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Genus
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<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6A1A066F8CFB9A906F964D" box="[192,370,1122,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Pseudospinax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6A1A066E35FB9A93D3964D" author="Muller, A. & Diedrich, C." box="[377,718,1122,1151]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref10792" refString="Muller, A. and Diedrich, C. 1991. Selachier (Pisces, Chondrichthyes) aus dem Cenomanium von Ascheloh amd Teutoburger Wald (Nordrhein- Westfalen, NW-Deutschland). Geologie und Palaontologie in Westfalen 20: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1991">Müller and Diedrich, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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species
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:
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<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6A1A066FA2FB7290DB9692" box="[238,454,1162,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Pseudospinax pusillus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6A1A066E81FB7293CD9692" author="Muller, A. & Diedrich, C." box="[461,720,1162,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref10792" refString="Muller, A. and Diedrich, C. 1991. Selachier (Pisces, Chondrichthyes) aus dem Cenomanium von Ascheloh amd Teutoburger Wald (Nordrhein- Westfalen, NW-Deutschland). Geologie und Palaontologie in Westfalen 20: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1991">Müller and Diedrich, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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from the
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of NW
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6B1A076C60FCD79536917E" authorityName="Kriwet" authorityYear="2003" box="[812,1067,815,844]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Brachaeluridae" genus="Folipistrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="digitulus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076C60FCD79536917E" box="[812,1067,815,844]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Folipistrix digitulus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F579A2C6B1A076B7FFCC8958A917E" box="[1075,1175,816,844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A076C60FCAF92B2915F" blockId="3.[812,1175,815,877]" box="[812,943,855,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
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<figureCitation id="13232A762C6B1A076C60FCAF929C915F" box="[812,897,855,877]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="4.[102,132,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,225,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-158@4.[190,1397,225,1554]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. A. Hybodontiformes indet. BGRX 12499; in lateral (A 1, A2) and occlusal (A3) views. All × 40. B. Pseudospinax? sp. BGRX 12500, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in occlusal (B1), lateral (B2), and lingual (B3) views. All × 80. C. Palaeobrachaelurus sp. BGRX 12502, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian in labial view (C1), × 55, occlusal view (C2), × 55, lateral view C3, × 55, lingual view (C4), × 55, and basal view (C5), × 40. D. Holotype of Folipistrix digitulus gen. et sp. nov. SMNS 87861, Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian; in labial view (D1), × 50, lateral view (D2), × 50. lingual view (D3), × 45, latero−lingual view (D4), × 45, and basal view (D5), × 45." pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Figs. 2D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13232A762C6B1A076CC7FCAF92B6915F" box="[907,939,855,877]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[102,135,1730,1749]" captionTargetBox="[104,1483,225,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[104,1484,225,1702]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Paratype of Folipistrix digitulus gen. et sp. nov. SMNS 87862, Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian; in labial view, × 52. B–C. Orectolobiformes, fam. gen. et sp. indet. Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian. B. Specimen SMNS 87863; in labial view, × 85. C. Specimen SMNS 87864; in labial view, × 115. D. Holotype of Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov. BGRX 12503, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (D1), occlusal (D2), lateral (D3), and lingual (D4) views. All × 40. E. Isolated lateral cusplet of Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov., BGR X 12504, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (E1) and lingual (E2) views. Both × 30. F. Protospinax cf. annectans Woodward, 1919. Specimen BGRX 12505, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (F 1), lateral (F2), occlusal (F3), and lingual (F4) views. All × 65. G. Protospinax cf. annectans Woodward, 1919. Specimen BGRX 12506, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (G 1), lateral (G2), occlusal (G3), and lingual (G4) views. All × 32. H. Protospinax sp. 1. BGRX 12507, Kłęby: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (H 1), lateral (H2), occlusal (H3), and lingual (H4) views. All × 40. J. Protospinax sp. 2. BGRX 12508, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian. Labial view. K. Squalogaleus sp. BGRX 12509, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (K1), lateral (K2), occlusal (K3), and lingual (K4) views. All × 50. L. Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov.? BGRX 12510, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265 m, Callovian. Labial view, × 28. M. Scyliorhinidae indet. BGRX 12511, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265, Callovian; in labial view, × 14. N. Neoselachii indet. BGR X 12512, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265, Callovian; in labial view, × 22." pageId="3" pageNumber="586">3A</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B703CAE2C6B1A076C60FC86950691A6" box="[812,1051,894,916]" collectionCode="SMNS" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" specimenCode="SMNS 87861" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54A388512C6B1A076C60FC86929991A6" box="[812,900,894,916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBBE9E882C6B1A076CDDFC86950A91A6" box="[913,1047,894,916]" collectionCode="SMNS" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkund Stuttgart" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">SMNS 87861</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A076C60FC5995069185" blockId="3.[812,1485,894,1143]" box="[812,1051,929,951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B703CAE2C6B1A076C60FC59950A9185" box="[812,1047,929,951]" collectionCode="SMNS" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" specimenCode="SMNS 87862" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076C60FC5992999184" box="[812,900,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54A388512C6B1A076C60FC5992999184" box="[812,900,929,950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DBBE9E882C6B1A076CDDFC59950A9185" box="[913,1047,929,951]" collectionCode="SMNS" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkund Stuttgart" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">SMNS 87862</specimenCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A076C60FC3B942191EB" blockId="3.[812,1485,894,1143]" box="[812,1340,963,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076C60FC3B92B491EB" box="[812,937,963,985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Type locality</emphasis>
|
||||
: Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F30F76632C6B1A076B90FC3B942591EB" box="[1244,1336,963,985]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A076C60FC1D94D491C9" blockId="3.[812,1485,894,1143]" box="[812,1481,997,1019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076C60FC1D92B991C9" box="[812,932,997,1019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Type horizon</emphasis>
|
||||
:“Opalinuston”,Dogger α,lowerAalenian,MiddleJurassic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A076C60FBFF92C79667" blockId="3.[812,1485,894,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076C60FBFF928E962F" box="[812,915,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
: The species name is derived from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6B1A076BA4FBFF9421962F" authorityName="Kriwet" authorityYear="2003" box="[1256,1340,1031,1053]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Brachaeluridae" genus="Folipistrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="digitulus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076BA4FBFF9421962F" box="[1256,1340,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">digitulus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(m.), the Latin word for a little finger in reconsideration of the finger−like projected labial protuberance.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A076C60FB9995E09645" blockId="3.[812,1485,894,1143]" box="[812,1277,1121,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076C60FB9992809645" box="[812,925,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||||
: Only known from the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54A388512C6B1A076B33FB9995B59645" box="[1151,1192,1121,1143]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A076C60FB7195889692" blockId="3.[812,1173,1160,1184]" box="[812,1173,1160,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076C60FB7192839692" box="[812,926,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Same as for genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A076C60FB4A94D694FB" blockId="3.[812,1485,1201,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6B1A076C60FB4A92AD96FB" box="[812,944,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
.—The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54A388512C6B1A076B44FB49957796FB" box="[1032,1130,1201,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13232A762C6B1A076B37FB4995CE96FB" box="[1147,1235,1201,1225]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="4.[102,132,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,225,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-158@4.[190,1397,225,1554]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 2. A. Hybodontiformes indet. BGRX 12499; in lateral (A 1, A2) and occlusal (A3) views. All × 40. B. Pseudospinax? sp. BGRX 12500, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in occlusal (B1), lateral (B2), and lingual (B3) views. All × 80. C. Palaeobrachaelurus sp. BGRX 12502, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian in labial view (C1), × 55, occlusal view (C2), × 55, lateral view C3, × 55, lingual view (C4), × 55, and basal view (C5), × 40. D. Holotype of Folipistrix digitulus gen. et sp. nov. SMNS 87861, Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian; in labial view (D1), × 50, lateral view (D2), × 50. lingual view (D3), × 45, latero−lingual view (D4), × 45, and basal view (D5), × 45." pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is a small tooth with preserved crown and root. The crown is relatively high and triangular in labial view without lateral cusplets. There are also no lateral heels. The crown is rather compressed labio−lingually. The labial face is almost flat and only slightly cambered toward the lower part of the crown. There is a distinct, labially projecting protuberance with rectangular outline in labial view. A root buttress or the root itself does not support the protuberance. In lateral view, the well−developed protuberance juts labially being almost horizontal. The base of the tooth crown is concave in labial view and overhangs the root slightly. The cutting edge is well developed. It displays a few very coarse, irregular indentations giving the cutting edge a coarsely serrated, leaf−like appearance. The serrations are very coarse basally. The lingual face is more convex. There is no median uvula and the neck collar is very thin, nearly absent. There is no crown ornament or sculpture developed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6B1A006C1EF92A934C9510" blockId="3.[812,1485,1201,2026]" lastBlockId="4.[102,775,1770,2026]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">The root is hemiaulacorhize with two broad, flattened lobes. In lateral view the root is more or less perpendicular to the tooth crown. The root lobes are slightly flared creating a faintly notched crown/root junction in labial view. In basal view, the root is V−shaped with a well−marked labial depression. The root lobes meet lingually to form a massive and broad lingual protuberance. A rather large medio−lingual foramen is present opening in the basal portion of the protuberance. The central foramen is small. There are two pairs of margino−lateral foramina. A rather large foramen opens basally on the surface of one of the root lobes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF67667B2C6C1A006F2AF9D695589483" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" startId="4.[102,132,1582,1601]" targetBox="[190,1396,225,1554]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6C1A006F2AF9D695589483" blockId="4.[102,1485,1582,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||||
Fig 2.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006FECF9D691AD9473" bold="true" box="[160,176,1582,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">A</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6C1A006FF0F9D690419473" box="[188,348,1582,1601]" class="Chondrichthyes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hybodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Hybodontiformes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indet. BGRX 12499; in lateral (A
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006DDBF9CF93829477" attach="right" box="[663,671,1591,1605]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">1</subScript>
|
||||
, A
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006DF7F9CF93DE9477" attach="right" box="[699,707,1591,1605]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">2</subScript>
|
||||
) and occlusal (A
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006C12F9CF927B9477" attach="left" box="[862,870,1591,1605]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">3</subScript>
|
||||
) views. All × 40.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006B47F9D695079473" bold="true" box="[1035,1050,1582,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">B</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6C1A006B69F9D695BE9473" authorityName="Muller and Diedrich" authorityYear="1991" box="[1061,1187,1582,1601]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Hemiscylliidae" genus="Pseudospinax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006B69F9D695BE9473" box="[1061,1187,1582,1601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Pseudospinax</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
? sp. BGRX 12500, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in occlusal (B
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006EA7F9AB90EE9453" attach="left" box="[491,499,1619,1633]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">1</subScript>
|
||||
), lateral (B
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006D2DF9AB93749453" attach="left" box="[609,617,1619,1633]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">2</subScript>
|
||||
), and lingual (B
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006C4BF9AB92129453" attach="left" box="[775,783,1619,1633]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">3</subScript>
|
||||
) views. All × 80.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006C8FF9B192CE946E" bold="true" box="[963,979,1609,1628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6C1A006CAEF9B295A3946F" box="[994,1214,1610,1629]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Brachaeluridae" genus="Palaeobrachaelurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006CAEF9B29586946F" box="[994,1179,1610,1629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Palaeobrachaelurus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
BGRX 12502, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian in labial view (C
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006EA2F99790EB944F" attach="left" box="[494,502,1647,1661]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">1</subScript>
|
||||
), × 55, occlusal view (C
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006D99F99793C0944F" attach="left" box="[725,733,1647,1661]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">2</subScript>
|
||||
), × 55, lateral view C
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006CEEF99792B7944F" attach="left" box="[930,938,1647,1661]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">3</subScript>
|
||||
, × 55, lingual view (C
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006B3AF9979563944F" attach="left" box="[1142,1150,1647,1661]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">4</subScript>
|
||||
), × 55, and basal view (C
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006A24F997946D944F" attach="left" box="[1384,1392,1647,1661]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">5</subScript>
|
||||
), × 40.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006AFBF99E94DA944B" bold="true" box="[1463,1479,1638,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">D</emphasis>
|
||||
. Holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6C1A006F9BF97A909694A7" authorityName="Kriwet" authorityYear="2003" box="[215,395,1666,1685]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Brachaeluridae" genus="Folipistrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="digitulus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006F9BF97A909694A7" box="[215,395,1666,1685]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Folipistrix digitulus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F579A2C6C1A006EDCF97A930494A7" box="[400,537,1666,1685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
SMNS 87861, Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian; in labial view (D
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006AEAF97394B394AB" attach="right" box="[1446,1454,1675,1689]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">1</subScript>
|
||||
), × 50, lateral view (D
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006E5CF95F90059487" attach="right" box="[272,280,1703,1717]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">2</subScript>
|
||||
), × 50. lingual view (D
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006EA2F95F90EB9487" attach="right" box="[494,502,1703,1717]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">3</subScript>
|
||||
), × 45, latero−lingual view (D
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006C4AF95F92139487" attach="left" box="[774,782,1703,1717]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">4</subScript>
|
||||
), × 45, and basal view (D
|
||||
<subScript id="179C34B62C6C1A006CB6F95F951F9487" attach="left" box="[1018,1026,1703,1717]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">5</subScript>
|
||||
), × 45.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6C1A006FC7F8D493E795F6" blockId="4.[102,775,1770,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54A388512C6C1A006FF0F8D490019576" box="[188,284,1836,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13232A762C6C1A006E66F8D4909D9576" box="[298,384,1836,1860]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[102,135,1730,1749]" captionTargetBox="[104,1483,225,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[104,1484,225,1702]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Paratype of Folipistrix digitulus gen. et sp. nov. SMNS 87862, Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian; in labial view, × 52. B–C. Orectolobiformes, fam. gen. et sp. indet. Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian. B. Specimen SMNS 87863; in labial view, × 85. C. Specimen SMNS 87864; in labial view, × 115. D. Holotype of Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov. BGRX 12503, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (D1), occlusal (D2), lateral (D3), and lingual (D4) views. All × 40. E. Isolated lateral cusplet of Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov., BGR X 12504, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (E1) and lingual (E2) views. Both × 30. F. Protospinax cf. annectans Woodward, 1919. Specimen BGRX 12505, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (F 1), lateral (F2), occlusal (F3), and lingual (F4) views. All × 65. G. Protospinax cf. annectans Woodward, 1919. Specimen BGRX 12506, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (G 1), lateral (G2), occlusal (G3), and lingual (G4) views. All × 32. H. Protospinax sp. 1. BGRX 12507, Kłęby: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (H 1), lateral (H2), occlusal (H3), and lingual (H4) views. All × 40. J. Protospinax sp. 2. BGRX 12508, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian. Labial view. K. Squalogaleus sp. BGRX 12509, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (K1), lateral (K2), occlusal (K3), and lingual (K4) views. All × 50. L. Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov.? BGRX 12510, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265 m, Callovian. Labial view, × 28. M. Scyliorhinidae indet. BGRX 12511, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265, Callovian; in labial view, × 14. N. Neoselachii indet. BGR X 12512, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265, Callovian; in labial view, × 22." pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is a fragmentary tooth. Most of the root as well as the basal parts of the crown are heavily damaged. However, the remaining part of the tooth exhibits the general morphology of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54A388512C6C1A006EFDF874930B9596" box="[433,534,1932,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, although the serration−like appearance of the cutting edges is less pronounced.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6C1A016F2AF82A93E496D2" blockId="4.[102,775,1770,2026]" lastBlockId="5.[102,775,232,1540]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="588" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006F2AF82A91FC95DB" box="[102,225,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||||
.—The overall morphology of the teeth is similar to that of orectolobiforms, e.g., hemiaulacorhize vascularisation pattern, well−developed labial root depression, well−developed labial protuberance not supported by the root. However, the absence of a lingual uvula is unusual for extant orectolobiforms, in which the uvula is supported by the lingual protuberance of the root (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6C1A006BC2F868946E959A" author="Herman, J. & Hovestadt-Euler, M. & Hovestadt, D. C." box="[1166,1395,1936,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" pagination="193 - 254" refId="ref10533" refString="Herman, J., Hovestadt-Euler, M., and Hovestadt, D. C. 1992. Part A: Selachii. No. 4: OrderOrectolobiformes - Families: Brachaeluridae, Ginglymostomidae, Hemiscylliidae, Orectolobidae, Parascylliidae, Rhiniodontidae, Stegostomidae. Order Pristiphoriformes - Family: Pristiophoridae. Order Squatiniformes - Family: Squatinidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 65: 193 - 254." type="journal article" year="1992">Herman et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In the general tooth morphology the above−described specimens also resemble teeth of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6C1A006B7EF82A958B95DB" box="[1074,1174,2002,2025]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6C1A006B7EF82A958B95DB" box="[1074,1174,2002,2025]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to some extend. However, the tooth morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016ECEFF1190FB9332" box="[386,486,233,256]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016ECEFF1190FB9332" box="[386,486,233,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is rather simple and very conservative. Consequently many isolated
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016D23FEF193CE9312" box="[623,723,265,288]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016D23FEF193CE9312" box="[623,723,265,288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
−like teeth from the Cretaceous and Jurassic have been assigned to squatinids (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6D1A016E51FEB090819353" author="Thies, D." box="[285,412,328,353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref11086" refString="Thies, D. 1983. Jurazeitliche Neoselachier aus Deutschland und S-England. Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg 58: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1983">Thies 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6D1A016EE4FEB093D49353" author="Batchelor, T. J. & Ward, D." box="[424,713,328,353]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" pagination="181 - 203" refId="ref9419" refString="Batchelor, T. J. and Ward, D. 1990. Fish remains from a temporary exposure of the Hythe Beds (Aptian - Lower Cretaceous) near Godstone, Surrey. Mesozoic Research 2: 181 - 203." type="journal article" year="1990">Batchelor and Ward 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6D1A016D99FEB091D193B3" author="Biddle, J. - P." pageId="5" pageNumber="588" pagination="191 - 240" refId="ref9461" refString="Biddle, J. - P. 1993. Les elasmobranches de l'Albien inferieur et moyen (Cretace inferieur) de la Marne et de la Haute Marne (France). Belgian Geological Survey Professional Paper 264: 191 - 240." type="journal article" year="1993">Biddle 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6D1A016F95FE91904993B3" author="Rees, J." box="[217,340,361,385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" pagination="59 - 71" refId="ref10935" refString="Rees, J. 2002. Shark fauna and depositional environment of the earliest Cretaceous Vitaback Clays at Eriksdal, southern Sweden. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 93: 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="2002">Rees 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6D1A016E2DFE90933193B3" author="Underwood, C. J." box="[353,556,360,385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" pagination="297 - 325" refId="ref11323" refString="Underwood, C. J. 2002. Sharks, rays and chimeroid from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Ringstead, southern England. Palaeontology 45: 297 - 325." type="journal article" year="2002">Underwood 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This resulted in a taxonomic lumping of similar morphotypes. Leidner and Thies (1999) already pointed out that there might be more genera of squatiniforms present in the Late Jurassic. But the identification of isolated orectolobiform teeth from the Cretaceous and Jurassic also might cause problems. As a result, the true specific composition of orectolobiforms and squatiniforms in the Jurassic and also in the Cretaceous is probably obscured. The teeth of extant squatiniforms and orectolobiforms share some very important features so that
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6D1A016F2AFD51904B90F3" author="Herman, J. & Hovestadt-Euler, M. & Hovestadt, D. C." box="[102,342,680,705]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" pagination="193 - 254" refId="ref10533" refString="Herman, J., Hovestadt-Euler, M., and Hovestadt, D. C. 1992. Part A: Selachii. No. 4: OrderOrectolobiformes - Families: Brachaeluridae, Ginglymostomidae, Hemiscylliidae, Orectolobidae, Parascylliidae, Rhiniodontidae, Stegostomidae. Order Pristiphoriformes - Family: Pristiophoridae. Order Squatiniformes - Family: Squatinidae. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique 65: 193 - 254." type="journal article" year="1992">Herman et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
concluded that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016D43FD51936E90F2" box="[527,627,681,704]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016D43FD51936E90F2" box="[527,627,681,704]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
could represent an orectolobiform. A very characteristic feature of teeth of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016FC8FD1191F59132" box="[132,232,745,768]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016FC8FD1191F59132" box="[132,232,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the morphology of the protuberance, which is rounded in basal view and well supported by the root. This pattern is also found in several Cretaceous species. However, in most if not all Jurassic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016ECBFCB1933E9152" box="[391,547,841,864]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016ECBFCB190F69152" box="[391,491,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the labial protuberance is more rectangular and massive and well detached from the root. In addition, the labial root depression is much more pronounced in orectolobiforms than in extant
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016D20FC51918491D2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016D20FC5193CD91F2" box="[620,720,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
The taxonomy of Late Jurassic specimens and species referred to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016FACFC1190599632" box="[224,324,1001,1024]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016FACFC1190599632" box="[224,324,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is still in need of revision. The main difference between teeth of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016EC8FBF190F59612" box="[388,488,1033,1056]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squatinidae" genus="Squatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squatiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016EC8FBF190F59612" box="[388,488,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Squatina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the new taxon is the absence of lateral heels, the presence of a well−developed labial root depression and the labial protuberance, which is not supported by the root but well detached from the root depression. Unfortunately, the taxonomy of Jurassic orectolobiforms is still not fully understood. Consequently, the new genus is assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016E00FB30930C96D2" authorityName="Applegate" authorityYear="1972" box="[332,529,1224,1248]" class="Florideophyceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="order">Orectolobiformes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as incertae familiae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6D1A016FC7FB1290D89750" blockId="5.[102,775,232,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">The teeth resemble those of some carcharhiniforms in the absence of a lingual uvula. However, the overall crown morphology and root vascularisation pattern suggests closer relationships with orectolobiforms.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6D1A016FC7FA94907B9436" blockId="5.[102,775,232,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
The crown morphology resembles those of some other extant galeomorphs to some extent (e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016D5CFA7593409796" box="[528,605,1421,1444]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Isistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016D5CFA7593409796" box="[528,605,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Isistius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016D27FA7493E29796" box="[619,767,1420,1444]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Lamnidae" genus="Carcharodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016D27FA7493E29796" box="[619,767,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Carcharodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D702C6D1A016F2AFA5491E797F6" authorityName="Springer" authorityYear="1951" box="[102,250,1452,1476]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Pterolamiops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016F2AFA5491E797F6" box="[102,250,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Pterolamiops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and is indicative for a cutting−type dentition. A cutting−type dentition also occurs in larger extant orectolobiforms (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B022C6D1A016FF8FA1490449436" author="Cappetta, H." box="[180,345,1516,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588" refId="ref9595" refString="Cappetta, H. 1987. Chondrichthyes II - Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii. In: H. - P. Schultze (ed.), Handbookof Paleoichthyology 3 B. 193 pp. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York." type="book" year="1987">Cappetta 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6D1A016F2AF9C8909D947E" blockId="5.[102,384,1583,1647]" box="[102,384,1583,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Fam. gen. et sp. indet.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6D1A016F2AF9A191CD945D" blockId="5.[102,384,1583,1647]" box="[102,208,1625,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13232A762C6D1A016F2AF9A191D0945D" box="[102,205,1625,1647]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[102,135,1730,1749]" captionTargetBox="[104,1483,225,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[104,1484,225,1702]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Paratype of Folipistrix digitulus gen. et sp. nov. SMNS 87862, Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian; in labial view, × 52. B–C. Orectolobiformes, fam. gen. et sp. indet. Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW Germany, Dogger α, lower Aalenian. B. Specimen SMNS 87863; in labial view, × 85. C. Specimen SMNS 87864; in labial view, × 115. D. Holotype of Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov. BGRX 12503, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (D1), occlusal (D2), lateral (D3), and lingual (D4) views. All × 40. E. Isolated lateral cusplet of Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov., BGR X 12504, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (E1) and lingual (E2) views. Both × 30. F. Protospinax cf. annectans Woodward, 1919. Specimen BGRX 12505, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (F 1), lateral (F2), occlusal (F3), and lingual (F4) views. All × 65. G. Protospinax cf. annectans Woodward, 1919. Specimen BGRX 12506, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (G 1), lateral (G2), occlusal (G3), and lingual (G4) views. All × 32. H. Protospinax sp. 1. BGRX 12507, Kłęby: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (H 1), lateral (H2), occlusal (H3), and lingual (H4) views. All × 40. J. Protospinax sp. 2. BGRX 12508, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian. Labial view. K. Squalogaleus sp. BGRX 12509, Kłęby 1/37: 244.8–245.7 m, Callovian; in labial (K1), lateral (K2), occlusal (K3), and lingual (K4) views. All × 50. L. Synechodus prorogatus sp. nov.? BGRX 12510, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265 m, Callovian. Labial view, × 28. M. Scyliorhinidae indet. BGRX 12511, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265, Callovian; in labial view, × 14. N. Neoselachii indet. BGR X 12512, Kłęby 1/37: 253.6–~265, Callovian; in labial view, × 22." pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6D1A016F2AF97D93C994EC" blockId="5.[102,775,1669,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016F2AF97D91D594AF" box="[102,200,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Material</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Two isolated tooth crowns (SMNS 87863, SMNS 87864), “Opalinuston”, Dogger α, lower Aalenian, Middle Jurassic, Weilen unter den Rinnen, SW
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F30F76632C6D1A016D2BF93E93D294EC" box="[615,719,1734,1758]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6D1A016F2AF90A941B9312" blockId="5.[102,775,1778,2026]" lastBlockId="5.[812,1485,232,740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96CEAE12C6D1A016F2AF90A91D59538" box="[102,200,1778,1802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Two very small isolated tooth crowns resemble those found in orectolobiform sharks. Both specimens are damaged and completely lack the root. The crowns are broadened mesio−distally with a very convex basal edge in labial view giving specimen SMNS 87863 a dagger−like appearance. The main cusp of this specimen is rather short and slender. There is a pair of small, slender and pointed lateral cusplets diverging slightly from the main cusp. The cutting edge is continuous between main and lateral cusplets. The labial crown face is narrow in lateral aspect.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6D1A016C1EFED2952E9030" blockId="5.[812,1485,232,740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">The second specimen (SMNS 87864), as far as can be reconstructed, resembles the first specimen. However, the basal edge of the labial face seems to be straighter and the main cusp is slightly bent distally. This may indicate a lateral jaw position whereas specimen SMNS 87863 might come from an anterior to antero−lateral position. Both tooth crowns are completely smooth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA736F32C6D1A016C1EFDF4956290D6" blockId="5.[812,1485,232,740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="588">Identification on familiar, generic or even specific level of both specimens is impossible. Both specimens are very small and have been recovered only because of using a very small mesh width during sieving. Whether they represent teeth of juvenile or adult specimens is not discernable. Because of the small size, at least specimen SMNS 87864 may represent a juvenile specimen.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
163
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Normal file
163
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F798C76259377FC48FE1CFA63009F" authority="Chow and Rich, 1984" authorityName="Chow and Rich" authorityYear="1984" box="[911,1434,438,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Gobiconodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Triconodonta" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||||
Gobiconodontidae
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E7FFE76259377FB44FE1CFA63009F" author="Chow, M. & Rich, T. H. V." box="[1155,1434,438,467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" pagination="226 - 231" refId="ref5195" refString="Chow, M. and Rich, T. H. V. 1984. A new triconodontan (Mammalia) from theJurassicofChina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3: 226 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1984">Chow and Rich, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76259377FCEBFE4AFB2100BA" blockId="1.[812,1434,326,502]" box="[812,1240,480,502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576">
|
||||
(= Gobiconodontinae
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E7FFE76259377FC38FE4AFB2800BA" author="Chow, M. & Rich, T. H. V." box="[1023,1233,480,502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" pagination="226 - 231" refId="ref5195" refString="Chow, M. and Rich, T. H. V. 1984. A new triconodontan (Mammalia) from theJurassicofChina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3: 226 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1984">Chow and Rich, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C305518476259374FCEBFDA4FED604B3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76259377FCEBFDA4FBE2028A" blockId="1.[812,1486,526,966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576">
|
||||
The systematic position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F798C76259377FB93FDA4FAE6036A" authorityName="Chow and Rich" authorityYear="1984" box="[1108,1311,526,550]" class="Mammalia" family="Gobiconodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Triconodonta" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiconodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been a subject of discussion in several papers. Traditionally authors included it in the order
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F798C76259377FBD8FDE4FAAB032A" authority="Osborn, 1888" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1888" box="[1055,1362,590,614]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Triconodonta" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
|
||||
Triconodonta
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E7FFE76259377FB7CFDE4FAAB032A" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[1211,1362,590,614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" pagination="186 - 265" refId="ref6200" refString="Osborn, H. F. 1888. On the structure and classification of the Mesozoic Mammalia. Journal of the National Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia 9: 186 - 265." type="journal article" year="1888">Osborn, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E7FFE76259377FAA5FDE4FC9F03CA" author="Trofimov, B. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="576" pagination="209 - 212" refId="ref6716" refString="Trofimov, B. A. 1978. The first triconodonts (Mammalia, Triconodonta) from Mongolia [in Russian]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 251: 209 - 212." type="journal article" year="1978">Trofimov 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Jenkins and Crompton 1979;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E7FFE76259377FB09FDC4FA3003CA" author="Chow, M. & Rich, T. H. V." box="[1230,1481,622,646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" pagination="226 - 231" refId="ref5195" refString="Chow, M. and Rich, T. H. V. 1984. A new triconodontan (Mammalia) from theJurassicofChina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3: 226 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1984">Chow and Rich 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E7FFE76259377FCEBFD24FBBA03EA" author="Jenkins, F. A., Jr. & Schaff, Ch." box="[812,1091,654,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref5533" refString="Jenkins, F. A., Jr. and Schaff, Ch. 1988. The Early Cretaceous mammal Gobiconodon (Mammalia, Triconodonta) from the Cloverly Formation in Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1988">Jenkins and Schaff 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E7FFE76259377FB96FD24FA5D03EA" author="Maschenko, E. N. & Lopatin, A. V." box="[1105,1444,654,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" pagination="233 - 236" refId="ref6059" refString="Maschenko, E. N. and Lopatin, A. V. 1998. First record of an Early Cretaceous triconodont mammal in Siberia. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre 68: 233 - 236." type="book chapter" year="1998">Maschenko and Lopatin 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). A recent review of Kielan−Jaworowska et al. (in press) included
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F798C76259377FCEBFD64FC0E03AA" authorityName="Chow and Rich" authorityYear="1984" box="[812,1015,718,742]" class="Mammalia" family="Gobiconodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Triconodonta" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiconodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the orderEutriconodonta. Some features of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F798C76259377FCBFFD44FBBA024A" authorityName="Chow and Rich" authorityYear="1984" box="[888,1091,750,774]" class="Mammalia" family="Gobiconodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Triconodonta" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiconodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
dentition are apomorphies for this group, i.e., the raised position of the cingulum and the outline of the crown of the upper molars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76259377FB5AFC84FB26020A" box="[1181,1247,814,838]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,737,756]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetId="figure-472@2.[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (A), occlusal (B), posterior (C), labial (D), and anterior (E) views. White line in A shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In B, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In E the arrow shows the pulp cavity." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In gobiconodontids, the three main cusps of the lower molariforms are aligned mesio−distally, as in other eutriconodontans (Kielan−Jaworowska et al. in press), whereas in the uppers, the main cusps form an obtuse angle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76259377FCEBFC72FB9002B9" blockId="1.[812,1129,984,1048]" box="[812,1129,984,1013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F798C76259377FCEBFC72FBE102B9" authorityName="Chow and Rich" authorityYear="1984" box="[812,1048,984,1013]" class="Mammalia" family="Gobiconodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Triconodonta" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiconodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indet.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76259377FCEBFBA8FC750554" blockId="1.[812,1129,984,1048]" box="[812,908,1026,1048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76259377FCEBFBA8FC700554" box="[812,905,1026,1048]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[102,135,737,756]" captionStartId-1="2.[812,845,1946,1965]" captionStartId-2="4.[102,135,883,902]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetBox-1="[812,1485,1590,1917]" captionTargetBox-2="[102,775,231,842]" captionTargetId-0="figure-472@2.[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-577@2.[813,1485,1590,1917]" captionTargetId-2="figure-467@4.[102,776,231,842]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (A), occlusal (B), posterior (C), labial (D), and anterior (E) views. White line in A shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In B, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In E the arrow shows the pulp cavity." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Gobiconodontidae indet. Stereo SEM micrographs of the occlusal view of the upper molariform M3 or M4, MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian). The mesial side is up." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the distal cingulum and the enamel at the occlusal view of the broken cusp B of the upper molariform M3, 4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in occlusal view, mesial side is down (A), detail of distal cingular cuspule (B), dentine layers at the anterior broken part of the tooth and enamel cover detailed in D (C), a detail of the enamel ultrastructure showing the radial type of the enamel prisms (D)." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76259377FCEBFB9AFB4D0764" blockId="1.[812,1485,1072,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="576">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76259377FCEBFB9AFC49050B" box="[812,944,1072,1095]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
.—One left upper molariform, M3 or M4 (MPZ 2002/73) of small size. It has a robust cusp A, characterised by probably autapomorphic lateralbulges on each mesialand distal flanges of that cusp. It has a discontinuous cingulum raised at the lingual side. The tooth is
|
||||
<quantity id="4CE7AFEA76259377FB32FB1AFAA4058B" box="[1269,1373,1200,1224]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" unit="mm" value="1.67">1.67 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CE7AFEA76259377FCEBFB7AFC6C05AB" box="[812,917,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="1" pageNumber="576" unit="mm" value="1.13">1.13 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide (
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C69D37B476259377FC2DFB7AFBBC05A4" box="[1002,1093,1232,1256]" captionStart="Table1" captionStartId="3.[102,166,231,253]" captionText="Table1.Teeth measurements of gobiconodontids based on theliteratureand this study (L,anteroposterior length; Wm,mesial width; Wd,distal width; H, height; (es), estimated, the letters Mx and D at the beginning of the label indicate maxilla or dentary, otherwise it is an isolated tooth; Va, Vallipón, Artoles Formation, Maestrazgo Basin, Teruel, Spain. upper Barremian; Osh, Oshih, Mongolia. Rougier et al. 2001; Kh, Khoboor Beds, Khoboor, Gobi desert, Mongolia. Kielan−Jaworowska and Dashzeveg 1998. MCZ: Cloverly formation, Montana, USA. Jenkins and Schaff 1988." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). It is almost complete, only the mesiolingual corner is broken, and a small portion of the anterolingual part of cusp B is missing. The tooth has two roots, the anterior one being broken. The posterior root is complete and compressed anteroposteriorly. In oclusal view the crown is “pillow−shaped”, more or less rectangular, and somewhat constricted in the middle. The mesial half is transversely narrower than the distal. The labial side is more indented than the lingual (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76259377FBF8FA7AFB5704A4" box="[1087,1198,1488,1512]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[102,135,737,756]" captionStartId-1="2.[812,845,1946,1965]" captionStartId-2="4.[102,135,883,902]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetBox-1="[812,1485,1590,1917]" captionTargetBox-2="[102,775,231,842]" captionTargetId-0="figure-472@2.[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-577@2.[813,1485,1590,1917]" captionTargetId-2="figure-467@4.[102,776,231,842]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (A), occlusal (B), posterior (C), labial (D), and anterior (E) views. White line in A shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In B, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In E the arrow shows the pulp cavity." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Gobiconodontidae indet. Stereo SEM micrographs of the occlusal view of the upper molariform M3 or M4, MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian). The mesial side is up." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the distal cingulum and the enamel at the occlusal view of the broken cusp B of the upper molariform M3, 4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in occlusal view, mesial side is down (A), detail of distal cingular cuspule (B), dentine layers at the anterior broken part of the tooth and enamel cover detailed in D (C), a detail of the enamel ultrastructure showing the radial type of the enamel prisms (D)." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The tooth crown is fanshaped in labial and lingual views. The central cusp A is the highest point of the crown (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76259377FBA6F9BAFB5E0764" box="[1121,1191,1552,1576]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,737,756]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetId="figure-472@2.[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (A), occlusal (B), posterior (C), labial (D), and anterior (E) views. White line in A shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In B, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In E the arrow shows the pulp cavity." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76259374FC95F998FF2E02F1" blockId="1.[812,1485,1072,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[102,775,901,1535]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="1" pageNumber="576">
|
||||
The three main cusps: the anterior B, medial A, and posterior C form a wide obtuse angle. Cusp A is more lingual with respect to cusps B and C. On the distal side the distal cingulum has a broad wear facet that may have had a cuspule D (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76259377FC6CF918FBFA0786" box="[939,1027,1714,1738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,737,756]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetId="figure-472@2.[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (A), occlusal (B), posterior (C), labial (D), and anterior (E) views. White line in A shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In B, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In E the arrow shows the pulp cavity." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with a lingual slope. Cusp A is the highest and the broadest with a small wear surface on its tip (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76259377FA59F978FC8E0646" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[102,135,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,231,842]" captionTargetId="figure-467@4.[102,776,231,842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the distal cingulum and the enamel at the occlusal view of the broken cusp B of the upper molariform M3, 4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in occlusal view, mesial side is down (A), detail of distal cingular cuspule (B), dentine layers at the anterior broken part of the tooth and enamel cover detailed in D (C), a detail of the enamel ultrastructure showing the radial type of the enamel prisms (D)." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and it has two mesial and distal bulges aligned anteroposteriorly with its tip, which gives it a massive appearance (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76259377FC65F898FBBB0606" box="[930,1090,1842,1866]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,737,756]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetId="figure-472@2.[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (A), occlusal (B), posterior (C), labial (D), and anterior (E) views. White line in A shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In B, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In E the arrow shows the pulp cavity." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Fig. 2A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Both protuberances are less visible but still noticeable in oclusal view, specially the distal one (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76259377FCA2F8D8FC5306C6" box="[869,938,1906,1930]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[812,845,1946,1965]" captionTargetBox="[812,1485,1590,1917]" captionTargetId="graphics-577@2.[813,1485,1590,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Gobiconodontidae indet. Stereo SEM micrographs of the occlusal view of the upper molariform M3 or M4, MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian). The mesial side is up." pageId="1" pageNumber="576">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Cusp B is heavily damaged. Cusp C is about a third lower than the height of the main cusp A and has a distolingual wear facet. The cusps are separated by shallow incisions visible in both lingual and labial views. The notches have V−shape and they are less than 25% as deep as the cusps.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF60528776269374FFA1FD4BFDE50204" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" startId="2.[102,135,737,756]" targetBox="[169,1417,225,710]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76269374FFA1FD4BFDE50204" blockId="2.[102,1486,737,841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
|
||||
Fig. 2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F798C76269374FF63FD4BFEB203B8" authorityName="Chow and Rich" authorityYear="1984" box="[164,331,737,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Gobiconodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Triconodonta" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gobiconodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76269374FFAAFD57FF84025C" bold="true" box="[109,125,765,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), occlusal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76269374FF21FD57FF0C025C" bold="true" box="[230,245,765,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), posterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76269374FEA3FD57FE8D025C" bold="true" box="[356,372,765,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">C</emphasis>
|
||||
), labial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76269374FE03FD57FE2D025C" bold="true" box="[452,468,765,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">D</emphasis>
|
||||
), and anterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76269374FD98FD57FD97025C" bold="true" box="[607,622,765,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) views. White line in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76269374FCF4FD57FCBA025C" bold="true" box="[819,835,765,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">A</emphasis>
|
||||
shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76269374FD8FFCB3FDAE0260" bold="true" box="[584,599,793,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">B</emphasis>
|
||||
, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In
|
||||
<emphasis id="B96BDE1D76269374FF18FC9FFF170204" bold="true" box="[223,238,821,840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">E</emphasis>
|
||||
the arrow shows the pulp cavity.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76269374FF4CFC6CFD230512" blockId="2.[102,775,901,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
|
||||
The cingulum widens on the lingual side, where ithas two small cingular cusps. The proximal cingular cusp forms the mesiolingual corner of the base of cusp A, and the other is distal and at the bottom between cusps A and C, slightly higher and taller than the proximal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76269374FE3FFBECFD670512" box="[504,670,1094,1118]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,737,756]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetId="figure-472@2.[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (A), occlusal (B), posterior (C), labial (D), and anterior (E) views. White line in A shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In B, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In E the arrow shows the pulp cavity." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs. 2A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76269374FD6EFBECFD340512" box="[681,717,1094,1118]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[102,135,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,231,842]" captionTargetId="figure-467@4.[102,776,231,842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the distal cingulum and the enamel at the occlusal view of the broken cusp B of the upper molariform M3, 4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in occlusal view, mesial side is down (A), detail of distal cingular cuspule (B), dentine layers at the anterior broken part of the tooth and enamel cover detailed in D (C), a detail of the enamel ultrastructure showing the radial type of the enamel prisms (D)." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">4B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA0020F76269374FF4CFBCDFED604B3" blockId="2.[102,775,901,1535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
|
||||
A thin enamel layer, as observed in the broken part of cusp B (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76269374FF01FB2DFEBD05D3" box="[198,324,1159,1183]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[102,135,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,231,842]" captionTargetId="figure-467@4.[102,776,231,842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the distal cingulum and the enamel at the occlusal view of the broken cusp B of the upper molariform M3, 4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in occlusal view, mesial side is down (A), detail of distal cingular cuspule (B), dentine layers at the anterior broken part of the tooth and enamel cover detailed in D (C), a detail of the enamel ultrastructure showing the radial type of the enamel prisms (D)." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), covers the crown. The effects of acid etching allowed us to study the internal structure of the enamel and dentine. The enamel is prismatic, with the prisms more or less perpendicular to the oclusal surface and the enamel−dentine junction arranged in a similar pattern described as the radial
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54A4BCAD76269374FE8CFA8DFE820473" box="[331,379,1319,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E7FFE76269374FE4EFA8DFD030473" author="Koenigswald, W. V. & Clemens, W. A." box="[393,762,1319,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" pagination="195 - 218" refId="ref5797" refString="Koenigswald, W. V. and Clemens, W. A. 1992. Levels of complexity in the microstructureof mammalian enamel and their application in studies of systematics. Scanning Microscopy 6: 195 - 218." type="journal article" year="1992">Koenigswald and Clemens 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The enamel is thin compared with the massive dentine. The radial structure of the dentine can be seen in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76269374FDB4FACDFD340433" box="[627,717,1383,1407]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[102,135,883,902]" captionTargetBox="[102,775,231,842]" captionTargetId="figure-467@4.[102,776,231,842]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the distal cingulum and the enamel at the occlusal view of the broken cusp B of the upper molariform M3, 4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in occlusal view, mesial side is down (A), detail of distal cingular cuspule (B), dentine layers at the anterior broken part of the tooth and enamel cover detailed in D (C), a detail of the enamel ultrastructure showing the radial type of the enamel prisms (D)." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
. The pulp cavity is visible in the anterior part (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13241E8A76269374FD87FA2DFD6104D3" box="[576,664,1415,1439]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,737,756]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetId="figure-472@2.[169,1417,225,710]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Gobiconodontidae indet. SEM micrographs of the upper molariform M3 or M4 MPZ 2002/73 (Vallipón, Teruel, Spain, upper Barremian) in lingual (A), occlusal (B), posterior (C), labial (D), and anterior (E) views. White line in A shows the distal cingulum and the direction of tooth wear made possibly by cusp a of the corresponding lower molariform. In B, mesial is up, the arrows on the left show the lingual cingulum, the arrow at the bottom the distal cingulum. In E the arrow shows the pulp cavity." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), one can see the thickness of the dentine compared to the cavity, indicating that the molar belongs to an adult individual rather than to a juvenile.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
120
data/C2/14/87/C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FCEF25BFF95C.xml
Normal file
120
data/C2/14/87/C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FCEF25BFF95C.xml
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
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<mods:title id="9DF0AE8F90DA01EE6163AC795BA74B55">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FCEF25BFF95C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13328434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13328434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FCEF25BFF95C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FCEF25BFF95C" lastPageNumber="571" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
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<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FCEF2255FCC8" blockId="2.[102,631,824,887]" box="[102,631,824,853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
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<heading id="114A81BEFFBCFFCEC861FCEF2255FCC8" box="[102,631,824,853]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" reason="9">
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<taxonomicName id="8DBD4D51FFBCFFCEC861FCEF2228FCC8" authorityName="Penney" authorityYear="2003" box="[102,522,824,853]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticoididae" genus="Palaeomicromenneus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lebanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FCEF2228FCC8" box="[102,522,824,853]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63FA57BBFFBCFFCECA15FCEE2255FCC8" box="[530,631,825,853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="02A76559FFBCFFCEC861FCB625BFF95C" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FCB620E7FCEA" blockId="2.[102,631,824,887]" box="[102,197,865,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
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||||
<figureCitation id="D2862A57FFBCFFCEC861FCB6208BFCEA" box="[102,169,865,887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,226,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-94@3.[174,1412,226,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype male. Cretaceous Lebanese amber, MHNP 723A. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Calamistrum on metatarsus 4. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Spinneret region. F. Pedipalps in lateral view as seen from below. G. Left pedipalp in lateral view showing diagnostic features. Scale bars: A, B, D, 1.0 mm; C, F, G, 0.5 mm; E, 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ALE, anterior lateral eye; as, anterior spinneret; at, anal tubercle; c, conductor; cal, calamistrum; car, carapace; cy, cymbium; e, embolus; mt4, metatarsus 4; op, opisthosoma; p, pedipalp; PME, posterior median eye; ps, posterior spinneret; t, tegulum." pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
, 3.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FC5F21D4FC27" blockId="2.[102,775,904,1142]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="FAD53C8FFFBCFFCEC861FC5F21D4FC27" collectionCode="MHNP" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" specimenCode="MHNP 723" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
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<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FC5F21E9FC03" box="[102,459,904,926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="95068870FFBCFFCEC861FC5F209CFC03" box="[102,190,904,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
and only known specimen
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: Male, specimen
|
||||
<specimenCode id="1A1B9EA9FFBCFFCECA85FC5F22D7FC03" box="[642,757,904,926]" collectionCode="MHNP" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a5xg-x4h4" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Perpignan" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">MHNP 723</specimenCode>
|
||||
A preserved in Cretaceous Lebanese amber.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FC1F22DBFC64" blockId="2.[102,775,904,1142]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FC1F20C5FC40" box="[102,231,967,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Type horizon</emphasis>
|
||||
: Upper Neocomian–basal Lower Aptian (ca. 125–135 Ma) Cretaceous amber from the Hammana/Mdeyrij outcrop,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="32AA7642FFBCFFCECA99FC3422D7FC64" box="[670,757,995,1017]" name="Lebanon" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FBD122CBFBAA" blockId="2.[102,775,904,1142]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FBD120CBFB86" box="[102,233,1029,1051]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Type locality</emphasis>
|
||||
: The outcrop is in Caza Baabda, Mouhafazit Jabal Loubnan (central
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="32AA7642FFBCFFCEC917FBF6214AFBAA" box="[272,360,1057,1079]" name="Lebanon" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), approximately
|
||||
<quantity id="8D459B37FFBCFFCECA0FFBF62267FBAA" box="[520,581,1057,1079]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
|
||||
WSW of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="8879F830FFBCFFCECAA1FBF622C7FBAA" box="[678,741,1057,1079]" country="Lebanon" name="Beyrouth" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Beirut</collectingRegion>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FB92213EFBEB" blockId="2.[102,775,904,1142]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FB92211FFBC7" box="[102,317,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Derivation of the name</emphasis>
|
||||
: The specific epithet is after
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="32AA7642FFBCFFCECA4EFB9322BDFBC7" box="[585,671,1092,1114]" name="Lebanon" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the provenance of the fossil.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FB5F21E9F9DD" blockId="2.[102,775,1160,1600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FB5F20F7FB02" box="[102,213,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
.—The new genus and species is diagnosed by the structure of the male pedipalp: cymbium cup−shaped and without spines, tegulum shallow, appearing as a band of sclerotized tissue between the embolus and cymbium in lateral view. Embolus elongate, tightly coiled three times around the conductor; final coil diameter slightly exceeds that of the cymbium. Distal region of embolus distinctly removed from the main coil and with a slightly constricted bend sub−terminally. Conductor curved and tongue−shaped, extending outwards. Primarily, it differs from extant deinopid genera by having the distal region of the embolus distinctly removed from the main coil and the conductor protruding outwards further than in other genera, to a distance approximately equal to the diameter of the embolic coil.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861F9852544FD5C" blockId="2.[102,775,1618,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[812,1485,232,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861F98520C8F9F4" box="[102,234,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
.—Measurements: body length 2.86; carapace 1.29 long, 1.21 at its widest point, narrowed to
|
||||
<quantity id="8D459B37FFBCFFCECA6EF9A52294F917" box="[617,694,1650,1674]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4478" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" unit="in" value="0.57">0.57 in</quantity>
|
||||
the ocular region. Carapace with rounded sides and a concave posterior margin. There is a medio−lateral band of pale, feathery setae, which lie flat and run longitudinally (visible on the right side of the carapace when viewed dorsally) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D2862A57FFBCFFCECA82F92522EAF897" box="[645,712,1778,1802]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,226,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-94@3.[174,1412,226,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype male. Cretaceous Lebanese amber, MHNP 723A. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Calamistrum on metatarsus 4. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Spinneret region. F. Pedipalps in lateral view as seen from below. G. Left pedipalp in lateral view showing diagnostic features. Scale bars: A, B, D, 1.0 mm; C, F, G, 0.5 mm; E, 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ALE, anterior lateral eye; as, anterior spinneret; at, anal tubercle; c, conductor; cal, calamistrum; car, carapace; cy, cymbium; e, embolus; mt4, metatarsus 4; op, opisthosoma; p, pedipalp; PME, posterior median eye; ps, posterior spinneret; t, tegulum." pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The band has a slightly “furry” appearance; a corresponding band is not clear on the left side due to flaws in the amber, but is presumed present. The carapace has been damaged during preservation and flaws also obscure the foveal region. Eight eyes: posterior median eyes separated by 0.14, directed forwards and subequal to the posterior lateral eyes, which are slightly wider apart; posterior eye row distinctly recurved (Fig. 3). Posterior median eyes slightly larger than anterior lateral eyes which are on small but distinct cuticular projections (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D2862A57FFBCFFCECB72FEFF239FFEDC" box="[885,957,296,321]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,226,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-94@3.[174,1412,226,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype male. Cretaceous Lebanese amber, MHNP 723A. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Calamistrum on metatarsus 4. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Spinneret region. F. Pedipalps in lateral view as seen from below. G. Left pedipalp in lateral view showing diagnostic features. Scale bars: A, B, D, 1.0 mm; C, F, G, 0.5 mm; E, 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ALE, anterior lateral eye; as, anterior spinneret; at, anal tubercle; c, conductor; cal, calamistrum; car, carapace; cy, cymbium; e, embolus; mt4, metatarsus 4; op, opisthosoma; p, pedipalp; PME, posterior median eye; ps, posterior spinneret; t, tegulum." pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The left anterior median eye which appears subequal to the anterior lateral eye is just visible between the anterior lateral eye and posteror median eye when the specimen is viewed from above. Detailed structure of chelicerae and mouthparts not visible. Sternum length not measurable but does not extend between fourth coxae, width 0.43, with slight concave invaginations along the sides and covered with feathery setae. Opisthosoma 1.57 long, 1.36 wide, with both normal and feathery setae; the latter more prevalent on the sides of the abdomen. There is no evidence of humps, however, part of the dorsum is missing and in extant species the humps can be reduced in mature males. Cribellum undivided, spinneret region 0.64 wide, as in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D2862A57FFBCFFCECD19FD7F2540FD5C" box="[1310,1378,680,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,226,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-94@3.[174,1412,226,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype male. Cretaceous Lebanese amber, MHNP 723A. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Calamistrum on metatarsus 4. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Spinneret region. F. Pedipalps in lateral view as seen from below. G. Left pedipalp in lateral view showing diagnostic features. Scale bars: A, B, D, 1.0 mm; C, F, G, 0.5 mm; E, 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ALE, anterior lateral eye; as, anterior spinneret; at, anal tubercle; c, conductor; cal, calamistrum; car, carapace; cy, cymbium; e, embolus; mt4, metatarsus 4; op, opisthosoma; p, pedipalp; PME, posterior median eye; ps, posterior spinneret; t, tegulum." pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCECB55FD1E2460FAFC" blockId="2.[812,1485,232,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
Leg formula 1243 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D2862A57FFBCFFCECC33FD1E24A4FD7C" box="[1076,1158,713,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,226,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-94@3.[174,1412,226,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype male. Cretaceous Lebanese amber, MHNP 723A. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Calamistrum on metatarsus 4. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Spinneret region. F. Pedipalps in lateral view as seen from below. G. Left pedipalp in lateral view showing diagnostic features. Scale bars: A, B, D, 1.0 mm; C, F, G, 0.5 mm; E, 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ALE, anterior lateral eye; as, anterior spinneret; at, anal tubercle; c, conductor; cal, calamistrum; car, carapace; cy, cymbium; e, embolus; mt4, metatarsus 4; op, opisthosoma; p, pedipalp; PME, posterior median eye; ps, posterior spinneret; t, tegulum." pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
, 3). Leg 1 coxa 0.50, femur 2.26, patella 0.54, tibia 1.93, metatarsus 2.21, tarsus 1.07, total 8.51; leg 2 coxa 0.41, femur 1.59, patella 0.50, tibia 1.10, metatarsus 1.21, tarsus 0.64, total 5.54; leg 3 coxa 0.21, femur 0.79, patella 0.29, tibia 0.60, metatarsus 0.66, tarsus 0.39, total 2.94; leg 4 coxa 0.29, femur 1.29, patella 0.36, tibia 0.83, metatarsus 1.24, tarsus 0.43, total 4.44. Several long, distinctive spines present on all leg segments except patella 4, which has only one distal spine, and all coxae and tarsi which are spineless (Fig. 3). All segments setose; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of all legs with numerous short, thin, erect setae dorsally, retrolaterally, prolaterally and ventrally; feathery setae present on all legs. Femora lack the trichobothria typical of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8DBD4D51FFBCFFCECBFEFBBE2459FB1C" baseAuthorityName="Coddington and Sobrevila" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[1017,1147,1129,1153]" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Uloboridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Femora 2, 3, and 4 ventrally with many long, fine, erect setae that resemble trichobothria but they are not situated in shallow alveoli. Uniseriate calamistrum occupies proximal half of metatarsus 4 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D2862A57FFBCFFCECD86FB1E25E7FB7C" box="[1409,1477,1225,1249]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,226,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-94@3.[174,1412,226,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype male. Cretaceous Lebanese amber, MHNP 723A. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Calamistrum on metatarsus 4. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Spinneret region. F. Pedipalps in lateral view as seen from below. G. Left pedipalp in lateral view showing diagnostic features. Scale bars: A, B, D, 1.0 mm; C, F, G, 0.5 mm; E, 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ALE, anterior lateral eye; as, anterior spinneret; at, anal tubercle; c, conductor; cal, calamistrum; car, carapace; cy, cymbium; e, embolus; mt4, metatarsus 4; op, opisthosoma; p, pedipalp; PME, posterior median eye; ps, posterior spinneret; t, tegulum." pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and in part, lies in a slight cuticular depression. Tarsi with three claws, superior pair with at least six teeth. Tarsus 4 has ventral spines, the tips of these are visible on the right leg; left tarsus 4 is not preserved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCECB55FABE25BFF95C" blockId="2.[812,1485,232,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
Pedipalp (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D2862A57FFBCFFCECBC5FABE2424FA1C" box="[962,1030,1385,1409]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[102,135,1723,1742]" captionTargetBox="[174,1411,226,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-94@3.[174,1412,226,1696]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotype male. Cretaceous Lebanese amber, MHNP 723A. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Calamistrum on metatarsus 4. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Spinneret region. F. Pedipalps in lateral view as seen from below. G. Left pedipalp in lateral view showing diagnostic features. Scale bars: A, B, D, 1.0 mm; C, F, G, 0.5 mm; E, 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ALE, anterior lateral eye; as, anterior spinneret; at, anal tubercle; c, conductor; cal, calamistrum; car, carapace; cy, cymbium; e, embolus; mt4, metatarsus 4; op, opisthosoma; p, pedipalp; PME, posterior median eye; ps, posterior spinneret; t, tegulum." pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
): femur not elongate, and lacking ventral lobes or other modifications; with one distal, long, curved spine retrolaterally. Cymbium cup−shaped, 0.31 deep and without spines, but covered with long setae. Tegulum shallow, appearing as a band of sclerotized tissue between the embolus and cymbium in lateral view. Embolus elongate, tightly coiled three times around the conductor; final coil
|
||||
<quantity id="8D459B37FFBCFFCECD9BF9FE2360F9FC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6256" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" unit="in" value="0.64">0.64 in</quantity>
|
||||
diameter, which slightly exceeds that of the cymbium. Distal region of embolus distinctly removed from the main coil and with a slightly constricted bend sub−terminally. Conductor curved and tongue−shaped, extending outwards 0.64.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
80
data/C2/14/87/C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FDBD225CFC8C.xml
Normal file
80
data/C2/14/87/C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FDBD225CFC8C.xml
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<mods:title id="83C52D579BE7EE03CD8BE13DFB8ECEC7">A new deinopoid spider from Cretaceous Lebanese amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E219F08F1B21CEE2B6EDEDAB28D9DB7">Penney, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="84DCC097335F1071B1DE9DBECD180CF5">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8C581C26CCCA94F3B1BB6DDDCA3E2822">2003</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FDBD225CFC8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13328430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13328430" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FDBD225CFC8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C21487C4FFBCFFCEC861FDBD225CFC8C" lastPageNumber="571" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
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<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FDBD2271FD1A" blockId="2.[102,775,471,744]" box="[102,595,618,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
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<heading id="114A81BEFFBCFFCEC861FDBD2271FD1A" box="[102,595,618,647]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" reason="7">
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Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8DBD4D51FFBCFFCEC8C7FDBD21F7FD1A" authorityName="Penney" authorityYear="2003" box="[192,469,618,647]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticoididae" genus="Palaeomicromenneus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC8C7FDBD21F7FD1A" box="[192,469,618,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Palaeomicromenneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63FA57BBFFBCFFCEC9DAFDBC2271FD1A" box="[477,595,619,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="02A76559FFBCFFCEC861FD43225CFC8C" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FD43228EFD75" blockId="2.[102,775,471,744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
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||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FD4320FDFD34" box="[102,223,660,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="95068870FFBCFFCEC861FD4320B7FD34" box="[102,149,660,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8DBD4D51FFBCFFCEC8EBFD442205FD34" authorityName="Penney" authorityYear="2003" box="[236,551,659,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticoididae" genus="Palaeomicromenneus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lebanensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC8EBFD442205FD34" box="[236,551,659,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Palaeomicromenneus lebanensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63FA57BBFFBCFFCECA2BFD44225BFD34" box="[556,633,659,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
by monotypy.
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FD612160FD56" box="[102,322,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Derivation of the name</emphasis>
|
||||
: Greek,
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC993FD6121F9FD51" box="[404,475,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">palaios</emphasis>
|
||||
, old; Greek,
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCECA50FD6122BAFD51" box="[599,664,694,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">mikros</emphasis>
|
||||
, small; and the extant genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8DBD4D51FFBCFFCEC900FD05217FFD7A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1876" box="[263,349,722,743]" class="Arachnida" family="Deinopidae" genus="Menneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC900FD05217FFD7A" box="[263,349,722,743]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Menneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which the fossil genus resembles.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A0236D2FFBCFFCEC861FD2D225CFC8C" blockId="2.[102,638,761,786]" box="[102,638,761,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78C9EAC0FFBCFFCEC861FD2D20FAFC8C" box="[102,216,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
.—As for the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="95068870FFBCFFCEC976FD2D2183FC8F" box="[369,417,762,786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="571">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species, see below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue