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<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FC06FD0BFA41FD2F" ID-CoL="C5KVW" authority="(NELSON, 1925)" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[932,1419,687,714]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FC06FD0BFB0BFD2F" box="[932,1217,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">EOCYPRAEA NOVASUMMA</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FB71FD0BFA4AFD2F" author="Nelson, R. N." box="[1235,1408,687,714]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="397 - 466" refId="ref39989" refString="Nelson, R. N. 1925. A contribution to the paleontology of the Martinez Eocene of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 15 (11): 397 - 466, pls. 49 - 61." type="journal article" year="1925">NELSON, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FBF5FD68FB13FD08" blockId="25.[932,1419,687,749]" box="[1111,1241,723,749]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCAFFB1FBF5FD68FB13FD08" box="[1111,1241,723,749]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-12@26.[112,1456,197,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 8A–C. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. D–F. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. G–I. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. J–L. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. M–P. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206." pageId="25" pageNumber="24">FIGS. 8A–C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2FCA1FA95FC9F" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FCC2FCA1FB2BFCD1" authority="Nelson, 1925" authorityName="Nelson" authorityYear="1925" box="[864,1249,792,822]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ovulidae" genus="Ovula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2FCA1FBF7FCD1" box="[864,1085,792,822]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Ovula novasumma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FBE3FCA2FB2BFCD1" author="Nelson, R. N." box="[1089,1249,793,820]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="397 - 466" refId="ref39989" refString="Nelson, R. N. 1925. A contribution to the paleontology of the Martinez Eocene of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 15 (11): 397 - 466, pls. 49 - 61." type="journal article" year="1925">Nelson, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. p. 398, chart opposite p. 402, 425; pl. 57, fig. 2.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FBCBFC86FA59FCB2" author="Keen, A. M. &amp; H. Bentson" box="[1129,1427,828,855]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref39217" refString="Keen, A. M. and H. Bentson. 1944. Check list of Califor- nia Tertiary marine Mollusca. Geological Society of America Special Papers 56: v + 1 - 280, figs. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1944">Keen and Bentson, 1944</bibRefCitation>
. p. 183. Zinsmeister and Paredes-Mejia, 1988. p. 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2FC38FB6FFBCF" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FCC2FC38FA4BFC7B" ID-CoL="C5KVW" authority="(Nelson)" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[864,1409,897,927]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma" subGenus="Eocypraea">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2FC38FC15FC7A" box="[864,991,899,927]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Eocypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FC4CFC38FBA7FC7A" box="[1006,1133,899,927]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Eocypraea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FBDEFC3AFAC4FC78" box="[1148,1294,897,925]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">novasumma</emphasis>
(Nelson)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FA2AFC38FC4BFC25" author="Schilder, F. A." pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref41900" refString="Schilder, F. A. 1932. Cypraeacea (Mollusca Gastropoda Prosobranchia) (Familien Eratoidae, Cypraeidae und Amphiperatidae). Pp. 1 - 276 in W. Quenstedt (ed.). Fossilium Catalogus, 1: Animalia, pt. 55. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book" year="1932">Schilder, 1932</bibRefCitation>
. p. 214 [as
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FBB4FC1EFBE7FC24" box="[1046,1069,933,961]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FB97FC1DFB35FC24" ID-CoL="C5KVW" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1077,1279,933,961]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma" subGenus="Eocypraea">
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FBE2FC1EFB9BFC24" box="[1088,1105,933,961]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">E</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FBC9FC1EFB35FC24" box="[1131,1279,933,961]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">novasumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FABAFC1DFA01FC25" author="Schilder, F. A." box="[1304,1483,934,960]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="57 - 120" refId="ref42034" refString="Schilder, F. A. 1941. Verwandtschaft und Verbreitung der Cypraeacea. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 73 (2 / 3): 57 - 120, figs. 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="1941">Schilder, 1941</bibRefCitation>
. p. 102. Weaver, MS [1959]. p. 480; pl. 21, figs. 1, 2.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FA36FC72FC48FBE2" author="Groves, L. T." pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="101 - 107" refId="ref37814" refString="Groves, L. T. 1992. California cowries (Cypraeacea): Past and present, with notes on recent tropical eastern Pacific species. The Festivus 24 (9): 101 - 107, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1992">Groves, 1992</bibRefCitation>
. p. 106.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FC56FC56FB54FBE2" author="Groves, L. T." box="[1012,1182,1005,1031]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="11 - 14" refId="ref37858" refString="Groves, L. T. 1993. Fossil and recent species of eastern Pacific Cypraeacea (Pediculariidae, Cypraeidae, and Ovulidae). The Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report 25: 11 - 14." type="book chapter" year="1993">Groves, 1993</bibRefCitation>
. p. 11.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FAA2FC56FA63FBE2" author="Groves, L. T." box="[1280,1449,1005,1031]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="7 - 10" refId="ref38049" refString="Groves, L. T. 1997. Fossil and recent species of eastern Pacific Cypraeacea (Cypraeidae and Eocypraeinae [Ovulidae]): An update. The Western Society of Malacology Annual Report 29: 7 - 10." type="book chapter" year="1997">Groves, 1997</bibRefCitation>
. p. 7. Groves, 2011. p. 46 (table 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2FB88FAF6FB95" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FCC2FB88FB81FBA8" authority="(Nelson, 1925)" box="[864,1099,1073,1103]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasuma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2FB88FB81FBA8" box="[864,1099,1073,1103]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Cypraea novasuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FBFDFB8AFBB5FBA8" box="[1119,1151,1073,1101]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">sic</emphasis>
] (Nelson).
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FAB2FB88FA00FBA8" author="Ingram, W. M." box="[1296,1482,1075,1101]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="47 - 124" refId="ref39085" refString="Ingram, W. M. 1947 a. Fossil and recent Cypraeidae of the western regions of the Americas. Bulletin of American Paleontology 31 (120): 47 - 124, pls. 5 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Ingram, 1947a</bibRefCitation>
. p. 60, 98, pl. 3, fig. 9.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FB86FBECFB16FB95" author="Ingram, W. M." box="[1060,1244,1110,1137]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="141 - 161" refId="ref39125" refString="Ingram, W. M. 1947 b. Check list of the Cypraeidae occur- ring in the Western Hemisphere. Bulletins of American Paleontology 31 (122): 141 - 161." type="journal article" year="1947">Ingram, 1947b</bibRefCitation>
. p. 147.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2FBC1FB0BFB3F" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FCC2FBC1FA21FB71" authority="(Whitfield, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Whitfield" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[864,1515,1144,1174]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sabuloviridis" subGenus="Eocypraea">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2FBC1FC14FB73" box="[864,990,1146,1174]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Eocypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FC4CFBC1FBA6FB73" box="[1006,1132,1146,1174]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Eocypraea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FBD9FBC3FAD9FB71" box="[1147,1299,1144,1172]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">sabuloviridis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FA81FBC2FA15FB76" author="Whitfield, R. P." box="[1315,1503,1145,1171]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 401" refId="ref44746" refString="Whitfield, R. P. 1892. Gastropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey. U. S. Geological Survey Monograph 18: 1 - 401, pls. 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1892">Whitfield, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FCE2FB27FB5FFB52" author="Schilder, M. &amp; F. A. Schilder" box="[832,1173,1180,1207]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref42099" refString="Schilder, M. and F. A. Schilder. 1971. A catalogue of living and fossil cowries. Taxonomy and bibliography of Trivacea and Cypraeacea (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Memoires, Deuxieme Serie, 85: 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1971">Schilder and Schilder, 1971</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 66, 137. Not
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FACDFB26FB76FB3F" authority="(Whitfield, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Whitfield" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sabuloviridis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FACDFB26FC16FB3F" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Eocypraea sabuloviridis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FC4FFB7BFB7AFB3F" author="Whitfield, R. P." box="[1005,1200,1216,1242]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 401" refId="ref44746" refString="Whitfield, R. P. 1892. Gastropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey. U. S. Geological Survey Monograph 18: 1 - 401, pls. 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1892">Whitfield, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2FB58FA95FA82" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FCC2FB58FB33FB1B" ID-CoL="C5KVW" authority="(Nelson)" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[864,1273,1249,1279]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2FB58FB4AFB18" box="[864,1152,1249,1279]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Eocypraea novasumma</emphasis>
(Nelson)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FAA5FB58FA20FB18" author="Zinsmeister, W. J." box="[1287,1514,1251,1277]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref44924" refString="Zinsmeister, W. J. 1974. Paleocene biostratigraphy of the Simi Hills, Ventura County, California. Ph. D diss. University of California, Riverside, CA. xii + 236 pp., 7 figs., 17 pls." type="book" year="1974">Zinsmeister, 1974</bibRefCitation>
. p. 129; pl. 13 [not pl. 8 as in text], figs. 8, 9;
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FAFAFABDFC4AFAA6" author="Zinsmeister, W. J." pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="61 - 70" refId="ref44970" refString="Zinsmeister, W. J. 1983. Late Paleocene (&quot; Martinez Pro- vincial Stage &quot;) molluscan fauna from the Simi Hills, Ventura County, California. In R. L. Squires and M. V. Filewicz (eds.). Cenozoic Geology of the Simi Valley Area, Southern California. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Fall Field Trip Volume and Guidebook. 35: 61 - 70, pls. 1 - 4" type="journal article" year="1983">Zinsmeister, 1983</bibRefCitation>
. pp. 64, 69, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FB17FA92FA20FAA6" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" box="[1205,1514,1321,1347]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref38553" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 2021. Checklist of California Paleogene-Neogene marine Mollusca since Keen and Bentson (1944). PaleoBios 38: 1 - 360, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2021">Groves and Squires, 2021</bibRefCitation>
. p. 227 (as
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FC63FAF6FBECFA8C" ID-CoL="7NV8K" authorityName="Groves &amp; Squires" authorityYear="2023" box="[961,1062,1357,1385]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Cypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FC63FAF6FBECFA8C" box="[961,1062,1357,1385]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Cypraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 232.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FBD8FAF7FADAFA82" author="Fehse, D." box="[1146,1296,1356,1383]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref37236" refString="Fehse, D. 2021. Zur systemstischen stellung der Eocy- praeidae F. A. Schilder 1924. Part 2. (Mollusca: Gas- tropoda: Cypraeoidea). Privately published online, Berlin, Germany 46 p., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="2021">Fehse, 2021</bibRefCitation>
. p. 42.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2FACBFA76FA34" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FCC2FACBFB23FA6E" ID-CoL="C5KVW" authority="(Nelson)" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[864,1257,1390,1420]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2FACBFBBDFA6F" box="[864,1143,1390,1420]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Eocypraea novasumma</emphasis>
(Nelson)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FB52FACBFA20FA6F" author="Paredes-Mejia, L. M." box="[1264,1514,1392,1418]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref40983" refString="Paredes-Mejia, L. M. 1989. Late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic stratigraphy and paleontology (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Sepultura Formation, Mesa San Carlos, Baja Cali- fornia Norte, Mexico. M. S. thesis. Purdue University, Lafayette, IN. 527 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1989">Paredes-Mejia, 1989</bibRefCitation>
. p. 195, 196, pl. 4, figs. 8–10.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FB39FA28FA92FA48" author="Perrilliat, M." box="[1179,1368,1427,1453]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="127 - 148" refId="ref41128" refString="Perrilliat, M. del C. 2013. Fossil gastropods from the late Paleocene Sepultura Formation, Baja California, Mexico. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 268 (2): 127 - 148, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2013">Perrilliat, 2013</bibRefCitation>
. p. 134, figs. 4.3, 4.4. Not
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFCAFFB1FC78FA0DFA7DFA34" ID-CoL="C5KVW" authority="(Nelson, 1925)" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[986,1463,1461,1490]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FC78FA0DFB3FFA34" box="[986,1269,1461,1490]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Eocypraea novasumma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FAA5FA0DFA61FA34" author="Nelson, R. N." box="[1287,1451,1462,1489]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="397 - 466" refId="ref39989" refString="Nelson, R. N. 1925. A contribution to the paleontology of the Martinez Eocene of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 15 (11): 397 - 466, pls. 49 - 61." type="journal article" year="1925">Nelson, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFCAFFB3FCC2FA62FD69FC7C" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2FA62FA93F9B8" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFCAFFB1FCC2FA62FA93F9B8" collectionCode="UCMP" county="Ventura County" location="Meier Canyon" municipality="Locality" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="UCMP 30499" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2FA62FB33FA16" bold="true" box="[864,1273,1497,1523]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFCAFFB1FCC2FA62FC16FA16" box="[864,988,1497,1523]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and Type Locality—
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFCAFFB1FB5BFA62FA6BFA16" box="[1273,1441,1497,1523]" collectionCode="UCMP" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" type="University or college">UCMP 30499</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFCAFFB1FA16FA62FC4FF9F2" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="27.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-12@26.[112,1456,197,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 8A–C. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. D–F. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. G–I. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. J–L. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. M–P. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206." pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Figs. 8A–C</figureCitation>
), length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCAFFB1FC4BFA47FB9CF9F2" box="[1001,1110,1532,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="15.8">15.8 mm</quantity>
, width 11.9, height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFCAFFB1FA9DFA46FA57F9F2" box="[1343,1437,1533,1559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
.
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCAFFB1FA07FA46FA3BF9F2" box="[1445,1521,1533,1559]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="FA6DF220FFCAFFB1FCE2F99BFC6BF9DF" box="[832,929,1568,1594]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Locality</collectingMunicipality>
3776,north side
<location id="1F693E81FFCAFFB1FBCCF99BFADFF9DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCAFFB3FC06FD0BFBC1FA87:1F693E81FFCAFFB1FBCCF99BFADFF9DF" box="[1134,1301,1568,1594]" county="Ventura County" municipality="Locality" name="Meier Canyon" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="California">Meier Canyon</location>
, south side of
<location id="1F693E81FFCAFFB1FA18F99BFC41F9B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCAFFB3FC06FD0BFBC1FA87:1F693E81FFCAFFB1FA18F99BFC41F9B8" county="Ventura County" municipality="Locality" name="Simi Valley" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="California">Simi Valley</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFCAFFB1FC37F9F8FB9DF9B8" box="[917,1111,1603,1629]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Ventura County</collectingCounty>
, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCAFFB1FB7BF9F8FA9CF9B8" box="[1241,1366,1603,1629]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">California</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2F9DDFA61F8B1" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2F9DDFAD1F965" bold="true" box="[864,1307,1638,1664]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Referred Specimens—Hypotype</emphasis>
(of
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FAF6F9DDFC4AF946" author="Zinsmeister, W. J." pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref44924" refString="Zinsmeister, W. J. 1974. Paleocene biostratigraphy of the Simi Hills, Ventura County, California. Ph. D diss. University of California, Riverside, CA. xii + 236 pp., 7 figs., 17 pls." type="book" year="1974">Zinsmeister, 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FC28F932FC00F946" author="Zinsmeister, W. J." box="[906,970,1673,1699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="61 - 70" refId="ref44970" refString="Zinsmeister, W. J. 1983. Late Paleocene (&quot; Martinez Pro- vincial Stage &quot;) molluscan fauna from the Simi Hills, Ventura County, California. In R. L. Squires and M. V. Filewicz (eds.). Cenozoic Geology of the Simi Valley Area, Southern California. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Fall Field Trip Volume and Guidebook. 35: 61 - 70, pls. 1 - 4" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
)
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCAFFB1FC78F932FBC5F946" box="[986,1039,1673,1699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">UCR</collectionCode>
6871/13 (not
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCAFFB1FB1DF932FB3EF946" box="[1215,1268,1673,1699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">UCR</collectionCode>
3776/1),
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCAFFB1FAC9F932FA6AF946" box="[1387,1440,1673,1699]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">UCR</collectionCode>
Local- ity 6871, from the Santa Susana Formation on the north side of Simi Hills, Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California.
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FC71F948FB90F8E8" bold="true" box="[979,1114,1779,1805]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Hypotype</emphasis>
(of
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FB34F948FA6FF8E8" author="Paredes-Mejia, L. M." box="[1174,1445,1779,1805]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" refId="ref40983" refString="Paredes-Mejia, L. M. 1989. Late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic stratigraphy and paleontology (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Sepultura Formation, Mesa San Carlos, Baja Cali- fornia Norte, Mexico. M. S. thesis. Purdue University, Lafayette, IN. 527 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1989">Paredes-Mejia, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCAFFB1FA19F948FA25F8E8" box="[1467,1519,1779,1805]" country="Mongolia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0h5a-qjh4" name="Geological Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">IGM</collectionCode>
4388,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCAFFB1FC2EF8ACFC7AF8D4" box="[908,944,1815,1841]" country="USA" name="Princeton University" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">PU</collectionCode>
Locality 1334, Mesa San Carlos,
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCAFFB1FA95F8ADFA27F8D5" box="[1335,1517,1814,1840]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFCAFFB1FCE2F882FC53F8B6" box="[832,921,1849,1875]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">México</collectingCountry>
(= hypotype
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFCAFFB1FB9FF882FBBAF8B6" box="[1085,1136,1849,1875]" country="Mongolia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0h5a-qjh4" name="Geological Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">IGM</collectionCode>
4367 of
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFCAFFB1FB7FF882FA50F8B6" author="Perrilliat, M." box="[1245,1434,1849,1875]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24" pagination="127 - 148" refId="ref41128" refString="Perrilliat, M. del C. 2013. Fossil gastropods from the late Paleocene Sepultura Formation, Baja California, Mexico. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 268 (2): 127 - 148, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2013">Perrilliat, 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFCAFFB1FCC2F8E7FA3AF87C" blockId="25.[832,1521,792,1946]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FCC2F8E7FBDDF893" bold="true" box="[864,1047,1884,1910]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Occurrence—</emphasis>
Middle Paleocene, southern California to northern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFCAFFB1FC7CF83BFB50F87F" box="[990,1178,1920,1946]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFCAFFB1FB0AF83BFAC9F87F" box="[1192,1283,1920,1946]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">México</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFCAFFB1FAB2F8C4FA3AF87C" bold="true" box="[1296,1520,1919,1945]" pageId="25" pageNumber="24">Selandian Stage:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="4EC938D2FFC8FFB3FFD2FF78FC2BFCF5" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" startId="27.[112,199,195,221]" targetBox="[131,1401,233,1889]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFC8FFB3FFD2FF78FC2BFCF5" blockId="27.[112,1510,193,784]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FFD2FF78FEDDFF38" bold="true" box="[112,279,195,221]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Figure 8A–C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FEBCFF78FD30FF38" authority="(Nelson, 1925)" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[286,762,193,223]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FEBCFF78FDF3FF38" box="[286,569,193,223]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Eocypraea novasumma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FDE9FF78FD25FF3B" author="Nelson, R. N." box="[587,751,195,222]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="397 - 466" refId="ref39989" refString="Nelson, R. N. 1925. A contribution to the paleontology of the Martinez Eocene of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 15 (11): 397 - 466, pls. 49 - 61." type="journal article" year="1925">Nelson, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFC8FFB3FC27FF5DFBC8FEE5" box="[901,1026,230,256]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">California</collectingRegion>
. Basal
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FBF7FF5DFB4AFEE5" bold="true" box="[1109,1152,230,256]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">(A)</emphasis>
, dorsal
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FB40FF5DFAC7FEE5" bold="true" box="[1250,1293,230,256]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">(B)</emphasis>
, and right-labral
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FFD2FEB2FF53FEC6" bold="true" box="[112,153,265,291]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">(C)</emphasis>
views, 3.2x, length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FE29FEB2FE2EFEC1" box="[395,484,265,292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FD9DFEB2FD64FEC1" box="[575,686,265,292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FCADFEB2FCA4FEC1" box="[783,878,265,292]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
, of
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFC8FFB3FC3AFEB2FBCDFEC6" box="[920,1031,265,291]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FBAFFEB2FB93FEC6" box="[1037,1113,265,291]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
30499,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FB1FFEB2FAC3FEC6" box="[1213,1289,265,291]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
Locality 4776.
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FFD2FE96FF6DFEA2" bold="true" box="[112,167,301,327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">D–F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FF0CFE96FDBDFEA2" authority="Groves, 2011" authorityName="Groves" authorityYear="2011" box="[174,631,299,329]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="takeosusukii">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FF0CFE96FE07FEA2" box="[174,461,299,329]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Eocypraea takeosusukii</emphasis>
Groves, 2011
</taxonomicName>
, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFC8FFB3FEE9FEEBFE02FE8F" box="[331,456,336,362]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">California</collectingRegion>
. Basal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FD84FEEBFDF1FE8F" bold="true" box="[550,571,336,362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">D</emphasis>
), dorsal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FD11FEEBFD0EFE8F" bold="true" box="[691,708,336,362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E</emphasis>
), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FA8BFEEBFA52FE8F" box="[1321,1432,336,362]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="18.8">18.8 mm</quantity>
,
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFC8FFB3FFD2FEC8FA73FE68" box="[112,1465,369,398]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="LACMIP 7045.1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FF62FEC8FEE5FE68" box="[192,303,371,397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="14.4">14.4 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FE32FEC8FE35FE68" box="[400,511,371,397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
, of
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFC8FFB3FD8BFEC8FD52FE68" box="[553,664,371,397]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFC8FFB3FD3CFEC8FCA8FE6B" box="[670,866,371,398]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP 7045.1</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FCCEFEC8FC1AFE68" box="[876,976,371,397]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Type 13645,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FBDBFEC8FB17FE68" box="[1145,1245,371,397]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 7045 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FA3DFECAFA73FE68" box="[1439,1465,369,397]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">ex</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FFD2FE2DFF51FE55" box="[112,155,406,432]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">CIT</collectionCode>
Locality 1580].
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FEC1FE2DFE5CFE55" bold="true" box="[355,406,406,432]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">G–I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FE3FFE2DFD8DFE54" box="[413,583,406,434]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FE3FFE2DFDD4FE57" box="[413,542,406,434]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Eocypraea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, cf.
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FDD4FE2CFC70FE54" authority="(Lamarck, 1802)" authorityName="So CA" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[630,954,406,433]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inflata">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FDD4FE2CFD29FE55" box="[630,739,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. inflata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FD57FE2DFC65FE55" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[757,943,406,432]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="214 - 218" refId="ref39305" refString="Lamarck, J. B. 1802 - 1805. Memoires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris, comprenant la determination des especes qui appartiennent aux animaux marins sans vertebres, et dont la plupart sont figures dans la collection des velins du museum. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 1: 383 - 391 [1802], 6: 214 - 218, pls. 1 - 4 [1805]." type="journal article" year="1802">Lamarck, 1802</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFC8FFB3FD13FE02FCE4FE36" box="[689,814,441,467]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">California</collectingRegion>
. Basal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FC2FFE02FC6AFE36" bold="true" box="[909,928,441,467]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">G</emphasis>
), dorsal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FBBAFE02FBE7FE36" bold="true" box="[1048,1069,441,467]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">H</emphasis>
), and right (labral) (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FA8CFE02FAF2FE36" bold="true" box="[1326,1336,441,467]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">I</emphasis>
) views, 1.8x, length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FF64FE67FED5FE12" box="[198,287,476,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FED8FE66FE23FE12" box="[378,489,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="17.7">17.7 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FDE8FE66FD69FE12" box="[586,675,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, of hypotype
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FCEBFE66FC5FFE12" box="[841,917,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
15815, Locality
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FBC1FE66FB65FE12" box="[1123,1199,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
A-1282.
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FABCFE66FA84FE12" bold="true" box="[1310,1358,477,503]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">J–L.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FAF6FE66FF59FDFF" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FAF6FE66FA1FFE1C" box="[1364,1493,477,505]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Eocypraea</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFC8FFB3FA9AFDBBFA7FFDFF" box="[1336,1461,512,538]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">California</collectingRegion>
. Basal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FF67FD98FF05FDD8" bold="true" box="[197,207,547,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">J</emphasis>
), dorsal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FEE5FD98FE91FDD8" bold="true" box="[327,347,547,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">K</emphasis>
), and right (labral) (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FDFEFD98FDA6FDD8" bold="true" box="[604,620,547,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">L</emphasis>
) views, 1.5x, length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FCCBFD98FC08FDD8" box="[873,962,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FBBFFD98FB46FDD8" box="[1053,1164,547,574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="21.5">21.5 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FB4FFD98FA8CFDD8" box="[1261,1350,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
, of hypotype
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FFD2FDFDFF79FD85" box="[112,179,582,608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">CASG</collectionCode>
61666.04 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FEE0FDFEFE96FD84" box="[322,348,581,609]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FEC1FDFDFE57FD85" box="[355,413,582,608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LSJU</collectionCode>
10236],
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FDA9FDFDFD84FD85" box="[523,590,582,608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">CASG</collectionCode>
Locality 61666 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FC82FDFEFCF0FD84" box="[800,826,581,609]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FCE3FDFDFCB1FD85" box="[833,891,582,608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LSJU</collectionCode>
Locality 2073; =
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FBF3FDFDFB57FD85" box="[1105,1181,582,608]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
Locality A-9717].
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FA23FDFDFA77FD85" bold="true" box="[1409,1469,582,608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">M–P.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FFD2FDD1FEA2FD61" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[112,360,616,646]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Grovesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castacensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FFD2FDD1FEA2FD61" box="[112,360,616,646]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Grovesia castacensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FED5FDD2FDE2FD66" author="Stewart, R. B." box="[375,552,617,643]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="287 - 447" refId="ref43915" refString="Stewart, R. B. 1926 [1927]. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 78: 287 - 447, pls. 20 - 32." type="journal article" year="1926">Stewart, 1926</bibRefCitation>
[1927]),
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFC8FFB3FD3EFDD2FC16FCF5" collectionCode="UCMP, LACMIP" county="Kern County" location="Tehachapi Mountains" municipality="Tejon Formation" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" specimenCode="UCMP 11690, LACMIP 41206.2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingMunicipality id="FA6DF220FFC8FFB3FD3EFDD2FCA0FD66" box="[668,874,617,643]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Tejon Formation</collectingMunicipality>
(Eocene, “Tejon Stage”),
<location id="1F693E81FFC8FFB3FB3DFDD2FA67FD66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCAFFB3FC06FD0BFBC1FA87:1F693E81FFC8FFB3FB3DFDD2FA67FD66" box="[1183,1453,617,643]" county="Kern County" municipality="Tejon Formation" name="Tehachapi Mountains" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="California">Tehachapi Mountains</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFC8FFB3FFD2FD36FEC6FD42" box="[112,268,653,679]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Kern County</collectingCounty>
, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFC8FFB3FE2CFD37FDC1FD43" box="[398,523,652,678]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">California</collectingRegion>
.
<location id="1F693E81FFC8FFB3FDB7FD37FD92FD43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFCAFFB3FC06FD0BFBC1FA87:1F693E81FFC8FFB3FDB7FD37FD92FD43" box="[533,600,652,678]" county="Kern County" municipality="Tejon Formation" name="Basal" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" stateProvince="California">Basal</location>
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FDFCFD37FD45FD43" bold="true" box="[606,655,652,678]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">(M)</emphasis>
, dorsal
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FD53FD37FCEEFD43" bold="true" box="[753,804,652,678]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">(N),</emphasis>
and left (columellar)
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FB90FD37FB94FD43" bold="true" box="[1074,1118,652,678]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">(O)</emphasis>
views, 4.5x, length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FAF2FD36FA75FD42" box="[1360,1471,653,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FF62FD0BFED5FD2F" box="[192,287,688,714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FEDDFD14FE14FD2F" box="[383,478,687,714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
, of
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFC8FFB3FDABFD0BFDB2FD2F" box="[521,632,688,714]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFC8FFB3FDDCFD0BFCE8FD2F" box="[638,802,688,714]" collectionCode="UCMP" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">UCMP 11690</specimenCode>
, Grapevine Canyon,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FBBFFD0BFBA3FD2F" box="[1053,1129,688,714]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
Locality 452. Basal (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FACEFD0BFAB4FD2F" bold="true" box="[1388,1406,688,714]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">P</emphasis>
) view, 3.4x, length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FEA5FD68FEBCFD08" box="[263,374,723,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FE73FD68FDFAFD08" box="[465,560,723,749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFC8FFB3FD33FD68FD3AFD08" box="[657,752,723,749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
, of hypotype
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFC8FFB3FC34FD68FBA0FD08" box="[918,1130,723,749]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP 41206.2</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FBD7FD68FB13FD08" box="[1141,1241,723,749]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FD17FD4DFCD3FCF5" box="[693,793,758,784]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 41206
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFC8FFB3FFD2FC83FD69FC7C" blockId="27.[111,801,824,1942]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
Santa Susana Formation (lower part), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFC8FFB3FDA0FCE0FDB6FC90" box="[514,636,859,885]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FD2EFCE0FF7BFC7C" author="Zinsmeister, W. J." pageId="27" pageNumber="26" refId="ref44924" refString="Zinsmeister, W. J. 1974. Paleocene biostratigraphy of the Simi Hills, Ventura County, California. Ph. D diss. University of California, Riverside, CA. xii + 236 pp., 7 figs., 17 pls." type="book" year="1974">Zinsmeister 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FF1FFCC4FF34FC7C" author="Zinsmeister, W. J." box="[189,254,895,921]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="61 - 70" refId="ref44970" refString="Zinsmeister, W. J. 1983. Late Paleocene (&quot; Martinez Pro- vincial Stage &quot;) molluscan fauna from the Simi Hills, Ventura County, California. In R. L. Squires and M. V. Filewicz (eds.). Cenozoic Geology of the Simi Valley Area, Southern California. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Fall Field Trip Volume and Guidebook. 35: 61 - 70, pls. 1 - 4" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FEAFFCC4FE60FC7C" author="Groves, L. T." box="[269,426,895,921]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="101 - 107" refId="ref37814" refString="Groves, L. T. 1992. California cowries (Cypraeacea): Past and present, with notes on recent tropical eastern Pacific species. The Festivus 24 (9): 101 - 107, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1992">Groves 1992</bibRefCitation>
, 1993, 1997, 2011).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFC8FFB3FF32FC19FE4CFC3A" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFC8FFB3FF32FC19FE4CFC3A" blockId="27.[111,801,824,1942]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FF32FC19FEF1FC59" bold="true" box="[144,315,930,956]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Etymology—</emphasis>
Originally from Latin
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FDE6FC1BFD12FC59" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[580,728,928,956]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FDE6FC1BFD12FC59" box="[580,728,928,956]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">novasumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘new ones’ … a new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFC8FFB3FF32FC53FD81FADA" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFC8FFB3FF32FC53FD81FADA" blockId="27.[111,801,824,1942]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FF32FC53FE86FBE7" bold="true" box="[144,332,1000,1026]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Description—</emphasis>
Shell small and smooth; inflated; left-lateral side more inflated than right-lateral side (thereby producing moderate “lop-sided” shape. Shell widest me- dially. Basal surface slightly inflated. Left-lateral posterior side of shell lowly protruding. Spire covered (involute?). Aperture straight, widens anteriorly, and prominently curved posteriorly adxially (to the left). Outer lip broad, flattish and with very subdued small teeth. Inner lip teeth also subdued and apparently more numerous and more closely spaced than those on outer lip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFC8FFB3FF32FAF3FBC1FA87" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFC8FFB3FF32FAF3FE86F873" blockId="27.[111,801,824,1942]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FF32FAF3FEECFA87" bold="true" box="[144,294,1352,1378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Remarks—</emphasis>
Preservation of the
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFC8FFB3FDBCFAF3FD47FA87" box="[542,653,1352,1378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of this spe- cies’ dentition is very poor. The anteriormost end of the
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFC8FFB3FFD2FA34FF15FA4C" box="[112,223,1423,1449]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is missing. Only a few specimens are known of the small-sized species. In the Simi Hills,
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FDCDFA0BFCEAFA29" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[623,800,1456,1484]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FDCDFA0BFCEAFA29" box="[623,800,1456,1484]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. novasumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs only low in the Santa Susana Formation in Runkle and Meier canyons, where its type locality is in the vicin- ity of the type locality of
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FE06F9A1FD08F9D3" box="[420,706,1562,1590]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
Propusularia
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FDE8F9A1FD08F9D3" authorityName="So CA" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[586,706,1562,1590]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Propustularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kemperae">kemperae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, whose geologic age was discussed earlier in this present paper and is of Selandian age. A poorly preserved specimen from the Santa Susana Formation, Quarry Canyon area, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California (
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FFD5F977FF15F903" box="[119,223,1740,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
11677.1,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FEF5F977FE71F903" box="[343,443,1740,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Type 14927),
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FDC9F977FD05F903" box="[619,719,1740,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Local- ity 11677, may be
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FEFEF956FDDFF8EC" box="[348,533,1773,1801]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FEFEF956FDDAF8EC" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[348,528,1773,1801]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">E. novasumma</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
An additional poorly preserved internal mold from the Sepultura Formation, Santa Catarina,
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFC8FFB3FE92F88EFE2DF8AA" box="[304,487,1845,1871]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFC8FFB3FE52F88EFD83F8AA" box="[496,585,1845,1871]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">México</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FDF7F88EFD77F8AA" box="[597,701,1845,1871]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
6364.1, Type
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FF16F8E3FED2F897" box="[180,280,1880,1906]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
14928) (
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FE2AF8E3FE3AF897" box="[392,496,1880,1906]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 6364) may also be
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FF37F8C1FE8CF873" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[149,326,1914,1942]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FF37F8C1FE8CF873" box="[149,326,1914,1942]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. novasumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFC8FFB3FCC2FC83FC10FBC3" blockId="27.[832,1521,823,1378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FCC2FC83FB03FCB7" author="Schilder, M. &amp; F. A. Schilder" box="[864,1225,824,850]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref42099" refString="Schilder, M. and F. A. Schilder. 1971. A catalogue of living and fossil cowries. Taxonomy and bibliography of Trivacea and Cypraeacea (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Memoires, Deuxieme Serie, 85: 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1971">Schilder and Schilder (1971)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FABEFC8CFA04FCB6" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1308,1486,823,851]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FABEFC8CFA04FCB6" box="[1308,1486,823,851]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. novasumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FC4DFCE1FB63FC93" baseAuthorityName="Whitfield" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1007,1193,858,886]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sabuloviridis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FC4DFCE1FB63FC93" box="[1007,1193,858,886]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. sabuloviridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FB19FCE0FAB4FC93" author="Whitfield, R. P." box="[1211,1406,859,886]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 401" refId="ref44746" refString="Whitfield, R. P. 1892. Gastropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey. U. S. Geological Survey Monograph 18: 1 - 401, pls. 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1892">Whitfield, 1892</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 223, 224, pl. 32, figs. 20–22), of the Eocene Greensand Marls of
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFC8FFB3FCC3FC19FC3AFC59" box="[865,1008,930,956]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
but they offered no explanation for this assignment. The
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFC8FFB3FBB7FC7EFB4EFC3A" box="[1045,1156,965,991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FB09FC7FFAAFFC05" baseAuthorityName="Whitfield" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1195,1381,964,992]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sabuloviridis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FB09FC7FFAAFFC05" box="[1195,1381,964,992]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. sabuloviridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a poorly preserved internal mold, which does not resemble
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FA7BFC5CFC1EFBC3" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FA7BFC5CFC1EFBC3" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">E. novasumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFC8FFB3FCC2FB94FBC1FA87" blockId="27.[832,1521,823,1378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
In the Sepultura Formation, Mesa San Carlos, Baja Cali- fornia,
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFC8FFB3FC37FBE9FC25FB89" box="[917,1007,1106,1132]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">México</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FC55FBE9FAC4FB89" authorityName="So CA, BC Mex" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[1015,1294,1104,1134]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="novasumma">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FC55FBE9FAC4FB89" box="[1015,1294,1104,1134]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Eocypraea novasumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from the same area as where specimens of
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFC8FFB3FAE5FBCFFC7DFB56" authorityName="So CA" baseAuthorityName="Nelson" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Propustularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kemperae">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFC8FFB3FAE5FBCFFC7DFB56" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Propustularia kemperae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FC64FB23FB70FB57" author="Paredes-Mejia, L. M." box="[966,1210,1176,1202]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" refId="ref40983" refString="Paredes-Mejia, L. M. 1989. Late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic stratigraphy and paleontology (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Sepultura Formation, Mesa San Carlos, Baja Cali- fornia Norte, Mexico. M. S. thesis. Purdue University, Lafayette, IN. 527 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1989">Paredes-Mejia 1989</bibRefCitation>
: p. 503;
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FABEFB23FA04FB57" author="Perrilliat, M." box="[1308,1486,1176,1202]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="127 - 148" refId="ref41128" refString="Perrilliat, M. del C. 2013. Fossil gastropods from the late Paleocene Sepultura Formation, Baja California, Mexico. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 268 (2): 127 - 148, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2013">Perrilliat 2013</bibRefCitation>
: p. 29) were reported. However, the specimen, with different
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFC8FFB3FCE2FB64FCB9FB1C" box="[832,883,1247,1273]" country="Mongolia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0h5a-qjh4" name="Geological Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">IGM</collectionCode>
hypotype numbers, reported by both
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FA9DFB64FC52FAF9" author="Paredes-Mejia, L. M." pageId="27" pageNumber="26" refId="ref40983" refString="Paredes-Mejia, L. M. 1989. Late Cretaceous-early Cenozoic stratigraphy and paleontology (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Sepultura Formation, Mesa San Carlos, Baja Cali- fornia Norte, Mexico. M. S. thesis. Purdue University, Lafayette, IN. 527 pp., 19 pls." type="book" year="1989">Paredes-Mejia (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFC8FFB3FC7EFAB9FB7AFAF9" author="Perrilliat, M." box="[988,1200,1282,1308]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" pagination="127 - 148" refId="ref41128" refString="Perrilliat, M. del C. 2013. Fossil gastropods from the late Paleocene Sepultura Formation, Baja California, Mexico. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 268 (2): 127 - 148, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2013">Perrilliat (2013)</bibRefCitation>
is poorly preserved and does not favorably compare to the
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFC8FFB3FB48FA9EFA93FADA" box="[1258,1369,1317,1343]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and is likely another species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFB24FDC4FAA1FD7C" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[1158,1387,638,665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref41363" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la Nature, ou Tableau de l'Univers de des Corps Organisees. Palermo, Bar- ravecchia, 224 pp." type="book" year="1815">RAFINESQUE, 1815</bibRefCitation>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFD5FFAEFCC2FD7EFA20FA45" blockId="6.[832,1521,709,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFD5FFAEFCC2FD7EFC3CFD3A" bold="true" box="[864,1014,709,735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Remarks—</emphasis>
The classification and phylogenetic rela- tionships of cypraeiodeans are currently in a state of flux.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFCE2FCB0FB62FCC3" author="Schilder, M. &amp; F. A. Schilder" box="[832,1192,779,806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref42099" refString="Schilder, M. and F. A. Schilder. 1971. A catalogue of living and fossil cowries. Taxonomy and bibliography of Trivacea and Cypraeacea (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Memoires, Deuxieme Serie, 85: 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1971">Schilder and Schilder (1971)</bibRefCitation>
developed a classification scheme based on radula, osphradium, and shell charac- teristics,much of which was published in
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFA8FFCE9FA21FC89" author="Schilder, F. A." box="[1325,1515,850,876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref41992" refString="Schilder, F. A. 1936. Anatomical characters of the Cy- praeacea which confirm the conchological classifica- tion. Proceedings of the Malacological Society London 22 (2): 75 - 112, pls. 11 - 12." type="journal article" year="1936">Schilder (1936)</bibRefCitation>
. The classification system used in the present report for the higher systematics (phylum to superfamily) are from
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFCE2FC00FB9BFC33" author="Bouchet, P. &amp; J. - P. Rocroi &amp; B. Hausdorf &amp; A. Kaim &amp; Y. Kano &amp; A. Nutzel &amp; P. Pakhaev &amp; M. Schrodl &amp; E. E. Strong" box="[832,1105,955,982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 526" refId="ref35469" refString="Bouchet, P., J. - P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nutzel, P. Pakhaev, M. Schrodl, and E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophran families. Malacologia 61 (1 - 2): 1 - 526." type="journal article" year="2017">Bouchet et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
. The lower classification system (below superfamily level) is used, as follows:
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFAC6FC64FA3AFC1C" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1380,1520,991,1017]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Cypraeidae</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFC23FBB9FBFEFBF9" author="Lorenz, F." box="[897,1076,1026,1052]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref39506" refString="Lorenz, F. 2017. Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family Cypraeidae. Volume 1. Biology and Systematics. Conch- Books, Harxheim, Germany. 644 pp., numerous figures." type="book" year="2017">Lorenz (2017)</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFBE2FBB9FB23FBF9" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1924" box="[1088,1257,1026,1052]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Eocypraeidae</taxonomicName>
from various sources including
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFC1FFB9EFACEFBA5" author="Dolin, L. &amp; P. Lozouet" box="[957,1284,1061,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref36614" refString="Dolin, L. and P. Lozouet. 2004. Nouvelles especes de gasteropodes (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de l'Oligocene et du Miocene inferieur de l'Aquitaine (Sud-Ouest de la France). Partie 3. Cypraeidae et Ovulidae. Cossmanniana, hors serie, 4: 1 - 164, figs. 1 - 27, pls. 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2004">Dolin and Lozouet (2004)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFAB1FB9EFC5DFB86" author="Dolin, L. &amp; J-M. Pacaud" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="277 - 314" refId="ref36679" refString="Dolin, L. and J-M. Pacaud. 2009. Les Cypraeoidea et Ve- lutinoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) du Lutetien inferieur du Vicentin et dus Veronais (nord-est de l'Italie). Revue de Paleobiologie, Geneve 28 (2): 277 - 314, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2009">Dolin and Pacaud (2009)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFC00FBF2FB19FB86" author="Lorenz, F. &amp; D. Fehse" box="[930,1235,1096,1123]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref39581" refString="Lorenz, F. and D. Fehse. 2009. The living Ovulidae. A manual of the families of allied cowries: Ovulidae, Pediculariidae, Eocypraeidae. ConchBooks, Harxheim, Germany. 651 pp., numerous figs., 203 pls." type="book" year="2009">Lorenz and Fehse (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFAB0FBF3FA7CFB86" author="Fehse, D." box="[1298,1462,1096,1123]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref37236" refString="Fehse, D. 2021. Zur systemstischen stellung der Eocy- praeidae F. A. Schilder 1924. Part 2. (Mollusca: Gas- tropoda: Cypraeoidea). Privately published online, Berlin, Germany 46 p., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="2021">Fehse (2021)</bibRefCitation>
; and
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFCE2FBD0FC73FB60" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1871" box="[832,953,1131,1157]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eratoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Eratoidae</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFBA4FBD0FAB9FB63" author="Schilder, M. &amp; F. A. Schilder" box="[1030,1395,1131,1158]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref42099" refString="Schilder, M. and F. A. Schilder. 1971. A catalogue of living and fossil cowries. Taxonomy and bibliography of Trivacea and Cypraeacea (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Memoires, Deuxieme Serie, 85: 1 - 246." type="journal article" year="1971">Schilder and Schilder (1971)</bibRefCitation>
. As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFCC4FB34FBDAFB4C" author="Groves, L. T." box="[870,1040,1167,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref38215" refString="Groves, L. T. 2019. The family Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815, in the northeast Pacific: One spectacular spe- cies. Zoosymposia, James H. McLean Memorial Volume 13: 131 - 138, figs. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2019">Groves (2019</bibRefCitation>
: p. 132) and
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFB1AFB34FA9EFB4C" author="Fehse, D." box="[1208,1364,1167,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref37236" refString="Fehse, D. 2021. Zur systemstischen stellung der Eocy- praeidae F. A. Schilder 1924. Part 2. (Mollusca: Gas- tropoda: Cypraeoidea). Privately published online, Berlin, Germany 46 p., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="2021">Fehse (2021</bibRefCitation>
: p. 19), taxa within Cypraeoidea include the so-called true cowries (family
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFC03FB6EFAC5FB15" authority="Rafinesque, 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[929,1295,1237,1264]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Cypraeidae
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFB97FB6EFAC5FB15" author="Rafinesque, C. S." box="[1077,1295,1237,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref41363" refString="Rafinesque, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la Nature, ou Tableau de l'Univers de des Corps Organisees. Palermo, Bar- ravecchia, 224 pp." type="book" year="1815">Rafinesque, 1815</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); egg and spindle cowries (family
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFBAFFB43FAF0FAF7" authority="Fleming, 1822" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1822" box="[1037,1338,1272,1298]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ovulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Ovulidae
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFB27FB43FAF0FAF7" author="Fleming, J." box="[1157,1338,1272,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref37284" refString="Fleming, J. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; Or a general view of the structure, functions and classification of animals. Vol. 2. Constable &amp; Co. Edinburgh, 618 pp." type="book" year="1822">Fleming, 1822</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); pedicularias (family
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFC02FAA0FB2BFAD3" authority="Gray, 1853" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1853" box="[928,1249,1307,1334]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pediculariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Pediculariidae
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFBF9FAA7FB2BFAD3" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1115,1249,1307,1334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="32 - 44" refId="ref37720" refString="Gray, J. E. 1853. On the division of ctenobranchous gas- teropodous Mollusca into larger groups and fami- lies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 21: 32 - 44, figs. 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1853">Gray, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), eocypraeids (family
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFCE2FA84FB0BFABC" authority="Schilder, 1924 a" authorityName="Schilder" authorityYear="1924" box="[832,1217,1343,1369]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Eocypraeidae
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFC5BFA84FB0BFABC" author="Schilder, F. A." box="[1017,1217,1343,1369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="179 - 214" refId="ref41772" refString="Schilder, F. A. 1924 a. Systematischer Index der rezenten Cypraeidae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 90 A (4): 179 - 214." type="journal article" year="1924">Schilder, 1924a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); false cowries (family
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFCE2FAD9FBA6FA99" authority="Troschel, 1863" authorityName="Troschel" authorityYear="1863" box="[832,1132,1378,1404]" family="Trividae" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="family">
Trividae
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFC13FAD9FBA6FA99" author="Troschel, F. H." box="[945,1132,1378,1404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref44045" refString="Troschel, F. H. 1863. Das Gebiss der Schnecken zur Be- grundung einer naturlichen Classification. Vol. 1, Pt. 5, viii + 197 - 252, pls. 17 - 20. Nicolaische verlagsbuch- handlung, Berlin." type="book" year="1863">Troschel, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), eratos (family
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFA9CFAD9FC4BFA7A" authority="Gill, 1871" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1871" class="Gastropoda" family="Eratoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Eratoidae
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFA62FAD9FC4BFA7A" author="Gill, T." pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref37525" refString="Gill, T. 1871. Arrangement of the families of mollusks. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 227: xvi + 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1871">Gill, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); and lamellarias (family
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFD5FFAEFB62FA3EFA13FA7A" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1216,1497,1413,1439]" class="Gastropoda" family="Velutinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Velutinidae
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFAF6FA3EFA13FA7A" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1364,1497,1413,1439]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="105 - 152" refId="ref37679" refString="Gray, J. E. 1840. Shells of molluscous animals. In: Synop- sis of the contents of the British Museum, ed. 42. G. Woodfall, London. Pp. 105 - 152." type="book chapter" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFD5FFAEFCC2FA13FA01F939" blockId="6.[832,1521,709,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
The genera in this present report are arranged (sys- tematically), according to their present classification. The arrangement at the species level is, however, alphabetical for each genus (
<tableCitation id="57345DE1FFD5FFAEFBAEF9A9FBA1F9C9" box="[1036,1131,1554,1580]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[112,186,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,227,1677]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@7.[139,1463,215,1644]" captionText="Table 1. Paleogene cypraeoideans from NEP, with author(s), families, subfamilies, geographic distribution, and stage range. Taxa arranged following Lorenz (2017) and Fehse (2021) and listed alphabetically under each genus. Van Is=Vancouver Island, British Columbia, WA=Washington, OR=Oregon, CA=California, BCS Méx=Baja California Sur, México. No=North, So=South, mid=middle, n. comb.=new combination, n. sp.=new species, sp.=species." pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Summaries of the synonyms (different names for the same species) and chresonyms (usages of any given scientific name), given in the “Sys- tematic Paleontology” section for each species, represent combinations of synonomy and chresonomy. The latter term is used in the sense of
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFD5FFAEFB38F979FA0CF939" author="Smith, H. M. &amp; R. B. Smith" box="[1178,1478,1730,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="445" refId="ref42477" refString="Smith, H. M. and R. B. Smith. 1972. Chresonomy ex syn- onymy. Systematic Zoology 21 (4): 445." type="journal article" year="1972">Smith and Smith (1972)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FE93FF78FD95FF38" ID-CoL="C4Y69" authority="(GROVES AND SQUIRES, 1995)" box="[305,607,195,221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FE93FF78FD95FF38" box="[305,607,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">SUBEPONA GOEDERTORUM</emphasis>
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(
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AND
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FE1FFF5DFDBAFEE4" author="Squires, R. L. &amp; J. L. Goedert" box="[445,624,230,257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="254 - 269" refId="ref43534" refString="Squires, R. L. and J. L. Goedert. 1995. New species of mid- dle Eocene gastropods from the northern Doty Hills, southwestern Washington. The Veliger 38 (3): 254 - 269, figs. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1995">SQUIRES, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
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<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFDFFFA4FE2BFEB2FDCCFEC6" box="[393,518,265,291]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[123,1510,192,1968]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4 (previous page). A–C. Nucleolaria cowlitzensis Groves, 1994, Cowlitz Formation (middle Eocene, upper “Tejon Stage”), Vader area, south-central Lewis County, Washington. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and left (columellar) side (C) views, 1.9x, length 27.2 mm, width 17.3 mm, height 11.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 39837, UCMP Locality D-8040. D–H. Propustularia kemperae (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation, (Paleocene, Selandian Stage), north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and right (labral) side (F), and views, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of holotype CASG 391.01 [ex CASG 987], Locality CASG 391. Dorsal (G) view, 2.6x, length 18.2 mm, width 14.9, height 11.2 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 22307.6, LACMIP Type 14918 (LACMIP Locality 22307). Basal (H) view, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of paratype UCMP 30541, UCMP Locality 3764. I–N. Subepona goedertorum (Groves and Squires, 1995), Crescent Forma- tion (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Black Hills, Thurston County, Washington. Basal (I), dorsal (J), left (columellar) lateral (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 2.8x, length 19.4 mm, width 12.3, height 10.8 mm, of holotype LACMIP 16655.23, LACMIP Type 12375, LACMIP Locality 16655 [=LACMIP Locality 41563; ex CSUN Locality 1563]. M–N, Juncal Formation, Canton Canyon, Whitaker Peak area, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (M) and dorsal (N) views, both 2.4x, length 19.4 mm, width 13.9, height 9.4 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40807.1, LACMIP Type 14935 (LACMIP Locality 40807 [= LACMIP Locality 16191, ex CSUN Locality 807]). O–Q, Subepona leahae n. sp., Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (O), dorsal (P), and left (labral) side (Q) views, 1.6x, length 29.5 mm, width 13.9, height 15.1 mm, of holotype LACMIP 40374.79, LACMIP Type 14936, (LACMIP Locality 40374)." pageId="12" pageNumber="11">FIGS. 4I–N</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FF32FEF5FE39FE12" blockId="12.[110,800,334,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FF32FEF5FD25FE8F" ID-CoL="8GN3Q" authority="Groves and Squires, 1995" authorityName="Groves and Squires" authorityYear="1995" box="[144,751,334,364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Proadusta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF32FEF5FE78FE89" box="[144,434,334,364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Proadusta goedertorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FE15FEEBFD25FE8F" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" box="[439,751,335,362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref38438" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 1995. First report of the ge- nus Proadusta Sacco, 1894 (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from the Western Hemisphere, with a description of a new species from the Eocene of Washington. The Nautilus 109 (4): 113 - 116, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995">Groves and Squires, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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. pp. 113–116, figs. 2–5 [fig. 4 is a right-lateral view, not a left-lateral view as stated in the caption; fig. 5 is a left-lateral view, not a right-lateral view as stated in the caption].
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FFD2FE67FECFFE12" author="Fehse, D." box="[112,261,476,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="2 - 56" refId="ref37059" refString="Fehse, D. 2009. Katalog der fossilen Cypraeoidea (Mol- lusca: Gastropoda) in der Sammlung Franz Alfred Schilder. 4. Die unterfamilie Erosariinae F. A. Schilder, 1924. Acta Conchyliorun Monographien 10: 2 - 56 figs. 1 - 38, pls. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="2009">Fehse, 2009</bibRefCitation>
. pp., 16, 19; fig. 32.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FF32FDB3FCEAFDA0" blockId="12.[112,800,520,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FF32FDB3FD05FDC6" ID-CoL="C4Y69" authority="(Groves and Squires)" authorityName="WA, So CA" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Squires" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[144,719,520,548]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF32FDB3FE79FDC1" box="[144,435,520,548]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Subepona goedertorum</emphasis>
(Groves and Squires)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FD7EFDB3FE9DFDA0" author="Dolin, L. &amp; P. Lozouet" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref36614" refString="Dolin, L. and P. Lozouet. 2004. Nouvelles especes de gasteropodes (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de l'Oligocene et du Miocene inferieur de l'Aquitaine (Sud-Ouest de la France). Partie 3. Cypraeidae et Ovulidae. Cossmanniana, hors serie, 4: 1 - 164, figs. 1 - 27, pls. 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2004">Dolin and Lozouet, 2004</bibRefCitation>
. p. 62.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FE09FD90FDABFDA0" author="Pacaud, J-M." box="[427,609,555,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref40499" refString="Pacaud, J-M. 2018 a. Presence a l'Eocene moyen du ba- sin de Paris de Subepona brackleshamensis (Schilder, 1929) (Mollusca: Cypraeoidea), espece decrite de l'Eocene d'Angleterre. Folia Conchyliologica 46: 5 - 12, figs. 1 - 2, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="2018">Pacaud, 2018a</bibRefCitation>
. p. 10 (table 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FF32FDEEFDA7FD52" blockId="12.[111,800,597,695]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FF32FDEEFD06FD94" authority="(Groves and Squires)" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Squires" box="[144,716,597,626]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Eopustularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF32FDEEFE00FD97" box="[144,458,597,626]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Eopustularia goedertorum</emphasis>
(Groves and Squires)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FD71FDEDFF7BFD76" author="Fehse, D." pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref37115" refString="Fehse, D. 2010. New species of fossil Cypraeoidea from Europe and Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Palaeontographica, Abteilung B: Palaeozoologie - Stratigraphe 292 (1 - 3): 1 - 19, fig. 1, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2010">Fehse, 2010</bibRefCitation>
. p. 5 (as
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FE82FDC3FD89FD73" ID-CoL="8GN3Q" authorityName="Groves and Squires" authorityYear="1995" box="[288,579,632,662]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Proadusta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FE82FDC3FD89FD73" box="[288,579,632,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Proadusta goedertorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FDF8FDC1FD34FD76" author="Lorenz, F." box="[602,766,633,660]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref39506" refString="Lorenz, F. 2017. Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family Cypraeidae. Volume 1. Biology and Systematics. Conch- Books, Harxheim, Germany. 644 pp., numerous figures." type="book" year="2017">Lorenz, 2017</bibRefCitation>
. p. 210.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FF0FFD26FE98FD52" author="Lorenz, F." box="[173,338,669,695]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref39543" refString="Lorenz, F. 2018. Cowries. A guide to the gastropod fam- ily Cypraeidae. Volume 2. Shells and Animals. Conch- Books, Harxheim, Germany. 715 pp., 345 pls." type="book" year="2018">Lorenz, 2018</bibRefCitation>
. p. 662, pl. 327, fig. 11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFDFFFA4FF32FD73FA75FE8F" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FF32FD73FD2BFC77" blockId="12.[112,801,711,914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFDFFFA4FF32FD73FD2BFC77" collectionCode="LACMIP, CSUN" county="Thurston County" location="Locality" municipality="Type" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="LACMIP 16655.23" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF32FD73FDE5FD04" bold="true" box="[144,559,711,738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFDFFFA4FF32FD73FEC7FD07" box="[144,269,712,738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and Type Locality—
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFDFFFA4FD8DFD73FCD0FD07" box="[559,794,711,738]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP 16655.23</specimenCode>
,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FFD2FD50FF1EFCE0" box="[112,212,747,773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="FA6DF220FFDFFFA4FF78FD50FED2FCE0" box="[218,280,747,773]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Type</collectingMunicipality>
12375 (
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFDFFFA4FEDEFD50FE33FCE0" box="[380,505,747,773]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[123,1510,192,1968]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4 (previous page). A–C. Nucleolaria cowlitzensis Groves, 1994, Cowlitz Formation (middle Eocene, upper “Tejon Stage”), Vader area, south-central Lewis County, Washington. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and left (columellar) side (C) views, 1.9x, length 27.2 mm, width 17.3 mm, height 11.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 39837, UCMP Locality D-8040. D–H. Propustularia kemperae (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation, (Paleocene, Selandian Stage), north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and right (labral) side (F), and views, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of holotype CASG 391.01 [ex CASG 987], Locality CASG 391. Dorsal (G) view, 2.6x, length 18.2 mm, width 14.9, height 11.2 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 22307.6, LACMIP Type 14918 (LACMIP Locality 22307). Basal (H) view, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of paratype UCMP 30541, UCMP Locality 3764. I–N. Subepona goedertorum (Groves and Squires, 1995), Crescent Forma- tion (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Black Hills, Thurston County, Washington. Basal (I), dorsal (J), left (columellar) lateral (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 2.8x, length 19.4 mm, width 12.3, height 10.8 mm, of holotype LACMIP 16655.23, LACMIP Type 12375, LACMIP Locality 16655 [=LACMIP Locality 41563; ex CSUN Locality 1563]. M–N, Juncal Formation, Canton Canyon, Whitaker Peak area, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (M) and dorsal (N) views, both 2.4x, length 19.4 mm, width 13.9, height 9.4 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40807.1, LACMIP Type 14935 (LACMIP Locality 40807 [= LACMIP Locality 16191, ex CSUN Locality 807]). O–Q, Subepona leahae n. sp., Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (O), dorsal (P), and left (labral) side (Q) views, 1.6x, length 29.5 mm, width 13.9, height 15.1 mm, of holotype LACMIP 40374.79, LACMIP Type 14936, (LACMIP Locality 40374)." pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figs. 4I–L</figureCitation>
), length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FDFDFD50FD07FCE0" box="[607,717,747,773]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FFD2FCB5FF17FCCC" box="[112,221,782,809]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="12.3">12.3 mm</quantity>
, and height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FECEFCB5FE10FCCC" box="[364,474,782,809]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
.
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FE40FCB5FD8FFCCD" box="[482,581,782,808]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<location id="1F693E81FFDFFFA4FDE8FCB5FD66FCCD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFDFFFA4FE93FF78FADCF874:1F693E81FFDFFFA4FDE8FCB5FD66FCCD" box="[586,684,782,808]" county="Thurston County" municipality="Type" name="Locality" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Washington">Locality</location>
16655 [=
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FFD2FC8AFF1EFCAE" box="[112,212,817,843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 41563;
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FE07FC8BFE75FCA9" box="[421,447,816,844]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FE64FC8AFDC6FCAE" box="[454,524,817,843]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 1563], upper part of
<location id="1F693E81FFDFFFA4FF68FCEEFE08FC8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFDFFFA4FE93FF78FADCF874:1F693E81FFDFFFA4FF68FCEEFE08FC8B" box="[202,450,852,879]" county="Thurston County" municipality="Type" name="Crescent Formation" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Washington">Crescent Formation</location>
,
<location id="1F693E81FFDFFFA4FE6EFCEFFD1AFC8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFDFFFA4FE93FF78FADCF874:1F693E81FFDFFFA4FE6EFCEFFD1AFC8A" box="[460,720,852,879]" county="Thurston County" municipality="Type" name="Larch Mountain area" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Washington">Larch Mountain area</location>
,
<location id="1F693E81FFDFFFA4FD79FCEFFF60FC77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFDFFFA4FE93FF78FADCF874:1F693E81FFDFFFA4FD79FCEFFF60FC77" county="Thurston County" municipality="Type" name="Black Hills" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Washington">Black Hills</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFDFFFA4FF17FCC3FE43FC77" box="[181,393,888,914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Thurston County</collectingCounty>
, southwestern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FDE4FCC3FD14FC77" box="[582,734,888,914]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Washington</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FF32FC18FE72FBE6" blockId="12.[112,800,931,1028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFDFFFA4FF32FC18FDC1FC5B" box="[144,523,931,958]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="LACMIP 16655.24" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF32FC18FEC3FC58" bold="true" box="[144,265,931,957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFDFFFA4FF32FC18FEC3FC58" box="[144,265,931,957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
—
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFDFFFA4FE86FC18FDC1FC5B" box="[292,523,931,958]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP 16655.24</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFDFFFA4FDB5FC18FE7FFBE6" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FDB5FC18FDB1FC58" box="[535,635,931,957]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Type 12376, length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FF68FC7DFEF5FC04" box="[202,319,966,993]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="17.1">17.1 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FE03FC7DFDDCFC04" box="[417,534,966,993]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="10.4">10.4 mm</quantity>
, and height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FD1AFC7DFCD6FC04" box="[696,796,966,993]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
. Locality same as
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFDFFFA4FEE6FC52FE7FFBE6" box="[324,437,1001,1027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FF32FBAFFF27FA1D" blockId="12.[112,800,1044,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF32FBAFFDF5FBCB" bold="true" box="[144,575,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Referred Specimens—Hypotype</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFDFFFA4FDE5FBAEFCD6FBCA" box="[583,796,1045,1071]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="LACMIP 40807.1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFDFFFA4FDE5FBAEFCD6FBCA" box="[583,796,1045,1071]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP 40807.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFDFFFA4FFD2FB83FE3AFB90" collectionCode="LACMIP" location="Figs." pageId="12" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FFD2FB83FF1CFBB7" box="[112,214,1080,1106]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFDFFFA4FF43FB83FEEAFBB7" box="[225,288,1080,1106]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
14935, (
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFDFFFA4FE3AFB83FDFBFBB7" box="[408,561,1080,1106]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[123,1510,192,1968]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4 (previous page). A–C. Nucleolaria cowlitzensis Groves, 1994, Cowlitz Formation (middle Eocene, upper “Tejon Stage”), Vader area, south-central Lewis County, Washington. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and left (columellar) side (C) views, 1.9x, length 27.2 mm, width 17.3 mm, height 11.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 39837, UCMP Locality D-8040. D–H. Propustularia kemperae (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation, (Paleocene, Selandian Stage), north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and right (labral) side (F), and views, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of holotype CASG 391.01 [ex CASG 987], Locality CASG 391. Dorsal (G) view, 2.6x, length 18.2 mm, width 14.9, height 11.2 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 22307.6, LACMIP Type 14918 (LACMIP Locality 22307). Basal (H) view, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of paratype UCMP 30541, UCMP Locality 3764. I–N. Subepona goedertorum (Groves and Squires, 1995), Crescent Forma- tion (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Black Hills, Thurston County, Washington. Basal (I), dorsal (J), left (columellar) lateral (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 2.8x, length 19.4 mm, width 12.3, height 10.8 mm, of holotype LACMIP 16655.23, LACMIP Type 12375, LACMIP Locality 16655 [=LACMIP Locality 41563; ex CSUN Locality 1563]. M–N, Juncal Formation, Canton Canyon, Whitaker Peak area, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (M) and dorsal (N) views, both 2.4x, length 19.4 mm, width 13.9, height 9.4 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40807.1, LACMIP Type 14935 (LACMIP Locality 40807 [= LACMIP Locality 16191, ex CSUN Locality 807]). O–Q, Subepona leahae n. sp., Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (O), dorsal (P), and left (labral) side (Q) views, 1.6x, length 29.5 mm, width 13.9, height 15.1 mm, of holotype LACMIP 40374.79, LACMIP Type 14936, (LACMIP Locality 40374)." pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<location id="1F693E81FFDFFFA4FE3AFB83FE1FFBB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFDFFFA4FE93FF78FADCF874:1F693E81FFDFFFA4FE3AFB83FE1FFBB7" box="[408,469,1080,1106]" name="Figs." pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figs.</location>
4M, N
</figureCitation>
), length 19.0 mm, width 13.8, and height
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FE2DFBE0FE3AFB90" box="[399,496,1115,1141]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
.
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FE58FBE0FD94FB90" box="[506,606,1115,1141]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFDFFFA4FDC7FBE0FF27FA1D" collectionCode="LACMIP, CSUN" county="Los Angeles County" location="Locality" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="LACMIP 41599.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="1F693E81FFDFFFA4FDC7FBE0FD02FB90" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFDFFFA4FE93FF78FADCF874:1F693E81FFDFFFA4FDC7FBE0FD02FB90" box="[613,712,1115,1141]" county="Los Angeles County" name="Locality" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="California">Locality</location>
16191 [=
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FF30FBC5FF3CFB7D" box="[146,246,1150,1176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 40807;
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FE6BFBC6FE29FB7C" box="[457,483,1149,1177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FE49FBC5FDFBFB7D" box="[491,561,1150,1176]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 807), Jun- cal Formation, Canton Canyon, Whitaker Peak area,
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFDFFFA4FD56FB19FEFAFB3A" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Los Angeles County</collectingCounty>
, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FE0DFB7FFDE6FB3B" box="[431,556,1220,1246]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">California</collectingRegion>
. A poorly preserved specimen from
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FE88FB53FE47FAE7" box="[298,397,1256,1282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 16848 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FDF4FB5DFDBAFAE7" box="[598,624,1254,1282]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FDD7FB53FD70FAE7" box="[629,698,1256,1282]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 1564], from the Rock Candy Mountain area, Thurston County,
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FF73FA95FEADFAAD" box="[209,359,1326,1352]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Washington</collectingRegion>
, also exhibits original shell material. Two additional poorly preserved specimens,
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFDFFFA4FD19FAEAFF13FA6A" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP 41599.1</specimenCode>
, from the Crescent Formation,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FDC5FACEFD01FA6A" box="[615,715,1397,1423]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Local- ity 41599 (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF5EFA2DFEDDFA57" box="[252,279,1430,1458]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FEBFFA23FEA9FA57" box="[285,355,1432,1458]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 1599), Middle Fork Satsop River, Dry Lakes quadrangle, Mason County,
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FD29FA00FCEAFA30" box="[651,800,1467,1493]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Washington</collectingRegion>
are noted.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FF32F9B2FA75FE8F" blockId="12.[112,801,1545,1924]" lastBlockId="12.[832,1520,195,476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF32F9B2FE8FF9C6" bold="true" box="[144,325,1545,1571]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Occurrence—</emphasis>
Lower to late early Eocene,
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FD2FF9B2FCEBF9C6" box="[653,801,1545,1571]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Washington</collectingRegion>
to southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FEB3F997FE5AF9A3" box="[273,400,1580,1606]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">California</collectingRegion>
.
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FE3DF997FD9AF9A3" bold="true" box="[415,592,1580,1606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">“Capay Stage</emphasis>
”: Upper part of Crescent Formation, Larch Mountain area, Black Hills, Thurston County, southwestern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FDBAF9C8FD78F968" box="[536,690,1651,1677]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Washington</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FD6AF9C8FE87F954" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref38438" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 1995. First report of the ge- nus Proadusta Sacco, 1894 (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from the Western Hemisphere, with a description of a new species from the Eocene of Washington. The Nautilus 109 (4): 113 - 116, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995">Groves and Squires 1995</bibRefCitation>
) at
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FEDDF92DFE29F955" box="[383,483,1686,1712]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 16848 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FD1AF92EFD18F954" box="[696,722,1685,1713]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FD78F92DFCEAF955" box="[730,800,1686,1712]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 1564], Thurston County, in the general vicin- ity of the
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFDFFFA4FF56F966FEE7F912" box="[244,301,1757,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality (for more details, see
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FD6AF966FE9CF8FF" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref38438" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 1995. First report of the ge- nus Proadusta Sacco, 1894 (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from the Western Hemisphere, with a description of a new species from the Eocene of Washington. The Nautilus 109 (4): 113 - 116, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995">Groves and Squires 1995</bibRefCitation>
: p. 116). Juncal Formation, Canton Canyon, Whitaker Peak area, Ventura County, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FFD2F8FDFF20F885" box="[112,234,1862,1888]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">California</collectingRegion>
at
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FEAEF8FDFEBAF885" box="[268,368,1862,1888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">LACMIP</collectionCode>
Locality 40807 [=
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Locality 16191;
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FF70F8D3FF26F861" box="[210,236,1896,1924]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFDFFFA4FF54F8D2FEF6F866" box="[246,316,1897,1923]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 807] (new information). The Juncal Formation specimen, which is from the middle lower Eocene (“Capay Stage” = “
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FB1CFF5EFA2FFEE4" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1941" box="[1214,1509,229,257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turritellidae" genus="Turritella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="uvasana" subSpecies="infera">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FB1CFF5EFA2FFEE4" box="[1214,1509,229,257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Turritella uvasana infera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” fauna) in the Juncal Formation, was originally believed by
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FCC6FE97FBDEFEA2" author="Squires, R. L." box="[868,1044,300,327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref42659" refString="Squires, R. L. 1987. Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388: 1 - 93, figs. 1 - 135." type="journal article" year="1987">Squires (1987</bibRefCitation>
: p. 35, unfigured) to be a questionable (juvenile) specimen of
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FBFFFEEBFA73FE8F" authority="Ingram, 1940" authorityName="Ingram" authorityYear="1940" box="[1117,1465,334,364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Gisortia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clarki">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FBFFFEEBFAC0FE8F" box="[1117,1290,334,364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Gisortia clarki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FAB3FEEBFA73FE8F" author="Ingram, W. M." box="[1297,1465,336,362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="376 - 377" refId="ref39018" refString="Ingram, W. M. 1940. A new Gisortia. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 39 (9): 376 - 377, fig. 1." type="journal article" year="1940">Ingram, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFDFFFA4FCC2FEC0FB81FE39" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FCC2FEC0FB81FE39" blockId="12.[832,1520,195,476]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FCC2FEC0FBC1FE70" bold="true" box="[864,1035,379,405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Etymology—</emphasis>
Originally named for colleagues James L. (Jim) and the late Gail H. Goedert [1940-2017] (Gig Harbor,
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFDFFFA4FC06FE7AFBF5FE39" box="[932,1087,449,476]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Washington</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFDFFFA4FCC2FE57FB6FFAEB" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FCC2FE57FB6FFAEB" blockId="12.[832,1521,492,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FCC2FE57FBE8FDE3" bold="true" box="[864,1058,492,518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Description—</emphasis>
Shell small to medium in size (ho- lotype largest known specimen). Shell ovate, slightly elongate, smooth, dorsum medium to highly arched, maximum height near midpoint. Rostrate (can be beak- like) extremities present on both sides of exhalant canal, with labrial extremity large and more curved relative to much shorter and much straighter columellar extrem- ity. Slight depression (shallow pit) can be present above submerged spire on more mature specimen. Marginal border on shell sides very weak but noticeable near ends of shell. Basal surface of shell wide and slightly convex to flattened (on less mature specimen). Aperture gener- ally narrow and straight throughout most of its length but posteriorly labral side noticeably curved slightly toward columella. Mature specimen labial lip (outer lip) with 26 strong teeth. Mature specimen columellar lip with 17 slightly weaker teeth. Terminal fold (on each lip) long, thin, extended, and bladelike. Siphonal canal long, wide, deep and clearly distinct from curve of shell margin. Basal marginal callus (border) on both sides of shell but strongest on left side; callus produced at both extremities, especially on anterior extremity. (
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FACBFB6BFC21FAEB" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref38438" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 1995. First report of the ge- nus Proadusta Sacco, 1894 (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from the Western Hemisphere, with a description of a new species from the Eocene of Washington. The Nautilus 109 (4): 113 - 116, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995">Groves and Squires, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: pp. 114, 115).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFDFFFA4FCC2FAA5FADCF874" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FCC2FAA5FB83F93D" blockId="12.[832,1521,492,1752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FCC2FAA5FC3CFADD" bold="true" box="[864,1014,1310,1336]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Remarks—</emphasis>
This species is rare. The six known speci- mens of
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FC0FFAFAFB07FAB8" authorityName="WA, So CA" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Squires" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[941,1229,1345,1373]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FC0FFAFAFB07FAB8" box="[941,1229,1345,1373]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Subepona goedertorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
range range in preser- vation from poor to excellent. It is characterized by its smooth shell, unequal-strength rostrate posterior ter- minae, inflated dorsum, presence of a slight depression in the submerged-spire area, strong but short dentition on both lips, and prominent terminal folds (one on each anterior end of shell).
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FBCAF9AAFA45F9C8" box="[1128,1423,1553,1581]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eratoidae" genus="Subpeona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FBCAF9AAFA45F9C8" box="[1128,1423,1553,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Subpeona goedertorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FC66F988FA51F9A8" authority="Dolin and Lozouet (2004" authorityName="Dolin and Lozouet" authorityYear="2004" box="[964,1435,1585,1615]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="herrerensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FC66F988FBAFF9A8" box="[964,1125,1585,1615]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">S. herrerensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FBC8F988FA51F9A8" author="Dolin, L. &amp; P. Lozouet" box="[1130,1435,1587,1613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref36614" refString="Dolin, L. and P. Lozouet. 2004. Nouvelles especes de gasteropodes (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de l'Oligocene et du Miocene inferieur de l'Aquitaine (Sud-Ouest de la France). Partie 3. Cypraeidae et Ovulidae. Cossmanniana, hors serie, 4: 1 - 164, figs. 1 - 27, pls. 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2004">Dolin and Lozouet (2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: pl. 27, figs. 3a–3c), the type species of
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FB73F9EDFA83F997" authorityName="Dolin and Lozouet" authorityYear="2004" box="[1233,1353,1622,1650]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FB73F9EDFA83F997" box="[1233,1353,1622,1650]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Subepona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFDFFFA4FA37F9EDFA26F995" box="[1429,1516,1622,1648]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
. The
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFDFFFA4FCD5F9C3FC38F977" box="[887,1010,1656,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
are near each other in size: the
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFDFFFA4FA23F9C3FA3AF977" box="[1409,1520,1656,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FCC2F920FBD6F952" box="[864,1052,1691,1719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eratoidae" genus="Subpeona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FCC2F920FBD6F952" box="[864,1052,1691,1719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">S. goedertorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FBE2F920FB7AF950" box="[1088,1200,1691,1717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 mm</quantity>
length; the
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFDFFFA4FAE4F920FA7FF950" box="[1350,1461,1691,1717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FA7EF920FC03F93D" authorityName="Dolin and Lozouet" authorityYear="2004" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="herrerensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FA7EF920FC03F93D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">S. herrerensis</emphasis>
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is
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFDFFFA4FC49F905FB8FF93D" box="[1003,1093,1726,1752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFDFFFA4FCC2F953FADCF874" blockId="12.[832,1520,1768,1937]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FCC2F953FBD0F8E7" author="Pacaud, J-M." box="[864,1050,1768,1794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref40499" refString="Pacaud, J-M. 2018 a. Presence a l'Eocene moyen du ba- sin de Paris de Subepona brackleshamensis (Schilder, 1929) (Mollusca: Cypraeoidea), espece decrite de l'Eocene d'Angleterre. Folia Conchyliologica 46: 5 - 12, figs. 1 - 2, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="2018">Pacaud (2018a</bibRefCitation>
: table 2) listed
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFDFFFA4FB76F952FB4CF8C0" authority="(Groves and Squires, 1995)" authorityName="WA, So CA" baseAuthorityName="Groves and Squires" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Gastropoda" family="Cypraeidae" genus="Subepona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="goedertorum">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFDFFFA4FB76F952FA3AF8E0" box="[1236,1520,1769,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Subepona goedertorum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFDFFFA4FCE9F8B0FBB1F8C3" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" box="[843,1147,1803,1830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref38438" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 1995. First report of the ge- nus Proadusta Sacco, 1894 (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from the Western Hemisphere, with a description of a new species from the Eocene of Washington. The Nautilus 109 (4): 113 - 116, figs. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995">Groves and Squires, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as occurring in
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFDFFFA4FAE2F8B0FA5EF8C0" box="[1344,1428,1803,1829]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
, as well as the
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFDFFFA4FC30F896FBF0F8AD" box="[914,1082,1837,1864]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">United States</collectingCountry>
, and no geologic nor paleontologic details were provided. The “occurrence” of this species in
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFDFFFA4FCFDF8CCFC7EF874" box="[863,948,1911,1937]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
is likely a typographic error.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

267
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFC49FF78FA8FFF38" blockId="34.[926,1428,195,291]" box="[1003,1349,195,221]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="4141DF36FFF1FF8AFC49FF78FA8FFF38" allCaps="true" box="[1003,1349,195,221]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFC49FF78FA8FFF38" box="[1003,1349,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">LUPONOVULA MANIOBRAENSIS</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFBF6FEB2FB16FEC6" blockId="34.[926,1428,195,291]" box="[1108,1244,265,291]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFF1FF8AFBF6FEB2FB16FEC6" box="[1108,1244,265,291]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="31.[112,199,200,226]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[141,1485,192,1920]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9A–B. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Dorsal (A) and left (columellar) (B) views, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206]. C–L. Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869), Muir Sandstone (Eocene, “Domengine Stage” to “Tejon Stage”), near Martinez, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (C), dorsal (D), right (labral) views, 1x, length 10.7 mm, width 7.5 mm, height 4.7 mm, of holotype ANSP 4217. F–G. Basal (F) [as published] and dorsal (G) views, 2.9x, length 17.9 mm, width 11.6 mm, of holotype CASG 245.02 [ex CAS 816] of Cypraea kerniana Anderson and Hanna, 1925, Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”) Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, southern California. H–J. Basal (H), dorsal (I), left (columellar), (J) left (columellar) views, 2.7x, length 14.6 mm, width 10.8 mm, height 7.8 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 7155.9, LACMIP type 14930, Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, LACMIP Locality 7155, Kern County, southern California. K-L. Basal (K), dorsal (L) views, 3.9x, length 14 mm, width 10.3 mm, of hypotype UCMP 30903, UCMP Locality 5085, Ardath Shale (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), San Diego County, southern California. M–P. Luponovula maniobraensis (Squires and Advocate, 1986), (M–O). Maniobra Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Orocopia Mountains, Riverside County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and right (labral) (O) views, 1.3x, length 39.6 mm, width 22.8 mm, height 21.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 10566.4, LACMIP Type 10566 [ex UCLA 48431], LACMIP Locality 23779. (P). Basal view, Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, 2.1x, length 26.6 mm, width 15.8 mm, height 10.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40491.1, LACMIP Type 14945 (LACMIP Locality 40491 [ex CSUN Locality 491])." pageId="34" pageNumber="33">FIGS. 9M–P</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFF1FF8AFCC2FEEBFB5BFD42" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFCC2FEEBFB9AFE55" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF1FF8AFCC2FEEBFC4BFE68" ID-CoL="C5KVV" authority="Squires and Advocate, 1986" authorityName="Squires and Advocate" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maniobraensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2FEEBFC2DFE89" box="[864,999,336,364]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Eocypraea</emphasis>
?
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFBA2FEF5FB77FE8F" box="[1024,1213,334,362]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">maniobraensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFB6AFEEBFC4BFE68" author="Squires, R. L. &amp; D. M. Advocate" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="851 - 864" refId="ref43291" refString="Squires, R. L. and D. M. Advocate 1986. New early Eocene mollusks from the Orocopia Mountains, southern California. Journal of Paleontology 60 (4): 851 - 864, figs, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1986">Squires and Advocate, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. pp. 856, 857, figs. 2.5, 2.6.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFB42FEC8FA47FE68" author="Squires, R. L." box="[1248,1421,371,397]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="217 - 226" refId="ref42749" refString="Squires, R. L. 1991. Molluscan paleontology of the lower Eocene Maniobra Formation, Orocopia Mountains, southern California. In P. L. Abbott and J. A. May (eds.). Eocene Geologic History San Diego Region. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. 68: 217 - 226, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1991">Squires, 1991</bibRefCitation>
. p. 219, 220, 225; pl. 1, fig. 23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFCC2FE01FA3AFDD8" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF1FF8AFCC2FE01FBAEFE12" ID-CoL="C5KVV" authority="Squires and Advocate. Groves, 1992" authorityName="Squires and Advocate. Groves" authorityYear="1992" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maniobraensis" subGenus="Eocypraea">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2FE01FC2EFE33" box="[864,996,442,470]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Eocypraea</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFC58FE01FBB4FE33" box="[1018,1150,442,470]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Eocypraea</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFB36FE03FA86FE31" box="[1172,1356,440,468]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">maniobraensis</emphasis>
Squires and Advocate.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFC62FE66FBAEFE12" author="Groves, L. T." box="[960,1124,477,503]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="101 - 107" refId="ref37814" refString="Groves, L. T. 1992. California cowries (Cypraeacea): Past and present, with notes on recent tropical eastern Pacific species. The Festivus 24 (9): 101 - 107, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1992">Groves, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. p. 106 [not 1987 as in table 1].
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFCE2FDBBFC28FDFF" author="Groves, L. T." box="[832,994,512,538]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="11 - 14" refId="ref37858" refString="Groves, L. T. 1993. Fossil and recent species of eastern Pacific Cypraeacea (Pediculariidae, Cypraeidae, and Ovulidae). The Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report 25: 11 - 14." type="book chapter" year="1993">Groves, 1993</bibRefCitation>
. p. 11 [not 1983 as in text].
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFA8FFDBBFA05FDFF" author="Groves, L. T." box="[1325,1487,512,538]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="7 - 10" refId="ref38049" refString="Groves, L. T. 1997. Fossil and recent species of eastern Pacific Cypraeacea (Cypraeidae and Eocypraeinae [Ovulidae]): An update. The Western Society of Malacology Annual Report 29: 7 - 10." type="book chapter" year="1997">Groves, 1997</bibRefCitation>
. p. 8 [as
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCDDFD9AFC5CFDD8" box="[895,918,545,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF1FF8AFC38FD98FBB5FDD8" ID-CoL="C5KVV" authorityName="Squires and Advocate. Groves" authorityYear="1992" box="[922,1151,545,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maniobraensis" subGenus="Eocypraea">
(
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFC07FD9AFC7CFDD8" box="[933,950,545,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
.)
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFC6EFD9AFBB5FDD8" box="[972,1151,545,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">maniobraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. Groves, 2011. p. 46 (table 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFCC2FDFDFB5BFD42" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF1FF8AFCC2FDFDFC4BFD66" ID-CoL="C5KVV" authority="Squires and Advocate. Fehse, 2001" authorityName="Squires and Advocate. Fehse" authorityYear="2001" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maniobraensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2FDFDFB59FD84" box="[864,1171,581,610]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Eocypraea maniobraensis</emphasis>
Squires and Advocate.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFA01FDFDFC4BFD66" author="Fehse, D." pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref37011" refString="Fehse, D. 2001. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ovuliade (Mollusca: Cypraeoidea). 8. Einleitung zur familie sowie Katalog, Taxonomy und Bibliographie und Bemerkungen zu verwandten Gruppen. Acta Conchyliorum 5: 1 - 51, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2001">Fehse, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. p. 20.
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFC79FDD2FAD1FD66" author="Groves, L. T. &amp; R. L. Squires" box="[987,1307,617,643]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref38553" refString="Groves, L. T. and R. L. Squires. 2021. Checklist of California Paleogene-Neogene marine Mollusca since Keen and Bentson (1944). PaleoBios 38: 1 - 360, figs. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="2021">Groves and Squires, 2021</bibRefCitation>
. p. 231 (as
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF1FF8AFA0FFDD1FC4DFD42" ID-CoL="7P3H3" authorityName="Cossmann" authorityYear="1903" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFA0FFDD1FC4DFD42" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Eocypraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?).
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFC09FD37FB8BFD42" author="Fehse, D." box="[939,1089,652,679]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref37236" refString="Fehse, D. 2021. Zur systemstischen stellung der Eocy- praeidae F. A. Schilder 1924. Part 2. (Mollusca: Gas- tropoda: Cypraeoidea). Privately published online, Berlin, Germany 46 p., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="2021">Fehse, 2021</bibRefCitation>
. p. 42.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFF1FF8AFCC2FD0BFAA9FA6F" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFCC2FD0BFB56FC9F" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFF1FF8AFCC2FD0BFB56FC9F" collectionCode="LACMIP, UCLA, CSUN" county="Riverside County" location="Maniobra Formation" municipality="Locality" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="LACMIP10566.4, UCLA 48431" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2FD0BFB15FD2C" bold="true" box="[864,1247,687,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFF1FF8AFCC2FD0BFC13FD2F" box="[864,985,688,714]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and Type Locality—
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFF1FF8AFB7DFD0BFA66FD2F" box="[1247,1452,687,714]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">LACMIP10566.4</specimenCode>
, LAC- MIP Type 10566 (
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFB80FD6AFBF6FD08" box="[1058,1084,721,749]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">ex</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFF1FF8AFBE1FD68FB29FD08" box="[1091,1251,723,749]" collectionCode="UCLA" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/irpn-5wg7" name="University of California at Los Angeles" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">UCLA 48431</specimenCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFF1FF8AFB5EFD68FA47FD08" box="[1276,1421,723,749]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="31.[112,199,200,226]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[141,1485,192,1920]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9A–B. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Dorsal (A) and left (columellar) (B) views, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206]. C–L. Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869), Muir Sandstone (Eocene, “Domengine Stage” to “Tejon Stage”), near Martinez, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (C), dorsal (D), right (labral) views, 1x, length 10.7 mm, width 7.5 mm, height 4.7 mm, of holotype ANSP 4217. F–G. Basal (F) [as published] and dorsal (G) views, 2.9x, length 17.9 mm, width 11.6 mm, of holotype CASG 245.02 [ex CAS 816] of Cypraea kerniana Anderson and Hanna, 1925, Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”) Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, southern California. H–J. Basal (H), dorsal (I), left (columellar), (J) left (columellar) views, 2.7x, length 14.6 mm, width 10.8 mm, height 7.8 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 7155.9, LACMIP type 14930, Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, LACMIP Locality 7155, Kern County, southern California. K-L. Basal (K), dorsal (L) views, 3.9x, length 14 mm, width 10.3 mm, of hypotype UCMP 30903, UCMP Locality 5085, Ardath Shale (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), San Diego County, southern California. M–P. Luponovula maniobraensis (Squires and Advocate, 1986), (M–O). Maniobra Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Orocopia Mountains, Riverside County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and right (labral) (O) views, 1.3x, length 39.6 mm, width 22.8 mm, height 21.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 10566.4, LACMIP Type 10566 [ex UCLA 48431], LACMIP Locality 23779. (P). Basal view, Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, 2.1x, length 26.6 mm, width 15.8 mm, height 10.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40491.1, LACMIP Type 14945 (LACMIP Locality 40491 [ex CSUN Locality 491])." pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Figs. 9M–O</figureCitation>
), length
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFF1FF8AFCE2FD4DFC7AFCF4" box="[832,944,758,785]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="39.6">39.6 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="DD4EC5BFFFF1FF8AFBAEFD4DFBB6FCF4" box="[1036,1148,758,785]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="22.8">22.8 mm</quantity>
, height 21.1.
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF1FF8AFA83FD4DFA4FFCF5" box="[1313,1413,758,784]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="FA6DF220FFF1FF8AFA2FFD4DFA3AFCF5" box="[1421,1520,758,784]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Locality</collectingMunicipality>
23779 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFC06FCA3FC74FCD1" box="[932,958,792,820]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF1FF8AFC65FCA2FBC7FCD6" box="[967,1037,793,819]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/irpn-5wg7" name="University of California at Los Angeles" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">UCLA</collectionCode>
Locality 3779;
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFB70FCA3FB26FCD1" box="[1234,1260,792,820]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF1FF8AFB57FCA2FAF1FCD6" box="[1269,1339,793,819]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 662],
<location id="1F693E81FFF1FF8AFCE2FC87FB84FCB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFF1FF8BFC49FF78FD0BFE68:1F693E81FFF1FF8AFCE2FC87FB84FCB3" box="[832,1102,828,854]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Locality" name="Maniobra Formation" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="California">Maniobra Formation</location>
,
<location id="1F693E81FFF1FF8AFBFCFC87FAA2FCB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFF1FF8BFC49FF78FD0BFE68:1F693E81FFF1FF8AFBFCFC87FAA2FCB3" box="[1118,1384,828,854]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Locality" name="Orocopia Mountains" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="California">Orocopia Mountains</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFF1FF8AFAD5FC87FC53FC9F" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Riverside County</collectingCounty>
, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF1FF8AFBBEFCDBFB53FC9F" box="[1052,1177,864,890]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">California</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFCC2FC38FA3AFB52" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2FC38FA4BFC79" bold="true" box="[864,1409,898,925]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Referred Specimen—Hypotype (herein)</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFF1FF8AFA29FC38FC62FC25" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="LACMIP 40491.1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="4A10C021FFF1FF8AFA29FC38FC62FC25" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">LACMIP 40491.1</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFF1FF8AFC10FC1DFAD0FC25" box="[946,1306,934,961]" collectionCode="LACMIP" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF1FF8AFC10FC1DFBDCFC25" box="[946,1046,934,960]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFF1FF8AFBB8FC1CFB92FC24" box="[1050,1112,935,961]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
14945 (
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFF1FF8AFB19FC1DFADBFC25" box="[1211,1297,934,960]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="31.[112,199,200,226]" captionTargetId="figure-12@30.[141,1485,192,1920]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 9A–B. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Dorsal (A) and left (columellar) (B) views, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206]. C–L. Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869), Muir Sandstone (Eocene, “Domengine Stage” to “Tejon Stage”), near Martinez, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (C), dorsal (D), right (labral) views, 1x, length 10.7 mm, width 7.5 mm, height 4.7 mm, of holotype ANSP 4217. F–G. Basal (F) [as published] and dorsal (G) views, 2.9x, length 17.9 mm, width 11.6 mm, of holotype CASG 245.02 [ex CAS 816] of Cypraea kerniana Anderson and Hanna, 1925, Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”) Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, southern California. H–J. Basal (H), dorsal (I), left (columellar), (J) left (columellar) views, 2.7x, length 14.6 mm, width 10.8 mm, height 7.8 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 7155.9, LACMIP type 14930, Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, LACMIP Locality 7155, Kern County, southern California. K-L. Basal (K), dorsal (L) views, 3.9x, length 14 mm, width 10.3 mm, of hypotype UCMP 30903, UCMP Locality 5085, Ardath Shale (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), San Diego County, southern California. M–P. Luponovula maniobraensis (Squires and Advocate, 1986), (M–O). Maniobra Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Orocopia Mountains, Riverside County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and right (labral) (O) views, 1.3x, length 39.6 mm, width 22.8 mm, height 21.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 10566.4, LACMIP Type 10566 [ex UCLA 48431], LACMIP Locality 23779. (P). Basal view, Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, 2.1x, length 26.6 mm, width 15.8 mm, height 10.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40491.1, LACMIP Type 14945 (LACMIP Locality 40491 [ex CSUN Locality 491])." pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Fig. 9P</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF1FF8AFA87FC1DFA43FC25" box="[1317,1417,934,960]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">LACMIP</collectionCode>
<materialsCitation id="AADE6207FFF1FF8AFA2FFC1DFA20FB52" collectionCode="CSUN" county="Ventura County" location="Las Llajas Canyon" municipality="Llajas Formation" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
Locality 40491 [
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFC03FC73FC71FC01" box="[929,955,968,996]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">ex</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="7CA7F09FFFF1FF8AFC63FC72FBCDFC06" box="[961,1031,969,995]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sgeh-wrgd" name="California State University, Northridge" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="University or college">CSUN</collectionCode>
Locality 491],
<collectingMunicipality id="FA6DF220FFF1FF8AFB1EFC72FA45FC06" box="[1212,1423,969,995]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Llajas Formation</collectingMunicipality>
, is from a faulted area low in the stratigraphic section of this for- mation (see geologic map in
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFB3FFBABFA8AFBCF" author="Squires, R. L." box="[1181,1344,1040,1066]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref42615" refString="Squires, R. L. 1984. Megapaleontology of the Eocene Lla- jas Formation, Simi Valley, California. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350: 1 - 76, figs. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1984">Squires 1984</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 16) in
<location id="1F693E81FFF1FF8AFA67FBABFC26FBA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFF1FF8BFC49FF78FD0BFE68:1F693E81FFF1FF8AFA67FBABFC26FBA8" county="Ventura County" municipality="Llajas Formation" name="Las Llajas Canyon" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="California">Las Llajas Canyon</location>
, north side of
<location id="1F693E81FFF1FF8AFB38FB88FAE8FBA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFF1FF8BFC49FF78FD0BFE68:1F693E81FFF1FF8AFB38FB88FAE8FBA8" box="[1178,1314,1075,1101]" county="Ventura County" municipality="Llajas Formation" name="Simi Valley" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="California">Simi Valley</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="F36810D6FFF1FF8AFA89FB88FA26FBA8" box="[1323,1516,1075,1101]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Ventura County</collectingCounty>
, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF1FF8AFC1BFBEDFBF9FB95" box="[953,1075,1110,1136]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">California</collectingRegion>
[new information].
<location id="1F693E81FFF1FF8AFA8CFBEDFA7FFB95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:921FD94CFFF1FF8BFC49FF78FD0BFE68:1F693E81FFF1FF8AFA8CFBEDFA7FFB95" box="[1326,1461,1110,1136]" county="Ventura County" municipality="Llajas Formation" name="This Llajas" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="California">This Llajas</location>
For- mation specimen has been crushed but retains enough morphological features to identify it as
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF1FF8AFABCFB20FA20FB52" authorityName="Squires and Advocate. Fehse" authorityYear="2001" box="[1310,1514,1179,1207]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Eocypraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maniobraensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFABCFB20FA20FB52" box="[1310,1514,1179,1207]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">L. maniobraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFCC2FB04FAA9FA6F" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2FB04FBDDFB3C" bold="true" box="[864,1047,1215,1241]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Occurrence—</emphasis>
Lower Eocene (“Capay Stage”), Llajas Formation, southwestern Santa Susana Mountains, Los Angeles County, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF1FF8AFB35FABDFADCFAC5" box="[1175,1302,1286,1312]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">California</collectingRegion>
, Ventura County (new information) to Maniobra Formation, Orocopia Mountains, Riverside County, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF1FF8AFAC8FAF7FA25FA83" box="[1386,1519,1356,1382]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFCE9FACBFB55FA6F" author="Squires, R. L. &amp; D. M. Advocate" box="[843,1183,1392,1418]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="851 - 864" refId="ref43291" refString="Squires, R. L. and D. M. Advocate 1986. New early Eocene mollusks from the Orocopia Mountains, southern California. Journal of Paleontology 60 (4): 851 - 864, figs, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1986">Squires and Advocate 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFB0FFACBFA98FA6F" author="Squires, R. L." box="[1197,1362,1392,1418]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" pagination="217 - 226" refId="ref42749" refString="Squires, R. L. 1991. Molluscan paleontology of the lower Eocene Maniobra Formation, Orocopia Mountains, southern California. In P. L. Abbott and J. A. May (eds.). Eocene Geologic History San Diego Region. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. 68: 217 - 226, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1991">Squires 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFF1FF8AFCC2FA28FA12FA35" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFCC2FA28FA12FA35" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2FA28FBC1FA48" bold="true" box="[864,1035,1427,1453]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Etymology—</emphasis>
Originally named for the Eocene Manio- bra Formation, Riverside County, southern
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF1FF8AFAF5FA0DFA1EFA35" box="[1367,1492,1462,1488]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">California</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFF1FF8AFCC2FA62FA3AF923" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8AFCC2FA62FA3AF923" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2FA62FBD2FA16" bold="true" box="[864,1048,1497,1523]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Description—</emphasis>
Shell size medium; very inflated; ovatepyriform. Shell widest medially. Base inflated. Spire in- volute. Aperture narrow and near right margin of shell; aperture elongate anteriorly and curved posteriorly. Aperture narrow and prominently curved. Outer lip nar- row, with numerous teeth that become stronger toward anterior of aperture. Inner lip with numerous small teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="52AC3BD1FFF1FF8BFCC2F96BFD0BFE68" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1A09685AFFF1FF8BFCC2F96BFD0BFE68" blockId="34.[830,1520,334,1947]" lastBlockId="35.[112,800,193,397]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCC2F96BFC33F90F" bold="true" box="[864,1017,1744,1770]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Remarks—</emphasis>
This is an uncommon species. The an- teriormost part of the
<typeStatus id="C50DD6F8FFF1FF8AFBC0F948FB1BF8E8" box="[1122,1233,1779,1805]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is missing. The dorsal view of this species is shown for the first time in
<figureCitation id="828D74DFFFF1FF8AFA3DF8ADFCA1F8B6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[112,199,195,221]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[123,1510,192,1968]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4 (previous page). A–C. Nucleolaria cowlitzensis Groves, 1994, Cowlitz Formation (middle Eocene, upper “Tejon Stage”), Vader area, south-central Lewis County, Washington. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and left (columellar) side (C) views, 1.9x, length 27.2 mm, width 17.3 mm, height 11.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 39837, UCMP Locality D-8040. D–H. Propustularia kemperae (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation, (Paleocene, Selandian Stage), north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and right (labral) side (F), and views, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of holotype CASG 391.01 [ex CASG 987], Locality CASG 391. Dorsal (G) view, 2.6x, length 18.2 mm, width 14.9, height 11.2 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 22307.6, LACMIP Type 14918 (LACMIP Locality 22307). Basal (H) view, 2.2x, length 21 mm, width 17.3, height 12 mm, of paratype UCMP 30541, UCMP Locality 3764. I–N. Subepona goedertorum (Groves and Squires, 1995), Crescent Forma- tion (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Black Hills, Thurston County, Washington. Basal (I), dorsal (J), left (columellar) lateral (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 2.8x, length 19.4 mm, width 12.3, height 10.8 mm, of holotype LACMIP 16655.23, LACMIP Type 12375, LACMIP Locality 16655 [=LACMIP Locality 41563; ex CSUN Locality 1563]. M–N, Juncal Formation, Canton Canyon, Whitaker Peak area, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (M) and dorsal (N) views, both 2.4x, length 19.4 mm, width 13.9, height 9.4 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40807.1, LACMIP Type 14935 (LACMIP Locality 40807 [= LACMIP Locality 16191, ex CSUN Locality 807]). O–Q, Subepona leahae n. sp., Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (O), dorsal (P), and left (labral) side (Q) views, 1.6x, length 29.5 mm, width 13.9, height 15.1 mm, of holotype LACMIP 40374.79, LACMIP Type 14936, (LACMIP Locality 40374)." pageId="34" pageNumber="33">
Figure
<specimenCount id="0CB0A3D3FFF1FF8AFCE2F882FCA5F8B6" box="[832,879,1849,1875]" count="4" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" type="generic">4M.</specimenCount>
</figureCitation>
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF1FF8AFCD5F883FB08F8B1" baseAuthorityName="Squires and Advocate" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[887,1218,1848,1876]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Luponovula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maniobraensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCD5F883FB08F8B1" box="[887,1218,1848,1876]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">Luponovula maniobraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF1FF8AFCE2F8E0FC05F89C" box="[832,975,1883,1913]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Luponovula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oligovata">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF1FF8AFCE2F8E0FC05F89C" box="[832,975,1883,1913]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="33">L. oligovata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFC40F8E6FBBAF892" author="Sacco, F." box="[994,1136,1885,1911]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" refId="ref41565" refString="Sacco, F. 1894. I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Partie 15: (Cypraeidae, ed Amphiperasidae). Torino, Carlo Clausen, 74 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1894">Sacco 1894</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 3, fig. 25;
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF1FF8AFABDF8E6FA22F892" author="Cossmann, A. E. M." box="[1311,1512,1885,1911]" pageId="34" pageNumber="33" refId="ref35846" refString="Cossmann, A. E. M. 1903. Essais de paleoconchologie comparee. Vol. 5. Privately published. Paris. 215 pp., 16 figs., 9 pls." type="book" year="1903">Cossmann 1903</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 7, fig. 2) of late early Oligocene age (Latorfian) from the
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF0FF8BFF3FFF78FF3CFF38" box="[157,246,195,221]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Liguria</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF0FF8BFE8CFF78FE6DFF38" box="[302,423,195,221]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Piedmont</collectingRegion>
regions of
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFF0FF8BFD89FF78FDA9FF38" box="[555,611,195,221]" name="Italy" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Italy</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF0FF8BFD38FF7AFCEAFF38" baseAuthorityName="de Gregorio" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[666,800,193,221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Luponovula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="normalis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF0FF8BFD38FF7AFCEAFF38" box="[666,800,193,221]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">L. normalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E2715ABFFF0FF8BFFDBFF5DFE90FEE5" author="De Gregorio, A." box="[121,346,230,256]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref36098" refString="De Gregorio, A. 1880. Fauna di S. Giovanni Ilarione (Pa- risiano). Parte 1: Cefalopodi e Gasteropodi. Palermo. XXVIII + 1 - 106, pls. 1 - 9." type="book chapter" year="1880">de Gregorio 1880</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 6, fig. 14) of middle Eocene age (Lutetian) from San Giovanni Illarione,
<collectingRegion id="D872A6B8FFF0FF8BFDFDFEB1FD7DFEC1" box="[607,695,266,292]" country="Italy" name="Veneto" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Veneto</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="62A128CAFFF0FF8BFD61FEB2FD31FEC6" box="[707,763,265,291]" name="Italy" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Italy</collectingCountry>
. In comparison,
<taxonomicName id="DDB613D9FFF0FF8BFEAFFE90FD9BFEA2" baseAuthorityName="Squires and Advocate" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[269,593,299,327]" class="Gastropoda" family="Eocypraeidae" genus="Luponovula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="maniobraensis">
<emphasis id="28C2B448FFF0FF8BFEAFFE90FD9BFEA2" box="[269,593,299,327]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Luponovula maniobraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by having fewer teeth on its columellar lip, as well as having fewer and shorter teeth on the interior of its outer lip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>