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<document id="6CABD19C9DE7E110841D7955BB75255A" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1723062077113" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ziegler, Reinhard" docDate="2003" docId="480C87994001761DDE62D08BFF28FBCB" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.4.617-648.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Mygalea antiqua" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="620" masterDocId="B435FFE14003761EDE04D555FFF9FFA9" masterDocTitle="Moles (Talpidae) from the late Middle Miocene of South Germany" masterLastPageNumber="648" masterPageNumber="617" pageNumber="619" updateTime="1723752882756" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="55D7D555FD11DED73E552E3A87570069">Moles (Talpidae) from the late Middle Miocene of South Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0A326BD0E932DB4BCB3FF1AEB2D88652">Ziegler, Reinhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8D474C1DFA4CCC69DE0BDAE88F13C0E9">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3465AB07E2BAA2B038B513DFF8916EAD">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4A9BB94E26992E1FAD20C0A3861104A8">2003-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7F5D02EAFC5BF46407F60E1BAD126129">48</mods:number>
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<treatment id="480C87994001761DDE62D08BFF28FBCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:480C87994001761DDE62D08BFF28FBCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/480C87994001761DDE62D08BFF28FBCB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="620" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<subSubSection id="88BF65044001761CDE62D08BFE07FA52" box="[102,510,1502,1531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDE62D08BFE07FA52" blockId="2.[102,510,1502,1565]" box="[102,510,1502,1531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<heading id="9B5281E34001761CDE62D08BFE07FA52" box="[102,510,1502,1531]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4001761CDE62D08BFE07FA52" authority="(Pomel, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Pomel" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[102,510,1502,1531]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mygalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiqua">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDE62D08BFEC6FA52" box="[102,319,1502,1531]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Mygalea antiqua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E4001761CDF54D08BFE0CFA52" author="Pomel, N. A." box="[336,501,1502,1531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" pagination="159 - 165" refId="ref29582" refString="Pomel, N. A. 1848. Etudes sur les carnassiers insectivores. I. Insectivores fossils. II. Classification des insectivores. Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles 9: 159 - 165, 244 - 251." type="journal article" year="1848">Pomel, 1848</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88BF65044001761CDE62D352FAAFF8A0" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" type="description">
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDE62D352FF5DF9B4" blockId="2.[102,510,1502,1565]" box="[102,164,1543,1565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<figureCitation id="589E2A0A4001761CDE62D352FF66F9B4" box="[102,159,1543,1565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,668,687]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,230,637]" captionTargetId="figure-601@2.[102,1486,230,637]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Mygalea antiqua, Petersbuch 6. A. Left m1–m3, NHMA P6−1065.1, in occlusal (A1) and buccal (A2) views; ca. × 10. B. Left dentary with m3 and complete ascending ramus, NHMA P6−1065.2, buccal view; ca. × 5." pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDE62D365FD55F8A1" blockId="2.[102,775,1584,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDE62D365FE3EF9E1" box="[102,455,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Material and measurements</emphasis>
.—Petersbuch 6: NHMA P6−1065/1, left dentary fragment with m1–m3; Lm1–m3 (6.45), h of dentary below m1 (2.80), m1 (2.38×1.17×1.36), m2 (2.32×1.25×1.35), m3 (1.97×1.09×1.02); NHMA P6− 1065/2, left dentary fragment with m3 and complete ascending ramus; h of dentary below m1 (2.70), h1 of coronoid (9.15), h2 of coronoid (7.80), m3 (1.86×1.04×0.95).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDE62D273FF13F894" blockId="2.[102,234,1830,1853]" box="[102,234,1830,1853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDE62D273FF13F894" box="[102,234,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDE62D207FC09FBEF" blockId="2.[102,774,1874,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[812,1485,781,1094]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDE62D207FF31F8C3" bold="true" box="[102,200,1874,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Dentary</emphasis>
.—The coronoid process, which is slightly bent posteriorly, forms a nearly right angle with the horizontal ramus. The masseteric fossa is moderately deep. The internal temporal fossa is deeply excavated. The mandibular foramen opens directly below the mylohyoid ridge, slightly posterior to the centre of the ascending ramus. The angular process is shovel−shaped with an internal concavity and a crest on the external side. The condylar process lies high above the level of the tooth−row. There are two mental foramina: one between the roots of m1, another beneath p1 or the posterior root of p2. There are 10 alveoles anterior to m1: two for p2–p4 each and one for i1, i2, c and p1 each. Consequently, the mandibular dental formula is 2−1−4−3. According to the alveoles the lower premolars decrease in size anteriorly, the i1 is procumbent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDD28D103FBBDFA47" blockId="2.[812,1485,1110,1518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDD28D103FC2EFBC7" bold="true" box="[812,983,1110,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Lower molars</emphasis>
.—The size relation of the lower molars is m1&gt;m2&gt;m3. In the m1 the trigonid is distinctly narrower than the talonid, in the m2 only slightly, in the m3 it is somewhat wider. The protoconid is slightly higher than the hypoconid in the m1, but distinctly higher in m2 and m3. Most conspicuous in the lower molars is the strong cingulid, which extends from below the paraconid to the hypoconid. Postcingulids are somewhat weaker on m1 and m2 and rudimentary on m3. Lingual cingulids are absent. A short entostylid is developed in m1 and m2. The oblique cristid terminates at the posterior wall of the trigonid below the protocristid, slightly lingual to the protocristid notch. In the m2 a faint metacristid is developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDD28D352FC5EF9B7" blockId="2.[812,935,1543,1566]" box="[812,935,1543,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDD28D352FC5EF9B7" box="[812,935,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDD28D364FAAFF8A0" blockId="2.[812,1485,1585,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<materialsCitation id="70CD3CD24001761CDD28D364FAABF8A0" collectionCode="MN" county="Lower Miocene" location="There" municipality="Calcareous Tertiary" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" specimenCode="MN 2" specimenCount="1">
<location id="C57A60544001761CDD28D364FC94F9E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:480C87994001761DDE62D08BFF28FBCB:C57A60544001761CDD28D364FC94F9E0" box="[812,877,1585,1609]" county="Lower Miocene" municipality="Calcareous Tertiary" name="There" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">There</location>
are three
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4001761CDDE4D364FB62F9E0" box="[992,1179,1585,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDDE4D364FBBBF9E0" box="[992,1090,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Mygalea</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the
<location id="C57A60544001761CDAEFD364FC19F9C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:480C87994001761DDE62D08BFF28FBCB:C57A60544001761CDAEFD364FC19F9C0" county="Lower Miocene" municipality="Calcareous Tertiary" name="Miocene of Europe. Mygaleamagna" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
Miocene of Europe.
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDD28D304FC19F9C0" box="[812,992,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Mygaleamagna</emphasis>
</location>
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E4001761CDDE2D304FB87F9C3" author="Ziegler, R." box="[998,1150,1617,1642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref30654" refString="Ziegler, R. 1990. Talpidae (Insectivora, Mammalia) aus dem Oberoligozan und Untermiozan Suddeutschlands. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde B 167: 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1990">Ziegler, 1990</bibRefCitation>
, the oldest and largest species, is only known from the
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D4001761CDA39D327FB94F923" box="[1085,1133,1650,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">type</typeStatus>
locality
<location id="C57A60544001761CDAD5D324FAABF920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:480C87994001761DDE62D08BFF28FBCB:C57A60544001761CDAD5D324FAABF920" box="[1233,1362,1649,1673]" county="Lower Miocene" municipality="Calcareous Tertiary" name="Budenheim" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Budenheim</location>
or
<location id="C57A60544001761CDB7DD324FA34F920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:480C87994001761DDE62D08BFF28FBCB:C57A60544001761CDB7DD324FA34F920" box="[1401,1485,1649,1673]" county="Lower Miocene" municipality="Calcareous Tertiary" name="Hessler" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Hessler</location>
from the
<collectingMunicipality id="207EACF54001761CDD97D3C4FB89F900" box="[915,1136,1681,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Calcareous Tertiary</collectingMunicipality>
in the Mainz Basin. It is correlated with the
<collectingCounty id="297B4E034001761CDDD1D3E7FB72F960" box="[981,1163,1713,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Lower Miocene</collectingCounty>
(Middle Agenian,
<specimenCode id="90039EF44001761CDB6FD3E7FA4BF963" box="[1387,1458,1714,1738]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">MN 2</specimenCode>
a). This species has distinctly larger, primarily wider, teeth than the Petersbuch specimens and has the i3 retained
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88BF65044001761DDD56D247FE12FC89" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="620" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761CDD56D247FA73F803" blockId="2.[812,1485,1585,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4001761CDD56D247FB36F883" authority="(Seemann, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Seemann" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[850,1231,1810,1834]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mygalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaegeri">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4001761CDD56D247FBF3F880" box="[850,1034,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">Mygalea jaegeri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E4001761CDA1CD247FB3EF883" author="Seemann, I." box="[1048,1223,1810,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref30053" refString="Seemann, I. 1938. Die Insektenfresser, Fledermause und Nager aus der obermiocanen Braunkohle von Viehhausen bei Regensburg. Palaeontographica A 89: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1938">Seemann, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is mainly known from faunas correlatable with MN 5, e.g., the
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D4001761CDAFDD267FAD0F8E3" box="[1273,1321,1842,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">type</typeStatus>
locality Viehhausen near Regensburg (
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E4001761CDA6CD207FAE3F8C3" author="Seemann, I." box="[1128,1306,1874,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref30053" refString="Seemann, I. 1938. Die Insektenfresser, Fledermause und Nager aus der obermiocanen Braunkohle von Viehhausen bei Regensburg. Palaeontographica A 89: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1938">Seemann 1938</bibRefCitation>
) and Sandelzhausen (
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E4001761CDD8ED227FBD9F823" author="Ziegler, R." box="[906,1056,1906,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="619" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref30654" refString="Ziegler, R. 1990. Talpidae (Insectivora, Mammalia) aus dem Oberoligozan und Untermiozan Suddeutschlands. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde B 167: 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1990">Ziegler 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 2000). This species also has retained its i3 and it is smaller than the specimens under study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F4001761DDD56D2E7FE12FC89" blockId="2.[812,1485,1585,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[102,786,232,1122]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="620" pageId="2" pageNumber="619">
In the evolutionary level, as indicated by the reduced number of lower incisors, both Petersbuch dentaries come closest to
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4000761DDEDBD5BDFE5DFEA9" baseAuthorityName="Pomel" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[223,420,232,256]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mygalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiqua">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4000761DDEDBD5BDFE5DFEA9" box="[223,420,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">Mygalea antiqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sansan, where the i3 is lost. The position of the mental foramina is quite variable in the Sansan sample. In four dentaries the following combinations are present: (1) anterior part broken/ below anterior root of m1, (2) below p1 and anterior root of p3, (3) below c and p4/m1, (4) below p1 and p4. Compared to Petersbuch 6, the mental foramina are slightly shifted anteriorly in the Sansan sample. In two dentaries the m1 is larger than the m2, in another it is smaller. However, in overall size the lower molars are larger, mainly wider than ours. In spite of this small size difference, the Petersbuch
<specimenCount id="D6A3FD064000761DDC48D77DFD23FDE9" box="[588,730,552,576]" count="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
are considered to represent
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4000761DDF85D71DFDBFFDC9" baseAuthorityName="Pomel" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[385,582,584,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mygalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiqua">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4000761DDF85D71DFDBFFDC9" box="[385,582,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">Mygalea antiqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species is also recorded in the Swiss localities Zeglingen, Rümikon and Schwamendingen (
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E4000761DDF71D7DDFE05FD08" author="Kalin, D." box="[373,508,648,673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref29162" refString="Kalin, D. 1993. Stratigraphie und Saugetierfaunen der Oberen Susswasser-molasse der Nordwestschweiz. Dissertation Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich 10152: 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1993">Kälin 1993</bibRefCitation>
, all MN 6), and in the German sites Langenau (
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E4000761DDF87D7FDFD57FD68" author="Sach, V. &amp; Heizmann, E. P. J." box="[387,686,680,705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref29932" refString="Sach, V. and Heizmann, E. P. J. 2001. Stratigraphie und Saugetierfaunen der Brackwassermolasse in der Umgebung von Ulm (Sudwestdeutschland). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde B 310: 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="2001">Sach and Heizmann 2001</bibRefCitation>
, MN 4) and Hambach 6C (
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4000761DDF48D79CFDC0FD49" authority=", MN" authorityName="MN" box="[332,569,712,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mygalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiqua">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4000761DDF48D79CFE9AFD49" box="[332,355,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">M</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4000761DDFA5D79CFE01FD49" box="[417,504,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">antiqua</emphasis>
, MN
</taxonomicName>
5/6, Z iegler and Mörs 2000). The Petersbuch 6 sample is the latest record of this species and its genus thus far.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88BF65044000761DDE8FD67FFF28FBCB" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" type="description">
<paragraph id="C01A368F4000761DDE8FD67FFF28FBCB" blockId="3.[102,786,232,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4000761DDE8FD67FFF16FCEB" authorityName="Schreuder" authorityYear="1940" box="[139,239,810,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mygalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4000761DDE8FD67FFF16FCEB" box="[139,239,810,834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">Mygalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is allocated to the
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4000761DDFDED67FFD9EFCEB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1912" box="[474,615,810,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmaninae">Desmaninae</taxonomicName>
by most students except
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E4000761DDF02D61FFE1DFCCB" author="Rumke, C. G." box="[262,484,842,866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref29866" refString="Rumke, C. G. 1985. A review of fossil and Recent Desmaninae (Talpidae, Insectivora). Utrecht Micropalaeontological Bulletins. Special Publication 4: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1985">Rümke (1985: 16)</bibRefCitation>
. She considers the subfamilial allocation not justified, unless the intermediate position of
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4000761DDECBD6DFFECAFC0B" authorityName="Schreuder" authorityYear="1940" box="[207,307,906,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mygalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4000761DDECBD6DFFECAFC0B" box="[207,307,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">Mygalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be demonstrated. I think this is not necessary. The humeri of all three
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<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4000761DDC17D6FFFD8EFC6B" box="[531,631,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">Mygalea</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are known and show clear desmanine affinities. In the most advanced species,
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C4000761DDF18D6BEFE6EFBAB" box="[284,407,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Mygalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="620" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antiqua">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D4000761DDF18D6BEFE6EFBAB" box="[284,407,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="620">M.antiqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the i3 is absent. Hence it cannot be ancestral to any extant desmanine. The genus may be a desmanine side branch that became extinct in the early Late Miocene.
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)
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<figureCitation id="589E2A0A400B7616DD28D7E4FC9FFD6E" box="[812,870,689,711]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[102,135,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[104,772,223,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-468@9.[104,773,223,1696]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Leptoscaptorrobustior gen. et sp. nov., Petersbuch 35. A. Right dentary with p4–m1, NHMA P35−57A1, buccal view; ca. × 10. B. Holotype, right humerus, NHMA P35−58/6, in anterior (B1) and posterior (B2) views; ca. × 7.5." pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="C01A368F400B7616DD28D78CFB3CFCA2" blockId="8.[812,1485,729,973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D78CFC6AFD46" box="[812,915,729,751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Etymology</emphasis>
: From Latin
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<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DA0FD78CFB9DFD46" box="[1035,1124,729,751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">robustior</emphasis>
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,more robust. The humerus is more robust than in the
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D400B7616DDC1D7A0FC17FCA2" box="[965,1006,757,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400B7616DA3BD7A0FB46FCA2" box="[1087,1215,757,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DA3BD7A0FB46FCA2" box="[1087,1215,757,779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">L. bavaricum</emphasis>
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.
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<paragraph id="C01A368F400B7616DD28D642FAD0FC84" blockId="8.[812,1485,729,973]" box="[812,1321,791,813]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<materialsCitation id="70CD3CD2400B7616DD28D642FAD0FC84" box="[812,1321,791,813]" collectionCode="NHMA" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" specimenCode="P35-58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D642FC7DFC84" box="[812,900,791,813]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D400B7616DD28D642FC7DFC84" box="[812,900,791,813]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Right humerus,
<collectionCode id="A6B4AE4A400B7616DA2FD642FB8DFC84" box="[1067,1140,791,813]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hq5h-77zh" name="Natural History Museum, Aarhus Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" type="Museum">NHMA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="90039EF4400B7616DA7ED642FB3BFC84" box="[1146,1218,791,813]" collectionCode="NHMA" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hq5h-77zh" name="Natural History Museum, Aarhus Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" type="Museum">P35−58</specimenCode>
/6, fig. 3A.
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<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D66FFBB3FCF9" box="[812,1098,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Measurementsoftheholotype</emphasis>
: GL (10.5), Bp (6.35), BpwT (5.70); SD (2.56), BdwE (5.14), Bp*100/GL (60.5).
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<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D62CFC50FC27" box="[812,937,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Type locality</emphasis>
: Petersbuch 35 (details see p. 618).
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<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400B7616DD28D6CEFCA8FC18" authorityName="Diakonoff" authorityYear="1982" box="[812,849,923,945]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Age" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D6CEFCA8FC18" box="[812,849,923,945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Age</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Uppermost part of the Middle Miocene (MN 8 according to
<bibRefCitation id="A4344B7E400B7616DD28D6E2FC4EFC64" author="Rummel, M." box="[812,951,951,973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" pagination="149 - 171" refId="ref29899" refString="Rummel, M. 2000. Die Cricetodontini aus dem Miozan von Petersbuch bei Eichstatt. Die Gattung C ricetodon Lartet 1851. Senckenbergianalethaea 80 (1): 149 - 171." type="journal article" year="2000">Rummel 2000</bibRefCitation>
, means MN 7+8.)
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<materialsCitation id="70CD3CD2400B7616DD28D6B5FABBFBFE" collectionCode="NHMA" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" specimenCode="P35-57, A1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D6B5FC64FC5E" box="[812,925,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D400B7616DD28D6B5FC64FC5E" box="[812,925,992,1015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(measurements see
<tableCitation id="8D270334400B7616DA88D68AFB16FC5E" box="[1164,1263,991,1015]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[102,155,231,253]" captionText="Table 1. Leptoscaptor, sample statistics of the teeth (L.bavaricum, Petersbuch 10, L. robustior, Petersbuch 35, Petersbuch 48, L. bavaricum–L. robustior, Petersbuch 6, Petersbuch 18)." pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="8D270334400B7616DB05D68AFAF6FC5E" box="[1281,1295,991,1015]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[102,157,237,259]" captionText="Table 2. Leptoscaptor bavaricum (Petetersbuch 10) and L. robustior (Petetersbuch 35, 48), sample statistics of the humeri." pageId="8" pageNumber="625">2</tableCitation>
).—Petersbuch 35:
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<specimenCode id="90039EF4400B7616DD78D154FC18FBBE" box="[892,993,1025,1047]" collectionCode="NHMA" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hq5h-77zh" name="Natural History Museum, Aarhus Denmark" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" type="Museum">P35−57A1</specimenCode>
, right dentary fragment with teeth; CRW P35−57+ 58, 4 dentary fragments with teeth, left maxilla fragment with p4, 7 isolated teeth, 11 humerus fragments, right ulna fragments
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400B7616DD28D13CFC58FB48" blockId="8.[812,1485,1129,1249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D13CFC0BFB28" box="[812,1010,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Referred material</emphasis>
(measurements see
<tableCitation id="8D270334400B7616DAD3D13CFAC1FB28" box="[1239,1336,1129,1153]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[102,155,231,253]" captionText="Table 1. Leptoscaptor, sample statistics of the teeth (L.bavaricum, Petersbuch 10, L. robustior, Petersbuch 35, Petersbuch 48, L. bavaricum–L. robustior, Petersbuch 6, Petersbuch 18)." pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="8D270334400B7616DB4CD13CFAADFB28" box="[1352,1364,1129,1153]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[102,157,237,259]" captionText="Table 2. Leptoscaptor bavaricum (Petetersbuch 10) and L. robustior (Petetersbuch 35, 48), sample statistics of the humeri." pageId="8" pageNumber="625">2</tableCitation>
).—Petersbuch 48: CRW P48−93–94, left dentary fragment with p3–p4, right maxilla fragment with M2, 3 isolated teeth, 3 humerus fragments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400B7616DD28D1A1FB04FAE2" blockId="8.[812,1485,1267,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D1A1FC67FAA2" box="[812,926,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.—Medium−sized species of
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400B7616DAFCD1A1FA75FAA2" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" box="[1272,1420,1268,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DAFCD1A1FA75FAA2" box="[1272,1420,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Leptoscaptor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with postcranial elements more robust than in the
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D400B7616DB1CD046FAB1FA82" box="[1304,1352,1299,1323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">type</typeStatus>
species and with two mental foramina on the dentary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400B7616DD28D032FBA4FAD7" blockId="8.[812,1117,1382,1406]" box="[812,1117,1382,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D032FBA4FAD7" box="[812,1117,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D400B7616DDF9D033FBA4FAD7" box="[1021,1117,1382,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400B7616DD28D0C7FB7DF943" blockId="8.[812,1485,1426,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Pectoral crest, deltoid process and the epicondylar spines are broken. The long axis of the elliptical head is directed parallel to the shaft. The marked scalopine ridged separates two areas in different planes. The brachialis fossa is moderately deep. The anterior aspect shows the pectoral process in midshaft position and a concave area delimited by pectoral crest, pectoral ridge, and greater tubercle. Above the distal epiphysis there is a wide olecranon fossa and a small supratrochlear fossa. The broad trochlea only leaves a narrow notch, separating trochlea and the fossa for the m. flexor digitorum profundus ligament.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400B7616DD28D253FAC5F8B7" blockId="8.[812,1340,1798,1822]" box="[812,1340,1798,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D253FAC5F8B7" box="[812,1340,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
Description of
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D400B7616DDD0D253FBBBF8B4" box="[980,1090,1798,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
and referred material
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400B7617DD28D267FB46FE89" blockId="8.[812,1485,1842,2026]" lastBlockId="9.[812,1485,232,288]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="626" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400B7616DD28D267FC77F8E3" bold="true" box="[812,910,1842,1866]" pageId="8" pageNumber="625">Dentary</emphasis>
.—There are five fragments of the horizontal ramus from Petersbuch 35, and one from Petersbuch 48. The consistent presence of two mental foramina is characteristic: below the anterior roots of p3 and p4 (once), beneath the posterior root of p2 and between the roots of p4 (twice), below the anterior root of p3 and under the posterior root of p4 (once) in the Petersbuch 35 sample. In the Petersbuch
<specimenCount id="D6A3FD06400A7617DC49D207FD20F8C3" box="[589,729,1874,1898]" count="48" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" type="generic">48 specimen</specimenCount>
one mental foramen is situated beneath the anterior root of p3, another below the anterior root of p4. In
<specimenCount id="D6A3FD06400A7617DC34D2C7FD23F803" box="[560,730,1938,1962]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
the alveoles of the double−rooted p2–p3 and the single−rooted canine are preserved. The Petersbuch 48 dentary also preserves the canine alveolus and the two incisor alveoli, indicating that i2 was larger than i1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400A7617DD28D462FB46FEC7" blockId="9.[812,1485,311,367]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DD28D462FC89FEE6" bold="true" box="[812,880,311,335]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Teeth</emphasis>
.—In the morphology of the preserved teeth there is no difference to those of
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DA26D402FB41FEC6" box="[1058,1208,343,367]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DA26D402FB41FEC6" box="[1058,1208,343,367]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">L. bavaricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400A7617DD28D4D0FAC8FDB4" blockId="9.[812,1485,389,541]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DD28D4D0FC04FE34" bold="true" box="[812,1021,389,413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Postcranialbones</emphasis>
.—Aside from the
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D400A7617DACDD4D0FB00FE34" box="[1225,1273,389,413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">type</typeStatus>
specimen there are 11 additional humerus fragments from Petersbuch 35 and three from Petersbuch 48, which correspond in robustness. The ulna fragment from Petersbuch 35 was referred because of matching size. It has a deep abductor fossa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400A7617DD28D715FC38FDFE" blockId="9.[812,961,576,599]" box="[812,961,576,599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DD28D715FC38FDFE" box="[812,961,576,599]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Comparisons</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400A7617DD28D73BFB14FD6F" blockId="9.[812,1485,622,811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DD28D73BFC49FD2F" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" box="[812,944,622,646]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustior">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DD28D73BFC49FD2F" box="[812,944,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">L.robustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite similar to the
<typeStatus id="1F1E882D400A7617DAA4D73AFB29FD2E" box="[1184,1232,623,647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DBB2D73AFC5DFD0F" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DBB2D73AFC5DFD0F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">L. bavaricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Only this species can be confused and needs to be differentiated.
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DDF7D7FAFB81FD6F" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" box="[1011,1144,686,710]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustior">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DDF7D7FAFB81FD6F" box="[1011,1144,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">L. robustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400A7617DD28D784FB55FCA1" blockId="9.[812,1485,622,811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">– the consistent presence of two mental foramina, which are situated slightly more posterior,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400A7617DD28D646FB39FC82" blockId="9.[812,1485,622,811]" box="[812,1216,787,811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">– a distinctly more robust humerus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400A7617DD28D61BFC5EFCCC" blockId="9.[812,935,846,869]" box="[812,935,846,869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DD28D61BFC5EFCCC" box="[812,935,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C01A368F400A7617DD28D628FB44FA1D" blockId="9.[812,1485,892,1460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">
In the small talpid sample from Petersbuch 35 there are only two species:
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DDCDD6C8FB0FFC1D" baseAuthorityName="Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[969,1270,925,948]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Proscapanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sansaniensis">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DDCDD6C8FB0FFC1D" box="[969,1270,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Proscapanus sansaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DB3DD6C8FC6DFC7D" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustior">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DB3DD6C8FC6DFC7D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Leptoscaptor robustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As both species differ markedly in size and robustness of the humerus they are easily distinguishable. Assuming that there are not two different species, one being represented by teeth only and the other exclusively by postcranial elements, the association of postcranial elements and dental remains in
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DDAFD108FB56FBDD" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" box="[939,1199,1116,1140]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustior">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DDAFD108FB56FBDD" box="[939,1199,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Leptoscaptor robustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is without alternative. In the Petersbuch 48 talpid fauna there are only three species, which also can be readily distinguished:
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DB10D1C8FA3CFB1D" baseAuthorityName="Lartet" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1300,1477,1181,1204]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Proscapanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sansaniensis">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DB10D1C8FA3CFB1D" box="[1300,1477,1181,1204]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">P. sansaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DD28D1E9FC3AFB7D" box="[812,963,1212,1236]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Talpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DD28D1E9FC3AFB7D" box="[812,963,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Talpa minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DDFED1E8FB86FB7D" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" box="[1018,1151,1212,1236]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustior">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DDFED1E8FB86FB7D" box="[1018,1151,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">L. robustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The difference in robustness of the nearly complete humeri from Petersbuch 35 and 48 lies well within the range of a population. The more robust humerus of
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DD9CD048FBE6FA9D" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" box="[920,1055,1308,1332]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustior">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DD9CD048FBE6FA9D" box="[920,1055,1308,1332]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">L. robustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates a better fossorial adaptation than in
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DD7BD068FBECFAFD" box="[895,1045,1340,1364]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bavaricum">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DD7BD068FBECFAFD" box="[895,1045,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">L. bavaricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Without humeri the
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DB00D068FCAEFADD" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DB00D068FA61FAFD" box="[1284,1432,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">Leptoscaptor</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are hardly distinguishable. Nevertheless, I am convinced that they represent different biological adaptations (see also chapter discussion of
<taxonomicName id="07A54D0C400A7617DA24D0C8FB55FA1D" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="2003" box="[1056,1196,1436,1460]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Leptoscaptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="626" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bavaricus">
<emphasis id="F2D1EA9D400A7617DA24D0C8FB55FA1D" box="[1056,1196,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="626">L. bavaricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="C01A368F400D7610DD28D794FBBDFD77" blockId="14.[812,1361,667,769]" box="[812,1092,705,734]" pageId="14" pageNumber="631">
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