2 0 3,1 1.24 ± 1.45, n = 34 3 1,1 7,3 3.54 ± 1.45, n = 38 4 3,8 11,8 7.34 ± 1.52, n =
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA1704AFB4488115D09FA47" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" type="adult">44 Adults</specimenCount>
|
||||
emerge from October to November. Adults begin to emerge early in the morning after the sky begins to lighten. Before dawn adults fully extend their wings to dry and then begin to fly. They fly erratically but strongly; females usually crawl over the plant and fly less than males. Virgin females curve the abdomen dorsally and make circular movements, possibly as a pre-mating behavior and to disperse pheromones. When a male approaches, the female directs the abdomen straight to the male and the latter turns around and the pair copulate for nearly three minutes. After mating, the female does not lift the abdomen again, and 15 minutes later it flies away searching for a place to oviposit. At first a female lays eggs on green tender twigs, later she lays eggs on old branches where there were galls previously. The female strikes the twig with the top of her abdomen several times to make the hole for the egg and finally she lowers the tip of the abdomen close to the twig and deposits one egg. The female drills a hole of ~
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA1704AFEA38BF05D7DF90C" box="[258,358,1748,1772]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="382" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||||
diameter and inserts the egg until almost all the egg is inside the tissue. Sometimes several eggs are left out of the hole and become desiccated and die. The plant epidermis surrounding the hole becomes necrotic and turns brown, making it easy to locate the oviposition site. After a week, the holes close, and the oviposition sites resemble short, thick brownish lines contrasting with the grayish bark (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA1704AFC568A645850F8B8" box="[1015,1099,1856,1880]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 39" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[213,1383,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[209,1385,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 39. Dicranoses capsulifex galls on Schinus fasciculatus and predator. 34) Host plant habitat; 35) stem with oviposition scars (see arrows) 36) galls; 37) opened galls, without hood, after adult emergence; 38) Polybia scutellaris preying upon D. capsulifex larvae; 39) galls opened by P. scutellaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218807/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="382">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||||
). When females are placed in cages with restricted oviposition sites, they may also oviposit in other parts of the plant, including the leaf rachis, midrib, and even on other galls. In instances of severe attacks, when many eggs are laid on the same twig, both the twig and the eggs may die.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA6704DFF668DB35D9BFEFC" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Adults of both sexes become more active in sunshine, congregating in areas of the cage where it is most sunny. If the cage is taken away from the sun, all the adults retreat to the bottom, where their activity decreases significantly. Activity is restored as soon as the cage is placed in direct sunlight again. Adults die around noon of their first day of life.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA6704DFF668C03587CFE67" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFF668C035D5FFEA0" bold="true" box="[199,324,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Predation.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFEEA8C0C5E67FEDF" authority="White" authorityName="White" box="[331,636,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFEEA8C0C5E05FEA0" box="[331,542,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Polybia scutellaris</emphasis>
|
||||
(White)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFD2A8C035F32FEDF" box="[651,809,295,319]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFC928C035F81FEDF" box="[819,922,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) was found to prey on larvae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA6704DFB508C03595DFEDF" box="[1265,1350,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 39" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[213,1383,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[209,1385,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 39. Dicranoses capsulifex galls on Schinus fasciculatus and predator. 34) Host plant habitat; 35) stem with oviposition scars (see arrows) 36) galls; 37) opened galls, without hood, after adult emergence; 38) Polybia scutellaris preying upon D. capsulifex larvae; 39) galls opened by P. scutellaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218807/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||||
). These wasps make a longitudinal incision on the gall to remove and eat the larvae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="50CC25A8FFA6704DFBA08C68584CFE84" box="[1025,1111,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 39" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1930,1953]" captionTargetBox="[213,1383,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[209,1385,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 39. Dicranoses capsulifex galls on Schinus fasciculatus and predator. 34) Host plant habitat; 35) stem with oviposition scars (see arrows) 36) galls; 37) opened galls, without hood, after adult emergence; 38) Polybia scutellaris preying upon D. capsulifex larvae; 39) galls opened by P. scutellaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218807/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||||
). At Chacras de Coria, more galls were attacked by these wasps than those from which adults successfully emerged.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA6704DFF668CB75F49FDF7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFF668CB75D4FFE4C" bold="true" box="[199,340,403,428]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFEFE8CB15F4CFE4D" authority="Kieffer and Jorgensen" authorityName="Kieffer and Jorgensen" box="[351,855,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Promerisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFEFE8CB15E56FE4C" box="[351,589,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Promerisus gallicola</emphasis>
|
||||
Kieffer and Jörgensen
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFCCB8CB05813FE4C" box="[874,1032,404,428]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFBB78CB05885FE4C" box="[1046,1182,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) is a small parasitoid wasp that attacks the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFE578C9D5E90FE30" box="[502,651,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFE578C9D5E90FE30" box="[502,651,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The adults synchronously emerge with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFBF98C9D594AFE30" box="[1112,1361,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFBF98C9D594AFE30" box="[1112,1361,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Dicranoses capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
adults from a circular hole on the gall. In parasitized galls, the parasitoid larvae kill the host’s larva before it can pupate; therefore, in these galls one finds only pupae of the parasitoid.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="80ED6AA6FFA6704DFF668F075FFDFA20" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA6704DFF668F075ED4FCD7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFF668F075DAFFDDC" bold="true" box="[199,436,547,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFE1E8F005E1CFDDC" box="[447,519,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Adults</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFDBB8F075F54FDDC" bold="true" box="[538,847,547,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA6704DFDBB8F075ED1FDDC" box="[538,714,547,572]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
: Mendoza.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Las Heras, Blanco Encalada,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFB148F0058E9FDDC" box="[1205,1266,548,572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||||
SE Puesto La Crucecita (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFEB38F635DA5FDBF" box="[274,446,583,607]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-33.02777">33º01’39.97’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFE6B8F635E65FDBF" box="[458,638,583,607]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-69.00111">69º00’03.99’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFD288F635EFFFDBF" box="[649,740,583,607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.164" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="1164.0">1164 m</quantity>
|
||||
.s.l.) 1 3 2Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFCD08F63580AFDBF" box="[881,1041,583,607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2007-11-05" valueMax="2007-11-18" valueMin="2007-11-05">5–18-XI-2007</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="AEE6A1E8FFA6704DFBD08F6358D3FDBF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1137,1224,583,607]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
), 43 3Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFA8E8F635CD4FD64" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-10-24" valueMax="2008-10-31" valueMin="2008-10-24">24–31-X- 2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA); Luján de Cuyo, Chacras de Coria,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFC998F485F9BFD64" box="[824,896,620,644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||||
NE estación Paso de Los Andes (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFAA78F48598DFD64" box="[1286,1430,620,644]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="15" value="-32.983334">32º59’00’’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFF368FAB5D4FFD47" box="[151,340,655,679]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-68.887375">68º53’14.56’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFEC38FAB5DADFD47" box="[354,438,655,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="generic">
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFEC38FAB5DA9FD47" box="[354,434,655,679]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.47" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="947.0">947 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
s.l.) 13 1Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFD9F8FAB5EB0FD47" box="[574,683,655,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-10-01">1-X-2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="AEE6A1E8FFA6704DFCAF8FAB5F4DFD47" box="[782,854,655,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">IFML</collectionCode>
|
||||
), 223 23Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFC408FAB589FFD47" box="[993,1156,655,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-10-11" valueMax="2008-10-22" valueMin="2008-10-11">11–22-X-2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="AEE6A1E8FFA6704DFB498FAB5926FD47" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1256,1341,655,679]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="AEE6A1E8FFA6704DFAEB8FAB5980FD47" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1354,1435,655,679]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
slides 34342, 34342, 34359, 34360, 34361, 34363, 34384), 13
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFCC18F905FC0FD2C" box="[864,987,692,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-10-17">17-X-2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA), 1Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFB7E8F905950FD2C" box="[1247,1355,692,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2009-10-06">6-X-2009</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA), 43 2Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFECE8FF35DC0FD0F" box="[367,475,727,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2009-10-08">8-X-2009</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA), 13
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFD408FF35F47FD0F" box="[737,860,727,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2009-10-31">31-X-2009</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="AEE6A1E8FFA6704DFC1C8FF3581DFD0F" box="[957,1030,727,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">IFML</collectionCode>
|
||||
), 33
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFBE48FF358D2FD0F" box="[1093,1225,727,751]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2009-11-16">16-XI-2009</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA), 13 6Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFF5B8FD85D65FCF4" box="[250,382,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2009-11-18">18-XI-2009</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA), 83 4Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFD718FD85F7AFCF4" box="[720,865,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-11-01" valueMax="2011-11-02" valueMin="2011-11-01">1–2-XI-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA), 83 1Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFB128FD8595EFCF4" box="[1203,1349,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-11-05" valueMax="2011-11-06" valueMin="2011-11-05">5–6-XI-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA), 43 4Ƥ
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFECD8E3B5DE7FCD7" box="[364,508,799,823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-11-07" valueMax="2011-11-09" valueMin="2011-11-07">7–9-XI-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA6704DFF668E615986FB9C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFF668E615D95FCBC" box="[199,398,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Immature stages:</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFE3B8E675ECBFCBC" bold="true" box="[410,720,835,860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA6704DFE3B8E675E51FCBC" box="[410,586,835,860]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
: Mendoza.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Las Heras, Blanco Encalada,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFB988E605863FCBC" box="[1081,1144,836,860]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||||
SE Puesto La Crucecita (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFF3E8E435D57FC9F" box="[159,332,871,895]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-33.02777">33º01’39.97’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFEFA8E435E14FC9F" box="[347,527,871,895]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-69.00111">69º00’03.99’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFDBC8E435E67FC9F" box="[541,636,871,895]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.164" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="1164.0">1164 m</quantity>
|
||||
.s.l.)
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFD118E435EE4FC9F" box="[688,767,871,895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFCAB8E435F9FFC9F" box="[778,900,871,895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2007-10-23">23-X-2007</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFBC68E4358DFFC9F" box="[1127,1220,871,895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFB6F8E435952FC9F" box="[1230,1353,871,895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2007-10-26">26-X-2007</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA); Luján de Cuyo, Chacras de Coria,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFD3E8EA85EFCFC44" box="[671,743,908,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||||
NE estación Paso de Los Andes (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFBC78EA858EEFC44" box="[1126,1269,908,932]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="15" value="-32.983334">32º59’00’’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFAA38EA85CA9FC27" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-68.887375">68º53’14.56’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFF1E8E8B5D09FC27" box="[191,274,943,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="generic">
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFF1E8E8B5D14FC27" box="[191,271,943,967]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.47" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="947.0">947 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
s.l.)
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFEE38E8B5D94FC27" box="[322,399,943,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFE398E8B5E15FC27" box="[408,526,943,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-11-04">4-XI-2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFD4C8E8B5F4EFC27" box="[749,853,943,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">22 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFCFE8E8B5FEDFC27" box="[863,1014,943,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2010-08-21">21-VIII-2010</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFB758E8B5925FC27" box="[1236,1342,943,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">45 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFAE78E8B5CD5FC0C" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-07-16">16-VII- 2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFE048EF05E17FC0C" box="[421,524,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">23 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFDB28EF05E84FC0C" box="[531,671,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-07-29">29-VII-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFCD68EF05FD5FC0C" box="[887,974,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="pupa">5 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFC748EF0585BFC0C" box="[981,1088,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-10-01">1-X-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFAB98EF05965FC0C" box="[1304,1406,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="pupa">20 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFA248EF05CF0FBEF" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-10-04">4- X-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFE728ED35E24FBEF" box="[467,575,1015,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">12 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFDEA8ED35EDFFBEF" box="[587,708,1015,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-10-11">11-X-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFC0A8ED35812FBEF" box="[939,1033,1015,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">8 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFBB48ED35883FBEF" box="[1045,1176,1015,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-11-27">27-XI-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFA218ED35CC0FBD4" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">12 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFF4089385D75FBD4" box="[225,366,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-12-17">17-XII-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFDE589385EB2FBD4" box="[580,681,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">11 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFD1189385F09FBD4" box="[688,786,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2012-01-02">2-I-2012</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFC498938585AFBD4" box="[1000,1089,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFBE6893858ACFBD4" box="[1095,1207,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2012-01-24">24-I-2012</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFA2F89385CC0FBB7" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">8 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFF47891B5D44FBB7" box="[230,351,1087,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2012-02-17">17-II-2012</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA),
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFDE2891B5EB6FBB7" box="[579,685,1087,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFD19891B5F37FBB7" box="[696,812,1087,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2012-03-09">9-III-2012</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA).
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFBB0891B589FFBB8" bold="true" box="[1041,1156,1087,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">San Luis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Merlo, Camino al Filo, entrada Reserva Floro-faunística (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFDB089405EA8FB9C" box="[529,691,1124,1148]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-32.35627">32º21'22.58''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFD1F89405F7FFB9C" box="[702,868,1124,1148]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="64.95976">64º57'35.16''O</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFCCE89405FDCFB9C" box="[879,967,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="1185.0">1185m</quantity>
|
||||
.s.l.)
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFC5289415857FB9C" box="[1011,1100,1124,1148]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="larva">7 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFBF3894058D7FB9C" box="[1106,1228,1124,1148]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-10-21">21-X-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB) (IADIZA).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA6704DFF6689AC5DE3FA98" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFF6689AC5D1FFB40" box="[199,260,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Galls</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFEB589A35E5CFB40" bold="true" box="[276,583,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA6704DFEB589A35DDFFB40" box="[276,452,1159,1184]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
: Mendoza.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Luján de Cuyo, Las Vegas (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFC3389A3585AFB7F" box="[914,1089,1159,1183]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-33.0164">33º00’59.04’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFBEF89A3591DFB7F" box="[1102,1286,1159,1183]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-69.272255">69º16’20.10’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFAB589A35969FB7F" box="[1300,1394,1159,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.876" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="1876.0">1876 m</quantity>
|
||||
.s.l.)
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFF3689885D35FB24" box="[151,302,1196,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-08-15">15-VIII-2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB); Las Heras, Villavicencio, Puesto Guarda Parques (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFC1F8988587FFB24" box="[958,1124,1196,1220]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-32.523445">32º31’24.4’’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFBD189885917FB24" box="[1136,1292,1196,1220]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="15" value="-68.99416">68º59’39’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFAB689885969FB24" box="[1303,1394,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.511" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="1511.0">1511 m</quantity>
|
||||
.s.l.)
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFF3689EB5D00FB07" box="[151,283,1231,1255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-11-26">26-XI-2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB); Las Heras, Planta Hidroeléctrica Álvarez Condarco (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFC4189EB5895FB07" box="[992,1166,1231,1255]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-33.042953">33º02’34.64’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFB3C89EB594EFB07" box="[1181,1365,1231,1255]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-69.05492">69º03’17.68’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFAC589EB5CAFFAEC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1629999999999998" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="1163.0">1163 m</quantity>
|
||||
.s.l.)
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFF4989D05DDDFAEC" box="[232,454,1268,1292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2011-07-05" valueMax="2011-08-10" valueMin="2011-07-05">5-VII-10-VIII-2011</date>
|
||||
(GSB); Las Heras, Quebrada de la Cascada (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFC7E89D05896FAEC" box="[991,1165,1268,1292]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-32.91922">32º55’09.19’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFB3D89D0594EFAEC" box="[1180,1365,1268,1292]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-69.24201">69º14’31.26’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFAC589D05CAFFACF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="1465.0">1465 m</quantity>
|
||||
.s.l.)
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFF4788335D7BFACF" box="[230,352,1303,1327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2010-10-31">31-X-2010</date>
|
||||
(GSB).
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFE6088335E29FAD0" bold="true" box="[449,562,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">San Luis.</emphasis>
|
||||
Juana Koslay (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFD4388335F77FACF" box="[738,876,1303,1327]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="15" value="-33.28583">33º17’09’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFCD888335829FACF" box="[889,1074,1303,1327]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-66.25942">66º15’33.93’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DEF1F2A4FFA6704DFB9F8833588AFACF" box="[1086,1169,1303,1327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="generic">
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFB9F88335896FACF" box="[1086,1165,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.309999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="831.0">831 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
s.l.)
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFB1E88335958FACF" box="[1215,1347,1303,1327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-09-29">29-IX-2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB),
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFF3688185CE2FAB4" box="[151,249,1340,1364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2010-01-02">2-I-2010</date>
|
||||
(GSB); Merlo, Camino al Filo, entrada Reserva Floro-faunística (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFB97881858C1FAB4" box="[1078,1242,1340,1364]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="-32.35627">32°21'22.58''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="ADC35FEAFFA6704DFB4E88185983FAB4" box="[1263,1432,1340,1364]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" precision="1" value="64.95976">64°57'35.16''O</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="0F0F94C8FFA6704DFF3688445CF4FA98" box="[151,239,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="1185.0">1185m</quantity>
|
||||
.s.l.)
|
||||
<date id="BC491FEDFFA6704DFEBC88445DBBFA98" box="[285,416,1376,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" value="2008-09-24">24-IX-2008</date>
|
||||
(GSB).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA6704DFF6688A05FFDFA20" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFF6688A05E86FA7C" box="[199,669,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Material from bibliographical resources</emphasis>
|
||||
(not examined).
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFCCE88A758A6FA7C" bold="true" box="[879,1213,1411,1436]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA6704DFCCE88A75804FA7C" box="[879,1055,1411,1436]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
: Catamarca.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Quebrada del Río Andalgal (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFA6704DFEAD888C5DDBFA20" author="Jorgensen" box="[268,448,1448,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1917) Zoocecidios argentinos. Physis, 3, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1917">Jörgensen 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFE7588835E0CFA20" bold="true" box="[468,535,1447,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Salta.</emphasis>
|
||||
Quebrada de las Lajas (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFA6704DFC84888C5FC2FA20" author="Jorgensen" box="[805,985,1448,1472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Jorgensen, P. (1917) Zoocecidios argentinos. Physis, 3, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1917">Jörgensen 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="80ED6AA6FFA6704DFF6688E85E7EF874" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C848392DFFA6704DFF6688E85E7EF874" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFF6688E85D20FA04" bold="true" box="[199,315,1484,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFA6704DFEE788E85E87FA04" author="Kieffer" box="[326,668,1484,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Kieffer, J. J. & Jorgensen, P. (1910) Gallen und Gallentiere aus Argentinien. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskarankheiten, 27, 363 - 444." type="journal article" year="1910">Kieffer and Jörgensen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described six new species giving credit to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFA6704DFB0288E85987FA04" box="[1187,1436,1484,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Strand, E. (1911) Sechs neue Gelechiidae aus Argentinien. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 55, 165 - 173." type="journal article">Strand. Strand (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
redescribed these species and stated that: several microlepidoptera reared from galls from Mendoza,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA6704DFA8788D45983F9E8" box="[1318,1432,1520,1544]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, were presented to the Royal Zoological Museum in Berlin by Prof. Dr. J.J. Kieffer (Bitsch). In our search for
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFA6704DFACD8B315987F9CD" box="[1388,1436,1557,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0FF742AEFFA6704DFE958B1D5DD1F9B0" box="[308,458,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidosidae" genus="Dicranoses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capsulifex">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFE958B1D5DD1F9B0" box="[308,458,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">D. capsulifex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we requested any
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFA6704DFD088B1D5EC2F9B1" box="[681,729,1593,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
material from: the Museum für Naturkunde (ZMHB) (Berlin,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA6704DFF368B785D1FF994" box="[151,260,1628,1652]" name="Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), where Kieffer sent material according to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFA6704DFCAF8B785FA9F994" author="Strand" box="[782,946,1628,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Strand, E. (1911) Sechs neue Gelechiidae aus Argentinien. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 55, 165 - 173." type="journal article" year="1911">Strand (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; from Strand’s collection at Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (SGN) (Frankfurt,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA6704DFD5B8BA45F7CF978" box="[762,871,1664,1688]" name="Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
); and from Jörgensen’s collection at Museo de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN) (Buenos Aires,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B0E079BDFFA6704DFC1F8B805828F95C" box="[958,1075,1700,1724]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). Officials at these institutions reported that no
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFA6704DFEF18BED5D9BF901" box="[336,384,1737,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimens were found. Furthermore,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFA6704DFC8B8BEC5FDEF900" author="Gagne" box="[810,965,1736,1760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1994) The gall midges of the Neotropical Region. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 352 pp." type="book" year="1994">Gagne (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided a short biography of J.J. Kieffer in which he noted that all
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFA6704DFE1A8BC95DF0F8E5" box="[443,491,1773,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
material of Neotropical cecidomyiids was lost. Gagne mentioned that he personally went to Bitsch (Kieffer’s birth place) and did not find any of Kieffer’s collection. Based on the information available, we believe that the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFA6704DFE408A105E0EF8AC" box="[481,533,1844,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
(s) is lost and we provide only the information provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AC6644DCFFA6704DFB068A105CFAF890" author="Kieffer" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" refString="Kieffer, J. J. & Jorgensen, P. (1910) Gallen und Gallentiere aus Argentinien. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskarankheiten, 27, 363 - 444." type="journal article" year="1910">Kieffer and Jörgensen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFA6704DFE9C8A7D5D76F891" box="[317,365,1881,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality. As Kieffer and Jörgensen (
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA83E53FFFA6704DFCA98A7D5F4DF890" box="[776,854,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">op. cit.</emphasis>
|
||||
) do not mention number of specimens used for the study, we refer to this material as
|
||||
<typeStatus id="174C878FFFA6704DFDB18A585E5CF874" box="[528,583,1916,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
(s).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
154
data/40/5E/D3/405ED3902687B6BC01F0999C37DF4F0C.xml
Normal file
154
data/40/5E/D3/405ED3902687B6BC01F0999C37DF4F0C.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F71E095AF3C436BE9E425DC45E4173D3">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<treatment id="405ED3902687B6BC01F0999C37DF4F0C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231545160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:405ED3902687B6BC01F0999C37DF4F0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/405ED3902687B6BC01F0999C37DF4F0C" lastPageNumber="259" pageNumber="259" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13700274">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="45B152933495F7888868D137063F7ED4" pageNumber="259" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="362EC06D222651E71B468164788D61D8" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="841665557EC48A014348BBD713946785" ID-CoL="53G5W" authority="Thomas 1897" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7B4AD6B104319B8C72B33D5C146472B7" italics="true" pageNumber="259">Suncus lixus</emphasis>
|
||||
Thomas 1897
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B9D54717A95DC1986AC5EF4B2F6ADC80" pageNumber="259" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2206B088EB6CB2CCDA3F95F77DDFCA94" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="0088EECE023B4D3CF65FFCA7EE8C3519" author="Thomas" authority="Thomas 1897" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" journal="Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond." kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" page="930" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixus" title="Suncus lixus" volume="1897" year="1897">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="27D2DF460E452EBFEB8E856AF339F683" ID-CoL="53G5W" authority="Thomas 1897" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="380A55CF7C8B45BB0760D62ADEC29673" italics="true" pageNumber="259">Suncus lixus</emphasis>
|
||||
Thomas 1897
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibCitation id="C98CD11BD20651D1A0A3F10A67D89F86" author="Thomas" journal="Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond." pageNumber="259" pagination="930" title="Suncus lixus" volume="1897" year="1897">Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897: 930</bibCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A7E261FDE892428CB7902B6DFFA98E00" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2048FB2B88F2A7262F3436A496E7C9D0" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5C9D61AC4E90365A965C0F5BB2D37D14" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="259">Type Locality:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F12165B6109597283A1C76B2F5A252C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867338758" country="Malawi" latitude="-11.0" longitude="34.166668" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="CF2EF4D44564B42B9911E3FF082059F5" name="Malawi">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Nyika Plateau (between 10 and
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="87EAC231D4C0576E54603B676626FFCE" degrees="11" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55555" value="-11.0">11°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
and 33°40' to
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="0682B3FA0F957BFE1F95AD5FDF4700E9" degrees="34" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="34.166668">34°10'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F6C03C8F203103F0AE1E4312B1BEBEB6" pageNumber="259" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3771069FD8F70016D762DC7DB0E51094" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<emphasis id="52790823FA7165B6AA6E2768B6703555" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="259">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="E6B1BE20445286143A1BB8652A319317" language="eng" pageNumber="259">Greater Dwarf Shrew</vernacularName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C115C48AD8DBF4C9686B6A2EC7BEDD43" pageNumber="259" type="synonym_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C62F75C1FB66DAEC872356D6242117B5" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CD3B46D7DB2D5CA17A14C4275A2F410C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="259">Synonyms:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="54F875199170035516557E0E94B405E9" authority="(Thomas and Schwann 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Thomas and Schwann" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gratulus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2EC95D6FE5F084B659A5CA9B684ECA0" italics="true" pageNumber="259">Suncus gratulus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Thomas and Schwann 1907)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="306BB06DA77A4586BE1BDEA2099D6E7F" pageNumber="259" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="74443E406A18D63CA9C1A80456ED3C4C" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<emphasis id="321E990243F2B1D53406A6C55DF453C8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="259">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||||
Savanna zones of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B4918C0A82C24EC00A507B56D1111925" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="D8908D78F4863A5643B20E1E090AC312" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="346ECBC610BA929DA25F385E4FBF8E75" name="Malawi">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Dem. Rep.
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="6DD93EE471E3D3DD0C01E8480018485A" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="FC21FAD9D5BF091C018215A203752429" name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B1E13F10B9032E6E123AC40BA858B094" name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="C2209CD9BA77DF37E5C94F8AAB018AC1" name="Botswana">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="68569F041A1CE547E6FBE1DC2CB37A52" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="DBD90B8F4FD90FE9E59E1DBBF00E790E" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Northwest Prov.,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4A7D1818A402AF0F3426388AA9739E2D" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="2B45A4D9E106BB363A2BC5E7CFCC034E" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo">Limpopo</collectingRegion>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F401636733749FB1D03DD5872BD22490" pageNumber="259" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C5462F5FC8F56C21733360679A6CA848" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3ECB9158B644A0AC1714224DF952CFBF" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="259">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="6E019550BDAD8FC5E37E8D206B9A1767">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||||
– Lower Risk (lc).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E572A14B60E3A94449C09C0588DFD05C" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0C499569E59E0D797A0AA5B03E552E7B" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
<emphasis id="83EDF59C6E4789D4148BE24E9DF29A89" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="259">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5CC319885C777E868BFE98F87222C3AE" author="Heim de Balsac, H. & J. Meester" refId="ref145661" refString="Heim de Balsac, H., and J. Meester. 1977. Order Insectivora. Part 1. Pp. 1 - 29, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.). [issued 22 Aug 1977]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated." year="1977">Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="446DDFC7AD736603ABB58BCAD9B05D89" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1912" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequatorius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="40EEE24534DF62D725066C795650D801" italics="true" pageNumber="259">aequatorius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5E23BB36E9FDF8F2C048A96D67D9E64D" baseAuthorityName="Thomas and Schwann" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gratulus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CB530BDC1165406B1D804A89AE7FEE98" italics="true" pageNumber="259">gratulus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E0CC16BDE98551188E81BF16C16F587" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lixus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B98F4465FA0D3DA1988BF7BDC6A5D748" italics="true" pageNumber="259">lixus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; the former is treated as a separate species here.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="38C75F57F2A3977DE65B63910DF4BE78" author="Gureev, A. A." refId="ref135725" refString="Gureev, A. A. 1979. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayutschie, tom. 4, vyp. 2. Nasekomoyadnye ... [Fauna of the USSR, Mammals, vol. 4, pt. 2. Insectivores (Mammalia, Insectivora)]. Nauka, Leningrad, 501 pp. (in Russian)." year="1979">Gureev (1979:383)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
listed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="65FFB7B114F427095141A539E473FAF4" baseAuthorityName="Thomas and Schwann" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Suncus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gratulus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B16906DC6FAF9E08686CB72A212BAFFA" italics="true" pageNumber="259">gratulus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as a distinct species without comment.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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