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<mods:title id="BE2B9D6E9BE15C83A8F52D7A27B2266D">A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Annonaceae">
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<subSubSection id="6C015D13E35BF03FD625FA85F5E98D0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="82B81EFE0DB016AF6E9DCAE373274878" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
17.
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="21B810CA-A891-3BBD-22C4-F1C86019BC4E" authority="Maas" authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten & Koek-Noorman (1992). a Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr. b, e C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr. c C. microcarpum R. E. Fr. d C. macrocarpum Maas f C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr. (a Brandbyge & Asanza C. 30017 b, e Prance et al. 24094 c Gentry et al. 32153 d Wingfield & van der Werff 6751 f Sperling et al. 6198)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245285" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2d</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 26. Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, b van der Werff & Vera, Flora Falcon 937)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245322" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 9" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Map 9. Distribution of C. macrocarpum Maas; and C. venezuelanum Pirie." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E6A411E86E171E2F88F8505C616C9E2" ID-CoL="ZBCJ" LSID="21B810CA-A891-3BBD-22C4-F1C86019BC4E" authority="Maas" authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="88F4A593A7C323D6D4050F5CA683C7C5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten & Koek-Noorman (1992). a Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr. b, e C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr. c C. microcarpum R. E. Fr. d C. macrocarpum Maas f C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr. (a Brandbyge & Asanza C. 30017 b, e Prance et al. 24094 c Gentry et al. 32153 d Wingfield & van der Werff 6751 f Sperling et al. 6198)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245285" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 2d</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6A576FA77231E44A8CC75FCC2994E412" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 26. Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, b van der Werff & Vera, Flora Falcon 937)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245322" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="889D4B19E5E450C23664A2274EE1AF44" captionStart="Map 9" captionStartId="F50" captionText="Map 9. Distribution of C. macrocarpum Maas; and C. venezuelanum Pirie." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 9</figureCitation>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">Cremastosperma macrocarpum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="954DA82EC3B437BBF06C06342B5440EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EBAA67CD7D5F248CB6BFC583A5FA0B3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA0818B2BD09CD9355A3602D2175240C" authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">Cremastosperma macrocarpum</taxonomicName>
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||||
Maas, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C 89: 253, f. 2, 3b. 1986.
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="41D8C437973A3129032273DC626B9F1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="807909079D697A21BAA3E2A8DE8FD304" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9739A67CAA6CE15886340551A7611364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
VENEZUELA,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A4BC8D1ECCF028A2E07D5F6B743A2AEC" originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: Sierra de San Luis, above Santa
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1135B39A0B508B23E0AFBEC993425446" originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1300 m, 26 Jul 1979,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EC128B4E1A40843F511CCC6D25E64BBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
van der Werff, H.H. & Vera, B., Flora
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="EF7664C9A1C1303095D5CD812EDFE05C" originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
937
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||||
</emphasis>
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(holotype: U! [U0000246]).
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A262108BAE895635C1BFDF67447572EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CFEDC9D2FD9F19C61A46ADD833A41656" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EA3C8BF239AF342FE80A45C4EF998DD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A8F7B9FCB51BECA59AA6EC53C33B24E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
|
||||
5-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous.
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F44412E063B994D190E6BD35EB46311F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||||
: petioles 3-10 by 1-3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 10-30 by 4-9(12) cm (index 2.3-3.7), chartaceous, green, brownish-green or brown on both sides, darker above, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate (acumen 5-10 mm long), primary vein grooved in basal half, 1-2 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 6-12, intersecondary veins 1-2, distance between from 7-15 mm at the base to 7-23 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60-80° at the base to 45-60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="51FEC7CC6D60DB1807FCF6DAF9F11767" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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||||
of single flowers, on leafy twigs; peduncles ca. 1 by 0.5-1 mm (in flower), 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered in appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 35-45 by 0.5-1 mm at the base up to 2.5 mm at the apex (in flower), 40-65 by 1-1.5 mm at the base up to 5 mm at the apex (in fruit), glabrous; single lower bract, depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, rounded, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long; upper bract at or near base of pedicel, ovate, ca. 1.5 by 0.8 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers pale greenish-yellow with green base or cream-coloured
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7841ADD5B3BE24D5B79A400E5688AA20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||||
, black
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
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||||
<emphasis id="AA91BD60226E4365DC46CCCAC4B73B85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
|
||||
, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, broadly to depressed ovate, recurved, 1.5-2 by 1.5-2 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate, 11-14 by 8-9 mm, obtuse, inner petals obovate, 15-16 by ca. 7 mm, obtuse; androecium ca. 6.5 mm diam., gynoecium not seen.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF61CF65B49BE75884C6AD6FD18C8EFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
|
||||
7-18, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 18-24 by 12-14 mm, very small strongly excentric apicule, green maturing to yellowish-brown, brown or purple-black
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="085BEE929FB3F051BE370344CB81FB8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||||
, reddish-brown or dark brown
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E9B4707B2E3AFC285D1C36072FCE6289" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
|
||||
; stipes 7-14 by ca. 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 5-8 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F308B429661A834FCC1B4381CB74FD4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||||
ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, ca. 20 by 8 mm, raphe sunken, regular.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="44E772152CB35B86993E07FDFC37DA9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B89D1AAE0ED1912A7A59FE4115D10553" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9B1FF56EF5DBFA8668F1F726E0396A6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Venezuela (Carabobo,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="B473FAA87F2E34A77A27442416DAB20F" originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Yaracuy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Primary or secondary evergreen cloud forest. At elevations of 700-1500 m. Flowering: July; fruiting: March, May-July, October and December.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E04232656B26BA513E30B5BBB2A02172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D114076264B6CF39FDDF89DD5D49246D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0608407C1EBC3D0A16FBE63C06141C01" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Primary or secondary evergreen cloud forest. At elevations of 700-1500 m. Flowering: July; fruiting: March, May-July, October and December.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="914150D9926B054142ECC91B78D8F5B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph id="85E858A18719B41DD0440CBE889AA907" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="499BD5297AC1871A661BF4905E8AD098" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
One of only two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5CEEF054DECE71E48CF48BFBD3E0FC2C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="909C0923F71B573BDC9FBA5FEA45396A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
found in Venezuela,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. macrocarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="983827756216876D5B87BC3500A6CB21" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="83D55C36E2E675DED18C6E7CE7D90C8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. macrocarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can most easily be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. venezuelanum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C39E6D577F12C059694901186EACF25" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. venezuelanum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="venezuelanum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2A6C5B2F6396E2D15A44A3C87038FA25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. venezuelanum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its smaller leaves (10-30 cm as opposed to 30-53 cm long) and longer pedicels (40-65 mm as opposed to 16-22 mm in fruit).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma macrocarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BE1D22D3B11D7076C5F77FD0B8CEB538" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1109F1407519877D5C2F67428577CD8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="92E12873F724C8CD309115B3BDC261C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DBA76BB686A85588588D465A32F67F4B" authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A59F2E02CEA19DFF8441385EB5EC30E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma macrocarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known from seven collections representing five localities outside of protected areas, the most recent having been collected in 1991. Endangered [EN] (Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). " Unique occurrences " represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; " locations " refers to the IUCN definition as " a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present "; and " subpopulations " are " geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR <100 km 2, EN <5,000 km 2 and VU <20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR <10 km 2, EN <500 km 2 and VU <2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
<tableCitation id="4ECEB4D7591132735AC1A6DE713D7694" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). " Unique occurrences " represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; " locations " refers to the IUCN definition as " a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present "; and " subpopulations " are " geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR <100 km 2, EN <5,000 km 2 and VU <20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR <10 km 2, EN <500 km 2 and VU <2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">VENEZUELA. Carabobo</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3EF2364873D6B921788649E10D1F83C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9AA51B5A31FCA6FA360C15F8D0A337D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FB11235DB5F85DA3048AB237EFEBD171" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DDA4ACFFC12A50FD74D81418DFD20DED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">VENEZUELA. Carabobo</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morón">Moron</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AF42DABD55EE43F9CFD22AC8D2F4D078" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1C8361B395236D29D18FDA282212F516" originalValue="Morón">Moron</normalizedToken>
|
||||
valley,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.283334">10°17'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="75AB71DDEFAAEDDECB3380B67C21D644" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.283334">10°17'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.166664">68°10'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="9D971C3594E26602BDB3A1084932D847" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.166664">68°10'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 700-1100 m a.s.l., 3 May 1991,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Diaz</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8524C009F3C8220761BE6E98F18CE1E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Diaz</emphasis>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niño">Nino</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<emphasis id="00B3B1FE938CE8D26A8ED6AD46841F10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7B709DFA756E5DBCD54D586AC2C59ADC" originalValue="Niño">Nino</normalizedToken>
|
||||
274
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(NY, U).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<emphasis id="947195E3FFCA7CD73181615196CFDDE6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D712B216A80C46CF8E1BE3C617081E6A" originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: Cerro Galicia, 1500 m a.s.l., 10 Jun 1978,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="41450AB2E772C62BA533DAE452EF9524" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
T.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ruíz">Ruiz</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E937B040D53487C97460D0468BE47C29" originalValue="Ruíz">Ruiz</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Z. et al. 3499
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(U).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yaracuy</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AD17439F57F1F6AB59ADB7FBCD870C15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yaracuy</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E037054EB0E313A582D03E0592788471" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Carabobo,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.433333">10°26'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="93B58245A6400DA0BE9E197F8422B142" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.433333">10°26'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.816666">68°49'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="454666089463582A8565BD75EC4D72BC" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.816666">68°49'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 800-1200 m a.s.l., 31 Mar 1980,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Liesner</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F986740CE6A8835C1BAB37F89A70A679" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Liesner</emphasis>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1A89FB8EE3CE9DD2C8270C57FCF01E4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
A.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A7A11BC200102972BC8CAD91F905BC80" originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
|
||||
9763
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(MO, U); San Felipe,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.25">10°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="624DE6AFAE3C94C4F2643816C6A46B10" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.25">10°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.48333">68°29'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="0F821889EA90B105BBBEB24F26C29BD1" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.48333">68°29'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 1200 m a.s.l., 7 Dec 1980,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steyermark 123804</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1CC1AB346C7B236360B38439B95B6B94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steyermark 123804</emphasis>
|
||||
(U).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911255" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245322" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F31">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma macrocarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="5F1F3E45C716EF205670ECA4B335D64D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911255" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245322" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F31">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2287E743B550F78CF822B87CDADD3C07" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9ACA36B8D60E6F5EAE1B2358A5107AB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B107B3A2CF28CF5041078031D20C0E11" authorityName="Maas" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma macrocarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8C56FFCB73F6C63B5FE92B983E613559" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma macrocarpum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Maas.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C5853DC5FA65DB884304EAB8FC875D0C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
|
||||
fruiting specimen
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9D6CBD045930CFC1D94667E1653BF9BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||||
flower (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a, b</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="58A74E4D58D2C5A2757DFA5148AC8A46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a, b</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="31389E98BE19829450B0E36CF06E33C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
van der Werff & Vera, Flora
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="7E4DEF0B8D4323FE591922CF409694F1" originalValue="Falcón">Falcon</normalizedToken>
|
||||
937
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue