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<document id="4E64854CAB86D7BAED9F7A693985803E" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.669.3.4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14518958" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734548318188" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gateta, Thanawan, Suwannarach, Nakarin, Kumla, Jaturong, Nuangmek, Wipornpan, Seemakram, Wasan, Srisapoomi, Totsaporn &amp; Boonlue, Sophon" docDate="2024" docId="3E111D5FFFAF1726ABDD56B59EE0DC14" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.669.3.233-246.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 669 (3)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.669.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Trichoderma thailandense Suwannar., T. Gateta, S. Boonlue &amp; J. Kumla 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="C2286527FFAA172EAB5552219F0FDD14" masterDocTitle="Trichoderma thailandense sp. nov. (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae), a new species from Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="246" masterPageNumber="233" pageNumber="238" updateTime="1734554423544" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="B3A451CE34AFBEB8EF9D8CEBB7032C26" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D4C129917EBE56E2BC0E136345340EA7">
<mods:title id="653C82EEBAF27910BE899CB557311905">Trichoderma thailandense sp. nov. (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae), a new species from Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A93210B6B14513F89B6345CB1B36F19A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B89062FD73451BF7896FE0F3221C3A02">
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<mods:namePart id="11FC0486C62B6A653BB9153FADDFD36B">Gateta, Thanawan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="51F1276A5A95A2741026F4471C184BE0" type="ORCID">0009-0007-6125-4281</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6861EA3CCDC230EAF2A141393F5CA41F">Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="26440561C99527A9955BC97CDA70FAE2" type="email">thanawan.gateta@kkumail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="72C95C5CC4BF8A3A70095663310F741C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D81B31D37110A08C2B8E48F7EBBB991D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A44EA9971F988CB0B97EECEFF9154AA4">Suwannarach, Nakarin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E9CB6212BB25C8D21AE948B2B2061E48" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2653-1913</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0878774661F035722FA16582BB8746F2">Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand &amp; Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B295F493E2D714BF8A8FFE91BFF37BFA" type="email">suwan_461@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="650F7DCE38FB84F3994BF5E01594293D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6237231A02F6B8A69F93F4817F3D0C9B">
<mods:roleTerm id="B9FE8FC201179F66530FE14A08877EEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5F31C3A1D47FE22A5BD18C04D1A0AB8E">Kumla, Jaturong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="05652DDAEF0E30893E87C69778CF6729" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3673-6541</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="87874EFEE26CDCC13D5828CDB1FD2B34">Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand &amp; Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E33CFFCF02A6ADEF8CC4E6A586FDF95D" type="email">jaturong_yai@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="698B193E9F33A10FD21F744CAD658F00" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A17D816CEB490AA441792E40591B5E1F">
<mods:roleTerm id="7DA890AC0CE22C14D8F6DF2DF50736A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F1D258DAAFD6D92527FCC87F357167D0">Nuangmek, Wipornpan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AA2D9894E8E33B28C8BEC5D00A076744" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3398-6326</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A1C60B142A9518AA32F83E930FA5B7C5">Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9A2A54BB8C5D49D5D6E9DCB34432DFDC" type="email">wipornpannuangmek@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0279039AAA4D2AC47FEF6A08E94DBCFC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B03FFA7FF244EE7DD638C9CDB4996593">
<mods:roleTerm id="E8DF244F4985AE51777DBE80A6D31971">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9E797CBB9404F2D886BF0FDF2510753D">Seemakram, Wasan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F775294CCE03CC3C35FAFDB39CA3B00" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1211-5457</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="EC3827530DD4C543302FB0BD359486E8">Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E290B69019A146B9133A39D941A534DD" type="email">seemakram.w@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F3097F7CBBAC1FE89F632B83D88E907D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8010A1AC95578CEFE92DCE2983CB269F">
<mods:roleTerm id="1B94FDAEBFDC02B3E031BBC4AF01B476">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F3B75149FFA3F283E7252DF8DC1ABDE3">Srisapoomi, Totsaporn</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6388765824525D224C7AFEAD059749A9" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7659-9468</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B8F702A6972DA58655EDF3E486C29F7C">Faculty of Agriculture Innovation and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7584463B077104E4C98A63187396A925" type="email">totsaporn.sr@rmuti.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CB3C0CF89AB8DAEEDF0FD371E48EC53B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DC13977F05A2D64F4CAC09955CB56F21">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="189E547D50761BA70012F96BD6D91C08">Boonlue, Sophon</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="13FFBB2C34C559F090B604B22E22F82B" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2411-6863</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A7699D3D2479983CA0F8CF85B4B4428E">Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3362B512F0F75DB4736585237E67121D" type="email">bsopho@kku.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="3992D49F8E9FD45DF0074C58B645AFDE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="53817E646337636191D64EC6C0B23180">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="92DB463401713AD5D6D4C1C83B672784">
<mods:date id="63620E09037E1AC39B30D0ACE62F6643">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="36B1BB07161C89C8A885BF717C994B40" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="610B7D6D67F321D5F4CDBD65BFEDDCD0">2024-10-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="956FA40A21488F260CEF726257055F76" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3B30D99111D702FD36B8FB9B561ECE6C">669</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="31806071320B11D6668A6B165DD87EA9">233</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="55F3A180129D7D26C1DAEEC3EAA43E0E">https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.669.3.4</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="8D4A6934126E5D5DD7099DDF27003E0F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="000EF81C54669120B779C79AA77232C1" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.669.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EAECF650B2BADF41B5B2769DDC060F2A" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CA82FAE98408670A7F0C2D359A72A8FF" type="Zenodo-Dep">14518958</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3E111D5FFFAF1726ABDD56B59EE0DC14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14518962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14518962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E111D5FFFAF1726ABDD56B59EE0DC14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E111D5FFFAF1726ABDD56B59EE0DC14" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<subSubSection id="FEA2FFC2FFAF172BABDD56B59EB3D9C6" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAF172BABDD56B59B82D9BA" blockId="5.[136,1165,1172,1199]" box="[136,1165,1172,1199]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<heading id="ED4F1B25FFAF172BABDD56B59B82D9BA" box="[136,1165,1172,1199]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAF172BABDD56B59CB0D9BA" authority="Suwannar., T. Gateta, S. Boonlue &amp; J. Kumla" authorityName="Suwannar., T. Gateta, S. Boonlue &amp; J. Kumla" authorityYear="2024" box="[136,959,1172,1199]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thailandense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BABDD56B59EB6D9BB" bold="true" box="[136,441,1172,1199]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Trichoderma thailandense</emphasis>
Suwannar., T. Gateta, S. Boonlue &amp; J. Kumla
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BA89F56B59B2FD9BA" bold="true" box="[970,1056,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9FFFCD20FFAF172BA89F56B59B2FD9BA" box="[970,1056,1172,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="2E83B0CCFFAF172BAF7D56B59B86D9BA" box="[1064,1161,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1586,1608]" captionTargetBox="[166,1417,194,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[164,1423,187,1558]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Trichoderma thailandense (SDBR-CMU496, Ex-type). Colony inoculated at 25 °C for 72 h A. PDA; B. CMD; C. SNA; D. MEA; E, F. conidiation pustules on SNA after 72 h; G–I. conidiophores, phialide and conidia; J, K. chlamydospores and L, M. conidia. Scale bars:A–D = 10 mm, G–M = 10 μm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14518964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14518964/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Figure 2</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAF172BABDD569D9EB3D9C6" blockId="5.[136,1451,1212,1414]" box="[136,444,1212,1234]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">MycoBank number: MB854462</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FEA2FFC2FFAF1726ABDD56C19EE0DC14" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAF172BABDD56C19B80D9E2" blockId="5.[136,1451,1212,1414]" box="[136,1167,1248,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
Etymology:—
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAF172BAA4356C19E9BD9E1" authorityName="Suwannar., T. Gateta, S. Boonlue &amp; J. Kumla" authorityYear="2024" box="[278,404,1248,1270]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thailandense">
‘
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BAA4C56C19E9BD9E1" box="[281,404,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">thailandense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ referring to
<collectingCountry id="CEAFECD9FFAF172BA94756C19D68D9E2" box="[530,615,1248,1270]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Thailand</collectingCountry>
where samples containing the new fungus was collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAF172BABDD57259C32D876" blockId="5.[136,1451,1212,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<materialsCitation id="06D0A614FFAF172BABDD57259C32D876" collectingDate="2020-08-19" collectionCode="CMUB" collectorName="N. Suwannarach &amp; J. Kumla &amp; Ex-type" country="Thailand" county="Type" elevation="333" latitude="18.804443" location="University" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="98.95194" municipality="Muang District" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" specimenCode="CMUB40053, SDBR-CMU496" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Mai" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="5F66D4C5FFAF172BABDD57259FB5D80D" box="[136,186,1284,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
<collectingCountry id="CEAFECD9FFAF172BAB8357259E59D80D" box="[214,342,1284,1305]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="747C62ABFFAF172BAA3457259D38D80E" box="[353,567,1284,1306]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Chiang Mai Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="56633633FFAF172BA91157259DD3D80E" box="[580,732,1284,1306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Muang District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="747C62ABFFAF172BA9BD57259C52D80E" box="[744,861,1284,1306]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
<location id="B367FA92FFAF172BA83357259CC3D80E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E111D5FFFAF1726ABDD56B59EE0DC14:B367FA92FFAF172BA83357259CC3D80E" box="[870,972,1284,1306]" country="Thailand" county="Type" latitude="18.804443" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="98.95194" municipality="Muang District" name="University" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">University</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D38CCA8EFFAF172BA88D57259B5BD80E" box="[984,1108,1284,1306]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" precision="15" seconds="16" value="18.804443">18°48´16´´N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D38CCA8EFFAF172BAF0957259BD8D80E" box="[1116,1239,1284,1306]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" precision="15" seconds="07" value="98.95194">98°57´07´´E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="3D954B7AFFAF172BAFB157259A88D80D" box="[1252,1415,1284,1306]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="333.0">
elevation
<quantity id="714001ACFFAF172BAE1057259A88D80D" box="[1349,1415,1284,1305]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" unit="m" value="333.0">333 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, on pileus surface of oyster mushroom (
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAF172BA94657099D9CD829" box="[531,659,1320,1341]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BA94657099D60D829" box="[531,623,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Pleurotus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="C2068A89FFAF172BA9F157099C33D829" box="[676,828,1320,1341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" value="2020-08-19">
<collectingDate id="D2427361FFAF172BA9F157099C33D829" box="[676,828,1320,1341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" value="2020-08-19">19 August 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="1B4DC99FFFAF172BA81057099CECD82A" box="[837,995,1320,1342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">N. Suwannarach</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="1B4DC99FFFAF172BAF5557099B56D82A" box="[1024,1113,1320,1342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">J. Kumla</collectorName>
,
<typeStatus id="690312EBFFAF172BAF3757099BB4D82A" box="[1122,1211,1320,1342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="E61E0432FFAF172BAF9557099A4AD82A" box="[1216,1349,1320,1342]" collectionCode="CMUB" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">CMUB40053</specimenCode>
, preserved in a metabolically inactive state;
<collectorName id="1B4DC99FFFAF172BAAAF576D9D49D875" box="[506,582,1356,1377]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Ex-type</collectorName>
culture
<specimenCode id="E61E0432FFAF172BA9C0576D9C35D876" box="[661,826,1356,1378]" collectionCode="SDBR-CMU" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">SDBR-CMU496</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAF172BABDD57519CE0D891" blockId="5.[136,1451,1212,1414]" box="[136,1007,1392,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
Gene sequences (from
<typeStatus id="690312EBFFAF172BAA3057519E80D891" box="[357,399,1392,1413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">type</typeStatus>
):—PP774228 (ITS), PP783308 (
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BA99B57519DF3D891" box="[718,764,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">rpb2</emphasis>
), and PP783309 (
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BA8FC57519CEED891" box="[937,993,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">tef1-α</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAF172BABDD57959A4EDBB3" blockId="5.[136,1452,1460,2063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BABDD57959E1BD8DA" box="[136,276,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Fungicolous</emphasis>
on pileus surface of oyster mushroom (
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAF172BA85D57959CAAD8DA" box="[776,933,1460,1486]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BA85D57959C7BD8DA" box="[776,884,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">Pleurotus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
). Sexual morph Unknown. Asexual morph Conidiophore pyramidal was formed on the aerial mycelium the main axis and with side branches something at right angles. The main axis with side branches commonly terminating verticillate, whorl of up to three phialides, hyaline. Phialides commonly ampulliform, sometimes flask-shaped and inflated at the base, hyaline, 4.4–8.7 × 1.4–4.3 μm, average ± SD = 7.3±0.1.5 × 2.9±0.5 μm (
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BA92454649D70DB4A" box="[625,639,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">n</emphasis>
=50). Conidia globose to subglobose, one-celled, initially hyaline, and they turn green, 2.0–3.6 × 1.8–3.4 μm, average ± SD = 2.8±0.37 × 2.6±0.40 μm (
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BAF7254489B3ADB96" box="[1063,1077,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">n</emphasis>
=50). Chlamydospores abundant, common single sometimes terminal and intercalary, globose to subglobose, 4.5–10.6 × 4.2–10.5 μm (
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAF172BAFA354AC9A0BDBB2" box="[1270,1284,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">n</emphasis>
=50).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAF172BABE854919B00D51A" blockId="5.[136,1452,1460,2063]" pageId="5" pageNumber="238">
Culture characteristics:—Optimum temperature for growth is 25°C on PDA, SNA, MEA, and CMA. Colonies diameter after 72 h at 25, 30, and 35°C on the following agar: PDA 63–64, 59–61, and 45–
<quantity id="714001ACFFAF172BAF2654F59BCBDBFB" box="[1139,1220,1748,1775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
; SNA 54–55, 52–54, and
<quantity id="714001ACFFAF172BABED54D99E3BDA07" box="[184,308,1784,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="39.0">39–41 mm</quantity>
; MEA 61–62, 55–57, and
<quantity id="714001ACFFAF172BA90F54D99DDADA07" box="[602,725,1784,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="33.0">33–34 mm</quantity>
, and CMA 54–55, 43–45, and
<quantity id="714001ACFFAF172BAF7854D99BA7DA07" box="[1069,1192,1784,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="238" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="22.0">22–23 mm</quantity>
, respectively. Colonies on PDA were abundant white thick aerial mycelium, white-light green, regularly circular, distinctly zonate. Colonies on SNA were flat with entire edges, distinctly zonate; mycelium loose, especially at the margin, aerial hyphae short. Colonies on MEA were well-defined, white-green to bright green, regularly circular, distinctly zonate; mycelium dense and radial, relatively rare in the middle, abundant in the margin. Colonies on CMD were flat aerial mycelia sparely developed. Colony hyaline, irregularly circular, indistinctly zonate; mycelium loose. No diffusing pigment observed and no producing odor on PDA, SNA, MEA, and CMA. Conidiation aggregated in sporadic near the colony margin, white. Conidial production was noted after 3 days, starting around the inoculum.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E2C7FCC1FFAC1728ABDD55579CB1D508" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14518960" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14518960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14518960/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" startId="6.[136,229,1910,1932]" targetBox="[171,1419,202,1870]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAC1728ABDD55579CB1D508" blockId="6.[136,1452,1910,2076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAC1728ABDD55579E0FDA9F" bold="true" box="[136,256,1910,1932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic tree derived from maximum likelihood analysis of 74 fungal strains of the combined ITS,
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAC1728AE5955579A35DA9F" box="[1292,1338,1910,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">rpb2</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAC1728AE2655579AA4DA9F" box="[1395,1451,1910,1931]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">tef1-α</emphasis>
genes.
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAC1728AB9E55BB9D0DDAA4" authority="CBS" authorityName="CBS" box="[203,514,1946,1968]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="parestonicum">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAC1728AB9E55BB9EC0DAA4" box="[203,463,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">Trichoderma parestonicum</emphasis>
CBS
</taxonomicName>
120636 and
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAC1728A9D555BA9C39DAA4" authority="CBS" authorityName="CBS" box="[640,822,1947,1968]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="6" pageNumber="239" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ceramicum">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAC1728A9D555BA9C0CDAA4" box="[640,771,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="239">T. ceramicum</emphasis>
CBS
</taxonomicName>
114576 were used as the outgroup. The numbers above branches represent maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right). Bootstrap values ≥ 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 are shown. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Sequences of fungal strains obtained in this study are in red. Type species are in bold.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E2C7FCC1FFAD1729ABDD54139D18DB9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14518964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14518964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14518964/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" startId="7.[136,229,1586,1608]" targetBox="[166,1417,194,1548]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAD1729ABDD54139D18DB9B" blockId="7.[136,1452,1585,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729ABDD54139D06DB53" bold="true" box="[136,521,1585,1608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">
FIGURE 2.
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729AA5654109D06DB53" authorityName="Suwannar., T. Gateta, S. Boonlue &amp; J. Kumla" authorityYear="2024" box="[259,521,1585,1607]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thailandense">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AA5654109D06DB53" bold="true" box="[259,521,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">Trichoderma thailandense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(SDBR-CMU496,
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729A99654139C1CDB53" bold="true" box="[707,787,1586,1607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">Ex-type</emphasis>
). Colony inoculated at 25 °C for 72 h A. PDA; B. CMD; C. SNA; D. MEA; E, F. conidiation pustules on SNA after 72 h; G–I. conidiophores, phialide and conidia; J, K. chlamydospores and L, M. conidia. Scale bars: A–D = 10 mm, G–M = 10 μm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAD1729ABE8549F9DACDBCC" blockId="7.[136,1452,1726,2070]" box="[189,675,1726,1752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">
Distribution:—Known only from
<collectingCountry id="CEAFECD9FFAD1729A96D549F9D90DBCC" box="[568,671,1726,1752]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAD1729ABE854C09CE9DA56" blockId="7.[136,1452,1726,2070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">
Additional specimens examined:—
<collectingCountry id="CEAFECD9FFAD1729A91F54C09DD0DBEF" box="[586,735,1761,1787]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
. Khao Kho District,
<collectingRegion id="747C62ABFFAD1729A89E54C09BB3DBEF" box="[971,1212,1761,1787]" country="Thailand" name="Phetchabun" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">Phetchabun Province</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D38CCA8EFFAD1729AF9C54C09A66DBE8" box="[1225,1385,1761,1788]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" precision="1" seconds="45.6" value="16.829334">16°49’45.6”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D38CCA8EFFAD1729AE2354C39E0DDA0B" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" precision="1" seconds="27.6" value="100.974335">100° 58’ 27.6”E</geoCoordinate>
, isolated from upland black rice in farmer rice field,
<date id="C2068A89FFAD1729A81455249CDEDA0B" box="[833,977,1797,1823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" value="2021-07-21">21 July 2021</date>
, T. Gateta, KKU-PBMP43 (living culture). Gene sequence ITS (LC738616),
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729A95455099D39DA56" box="[513,566,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">rpb2</emphasis>
(OR488621), and
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729A85D55099C45DA56" box="[776,842,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">tef1-α</emphasis>
(OR488623).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B607AC49FFAD1726ABE8556A9EE0DC14" blockId="7.[136,1452,1726,2070]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1451,158,256]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">
Notes:—Morphologically, the colony characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729A861556D9CEFDA71" authorityName="Suwannar., T. Gateta, S. Boonlue &amp; J. Kumla" authorityYear="2024" box="[820,992,1867,1893]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thailandense">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729A861556D9CEFDA71" box="[820,992,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">T. thailandense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on PDA and SNA at 25 °C similar to
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729AEC2556D9C9EDA9C" authority="M. C. H. Rodriguez, H. C. Evans &amp; R. W. Barreto (2021: 12)" authorityName="M. C. H. Rodriguez, H. C. Evans &amp; R. W. Barreto" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="2021" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="botryosum">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AEC2556D9FF1DA9C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">T. botryosum</emphasis>
M.C.H. Rodríguez, H.C. Evans &amp; R.W. Barreto (2021: 12)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D229D1B8FFAD1729A8CA554F9B9ADA9C" author="Rodriguez, C. H. M. &amp; Evans, H. C. &amp; de Abreu, L. M. &amp; de Macedo, D. M. &amp; Ndacnou, M. K. &amp; Bekele, K. B. &amp; Barreto, R. W." box="[927,1173,1902,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" refId="ref10556" refString="Rodriguez, C. H. M., Evans, H. C., de Abreu, L. M., de Macedo, D. M., Ndacnou, M. K., Bekele, K. B. &amp; Barreto, R. W. (2021) New species and records of Trichoderma isolated as mycoparasites and endophytes from cultivated and wild coffee in Africa. Scientific Reports 11: 19229. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 021 - 84111 - 1" type="journal volume" year="2021">
Rodríguez
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AF49554E9B43DA9C" box="[1052,1100,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729AE4F554E9AA4DA9C" authorityName="M. C. H. Rodriguez, H. C. Evans &amp; R. W. Barreto" authorityYear="2021" box="[1306,1451,1902,1928]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="botryosum">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AE4F554E9AA4DA9C" box="[1306,1451,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">T. botryosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729A95755B39DA0DABF" authorityName="Suwannar., T. Gateta, S. Boonlue &amp; J. Kumla" authorityYear="2024" box="[514,687,1937,1963]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thailandense">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729A95755B39DA0DABF" box="[514,687,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">T. thailandense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller conidial size (1.4–3.3 × 1.6–2.8 μm) and globose to ellipsoidal chlamydospores (
<bibRefCitation id="D229D1B8FFAD1729AA9255949DB0DADB" author="Rodriguez, C. H. M. &amp; Evans, H. C. &amp; de Abreu, L. M. &amp; de Macedo, D. M. &amp; Ndacnou, M. K. &amp; Bekele, K. B. &amp; Barreto, R. W." box="[455,703,1973,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" refId="ref10556" refString="Rodriguez, C. H. M., Evans, H. C., de Abreu, L. M., de Macedo, D. M., Ndacnou, M. K., Bekele, K. B. &amp; Barreto, R. W. (2021) New species and records of Trichoderma isolated as mycoparasites and endophytes from cultivated and wild coffee in Africa. Scientific Reports 11: 19229. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 021 - 84111 - 1" type="journal volume" year="2021">
Rodríguez
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729A91155949D7ADADB" box="[580,629,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Based on similarity of
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729A89A55949B0CDADB" box="[975,1027,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">rpb2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AF6C55949B74DADB" box="[1081,1147,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">tef1-α</emphasis>
sequences,
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729AE5455949E15DAE6" authority="KKU-PBMP" authorityName="KKU-PBMP" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thailandense">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AE5455949AA4DADB" box="[1281,1451,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">T. thailandense</emphasis>
KKU-PBMP
</taxonomicName>
43 and CMUB 40053 (
<typeStatus id="690312EBFFAD1729A94C55F99D44DAE6" box="[537,587,2008,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">type</typeStatus>
species) showed values of 97.44% to 97.55% for
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AF2955F99BBFDAE6" box="[1148,1200,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">rpb2</emphasis>
sequence and 96.26% to 95.73% for
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AA6055DA9E78D501" box="[309,375,2043,2069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">tef1-α</emphasis>
sequence to
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729A94155DD9DA6D501" authorityName="M. C. H. Rodriguez, H. C. Evans &amp; R. W. Barreto" authorityYear="2021" box="[532,681,2043,2069]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="botryosum">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729A94155DD9DA6D501" box="[532,681,2043,2069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">T. botryosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
E623 (
<typeStatus id="690312EBFFAD1729A85455DA9C3CD501" box="[769,819,2043,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">type</typeStatus>
species). Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729AF7F55DD9BD7D501" box="[1066,1240,2043,2069]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thailandense">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AF7F55DD9BD7D501" box="[1066,1240,2043,2069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">T. thailandense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFAD1729AE4355DD9AA4D501" authorityName="M. C. H. Rodriguez, H. C. Evans &amp; R. W. Barreto" authorityYear="2021" box="[1302,1451,2043,2069]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="7" pageNumber="240" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="botryosum">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFAD1729AE4355DD9AA4D501" box="[1302,1451,2043,2069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="240">T. botryosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be considered as a different species. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS,
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFA21726AE6952BF9A7EDDAC" box="[1340,1393,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">rpb2</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFA21726ABDD52E39FC5DDC8" box="[136,202,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">tef1-α</emphasis>
sequences indicated that
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFA21726AAB952E39D97DDCF" box="[492,664,193,219]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thailandense">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFA21726AAB952E39D97DDCF" box="[492,664,193,219]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">T. thailandense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a distinguished lineage from
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFA21726AF4352E39BA7DDCF" authorityName="M. C. H. Rodriguez, H. C. Evans &amp; R. W. Barreto" authorityYear="2021" box="[1046,1192,193,219]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="8" pageNumber="241" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="botryosum">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFA21726AF4352E39BA7DDCF" box="[1046,1192,193,219]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">T. botryosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and previously known
<taxonomicName id="71B8D7CAFFA21726ABDD52C49E7EDDEB" box="[136,369,229,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="84CC705BFFA21726ABDD52C49E16DDEB" box="[136,281,229,255]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Trichoderma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="2E83B0CCFFA21726AA2A52C49ED1DC14" box="[383,478,229,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[171,1419,202,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,187,1882]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree derived from maximum likelihood analysis of 74 fungal strains of the combined ITS, rpb2, and tef1-α genes. Trichoderma parestonicum CBS 120636 and T. ceramicum CBS 114576 were used as the outgroup. The numbers above branches represent maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right). Bootstrap values ≥ 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 are shown. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Sequences of fungal strains obtained in this study are in red. Type species are in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14518960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14518960/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="241">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>