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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416" ID-GBIF-Dataset="47f7ca48-f935-433c-b90f-56ac201039a9" ID-PMC="PMC4432318" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-501-27" ID-PubMed="25987878" ID-ZBK="4B2D56B231EA4CA483489805D8561989" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-501-27" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 501" ModsDocTitle="A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia1" checkinTime="1451244375285" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico &amp; Lapidin, Johnny" docDate="2015" docId="B72B0987B69C624ABD1404F2CAF36BBB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 501: 27-62" docOrigin="ZooKeys 501" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416" docTitle="Micronecta (Micronecta) liewi Chen, Nieser &amp; Lapidin, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="49A37756-016D-4BF7-A0B3-FAE0BAF10C5F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFC2FFE5F20B5764AA67FFFAD75AFF98" masterDocTitle="A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668160257159" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Ping-ping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nieser, Nico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lapidin, Johnny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>501</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059902" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:49A37756-016D-4BF7-A0B3-FAE0BAF10C5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B72B0987B69C624ABD1404F2CAF36BBB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="38" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="38">Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/49A37756-016D-4BF7-A0B3-FAE0BAF10C5F" class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta (Micronecta) liewi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liewi" subGenus="Micronecta">Micronecta (Micronecta) liewi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="11" pageNumber="38">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 17, 26, 35, 36, 46, 53, 61, 69, 82, 83, 93, 98
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="type material examined">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="39" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
material examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
Holotype: male (body length 1.72, in RMNH), MALAYSIA: Sabah, Crocker Range, Inobong Substation, Sungai Kibambangan (Fig. 98), downstream of waterfall,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="5.8546667">05°51.28'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="116.14017">116°08.41'E</geoCoordinate>
, 433 m. a.s.l., 18.ix.2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser &amp; J. Lapidin, CN1277. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 12 males, 17 females. All macropterous (in RMNH, NCTN, NMPC, ZCSM).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
Figure 98. Waterfall in Sungai Kibabangan (above) at Substation Inobong, the Sabah Parks, Sabah Malaysia; downstream of the waterfall (below), where the specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta liewi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liewi">Micronecta liewi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. were collected.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Macropterous form (Fig. 17). Generally, a rather small (body length 1.7-1.8) yellowish to light brown species, with distinct brown markings.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Dimensions. Length: male 1.71-1.79, female 1.72-1.82; width: male 0.89-0.90, female 0.89-0.93; diatone: male 0.65-0.68, female 0.64-0.69; width of pronotum: male 0.71-0.71, female 0.70-0.75; ocular index: male 1.82-2.06, female 1.89-2.18. Body length twice maximal width (male 1.74/0.90, female 1.78/0.91).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Colour. Frons and vertex sordid yellow, eyes dark castaneous. Pronotum and hemelytra sordid yellow to light brown, the hemelytra with a broad transverse medium to dark brown band at middle (Fig. 26), left membrane medium to dark brown. Disk of pronotum unmarked. Venter and thorax sordid yellow, laterally infuscate, abdomen grayish brown, medially variably lighter. Legs pale yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Head slightly narrower than pronotum, synthlipsis 1.7-1.8 times as wide as the posterior margin of an eye.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="40" start="start">Pronotum</pageBreakToken>
well developed, dorsally convex with lateral margins distinctly straight, and more or less truncate (Fig. 17), slightly over 2.5 times as wide as long (W/L male 0.71/0.26, female 0.72/0.28). Hemelytra (Fig. 26) smooth, beset with extremely small unobtrusive spinules. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with one short and one long spine, VI with two short, and two long spines; VII with three or four short and one long spine; VIII with four or five medium long spines and two long hair-like bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Legs. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.24, tibia 0.11, pala 0.12; female: femur 0.23, tibiotarsus 0.22; middle leg: male: femur 0.54, tibia 0.17, tarsus 0.25, claw 0.14; female: femur 0.56, tibia 0.19, tarsus 0.23, claw 0.15; hind leg: male: femur 0.39, tibia 0.29, tarsus I 0.32, tarsus II 0.13, claw 0.08; female: femur 0.42, tibia 0.33, tarsus I 0.32, tarsus II 0.13, claw 0.08. Palmar bristles: about 13 in lower row and ca. 11 in upper row.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="41" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
. Fore femur (Fig. 35) with a pair of pegs in proximal third, one peg dorsally at distal third and two pegs dorsodistally; tibia without dorsoapical peg; pala with three comparatively short dorsal hairs, 10-12 short bristles in upper row, distal bristle of upper row much stouter and longer than other upper bristles, and 14 to 16 longer bristles in lower row. Claw simple, elongate (Fig. 36). Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar lobe (Fig. 46) with a pointed apex, strigil small and narrow (Fig. 53), comb with about 75 teeth, free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 69) caudally truncate. Left paramere (Fig. 83) with a wide shaft, apex with short longitudinal grooves; right paramere (Fig. 82) with a medium-sized shaft and a slightly expanded apex, basal lobe strongly developed, stridulatory ridges not observed. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 61) with four bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Female. Fore femur with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. Seminal capsule of spermatheca urn-shaped (Fig. 93).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="comparative notes">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Comparative notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
The hemelytral pattern is diagnostic among the Melanesian
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micronecta</taxonomicName>
fauna.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta liewi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liewi">Micronecta liewi</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta melanopardala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="melanopardala" subspecies="melanopardala">Micronecta melanopardala melanopardala</taxonomicName>
Nieser &amp; Chen, 2003 described from the Philippines by having a similar transverse band midway along the hemelytra, but it differs from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta melanopardala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="melanopardala" subspecies="melanopardala">Micronecta melanopardala melanopardala</taxonomicName>
by lacking a dark patch on the clavi as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta melanopardala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopardala">Micronecta melanopardala</taxonomicName>
. In general,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta liewi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liewi">Micronecta liewi</taxonomicName>
has more distinct dark markings than in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta melanopardala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="melanopardala" subspecies="adiaphana">Micronecta melanopardala adiaphana</taxonomicName>
Nieser &amp; Chen, 2003. Furthermore, in both subspecies of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta melanopardala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopardala">Micronecta melanopardala</taxonomicName>
, the shafts of the right parameres are more slender than
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta liewi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liewi">Micronecta liewi</taxonomicName>
, and the apex of the right paramere of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta melanopardala" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanopardala">Micronecta melanopardala</taxonomicName>
is not expanded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
The strongly developed distal bristle of the upper row on the male pala (Figs 35, 36) gives impression of an additional claw as in the subgenus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Unguinecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unguinecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Unguinecta</taxonomicName>
Nieser, Chen &amp; Yang, 2005 from southern continental Asia. However, the four bristles on mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII of the male, the shape of the parameres, and the shape of the free lobe on the left part of tergite VIII of the male will all allow placement in the subgenus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Micronectidae" genus="Micronecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micronecta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micronecta</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">This species is named in honor of Dr. Thor Seng Liew (NBC Naturalis and Sabah University, Malaysia), for his outstanding contributions to the study of the biodiversity of Sabah, and his invaluable help with our work on water bugs in Borneo.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">The type series was collected in a small, virtually stagnant bay on the downstream side of Kibambangan waterfall (Fig. 98).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Malaysia: Sabah (this paper).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<bibRefCitation id="0E98A455F6A9F038FDCF536A400F64D1" author="Pun, W W" journalOrPublisher="Camara Municipal das ilhas, Macau" pageId="0" pageNumber="118110" refId="B10631956" refString="Pun, W W, Batalha, C D C, 1997. Manual de insect de Macau. Camara Municipal das ilhas, Macau" title="Manual de insect de Macau." year="1997">Pun and Batalha (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName authority="Ball &amp; Shpeley" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Selenophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenophorus pseudomundus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomundus">Selenophorus pseudomundus Ball &amp; Shpeley</taxonomicName>
Figs 31C, 32
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, 33B, 34
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<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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pseudomundus
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Ball &amp; Shpeley, 1992: 99.-
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: 85.-
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Lorenz, Tutzing" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" title="Systematic list of ground beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera &quot; Geadephaga &quot;: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). W." year="1998">Lorenz 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 356.-
<bibRefCitation pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 377.-
<bibRefCitation author="Perez-Gelabert, DE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 530" title="Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography." volume="1831" year="2008">Perez-Gelabert 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 80.
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<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Complete label data for type material (holotype (CMNH), allotype, and 8 paratypes) are provided in the original description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Las Mercedes, Pedernales Province, Dominican Republic.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
This species is readily separated from the other species in the mundus species group by a combination of: elytra with slightly transverse microsculpture, sculpticells about 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
wide as long and head and pronotum shiny, without visible microlines.
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<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Descriptive notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Data for SBL in Table 1. Habitus as in Fig. 31C. Clypeus and labrum with anterior margin of each shallowly concave. Antennae and mouthparts testaceous to rufo-testaceous; legs testaceous. Dorsal and ventral surfaces brunneous to dark brunneous; elytral epipleuron paler than disc. Elytra with cupreous metallic luster. Head and pronotum shiny, microlines not visible at 100
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; elytra with mesh pattern transverse, sculpticells about 2
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wide as long. Pronotum with posteriolateral impressions moderately coarsely punctate; posteriolateral angles rounded. Elytral striae impunctate, except the standard setigerous punctures in striae 2, 5 and 7. Males with two terminal setae and females with four terminal setae near the posterior margin on sternum VII.
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Male genitalia. Fig. 32
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. Apical portion of phallic median lobe moderately long, broadly triangular, symmetrically rounded in dorsal/ventral aspect, tip curved up dorsally; endophallus without spines or dark microtrichial fields; without lamina. Ventral surface of shaft smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ovipositor and female reproductive tract. Fig. 33B. Gonocoxite 2 moderately thick, somewhat falcate. Bursa copulatrix short; spermatheca (sp) sausage-like, originating near base of common oviduct; long spermathecal gland duct originating about mid-length of spermatheca. Spermathecal gland (spg) small, bulbous, with swelling of duct, larger than gland, basad gland.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<pageBreakToken pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">Geographical</pageBreakToken>
distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 34. This species is known only from the Greater Antillean Island of Hispaniola, specifically the southwestern regions of the Dominican Republic.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chorological affinities and relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
The range of this species is overlapped by the range of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. mundus" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="mundus">S. mundus</taxonomicName>
. Relationships of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pseudomundus" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="pseudomundus">S. pseudomundus</taxonomicName>
are not postulated beyond species group membership.
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<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">In addition to type material, we have seen a total of 40 specimens (19 males, 21 females). See Appendix for details.</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="3B88C4BE0E0A81D7E4772568126A5703" author="Ulmer, G." journalOrPublisher="Notes from the Leyden Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1557" pagination="1 - 53" title="Neue Trichopteren" volume="29" year="1907">Ulmer 1907a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="08917D17799D8CAD83E9C83A69F96575" author="Calor, A. R." journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1557" pagination="318 - 328" title="Checklist dos Trichoptera (Insecta) do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil." volume="11" year="2011">Calor 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5F6F46CF9A482681CAD41AE544650CE8" author="Souza, W. R. M." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1557" pagination="1 - 10" title="Trichoptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil" volume="1" year="2013">Souza et al. 2013a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FF27152B85A032403F9E15711DE6FAC5" author="Quinteiro, F. B." editor="Bravo, F." journalOrPublisher="Printmidia, Feira de Santana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1557" title="Artropodes do Semiarido: biodiversidade e conservacao" year="2014">Quinteiro et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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