diff --git a/data/03/92/1E/03921E1BB1D74D39CA2D267A8739D71F.xml b/data/03/92/1E/03921E1BB1D74D39CA2D267A8739D71F.xml index 967748c4946..8c4d1fd50ff 100644 --- a/data/03/92/1E/03921E1BB1D74D39CA2D267A8739D71F.xml +++ b/data/03/92/1E/03921E1BB1D74D39CA2D267A8739D71F.xml @@ -1,492 +1,492 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 7. -Cremastosperma cauliflorum R.E.Fr. -Figs 2b, e -, 13 -, 15 -, Map 5 +Cremastosperma cauliflorum R.E.Fr. +Figs 2b, e +, 13 +, 15 +, Map 5 - - -Cremastosperma cauliflorum + + +Cremastosperma cauliflorum R.E.Fr. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 330. 1931. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, 100 m a.s.l., Feb-Mar 1930, -Klug, G. 902 +Klug, G. 902 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242371]; isotypes: F! [F0054580F], NY! [NY00025860], S! [S-R-6959], US! [US00104263]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 2-20 m tall, 4-25 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.5 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 4 --12(- +-12(- 16) by 2 --4(- +-4(- 6) mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, (14 --)20- +-)20- 61 by 5 --14(- +-14(- 22) cm (index 2.3-3.7), chartaceous, olive/brown green above, darker below, glabrous above except for base of primary vein sparsely covered with appressed or erect hairs to 0.3 mm long, base, primary and secondary veins sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.5 mm long below, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5-45 mm long), primary vein verrucose (particularly at the base), deeply grooved for most of length, 1.5 --3.5(- +-3.5(- 5) mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (6 --)10- +-)10- 17, occasionally 1-2 intersecondary veins, distance between from 4 mm at the base to up to 40 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45-70° at the base to 45-60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of 1-5 flowers, branching, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 7, on thick leafless twigs or on main trunk (then often on brachyblasts); peduncles 3 --12(- +-12(- 15) by 1 --1.5(- +-1.5(- 3) mm (in flower), 3-15 by 1-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 10-45 by 1-3 mm at the base (in flower), 15-45 by 1-3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs ca. 0.3 mm long, often with hairs more densely covering the articulation point between shoot and pedicel; single lower bract (from the axil of which short shoots develop bearing new flowers), deltate, 1.5-2 mm long, acute, soon falling off, densely covered with mostly appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, broadly to very broadly ovate or deltate, 2-4 mm long, obtuse or acute, outer side densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers (pale) green, creamy white, greenish-yellow or yellow -in vivo +in vivo , brownish-yellow or brown with orange, dark brown or black base -in sicco +in sicco , outer side of sepals and petals densely covered with erect or appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long, inner side of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with erect hairs to 0.4 mm long or glabrous, base glabrous; sepals free, broadly to very broadly ovate-deltate, mostly recurved, 3-5 by 4-6 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, 10 --25(- +-25(- 32) by 9-17 mm, inner petals elliptic, 11 --21(- +-21(- 32) by 6-11 mm; androecium 7-10 mm diam., stamens 1.5-2 mm long, connective appendage 0.7-1 mm wide; gynoecium 2-3 mm diam., carpels ca. 40, 2-2.3 mm long, sparsely to rather densely covered with mostly appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. -Monocarps +Monocarps 9-41, globose to transversely broadly ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 8-13 by 10-14 mm, green maturing to orange, red, brown and black -in vivo +in vivo , blackish-brown or brown -in sicco +in sicco , sometimes with an apicule at or near the apex; stipes 7 --23(- +-23(- 32) by 1-2 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4-11 mm diam; monocarps, stipes and receptacle rather densely covered with erect golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds broadly ellipsoid to globose, orange, pitted, 9-10 by 9-10 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas, Putamayo), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, -Sucumbios +Sucumbios ), Peru (Loreto) and Brazil (Acre, Amazonas). - -Habitat and ecology. -Moist primary forest, mostly non-inundated areas, on clayey or lateritic soil or white sand. At elevations of 100-500 m. Flowering: June, August, October-February; fruiting: May-February. + +Habitat and ecology. +Moist primary forest, mostly non-inundated areas, on clayey or lateritic soil or white sand. At elevations of 100-500 m. Flowering: June, August, October-February; fruiting: May-February. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Colombia: Espintana blanca ( -Raffauf 102 +Raffauf 102 ); Jiobo -naatraje +naatraje duceju ( -J. Murillo 565 +J. Murillo 565 ). Ecuador: Mantach (Shuar; -Warush Juwa RBAE 119 +Warush Juwa RBAE 119 ), Moncapatahue (Huaorani; M. Aulestia 3238), Nanguehue ( -M. Aulestia 3395 +M. Aulestia 3395 ), Piton (Quech; -Cazalet et al. 7528 +Cazalet et al. 7528 ), -Unetahue +Unetahue (Huaorani; -Rubio 812 +Rubio 812 ), -Unitague +Unitague (Huaorani; -Espinosa 399 +Espinosa 399 ). Peru: Bara ( -Rimachi 480 +Rimachi 480 ), Bara caspi ( -McDaniel 20761 +McDaniel 20761 , -Rimachi 2397 +Rimachi 2397 ), Espintana ( -Cheta 6/173 +Cheta 6/173 , -Rimachi 2397 +Rimachi 2397 ), Mantaach (Achual Jivaro; -W.H. Lewis 12049 +W.H. Lewis 12049 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma cauliflorum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma cauliflorum is one of only three species of the genus displaying a branched inflorescence. It can be discerned from - -C. napoense + +C. napoense and - -C. alticola + +C. alticola by the presence of indument on the monocarps and stipes and by the greater length and density of hairs on the inflorescences. The wood is aromatic, flowers reported as vanilla scented. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma cauliflorum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma cauliflorum is one of the more widespread and abundant species of the genus, found in protected areas in Colombia and Ecuador, as well as in Northern Peru. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected Specimens Examined. - -BRAZIL. Acre + +Selected Specimens Examined. + +BRAZIL. Acre : Mun. Mancio Lima, Rio Moa, -7°25'S +7°25'S , -73°38'W +73°38'W , 12 Oct 1989, -Cid Ferreira et al. 10019 +Cid Ferreira et al. 10019 (NY); Cruzeiro do Sul-Boa -Fe +Fe road, km 12, -7°34'S +7°34'S , -72°44'W +72°44'W , 2001, -Maas et al. 9029 +Maas et al. 9029 (U); Mun. Cruzeiro do Sul, BR-307, -7°34'S +7°34'S , -72°45'W +72°45'W , 2001, -Maas et al. 9251 +Maas et al. 9251 (U). -COLOMBIA. Amazonas +COLOMBIA. Amazonas : Tarapaca, -3°02'S +3°02'S , -70°00'W +70°00'W , 100 m a.s.l., 30 Jun 1992, -Rudas et al. 4514 +Rudas et al. 4514 (MO); Parque Nacional Amacayacu, -3°45'S +3°45'S , -70°15'W +70°15'W , 100 m a.s.l., 8 Aug 1989, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 12655 (MO). -Putamayo +Putamayo : Puerto -Leguizamo +Leguizamo , Puerto -Leguizamo-La +Leguizamo-La Tagua road, -0°92'00"S +0°92'00"S , -74°46'40"W +74°46'40"W , 19 Jan 2000, - -Suarez + +Suarez 1331 (COL). -ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago +ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago : Taisha, -2°23'S +2°23'S , -77°30'W +77°30'W , 500 m a.s.l., 14 Jun 1980, -Brandbyge et al. 31854 +Brandbyge et al. 31854 (AAU, U); El Centro Shuar Pampants, -2°47'S +2°47'S , -77°36'W +77°36'W , 300 m a.s.l., 11 Sep 1985, -Warush Juwa RBAE 119 +Warush Juwa RBAE 119 (U); Cordillera de -Cutucu +Cutucu , -2°06'48"S +2°06'48"S , -77°44'39"W +77°44'39"W , 610 m a.s.l., 16 Jul 2007, -Wisum +Wisum & -Kajekai 1165 +Kajekai 1165 (WAG). -Napo +Napo : Reserva Etnica Huaorani, -0°59'S +0°59'S , -76°12'W +76°12'W , 235 m a.s.l., 18 Jan 1995, -Aulestia +Aulestia & -Omehuat 3238 +Omehuat 3238 (QCNE); -Rio +Rio Wai si -aya +aya , -0°15'S +0°15'S , -76°21'W +76°21'W , 300 m a.s.l., 13 Aug 1981, -Brandbyge et al. 33503 +Brandbyge et al. 33503 (AAU, MO, NY, U); -Rio +Rio Aguarico, E of mouth of -Rio +Rio Cuyabeno, -0°16'S +0°16'S , -75°54'W +75°54'W , 200 m a.s.l., 20 Feb 1980, -Holm-Nielsen et al. 21501 +Holm-Nielsen et al. 21501 (AAU, K, MO, U); Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve, -0°29'S +0°29'S , -75°32'W +75°32'W , 230 m a.s.l., 25 Sep 1991, -Palacios 7602 +Palacios 7602 (U). -Pastaza +Pastaza : Pozo petrolero 'Danta 2' de UNOCAL, -1°47'S +1°47'S , -76°48'W +76°48'W , 365 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1990, -Espinoza +Espinoza & -Coba 399 +Coba 399 (MO, U); Pozo petrolero -'Ramirez' +'Ramirez' , -1°32'S +1°32'S , -76°51'W +76°51'W , 300 m a.s.l., 21 Feb 1990, -Zak 5272 +Zak 5272 (U). -PERU. Loreto +PERU. Loreto : Yanamono Explorama Reserve, -3°27'S +3°27'S , -72°51'W +72°51'W , 100-150 m a.s.l., 31 Dec 1998, -Chatrou et al. 224 +Chatrou et al. 224 (MOL, U); Allpahuayo-IIAP, -3°50'S +3°50'S , -73°25'W +73°25'W , 150 m a.s.l., 2 Jan 1999, -Chatrou et al. 233 +Chatrou et al. 233 (L, MOL); Prov. Requena (locality unknown), -4°50'S +4°50'S , -73°45'W +73°45'W , 170 m a.s.l., 8 Aug 1985, -Cheta 6/ 173 +Cheta 6/ 173 (K); Prov. Maynas, NW of Zona Protectado Pucacuro, -2°08'13"S +2°08'13"S , -75°08'58"W +75°08'58"W , 160-270 m a.s.l., 26 Aug 2006, - -Davila + +Davila et al. 2784 (L); Nauta-Iquitos road, -4°30'S +4°30'S , -73°32'W +73°32'W , 140 m a.s.l., 27 Jun 1979, - + C. -Diaz +Diaz 1229 (F, MO, U); -Caserio +Caserio Gamitana, Reserva del -Rio -Mazan +Rio +Mazan , -3°30'S +3°30'S , -73°10'W +73°10'W , 116 m a.s.l., 21 Jun 1990, - -Grandez + +Grandez et al. 1591 (LPB, MO, U); Prov. Maynas, NW of Area de -Conservacion +Conservacion Ampiyacu, -2°52'40"S +2°52'40"S , -73°00'46"W +73°00'46"W , 150-160 m a.s.l., 16 Oct 2009, -Huamantupa et al. 12928 +Huamantupa et al. 12928 (L); Las Amazonas, ExplorNapo Camp, -3°20'S +3°20'S , -72°55'W +72°55'W , 100-140 m a.s.l., 15 Feb 1991, -Pipoly et al. 12982 +Pipoly et al. 12982 (MO, U); Prov. Requena, Quebrada -Yanayacu-Rio +Yanayacu-Rio Tapiche, -6°15'49"S +6°15'49"S , -73°54'31"W +73°54'31"W , 140-180 m a.s.l., 16 Oct 2014, - -Rios + +Rios et al. 4491 (F, L); Andoas, -2°55'S +2°55'S , -76°25'W +76°25'W , 210 m a.s.l., 5 Jun 1981, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 1938 +N. Jaramillo 1938 (F, MO, U); Maniti, Recreo, -3°42'S +3°42'S , -72°50'W +72°50'W , 115 m a.s.l., 14 May 1988, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez 10637 (F, MOL, NY, U); Iquitos-Nauta road, -4°10'S +4°10'S , -73°20'W +73°20'W , 150 m a.s.l., 14 Dec 1988, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 11423 +N. Jaramillo 11423 (MO, U, USM); Puerto Almendras, -3°48'S +3°48'S , -73°25'W +73°25'W , 122 m a.s.l., 20 Jun 1989, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -T. Soto 12358 +T. Soto 12358 (MO, U, USM). - - -Figure 14. - -Cremastosperma bullatum + + +Figure 14. + +Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie -a +a leaf -b +b leaf base -c +c flower -d +d fruit ( -a-c - -Vasquez +a-c + +Vasquez et al. 24891 -d -Jaramillo, N. et al. 972 +d +Jaramillo, N. et al. 972 ). - - -Figure 15. - -Cremastosperma cauliflorum + + +Figure 15. + +Cremastosperma cauliflorum R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b inflorescence ( -a -Prance et al. 24094 -b -Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 11423 +a +Prance et al. 24094 +b +Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 11423 ). diff --git a/data/03/AA/E9/03AAE932CD057B57FF13FC34FB22FE9D.xml b/data/03/AA/E9/03AAE932CD057B57FF13FC34FB22FE9D.xml index fc504fdfcd7..0ff52758cdd 100644 --- a/data/03/AA/E9/03AAE932CD057B57FF13FC34FB22FE9D.xml +++ b/data/03/AA/E9/03AAE932CD057B57FF13FC34FB22FE9D.xml @@ -1,51 +1,51 @@ - - - -Clarifying the taxonomic status and distributions of the spider species collected during the Leonhard Schultze expeditions in western and central southern Africa (Arachnida: Araneae) + + + +Clarifying the taxonomic status and distributions of the spider species collected during the Leonhard Schultze expeditions in western and central southern Africa (Arachnida: Araneae) - - -Author + + +Author -Haddad, Charles R. +Haddad, Charles R. - - -Author + + +Author -Marusik, Yuri M. +Marusik, Yuri M. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2019 - -2019-05-21 + +2019 + +2019-05-21 - -4608 + +4608 - -3 + +3 - -451 -483 + +451 +483 -journal article -26739 -10.11646/zootaxa.4608.3.3 -dfb77857-812f-454f-9a70-18f9e3552267 -1175-5326 -3066772 -0BF3BCE7-169A-4004-9471-0F70DE4548FA +journal article +26739 +10.11646/zootaxa.4608.3.3 +dfb77857-812f-454f-9a70-18f9e3552267 +1175-5326 +3066772 +0BF3BCE7-169A-4004-9471-0F70DE4548FA - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ - + Cyllobelus chionogaster Simon, 1901: 216 diff --git a/data/03/D9/D2/03D9D29FF041D98301701E8A7CC1207B.xml b/data/03/D9/D2/03D9D29FF041D98301701E8A7CC1207B.xml index e51c26720ae..ccfa9f155b6 100644 --- a/data/03/D9/D2/03D9D29FF041D98301701E8A7CC1207B.xml +++ b/data/03/D9/D2/03D9D29FF041D98301701E8A7CC1207B.xml @@ -1,208 +1,208 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 8. -Cremastosperma cenepense Pirie & Zapata -Fig. 16 -, Map 5 +Cremastosperma cenepense Pirie & Zapata +Fig. 16 +, Map 5 - - -Cremastosperma cenepense + + +Cremastosperma cenepense Pirie & Zapata, Arnaldoa 11: 13, f. 2, 9. 2004. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Amazonas: prov. Condorcanqui, -Rio +Rio Cenepa region, community Mamayaque, 11 Aug 1997, -Rojas, R. et al. 269 +Rojas, R. et al. 269 (holotype: U! (barcode U0123477]; isotypes: AMAZ, HUT, MO [MO-1664376], USM). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree ca. 10 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely (axillary buds densely) covered with appressed golden hairs ca. 0.1 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 4-7 by 1-2 mm; lamina elliptic to narrowly so, 12-22 by 4-8 cm (index 2.7-3), chartaceous, grey-yellow green above, light brown or yellowish-green below, glabrous on both sides, base cordate to subcordate, apex acuminate (acumen 8-10 mm long), primary vein 1-1.5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7-12, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 2-5 mm at the base to 15-25(35) mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 80-90° at the base to 50-60° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-5 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, axillary on leafy twigs; peduncles ca. 2 by 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels ca. 8 by 2 mm at the base (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; 2 lower bracts, soon falling off; upper bract attached midway along pedicel, soon falling off; closed flower buds and flowers not observed. -Monocarps +Monocarps 8-10, blackish-brown -in sicco +in sicco , ellipsoid, slightly asymmetric, 14-15 by 9-11 mm, with an excentric apicule; stipes 7-8 mm by ca. 1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-7 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs ca. 0.1 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, golden brown shallowly wrinkled (immature), ca. 12 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Peru (Amazonas, in the area of the Cenepa River, a tributary of the -Maranon +Maranon River). - -Habitat and Ecology. -Primary forest. At elevations of 250-400 m. Flowering: not recorded; fruiting: July and August. + +Habitat and Ecology. +Primary forest. At elevations of 250-400 m. Flowering: not recorded; fruiting: July and August. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Peru: Yais (Amarun; -R. Rojas et al. 0255 +R. Rojas et al. 0255 , -0269 +0269 ) - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma cenepense + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma cenepense is most likely to be confused with - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense and - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes , which are more commonly collected in northern Peru and also characterised by relatively small leaves and fruits. It differs in the shape of the leaf base (cordate or subcordate as opposed to acute in - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense and - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes ), the indument on the fruits (rather dense as opposed to almost always absent in - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense ) and lengths of the pedicel (shorter than that of - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes ) and stipes (shorter than those of - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense ). - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + Three of the only four known collections of - -C. cenepense + +C. cenepense are from more or less the same locality and none was found in protected areas. Given the low area of occupancy and a likely ongoing decline in area, extent and/or quality of the habitat, we propose to classify the species as Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Other specimen examined. - -PERU. Amazonas + +Other specimen examined. + +PERU. Amazonas : -Rio +Rio Cenepa region, Quebrada Nahem, 780 ft a.s.l., 15 July 1974, -Kayap 1078 +Kayap 1078 (MO, U); -Rio +Rio Cenepa region, community Mamayaque, -4°34'S +4°34'S , -78°14'W +78°14'W , 400 m a.s.l., 9 Aug 1997, -R. Rojas et al. 0 255 +R. Rojas et al. 0 255 (U); -Rio +Rio Cenepa region, community Mamayaque, -4°37'08"S +4°37'08"S , -78°13'46"W +78°13'46"W , 400 m a.s.l., 18 Aug 1997, -Rojas et al. 0351 +Rojas et al. 0351 (MO). - - -Figure 16. - -Cremastosperma cenepense + + +Figure 16. + +Cremastosperma cenepense Pirie & Zapata. -a +a fruiting twig -b +b leaf base -c +c fruit ( -a, c -Rojas 269 +a, c +Rojas 269 ; -b -Kayap 1078 +b +Kayap 1078 ). diff --git a/data/0B/E4/FD/0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2.xml b/data/0B/E4/FD/0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2.xml index f4441e1b6bb..2aa3ff620be 100644 --- a/data/0B/E4/FD/0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2.xml +++ b/data/0B/E4/FD/0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2.xml @@ -1,340 +1,340 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 20. -Cremastosperma microcarpum R.E.Fr. -Figs 1a,g -, 2c -, 23 -, 29 -, Map 7 +Cremastosperma microcarpum R.E.Fr. +Figs 1a,g +, 2c +, 23 +, 29 +, Map 7 - - -Cremastosperma microcarpum + + +Cremastosperma microcarpum R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 559. 1939. - -Type. - + +Type. + BRAZIL, Amazonas: Mun. -Humaita +Humaita , Rio Madeira, near Tres Casas, 18 Sep 1934, -Krukoff, B.A. 6151 +Krukoff, B.A. 6151 (holotype: S! [S-R-6964]; isotypes: A! [00039263], F! [V0054581F], G! [G00237254], GB! [GB-0047034], K! [K000485529], MICH! [MICH1286075], MO! [MO-047716], NY! [NY00025862], U! [U0000248], US! [US00811272, US00901600]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub 2-20 m tall, 2.5-18.5 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed and/or erect white or golden hairs 0.3-0.4 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 2-12 by 1.5-3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic or narrowly obovate, 13-31 by 4-12 cm (index 1.8 --3.8(- +-3.8(- 4.8)), chartaceous, green, greyish- or brownish-green or brown on both sides, shiny above, venation below often yellowish, glabrous above, glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed or erect white hairs to 0.2 mm long at the base and on primary and secondary veins below, base acute to obtuse, rarely rounded or narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate (acumen 10-40 mm long), primary vein 1-2 mm wide at widest point, more or less verrucose on both sides, lightly grooved for around half of length, secondary veins 7-15, often 1-4 intersecondary veins, distance between from ca. 5 mm at the base to ca. 20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein mostly from 45-60° at the base to 60-80° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-7 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 3, on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles (3 --)5- +-)5- 15 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 4-15 by 1-2 mm (in fruit); pedicels (5 --)12- +-)12- 24 by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 10-25 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect whitish hairs to 0.3 mm long; 1 to several lower bract(s), the basal-most small and scale-like, those more apical mostly (long) elliptic, occasionally leaf-like, 2 --6(- +-6(- 60) by ca. 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed white hairs to 0.3 mm long; upper bract attached mostly on the basal half of the pedicel, ovate to deltate, 1.5-2.5 by 1-1.5 mm, obtuse or acute, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; closed flower buds very broadly to depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green, maturing to brown, (pale) yellow, cream or white outside, cream or yellow inside, sepals green or dark brown outside, green with a pink base inside -in vivo +in vivo , pale (orange-) brown or brown with dark or reddish-brown base -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals rather densely to densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs (whitish close to the edges) to 0.3 mm long; sepals free or connate for 0.5 mm, broadly ovate to deltate, not reflexed, 3-4[-6] by 2.5-4[-6] mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate to very broadly ovate, rounded, 11-18[-19] by 10-17 mm, inner petals elliptic to (narrowly) obovate, obtuse, 10-16[-22] by 5-8[-10] mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., stamens 1.3-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.6-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam., carpels 2-2.5[-2.9] long, sparsely covered with erect whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long. -Monocarps +Monocarps (8-)17-33, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 8-11 by 6-8 mm, often with an oblique longitudinal groove corresponding to the seed raphe, green maturing to pink or orange through purple or brownish-red, brown and black -in vivo +in vivo , dark or reddish-brown -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule, monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; stipes 8-16 by 1 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-8 mm diam. -Seeds +Seeds broadly ellipsoid, orange brown, pitted, 6-8 by 5-6 mm, raphe sunken, somewhat irregular. - -Distribution. -Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto) and Brazil (Amazonas). + +Distribution. +Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto) and Brazil (Amazonas). - -Habitat and ecology. - + +Habitat and ecology. + Forest inundated by white ( -varzea +varzea ) or black (tahuampa) water, on yellowish, lateritic soil. At elevations of 80-200 m. Flowering: March, July and September; fruiting: throughout the year. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Peru: Bara ( -McDaniel et al. 17020 +McDaniel et al. 17020 ), Barra caspi ( -McDaniel et al. 20677 +McDaniel et al. 20677 ), -churu +churu yais ( -F. Dominguez 52, 59 +F. Dominguez 52, 59 ), Hicojilla ( -Schunke V. 6412 +Schunke V. 6412 ), Icoja ( -M.E. Mathias et al. 5510 +M.E. Mathias et al. 5510 ), Yais (Huambisa; -Huashikat 321, 493 +Huashikat 321, 493 ), Zorro Caspi Blanco ( -Freitas 8 +Freitas 8 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma microcarpum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma microcarpum resembles most closely - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes , from which it differs in the denser, longer hairs on the flowers and the generally acuminate as opposed to caudate leaf apex (but see discussion under that species). The hairy flower resembles somewhat those of - -C. cauliflorum + +C. cauliflorum , but which cannot be confused as - -C. microcarpum + +C. microcarpum never exhibits a branching inflorescence. In addition, the monocarps of - -C. cauliflorum + +C. cauliflorum are larger than those of - -C. microcarpum + +C. microcarpum and characteristically globose to transversely broadly ellipsoid as opposed to ellipsoid. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma microcarpum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma microcarpum is one of the more widespread and abundant species of the genus, including occurrences in protected areas in Colombia. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -BRAZIL. Amazonas + +Selected specimens examined. + +BRAZIL. Amazonas : Rio Embira, -7°30'S +7°30'S , -70°15'W +70°15'W , 10 Jun 1933, -Krukoff 4748 +Krukoff 4748 (F, G, K, MICH, MO, NY, S, U). -COLOMBIA. Amazonas +COLOMBIA. Amazonas : Parque Nacional Amacayacu, -3°01'S +3°01'S , -70°02'W +70°02'W , 100 m a.s.l., 21 Jun 1991, -Rudas et al. 2260 +Rudas et al. 2260 (MO). -ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago +ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago : -Santiago-Rio +Santiago-Rio Morona road, E of Santiago, -2°58'24"S +2°58'24"S , -77°49'36"W +77°49'36"W , 322 m a.s.l., 10 Jul 2004, -Croat 90749 +Croat 90749 (MO, U). -PERU. Amazonas +PERU. Amazonas : -Rio +Rio Santiago valley, Quebrada Caterpiza, -4°00'S +4°00'S , -77°00'W +77°00'W , 200 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1979, -Huashikat 321 +Huashikat 321 (MO). -Loreto +Loreto : Yanamono Explorama Reserve, -3°27'S +3°27'S , -72°51'W +72°51'W , 100-150 m a.s.l., 30 Dec 1998, -Chatrou et al. 208 +Chatrou et al. 208 (MOL, U); Nauta-Parimari, -5°00'S +5°00'S , -74°15'W +74°15'W , 90 m a.s.l., 1993, -Del Carpio 2213 +Del Carpio 2213 (MO); Jenaro Herrera, -4°55'S +4°55'S , -73°40'W +73°40'W , 125 m a.s.l., 26 Oct 1988, -Freitas 8 +Freitas 8 (U); Mishana, -Rio +Rio Nanay, -3°50'S +3°50'S , -73°30'W +73°30'W , 130 m a.s.l., 26 Feb 1979, -Gentry +Gentry & -Aronson 25111 +Aronson 25111 (U, USM); Quistacocha, near Iquitos, -3°45'S +3°45'S , -73°20'W +73°20'W , 140 m a.s.l., 13 Mar 1981, -Gentry et al. 32153 +Gentry et al. 32153 (MO, NY, U, USM); -Rio +Rio Samiria, Flor de Yarina, -5°02'S +5°02'S , -74°30'W +74°30'W , 140-160 m a.s.l., 4 Aug 1982, -Gentry et al. 38085 +Gentry et al. 38085 (MO, U); Reserva Nacional Pacaya-Samiria, -3°18'S +3°18'S , -74°50'W +74°50'W , 130 m a.s.l., 22 Oct 1990, - -Grandez + +Grandez & -N. Jaramillo 2032 +N. Jaramillo 2032 (MO); Braga, near -Cano +Cano Supay, -Rio +Rio Ucayali, -4°55'S +4°55'S , -73°44'W +73°44'W , 110 m a.s.l., 27 Oct 1994, -Maas et al. 8222 +Maas et al. 8222 (L, U, USM, WU); Mishana, -Rio +Rio Nanay, Quebreda San Pedro, -3°55'S +3°55'S , -73°35'W +73°35'W , 130 m a.s.l., 26 Sep 1986, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 8010 +N. Jaramillo 8010 (MO, U); Mariscal Castilla, Caballo cocha, -3°55'S +3°55'S , -70°30'W +70°30'W , 106 m a.s.l., 14 Jul 1987, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 9350 +N. Jaramillo 9350 (F, MO, U, USM); Sapuena, Jenaro Herrera, -4°50'S +4°50'S , -73°45'W +73°45'W , 170 m a.s.l., 17 Nov 1987, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 10088 +N. Jaramillo 10088 (MO, U, USM). - - -Figure 29. - -Cremastosperma microcarpum + + +Figure 29. + +Cremastosperma microcarpum R.E.Fr. -a +a leaves -b +b flowers and flower buds -c +c fruit ( -a, b -Maas et al. 6281 -c - -Vasquez +a, b +Maas et al. 6281 +c + +Vasquez & Jaramillo 9350 ). diff --git a/data/12/16/6B/12166BAC45FC7FE699B01E6DA7F76879.xml b/data/12/16/6B/12166BAC45FC7FE699B01E6DA7F76879.xml index 907956574fe..58c207a5f01 100644 --- a/data/12/16/6B/12166BAC45FC7FE699B01E6DA7F76879.xml +++ b/data/12/16/6B/12166BAC45FC7FE699B01E6DA7F76879.xml @@ -1,319 +1,319 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 3. -Cremastosperma awaense Pirie -Fig. 10 -, Map 3 +Cremastosperma awaense Pirie +Fig. 10 +, Map 3 - - -Cremastosperma awaense + + +Cremastosperma awaense Pirie, Blumea 50: 45, f. 2. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + ECUADOR. Carchi: Maldonado, parish of Tobar Donoso, Ethnic Reserve -Awa +Awa , Sabalera, 900 m a.s.l., 22 Nov 1992, -Aulestia, C. 842 +Aulestia, C. 842 (holotype: QCNE! [QCNE87829]; isotypes: MO! [MO-1609731], U! [U0012222]), US! [US00901537]. - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 4-15(-20) m tall, 8-25 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 4 --11(- +-11(- 15) by 1.5-3 mm; lamina elliptic to slightly obovate or narrowly so, 17-33 by 5.5-13 cm (index 2.2-3.6), chartaceous, brown/grey green above, darker below, veins on underside dark brown, glabrous above, veins sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long below, base obtuse to acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10-20 mm long), primary vein 1-3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7-11, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 10 mm at the base to up to 60 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45-50° at the base to 55-60° closer to the apex, forming loops in the apical half, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-3 mm, tertiary veins slightly reticulate. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, axillary on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles ca. 1.5 by 1 mm (in flower), 1.5-3 by 1-2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 27-28 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 35-60 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; single lower bract, broadly elliptic, 1-2 by 1-1.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, outer side densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along the pedicel, broadly elliptic, 1-2.5 by 1-2 mm, obtuse, rather densely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid; flowers green or cream -in vivo +in vivo , blackish -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals free, deltate, reflexed (appressed in bud), 2-2.5 by 2-2.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, outer side rather densely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, 10-15 by 8-9 mm, inner petals elliptic, 10-15 by 5-6 mm, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long on the outer side, denser at the base and in a band leading from the base to the apex of the petals; stamens 1-1.5 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels 30-40, 1-2 mm long, sparsely covered with golden, <0.1 mm long hairs. -Monocarps +Monocarps 10 --12(- +-12(- 20), ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 22-28 by 12-17 mm, brown -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule or rarely a nipple-like protuberance; stipes 11-24 by 1-1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3.5-8 mm diam. monocarps, stipes and receptacle very sparsely to sparsely covered with appressed white hairs <0.1 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, asymmetrical, yellow-orange with shallow pits, ca. 19 by 11 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Pacific coast of Colombia ( -Choco +Choco , -Narino +Narino ) and Ecuador (Carchi, Esmeraldas). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary humid to premontane tropical forest. At elevations of 0-2000 m. Flowering: January, September and November; fruiting: January, February and June to September. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary humid to premontane tropical forest. At elevations of 0-2000 m. Flowering: January, September and November; fruiting: January, February and June to September. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Colombia: Guasca negra ( - -Romero-Castaneda + +Romero-Castaneda 3369 ). Ecuador: Cargadera negra ( -Tipaz et al. 1718 +Tipaz et al. 1718 ), -Castana +Castana negro ( -Aulestia, C. et al. 1842 +Aulestia, C. et al. 1842 ), Huasca negra ( -Quelal et al. 191 +Quelal et al. 191 ), Teuug teiug ( -Tipaz et al. 1428 +Tipaz et al. 1428 ). - -Note. - - -Cremastosperma awaense + +Note. + + +Cremastosperma awaense can be distinguished by the unique pattern of indument on the outer sides of the petals; denser at base and in a line leading to the petal apex. The sparse indument of very short (<0.1mm) hairs on the monocarps and stipes are not visible without magnification and the fruits appear glabrous. This character is also exhibited by some specimens of - -C. westrae + +C. westrae . - -C. awaense + +C. awaense can easily be distinguished from both - -C. westrae + +C. westrae and the geographically closer - -C. stenophyllum + +C. stenophyllum Pirie on the basis of the length of the pedicel. The pedicels of - -C. westrae + +C. westrae are shorter (not exceeding 17 mm) and those of - -C. stenophyllum + +C. stenophyllum longer (ca. 45 mm in comparison to 27-28 mm in flower). - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + Although the species is distributed across a moderately wide area (EOO>20,000), - -C. awaense + +C. awaense is rather rarely collected (AOO <500 km2) and half of the specimens known to us are from within just one ethnic reserve in Ecuador which reportedly does not confer protected status to the biota. Decline in non-protected areas may lead to a considerable reduction in EOO and hence we assign the category Near Threatened [NT] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - - + +Selected specimens examined. + + COLOMBIA. -Choco +Choco : Termales, between Jobi and Arusi, -5°37'N +5°37'N , -77°25'W +77°25'W , 5-50 m a.s.l., 31 Jan 1995, -Betancur et al. 6043 +Betancur et al. 6043 (COL, HUA, U, US). -ECUADOR. Carchi +ECUADOR. Carchi : Reserva Etnica -Awa-Camumbi +Awa-Camumbi , -0°53'N +0°53'N , -78°16'W +78°16'W , 1700-1900 m a.s.l., 20 Jul 1991, -Quelal et al. 191 +Quelal et al. 191 (U); -Tulcan +Tulcan , -0°53'N +0°53'N , -78°20'W +78°20'W , 1600 m a.s.l., 20 Sep 1991, -Rubio et al. 2181 +Rubio et al. 2181 (MO); Reserva Etnica -Awa +Awa , sector Sabalera, -1°00'N +1°00'N , -78°24'W +78°24'W , 650-1000 m a.s.l., 19 Jun 1992, -Tipaz et al. 1428 +Tipaz et al. 1428 (U); Reserva Etnica -Awa +Awa , -0°53'N +0°53'N , -78°25'W +78°25'W , 1800 m a.s.l., 17 Aug 1992, -Tipaz et al. 1718 +Tipaz et al. 1718 (U); Lita-Alto Tambo Road, ca. 20 km past Lita, -0°55'N +0°55'N , -78°30'W +78°30'W , 550 m a.s.l., 26 Jun 1991, -Van der Werff et al. 12045 +Van der Werff et al. 12045 (QCNE, U). -Esmeraldas +Esmeraldas : Reserva Etnica -Awa +Awa , -1°08'N +1°08'N , -78°33'W +78°33'W , 200 m a.s.l., 21 Sep 1992, -C. Aulestia et al. 637 +C. Aulestia et al. 637 (U); Bravito, -0°35'N +0°35'N , -79°02'W +79°02'W , 600 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1998, -X. Cornejo +X. Cornejo & -Bonifaz 6451 +Bonifaz 6451 (U); Lita-San Lorenzo road, -1°05'N +1°05'N , -78°40'W +78°40'W , 300-500 m a.s.l., 12 May 1990, -Gentry et al. 70042 +Gentry et al. 70042 (U); Eloy Elfaro, -0°49'N +0°49'N , -78°45'W +78°45'W , 250 m a.s.l., 23 Oct 1993, -Tirado et al. 591 +Tirado et al. 591 (MO, US); -Rio +Rio Santiago, -0°49'S +0°49'S , -78°54'W +78°54'W , 200 m a.s.l., 17 Jul 1994, -Tirado et al. 1083 +Tirado et al. 1083 (U). - - -Map 3. + + +Map 3. Distribution of - -Cremastosperma awaense + +Cremastosperma awaense Pirie, - -C. dolichocarpum + +C. dolichocarpum Pirie, - -C. magdalenae + +C. magdalenae Pirie, - -C. napoense + +C. napoense Pirie, - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum R.E.Fr. and - -C. westrae + +C. westrae Pirie - - -Figure 10. - -Cremastosperma awaense + + +Figure 10. + +Cremastosperma awaense Pirie. -a +a flower -b +b leaf and fruit ( -a -Aulestia 842 -b -Van der Werff 12045 +a +Aulestia 842 +b +Van der Werff 12045 ). diff --git a/data/21/B8/10/21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E.xml b/data/21/B8/10/21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E.xml index 53c3c80f717..6a0b2298a0a 100644 --- a/data/21/B8/10/21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E.xml +++ b/data/21/B8/10/21B810CAA8913BBD22C4F1C86019BC4E.xml @@ -1,214 +1,214 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 17. -Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas -Figs 2d -, 26 -, Map 9 +Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas +Figs 2d +, 26 +, Map 9 - - -Cremastosperma macrocarpum + + +Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C 89: 253, f. 2, 3b. 1986. - -Type. - + +Type. + VENEZUELA, -Falcon +Falcon : Sierra de San Luis, above Santa -Maria +Maria , 1300 m, 26 Jul 1979, - + van der Werff, H.H. & Vera, B., Flora -Falcon +Falcon 937 (holotype: U! [U0000246]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 5-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 3-10 by 1-3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 10-30 by 4-9(12) cm (index 2.3-3.7), chartaceous, green, brownish-green or brown on both sides, darker above, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate (acumen 5-10 mm long), primary vein grooved in basal half, 1-2 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 6-12, intersecondary veins 1-2, distance between from 7-15 mm at the base to 7-23 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60-80° at the base to 45-60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, on leafy twigs; peduncles ca. 1 by 0.5-1 mm (in flower), 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered in appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 35-45 by 0.5-1 mm at the base up to 2.5 mm at the apex (in flower), 40-65 by 1-1.5 mm at the base up to 5 mm at the apex (in fruit), glabrous; single lower bract, depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, rounded, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long; upper bract at or near base of pedicel, ovate, ca. 1.5 by 0.8 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers pale greenish-yellow with green base or cream-coloured -in vivo +in vivo , black -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, broadly to depressed ovate, recurved, 1.5-2 by 1.5-2 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate, 11-14 by 8-9 mm, obtuse, inner petals obovate, 15-16 by ca. 7 mm, obtuse; androecium ca. 6.5 mm diam., gynoecium not seen. -Monocarps +Monocarps 7-18, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 18-24 by 12-14 mm, very small strongly excentric apicule, green maturing to yellowish-brown, brown or purple-black -in vivo +in vivo , reddish-brown or dark brown -in sicco +in sicco ; stipes 7-14 by ca. 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 5-8 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, ca. 20 by 8 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Venezuela (Carabobo, -Falcon +Falcon , Yaracuy). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary or secondary evergreen cloud forest. At elevations of 700-1500 m. Flowering: July; fruiting: March, May-July, October and December. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary or secondary evergreen cloud forest. At elevations of 700-1500 m. Flowering: July; fruiting: March, May-July, October and December. - -Notes. - + +Notes. + One of only two species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma found in Venezuela, - -C. macrocarpum + +C. macrocarpum can most easily be distinguished from - -C. venezuelanum + +C. venezuelanum by its smaller leaves (10-30 cm as opposed to 30-53 cm long) and longer pedicels (40-65 mm as opposed to 16-22 mm in fruit). - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma macrocarpum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma macrocarpum is known from seven collections representing five localities outside of protected areas, the most recent having been collected in 1991. Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -VENEZUELA. Carabobo + +Selected specimens examined. + +VENEZUELA. Carabobo : -Rio -Moron +Rio +Moron valley, -10°17'N +10°17'N , -68°10'W +68°10'W , 700-1100 m a.s.l., 3 May 1991, -W. Diaz +W. Diaz & - -Nino + +Nino 274 (NY, U). - -Falcon + +Falcon : Cerro Galicia, 1500 m a.s.l., 10 Jun 1978, - + T. -Ruiz +Ruiz Z. et al. 3499 (U). -Yaracuy +Yaracuy : -Rio +Rio Carabobo, -10°26'N +10°26'N , -68°49'W +68°49'W , 800-1200 m a.s.l., 31 Mar 1980, -Liesner +Liesner & - + A. -Gonzalez +Gonzalez 9763 (MO, U); San Felipe, -10°15'N +10°15'N , -68°29'W +68°29'W , 1200 m a.s.l., 7 Dec 1980, -Steyermark 123804 +Steyermark 123804 (U). - - -Figure 26. - -Cremastosperma macrocarpum + + +Figure 26. + +Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower ( -a, b - +a, b + van der Werff & Vera, Flora -Falcon +Falcon 937 ). diff --git a/data/23/50/3B/23503BE64A345FF1692ACD7BA39A78AF.xml b/data/23/50/3B/23503BE64A345FF1692ACD7BA39A78AF.xml index ffa2be822d4..916fa30cb23 100644 --- a/data/23/50/3B/23503BE64A345FF1692ACD7BA39A78AF.xml +++ b/data/23/50/3B/23503BE64A345FF1692ACD7BA39A78AF.xml @@ -1,415 +1,415 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 34. -Cremastosperma yamayakatense Pirie -Figs 37 -, 44 -, Map 8 +Cremastosperma yamayakatense Pirie +Figs 37 +, 44 +, Map 8 - - -Cremastosperma yamayakatense + + +Cremastosperma yamayakatense Pirie, Arnaldoa 11: 10, f. 2, 6-8. 2004. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Amazonas: Bagua, Distr. Imaza, community Yamayakat, trail to Putuim, 22 Nov 2003, -Pirie, M.D. et al. 57 +Pirie, M.D. et al. 57 (holotype: U! [U0121237]; isotypes: CUZ!, HAO!, HUT!, K! [K000580473], MO! [MO-1459049], NY! [NY006890], USM!). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 1.5-8 (-20) m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 5-10 by 1-5 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 11-24 (-38) by 3.5-8 (-13) cm (index 2.4-3.4), chartaceous, olive-grey green above, light brown below, glabrous on both sides, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10-25 mm long), primary vein grooved in basal quarter to third, 1-4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 8-10 (-14), intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 5-10 mm at the base to 10-30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 70-80°, the angle thereafter decreasing and subsequently increasing again towards the leaf margin, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-6 mm, tertiary veins largely percurrent with some reticulation. -Inflorescences +Inflorescences of single, successively produced, flowers, axillary on leafy branches and on older (leafless) branches (then on brachyblasts); peduncles ca. 1 by 1 mm (in flower), 1-3 by 2-2.5 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with golden hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; pedicels 5-7 by ca. 1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 8 --15(- +-15(- 20) by 2-2.5 mm at the base to 4 mm at the apex (in fruit), glabrous; single lower bract, deltate, 1-2 by 1-2 mm, acute, mostly soon falling off in fruit, rather densely covered with golden hairs 0.1 mm long; upper bract inserted within basal half of pedicel, deltate, 1-2 by 1-2 mm, acute, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, remaining closed in development; flowers green maturing to yellow -in vivo +in vivo , black -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals basally connate, deltate, appressed, ca. 3 by 3 mm, rounded, soon falling off, rarely persistent; outer petals ovate, 10-15 by 8-12 mm, inner petals elliptic, ca. 12 by 6 mm; androecium 6-7 mm diam., stamens ca. 1 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.5 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 3 mm diam., carpels length and indument unknown. -Monocarps +Monocarps 10-22, green maturing through red to black -in vivo +in vivo , black -in sicco +in sicco , ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 12-14 by 7-8 mm, with an excentric apicule; stipes green maturing to red -in vivo +in vivo , 11-12 by ca. 1.5 mm increasing to 3 mm when ripe; fruiting receptacle 5-10 mm diam., monocarps and stipes glabrous or sparsely covered with golden hairs <0.1 mm long, receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown with small black pits surrounded by a slightly raised rim, 9-13 by 6-7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Peru (Amazonas), watershed of the upper -Rio -Maranon +Rio +Maranon . - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary and secondary forest. At elevations of 200-1000 m. Flowering: November, January-March; fruiting: throughout the year except December and April. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary and secondary forest. At elevations of 200-1000 m. Flowering: November, January-March; fruiting: throughout the year except December and April. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Peru: -ciwanim -yaau +ciwanim +yaau ( -Kayap 33 +Kayap 33 ), Cuicui yais ( -Berlin 1588 +Berlin 1588 ), Washi yais (Huambisa; -Tunqui 573 +Tunqui 573 ), Yais ( - + R. -Vasquez +Vasquez et al. 24797 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma yamayakatense + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma yamayakatense resembles two other species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma ; - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes , which has been collected in the departments of Napo and Pastaza in Ecuador, Loreto in Peru and in adjacent Colombia and - -C. cenepense + +C. cenepense , from the Cenepa region of Amazonas, Peru, with which its distribution therefore overlaps. The most important differences between - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense and - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes are in the flowers. - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes is characterised by flower buds which open during development and which bear indument on all parts. In contrast, the flower buds of - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense bear virtually no indument and appear to remain closed throughout development, the petals only opening slightly when the flowers are mature. Additionally, the flowers of - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes are borne on longer, more slender pedicels than those of - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense . - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense differs from - -C. cenepense + +C. cenepense in the shape of the leaf base (acute in - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense , cordate to subcordate in - -C. cenepense + +C. cenepense ) and the length of the stipes (longer than the monocarps in - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense , shorter than the monocarps in - -C. cenepense + +C. cenepense ). The lack of flowering material of - -C. cenepense + +C. cenepense makes further distinction currently impossible. - + Flowering and fruiting specimens of - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense of around 1.5 m tall were observed in the province of Bagua, though specimens collected both in this area and particularly those collected further north into the province of Condorcanqui, in the area of the -Rio +Rio Cenepa, have been recorded as reaching heights of 6-8 m and in one case 20 m tall. Differences between collections from these two regions have been observed: the leaves of Condorcanqui specimens are generally larger and the fruits have a slight indument whereas those of the Bagua collections are glabrous. In the absence of floral material from the Cenepa region, it is assumed that these specimens do represent the same species due to the short pedicel, leaf base shape (which excludes the possibility of their representing specimens of - -C. cenepense + +C. cenepense ) and leaf venation. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma yamayakatense + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma yamayakatense is restricted in its extent and not found within protected areas. Vulnerable [VU] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -PERU. Amazonas + +Selected specimens examined. + +PERU. Amazonas : -Rio +Rio Cenepa, Huampami, -4°30'S +4°30'S , -78°30'W +78°30'W , 200-250 m a.s.l., 7 Aug 1978, -Ancuash 1324 +Ancuash 1324 (U); Bagua, Imaza, -4°45'S +4°45'S , -78°30'W +78°30'W , 750-1000 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1997, - -Chavez + +Chavez 70 (U); Bagua, Yamayakat, -4°55'S +4°55'S , -78°19'W +78°19'W , Jan 1995, -Hodges +Hodges & -Gorham 111 +Gorham 111 (HUT); Bagua, Yamayakat, trail to Putuim, -5°02'55"S +5°02'55"S , -78°21'06"W +78°21'06"W , 356-420 m a.s.l., 23 Nov 2003, -Pirie et al. 80 +Pirie et al. 80 (U, USM); -Rio +Rio Santiago valley, Quebrada Caterpiza, -3°50'S +3°50'S , -77°40'W +77°40'W , 200 m a.s.l., 12 Jan 1980, -Tunqui 573 +Tunqui 573 (MO); Bagua, Aramango, -5°29'54"S +5°29'54"S , -78°20'00"W +78°20'00"W , 1650 m a.s.l., 17 Dec 2001, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 27434 (U). - -Dubious species + +Dubious species - - -Guatteria socialis + + +Guatteria socialis J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 171. 1929. - -Type. + +Type. PERU, -Junin +Junin : Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 m a.s.l., Oct 1924-1927., -C. Schunke 395 +C. Schunke 395 (holotype: F, isotype: S! [S08-16252]). - + The type specimen of - -G. socialis + +G. socialis represents a species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma , but to which species it might belong is not clear. - -Excluded species + +Excluded species - - -Cremastosperma anomalum + + +Cremastosperma anomalum R.E.Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24: 4, pl. 1c-d. 1948. - -Type. + +Type. COLOMBIA, -Choco +Choco : Bahia Solano, near Ciudad Mutis, along Quebrada Jella, 0-75 m a.s.l., 21-23 Feb 1939, -Killip, E.P. & Garcia, H. 33600 +Killip, E.P. & Garcia, H. 33600 (holotype: S; isotypes: COL, UC, US). - + ≡ - -Klarobelia + +Klarobelia anomala (R.E.Fr.) -Chatrou (1998) +Chatrou (1998) 123, f. 2. - - -Cremastosperma guianense + + +Cremastosperma guianense R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 205. 1934. - -Type. + +Type. GUYANA, Apoteri: Rupununi River, 21 Jul 1931, Forest Dep. Brit. Guiana 2093 = -Davis, T.A.W. 102 +Davis, T.A.W. 102 (holotype: K). - + ≡ - -Pseudoxandra -lucida + +Pseudoxandra +lucida R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 230, f. 3a-e. 1937: - - -Cremastosperma polyphlebum + + +Cremastosperma polyphlebum (Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 331. 1931. - -Type. + +Type. BRAZIL, Acre: Rio Jurua-Mirim, Aug 1901, -Ule, E. 5628 +Ule, E. 5628 (holotype: B; isotypes: F, G, K! [K000485701], MG, S! [S-R-7018]). - + ≡ - -Pseudoxandra polyphleba + +Pseudoxandra polyphleba (Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 230. 1937. - - -Cremastosperma williamsii + + +Cremastosperma williamsii R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 206. 1934. - -Type. + +Type. PERU, Loreto: Yurimaguas, Recreo, 23 Oct 1929, -Williams, Ll. 3960 +Williams, Ll. 3960 (holotype: F! [V0040605F]; isotype: S [S-R-7031]). - + ≡ - -Pseudoxandra -williamsii + +Pseudoxandra +williamsii (R.E.Fr.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 227, f. 2b,c. 1937. - - -Figure 44. - -Cremastosperma yamayakatense + + +Figure 44. + +Cremastosperma yamayakatense Pirie. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower ( -a +a Jaramillo & Apanu 584 -b +b Barbour 4432). diff --git a/data/27/1F/DD/271FDD0CEE7E32174482383C191B43F0.xml b/data/27/1F/DD/271FDD0CEE7E32174482383C191B43F0.xml index b15ff8ad13f..6bc59567786 100644 --- a/data/27/1F/DD/271FDD0CEE7E32174482383C191B43F0.xml +++ b/data/27/1F/DD/271FDD0CEE7E32174482383C191B43F0.xml @@ -1,45 +1,45 @@ - - - -A revision of the Australian digger wasps in the genus Sphex (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) + + + +A revision of the Australian digger wasps in the genus Sphex (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Doerfel, Thorleif H. +Doerfel, Thorleif H. - - -Author + + +Author -Ohl, Michael +Ohl, Michael -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -521 + +2015 + +521 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995 -1313-2970-521-1 -805ABD44DDDA4AA39923022B2E908525 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995 +1313-2970-521-1 +805ABD44DDDA4AA39923022B2E908525 - + Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Sphecidae @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ R. Turner, 1915a: 65, ♀. Holotype or syntypes: ♀, Australia: Queensland: pro : Bohart and Menke (1976 : 116) (new combination, in checklist of world -Sphecidae +Sphecidae ). diff --git a/data/2A/82/3A/2A823A615FCEB963EEBCA106374D8EB4.xml b/data/2A/82/3A/2A823A615FCEB963EEBCA106374D8EB4.xml index c2dd2973729..c2df210378f 100644 --- a/data/2A/82/3A/2A823A615FCEB963EEBCA106374D8EB4.xml +++ b/data/2A/82/3A/2A823A615FCEB963EEBCA106374D8EB4.xml @@ -1,45 +1,45 @@ - - - -A revision of the Australian digger wasps in the genus Sphex (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) + + + +A revision of the Australian digger wasps in the genus Sphex (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Doerfel, Thorleif H. +Doerfel, Thorleif H. - - -Author + + +Author -Ohl, Michael +Ohl, Michael -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2015 - -521 + +2015 + +521 - -1 -104 + +1 +104 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995 -1313-2970-521-1 -805ABD44DDDA4AA39923022B2E908525 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.521.5995 +1313-2970-521-1 +805ABD44DDDA4AA39923022B2E908525 - + Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Sphecidae @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ R. Turner, 1915: 65, ♀. Syntypes: ♀, Australia: Western Australia: Cue and C : Bohart and Menke (1976 : 116) (new combination, in checklist of world -Sphecidae +Sphecidae ). diff --git a/data/2C/E3/1A/2CE31AA92BE05CAF003FA807AFC358AC.xml b/data/2C/E3/1A/2CE31AA92BE05CAF003FA807AFC358AC.xml index c9f74b12f76..c17a8b6db0e 100644 --- a/data/2C/E3/1A/2CE31AA92BE05CAF003FA807AFC358AC.xml +++ b/data/2C/E3/1A/2CE31AA92BE05CAF003FA807AFC358AC.xml @@ -1,199 +1,199 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 31. -Cremastosperma stenophyllum Pirie -Fig. 41 -, Map 2 +Cremastosperma stenophyllum Pirie +Fig. 41 +, Map 2 - - -Cremastosperma stenophyllum + + +Cremastosperma stenophyllum Pirie, Blumea 50: 56, f. 8. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + ECUADOR, Pichincha: -'Tinalandia' +'Tinalandia' , km 112 on the road to Santo Domingo de los Colorados from Quito, 500-1000 m a.s.l., 15 Jan 1984, -Knapp, S. & Mallet, J. 6159 +Knapp, S. & Mallet, J. 6159 (holotype: QCNE [QCNE4139]; isotype: QCA! [QCA5625]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 5-10 m tall, up to 20 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 5-12 by 2-2.5 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 25-33 by 6.5-11.5 cm (index 2.9-4.3), chartaceous, greyish-green above, green below, sparsely covered with appressed yellowish-white hairs to 0.2 mm long below and on veins above, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 20-25 mm long), primary vein 1-1.5 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 8-10, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 50 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45-55° at the base to 70-80° closer to the apex, not branching, not forming loops, tertiary veins with some reticulation. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers on leafy twigs or on brachyblasts on thicker twigs or branches; peduncle 1.5-3 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), ca. 6 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 45-55 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), ca. 62 by ca. 1.5 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels and outer side of bracts (densely), sepals (densely) and petals (sparsely to rather densely) covered with appressed yellowish-white hairs to 0.2 mm long; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, obtuse; upper bract attached on basal half of pedicel, ovate, ca. 1.5 by 0.8 mm, acute; closed flower buds not seen; flowers green, maturing to yellow -in vivo +in vivo , light brown with dark brown patches at the base of the petals -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals deltate, 2 mm long, obtuse; outer petals elliptic, ca. 18 by 8 mm, inner petals elliptic, ca. 18 mm long (diam. unknown); androecium and gynoecium not seen. -Monocarps +Monocarps ca. 4, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, ca. 25 by ca. 12 mm, black -in sicco +in sicco , with a strongly excentric apicule; stipes ca. 8 by ca. 2.5 mm; fruiting receptacle ca. 4 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle with occasional appressed white hairs <0.1 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds not seen. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Ecuador ( -Bolivar +Bolivar , Pichincha). - -Habitat and ecology. -Secondary vegetation with primary elements. At elevations of 500-1200 m. Flowering: January; fruiting: not recorded. + +Habitat and ecology. +Secondary vegetation with primary elements. At elevations of 500-1200 m. Flowering: January; fruiting: not recorded. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Ecuador: Molinillo ( - + Acosta -Solis +Solis 6429 ). - -Notes. - + +Notes. + Only three collections of - -Cremastosperma stenophyllum + +Cremastosperma stenophyllum , one of which is sterile, have been observed by the authors. However, these are consistently distinct from all other species of the genus. - -C. stenophyllum + +C. stenophyllum can be distinguished even when sterile by the narrowly (or nearly so) elliptic long acuminate leaves. The flowers and fruits resemble those of - -C. awaense + +C. awaense Pirie, but both the pedicel and leaf acumen are longer and - -C. stenophyllum + +C. stenophyllum also lacks the distinctive pattern of indument on the petals of - -C. awaense + +C. awaense : the hairs are instead evenly distributed on the outer surface. - -Conservation status. - + +Conservation status. + We have seen one further specimen since - -Cremastosperma stenophyllum + +Cremastosperma stenophyllum was described, bringing the total to three, representing highly fragmented populations, none of which is in a protected area. Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Other specimens examined. - - + +Other specimens examined. + + ECUADOR. -Bolivar +Bolivar : Valle de -Limon +Limon , 800-1200 m a.s.l., 16 Oct 1943, - + Acosta -Solis +Solis 6429 (F); -Esmeraldas +Esmeraldas : -Quininde -Canton +Quininde +Canton , Cristobal -Colon +Colon , -0°27'N +0°27'N , -79°09'W +79°09'W , 700 m a.s.l., 20 Oct 2008, -Palacios 16384 +Palacios 16384 (ECUAMZ, MO, QCNE). - - -Figure 41. - -Cremastosperma stenophyllum + + +Figure 41. + +Cremastosperma stenophyllum Pirie. -a +a flower and leaf ( -Knapp & Mallet 6159 +Knapp & Mallet 6159 ). diff --git a/data/42/70/31/427031AB8A156004A30AFA6D024B28C1.xml b/data/42/70/31/427031AB8A156004A30AFA6D024B28C1.xml index 7ab299639a3..c85323b6539 100644 --- a/data/42/70/31/427031AB8A156004A30AFA6D024B28C1.xml +++ b/data/42/70/31/427031AB8A156004A30AFA6D024B28C1.xml @@ -1,291 +1,291 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 29. -Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. -Figs 36 -, 39 -, Map 8 +Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. +Figs 36 +, 39 +, Map 8 - - -Cremastosperma pendulum + + +Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 325. 1931. - -Guatteria pendula + +Guatteria pendula Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil.: 146. 1798. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, without location, without date, - -Pavon + +Pavon , J.A. s.n. (holotype: G! [G00237253]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub 4-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles (3 --)6- +-)6- 13 by 1-3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 7-30 by 3.5-10 cm (index 2.9-4.2), chartaceous, drying green (darker above), glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long particularly on veins or glabrous below, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 15-25 mm long), primary vein 1-2 mm wide at widest point, deeply grooved in basal half, secondary veins 7-10, intersecondary veins often 1(-2), distance between from 9-16 mm at the base to 11-25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50-60° at the base to 45-50° closer to the apex, sometimes branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers; peduncles 0.5-1.5 by ca. 0.5 mm (in flower), 3-5 by 0.8-1 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 28-70 by 0.3-0.5 mm at the base, to 1 mm at the apex (in flower), 50-70 by 0.5-1 mm at the base, to 1.5 mm at the apex (in fruit), green or purple -in vivo +in vivo , glabrous; 1 or 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, acute, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long; upper bract attached halfway along pedicel, elliptic or deltate, 0.5-1 by 0.5-1 mm, acute or obtuse, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, remaining closed (or nearly so) throughout development; flowers green maturing to yellow -in vivo +in vivo , black -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals fused for basal 0.5 mm, elliptic, appressed (particularly in bud) or recurved, ca. 2 by 1.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate, 5-6 by 3-4 mm, inner petals ovate, ca. 3.5 by 2 mm; androecium ca. 4 mm diam., connective appendage 0.5-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam., glabrous. -Monocarps +Monocarps 6-11, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 10-13 by 7-9 mm, monocarps and stipes green maturing to dark reddish-brown -in vivo +in vivo , medium to dark brown -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes 9-15 by 1-2 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3-6 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 13 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Peru ( -Huanuco +Huanuco , Pasco, Ucayali). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary and secondary tropical lowland and upland forest, on brown and red latosols. At elevations of 180-500 m. Flowering: January, August, September and November; fruiting: May, July and August. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary and secondary tropical lowland and upland forest, on brown and red latosols. At elevations of 180-500 m. Flowering: January, August, September and November; fruiting: May, July and August. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Peru: Tortuga ( -McDaniel et al. 2570 +McDaniel et al. 2570 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma pendulum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma pendulum can be distinguished by its long thin pedicel in combination with the shape of the small flower buds which remain closed throughout development: it differs from - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense in the greater length of pedicel and from - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum in the depressed ovoid rather than triangular flower bud. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma pendulum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma pendulum has an EOO that exceeds the minimum for Vulnerable status, but a low AOO representing relatively sparse distribution across the range (albeit some in protected areas). Near Threatened [NT] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - - + +Selected specimens examined. + + PERU. -Huanuco +Huanuco : Pucallpa, western Sira mountain, -9°27'S +9°27'S , -74°46'W +74°46'W , 500 m a.s.l., 9 Aug 1988, -Morawetz +Morawetz & - -Wallnoefer + +Wallnoefer 13 9888 (U). -Pasco +Pasco : -Palcazu +Palcazu , Iscozacin, -10°12'S +10°12'S , -75°15'W +75°15'W , 380 m a.s.l., 24 Jan 1984, -R.B. Foster 9482 +R.B. Foster 9482 (F, MO, NY, U, USM); -Palcazu +Palcazu , -Rio +Rio Iscozacin, Ozuz to -Rio +Rio Lobo, -10°19'S +10°19'S , -75°16'W +75°16'W , 400-500 m a.s.l., 10 May 1985, -R.B. Foster +R.B. Foster & -Achille 10008 +Achille 10008 (F, LPB, MOL, U, USM); Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillen, -10°19'20"S +10°19'20"S , -75°15'56"W +75°15'56"W , 368 m a.s.l., 8 Nov 2003, -Pirie et al. 33 +Pirie et al. 33 (HOXA, MOL, U, USM); -Palcazu +Palcazu , Ataz-Quebrada Ataz, -10°10'13"S +10°10'13"S , -75°18'55"W +75°18'55"W , 26 May 2009, -Valenzuela et al. 13014 +Valenzuela et al. 13014 (HOXA, HUT, MO, MOL, USM); -Palcazu +Palcazu , Ataz-Quebreda Ataz, -10°10'10"S +10°10'10"S , -75°18'55"W +75°18'55"W , 392 m a.s.l., 26 May 2009, -Valenzuela et al. 13016 +Valenzuela et al. 13016 (HUT, MO, MOL, USM); -Palcazu +Palcazu , Bosque de -Proteccion +Proteccion San Matias, -10°36'40"S +10°36'40"S , -75°22'29"W +75°22'29"W , 1902 m a.s.l., 13 Oct 2008, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez 34206 (MO, WAG); San Francisco de Chuchurros, -10°07'S +10°07'S , -75°13'W +75°13'W , 300 m a.s.l., 6 Jul 2003, -Van der Werff et al. 18081 +Van der Werff et al. 18081 (U). -Ucayali +Ucayali : Prov. Purus, Distr. Purus, -Rio +Rio Caranja, -10°04'S +10°04'S , -71°06'W +71°06'W , 325 m a.s.l., 22 Jul 1998, -Graham 635 +Graham 635 (F, U). - - -Map 8. + + +Map 8. Distribution of - -Cremastosperma brachypodum + +Cremastosperma brachypodum Pirie & Chatrou, - -C. pendulum + +C. pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr.; and - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense Pirie. - - -Figure 39. - -Cremastosperma pendulum + + +Figure 39. + +Cremastosperma pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower bud ( -a - +a + Foster & -d'Achille +d'Achille 10008 -b -Foster 9842 +b +Foster 9842 ). diff --git a/data/47/7E/FA/477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E.xml b/data/47/7E/FA/477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E.xml index 4f85ccfb6db..34f07bd8966 100644 --- a/data/47/7E/FA/477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E.xml +++ b/data/47/7E/FA/477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E.xml @@ -1,281 +1,281 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 15. -Cremastosperma longicuspe R.E.Fr. -Fig. 24 -, Map 5 +Cremastosperma longicuspe R.E.Fr. +Fig. 24 +, Map 5 - - -Cremastosperma longicuspe + + +Cremastosperma longicuspe R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 203. 1934. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Loreto: Maynas, anno 1831. -Poeppig, E.F. s.n. +Poeppig, E.F. s.n. (lectotype (designated in Pirie, Kankainen & Maas, 2005): LE; isotype: S! [S-R-6962]). - - -Cremastosperma killipii + + +Cremastosperma killipii R.E.Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24: 3, pl. 1 a-b. 1948. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Loreto: Yurimaguas, lower -Rio +Rio Huallaga, 135 m a.s.l., Aug-Sep 1929, -Killip, E.P. & Smith, A.C 29020 +Killip, E.P. & Smith, A.C 29020 (holotype: US! [US00104264], isotype: S! [S-R-6961]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub 1.5-20 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed whitish or golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 4-14 by 1-3 mm; lamina elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 10-27 by 3-11 cm (index 1.5-5), chartaceous, green or greyish-green above, green or brownish-green below, glabrous above, very sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long particularly on veins below, base acute, rarely obtuse, apex caudate (cusp 20-35 mm long), primary vein 1-2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7-15, intersecondary veins 0 --1(- +-1(- 4), distance between from 7-15 mm at the base to 9-18 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60-80° at the base to 40-50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers solitary (or clustered in groups of 2), on leafy twigs; peduncles 2-5 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 4-10 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; pedicels 10-14 by 1-1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 11-20 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long or glabrous; 2 lower bracts of unequal dimensions, basal lower bract deltate, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, acute, soon falling off, apical lower bract narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.5 by 0.5 mm, rounded, soon falling off, lower bracts sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; upper bract attached near base or midway along pedicel, ovate, ca. 2 by ca. 1 mm, acute, sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds not seen, buds opening loosely in development; flowers yellowish -in vivo +in vivo , brown -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals free, deltate, appressed or recurved, 3-4 by 3-4 mm, acute, soon falling off, sepals and petals glabrous; outer petals broadly elliptic, 10-12 by 9-12 mm, inner petals broadly elliptic, ca. 11 by 10 mm; androecium not seen; gynoecium not seen. -Monocarps +Monocarps 6 --13(- +-13(- 36), ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 12-13 by 8-10 mm, white, red, deep red or deep purple -in vivo +in vivo , reddish-brown to dark brown or black -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule when unripe; stipes 10-19 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4 --5(- +-5(- 9) mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, orange or reddish-brown, 8-9 by 5-6 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Ecuador (Napo); Peru (Loreto, San -Martin +Martin ), most collections found in the basin of the -Rio +Rio Huallaga. - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary tropical wet forest, on sandy or white sand soil. At elevations of 140-200 m. Flowering: August-October; fruiting: February-June, August, September and November. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary tropical wet forest, on sandy or white sand soil. At elevations of 140-200 m. Flowering: August-October; fruiting: February-June, August, September and November. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Ecuador: Moncapatahue (Huaorani; -M. Aulestia & Gonti 2072 +M. Aulestia & Gonti 2072 ). Peru: Anonilla ( - + J. -Ruiz +Ruiz et al. 1748 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma longicuspe + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma longicuspe most closely resembles - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes , particularly in the shape of the leaf. However, in contrast to - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes , the fruits and flowers are glabrous. From the limited material available, the flower buds appear to be loosely, rather than widely open. In describing - -C. killipii + +C. killipii , -Fries (1948) +Fries (1948) noted its similarity to - -C. longicuspe + +C. longicuspe . The leaves of the type specimen of - -C. killipii + +C. killipii are unusually broad, but leaf and other characters otherwise fall within the variation found in - -C. longicuspe + +C. longicuspe , including the notable caudate apex. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma longicuspe + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma longicuspe is known from a scattering of collections across a reasonably wide area; none within protected areas and with no new collections of the species since September 2000. Given the low AOO and ongoing decline in habitats in the region, it is assigned: Vulnerable [VU] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected Specimens Examined. - -ECUADOR. Napo + +Selected Specimens Examined. + +ECUADOR. Napo : Reserva Etnica Huaorani, -0°55'S +0°55'S , -76°09'W +76°09'W , 250 m a.s.l., 20 Mar 1994, -Aulestia +Aulestia & -Gonti 2072 +Gonti 2072 (QCNE, U). -PERU. Loreto +PERU. Loreto : -Rio +Rio Huasaga, -3°20'S +3°20'S , -76°20'W +76°20'W , 185 m a.s.l., -Lewis et al. 11166 +Lewis et al. 11166 (USM); Puranchim, -Rio +Rio Sinchiyacu, -2°50'S +2°50'S , -76°55'W +76°55'W , 200 m a.s.l., 21 Nov 1986, -Lewis 12186 +Lewis 12186 (MO, USM); Andoas, -2°55'S +2°55'S , -76°25'W +76°25'W , 180 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1983, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 4559 +N. Jaramillo 4559 (MO, U). - + San -Martin +Martin : Santa Rosa de Davidcillo, Tarapoto-Yurimaguas road, -6°16'S +6°16'S , -76°17'W +76°17'W , 200 m a.s.l., 22 Apr 1986, -Knapp +Knapp & -Mallet 7178 +Mallet 7178 (F, U, USM); Shapaja-Chazuta road, -Rio +Rio Huallaga, -6°36'S +6°36'S , -76°10'W +76°10'W , 250-300 m a.s.l., 4 Aug 1986, -Knapp 7864 +Knapp 7864 (F, MO, NY, U, USM); Tarapoto-Yurimaguas Road, km 46, -6°24'S +6°24'S , -76°18'W +76°18'W , 350 m a.s.l., 30 Aug 1986, -Knapp +Knapp & -Mallet 8203 +Mallet 8203 (USM). - - -Figure 24. - -Cremastosperma longicuspe + + +Figure 24. + +Cremastosperma longicuspe R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower ( -a -van der Werff 10161 -b -Poeppig s.n. +a +van der Werff 10161 +b +Poeppig s.n. ). diff --git a/data/47/D5/14/47D51406B35047C518D7CEED2D8B2CC7.xml b/data/47/D5/14/47D51406B35047C518D7CEED2D8B2CC7.xml index fc01f26d77d..14c9691076d 100644 --- a/data/47/D5/14/47D51406B35047C518D7CEED2D8B2CC7.xml +++ b/data/47/D5/14/47D51406B35047C518D7CEED2D8B2CC7.xml @@ -1,206 +1,206 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 16. -Cremastosperma longipes Pirie -Fig. 25 -, Map 2 +Cremastosperma longipes Pirie +Fig. 25 +, Map 2 - - -Cremastosperma longipes + + +Cremastosperma longipes Pirie, Blumea 50: 51, f. 5. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA, -Choco +Choco : San -Jose +Jose del Palmar, mouth of -Rio +Rio Torito (tributary of -Rio -Habita +Rio +Habita ), west slope, 3 Mar 1980, -Forero, E. et al. 6576 +Forero, E. et al. 6576 (holotype: COL! [COL000334460]; isotype: MO! [MO-047638]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 4.5-15 m tall; young twigs and petioles black, verrucose, sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 10-15 mm long, 2.5-7 mm diam.; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 35-60 by 10-25 cm (leaf index 2.3-3), chartacous to subcoriacous, olive/dark brown above, lighter below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long on veins below (densely so developing leaves), base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10-15 mm long), primary vein deeply grooved in basal half, 2-6 mm wide at widest point; secondary veins 10-16, intersecondary veins rare, distance between from 10 mm at the base to 80 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein 45° at the base to 60-70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops in the apical half to third of the leaf, smallest distance between loops and margin 3-4 mm; tertiary veins mainly percurrent. -Inflorescences +Inflorescences of single, pendulous flowers, produced from leafless branches; peduncles 5-8 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), ca. 4 by 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 90 (less mature) - 210 by 1 mm at the base, 1.5 at the apex (in flower), ca. 240 by 2 mm at the base, 3 mm at the apex (in fruit); peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; single lower bract, broadly elliptic, 1-2 by ca. 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; upper bract attached on lower half of pedicel, elliptic, 1.5-3 by ca. 1 mm, acute, densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; closed flower buds not seen; flowers green (immature) -in vivo +in vivo , medium brown -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals free, triangular to broadly trullate, appressed, 3-4.5 mm long, acute, soon falling off, rather densely to densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; outer petals elliptic, ca. 22 by 12 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 22 by 6 mm, sparsely to rather densely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long; stamens ca. 1.2 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide. -Monocarps +Monocarps ca. 20, black -in sicco +in sicco , ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, ca. 20 by 12 mm, without an apicule; stipes ca. 25 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle ovoid, 8 mm diam.; monocarps and stipes glabrous, receptacle sparsely covered with white-golden appressed hairs ca. 0.4 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, 18-20 by 8-9 mm, orange/brown, with many shallow pits, raphe slightly raised, encircling seed longitudinally. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Pacific coast of Colombia ( -Choco +Choco , Riseralda) and Ecuador (Esmeraldas). - -Habitat and ecology. -Humid lowland to premontane forest. At elevations of 280-1400 m. Flowering: January and March; fruiting: September. + +Habitat and ecology. +Humid lowland to premontane forest. At elevations of 280-1400 m. Flowering: January and March; fruiting: September. - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma longipes + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma longipes can easily be distinguished from most other species of the genus by the exceptional length of the pedicel, after which the species is named. The flowers and fruits of most species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma are borne on pedicels less than 50 mm long, with rare exceptions such as - -C. pedunculatum + +C. pedunculatum and - -C. bullatum + +C. bullatum never exceeding 150 mm in length, significantly shorter than those of - -C. longipes + +C. longipes . The only species with pedicels of a comparable length is the newly described - -C. dolichopodum + +C. dolichopodum , which differs from - -C. longipes + +C. longipes in the lack of indument on the flowers and receptacle. In addition, leaves of - -C. longipes + +C. longipes are unusually large, equalling the maximum dimensions observed in - -C. megalophyllum + +C. megalophyllum , a more densely collected species from Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma longipes + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma longipes is only known from three collections from widely spaced localities outside of protected areas. Vulnerable [VU] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Other specimens examined. - -COLOMBIA. Riseralda + +Other specimens examined. + +COLOMBIA. Riseralda : Geguadas-Puerto de Oro road, 800-1400 m a.s.l., 13 Sep 1991, - + J.L. -Fernandez +Fernandez et al. 8872 (COL). -ECUADOR. Esmeraldas +ECUADOR. Esmeraldas : Fila de Bilsa, -0°37'N +0°37'N , -79°51'W +79°51'W , 280 m a.s.l., 30 Jan 1991, -Gentry et al. 72995 +Gentry et al. 72995 (F, MO). - - -Figure 25. - -Cremastosperma longipes + + +Figure 25. + +Cremastosperma longipes Pirie. -a +a monocarp (with stipe) and seeds -b +b leaf, flower and flower bud ( -a - -Fernandez +a + +Fernandez 8872 -b -Forero et al. 6576 +b +Forero et al. 6576 ). diff --git a/data/57/B4/E0/57B4E04EE8D236A5A6613BD073E51E88.xml b/data/57/B4/E0/57B4E04EE8D236A5A6613BD073E51E88.xml index c37519752bb..cce19390b7a 100644 --- a/data/57/B4/E0/57B4E04EE8D236A5A6613BD073E51E88.xml +++ b/data/57/B4/E0/57B4E04EE8D236A5A6613BD073E51E88.xml @@ -1,172 +1,172 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 4. -Cremastosperma brachypodum Pirie & Chatrou -sp. nov. -Fig. 11 -, Map 8 +Cremastosperma brachypodum Pirie & Chatrou +sp. nov. +Fig. 11 +, Map 8 - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + Most similar to - -C. pendulum + +C. pendulum , - -C. confusum + +C. confusum and - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum (all species also found in central and southern Peru, with glabrous flowers and fruit and smallish leaves), from which it differs in the unusually short stipes; further differs from - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum in the shape of the flower bud (depressed ovoid, compared to broadly ovoid-triangular) and from - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum and - -C. pendulum + +C. pendulum in the shorter pedicels. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, San -Martin +Martin : Huinguillo, 3 Mar 1962, -Woytkowski, F. 7128 +Woytkowski, F. 7128 (holotype: MO! [MO-047731]; isotypes: GH, UC). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree ca. 8 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 4-7 by 1-2 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate, 11-17 by 4.5-7 cm (leaf index 2.3-2.4), chartaceous, olive green, more greyish above, glabrous, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 8-10 mm long), primary vein raised over entire leaf length, ca. 1 mm wide at widest point, glabrous, secondary veins 5-6, intersecondary veins ca. 1-2, distance between varying along length (15 mm to ca. 25 mm), angles with primary vein from ca.70° at the base to ca.60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 3-4 mm, tertiary veins reticulate. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, axillary; short axillary shoot, ca. 1 by 0.5 mm (in flower), ca. 2 by 1 mm (in fruit); pedicels 21-28 by 1 mm at the base, 2.5 mm at the apex (in flower), ca. 44 by 1-3 mm at the base, ca. 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), short axillary shoot and pedicels glabrous; 2 lower bracts, soon falling off; upper bract attached at between one third and half of the pedicel length, deltate, ca. 1 mm long by ca. 1 mm diam., apex rounded, ciliate; closed flower buds depressed ovoid; flowers creamy white -in vivo +in vivo , dark brown -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals connate for ca. 1 mm, deltate, somewhat recurved, 2-2.5 by 2.5-3 mm, rounded, persistent, glabrous; outer petals ovate, 11-13 by 8-9 mm, inner petals elliptic to ovate, 8-12 by 4-5 mm, glabrous, ciliate; receptacle ovoid, apex concave; androecium ca. 3 mm diam., stamens ca. 100, 1.5-2 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels ca. 15, glabrous. -Monocarps +Monocarps ca. 13, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 7-9 by 6-7 mm, without apicule, blackish-brown -in sicco +in sicco ; stipes ca. 2 by ca. 2 mm; fruiting receptacle elipsoid, 6 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds not seen. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Peru (San -Martin +Martin ). - -Habitat and ecology. -Forest. At an elevation of ca. 500 m. Flowering and fruiting: March. + +Habitat and ecology. +Forest. At an elevation of ca. 500 m. Flowering and fruiting: March. - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma brachypodum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma brachypodum , known only from the type, is distinctive within - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma due to the unusual shortness of the stipes, but otherwise typical of species of the southern/montane clade in the absence of indument on all parts. - -Etymology. - + +Etymology. + The specific epithet " - -brachypodum + +brachypodum " is derived from the Greek brachy (short) and podum (-stalked), referring to the short stipes. - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + This new species is only known from a single collection dating back to 1962 in a non-protected, rural area. Critically endangered [CR] (Table -1 +1 ). - - -Figure 11. - -Cremastosperma brachypodum + + +Figure 11. + +Cremastosperma brachypodum Pirie & Chatrou. Flowering and fruiting specimen ( -Woytkowski 7128 +Woytkowski 7128 ). diff --git a/data/5D/4B/4A/5D4B4AC98C24E1BA5196D3AC482DD249.xml b/data/5D/4B/4A/5D4B4AC98C24E1BA5196D3AC482DD249.xml index d9059bdcbb7..dca461286a4 100644 --- a/data/5D/4B/4A/5D4B4AC98C24E1BA5196D3AC482DD249.xml +++ b/data/5D/4B/4A/5D4B4AC98C24E1BA5196D3AC482DD249.xml @@ -1,244 +1,244 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 6. -Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie -Figs 12 -, 13 -, Map 5 +Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie +Figs 12 +, 13 +, Map 5 - - -Cremastosperma bullatum + + +Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie, Arnaldoa 11: 8 f. 2, 3-5. 2004. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Amazonas: Bagua, Distr. Imaza, community Yamayakat, trail to Putuim, 360 m a.s.l., 22 Nov 2003, -Pirie, M.D. et al. 71 +Pirie, M.D. et al. 71 (holotype: U! [two sheets U0121238, U0121239]; isotypes: AAU!, AMAZ!, CUZ!, E! [E00268265], F! [V0047939F], HAO!, HUT!, K! [K000580475], MO! [MO-1459050], MOL!, NY! [NY00689082], US! [US00901687], USM! [USM000035], WU! [WU0038419]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 2-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 3-7 mm by 2.5-3 mm; lamina elliptic or narrowly so to slightly obovate, 17-28 by 6-11 cm (index 2.4-3.5), chartaceous, mid-brown, occasionally slightly grey above (immature leaves drying black), sparsely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long or glabrous above, densely so on edge of lamina and on all veins below, base rounded to subcordate, apex acuminate (acumen 5-20 mm long), primary, secondary and tertiary veins sunken in depressions in leaf surface, primary vein 1.5-2 mm wide at widest point, densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long above and below, secondary veins 15-20 (intersecondary veins rare), distance between from 6 mm at the base to 16 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein consistently around 60-70°, occasionally branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-1.5 mm; tertiary veins mostly percurrent. -Inflorescences +Inflorescences of single, successively produced, flowers, axillary on leafy branches, on leafless branches and produced from the main trunk (then on brachyblasts); peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long, peduncles 17-20 by 1-1.5 mm (in flower), 18-25 by 1.5 mm (in fruit); pedicels up to 120 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 110-150 by 1.5 mm (in fruit); bracts densely covered with mainly erect golden hairs up to 1 mm long, single lower bract, elliptic to ovate, ca. 2.5 by 1 mm, acute, persistent or falling off; upper bract within central third of pedicel length, elliptic to ovate, 2-3 by 1-2 mm, acute; flower buds depressed ovoid, developing to ovoid before opening; flowers green, maturing to yellow with a basal orange patch on the outside of the outer petals -in vivo +in vivo , golden brown -in sicco +in sicco , outer sides and apical portion of the inner sides of petals and outer sides of sepals densely covered in appressed golden hairs up to 1 mm long, inner sides otherwise glabrous; sepals basally connate, deltate, 5-7 by 6 mm, acute, soon falling off, outer petals broadly ovate, ca. 18 by 15 mm, inner petals ovate, concave, ca. 25 by 12 mm; androecium ca. 5 mm diam., stamens 1-1.5 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.5 mm wide; gynoecium [ca. 2.5] mm diam., glabrous. Monocarps 8-10, dark brown -in sicco +in sicco , ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, ca. 15 by 11 mm, often with an excentric apicule; stipes 14-16 by 1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 5-6 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to moderately densely covered with erect golden hairs up to 0.2 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, ca.13 by 10 mm, raphe raised, regular. - -Distribution. -Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) and Peru (Amazonas). + +Distribution. +Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) and Peru (Amazonas). - -Habitat and Ecology. -Primary forest, on red clay. At elevations of 300-500 m. Flowering: February and November; fruiting: November and June. + +Habitat and Ecology. +Primary forest, on red clay. At elevations of 300-500 m. Flowering: February and November; fruiting: November and June. - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma bullatum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma bullatum can easily be distinguished from all other species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma by any one of the number of unique and striking characteristics it displays. The leaf blade has a corrugated (bullate) appearance, both in the field and when pressed, which is due to the deeply sunken nature of the primary, secondary and tertiary venation. The indument present on many of its parts is far longer than in any other species in the genus and, also uniquely in the genus, densely inserted in a halo-like formation around the leaf margin. Other notable characteristics are the unusually long pedicel, the orange colouring of the base of the outer petals of mature flowers, the inner petals considerably longer than the outer petals and the rounded to subcordate shape of the leaf base. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma bullatum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma bullatum is known from a small number of locations, within a limited area of northern Peru and adjacent Ecuador outside of protected areas. Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected Specimens Examined. - -ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago + +Selected Specimens Examined. + +ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago : -Region +Region de la Cordillera del -Condor +Condor , -3°05'13"S +3°05'13"S , -78°04'23"W +78°04'23"W , 380 m a.s.l., 1 Jun 2006, -Wisum +Wisum & -Kajekai 446 +Kajekai 446 (US). -PERU. Amazonas +PERU. Amazonas : Bagua, Yamayakat, -4°55'S +4°55'S , -78°19'W +78°19'W , 320 m a.s.l., 20 Jan 1996, -Jaramillo et al. 942 +Jaramillo et al. 942 (MO, U); Bagua, Yamayakat, trail to Putuim, -5°03'09"S +5°03'09"S , -78°20'58"W +78°20'58"W , 343 m a.s.l., 22 Nov 2003, -Pirie et al. 66 +Pirie et al. 66 (HAO, U, USM); Bagua, Putuim, -5°01'44"S +5°01'44"S , -78°22'43"W +78°22'43"W , 339-359 m a.s.l., 25 Nov 2003, -Pirie et al. 94 +Pirie et al. 94 (AMAZ, CUZ, HAO, HUT, MO, U, USM). - - -Map 5. + + +Map 5. Distribution of - -Cremastosperma bullatum + +Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie; - -C. cauliflorum + +C. cauliflorum R.E.Fr.; - -C. cenepense + +C. cenepense Pirie & Zapata; and - -C. longicuspe + +C. longicuspe R.E.Fr. - - -Figure 13. - -a-b + + +Figure 13. + +a-b - -Cremastosperma brevipes + +Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. -a +a flowers ( -Maas et al. 8064 +Maas et al. 8064 ; photo PJMM) -b +b fruit ( -Mori et al 22721 +Mori et al 22721 ; photo Scott Mori) - -c-e + +c-e - -C. bullatum + +C. bullatum Pirie -c, e +c, e Flowering specimen ( -Pirie et al. 94 +Pirie et al. 94 ; photos -c +c MDP -e +e Robin van Velzen) -d +d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) -f, g - -C. cauliflorum +f, g + +C. cauliflorum R.E.Fr. Flowering specimens ( -f -Maas et al. 9029 +f +Maas et al. 9029 , photo PJMM -g -Chatrou et al. 224 +g +Chatrou et al. 224 , photo LWC) - -h-j + +h-j - -C. dolichocarpum + +C. dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen ( -Pedraza et al. 2146 +Pedraza et al. 2146 ; photos: -Maria +Maria F. -Gonzalez +Gonzalez ). diff --git a/data/66/FD/78/66FD78AD5756BF2772DC641722DAD2A8.xml b/data/66/FD/78/66FD78AD5756BF2772DC641722DAD2A8.xml index dfb2e34ffa2..0d106c8a120 100644 --- a/data/66/FD/78/66FD78AD5756BF2772DC641722DAD2A8.xml +++ b/data/66/FD/78/66FD78AD5756BF2772DC641722DAD2A8.xml @@ -1,167 +1,167 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 9. -Cremastosperma chococola Pirie -Fig. 17 -, Map 2 +Cremastosperma chococola Pirie +Fig. 17 +, Map 2 - - -Cremastosperma chococola + + +Cremastosperma chococola Pirie, Blumea 50: 47, f. 3. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA, -Choco +Choco : Alto de Buey, 500-1200 m a.s.l., 8 Jan 1973, -Gentry, A.H. & Forero, E. 7286 +Gentry, A.H. & Forero, E. 7286 (holotype: MO! [MO-047629]; isotype: COL! [COL000214771]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree ca. 5 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 5-8 by 1.5-2 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic, 11-20 by 4-5.5 cm (index 3.7-4), chartaceous, dark/olive brown, shiny above, lighter pinkish-brown, matt below, glabrous above and below, base acute to cuneate, apex acuminate (acumen 7-10 mm long), primary vein ca. 1 mm wide at widest point, verrucose below, secondary veins 8-10, no intersecondary veins, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from ca. 60° at the base to 60-70° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2.5-3.5 mm, tertiary veins reticulate. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of at least two, on brachyblasts on the main trunk; peduncles, 2-3 by 1-1.5 mm (in fruit); pedicels 38-42 by 1 mm at the base, 1 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels glabrous; lower bract(s) not observed; upper bract attached within basal half of pedicel, ovate, ca. 1 by 0.7 mm, obtuse, glabrous; flowers not observed. -Monocarps +Monocarps 10-13, ellipsoid, strongly asymmetrical (stipes inserted within basal half of longest axis), 13-14 by 10-11 mm, with an excentric, to 0.2 mm long, apicule, green maturing through red to dark blue -in vivo +in vivo , dark brown -in sicco +in sicco ; stipes 15-18 by ca. 1 mm increasing to 1.5 diam. when mature; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4-5 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, pitted, 9-11 by 6-8 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Pacific coast of Colombia ( -Choco +Choco ). - -Habitat and Ecology. -Tropical wet forest. At elevations of 0-1200 m. Flowering: not recorded; fruiting: January and June. + +Habitat and Ecology. +Tropical wet forest. At elevations of 0-1200 m. Flowering: not recorded; fruiting: January and June. - -Notes. - + +Notes. + The strongly asymmetric monocarps of - -Cremastosperma chococola + +Cremastosperma chococola resemble those of - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense : see above for distinctions. - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + Only three collections of - -C. chococola + +C. chococola are known to us, from different localities but within a restricted region and only one of which is in a protected area. Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Other specimens examined. - - + +Other specimens examined. + + COLOMBIA. -Choco +Choco : Punta Lanas, 1 September 1989, -Espina et al. 3188 +Espina et al. 3188 (HUA, MO); Parque Nacional -Utria +Utria , -6°20'N +6°20'N , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 0-100 m a.s.l., 5 Jun 1990, - + F. -Garcia +Garcia & -Agualimpia 390 +Agualimpia 390 (MO). - - -Figure 17. - -Cremastosperma chococola + + +Figure 17. + +Cremastosperma chococola Pirie. -a +a leaf and fruit ( -Gentry & Forero 7286 +Gentry & Forero 7286 ). diff --git a/data/67/DD/A7/67DDA7EB81BD85A35E7A490D63AA4955.xml b/data/67/DD/A7/67DDA7EB81BD85A35E7A490D63AA4955.xml index 5e890375643..0c368ff63d7 100644 --- a/data/67/DD/A7/67DDA7EB81BD85A35E7A490D63AA4955.xml +++ b/data/67/DD/A7/67DDA7EB81BD85A35E7A490D63AA4955.xml @@ -1,643 +1,643 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 19. -Cremastosperma megalophyllum R.E.Fr. -Figs 2a -, 23 -, 28 -, Map 7 +Cremastosperma megalophyllum R.E.Fr. +Figs 2a +, 23 +, 28 +, Map 7 - - -Cremastosperma megalophyllum + + +Cremastosperma megalophyllum R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 329. 1931. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Loreto: Boca de Pebas, 23 Oct 1927, -Ducke, A. RB19620 +Ducke, A. RB19620 (holotype: S! [S-R-6963]; isotypes: B! [B 10 0242368], RB! [RB00534080, RB00534176]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub 3-15 m tall, 2 --15(- +-15(- 35) cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 5-22 by 1.5-9 mm; lamina obovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 13-57 by 3-26 cm (index 2-5.1), chartaceous to coriaceous, shiny on both sides, secondary veins often impressed above (giving slightly bullate appearance), (dark) greyish-green or brown above, more brown or green below, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, rarely acute or decurrent, apex acuminate (acumen (5-)10-30 mm long), primary vein conspicuously grooved in basal half, 1-5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (5 --)8- +-)8- 21, intersecondary veins often 1 --2(- +-2(- 3), distance between from 5-25 mm at the base to 9 --35(- +-35(- 43) mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from (30 --)45-70(- +-)45-70(- 80)° at the base to (30 --)40- +-)40- 75° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 3, on leafy or leafless twigs or on the main trunk; short axillary shoot, 4 --7(- +-7(- 8) by 0.7-1 mm (in flower), 4-10 by 1.5-4 mm (in fruit), glabrous or sparsely covered with whitish appressed hairs to 0.1 mm long; pedicels 10 --20(- +-20(- 32) by ca. 1 mm at the base, up to 2(-2.5) mm at the apex (in flower), 15 --30(- +-30(- 40) by 1.5-3 mm at the base, up to 4 mm at the apex (in fruit), glabrous; 3 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 by 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely covered with whitish appressed hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; upper bract attached in apical half of pedicel, broadly ovate, 1-3 by 1-2 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green maturing to yellow -in vivo +in vivo , black -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free or connate for 1 mm, broadly ovate to triangular, appressed, open and conspicuous whilst petals still closed in young buds, 4-6 by 4-6 mm, obtuse to acute, sometimes briefly or partly persistent; outer petals broadly elliptic, 11-18 by 9-15 mm, obtuse, inner petals obovate, 10-16 by 5-7 mm, obtuse; androecium diam. unknown, stamens 1.3-1.8 mm long, connective appendage 0.7-1 mm wide; gynoecium diam. unknown, carpels 1.5-2 mm long. -Monocarps +Monocarps 6-32, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, (slightly) asymmetrical, 12-20 by 9-14 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange, purple and black -in vivo +in vivo , reddish or dark brown or black -in sicco +in sicco , often with an excentric apicule; stipes 10-30 by 1-2 mm; fruiting receptacle 3-12 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds broadly ellipsoid, reddish-orange, pitted, ca. 12 by 9-10 mm, raphe raised (more so when seeds immature), regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Amazonian Colombia ( -Caqueta +Caqueta , Putamayo), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, -Sucumbios +Sucumbios , Zamora-Chinchipe) and Peru (Amazonas, Loreto). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary and secondary premontane or lowland rainforest, sometimes inundated, on red (oxisols/lateritic) or sometimes volcanic soils. At elevations of 100-1200 m. Flowering: April-June, September-January; fruiting: throughout the year. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary and secondary premontane or lowland rainforest, sometimes inundated, on red (oxisols/lateritic) or sometimes volcanic soils. At elevations of 100-1200 m. Flowering: April-June, September-January; fruiting: throughout the year. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Ecuador: Ayacara (Quichua; -A. Alvarado 298 +A. Alvarado 298 ), Cucha casa caspi ( -Hurtado 3005 +Hurtado 3005 ), Caramoyu ( -Whitmore 854 +Whitmore 854 ), Ichilla cara caspi (small bark tree; -D. Irvine 374 +D. Irvine 374 ), Lynshtimoia (Quechna; -Whitmore 717 +Whitmore 717 ), Mandachi (Shuar; -W. Palacios 10278 +W. Palacios 10278 ), -Onetahue +Onetahue (the plant itself), -Onetahuemo +Onetahuemo (the fruit) (Huaorani; -J.S. Miller et al. 794 +J.S. Miller et al. 794 ), Tara caspi (Quichua; -Grijalva & Grefa 305 +Grijalva & Grefa 305 ) or -T'zinytala +T'zinytala (Quichua; -W. Palacios 10278 +W. Palacios 10278 ). Peru: Bara ( -Rimachi Y. 1027 +Rimachi Y. 1027 ). - -Notes. - + +Notes. + Despite its name, the size of leaves of - -Cremastosperma megalophyllum + +Cremastosperma megalophyllum varies from large to relatively small with respect to those of other species of the genus. This variation is also apparent in the size of the fruits, which are similar to those of - -C. napoense + +C. napoense , but which in contrast are never borne on a branching inflorescence. - -C. megalophyllum + +C. megalophyllum is best distinguished by the shape of the glabrous, black-drying flowers: the large sepals open earlier and to a greater extent than the petals (in contrast to those of - -C. napoense + +C. napoense , bud development of which is open from an early stage and the lighter colour (particularly of the pedicel) of which indicates the presence of indument). - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma megalophyllum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma megalophyllum is one of the more widespread and abundant species of the genus, including occurrences in protected areas in Ecuador. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - - + +Selected specimens examined. + + COLOMBIA. -Caqueta +Caqueta : Mocoa, -2°00'N +2°00'N , -76°00'W +76°00'W , 4 May 1899, -Sprague 351 +Sprague 351 (K). -ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago +ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago : -Mision +Mision Salesiana-Shuar, -3°25'S +3°25'S , -78°35'W +78°35'W , 800 m a.s.l., 8 Jun 1986, -Zaruma +Zaruma & -Arguello 518 +Arguello 518 (MO, U). -Napo +Napo : -Yasuni +Yasuni Forest Reserve, -0°40'S +0°40'S , -76°22'W +76°22'W , 200 m a.s.l., 25 Jun 1995, - -Acevedo-Rodriguez + +Acevedo-Rodriguez et al. 7523 (US); -Hollin-Loreto +Hollin-Loreto road, foothills of -Volcan +Volcan Sumaco, -0°44'S +0°44'S , -77°28'W +77°28'W , 600 m a.s.l., 26 Jun 1989, -Alvarado 298 +Alvarado 298 (AAU, GB, MO, NY, U); San Pablo de Los Secoyas, -0°15'S +0°15'S , -76°21'W +76°21'W , 300 m a.s.l., 6 Aug 1980, -Brandbyge et al. 32566 +Brandbyge et al. 32566 (AAU, U); Dureno, Comunidad Indigena Cofan, -0°02'S +0°02'S , -76°42'W +76°42'W , 350 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1986, - -Ceron + +Ceron 404 (AAU, MO, U); Reserva -Biologica +Biologica Jatun Sacha, -1°04'S +1°04'S , -77°36'W +77°36'W , 450 m a.s.l., 17 Jan 1987, - -Ceron + +Ceron 612 (MO, QAME, U); Galeras Cordillera, E of -Rio +Rio Pusuno, -0°52'55"S +0°52'55"S , -77°34'15"W +77°34'15"W , 900-1200 m a.s.l., 19 Jun 2009, -Couvreur et al. 130 +Couvreur et al. 130 (L); La Joya de los Sachas, -0°25'S +0°25'S , -76°37'W +76°37'W , 220 m a.s.l., 23 Nov 1992, -A. Grijalva +A. Grijalva & -Grefa 305 +Grefa 305 (U); -Rio +Rio Suno, W of -Rio +Rio Napo, -0°42'S +0°42'S , -77°10'W +77°10'W , 400 m a.s.l., 23 Jun 1968, -Holm-Nielsen et al. 903 +Holm-Nielsen et al. 903 (AAU); San -Jose +Jose de Payamino, 40 km W of Coca, -0°30'S +0°30'S , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 300-600 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1983, -Irvine 374 +Irvine 374 (F); Reserva Etnica Huaorani, -0°39'45"S +0°39'45"S , -76°40'00"W +76°40'00"W , 300 m a.s.l., -Naranjo +Naranjo & -B. Freire 399 +B. Freire 399 (MO); -Canon +Canon de los Monos, 15 km N of Coca, -0°20'S +0°20'S , -77°01'W +77°01'W , 250 m a.s.l., 5 Apr 1985, -Neill et al. 6359 +Neill et al. 6359 (MO, QAME, U); Coca-Loreto road. 10 km W of -Rio +Rio Payamino, -0°35'S +0°35'S , -77°10'W +77°10'W , 275 m a.s.l., 10 Oct 1987, -Neill et al. 7883 +Neill et al. 7883 (MO, U); INIAP-Payamino Experimental Station, -0°25'S +0°25'S , -77°10'W +77°10'W , 250 m a.s.l., 18 Nov 1991, -Neill et al. 10005 +Neill et al. 10005 (MO); Coca-Loreto road, 8 km after Loreto, -0°35'S +0°35'S , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 800 m a.s.l., 8 Jun 1987, -Palacios 1620 +Palacios 1620 (MO, U); -Rio +Rio Payamino, road to Loreto, -0°26'S +0°26'S , -77°06'W +77°06'W , 300 m a.s.l., 15 Dec 1987, -Palacios 2311 +Palacios 2311 (MO, U); Puerto de -Misahualli +Misahualli , -1°04'S +1°04'S , -77°37'W +77°37'W , 450 m a.s.l., 7 Sep 1988, -Palacios 2937 +Palacios 2937 (U); El Chuncho Floristic Reserve, -0°25'S +0°25'S , -77°01'W +77°01'W , 250 m a.s.l., 23 May 1993, -Palacios 10663 +Palacios 10663 (U); Via Los Zorros, Sol Naciente, -0°40'S +0°40'S , -77°07'W +77°07'W , 250 m a.s.l., Aug 1993, -Palacios 11016 +Palacios 11016 (U); -Rio +Rio Napo, 20 km W of Coca, -0°35'S +0°35'S , -77°03'W +77°03'W , 300 m a.s.l., 22 Apr 1985, -Stein et al. 2577 +Stein et al. 2577 (AAU, MO, NY, U); -Rio +Rio Tutapishco, -0°36'S +0°36'S , -77°22'W +77°22'W , 480 m a.s.l., 27 Jan 1996, -H. Vargas +H. Vargas & -Cerda 671 +Cerda 671 (U); Parque Nacional Sumaco, -0°08'S +0°08'S , -77°08'W +77°08'W , 400 m a.s.l., 30 Sep 1996, -H. Vargas +H. Vargas & -Alvarado 1025 +Alvarado 1025 (MO); -Estacion -Cientifica -Yasuni +Estacion +Cientifica +Yasuni , -0°38'S +0°38'S , -76°30'W +76°30'W , 200-300 m a.s.l., 24 Apr 2002, -Villa et al. 1499 +Villa et al. 1499 (F, U); Ridge W of Hac. Cotapino, parallel to -Rio +Rio Cotapino, -0°40'S +0°40'S , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 360 m a.s.l., 18 Oct 1960, -Whitmore 717 +Whitmore 717 (K); Payamino-Loreto road, 4-6 km from R Areas, -0°26'S +0°26'S , -77°02'W +77°02'W , 250 m a.s.l., 13 Sep 1986, -Zaruma 657 +Zaruma 657 (MO); Parque Nacional -Yasuni +Yasuni , -0°31'S +0°31'S , -76°32'W +76°32'W , 240 m a.s.l., 6 Mar 1993, -Zuleta 175 +Zuleta 175 (U). -Pastaza +Pastaza : Pozo petrolero -'Masaramu' +'Masaramu' de UNOCAL, -0°44'S +0°44'S , -76°52'W +76°52'W , 390 m a.s.l., 1 May 1990, -Espinoza 129 +Espinoza 129 (MO, NY, U); -Rio +Rio Landayacu, -1°34'S +1°34'S , -77°25'W +77°25'W , 580 m a.s.l., 25 Nov 1990, - -Gudino + +Gudino 1123 (U); Curaray, NE of Destacamento, -1°21'S +1°21'S , -76°56'W +76°56'W , 250 m a.s.l., 19 Mar 1980, -Holm-Nielsen 22082 +Holm-Nielsen 22082 (AAU, U); Pozo petrolero Villano 2 de ARCO, -1°25'S +1°25'S , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 400 m a.s.l., 1 Dec 1991, -F. Hurtado 3005 +F. Hurtado 3005 (U); -Rio -Tigueeno +Rio +Tigueeno , -1°16'S +1°16'S , -77°11'W +77°11'W , 200 m a.s.l., 4 Jun 1995, -J.S. Miller et al. 794 +J.S. Miller et al. 794 (U); Pozo Petrolero Villano 2, -1°29'S +1°29'S , -77°27'W +77°27'W , 500 m a.s.l., 24 Jul 1992, -Palacios 10278 +Palacios 10278 (U); -Via +Via Auca, 115 km S of Coca, 6 km S of -Rio -Tigueino +Rio +Tigueino , -1°15'S +1°15'S , -76°55'W +76°55'W , 320 m a.s.l., 31 Mar 1989, -Zak +Zak & -Rubio 4202 +Rubio 4202 (MO, U). - -Sucumbios + +Sucumbios : Rio Aguarico, Zabalo village, -0°21'24"S +0°21'24"S , -75°39'56"W +75°39'56"W , 22 Nov 1998, -Aguinda et al. 458 +Aguinda et al. 458 (F); Campo Bermejo 6 Norte, -0°14'S +0°14'S , -77°13'W +77°13'W , 1050 m a.s.l., 23 Mar 1990, - -Ceron + +Ceron et al. 9324 (U); Reserva Cuyabeno, -0°00'S +0°00'S , -76°12'W +76°12'W , 265 m a.s.l., 1 Apr 1988, -R. Valencia et al. 67352 +R. Valencia et al. 67352 (AAU, U); Dureno, -0°02'07"S +0°02'07"S , -76°45'17"W +76°45'17"W , 250 m a.s.l., 31 May 2007, -Vriesendorp 428 +Vriesendorp 428 (L). -Zamora-Chinchipe +Zamora-Chinchipe : Jamboe Bajo, -4°05'S +4°05'S , -78°55'W +78°55'W , 1100 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1996, -Clark et al. 3158 +Clark et al. 3158 (U); Cordillera del -Condor +Condor , -4°26'14"S +4°26'14"S , -78°37'12"W +78°37'12"W , 900-1400 m a.s.l., 19 Jun 2005, -Quizhpe et al. 1505 +Quizhpe et al. 1505 (MO, U). -PERU. Amazonas +PERU. Amazonas : Atalaia do Norte. -Rio +Rio Javari, -4°33'S +4°33'S , -71°40'W +71°40'W , 2 Jan 1989, -Cid Ferreira et al. 9959 +Cid Ferreira et al. 9959 (NY). -Loreto +Loreto : -Rio -Maranon +Rio +Maranon , San Rafael, -3°46'S +3°46'S , -73°03'W +73°03'W , 11 Sep 1989, -Daly et al. 6186 +Daly et al. 6186 (MO, NY, U); Alto Amazonas, -2°55'S +2°55'S , -76°25'W +76°25'W , 210 m a.s.l., 6 Jun 1981, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 1969 +N. Jaramillo 1969 (MO); Miraflores, Quebreda Tamshiyacu, -4°15'S +4°15'S , -72°40'W +72°40'W , 200 m a.s.l., 24 Feb 1986, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 7237 +N. Jaramillo 7237 (MO, U); Yanamono Explorama Reserve, -3°30'S +3°30'S , -72°50'W +72°50'W , 106 m a.s.l., 28 Sep 1988, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez 11076 (F, U); Iquitos-Nauta road, -4°30'S +4°30'S , -73°30'W +73°30'W , 130 m a.s.l., 8 Nov 1988, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 11192 (MO, U); Las Amazonas, ExplorNapo Camp, -3°15'S +3°15'S , -72°54'W +72°54'W , 140 m a.s.l., 27 Jun 1991, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 16885 (MO, U). - - -Map 7. + + +Map 7. Distribution of - -Cremastosperma megalophyllum + +Cremastosperma megalophyllum R.E.Fr.; - -C. microcarpum + +C. microcarpum R.E.Fr.; - -C. pedunculatum + +C. pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.; and - -C. peruvianum + +C. peruvianum R.E.Fr. - - -Figure 28. - -Cremastosperma megalophyllum + + +Figure 28. + +Cremastosperma megalophyllum R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower buds ( -a -Zuleta 175 -b -Palacios 3270 +a +Zuleta 175 +b +Palacios 3270 ). diff --git a/data/68/BA/76/68BA7642DD4A24BCC9D275E4D717BD64.xml b/data/68/BA/76/68BA7642DD4A24BCC9D275E4D717BD64.xml index a3e67ac6c61..543ed8539ce 100644 --- a/data/68/BA/76/68BA7642DD4A24BCC9D275E4D717BD64.xml +++ b/data/68/BA/76/68BA7642DD4A24BCC9D275E4D717BD64.xml @@ -1,716 +1,716 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 21. -Cremastosperma monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. -Figs 1c -, 23 -, 30 -, Map 4 +Cremastosperma monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. +Figs 1c +, 23 +, 30 +, Map 4 - - -Cremastosperma monospermum + + +Cremastosperma monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 193. 1931. - -Cymbopetalum monospermum + +Cymbopetalum monospermum Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 505 ( -"Symbopetalum" +"Symbopetalum" ). 1910. - -Type. - + +Type. + BOLIVIA, La Paz: San Buenaventura, 470 m a.s.l., 12 Nov 1901, -Williams, R.S. 670 +Williams, R.S. 670 (holotype: NY [NY00025876]; isotype: K! [K000485528]). - - -Cremastosperma juruense + + +Cremastosperma juruense R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 282. 1937. - -Type. - + +Type. + BRAZIL, Amazonas: Basin of Rio -Jurua +Jurua ; near mouth of Rio Embira (tributary of Rio -Tarauaca +Tarauaca ), 6 Jun 1933, -Krukoff, B.A. 4697 +Krukoff, B.A. 4697 (holotype: NY! [NY00025861]; isotype: S! [S-R-7933]). - -Cremastosperma monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. var. brachypodum + +Cremastosperma monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. var. brachypodum R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 559. 1939. - -Type. - + +Type. + BRAZIL, -Para +Para : Boa Vista on the -Tapajos +Tapajos River, 5 May 1929; -Dahlgren & Sella 162 +Dahlgren & Sella 162 (holotype: S! [S-R-7011]; isotypes: B! [B 10 0242367], F! [V0054582F]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub , 1-12 m tall, 4-10 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 5-10 by 1-3 mm; lamina obovate, elliptic or narrowly so, (8-)10-35 by 4-12 cm (index 2-3.5), chartaceous, green to brown, darker above, veins often reddish below, glabrous on both sides or rarely sparsely covered with appressed whitish to 0.4 mm long hairs on primary vein below, base acute to obtuse, rarely narrowly cuneate, mostly decurrent, apex acuminate to caudate (acumen/cusp 5-30 mm long), primary vein 1-2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 6-10, intersecondary veins 0-3, distance between from 10-18 mm at the base to 12-24 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 70-80° at the base to 40-50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-6 mm, tertiary veins mostly reticulate. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers solitary (or clustered in groups of 2), on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles 2-10 by 0.5-1 mm (in flower), 2-10 by 1.5-2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed to erect golden to 0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; pedicels 40-50(-70) by 0.5-1 mm at the base (in flower), (12-)22-73 by 1-1.5 mm (in fruit), green or reddish -in vivo +in vivo , glabrous; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 0.8 by 0.8 mm (occasionally large and leafy), obtuse, soon falling off, sparsely covered with appressed golden 0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; upper bract mostly attached around half way along pedicel, narrowly ovate or deltate, 1-2.5 by ca. 1 mm, acute, obtuse, rounded or truncate, outer side sparsely covered with appressed golden 0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; closed flower buds broadly ovoid-triangular, remaining closed (or nearly so) throughout development; flowers green, maturing to creamy yellow, yellow or orange -in vivo +in vivo , dark or reddish-brown or black -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals and petals glabrous, sepals free or connate for ca. 1 mm, broadly ovate or deltate, appressed, patent or recurved, 2-4 by 2-3 mm, acute or obtuse, mostly soon falling off; outer petals ovate, 9-14 by 6-8 mm, inner petals elliptic to ovate or narrowly so, 10-13 by 4-5 mm; androecium not seen; gynoecium not seen. -Monocarps +Monocarps 10-29, ellipsoid to broadly so, slightly asymmetrical, 9-11 by 7-8 mm, green maturing to pink, maroon, red or (blue-) black -in vivo +in vivo , brown, dark or reddish-brown or black -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes (6-)8-15 by 1 mm; fruiting receptacle 3-8 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds broadly ovoid, reddish-brown, pitted, pits appear black with raised rim, 8-10 by 6-7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando), Brazil (Acre, -Para +Para , -Rondonia +Rondonia ) and widespread across Peru. - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary and secondary lowland forest, occasionally on poorly drained soils or brown latosols. At elevations of 200-500 m. Flowering: April, July - December; fruiting: throughout the year. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary and secondary lowland forest, occasionally on poorly drained soils or brown latosols. At elevations of 200-500 m. Flowering: April, July - December; fruiting: throughout the year. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Bolivia: Yohisi (Chacobo; -Boom 5039 +Boom 5039 ), huabu midha (Bourdy 1828). Peru: Ayacbara (Schunke V. 2554). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma monospermum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma monospermum is the most widespread species of the genus - the only one found both along the eastern foothills of the Andes as far south as Bolivia and across Brazil south of the Amazon. It is best distinguished by the shape of the flower bud: roughly triangular with an obtuse apex, apparently remaining closed throughout development, with the petals not opening fully even at maturity. In most other species of the genus, including the otherwise very similar - -C. confusum + +C. confusum (see notes under that species), the flower bud opens during development. - -Cremastosperma pendulum + +Cremastosperma pendulum and - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense also exhibit glabrous, closed flower buds, but the shape of both is depressed ovoid. The latter also has a short, sturdy pedicel, very different to - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum , the flower of which is borne on a slender and often long (though rather variable) pedicel. - + The authors do not consider it useful to recognise sub-specific taxa within - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum . The variation in stipe length and thickness represented by the type of var. -brachypodum +brachypodum , described by -Fries (1939) +Fries (1939) , falls within that of the species as a whole and is therefore synonymised here. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma monospermum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma monospermum is the most widespread and abundant species of the genus, including occurrences in protected areas in Brazil and Peru. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -BOLIVIA. Beni + +Selected specimens examined. + +BOLIVIA. Beni : -Chacobo +Chacobo , -11°45'S +11°45'S , -66°02'W +66°02'W , 200 m a.s.l., 15 Apr 1984, -Boom 5039 +Boom 5039 (K, LPB, MO, NY, U); -Rio +Rio Beni above -Rio +Rio Qui, -14°48'S +14°48'S , -67°23'W +67°23'W , 320 m a.s.l., 22 May 1990, -Daly et al. 6573 +Daly et al. 6573 (LPB, MO, NY, U); -Rio +Rio Beni, Rurrenabaque, -14°28'S +14°28'S , -67°30'W +67°30'W , 320 m a.s.l., 25 May 1990, -Daly et al. 6630 +Daly et al. 6630 (NY, U); San Borja, -15°10'S +15°10'S , -66°28'W +66°28'W , 250 m a.s.l., 23 Nov 1988, -R.B. Foster et al. 12549 +R.B. Foster et al. 12549 (F, LPB, U); Bosque de Chimanes, -15°30'S +15°30'S , -66°15'W +66°15'W , 250 m a.s.l., 27 Oct 1989, -R.B. Foster +R.B. Foster & -Terceros 13422 +Terceros 13422 (U); Prov. -Jose -Ballivian +Jose +Ballivian , Carinavi-San Borja road, -15°17'S +15°17'S , -67°04'W +67°04'W , 850-900 m a.s.l., 1 Nov 1989, -D.N. Smith +D.N. Smith & -V. Garcia 13834 +V. Garcia 13834 (LPB); Bosque de -Produccion +Produccion Permanente Chimanes, -15°10'S +15°10'S , -66°37'W +66°37'W , 260 m a.s.l., 25 Aug 1990, -D.N. Smith et al. 14216 +D.N. Smith et al. 14216 (LPB, MO). -La Paz +La Paz : Luisita, -13°50'S +13°50'S , -67°15'W +67°15'W , 180 m a.s.l., 27 Feb 1984, -Beck +Beck & -Haase 10092 +Haase 10092 (LPB, MO, U); Santa -Fe +Fe , -13°40'S +13°40'S , -68°12'W +68°12'W , 250 m a.s.l., 5 Aug 1995, -DeWalt et al. 662 +DeWalt et al. 662 (LPB, U, WU); Puerto Muscoso, -13°01'S +13°01'S , -68°50'W +68°50'W , 190 m a.s.l., 25 Jun 1995, -Helme +Helme & -Kruger 742 +Kruger 742 (LPB, MO, U); Alto Beni, Sapecho, -15°30'S +15°30'S , -67°20'W +67°20'W , 550 m a.s.l., 3 Apr 1989, -Seidel 2674 +Seidel 2674 (LPB, U). -Pando +Pando : Manuripi, -11°40'S +11°40'S , -68°00'W +68°00'W , 18 Aug 1990, -G. Gonzales 53 +G. Gonzales 53 (LPB); Puerto -America +America , -11°35'S +11°35'S , -68°03'W +68°03'W , 180 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1995, -Jardim 2408 +Jardim 2408 (U); Agua Clara, -11°44'20"S +11°44'20"S , -67°02'40"W +67°02'40"W , 13 Nov 2001, -Pirie et al. 4 +Pirie et al. 4 (U); Puerto Rico, road to Cobija, -11°03'25"S +11°03'25"S , -67°47'46"W +67°47'46"W , 175 m a.s.l., 15 Nov 2001, -Pirie et al. 5 +Pirie et al. 5 (U). -BRAZIL. Acre +BRAZIL. Acre : Fazenda Bom Sossego, -7°40'S +7°40'S , -73°09'W +73°09'W , 27 Sep 1985, -Campbell et al. 9026 +Campbell et al. 9026 (U); Seringal Porongaba, -10°51'S +10°51'S , -68°48'W +68°48'W , 23 May 1991, -Daly et al. 6686 +Daly et al. 6686 (MO, NY, U); Mun. Rio Branco, BR 317, -10°30'S +10°30'S , -67°45'W +67°45'W , 8 Jun 1991, -Daly et al. 6909 +Daly et al. 6909 (MO, NY, U); Reserva Extrativista do Alto Jurua, -8°55'S +8°55'S , -72°31'W +72°31'W , 11 Mar 1992, -Daly et al. 7347 +Daly et al. 7347 (MO, NY, U); Mun. Porto Acre, -9°45'S +9°45'S , -67°38'W +67°38'W , 3 Nov 1993, -Daly et al. 8043 +Daly et al. 8043 (NY, U); Mun. Cruzeiro do Sul, -8°13'41"S +8°13'41"S , -73°02'22"W +73°02'22"W , 11 May 2003, -Daly et al. 11719 +Daly et al. 11719 (NY); Mun. -Tarauaca +Tarauaca , Seringal Universo, -8°25'S +8°25'S , -71°19'W +71°19'W , 15 Jun 1995, -Figueiredo et al. 853 +Figueiredo et al. 853 (U); Rio Muru, Seringal Vitoria Velha, -8°26'S +8°26'S , -70°49'W +70°49'W , 20 Jun 1995, -Figueiredo et al. 906 +Figueiredo et al. 906 (U); Mun. Sena Madureira, Rio Macaua, -9°24'S +9°24'S , -68°54'W +68°54'W , 3 Apr 1994, -L. Lima et al. 582 +L. Lima et al. 582 (NY); Rio Branco-Porto Acre road, -10°00'S +10°00'S , -67°50'W +67°50'W , 11 Oct 1980, -Nelson 680 +Nelson 680 (U); Riozinho do -Andira +Andira , -colocacao +colocacao Curitiba, -9°43'45"S +9°43'45"S , -68°08'53"W +68°08'53"W , 6 Jun 1998, -A.R.S. Oliveira et al. 488 +A.R.S. Oliveira et al. 488 (WAG); Porto Walter, Rio -Jurua +Jurua Mirim, -8°07'S +8°07'S , -72°49'W +72°49'W , 31 May 1994, -Silveira et al. 767 +Silveira et al. 767 (NY, U); -Tarauaca +Tarauaca , -9°25'45"S +9°25'45"S , -68°40'00"W +68°40'00"W , 18 Jun 2006, -Silveira et al. 3796 +Silveira et al. 3796 (L); Mun. -Tarauaca +Tarauaca , Rio Liberdade, -7°18'49"S +7°18'49"S , -66°01'46"W +66°01'46"W , 18 Jun 2006, -Silveira et al. 3811 +Silveira et al. 3811 (L); Floresta Estadual do Antimary, -9°25'45"S +9°25'45"S , -68°04'00"W +68°04'00"W , 8 Jul 2006, -Silveira et al. 4171 +Silveira et al. 4171 (L). -Mato Grosso +Mato Grosso : Mun. Alta Floresta, -10°07'S +10°07'S , -57°30'W +57°30'W , 29 Sep 1985, -Cid Ferreira et al. 6301 +Cid Ferreira et al. 6301 (F, GH, K, MICH, NY, U, US). - -Para + +Para : Itaituba, -7°40'S +7°40'S , -55°15'W +55°15'W , 14 May 1983, -M.N. Silva 322 +M.N. Silva 322 (MO, NY, U, US); Serra dos -Carajas +Carajas , -5°49'S +5°49'S , -50°32'W +50°32'W , 225-250 m a.s.l., 15 Jun 1982, -Sperling et al. 6198 +Sperling et al. 6198 (GH, K, MO, NY, U). - -Rondonia + +Rondonia : Mun. Costa Marques, Chapada dos -Parecis +Parecis , -11°12'S +11°12'S , -62°63'W +62°63'W , 14 Jun 1984, -Cid Ferreira et al. 4507 +Cid Ferreira et al. 4507 (MO, NY, U); -Espigao +Espigao de Oeste, -11°12'S +11°12'S , -60°61'W +60°61'W , 20 Jun 1984, -Cid Ferreira et al. 4673 +Cid Ferreira et al. 4673 (F, GH, MO, NY, U, US); Ariquemes, -10°00'S +10°00'S , -62°59'W +62°59'W , 200 m a.s.l., 15 Mar 1987, -Nee 34402 +Nee 34402 (U); Campo Novo, -10°38'S +10°38'S , -63°37'W +63°37'W , 300 m a.s.l., 23 Apr 1987, -Nee 34992 +Nee 34992 (MO); Porto Velho, Campo Novo, road to Ariquemes, -10°35'S +10°35'S , -63°30'W +63°30'W , 300 m a.s.l., 25 Apr 1987, -Nee 35033 +Nee 35033 (U); Ariquemes, -Mineracao +Mineracao Mibrasa, -10°35'S +10°35'S , -63°35'W +63°35'W , 15 May 1982, -Teixeira 480 +Teixeira 480 (MO, U). - + PERU. -Huanuco +Huanuco : Pucallpa, western Sira mountain, -9°28'S +9°28'S , -74°47'W +74°47'W , 680 m a.s.l., 7 Apr 1988, - -Wallnoefer + +Wallnoefer 112 7488 (U). -Loreto +Loreto : Quebrada Shesha, -Rio +Rio Abujao, -8°20'S +8°20'S , -73°45'W +73°45'W , 14 Dec 1978, - + C. -Diaz +Diaz et al. 825 (NY, U); Shucushayacu, -Rio +Rio Huallaga, -6°01'S +6°01'S , -75°55'W +75°55'W , 180 m a.s.l., 11 Oct 1985, -Gentry et al. 52233 +Gentry et al. 52233 (MO, U); Pongo de Manseriche, -4°26'S +4°26'S , -77°34'W +77°34'W , 650 m a.s.l., 25 Nov 1997, -R. Rojas et al. 666 +R. Rojas et al. 666 (F, MO); Canchahuayo, -Rio +Rio Ucayali, -7°05'S +7°05'S , -75°10'W +75°10'W , 500 m a.s.l., 25 Nov 1985, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 6932 (F, U); Yanamono Explorama Reserve, -3°28'S +3°28'S , -72°50'W +72°50'W , 106 m a.s.l., 3 Oct 1989, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 12829 +N. Jaramillo 12829 (MO, MOL, U). -Madre de Dios +Madre de Dios : Tambopata, -Rio +Rio Heath, -12°39'S +12°39'S , -68°44'W +68°44'W , 210 m a.s.l., 22 May 1996, -M. Aguilar +M. Aguilar & -Castro 764 +Castro 764 (U, USM); Cuzco -Amazonico +Amazonico , 15 km ENE of Puerto Maldonado, -12°35'S +12°35'S , -69°05'W +69°05'W , 200 m a.s.l., 14 Dec 1989, -Gentry et al. 68663 +Gentry et al. 68663 (MO, USM); Inkaterra Ecological Reserve, -12°35'S +12°35'S , -69°09'W +69°09'W , 190 m a.s.l., 30 Aug 2006, -Monteagudo et al. 12749 +Monteagudo et al. 12749 (WAG); Tambopata, -12°33'S +12°33'S , -69°03'W +69°03'W , 200 m a.s.l., 27 May 1989, - -Nunez + +Nunez et al. 10589 (MO); Cuzco -Amazonico +Amazonico Lodge, -12°35'S +12°35'S , -69°03'W +69°03'W , 200 m a.s.l., 13 May 1990, - -Nunez + +Nunez & - -Timana + +Timana 12152 (U); Collpa de Blanquillo, -Rio +Rio Madre de Dios, -12°27'S +12°27'S , -70°41'W +70°41'W , 200 m a.s.l., 11 May 1995, - -Nunez + +Nunez 16303 (USM); Cuzco -Amazonico +Amazonico , -12°05'S +12°05'S , -69°03'W +69°03'W , 200 m a.s.l., 21 Jun 1989, -Phillips et al. 545 +Phillips et al. 545 (MO, U); Las Piedras, Cusco -Amazonico +Amazonico , -12°29'S +12°29'S , -69°03'W +69°03'W , 200 m a.s.l., 25 Feb 1991, - -Timana + +Timana 1537 (MO); Puerto Maldonado, Cusco -Amazonico +Amazonico , -12°32'S +12°32'S , -69°03'W +69°03'W , 220 m a.s.l., 20 May 2003, -L. Valencia +L. Valencia & -Suclli 2205 +Suclli 2205 (U). -Ucayali +Ucayali : Peru-Brazil border, Quebrada Sapallal, -8°02'S +8°02'S , -73°55'W +73°55'W , 260 m a.s.l., 19 Jun 1987, -Gentry +Gentry & -C. Diaz 58434 +C. Diaz 58434 (USM); Prov. Purus, Distr. Purus, -Rio +Rio Caranja, -10°04'S +10°04'S , -71°06'W +71°06'W , 325 m a.s.l., 17 Jul 1998, -Graham 605 +Graham 605 (F); Prov. Coronel Portillo, Iparia, el Sira, -9°25'57"S +9°25'57"S , -74°32'47"W +74°32'47"W , 350-400 m a.s.l., 21 Sep 2007, -Graham 4706 +Graham 4706 (L); Prov. Coronel Portillo, Calleria, -8°09'13"S +8°09'13"S , -74°15'48"W +74°15'48"W , 150-175 m a.s.l., 26 Feb 2003, -Schunke V. 15223 +Schunke V. 15223 (F). - - -Figure 30. - -Cremastosperma monospermum + + +Figure 30. + +Cremastosperma monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower buds ( -a - -Nunez +a + +Nunez & -Timana +Timana 12152 -b -Cid Ferreira et al. 6301 +b +Cid Ferreira et al. 6301 ). diff --git a/data/6D/E5/34/6DE5346CF51C206E304759F4FE90B0A9.xml b/data/6D/E5/34/6DE5346CF51C206E304759F4FE90B0A9.xml index 3b3105e99d9..086927c7151 100644 --- a/data/6D/E5/34/6DE5346CF51C206E304759F4FE90B0A9.xml +++ b/data/6D/E5/34/6DE5346CF51C206E304759F4FE90B0A9.xml @@ -1,348 +1,348 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 24. -Cremastosperma oblongum R.E.Fr. -Figs 23 -, 33 -, Map 6 +Cremastosperma oblongum R.E.Fr. +Figs 23 +, 33 +, Map 6 - - -Cremastosperma oblongum + + +Cremastosperma oblongum R.E.Fr., Konl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24: 4. 1948. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, -Junin +Junin : -Rio +Rio Pinedo, N of La Merced, 30 May 1929, -Killip, E.P. & Smith, A.C. 23622 +Killip, E.P. & Smith, A.C. 23622 (holotype: US! [US00104266]; isotypes: NY! [NY00025863], S! [S-R-6966]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub 2-17 m tall, 6-15 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 5-16 by 2-4 mm; lamina elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 13-45 by 5-12 cm (index 2.5-4), coriaceous, shiny grey-green or brown above, dull brown below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long on veins below, base acute, rarely cordate, apex acuminate (acumen (5 --)10- +-)10- 20 mm long), primary vein grooved in basal half, 2-4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 8-19, intersecondary veins often 1(-2), distance between from 8-24 mm at the base to 12-27 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 40-70° at the base to 20-60° closer to the apex, sometimes branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers clustered in groups of up to three, on leafy or leafless twigs (occasionally on main stem, then on brachyblasts); peduncles ca. 2 by 1 mm (in flower), 2-5 by 1.5-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 7-18 by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 12 --35(- +-35(- 80) by 1.5-3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long; 2 or 3 lower bracts, deltate, 0.5-1 by 0.5-1 mm, obtuse, soon falling off or persistent, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long; upper bract attached in basal half of pedicel, shallowly triangular, ca. 1 by ca. 2 mm, obtuse, persistent, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long; closed flower buds not seen; flowers green maturing to cream, yellow or orange/yellow -in vivo +in vivo , black -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals free, deltate, often recurved, ca. 2 by 2 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; petals glabrous, outer petals obovate to narrowly so, ca. 16 by 6-8 mm, inner petals elliptic to narrowly so, 15-16 by 4-6 mm; androecium ca. 8 mm diam., stamens 1-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.5 mm diam., carpels sparsely covered with erect golden hairs <0.1 mm long. -Monocarps +Monocarps 6-20, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 16-20 by 10-14 mm, green maturing through orange or red to black -in vivo +in vivo , brown or black -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes green maturing to red -in vivo +in vivo , 9-17 by 2-3 mm; fruiting receptacle 7-12 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 13 by 8 mm, raphe raised, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Central and southern Peru (Cuzco, -Huanuco +Huanuco , -Junin +Junin , Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San -Martin +Martin and Ucayali) and adjacent Brazil (Acre). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary, often upland, rainforest, on white sands, brown latosols and limestone soils. At elevations of 100-1800 m. Flowering: September, October, December; fruiting: March-July, October-January. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary, often upland, rainforest, on white sands, brown latosols and limestone soils. At elevations of 100-1800 m. Flowering: September, October, December; fruiting: March-July, October-January. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Peru: Bara caspi, Carahuasca ( -Bulnes 502 +Bulnes 502 ), Carahuasca amarilla ( -Tello 1241 +Tello 1241 ), Hicoja ( -Schunke V. 5829 +Schunke V. 5829 ), Palo blanco, Tortuga blanca ( -Tello 165 +Tello 165 ), -Ts'ntonimaski +Ts'ntonimaski ( -D.N. Smith 6850 +D.N. Smith 6850 ), Yana huasca ( -Williams, Ll 7423 +Williams, Ll 7423 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma oblongum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma oblongum is best discerned from the most similar other species on the basis of floral characters: the sepals are small and recurved (unlike - -C. megalophyllum + +C. megalophyllum ) and borne on short pedicels, whilst bud development is open (not the case in - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense ). A similar species that also occurs in Central Peru is - -C. dolichopodum + +C. dolichopodum , which can be distinguished by the much greater length of the pedicels (both in flower and fruit). Two further undetermined collections from this region ( -Valenzuela 13205 +Valenzuela 13205 and - -Vasquez + +Vasquez 35950 ) are also similar, but differ in the presence of indument on the sepals and receptacles. The leaves of - -C. oblongum + +C. oblongum are quite distinctive: rather leathery with a greyish colour on the upper side, with secondary veins forming conspicuous loops and often narrowly elliptic. Fruiting specimens display more variation - particularly in the length of the pedicel. Cauliflorous specimens from the Peruvian department of Pasco (e.g. -D.N. Smith 6613 +D.N. Smith 6613 and -6850 +6850 ; -Monteagudo et al. 11777 +Monteagudo et al. 11777 ) have longer pedicels; the fruits otherwise resemble somewhat those of - -C. dolichopodum + +C. dolichopodum (the pedicels of which are several times longer). - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma oblongum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma oblongum is only found in southern Peru, but within its fairly wide EOO, it is not uncommon, including within protected areas. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -BRAZIL. Acre + +Selected specimens examined. + +BRAZIL. Acre : Unidade de Assentamento Santa Luzia, -7°45'S +7°45'S , -72°22'W +72°22'W , 2001, -Maas et al. 9148 +Maas et al. 9148 (L, U). - + PERU. -Huanuco +Huanuco : Selva Central, Dantas, Llullapichis, -9°40'S +9°40'S , -75°02'W +75°02'W , 280 m a.s.l., 29 Jan 1986, -Bulnes 502 +Bulnes 502 (U); Selva Central, Dantas, Yuyapichis, -9°40'S +9°40'S , -75°02'W +75°02'W , 270 m a.s.l., 16 Dec 1989, -Flores +Flores & -Tello 165 +Tello 165 (G); Pucallpa, western Sira mountain, -9°29'S +9°29'S , -74°50'W +74°50'W , 300-360 m a.s.l., 28 Sep 1988, - -Wallnoefer + +Wallnoefer 117 28988 (U). -Loreto +Loreto : Panguana, SE of Pucallpa, junction of -Rio +Rio Pachitea, -9°37'S +9°37'S , -74°56'W +74°56'W , 260 m a.s.l., 25 Sep 1985, -Morawetz +Morawetz & - -Wallnoefer + +Wallnoefer 110 25985 (U, USM). -Pasco +Pasco : -Palcazu +Palcazu , Iscozacin, -10°00'S +10°00'S , -75°10'W +75°10'W , 400 m a.s.l., 15 Jun 1985, -R.B. Foster +R.B. Foster & -Achille 10224 +Achille 10224 (F, MOL, U, USM); Huampal, -10°15'00"S +10°15'00"S , -75°13'26"W +75°13'26"W , 1100-1250 m a.s.l., -Monteagudo et al. 4933 +Monteagudo et al. 4933 (HOXA); Distr. -Iscozacin +Iscozacin , -10°09'S +10°09'S , -75°18'W +75°18'W , 23 Sep 1986, -Pariona +Pariona & - + J. -Ruiz +Ruiz 983 (MO); Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillen, -10°10'50"S +10°10'50"S , -75°34'26"W +75°34'26"W , 900-1200 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 2003, -Pirie et al. 7 +Pirie et al. 7 (HOXA, U, USM); -Palcazu +Palcazu , -10°08'00"S +10°08'00"S , -75°22'06"W +75°22'06"W , 500 m a.s.l., 31 Mar 2009, -R. Rojas et al. 6598 +R. Rojas et al. 6598 (HOXA, MO, USM); Cordillera de San Matias, -10°11'S +10°11'S , -75°12'W +75°12'W , 680-850 m a.s.l., 21 Jun 1982, -D.N. Smith 2018 +D.N. Smith 2018 (MO); Gran Pajonal, -10°45'S +10°45'S , -74°23'W +74°23'W , 1200 m a.s.l., 30 Mar 1984, -D.N. Smith 6613 +D.N. Smith 6613 (MO, U); -Palcazu +Palcazu , Ataz, -10°09'20"S +10°09'20"S , -75°19'45"W +75°19'45"W , 652 m a.s.l., 22 May 2009, -Valenzuela et al. 12782 +Valenzuela et al. 12782 (HOXA, HUT, MO, USM); -Palcazu +Palcazu , Cerro Ozuz, -10°19'00"S +10°19'00"S , -75°17'30"W +75°17'30"W , 850-1010 m a.s.l., 10 Sep 2005, -Vilca 411 +Vilca 411 (WAG). - - -Figure 33. - -Cremastosperma oblongum + + +Figure 33. + +Cremastosperma oblongum R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower ( -a - +a + Foster & -d'Achille +d'Achille 10224 ; -b -Maas et al. 4592 +b +Maas et al. 4592 ). diff --git a/data/89/5F/A2/895FA2DBA29B5B2F625335B9998DC768.xml b/data/89/5F/A2/895FA2DBA29B5B2F625335B9998DC768.xml index b8dd87b6a1b..9431ad08c17 100644 --- a/data/89/5F/A2/895FA2DBA29B5B2F625335B9998DC768.xml +++ b/data/89/5F/A2/895FA2DBA29B5B2F625335B9998DC768.xml @@ -1,221 +1,221 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 33. -Cremastosperma westrae Pirie -Figs 37 -, 43 -, Map 3 +Cremastosperma westrae Pirie +Figs 37 +, 43 +, Map 3 - - -Cremastosperma westrae + + +Cremastosperma westrae Pirie, Blumea 50: 58, f. 9. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + PANAMA, -Panama +Panama : road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 12 miles above Pan-American Highway, 200-500 m a.s.l., 13 Mar 1973, -Liesner, R.L. 682 +Liesner, R.L. 682 (holotype: MO [MO-047498]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub 4-8 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely to densely covered with appressed brown hairs ca. 0.1 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 6-20 by 3-6 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to slightly obovate or narrowly so, (15 --)30- +-)30- 50 by (8 --)12- +-)12- 20 cm (index 1.6-3), chartaceous to coriaceous, dark to olive green or brown above, lighter below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs 0.1 mm long on veins below, base acute to rounded, apex acuminate (acumen 10-20 mm long), primary vein 2-5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 8-12, no intersecondary veins, distance between from 5-10 mm at the base to 40-60 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50-80° at the base to 45-60° closer to the apex, not branching, forming more or less distinct loops in apical half, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles, 2-3 by 2-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 6-17 by 2-3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with erect whitish hairs 0.1 mm long; single lower bract, soon falling off; upper bract attached in the basal half of the pedicel, depressed ovate, ca. 1.5 by 2 mm, rounded, outer side densely covered with appressed brown hairs 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, flowers yellow -in vivo +in vivo , black with yellow indument -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals free or fused for basal 0.5 mm, deltate, appressed, 2.5-3 by 2.5-3 mm, rounded, often persistent, densely covered (outside, sparsely inside) with appressed brown hairs 0.2 mm long; outer petals elliptic to slightly ovate, ca. 9 by 5 mm, rather densely to densely covered (outside, sparsely inside) with appressed brown hairs ca. 0.2 mm long, inner petals elliptic, ca. 8 by 4 mm, rather densely to densely (towards the apex outside, sparsely inside and at base) covered with appressed brown hairs 0.2 mm long; androecium ca. 6 mm diam., stamens ca. 1.3 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.7 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam., carpels sparsely covered with erect brown hairs <0.1 mm long. -Monocarps +Monocarps 6-10, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 18-22 by 10-12 mm, green, maturing to yellow, orange, red or black -in vivo +in vivo , reddish- to blackish-brown -in sicco +in sicco , with a small excentric apicule; stipes 4-14 by 1-2 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3-6 mm diam.; monocarps and stipes sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous, receptacle densely covered with erect whitish hairs <0.1 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown, surface wrinkled and slightly pitted, ca. 16 by 10 mm, raphe slightly sunken, encircling seed longitudinally. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Panama ( -Darien +Darien , -Panama +Panama , San Blas). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary seasonal evergreen forest on red clay. At elevations of 50-600 m. Flowering: March; fruiting: January, March, July, November and December. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary seasonal evergreen forest on red clay. At elevations of 50-600 m. Flowering: March; fruiting: January, March, July, November and December. - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma westrae + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma westrae is most similar to - -C. novogranatense + +C. novogranatense : it differs in having longer stipes, smaller sepals and less dense, shorter hairs on the petals. The shape of the fruits of - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum bears a resemblance to those of - -C. westrae + +C. westrae . A clear distinction can be made due to the presence of indument on flowers and fruits in - -C. westrae + +C. westrae : those of - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum are glabrous. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma westrae + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma westrae is known from just six localities and although these are similar, both in restricted extent and lack of protection to those of - -C. panamense + +C. panamense , it is apparently considerably rarer. Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -PANAMA. Darien + +Selected specimens examined. + +PANAMA. Darien : Camp Summit, adjacent -Darien-San +Darien-San Blas border, 1000-1200 m a.s.l., 18 Dec 1967, -Oliver et al. 3681 +Oliver et al. 3681 (MO). -San Blas +San Blas : Cordillera de San Blas, -9°13'N +9°13'N , -78°16'W +78°16'W , 50 m a.s.l., 8 Nov 1991, -H. Herrera et al. 1122 +H. Herrera et al. 1122 (U); Trail along Continental Divide, -9°20'N +9°20'N , -78°56'W +78°56'W , 400 m a.s.l., 23 Jul 1986, -McDonagh et al. 291 +McDonagh et al. 291 (MO); Continental Divide trail W of El -Llano-Carti +Llano-Carti road, -9°19'N +9°19'N , -78°55'W +78°55'W , 350 m a.s.l., 9 Jan 1985, -De Nevers +De Nevers & -H. Herrera 4475 +H. Herrera 4475 (U); Aila Tiwar, -Rio +Rio Acla, -8°48'N +8°48'N , -77°40'W +77°40'W , 25-100 m a.s.l., 23 Mar 1979, -Sugden 613 +Sugden 613 (MO). - - -Figure 43. - -Cremastosperma westrae + + +Figure 43. + +Cremastosperma westrae Pirie. -a +a fruit and leaf (acuminate apex) -b +b flower and leaf (apex broken off) ( -a -de Nevers 4475 -b -Liesner 682 +a +de Nevers 4475 +b +Liesner 682 ). diff --git a/data/89/BE/CE/89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8.xml b/data/89/BE/CE/89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8.xml index 7a585c9d558..bcaab4da884 100644 --- a/data/89/BE/CE/89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8.xml +++ b/data/89/BE/CE/89BECE98BB8194121C53A76F883074E8.xml @@ -1,342 +1,342 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 5. -Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. -Figs 12 -, 13 -, Map 4 +Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. +Figs 12 +, 13 +, Map 4 - - -Cremastosperma brevipes + + +Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 538. 1939. - -Guatteria brevipes + +Guatteria brevipes DC. in Dunal, Monogr. Annonac.: 126. 1817. - -Type. - + +Type. + FRENCH GUIANA, without location -Martin s.n. +Martin s.n. (lectotype: G! [designated in Pirie, Kankainen & Maas, 2005], isotypes: BM, K! (uncertain whether this specimens represents an isotype) [K000485530]). - - -Cremastosperma poiteaui + + +Cremastosperma poiteaui (Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 328. 1931. - - -Guatteria poiteaui + + +Guatteria poiteaui Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 74. 1931. - -Type. - + +Type. + FRENCH GUIANA, without location, 1819-1821, -Poiteau, A. s.n. +Poiteau, A. s.n. (holotype: G! [G00237255 G00237256]; isotypes: B! [B 10 0242372], F! [F932330], S! [S-R-7016]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 4-20 m tall, 3-20 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs to 0.2 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 4 --9(- +-9(- 12) by 1.5-4 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 18-39 by 7-15 cm (index 2-3.5), chartaceous, brown/green with a reddish tinge on both sides (particularly on the veins on the underside), darker above, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to rounded, rarely acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5-20 mm long), primary vein 1.5-3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 9-15, intersecondary veins 0-2, distance between from 5-10 mm at the base to 35 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 45-60° at the base to 55-70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-3 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of 2, on leafless twigs; peduncles 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in flower), 2-5 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed white/yellowish ca. 0.1 mm long hairs; pedicels 15-20 by 1-2 mm at the base (in flower), 18-23 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long or glabrous; 2 lower bracts, deltate, basal to 0.2 mm long, apical 0.3-0.5 mm long, obtuse, mostly persistent, rather densely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; upper bract mostly attached midway along pedicel, deltate to broadly ovate, 1-2 by ca. 1 mm, obtuse or emarginate, sparsely covered with appressed white/yellowish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers green, sometimes tinged with red around margins of petals or creamy yellow -in vivo +in vivo , reddish or dark brown -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals connate for 0.5-1 mm, broadly ovate, recurved, rarely appressed, 3-4[-5] by 3.5-5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic, 12-22 by 7-12 mm, rounded, inner petals narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, 10-24 by 4-7 mm, obtuse; androecium ca. 6 mm diam.; stamens 1.4-1.6 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.7 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam.; carpels ca. 25, ca. 2.5 mm long, glabrous. -Monocarps +Monocarps 7-17, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 11-17 by 9-11 mm, green maturing to red, reddish-brown, dark purple or black -in vivo +in vivo , blackish or reddish-brown -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes green maturing to red -in vivo +in vivo , 7-14 by 1-1.5(3) mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 4-8 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds broadly ellipsoid to globose, yellowish or orange-brown, slightly pitted, ca. 8 by 7-8 mm, raphe raised within a sunken groove, somewhat irregular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + French Guiana, region of -Sauel +Sauel and Nouragues. - -Habitat and Ecology. -Primary moist forest. At elevations of 200-800 m. Flowering: February, March, May and October; fruiting: May - October, December and January. + +Habitat and Ecology. +Primary moist forest. At elevations of 200-800 m. Flowering: February, March, May and October; fruiting: May - October, December and January. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + French Guiana: -Apelemu +Apelemu (Wayapi; -Grenand 1509 +Grenand 1509 , -Jacqemin 2349 +Jacqemin 2349 ), Maman -yawe +yawe ( -Creole +Creole ; -Moretti 12 +Moretti 12 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma brevipes + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma brevipes is the only species of the genus found in the Guianas. The leaves, when dried, have a characteristic reddish tinge (particularly on the underside). This species is similar to - -C. venezuelanum + +C. venezuelanum , but differing in particular by the acuminate as opposed to acute or obtuse leaf apex of - -C. venezuelanum + +C. venezuelanum , smaller sepals and monocarps and shorter stipes. Its use as fish bait has been reported. As of many -Annonaceae +Annonaceae , the bark of - -C. brevipes + +C. brevipes has been described as aromatic: on collection of -Riera 668 +Riera 668 , a peppery smell is reported. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -C. brevipes + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +C. brevipes has been collected regularly, occurring over a fairly wide area, including the protected area of Les Nouragues. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected Specimens Examined - -. FRENCH GUIANA -Riviere + +Selected Specimens Examined + +. FRENCH GUIANA +Riviere Arataye, Saut -Parare +Parare , -4°02'N +4°02'N , -52°42'W +52°42'W , 3 Dec 1985, -Barrier 5166 +Barrier 5166 (CAY, L, P, U); -Sauel +Sauel , Mont Galbao, -3°36'N +3°36'N , -53°16'W +53°16'W , 525-700 m a.s.l., 11 Sep 1994, -Boom 10812 +Boom 10812 (CAY, NY, U); Mont -Ineri +Ineri , -4°22'N +4°22'N , -52°10'W +52°10'W , 10 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1997, -Cremers 15331 +Cremers 15331 (U); -Tresor +Tresor Reserve, Creek 4, middle part, -4°35'N +4°35'N , -52°16'W +52°16'W , -Ek et al. 1615 +Ek et al. 1615 (U); -Regina +Regina , Montagne Tortue, -4°18'N +4°18'N , -52°22'W +52°22'W , 200-450 m a.s.l., 17 Jun 1988, -Feuillet et al. 10239 +Feuillet et al. 10239 (U); Piste de Saint-Elie, -5°20'N +5°20'N , -53°00'W +53°00'W , 29 Nov 1987, -De Granville 10176 +De Granville 10176 (CAY, P, U, US); Approuague, -4°28'N +4°28'N , -52°02'W +52°02'W , 28 Jul 1997, -Hequet 432 +Hequet 432 (P, U); Pedra Alice, River Oiapoque, -3°40'N +3°40'N , -52°01'W +52°01'W , 17 Sep 1960, -Irwin et al. 47562 +Irwin et al. 47562 (NY, U); Route de -Belizon +Belizon , Les Eaux -Claires-Sauel +Claires-Sauel , -3°37'N +3°37'N , -53°12'W +53°12'W , 200 m a.s.l., 9 Feb 1993, -Maas et al. 8064 +Maas et al. 8064 (MO, U); -Sauel +Sauel , Piste de Galbao, -4°36'89"N +4°36'89"N , -54°16'25"W +54°16'25"W , 28 Aug 2003, -Munzinger +Munzinger & -Heuret 1818 +Heuret 1818 (P); Crique Cacao, -2°20'N +2°20'N , -53°12'W +53°12'W , 2 May 1987, - -Prevost + +Prevost & -Sabatier 2284 +Sabatier 2284 (CAY, U); Montagne de Kaw, -4°33'N +4°33'N , -52°10'W +52°10'W , 21 Feb 1998, - -Prevost + +Prevost 3446 (NY, U); Les Nouragues, -4°03'N +4°03'N , -52°42'W +52°42'W , 8 Oct 1992, -Riera 1564 +Riera 1564 (P); Les Nouragues, basin of River Approuague, -4°04'57"N +4°04'57"N , -52°40'39"W +52°40'39"W , 89-140 m a.s.l., Oct 2001, -Scharf 76 +Scharf 76 (U). - - -Map 4. + + +Map 4. Distribution of - -Cremastosperma brevipes + +Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.; - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes R.E.Fr.; - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. - - -Figure 12. - -Cremastosperma brevipes + + +Figure 12. + +Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower buds ( -a -Boom 10812 -b - -Prevost +a +Boom 10812 +b + +Prevost 3446 ). diff --git a/data/8E/EE/46/8EEE46E3A2BF892BD5847F12AF0FA64A.xml b/data/8E/EE/46/8EEE46E3A2BF892BD5847F12AF0FA64A.xml index 1c9a512a98b..4305ebb6d19 100644 --- a/data/8E/EE/46/8EEE46E3A2BF892BD5847F12AF0FA64A.xml +++ b/data/8E/EE/46/8EEE46E3A2BF892BD5847F12AF0FA64A.xml @@ -1,407 +1,407 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 28. -Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr. -Fig. 38 -, Map 7 +Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr. +Fig. 38 +, Map 7 - - -Cremastosperma pedunculatum + + +Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 48. 1930. - -Aberemoa pedunculata + +Aberemoa pedunculata Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 409. 1906. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, San -Martin +Martin : Moyobamba, 1100-1200 m a.s.l., 1906, -Weberbauer, A. 4558 +Weberbauer, A. 4558 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242366]; isotypes: F, G! [G00237252], S! [S-R-7025]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 4-15 m tall, 8-15 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 4-15 by 1-3 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 12-27 by 4-10 cm (index 2-3.6), chartaceous, (dark) greyish-brown above, blackish-brown with darker veins below, glabrous above, glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.6 mm long, particularly on veins below, base acute to rounded, decurrent, apex acuminate (acumen 5-20 mm long), primary vein 1.5-2.5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7-13, intersecondary veins often 1-3, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 15-20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein inconsistent, 40-60° at the base and closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers clustered in groups of up to 2, on leafy or leafless twigs or main trunk; peduncles 2-10 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 5-15 by ca. 1.5 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1-0.4 mm long; pedicels (30 --)35-75(- +-)35-75(- 95) by ca. 1 mm at the base, to 3 mm at the apex (in flower), (30 --)55-85(- +-)55-85(- 110) by 1-1.5 mm at the base, to 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely (at the base) covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long or glabrous; 1-several lower bracts, elliptic, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long; upper bract attached in variable position on pedicel, ovate to very broadly ovate, 1-2.5 by 1-2 mm, acute, obtuse or rounded, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds very broadly ovoid to globose, opening loosely in development; flowers green, maturing to green-violet, yellow or pale cream-yellow, inner petals with purple base -in vivo +in vivo , dark brown or reddish-brown -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free or connate for ca. 1 mm, broadly to very broadly ovate or broadly ovate-triangular, appressed, patent or recurved, 2.5-4 by 2.5-4 mm, obtuse, mostly persistent; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, 11-17 by 7-13 mm, inner petals elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 11-19 by 4-8 mm, obtuse or rounded, petals with prominent venation; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., stamens 1.3-1.8 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.5 mm diam., carpels 2-2.2 mm long. -Monocarps +Monocarps 3-27, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 12-17 by 10-12 mm, green (immature) -in vivo +in vivo , black, dark brown or reddish-brown -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes 11-21 by 1.5-2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-10 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 10 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe), Peru (San -Martin +Martin , Cajamarca). Two collections of less certain affinity have been made further north in Ecuador (Pastaza, Morona-Santiago) and one in Colombia ( -Caqueta +Caqueta ). - -Habitat and ecology. -Premontane and montane primary and secondary forest, sometimes inundated, mainly on soils with calcareous bedrock. At elevations of 850-1800 m (except the single specimen collected in Pastaza (Ecuador) at 360 m). Flowering: July, October-December; fruiting February, July, October and December. + +Habitat and ecology. +Premontane and montane primary and secondary forest, sometimes inundated, mainly on soils with calcareous bedrock. At elevations of 850-1800 m (except the single specimen collected in Pastaza (Ecuador) at 360 m). Flowering: July, October-December; fruiting February, July, October and December. - -Notes. - + +Notes. + The pedicels of - -Cremastosperma pedunculatum + +Cremastosperma pedunculatum are unusually long in the genus, similar to those of - -C. bullatum + +C. bullatum (distinguished by the bullate appearance of the leaves and dense, long, indument on most parts) and only exceeded by - -C. longipes + +C. longipes (from the western side of the Andes and with larger leaves) and - -C. dolichopodum + +C. dolichopodum (from further south in Peru). - -Cremastosperma pedunculatum + +Cremastosperma pedunculatum is otherwise similar to - -C. alticola + +C. alticola , which also occurs at higher elevations in northern Peru and Ecuador (albeit much less frequently collected), differing from - -C. alticola + +C. alticola by the presence of indument on the (longer) pedicels, lack of branching inflorescences and stipes as long as or longer than monocarps. - + The holotype of - -Guatteria socialis + +Guatteria socialis J.F.Macbr., -C. Schunke 395 +C. Schunke 395 , was determined by -Diels (1931) +Diels (1931) as - -C. pedunculatum + +C. pedunculatum although he deliberately omitted placing - -G. socialis + +G. socialis in synonymy under - -C. pedunculatum + +C. pedunculatum , citing differences in the reported growth form. The type is reported by the collector to be a liana. This has not been recorded for any other collections of - -C. pedunculatum + +C. pedunculatum (although it is reported for the type specimen of - -C. oblongum + +C. oblongum ). In addition, the collection was made in the central Peruvian department of Junin, much further south than the known distribution of - -C. pedunculatum + +C. pedunculatum (in northern Peru and Ecuador). A photo of the holotype (not the specimen itself) was made available to the authors. The collection appears to be of a - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma (the leaves with a raised primary vein), but includes only immature buds. Although Maas et al. (Maas, Mennega & Westra 1994; -Maas et al. 2015 +Maas et al. 2015 ) have listed - -G. socialis + +G. socialis as a taxonomic synonym of - -C. pedunculatum + +C. pedunculatum , we consider the available evidence insufficient to assign this specimen to a particular species in - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma . - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma pedunculatum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma pedunculatum occurs over a relatively wide area including within protected areas in Ecuador. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - - + +Selected specimens examined. + + COLOMBIA. -Caqueta +Caqueta : Florencia, -1°36'N +1°36'N , -75°37'W +75°37'W , 1400-1440 m a.s.l., 10 Nov 1993, - + J.G. -Ramirez +Ramirez et al. 4881 (MO). -ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago +ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago : Cordillera de Huaracayo, -Rio +Rio Coangos, -3°15'44"S +3°15'44"S , -78°12'01"W +78°12'01"W , 1380 m a.s.l., 25 Mar 2001, -Neill +Neill & -Manzanares 13201 +Manzanares 13201 (U); E of Macas, -2°21'S +2°21'S , -77°59'W +77°59'W , 700-1400 m a.s.l., 24 Aug 1996, -Stahl et al. 2931 +Stahl et al. 2931 (AAU). -Pastaza +Pastaza : -Rio +Rio Acaro, -1°23'S +1°23'S , -77°25'W +77°25'W , 360 m a.s.l., 19 Jan 1998, -Neill et al. 11065 +Neill et al. 11065 (AAU, MO, QCNE, WAG). -Santiago-Zamora +Santiago-Zamora : without precise locality, -2°40'S +2°40'S , -78°00'W +78°00'W , 450-550 m a.s.l., 17 Nov 1944, -Camp E 1311 +Camp E 1311 (NY). -Zamora-Chinchipe +Zamora-Chinchipe : San Francisco Scientific Station, -3°58'S +3°58'S , -79°04'W +79°04'W , 1900 m a.s.l., 21 Nov 1998, -X. Cornejo +X. Cornejo & -Bonifaz 6702 +Bonifaz 6702 (AAU, U); Nangaritza, -4°15'S +4°15'S , -78°39'W +78°39'W , 1000 m a.s.l., 12 Mar 2017, -X. Cornejo et al. 9000 +X. Cornejo et al. 9000 (L); -Rio +Rio Nangaritza, Shaimi, -4°19'S +4°19'S , -78°40'W +78°40'W , 985 m a.s.l., 6 Nov 2004, -Homeier et al. 1489 +Homeier et al. 1489 (MO); Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Bombuscaro entrance, -4°07'S +4°07'S , -78°58'W +78°58'W , 1050 m a.s.l., 27 Jan 2009, -Homeier et al. 4173 +Homeier et al. 4173 (WAG); -Rio +Rio Nangaritza, -4°20'S +4°20'S , -78°40'W +78°40'W , 1000 m a.s.l., 7 Dec 1990, -Neill 9589 +Neill 9589 (MO, QCNE, U); -Rio +Rio Nangaritza, Miazi, -4°16'S +4°16'S , -78°42'W +78°42'W , 930 m a.s.l., 26 Oct 1991, -Palacios et al. 8646 +Palacios et al. 8646 (COL, F, QCNE, U); Cordillera del -Condor +Condor , -4°16'54"S +4°16'54"S , -78°36'00"W +78°36'00"W , 900 m a.s.l., 27 Jul 2003, -Quizhpe et al. 671 +Quizhpe et al. 671 (MO, U); Parque Nacional Podocarpus, -4°39'50"S +4°39'50"S , -79°07'00"W +79°07'00"W , 1050-1250 m a.s.l., 12 Jul 1990, -Rome et al. 1014 +Rome et al. 1014 (MO, QCNE, U). -PERU. Cajamarca +PERU. Cajamarca : San Ignacio, -5°18'30"S +5°18'30"S , -78°43'00"W +78°43'00"W , 1350 m a.s.l., 23 Jul 1997, -Campos et al. 4268 +Campos et al. 4268 (USM); Distr. Huarango, Caserio Nuevo Mundo, -5°10'S +5°10'S , -78°32'W +78°32'W , 1500-1600 m a.s.l., 21 Jul 1997, - + E. -Rodriguez +Rodriguez & -P. Reyes 1758 +P. Reyes 1758 (F, HUT, U). - + San -Martin +Martin : Prov. -Rioja +Rioja , Venceremos, Rioja-Pomacocha road, -5°45'S +5°45'S , -77°40'W +77°40'W , 1850 m a.s.l., 11 Feb 1984, -Gentry et al. 45355 +Gentry et al. 45355 (MO); Prov. -Rioja +Rioja , Pedro -Ruiz-Moyobamba +Ruiz-Moyobamba road, -5°50'S +5°50'S , -77°45'W +77°45'W , 1770-2150 m a.s.l., 5 Aug 1983, -D.N. Smith +D.N. Smith & -S. Vasquez 4611 +S. Vasquez 4611 (MO, U); Prov. -Rioja +Rioja (locality unknown), -6°08'S +6°08'S , -77°18'W +77°18'W , 1500-1640 m a.s.l., 2 Jul 1998, - + I. -Sanchez +Sanchez et al. 9615 (F). - - -Figure 38. - -Cremastosperma pedunculatum + + +Figure 38. + +Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr. -a +a flowering twig -b +b receptacle, illustrating insertion of carpels -c +c carpel with single apical/lateral ovule ( -a-c -Weberbauer 4558 +a-c +Weberbauer 4558 , reproduced from -Fries (1930) +Fries (1930) . diff --git a/data/A2/58/A4/A258A48F4F96EADE5A4F6E205B5D20E5.xml b/data/A2/58/A4/A258A48F4F96EADE5A4F6E205B5D20E5.xml index be3aded9f58..61d9dee489e 100644 --- a/data/A2/58/A4/A258A48F4F96EADE5A4F6E205B5D20E5.xml +++ b/data/A2/58/A4/A258A48F4F96EADE5A4F6E205B5D20E5.xml @@ -1,267 +1,267 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 26. -Cremastosperma pacificum R.E.Fr. -Fig. 35 -, Map 3 +Cremastosperma pacificum R.E.Fr. +Fig. 35 +, Map 3 - - -Cremastosperma pacificum + + +Cremastosperma pacificum R.E.Fr., Ark. Bot. 1: 330. 1950. - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA, Valle del Cauca: Costa del -Pacifico +Pacifico , -Rio +Rio Cajambre, Silva, 5-80 m a.s.l., 5-15 May 1944, -Cuatrecasas, J. 17463 +Cuatrecasas, J. 17463 (holotype: S! [two sheets S10-19876, S10-19873]; isotypes: F! [V0074281F, V0047735F], US! [US00104268, US00104267]), VALLE! [VALLE000049]. - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 3-15 m tall, 2.5-25 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long or glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 8-16 by 2-4 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate, or narrowly so, 19-41 by 9-16 cm (index 2.1-3.1), chartaceous to slightly coriaceous, brown, brownish-green, or greyish-green and shiny above, brown, pale brown or greenish-brown below, glabrous above, glabrous or sparsely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long particularly on veins below, base acute, apex acuminate (acumen 10-20 mm long), primary vein shallowly grooved at base, 2-3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7-12, intersecondary veins occasionally 1-2, distance between from 8 mm at the base to up to 55 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 30-50° at the base to 50-70° closer to the apex, not branching, often forming distinct loops for the apical third, smallest distance between loops and margin 1.5-2 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, on leafless twigs; peduncles ca. 1 by 1 mm (in flower), 2-3 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), rather densely to densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; pedicels 12-20 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 22-35 by 1.5 mm (in fruit), longitudinally furrowed, glabrous or sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed gold or whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; single lower bract, deltate, 1-1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse or acute, occasionally persistent, densely covered with appressed gold or whitish hairs 0.2 mm long; upper bract in the lower half of the pedicel, deltate, 1-1.5 by 1-1.5 mm, rounded, outer side sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed gold or whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers pale greenish-yellow or pale green -in vivo +in vivo , black or dark brown -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, very broadly ovate, 3 by 3-3.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, ca. 16 by 11-12 mm, inner petals obovate, ca. 15 by 7 mm, obtuse; stamens ca. 1.5 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.6 mm wide; gynoecium not seen. -Monocarps +Monocarps (2 --)7- +-)7- 21, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 15-18 by 10-12 mm, green (immature) -in vivo +in vivo , black or dark brown -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule, monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous; stipes 10-18 by 1 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 3-9 mm diam. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, yellow, furrowed and slightly pitted, ca. 10 by 8 mm, raphe raised within sunken groove, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Pacific coast of Colombia ( -Choco +Choco , Valle del Cauca). - -Habitat and ecology. -Tropical wet and pluvial forest, reported as growing on yellow clay with alluvial substrate. At elevations of 5-100 m. Flowering: December and August; fruiting: April and May. + +Habitat and ecology. +Tropical wet and pluvial forest, reported as growing on yellow clay with alluvial substrate. At elevations of 5-100 m. Flowering: December and August; fruiting: April and May. - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma pacificum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma pacificum appears similar to a number of other species characterised by the absence of (visible) indument on flowers and fruits, most notably - -C. magdalenae + +C. magdalenae , - -C. megalophyllum -C. osicola + +C. megalophyllum +C. osicola , - -C. panamense + +C. panamense and - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense . The sepals of - -C. magdalenae + +C. magdalenae and - -C. megalophyllum + +C. megalophyllum are much larger (4-7 mm long, as opposed to up to 3 mm in - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum ). From the limited floral material available, bud development in - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum would not appear to be open, unlike the fully open bud development of - -C. osicola + +C. osicola and - -C. panamense + +C. panamense and the closed bud shape is similar to that of - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense . In contrast to both - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense and - -C. panamense + +C. panamense , the monocarps of - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum are relatively large (>15 mm long, as opposed to up to 14 mm). The monocarps of - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum are around the same length as the stipes, as opposed to stipes longer than monocarps in - -C. osicola + +C. osicola . - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma pacificum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma pacificum is known from a small number of collections, but scattered across a fairly wide area. As with a number of other species with apparently widely disjunct distributions in extra-Amazonian Colombia (particularly - -C. novogranatense + +C. novogranatense and - -C. longipes + +C. longipes ), it is possible that both EOO and AOO are currently underestimated compared to other species as a result of the lack of recent collections. Nevertheless, following a precautionary approach, until demonstrated otherwise, we consider - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - - + +Selected specimens examined. + + COLOMBIA. -Choco +Choco : -Yuto-Lloro +Yuto-Lloro road, 2 km from Ferry, 7 Aug 1982, - + D. -Sanchez +Sanchez et al. 323 (U). -Valle del Cauca +Valle del Cauca : San Cipriano, Escalarete Natural Reserve, 100 m a.s.l., 26 Mar 1993, -Devia et al. 3762 +Devia et al. 3762 (COL); Bajo Calima, -3°53'N +3°53'N , -77°10'W +77°10'W , 50 m a.s.l., 7 Jul 1987, -Faber-Langendoen 1208 +Faber-Langendoen 1208 (U); Bajo Calima, -3°36'N +3°36'N , -77°08'W +77°08'W , 50 m a.s.l., 4 Dec 1981, -Gentry 35298 +Gentry 35298 (MO, U); Bajo Calima, -3°56'N +3°56'N , -77°08'W +77°08'W , 50 m a.s.l., 10 Dec 1981, -Gentry 35562 +Gentry 35562 (MO, U). - - -Figure 35. - -Cremastosperma pacificum + + +Figure 35. + +Cremastosperma pacificum R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower ( -a -Cuatrecasas 17463 -b - -Sanchez +a +Cuatrecasas 17463 +b + +Sanchez et al. 323 ). diff --git a/data/A5/63/3F/A5633F43705B64CBDF4C851E6AF18E2B.xml b/data/A5/63/3F/A5633F43705B64CBDF4C851E6AF18E2B.xml index e2a4620886f..56ebac5f056 100644 --- a/data/A5/63/3F/A5633F43705B64CBDF4C851E6AF18E2B.xml +++ b/data/A5/63/3F/A5633F43705B64CBDF4C851E6AF18E2B.xml @@ -1,224 +1,224 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - -Cremastosperma R.E.Fr. -Fig. 4 (Map 1) + + + +Cremastosperma R.E.Fr. +Fig. 4 (Map 1) - - -Cremastosperma + + +Cremastosperma R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 46, f. 6 -a-c +a-c . 1930. - -Type. - - -Cremastosperma pedunculatum + +Type. + + +Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr. - -Description. - -Trees + +Description. + +Trees or -shrubs +shrubs (0.5 --)1.5- +-)1.5- 20 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous to densely covered with appressed or erect, simple, whitish to golden, up to 1 mm long hairs. -Leaves +Leaves distichous, simple, entire, petiolate, exstipulate; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, index 1.6-5, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous (rarely sparsely covered with appressed or erect, simple, up to 1 mm long hairs) above, glabrous to densely hairy (particularly at the base and on veins) below, base acute, obtuse or rounded, rarely subcordate to cordate, apex acuminate, sometimes caudate, rarely obtuse to acute, extreme tip rounded, venation brochidodromous, primary vein raised over entire leaf length above with an often conspicuous longitudinal groove particularly in the basal half, secondary veins 5 --20(- +-20(- 30) on either side of the primary vein, often with 1-6 intersecondary veins, running parallel to primary vein for a short distance, thereafter angles with primary vein either increasing or decreasing towards the apex (or consistent), sometimes branching, often forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-7 mm, tertiary veins percurrent (or reticulate). -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers or occasionally up to 8 in a rhipidium, pendant, clustered in groups of up to 7, terminal on short axillary shoots (i.e. peduncles) on leafy or leafless twigs, older branches or on the main trunk (then often on brachyblasts); 1-several lower bracts, deltate to depressed ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic, leafy, rounded to acute, soon falling off or persistent; single upper bract attached to pedicel, ovate to deltate, acute to obtuse; flower buds open or closed in development, when closed (ovoid to triangular) broadly to depressed ovoid; peduncles, pedicels, outer sides of bracts, sepals and petals glabrous to densely covered with appressed or erect, simple, up to 1 mm long hairs, bracts, sepals and petals ciliate. -Flowers +Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, with one whorl of free or slightly connate, imbricate, sepals and two whorls of free, imbricate, petals, green, creamy or yellow -in vivo +in vivo , often black -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals and petals thin at margins, occasionally with prominent venation; sepals three, much smaller than petals; petals six, the outer ones ovate, elliptic or broadly so, the inner ones elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, stamens numerous (ca. 100), spirally arranged, extrorse, inserted on and below a ventral ridge encircling a central depression in the receptacle in which the carpels are inserted, 1-2 mm long, connective appendage transversely rhombic-hexagonal; carpels 20-40, spirally arranged, free, ovary 1-locular, glabrous or hairy, with 1 basal, lateral or apical ovule (reported by -Van Heusden 1992 +Van Heusden 1992 ), stigma sessile. -Fruit +Fruit apocarpous, monocarps 5-40, stipitate, mostly asymmetrical, sometimes strongly so, sometimes with an (often excentric) apicule, green maturing mostly through red to brown or black -in vivo +in vivo , light brown to black -in sicco +in sicco . -Seeds +Seeds 1, lateral or apical (reported by Van Setten & Koek-Noorman 1992), ellipsoid to globose, yellow to reddish-brown, surface deeply to shallowly pitted, lacking an aril, with a raised or sunken raphe encircling seed longitudinally (diagonally), regularly (or more sinuously), ruminations spiniform. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + 34 species in the Neotropics: from southern Costa Rica in the north to Bolivia in the south. Most species are distributed in regions surrounding the Andean mountain range, two in coastal Venezuela ( - -Cremastosperma macrocarpum + +Cremastosperma macrocarpum Maas and - -C. venezuelanum + +C. venezuelanum Pirie), one in French Guiana ( - -C. brevipes + +C. brevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.) and one widespread across Brazil, south of the Amazon River ( - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.). - -Habitat and ecology. - + +Habitat and ecology. + Lowland to premontane tropical wet forest, inundated areas and terra firme. At elevations of 0-2000 m. Flowers and fruit of species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma appear similar in overall morphology and ontology to those of other -Annonaceae +Annonaceae demonstrated or presumed to be beetle-pollinated and/or bird-dispersed. We have observed in various species that the inner petals form a loose pollination chamber when mature, similar to that observed in, for example, - -Guatteria + +Guatteria ( -Gottsberger 1970 +Gottsberger 1970 ); and flowers of -Malmeoideae +Malmeoideae genera in general are visited at least predominantly by small beetles ( -Saunders 2012 +Saunders 2012 ). Similarly, we have observed in various species that the fruits become fleshy at maturity and often present a colour contrast between, for example, black monocarps and bright red stipes, representing a classic bird/monkey dispersal syndrome ( -Gautier-Hion et al. 1985 +Gautier-Hion et al. 1985 ). However, we are unaware of detailed studies of either pollination biology or seed dispersal in species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma . - - -Figure 4. + + +Figure 4. Distribution map of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma showing the four disjunct areas of the distribution: -1 +1 the -Choco/Darien +Choco/Darien /western Ecuador region north into Central America -2 +2 the tropical Andes (including a rough demarcation between areas occupied by northern/lowland and southern/montane clades) -3 +3 coastal Venezuela -4 +4 French Guiana. - - -Figure 5. + + +Figure 5. Summary phylogeny of Malmeeae, adapted from -Chatrou et al. (2018) +Chatrou et al. (2018) . A putative synapomorphy for the the - -Malmea + +Malmea , - -Pseudoxandra + +Pseudoxandra and - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma clade is indicated; one node that is not subject to significant support is indicated with an asterisk. - - -Figure 6. + + +Figure 6. Phylogenetic hypotheses for - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma based on -rbcL +rbcL , -matK +matK , -trnT-F +trnT-F , -psbA-trnH +psbA-trnH , -ndhF +ndhF and pseud -trnL-F +trnL-F (adapted from -Pirie et al. (2018) +Pirie et al. (2018) ). -A +A Excluding taxa for which -ndhF +ndhF was unavailable -B +B including all taxa. Topologies and branch lengths are of the best scoring ML trees with scale in substitutions per site. Branch lengths subtending the ingroup are not to scale. Clade support is indicated: ML and parsimony bootstrap percentages (above; left and right, respectively) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (below). Geographically restricted clades/lineages are highlighted with different colours and labelled on the right. diff --git a/data/B9/5F/89/B95F8941053262F2D20DF6AC501EAD32.xml b/data/B9/5F/89/B95F8941053262F2D20DF6AC501EAD32.xml index 821b4b618c1..c2a8b0e7001 100644 --- a/data/B9/5F/89/B95F8941053262F2D20DF6AC501EAD32.xml +++ b/data/B9/5F/89/B95F8941053262F2D20DF6AC501EAD32.xml @@ -1,218 +1,218 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 2. -Cremastosperma antioquense Pirie -Fig. 9 -, Map 2 +Cremastosperma antioquense Pirie +Fig. 9 +, Map 2 - - -Cremastosperma antioquense + + +Cremastosperma antioquense Pirie, Blumea 50: 43, f. 1. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA, Antioquia: Mun. -Anori +Anori , Corregimiento Providencia, Buenos Aires, 4 km from Providencia, 500-700 m a.s.l., 10 Dec 1972, -Soejarto, D.D. 3586 +Soejarto, D.D. 3586 (holotype: COL! [COL000334459]; isotypes: F! [V0054279F], GH! [GH00257162], HUA, MEDEL! [MEDEL000017], MO! [MO-047625]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree ca. 5 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed brown hairs up to 0.2 mm long or glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 7-10 by 2-3 mm; lamina elliptic, 16-27 by 6-9.5 cm (index 2.3-2.8), chartaceous, drying to a mosaic of brown and lighter green on both sides, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 10-15 mm long), primary vein grooved in the basal half, 1-1.5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 8-11, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 10 mm at the base to 50 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50° at the base to 70° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 3-4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, axillary on leafy twigs or from main trunk, then solitary or clustered in groups of at least two on brachyblasts; peduncles ca. 2 by 1.5 mm (in flower), 2-3 by 1.5-2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 20-28 by ca. 1 mm at the base, 1.5-2 mm at the apex (in flower), 20-40 by ca. 2 mm at the base, ca. 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, obtuse, soon falling off; upper bract attached around halfway along pedicel, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, obtuse, outer side of upper and lower bracts rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds not seen; flowers light green, stamens and carpels yellowish or pinkish -in vivo +in vivo , petals dark brown, contrasting to lighter colour of sepals and pedicels -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals fused at base, deltate, appressed, 2-2.5 by 2-2.5 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; outer petals elliptic, ca. 12 by 8 mm, inner petals elliptic, 10-12 by 5-6 mm, outer side of outer and inner petals rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; receptacle depressed ovoid; androecium 5-7 mm diam., stamens ca. 1 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.7 mm wide, glabrous; gynoecium 1-1.5 mm diam., carpels ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous. -Monocarps +Monocarps ca. 10, ellipsoid to broadly so, strongly asymmetrical, 13-14 by 11 mm, orange to deep red, maturing to black -in vivo +in vivo , dark reddish-brown -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes orange to deep red -in vivo +in vivo , ca. 20 by 1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, ca. 6 mm diam; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, reddish-brown with dark pits each surrounded by a raised rim, ca. 12 by 9 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. -Colombia (Antioquia). + +Distribution. +Colombia (Antioquia). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary forest. At elevations of 500-700 m. Flowering: February, fruiting: December. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary forest. At elevations of 500-700 m. Flowering: February, fruiting: December. - -Notes. - + +Notes. + The distinctive strongly asymmetrical monocarps of - -Cremastosperma antioquense + +Cremastosperma antioquense could only be confused with those of - -C. chococola + +C. chococola ,and collections of both species display cauliflory (though not exclusively so in - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense ) with inflorescences inserted on similar brachyblasts. However, - -C. chococola + +C. chococola can easily be distinguished from - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense by its somewhat smaller, narrowly elliptic leaves with typical pinkish-brown colour on the underside (no such colour contrast in the brown/green-drying leaves of - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense ) and by the absence of hairs on the pedicels. The flowers of - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense are superficially similar to those of - -C. awaense + +C. awaense , particularly in the dimensions of the sepals and petals and lengths of the pedicels. However, petals of - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense are uniformly covered in indument in contrast to the distinctive indument patterning on those of - -C. awaense + +C. awaense and the fruits of the two species are more distinct: in contrast to - -C. awaense + +C. awaense , the monocarps of - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense are smaller, shorter than the stipes, strongly asymmetrical and entirely glabrous. In addition, none of the collections of - -C. awaense + +C. awaense display cauliflory, a condition found in both of the two collections of - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense . - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + None of the only three known collections of - -C. antioquense + +C. antioquense was found in protected areas. Given the low area of occupancy and a likely ongoing decline in area, extent and/or quality of the habitat, we propose to classify the species as Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Other specimens examined. - -COLOMBIA. Antioquia + +Other specimens examined. + +COLOMBIA. Antioquia : Providencia, -7°30'N +7°30'N , -74°40'W +74°40'W , 500-700 m a.s.l., 12 Feb 1971, -Soejarto 2798 +Soejarto 2798 (COL, GH, HUA); -Anori +Anori , Vereda "La Esperanza", -7°11'03"N +7°11'03"N , -75°01'53"W +75°01'53"W , 8 Nov 1999, -Tuberquia et al. 1416 +Tuberquia et al. 1416 (COL). - - -Figure 9. - -Cremastosperma antioquense + + +Figure 9. + +Cremastosperma antioquense Pirie. -a +a leaf and flower -b +b fruit ( -a -Soejarto 2798 -b -Soejarto 3586 +a +Soejarto 2798 +b +Soejarto 3586 ). diff --git a/data/C4/C8/3E/C4C83E51B4F569E2ACDCA89C7FB5EDF6.xml b/data/C4/C8/3E/C4C83E51B4F569E2ACDCA89C7FB5EDF6.xml index 897296e0729..8d15327d406 100644 --- a/data/C4/C8/3E/C4C83E51B4F569E2ACDCA89C7FB5EDF6.xml +++ b/data/C4/C8/3E/C4C83E51B4F569E2ACDCA89C7FB5EDF6.xml @@ -1,204 +1,204 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 32. -Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie -Fig. 42 -, Map 9 +Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie +Fig. 42 +, Map 9 - - -Cremastosperma venezuelanum + + +Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie, Blumea 50: 34, f. 1. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + VENEZUELA, Carababo: Autonomo Mora, Watershed of -Rio -Moron +Rio +Moron , 3 May 1991, - + Diaz, W. & -Nino +Nino , M. 231 (holotype: U! [U0012254]; isotype: NY! [NY00759136]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 7-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 10-20 mm long, 3-4 mm diam.; lamina narrowly elliptic, 30-53 by 9-15 cm (index 3-3.6), chartacous to subcoriacous, shiny, dark brown above, olive green/greyish/light to dark brown below, glabrous on both sides, base cordate (rarely rounded), apex obtuse to acute, primary vein 2.5-5 mm wide at the widest point, secondary veins 15-30, intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 12 mm at the base to 40 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 90° at the base to 60-50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming more or less indistinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-3 mm; tertiary veins showing some reticulation. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers clustered in groups of up to 6, produced from leafless branches or from the main trunk; peduncles ca. 2 by 1 mm (in flower), 3-5 by 1.5-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels ca. 11 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 16-22 by 1.5-2 mm (in fruit), glabrous; one lower bract, very broadly triangular, 0.5-1 mm long, obtuse, persistent, glabrous; upper bract attachment variable within central 80% of length, ca. 1 by 1.5 mm, depressed triangular, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers dark brown to black -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, depressed triangular, reflexed, ca. 1 by 1.5 mm, acute to obtuse, persistent on less mature fruits; outer petals elliptic, ca. 18 by 10 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 21 by 6 mm; androecium ca. 4 mm diam., stamens ca. 1 mm long, connective ca. 0.4 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.8 mm diam., carpels 0.6-0.7 mm long, glabrous. -Monocarps +Monocarps 20-35, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 17-20 by 12-13 mm, black -in sicco +in sicco , with a strongly excentric apicule; stipes 15-22 by 1.5-2 mm; fruiting receptacle 5-12 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, 15-17 by 13-16 mm, raphe raised, regular. - -Distribution. -Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo). + +Distribution. +Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo). - -Habitat and ecology. -Understorey of primary, moist, evergreen forest. At elevations of 350-1100 m. Fruiting: April and May; flowering: August. + +Habitat and ecology. +Understorey of primary, moist, evergreen forest. At elevations of 350-1100 m. Fruiting: April and May; flowering: August. - -Note. - - -Cremastosperma venezuelanum + +Note. + + +Cremastosperma venezuelanum is best distinguished from other species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma by its distinctive acute to obtuse leaf apex (as opposed to acuminate or caudate in other species). The combination of cordate (rarely rounded) leaf base, the large angles of the secondary with the primary veins near the base of the leaves and the lack of indument on any parts are also unique. Only one other species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma has been collected in Venezuela, - + C -macrocarpum +macrocarpum Maas, which has longer pedicels and larger monocarps with shorter, thicker stipes. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma venezuelanum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma venezuelanum is known from only four collections and its EOO and AOO would both qualify as Endangered; however it has been found within the bounds of a national park (Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela). Near Threatened [NT] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -VENEZUELA. Aragua + +Selected specimens examined. + +VENEZUELA. Aragua : Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Maracay-Ocumare, -10°21'N +10°21'N , -67°43'W +67°43'W , 740 m a.s.l., 1 Apr 1990, -Edwards et al. 397 +Edwards et al. 397 (NY); Parque Nacional Dos Riitos, -10°35'N +10°35'N , -68°00'W +68°00'W , 600 m a.s.l., 19 May 1943, -Killip +Killip & -Lasser 37752 +Lasser 37752 (NY, S). -Carababo +Carababo : -Rio +Rio San -Gian +Gian , S of Borburata, -10°10'N +10°10'N , -68°05'W +68°05'W , 350-500 m a.s.l., 7 Aug 1965, -Steyermark 94314 +Steyermark 94314 (NY, US). - - -Map 9. + + +Map 9. Distribution of - -C. macrocarpum + +C. macrocarpum Maas; and - -C. venezuelanum + +C. venezuelanum Pirie. - - -Figure 42. - -Cremastosperma venezuelanum + + +Figure 42. + +Cremastosperma venezuelanum Pirie. -a +a leaves -b +b flower -c +c immature fruit ( -a, c -Edwards 397 -b -Steyermark 94314 +a, c +Edwards 397 +b +Steyermark 94314 ). diff --git a/data/C8/AF/3D/C8AF3DA27C3A9B4B96790557B6BE7AF4.xml b/data/C8/AF/3D/C8AF3DA27C3A9B4B96790557B6BE7AF4.xml index 3101688e851..d80615c063b 100644 --- a/data/C8/AF/3D/C8AF3DA27C3A9B4B96790557B6BE7AF4.xml +++ b/data/C8/AF/3D/C8AF3DA27C3A9B4B96790557B6BE7AF4.xml @@ -1,188 +1,188 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 11. -Cremastosperma dolichocarpum Pirie -Figs 13 -, 19 -, Map 3 +Cremastosperma dolichocarpum Pirie +Figs 13 +, 19 +, Map 3 - - -Cremastosperma dolichocarpum + + +Cremastosperma dolichocarpum Pirie, Blumea 50: 49, f. 4. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA, Antioquia: Frontino, Nutibara, upper watershed of -Rio +Rio Cuevas, 15 Jul 1986. - -Sanchez + +Sanchez , D. et al. 415 (holotype: U [U0012253]; isotypes: COL! [COL000221555], MEDEL! [MEDEL000018, MEDEL000019]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 6-18 m tall, 15-22 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 3-6 by 1.5-2 mm, often with warts extending up primary vein; axillary buds densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 14-24.5 by 6-10 cm (index 1.6-3.1), chartaceous to subcoriaceous, mid-dark brown above, lighter below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long (particularly on veins) below, base obtuse-acute (narrowly cuneate), apex acuminate (acumen 5-15 mm long), primary vein not conspicuously grooved, 1-2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (5 --)7-9(- +-)7-9(- 11), intersecondary veins occasional, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein 40-50° at the base to 50-70° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops in the apical half-two thirds, smallest distance between loops and margin 1.5-4 mm, tertiary veins percurrent with significant reticulation. -Inflorescences +Inflorescences of single flowers solitary or clustered in groups of 2 (or more), produced from leafy twigs or leafless branches; peduncles of two internodes, the second 1.2-4 by 1 mm (in flower), approx. 2 by 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels 28-47 by 1 mm at the base, 1-1.5 mm at the apex (in flower), 40-55 by 1.5-2 mm at the base, 2-2.5 mm at the apex (in fruit); peduncles and pedicels rather densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long; two lower bracts (one on each internode), the apical one persisting later into flowering, 1-1.5 by 0.7-1 mm, broadly ovate, obtuse, soon falling off, rather densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long; upper bract broadly to narrowly ovate, 1-3.5 by 1-2 mm, obtuse, persistent, densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid; flowers green maturing to yellow -in vivo +in vivo , brown outside and black inside -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals free, ovate, appressed, 3-4 mm long, obtuse, occasionally persistent on less mature fruit, densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long; outer petals ovate to broadly so, 10-15 by 9-11 mm, inner petals ovate, 10-16 by 7-8 mm densely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long; receptacle ovoid to depressed ovoid; androecium 3-5 mm diam., stamens 1-1.2 mm long, connective appendage ca. 1 mm wide; gynoecium 1.5-2 mm diam., carpels 0.5-0.6 mm long, glabrous. -Monocarps +Monocarps 10-20 (fully ripe fruit not observed), black -in sicco +in sicco , ellipsoid or narrowly so, 27-28 by 11-12 mm, with an excentric apicule (obvious only in immature fruit); stipes 17-19 by 1.5-2 mm; fruiting receptacle broadly ovoid, 4-5 mm diam.; monocarps and stipes sparsely covered with golden appressed hairs <0.1mm long or glabrous, receptacle often sparsely covered with white-yellow appressed hairs 0.3-0.5 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid to narrowly so, ca. 17 by 7 mm, dark brown and wrinkled, raphe sunken, encircling seed diagonally. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Colombia (Antioquia, northern and western foothills of the Cordillera Occidental; one specimen potentially representing the species from Riseralda [ -Betancur +Betancur & -al. 33011 +al. 33011 ]). - -Habitat and ecology. -Forest, at elevations of 1200-1500 m. Flowering: May and December; fruiting: May, July and December. + +Habitat and ecology. +Forest, at elevations of 1200-1500 m. Flowering: May and December; fruiting: May, July and December. - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma dolichocarpum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma dolichocarpum can be distinguished from other species of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma by the unique long-ellipsoid monocarps after which the species is named and identified even when sterile by the conspicuous axillary buds with dense indument. - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + Most of the collections of - -Cremastosperma dolichocarpum + +Cremastosperma dolichocarpum are from two national parks (Parque Nacional Las -Orquideas +Orquideas and Parque Nacional Paramillo), but overall they represent a small number of populations within a restricted area. Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -COLOMBIA. Antioquia + +Selected specimens examined. + +COLOMBIA. Antioquia : Parque Nacional Las -Orquideas +Orquideas , -6°32'N +6°32'N , -76°14'W +76°14'W , 1450 m a.s.l., 13 Aug 1993, -Cogollo et al. 6345 +Cogollo et al. 6345 (MO); Parque Nacional Paramillo, -Rio +Rio San Jorge, -7°15'N +7°15'N , -75°55'W +75°55'W , 1560 m a.s.l., 3 Mar 1993, -Gentry et al. 79039 +Gentry et al. 79039 (U); Urrao, -6°29'N +6°29'N , -76°14'W +76°14'W , 1300 m a.s.l., 11 Dec 1992, -Pipoly et al. 16951 +Pipoly et al. 16951 (MO). - - -Figure 19. - -Cremastosperma dolichocarpum + + +Figure 19. + +Cremastosperma dolichocarpum Pirie. -a +a flower -b +b leaf and fruit ( -a -Callejas 3110 -b - -Sanchez +a +Callejas 3110 +b + +Sanchez 415 ). diff --git a/data/D1/25/2A/D1252A21984BE1344FFAAD9A11FAC685.xml b/data/D1/25/2A/D1252A21984BE1344FFAAD9A11FAC685.xml index b163a69b544..109c198aedb 100644 --- a/data/D1/25/2A/D1252A21984BE1344FFAAD9A11FAC685.xml +++ b/data/D1/25/2A/D1252A21984BE1344FFAAD9A11FAC685.xml @@ -1,234 +1,234 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 30. -Cremastosperma peruvianum R.E.Fr. -Fig. 40 -, Map 7 +Cremastosperma peruvianum R.E.Fr. +Fig. 40 +, Map 7 - - -Cremastosperma peruvianum + + +Cremastosperma peruvianum R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 204. 1934. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Loreto: upper -Rio -Maranon +Rio +Maranon , Pongo de Manseriche, 160 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1924, -Tessmann. G. 4176 +Tessmann. G. 4176 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242364]; isotype: S! [S-R-6968]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 2-7 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 3-15 by 4-8 mm, verrucose or transversally furrowed; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 38-64 by 11 --17(- +-17(- 24) cm (index 2.7-4.4), chartaceous or coriaceous, pale olive or brownish-green on both sides, glabrous, base obtuse, rounded or cordate, often asymmetrical, apex acuminate (acumen 15-35 mm long), primary vein deeply grooved in basal half, 3-5 mm wide at widest point, glabrous, secondary veins 20-26, intersecondary veins 1-2, distance between from 2-10 mm at the base, 20-40 mm in the centre, 10-20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 55-65° at the base to 70-80° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-4 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single solitary flowers, on leafy or leafless twigs; short axillary shoot, 1-1.5 by 1-1.5 mm (in flower), ca. 3 by ca. 2.5 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs <0.1 mm long or glabrous; pedicels 18-20 by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 20-25 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), red -in vivo +in vivo , glabrous; 2 lower bracts, elliptic, ca. 1 by 0.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs <0.1 mm long; upper bract attached near the base of the pedicel, (broadly) ovate, 1.5-3 by ca. 1.5 mm, rounded, glabrous; closed flower buds broadly ovoid-triangular, remaining loosely closed in development; flowers green, maturing to bright yellow (green at the base) outside, brown inside -in vivo +in vivo , orange or yellowish-brown (sepals and bracts lighter) -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, broadly ovate, appressed, ca. 4 by 3.5 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals elliptic to narrowly obovate, 15-29 by 8-13 mm, obtuse, inner petals narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, (13-)21-25 by 4-8 mm; androecium diam. unknown, stamens 1.5-2 mm long, connective appendage 0.6-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium diam. unknown, carpels ca. 2 mm long. -Monocarps +Monocarps 3-20, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 16-19 by 12-13 mm, green maturing to yellow, purple or black -in vivo +in vivo , reddish-brown, dark brown or black -in sicco +in sicco , without apparent apicule; stipes 20-40 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-9 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds broadly ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 11 by 10 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. -Peru (Amazonas, Loreto). + +Distribution. +Peru (Amazonas, Loreto). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary, non-inundated forest, on white sand or red clay. At elevations of 170-400 m. Flowering: September and October; fruiting: April, June - August and October. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary, non-inundated forest, on white sand or red clay. At elevations of 170-400 m. Flowering: September and October; fruiting: April, June - August and October. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Peru: Achuana ( -Kayap 631 +Kayap 631 ), Chiwanim ( -Ancuash 262, 1517, Berlin 2079, Knapp et al. 7645 +Ancuash 262, 1517, Berlin 2079, Knapp et al. 7645 ), -Yais +Yais ( -Huashikat, V 577 +Huashikat, V 577 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma peruvianum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma peruvianum can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its long, relatively narrow leaves (often with cordate base) and long stipes. The flower resembles that of - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum in shape, but is larger, with relatively larger sepals and borne on a shorter, thicker pedicel. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma peruvianum + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma peruvianum is uncommon within a relatively small range, not within protected areas. Vulnerable [VU] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -PERU. Amazonas + +Selected specimens examined. + +PERU. Amazonas : -Rio +Rio Cenepa, Huampami, -4°30'S +4°30'S , -78°30'W +78°30'W , 200-250 m a.s.l., 15 Aug 1978, -Ancuash 1517 +Ancuash 1517 (U); Distr. Santiago, -4°00'56"S +4°00'56"S , -77°35'19"W +77°35'19"W , 275 m a.s.l., 10 Aug 2011, -Huamantupa et al. 15601 +Huamantupa et al. 15601 (L, MO); -Rio +Rio Santiago valley, Quebrada Caterpiza, 200 m a.s.l., 4 Sep 1979, -Huashikat 357 +Huashikat 357 (MO); Bagua, Putuim, -4°55'S +4°55'S , -78°19'W +78°19'W , 480 m a.s.l., 19 Jun 1996, - + E. -Rodriguez +Rodriguez et al. 1112 (HUT, U, USM); -Rio +Rio Cenepa region, community Aguaruna Pagki-Suwa, -4°31'35"S +4°31'35"S , -78°10'34"W +78°10'34"W , 289 m a.s.l., 24 Jan 1997, - + E. -Rodriguez +Rodriguez et al. 22253 (HUT); -Rio +Rio Comaina, -4°23'S +4°23'S , -78°21'W +78°21'W , 800 m a.s.l., 21 Aug 1994, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 18990 (U). -Loreto +Loreto : Yanayacu, 6 km W of Sarameriza, -Rio -Maranon +Rio +Maranon , -4°45'S +4°45'S , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 170 m a.s.l., 8 Jun 1986, -Knapp et al. 7645 +Knapp et al. 7645 (U). - - -Figure 40. - -Cremastosperma peruvianum + + +Figure 40. + +Cremastosperma peruvianum R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower bud ( -a -Knapp et al. 7645 -b - -Diaz +a +Knapp et al. 7645 +b + +Diaz et al. 8225 ). diff --git a/data/D5/5C/3C/D55C3C6F7430EC132ACE54566BF6D0AF.xml b/data/D5/5C/3C/D55C3C6F7430EC132ACE54566BF6D0AF.xml index 88c2cac08ac..de6b82dce6b 100644 --- a/data/D5/5C/3C/D55C3C6F7430EC132ACE54566BF6D0AF.xml +++ b/data/D5/5C/3C/D55C3C6F7430EC132ACE54566BF6D0AF.xml @@ -1,300 +1,300 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 22. -Cremastosperma napoense Pirie -Fig. 31 -, Map 3 +Cremastosperma napoense Pirie +Fig. 31 +, Map 3 - - -Cremastosperma napoense + + +Cremastosperma napoense Pirie, Blumea 50: 54, f. 7. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + ECUADOR, Napo: -Canton +Canton Archidonia, foothills south of Volcano Sumaco, km 50 on -Hollin +Hollin - Loreto road, community Huahua Sumaco, 3 May 1989, -Alvarado, A. 267 +Alvarado, A. 267 (holotype: U! [U0012198]; isotypes: AAU!, MO! [MO-047571], QCNE). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 5-20 m tall, 10-15 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 8-12(-18) by 3-4 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 17-42 by 7-13 cm (index 1.8-3.9), chartaceous, olive green or brown on both sides, venation darker below, glabrous above, rather densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long on veins below, base acute, apex acute to acuminate (acumen 5-15 mm long), primary vein grooved over entire leaf length, verrucose at the base, 3-4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins (8-)10-15, occasionally 1 or 2 intersecondary veins, distance between from 4-9 mm at the base, 20-50(-60) mm in the centre to 10-30 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 40-50° at the base to 70-80° closer to the apex, occasionally branching, forming more or less distinct loops in the apical half, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of 1-8 flowers, branching, solitary or clustered in groups of 2, on leafless twigs and branches; peduncles 7-22 by 1-1.5 mm (in flower), 10-22 by 2.5-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 25-38 by ca. 1 mm at the base, 1.5-2 mm at the apex (in flower), 25-38 by 2-3 mm at the base, 2-4 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish to golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; single lower bract, soon falling off; upper bract attached around halfway along the pedicel, broadly to depressed elliptic or broadly to depressed ovate, 1-2 by 1.5-1.8 mm, obtuse, outer side densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening early in development; flowers green, maturing to greenish-yellow or cream -in vivo +in vivo , brown -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals fused for first 0.5 mm, deltate, appressed (basal 1 mm of sepals and petals reflexed), 2.5-3 by ca. 3 mm, acute or obtuse, soon falling off, inner side glabrous, outer side rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; outer petals elliptic, 8-15 by 5-9 mm, inner petals elliptic, 12-14 by 5-7 mm, inner side of inner and outer petals glabrous, most of outer side of outer petals rather densely to densely covered with appressed whitish-golden hairs to 0.2 mm long (towards the margins and apex glabrous), outer side of inner petals largely glabrous but with a narrow, dense, sometimes branching band of appressed, whitish-golden, to 0.2 mm long hairs extending from the base to halfway towards the apex; receptacle depressed ovoid; androecium ca. 6 mm diam., stamens 1-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels up to ca. 40, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous or sparsely covered with appressed, whitish-golden, to 0.2 mm long hairs. -Monocarps +Monocarps 16-37, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 12-20 by 10-13 mm, green maturing to dark purple or black -in vivo +in vivo , black -in sicco +in sicco ; stipes 20-30 by 2-3 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 7-12 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, brown, lightly furrowed (not pitted), ca. 13 by 9 mm, raphe neither sunken nor raised, encircling seed longitudinally. - -Distribution. -Ecuador (Napo, one collection in Pastaza). + +Distribution. +Ecuador (Napo, one collection in Pastaza). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary pluvial premontane forest, often on volcanic soils but also reported growing on limestone. At elevations of 600-1300 m. Flowering: September, November, December and February; fruiting: August to December, March to May. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary pluvial premontane forest, often on volcanic soils but also reported growing on limestone. At elevations of 600-1300 m. Flowering: September, November, December and February; fruiting: August to December, March to May. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Ecuador: Ayacara (Quichua; -Alvarado 267 +Alvarado 267 , - -Ceron + +Ceron & Hurtado 6663, Hurtado & Alvarado 322, 896, 941, Hurtado et al. 2096 ), Naguan ( -T.D. Pennington et al. 12266 +T.D. Pennington et al. 12266 ). - -Notes. - + +Notes. + The characteristic pattern of indument on the inner petals of - -Cremastosperma napoense + +Cremastosperma napoense appears to be unique for the genus. The species can be further distinguished by the combination of a branching inflorescence and glabrous fruits. The only other species in the genus with such an inflorescence are - -C. alticola + +C. alticola and - -C. cauliflorum + +C. cauliflorum . - -Cremastosperma alticola + +Cremastosperma alticola differs in the much shorter stipes and larger monocarps. - -C. cauliflorum + +C. cauliflorum differs both in the presence of brown indument on the (characteristic globose to transversely broadly elliptic) monocarps and in the dense covering of much longer hairs on the flowers. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma napoense + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma napoense is represented by a moderate number of collections spread across an area that, due to its limited size, would qualify as Vulnerable; however it includes sites wthin a national park that might ameliorate habitat decline. Near Threatened [NT] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -ECUADOR. Napo + +Selected specimens examined. + +ECUADOR. Napo : Parque Nacional Sumaco, -0°44'S +0°44'S , -77°34'W +77°34'W , 1100 m a.s.l., 1 May 1991, -Alvarado 427 +Alvarado 427 (U); -Hollin-Loreto +Hollin-Loreto road, foothills of -Volcan +Volcan Sumaco, -0°38'S +0°38'S , -77°27'W +77°27'W , 1000 m a.s.l., 29 Apr 1989, - -Ceron + +Ceron & -F. Hurtado 6663 +F. Hurtado 6663 (U); Reserva de Biosfera Sumaco, -0°49'39"S +0°49'39"S , -77°33'47"W +77°33'47"W , 1160 m a.s.l., 26 Feb 2003, -Cevallos 55 +Cevallos 55 (MO); -Hollin-Loreto +Hollin-Loreto road, -0°43'S +0°43'S , -77°40'W +77°40'W , 1230 m a.s.l., 10 Nov 1988, -F. Hurtado +F. Hurtado & -Alvarado 896 +Alvarado 896 (U); Codo Bajo, -0°30'S +0°30'S , -77°15'W +77°15'W , 660 m a.s.l., 18 Sep 1990, -J. Jaramillo et al. 12840 +J. Jaramillo et al. 12840 (AAU); Gonzalo Pizarro, -Rio +Rio Tigre, Lumbaqui-Reventador rd, -0°05'S +0°05'S , -77°24'W +77°24'W , 900-1100 m a.s.l., 19 Feb 1987, -Neill +Neill & -Palacios 7649 +Palacios 7649 (MO, U); -Hollin-Loreto-Coca +Hollin-Loreto-Coca road, -0°40'S +0°40'S , -77°00'W +77°00'W , 1200 m a.s.l., 11 Dec 1987, -Neill et al. 8089 +Neill et al. 8089 (AAU, GB, K, MO, NY, QCNE, U); -Volcan +Volcan Sumaco, 5 km E of -Huamani +Huamani , -0°44'S +0°44'S , -77°35'W +77°35'W , 1100 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 1989, -Neill +Neill & -Palacios 9088 +Palacios 9088 (U); -Canton +Canton El Chaco, -Rio +Rio Granadillo, -0°08'S +0°08'S , -77°28'W +77°28'W , 1300 m a.s.l., 13 Sep 1990, -Palacios 5485 +Palacios 5485 (U). -Pastaza +Pastaza : Puyo, Colonia -Bolivar +Bolivar , -1°23'S +1°23'S , -77°45'W +77°45'W , 1000 m a.s.l., 15 Dec 1997, -Neill 11048 +Neill 11048 (U). - -Sucumbios + +Sucumbios : Sinangoe Station, Cucocco beach camp, -0°07'49"S +0°07'49"S , -77°33'20"W +77°33'20"W , 8 Aug 2001, -Aguinda et al. 1581 +Aguinda et al. 1581 (F); -Cofan +Cofan de -Sinanguee +Sinanguee , -0°08'N +0°08'N , -77°27'W +77°27'W , 700-800 m a.s.l., 4 Dec 1992, - -Ceron + +Ceron 20815 (MO, U). - - -Figure 31. - -Cremastosperma napoense + + +Figure 31. + +Cremastosperma napoense Pirie. -a +a inflorescences -b +b infrutescence and leaf ( -a - -Ceron +a + +Ceron 2986 -b -Alvarado 267 +b +Alvarado 267 ). diff --git a/data/D5/67/E0/D567E00D6D1AD664B24C65DB81A52DFD.xml b/data/D5/67/E0/D567E00D6D1AD664B24C65DB81A52DFD.xml index 3ee6e0d7bd7..bea5c7554c2 100644 --- a/data/D5/67/E0/D567E00D6D1AD664B24C65DB81A52DFD.xml +++ b/data/D5/67/E0/D567E00D6D1AD664B24C65DB81A52DFD.xml @@ -1,192 +1,192 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 23. -Cremastosperma novogranatense R.E.Fr. -Fig. 32 -, Map 2 +Cremastosperma novogranatense R.E.Fr. +Fig. 32 +, Map 2 - - -Cremastosperma novogranatense + + +Cremastosperma novogranatense R.E.Fr., Ark. Bot. 1: 329. 1950. - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA, Valle del Cauca: Costa del Pacifico, -Rio +Rio Cajambre, Silva, 5-80 m a.s.l., 5-15 May 1944, -Cuatrecasas, J. 17573 +Cuatrecasas, J. 17573 (holotype: S! [two sheets S-R-6965, S10-19867]; isotypes: F! [V0054583F, V0054584F], US! [US00811252, US00104265], VALLE! [VALLE000050, VALLE000051]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 8-20 m tall, 5-13 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles densely covered with appressed or erect golden to whitish hairs to 0.4 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles (6-)10-20 by 3-5 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate (24-)32-50 by 11-21 cm (index 2.2-2.8), chartaceous, pale brownish-green to greyish-green above, pale brownish-green below, glabrous above, veins sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden to whitish hairs to 0.5 mm long below, base obtuse to rounded, apex acuminate (acumen 15-40 mm long), primary vein 2-4 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 10-13, intersecondary veins 1-3, distance between from 4 mm at the base to up to 40 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 50-70° at the base to 45-55° closer to the apex, not branching forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-7 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary (or clustered in groups of 2), on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles 2-3 by ca. 2 mm (in flower), 2-4 by 2.5-3 mm (in fruit); pedicels 10-20 by ca. 2 mm (in flower), 13-27 by 2.5-3 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely to densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.4 mm long; single lower bract, ovate, ca. 2 by 1.5 mm, acute, often persistent, outer sides of bracts, of sepals and of petals densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.6 mm long; upper bract in the lower half of the pedicel, broadly to depressed ovate, 2-3.5 by 1.5-2 mm, acute; closed flower buds globose; flowers pale green, sepals light brownish-green -in vivo +in vivo , outer side of sepals and petals dark yellow or greyish-green, inner side reddish-brown or dark brown -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals free, ovate to broadly ovate, appressed or patent, 7-10 by 7-8 mm, obtuse, often persistent, with prominent venation; outer petals elliptic, 17-29 by 10-16 mm, obtuse, inner petals narrowly elliptic, 28-33 by 9-12 mm, obtuse; androecium not seen; stamens 1.6-1.9 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium not seen. -Monocarps +Monocarps 3-14, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 16-22 by 10-13 mm, yellow, orange, red or pale brown -in vivo +in vivo , blackish-brown to black -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes 1.5-4 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-10 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed brown hairs to 0.2 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, yellowish-brown, very shallowly pitted, ca. 16 by 10 mm, raphe sunken, irregular. - -Distribution. -Pacific coast of Colombia (Valle del Cauca). + +Distribution. +Pacific coast of Colombia (Valle del Cauca). - -Habitat and ecology. -Rainforest. At elevations of 0-130 m. Flowering: September and October; fruiting: May, September. + +Habitat and ecology. +Rainforest. At elevations of 0-130 m. Flowering: September and October; fruiting: May, September. - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma novogranatense + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma novogranatense can be distinguished by its almost astipitate monocarps and by the large and densely hairy flowers with unusually large, often persistent, sepals. It is most similar to - -C. westrae + +C. westrae , the sepals of which are much smaller and indument in general of shorter, less dense hairs. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma novogranatense + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma novogranatense is represented by just seven collections within a small area without protected status. Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca + +Selected specimens examined. + +COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca : -Rio +Rio Calima, -Choco +Choco region, 20-40 m a.s.l., 24 May 1946, -Cuatrecasas 21288 +Cuatrecasas 21288 (F, P, S, US); -Rio +Rio Calima, Quebrada de -Lopez +Lopez , 20-40 m a.s.l., 23 Sep 1961, -Cuatrecasas et al. 26031 +Cuatrecasas et al. 26031 (US); -Cordoba +Cordoba , -3°49'41"N +3°49'41"N , -76°52'10"W +76°52'10"W , 130 m a.s.l., 16 Oct 1996, -Devia et al. 5335 +Devia et al. 5335 (MO); Bajo Calima, -3°50'N +3°50'N , -77°10'W +77°10'W , 50 m a.s.l., 7 May 1987, -Faber-Langendoen +Faber-Langendoen & -Renteria 476 +Renteria 476 (U); Bajo Calima, Juanchaco Palmeras, -3°56'N +3°56'N , -77°08'W +77°08'W , 50 m a.s.l., 18 Apr 1987, -Gentry et al. 57078 +Gentry et al. 57078 (MO, U); Bajo Calima, -3°55'N +3°55'N , -77°00'W +77°00'W , 100 m a.s.l., 24 Sep 1987, -Monsalve 1816 +Monsalve 1816 (MO). - - -Figure 32. - -Cremastosperma novogranatense + + +Figure 32. + +Cremastosperma novogranatense R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower ( -a -Cuatrecasas 17573 -b -Cuatrecasas & Willard 26031 +a +Cuatrecasas 17573 +b +Cuatrecasas & Willard 26031 ). diff --git a/data/DC/84/57/DC84576B9BF4EEBDDC74E5D600BAB456.xml b/data/DC/84/57/DC84576B9BF4EEBDDC74E5D600BAB456.xml index 901db963073..2fc3628036a 100644 --- a/data/DC/84/57/DC84576B9BF4EEBDDC74E5D600BAB456.xml +++ b/data/DC/84/57/DC84576B9BF4EEBDDC74E5D600BAB456.xml @@ -1,345 +1,345 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 27. -Cremastosperma panamense Maas -Figs 36a, b -, 7 -, Map 2 +Cremastosperma panamense Maas +Figs 36a, b +, 7 +, Map 2 - - -Cremastosperma panamense + + +Cremastosperma panamense Maas, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C 89: 254, f. 5 & 6.1986. - -Type. - + +Type. + PANAMA. Canal Zone: NW part of Canal Zone, area W of Limon Bay, Gatun Locks and Gatun Lake, Maru Towers, 7 Apr 1956, -Johnston, I.M. 1812 +Johnston, I.M. 1812 (holotype: MO! [MO-047502]; isotypes: A! [00072231], MICH! [MICH1256197]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub 1.5 --7(- +-7(- 20) m tall, 3-10 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 2-10 by 1-2.5 mm, caniculate above, verrucose or furrowed; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 8-22 by 2-7 cm (index 2.7-4.7), chartaceous, green, brownish-green or greyish-green (or brown) above, (pale) green, (pale) brownish-green (or brown) below, shiny on both sides, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse, decurrent, rarely narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate (acumen 5-25 mm long), primary vein occasionally shallowly grooved at the base, 1-1.5 mm wide at widest point, verrucose below, secondary veins 5-10, intersecondary veins 1-4, distance between from 5-20 mm at the base to 15-25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 35 --55(- +-55(- 70)° at the base to 60-75° closer to the apex, not branching, forming mostly distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-5 mm, tertiary veins largely reticulate. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles 1-3 by 0.5-1 mm (in flower), 1-3 by 1.5-2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with erect whitish to golden hairs to 0.1 mm long; pedicels 12-20 by 0.5-0.8 mm at the base (in flower), 13-22 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), glabrous; (1 --)2- +-)2- 3(-several) lower bract(s), deltate, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, obtuse, mostly soon falling off, sparsely covered with erect whitish to golden hairs to 0.1 mm long; upper bract halfway along the pedicel, ovate to depressed ovate, 1-1.5 by 0.7-1mm, acute, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous; closed flower buds very broadly ovoid, opening in development; flowers green when immature, maturing to white, cream, or (pale) yellow -in vivo +in vivo , yellow brown, dark brown or blackish brown -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, broadly to very broadly ovate, appressed or patent, 1.5-3 by 1.5-3 mm, obtuse, soon falling off or persistent; outer petals narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 7-18 by 4-6 mm, obtuse, inner petals narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 10-25 by 3-5 mm, obtuse; androecium diam. unknown, stamens 1.2-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.7-0.9 mm wide; gynoecium diam. unknown, carpels ca. 35, 2 mm long, glabrous. -Monocarps +Monocarps (2 --)8- +-)8- 30, more or less globose, slightly asymmetrical, 8-13 by 7-11 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange, red or black -in vivo +in vivo , pale brown, reddish-brown or brown -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes 7-21 by 1 --1.5(- +-1.5(- 3) mm; fruiting receptacle 3-8 mm diam., monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds broadly ellipsoid, globose or transversally ellipsoid, light brown, pitted, 7-12 by 6-10 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Panama ( -Cocle +Cocle , -Colon +Colon , -Panama +Panama and San Blas). - -Habitat and ecology. -Evergreen tropical wet forest, cloud forest or low swampy places or in disturbed areas. At elevations of 0-800 m. Flowering: April, May, July and August; fruiting: throughout the year. + +Habitat and ecology. +Evergreen tropical wet forest, cloud forest or low swampy places or in disturbed areas. At elevations of 0-800 m. Flowering: April, May, July and August; fruiting: throughout the year. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Panama: Palo santo (Panamanian name), Sate wawa (Kuna; -Nevers 4898 +Nevers 4898 ), Waras gid (Kuna; -Nevers 6513) +Nevers 6513) . - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma panamense + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma panamense appears similar to - -C. magdalenae + +C. magdalenae , but can be distinguished by the smaller size of the sepals, which additionally persist less frequently into fruiting. - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum and - -C. chococola + +C. chococola are both geographically close (Pacific coast of Colombia) and share the characters of glabrous pedicels (flowers) and fruits. However, the pedicels of - -C. chococola + +C. chococola are considerably longer and the shape of the larger monocarps of - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum (ellipsoid as opposed to roughly globose), as well as the larger leaves, allow easy distinction in both cases. The colour of the relatively small leaves (drying consistently green), the relatively large distance between the loops of their secondary veins and the margin and the reticulate and indistinct nature of tertiary and quaternary venation of - -C. panamense + +C. panamense are also distinctive. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma panamense + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma panamense has been described as common in the San Blas region of Panama. It has been collected fairly frequently near roads in the surrounding region, but not within protected areas and with an EOO that would be sufficiently small as to qualify as Vulnerable. Given its apparent local abundance but restricted distribution: Near Threatened [NT] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - - + +Selected specimens examined. + + PANAMA. -Cocle +Cocle : -Cano +Cano Blanco del Norte, Cano Sucio, -8°42'N +8°42'N , -80°36'W +80°36'W , 200-400 m a.s.l., 3 Oct 1983, -Davidse et al. 23634 +Davidse et al. 23634 (MO). - -Colon + +Colon : Santa Rita Ridge road, -9°20'N +9°20'N , -79°46'W +79°46'W , 300 m a.s.l., 16 Jun 1994, -Galdames et al. 1162 +Galdames et al. 1162 (US); Parque Nacional Lorenzo, road to Sherman Crane, -9°16'N +9°16'N , -79°58'W +79°58'W , 150 m a.s.l., 7 Jun 2004, -Maas et al. 9559 +Maas et al. 9559 (U); Teck Cominco Petaquilla mining concession, -8°50'58"N +8°50'58"N , -80°38'53"W +80°38'53"W , 180 m a.s.l., 25 Jun 2008, -McPherson 20670 +McPherson 20670 (WAG). -Panama +Panama : El -Llano-Carti +Llano-Carti road, -9°15'N +9°15'N , -79°00'W +79°00'W , 350 m a.s.l., 22 Aug 1986, -McPherson 9957 +McPherson 9957 (MO, U). -San Blas +San Blas : Mountain range opposite Nargana island, -9°22'N +9°22'N , -78°34'W +78°34'W , 65 m a.s.l., 12 Aug 1994, -Galdames et al. 1585 +Galdames et al. 1585 (NY); Yannuadi, -9°22'N +9°22'N , -78°35'W +78°35'W , 50-100 m a.s.l., 23 Oct 1992, -H. Herrera et al. 1231 +H. Herrera et al. 1231 (MO); Nusagandi, Sendero Wedar, -9°18'N +9°18'N , -78°58'W +78°58'W , 300-400 m a.s.l., 19 Jul 1985, -McDonagh et al. 181 +McDonagh et al. 181 (MO); Nusagandi, -9°19'N +9°19'N , -78°15'W +78°15'W , 300 m a.s.l., 31 Jul 1984, -De Nevers et al. 3601 +De Nevers et al. 3601 (MO); Lower -Rio -Cangandi +Rio +Cangandi , -9°27'N +9°27'N , -79°08'W +79°08'W , 0-20 m a.s.l., 14 Jan 1985, -De Nevers +De Nevers & -H. Herrera 4571 +H. Herrera 4571 (MO, U); -Rio +Rio Cangandi, -9°24'N +9°24'N , -79°24'W +79°24'W , 0-100 m a.s.l., 17 Feb 1985, -De Nevers et al. 4898 +De Nevers et al. 4898 (MO, U). - - -Figure 36. - -Cremastosperma panamense + + +Figure 36. + +Cremastosperma panamense Maas. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flowers ( -a -Johnston 1812 -b -Perez 832 +a +Johnston 1812 +b +Perez 832 ). - - -Figure 37. -a - -Cremastosperma panamense + + +Figure 37. +a + +Cremastosperma panamense Maas. Fruiting specimen (photo: Robin Foster) - -b-e + +b-e - -C. pendulum + +C. pendulum (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E.Fr. -b +b habit -c +c flower bud (Pirie et al. 33; photos MDP) -d +d flowering and fruiting branch -e +e flower ( - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 34206 , photos Rodolfo -Vasquez +Vasquez ) -f, g - -C. westrae +f, g + +C. westrae Pirie fruiting specimen (photos Robin Foster) - -h-j + +h-j - -C. yamayakatense + +C. yamayakatense Pirie -h +h habit, fruiting specimen ( -Pirie et al. 57 +Pirie et al. 57 ) -i +i flower bud ( -Pirie et al. 58 +Pirie et al. 58 ) -j +j mature fruit ( -Pirie et al. 60 +Pirie et al. 60 ; photos MDP). diff --git a/data/F7/D8/BA/F7D8BA7AB656CDAA4657CD1AEF39D3ED.xml b/data/F7/D8/BA/F7D8BA7AB656CDAA4657CD1AEF39D3ED.xml index f9198caee56..afedcddb471 100644 --- a/data/F7/D8/BA/F7D8BA7AB656CDAA4657CD1AEF39D3ED.xml +++ b/data/F7/D8/BA/F7D8BA7AB656CDAA4657CD1AEF39D3ED.xml @@ -1,531 +1,531 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 13. -Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr. -Figs 1d -, 21 -, Map 4 +Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr. +Figs 1d +, 21 +, Map 4 - - -Cremastosperma gracilipes + + +Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 325. t. 26. - -Type. - + +Type. + PERU, Ost-Peru, Regenwald von Ost-Peru: Stromgebiet des -Maranon +Maranon von Iquitos -aufwaertsbis +aufwaertsbis zur Santiago -Muendung +Muendung am Pongo de Manseriche, oberer -Maranon +Maranon ; unterhalb des Pongo de Manseriche, flutfreier Hochwald, 155 m a.s.l., 13 Dec 1924, -Tessmann, G. 4748 +Tessmann, G. 4748 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242370]; isotype: S! [S-R-6960]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree or -shrub +shrub 0.5-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed brown hairs to 0.4 mm long. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 2-8 by 1-2.5 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 11-28 by 3-10 cm (index 2 --4(- +-4(- 4.7)), chartaceous, (pale) greyish- or brownish-green on both sides, often more greyish above, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse or rounded, apex caudate (cusp 10-35 mm long), primary vein lightly grooved for basal third, 1-1.5 mm wide at widest point, more or less verrucose below, secondary veins 8-17, often 1-3 intersecondary veins, distance between from ca. 5 mm at the base to up to 25(-30) mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein rather variable, from 45-80° at the base to 60-80° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-6.5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single, solitary flowers, on leafy twigs; peduncles 1-4 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 2-5 by 1.5-2 mm (in fruit); pedicels (12 --)15- +-)15- 25 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 14-30 by 1-1.5 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely covered with more or less erect brown hairs 0.2 mm long; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, soon falling off, rather densely covered with more or less erect brown hairs 0.2 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along the pedicel, ovate or broadly so, 1-3 by ca. 1 mm, obtuse or acute, outer side sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green to greenish-yellow, pale yellow or cream -in vivo +in vivo , dark brown with a lighter brown calyx -in sicco +in sicco , outer sides of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with erect or appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long, inner sides glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long (or inner petals papillate); sepals free, broadly ovate to deltate, recurved, 3-4 by 2.5-4 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals (broadly) elliptic to ovate, 9-15 by 7-12 mm, inner petals elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 8-16 by 4-7 mm; androecium ca. 5 mm diam., stamens 1.2-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.7-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels ca. 25, ca. 2.2 mm long, sparsely covered with erect golden hairs 0.1 mm long. -Monocarps +Monocarps 3-23, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 10-15 by 7-9 mm, with an excentric apicule, green maturing to pink or yellow through to red, purple and black -in vivo +in vivo , reddish or dark brown -in sicco +in sicco ; stipes green maturing to pink or yellow to red -in vivo +in vivo , 7-17 by 1-1.5 mm, increasing to 3 mm diam. when mature; fruiting receptacle 3-8 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs 0.1 mm long. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, 5-8 by 3.5-6 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas, -Caqueta +Caqueta , Putamayo), Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza) and Peru (Loreto). - -Habitat and ecology. -Primary forest, but also secondary, inundated and non-inundated forest. At elevations of 100-500 m. Flowering: January and April - August; fruiting: throughout the year. + +Habitat and ecology. +Primary forest, but also secondary, inundated and non-inundated forest. At elevations of 100-500 m. Flowering: January and April - August; fruiting: throughout the year. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Ecuador: Ambi cara caspi ( -Hurtado 3019 +Hurtado 3019 ); Ansuelo caspi muyo ( -Lawesson et al. 39560 +Lawesson et al. 39560 ), Ayacara ( -Whitmore 871 +Whitmore 871 ), Daycabome (Huaorani; -M. Aulestia et al. 1726 +M. Aulestia et al. 1726 ), Muncapatamo (Huaorani; -Espinoza et al. 578 +Espinoza et al. 578 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma gracilipes + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma gracilipes most closely resembles - -C. microcarpum + +C. microcarpum . The hairs on the flowers are shorter and less dense, which results in their drying a darker brown. The leaves are further generally distinctive in the shape of the apex (markedly caudate with an often long drip-tip) and in the green colour they consistently retain on drying. However, none of these characteristics is easy to define objectively or usefully and, although the geographic distributions of the two species are somewhat different (with - -C. microcarpum + +C. microcarpum extending further into lowland Amazonia), there is apparent overlap. The species are closely related and further data to test their boundaries and the potential for gene-flow between species/populations is warranted. The leaves of - -C. longicuspe + +C. longicuspe are similar to those of - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes , but in contrast to - -C. gracilipes + +C. gracilipes , both flowers and fruit are entirely glabrous. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma gracilipes + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma gracilipes is one of the more widespread and abundant species of the genus, including occurrences in protected areas in Colombia and Ecuador, as well as in Peru. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected Specimens Examined. - -COLOMBIA. Amazonas + +Selected Specimens Examined. + +COLOMBIA. Amazonas : Parque Nacional Amacayacu, -3°45'S +3°45'S , -70°15'W +70°15'W , 100 m a.s.l., 9 Aug 1989, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 12675 (U). -ECUADOR. Napo +ECUADOR. Napo : -Yasuni +Yasuni Forest Reserve, -0°40'S +0°40'S , -76°28'W +76°28'W , 240-310 m a.s.l., 27 Jun 1995, - -Acevedo-Rodriguez + +Acevedo-Rodriguez 7543 (US); -Anangu +Anangu , -Rio +Rio Napo, -0°30'S +0°30'S , -76°25'W +76°25'W , 300 m a.s.l., 9 Apr 1982, -Balslev 2418 +Balslev 2418 (QCA); Comuna San -Jose +Jose de Payamino, -0°30'S +0°30'S , -77°18'W +77°18'W , 300 m a.s.l., 1 Dec 1983, -Balslev et al. 4634 +Balslev et al. 4634 (AAU, NY); Punto Aguarico, -0°05'N +0°05'N , -76°59'W +76°59'W , 300 m a.s.l., 6 Apr 1980, -Brandbyge et al. 30472 +Brandbyge et al. 30472 (AAU, MO, NY, U, WU); San Pablo de Los Secoyas, -0°15'S +0°15'S , -76°21'W +76°21'W , 300 m a.s.l., 7 Aug 1980, -Brandbyge et al. 32589 +Brandbyge et al. 32589 (AAU, U); Reserva -Biologica +Biologica Jatun Sacha, -1°04'S +1°04'S , -77°36'W +77°36'W , 450 m a.s.l., 17 Jan 1987, - -Ceron + +Ceron 702 (MO, U); El Chuncho Floristic Reserve, -0°30'S +0°30'S , -77°01'W +77°01'W , 250 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1987, - -Ceron + +Ceron et al. 2321 (MO); El Coca-Los Sachas Road, -0°25'S +0°25'S , -76°55'W +76°55'W , 250 m a.s.l., 8 Oct 1987, - -Ceron + +Ceron & -Neill 2428 +Neill 2428 (MO, U); Parque Nacional Sumaco, -0°24'S +0°24'S , -77°23'W +77°23'W , 540 m a.s.l., 6 Nov 1996, -Dik 1732 +Dik 1732 (MO); La Joya de los Sachas, -0°25'S +0°25'S , -76°37'W +76°37'W , 250 m a.s.l., 14 Sep 1992, - -Gudino + +Gudino & -Grefa 1787 +Grefa 1787 (MO); San -Jose +Jose de Payamino, 40 km W of Coca, -0°30'S +0°30'S , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 300-600 m a.s.l., 23 Apr 1984, -Irvine 817 +Irvine 817 (F); Parque Nacional -Yasuni +Yasuni , -Anangu +Anangu , -0°31'S +0°31'S , -76°23'W +76°23'W , 270 m a.s.l., 18 Feb 1983, -Luna et al. 9057 +Luna et al. 9057 (NY, U); Reserva Etnica Huaorani, -0°39'45"S +0°39'45"S , -76°40'00"W +76°40'00"W , 300 m a.s.l., -Naranjo +Naranjo & -B. Freire 493 +B. Freire 493 (MO); Via Loreto, 4 km W of -Rio +Rio Payamino, -1°28'S +1°28'S , -77°02'W +77°02'W , 250 m a.s.l., 3 Aug 1986, -Neill et al. 7195 +Neill et al. 7195 (MO); -Rio +Rio Tiputini, -0°43'S +0°43'S , -76°57'W +76°57'W , 300 m a.s.l., 21 Jul 1991, -Ollgaard et al. 99056 +Ollgaard et al. 99056 (AAU); Parque Nacional -Yasuni +Yasuni , -0°26'S +0°26'S , -76°35'W +76°35'W , 250 m a.s.l., 7 Jun 1994, -Pitman 195 +Pitman 195 (U); Comunidad Kichwa El Eden, -0°31'35"S +0°31'35"S , -76°05'40"W +76°05'40"W , 200 m a.s.l., -D. Reyes +D. Reyes & -Carillo 691 +Carillo 691 (MO); -Estacion -Cientifica -Yasuni +Estacion +Cientifica +Yasuni , -0°38'S +0°38'S , -76°30'W +76°30'W , 200-300 m a.s.l., 27 Aug 1995, -Romoleroux +Romoleroux & -Grefa 1834 +Grefa 1834 (U); Sector Huashito, -0°20'S +0°20'S , -77°05'W +77°05'W , 250 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1989, -Rubio 320 +Rubio 320 (MO); -Rio +Rio Pacuno, Bimbino, -0°40'S +0°40'S , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 300 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 1960, -Whitmore 737 +Whitmore 737 (U); INIAP-Payamino Experimental Station, -0°26'S +0°26'S , -77°01'W +77°01'W , 250 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1986, -Zaruma 581 +Zaruma 581 (AAU, MO, NY, U). -Pastaza +Pastaza : Pandanuque, S of oil well Villano 2 de ARCO, -1°28'S +1°28'S , -77°27'W +77°27'W , 550 m a.s.l., 30 Aug 1997, -Alvarez et al. 2405 +Alvarez et al. 2405 (MO); Pozo petrolero -'Namoyacu' +'Namoyacu' de UNOCAL, -1°40'S +1°40'S , -76°57'W +76°57'W , 290 m a.s.l., 13 Nov 1990, -Espinoza et al. 578 +Espinoza et al. 578 (MO); Pozo petrolero -'Masaramu' +'Masaramu' de UNOCAL, -0°44'S +0°44'S , -76°52'W +76°52'W , 400 m a.s.l., 1 May 1990, - -Gudino + +Gudino 310 (MO); Pozo petrolero Villano 2 de ARCO, -1°25'S +1°25'S , -77°20'W +77°20'W , 400 m a.s.l., 1 Dec 1991, -F. Hurtado 3019 +F. Hurtado 3019 (U); Lorocachi, -1°38'S +1°38'S , -75°58'W +75°58'W , 200 m a.s.l., 24 May 1980, -J. Jaramillo et al. 30773 +J. Jaramillo et al. 30773 (AAU, U); -Rio +Rio Acaro or Challuayacu, -1°23'S +1°23'S , -77°25'W +77°25'W , 360 m a.s.l., 19 Jan 1998, -Neill et al. 11095 +Neill et al. 11095 (MO); -Rio +Rio Pastaza, -2°20'S +2°20'S , -76°55'W +76°55'W , 285 m a.s.l., 24 Jul 1980, -Ollgaard et al. 35223 +Ollgaard et al. 35223 (AAU); -Rio +Rio Curaray, -1°30'S +1°30'S , -76°32'W +76°32'W , 230 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1985, -Palacios +Palacios & -Neill 783 +Neill 783 (MO, U). -PERU. Loreto +PERU. Loreto : Oleoducto Secundario road betw. Bartra 1 & 4, -2°30'S +2°30'S , -75°45'W +75°45'W , 200 m a.s.l., 15 Sep 1979, - + C. -Diaz +Diaz & -N. Jaramillo 1411 +N. Jaramillo 1411 (U); Prov. Maynas, NE of Comun Serafin Filomeno, -4°08'S +4°08'S , -72°55'W +72°55'W , 120-130 m a.s.l., 7 May 1991, - -Grandez + +Grandez et al. 2488 (MO); Distr. Nauta, "20 Enero", -4°39'12"S +4°39'12"S , -73°49'18"W +73°49'18"W , 150 m a.s.l., 22 Jun 2006, -Huamantupa +Huamantupa & -N. Smith 7746 +N. Smith 7746 (MO, WAG); -Rio +Rio Ampiyacu, Pebas and vicinity, -3°10'S +3°10'S , -71°49'W +71°49'W , 4 May 1977, -Plowman et al. 7248 +Plowman et al. 7248 (GH); Prov. Requena, Distr. Tapiche, Quebrada Yanayacu, -6°15'49"S +6°15'49"S , -73°54'31"W +73°54'31"W , 15 Oct 2014, - -Rios + +Rios et al. 4422 (F); Andoas, -2°55'S +2°55'S , -76°25'W +76°25'W , 180 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1983, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez 4423 (MO); Yanamono Explorama Reserve, -3°30'S +3°30'S , -73°05'W +73°05'W , 108 m a.s.l., 25 Oct 1989, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez & -N. Jaramillo 13007 +N. Jaramillo 13007 (MO, U); Allpahuayo-IIAP, -4°10'S +4°10'S , -73°30'W +73°30'W , 150-180 m a.s.l., 11 Jul 1991, - -Vasquez + +Vasquez et al. 17376 (MO). - - -Figure 21. - -Cremastosperma gracilipes + + +Figure 21. + +Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower ( -a -Hurtado 3019 -b -Palacios 1651 +a +Hurtado 3019 +b +Palacios 1651 ). diff --git a/data/FC/07/83/FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC.xml b/data/FC/07/83/FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC.xml index 0f767af9cde..7db2b70a55f 100644 --- a/data/FC/07/83/FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC.xml +++ b/data/FC/07/83/FC0783AF046A1D2CF0C2854DCA57A8BC.xml @@ -1,399 +1,399 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 14. -Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr. -Figs 22 -, 23 -, Map 6 +Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr. +Figs 22 +, 23 +, Map 6 - - -Cremastosperma leiophyllum + + +Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 328. 1931. - -Guatteria leiophylla + +Guatteria leiophylla Diels, -Annonaceae +Annonaceae Novae. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 77. 1931. Non (Donn. Smith) Saff. - -Type. - + +Type. + BOLIVIA, La Paz: Mapiri, San Carlos, 850 m a.s.l., 2 Dec 1926, -Buchtien, O. 705 +Buchtien, O. 705 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242369]; isotypes: HBG, MO! [MO-0477531], S! [S-R-7017], US). - - -Annona nitida + + +Annona nitida Ruiz & Pav., Anales Instit. Bot. Cavanilles 17: 429, t. 488. 1959. Non Martius (1841), nom. nud. - - -Guatteria rusbyi + + +Guatteria rusbyi J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot Ser. 4: 171. 1929. - - -Guatteria lucida + + +Guatteria lucida Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 245. 1927. Non C. Presl. - -Type. - + +Type. + BOLIVIA, Beni: Covendo 630 m a.s.l., 26 Aug 1921. -White, O.E. 913 +White, O.E. 913 (holotype: NY! [NY00026024]). - -Description. - -Shrub + +Description. + +Shrub or -tree +tree 3-20 m tall, 3-18 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 4-12 by 1 --3(- +-3(- 4) mm; lamina obovate to elliptic or narrowly so, 12-28 by 4 --9(- +-9(- 12) cm (index 2-3.9), chartaceous, often green or greenish-brown above and below, more greyish above with darker or reddish veins, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5-15 mm long), primary vein 1.5-3 mm wide at widest point, verrucose, secondary veins 7-13, intersecondary veins 1-6, distance between from 14-24 mm at the base to 10-25 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60-80° at the base to 40-50° closer to the apex, not branching forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2 --4(- +-4(- 6) mm, tertiary veins percurrent. -Inflorescence +Inflorescence of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 4, on older, leafless twigs; peduncles 1-2 by 1-2 mm (in flower), 2-4 by 1.5-3 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed golden <0.1 mm long hairs or glabrous; pedicels 18-34 by 1-1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 18 --34(- +-34(- 43) by 1-3 mm (in fruit), glabrous; 1-3 lower bracts, depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, glabrous; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, ovate to broadly so, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening early in development; flowers green maturing to yellow or creamy yellow -in vivo +in vivo , dark yellow, reddish-brown or dark brown -in sicco +in sicco ; sepals free, very broadly ovate-triangular, recurved, 2-3 by 2-3 mm, obtuse, soon falling off, sepals and petals glabrous; outer petals elliptic, 12-15 by 8-11 mm, rounded, inner petals elliptic, 13-15 by 6-8 mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., pinkish -in vivo +in vivo , stamens 1.4-1.8 mm long, connective appendage ca. 0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels 2-2.2 mm long, glabrous. -Monocarps +Monocarps , stipes and receptacle glabrous, monocarps 6-30, ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 14-17 by 8-9 mm, green maturing to yellow, orange-red and red -in vivo +in vivo , black (reddish-brown when immature) -in sicco +in sicco , with an excentric apicule; stipes 16-26 by 1-1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-9 mm diam. -Seeds +Seeds ellipsoid, light brown, pitted ca. 12 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular. - -Distribution. -Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz). + +Distribution. +Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz). - -Habitat and ecology. -Mostly in primary wet or moist forest, also in mildly disturbed areas, often on slopes or terraces, on sandstone soils. At elevations of 200-1000 m. Flowering: February, May, July through September, November and December; fruiting: February through August, November and December. + +Habitat and ecology. +Mostly in primary wet or moist forest, also in mildly disturbed areas, often on slopes or terraces, on sandstone soils. At elevations of 200-1000 m. Flowering: February, May, July through September, November and December; fruiting: February through August, November and December. - -Vernacular names. - + +Vernacular names. + Chocolatillo ( -Meneces & Terceros 395 +Meneces & Terceros 395 ), Chocolatillo Negro ( -D.N. Smith et al. 14006, 14058 +D.N. Smith et al. 14006, 14058 ), Eye ( -Youras; Naessany 106 +Youras; Naessany 106 ), -Quii-quii +Quii-quii ( -Hinojosa & Seidel 1313 +Hinojosa & Seidel 1313 ). - -Notes. - - -Cremastosperma leiophyllum + +Notes. + + +Cremastosperma leiophyllum is the most southerly distributed species of the genus and. of the two found in Bolivia, the only endemic. Bud development in - -C. leiophyllum + +C. leiophyllum is open (as opposed to that of - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum ). It most closely resembles -C. spec B +C. spec B (which is not found in Bolivia), from which it can best be distinguished by the characteristic shape (asymmetrical, the stipes thickening somewhat where they meet the monocarps) and colour (blackish) of the mature fruits when dried. - -Preliminary conservation status. - + +Preliminary conservation status. + Although a regional endemic, - -Cremastosperma leiophyllum + +Cremastosperma leiophyllum has been collected regularly over a faily broad area of Bolivia including two national parks. Least concern [LC] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Selected specimens examined. - -BOLIVIA. Beni + +Selected specimens examined. + +BOLIVIA. Beni : Serrania del -Pilon +Pilon Lajas, Yucumo, -15°15'S +15°15'S , -67°00'W +67°00'W , 850-900 m a.s.l., 3 May 1991, -Killeen et al. 3080 +Killeen et al. 3080 (USZ); -Serrania +Serrania del -Pilon +Pilon Lajas, Yucumo, -15°13'S +15°13'S , -67°03'W +67°03'W , 760-870 m a.s.l., 19 May 1989, -D.N. Smith et al. 13253 +D.N. Smith et al. 13253 (LPB, MO, U, USZ). -Cochabamba +Cochabamba : Puerto Aurora, -Region +Region del Chapare, -16°50'S +16°50'S , -65°10'W +65°10'W , 28 Jun 1989, -Naessany 106 +Naessany 106 (LPB, U); -Rio +Rio Blanco, -17°12'S +17°12'S , -64°25'W +64°25'W , 240 m a.s.l., 31 May 2000, -Seidel 3543 +Seidel 3543 (LPB). -La Paz +La Paz : San Carlos, Sarampiuni, -13°00'S +13°00'S , -65°00'W +65°00'W , 500 m a.s.l., 12 Mar 1927, -Buchtien 706 +Buchtien 706 (B, S); -Rio +Rio Quiquibey, -15°29'S +15°29'S , -67°04'W +67°04'W , 1000 m a.s.l., 11 Nov 1990, -M.A. Lewis 37979 +M.A. Lewis 37979 (MO, U); Alto Beni, Santa Ana, 15°37'S, 67°25'W, 500 m a.s.l., 28 Jun 1990, -Seidel et al. 2878 +Seidel et al. 2878 (LPB, U); Consata, -15°20'S +15°20'S , -68°31'W +68°31'W , 1300 m a.s.l., 15 Dec 1981, -Solomon et al. 6606 +Solomon et al. 6606 (LPB, MO, U). -Pando +Pando : Campamento Gomero Pingo de Oro, -11°31'36"S +11°31'36"S , -69°06'11"W +69°06'11"W , 21 Oct 1999, -Paniagua 2119 +Paniagua 2119 (F). -Santa Cruz +Santa Cruz : Velasco, N of Puerto Frey, -14°39'50"S +14°39'50"S , -61°09'33"W +61°09'33"W , 210 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1995, -P.F. Foster 230 +P.F. Foster 230 (WAG); Ayacucho Forest Reserve, -17°00'S +17°00'S , -63°00'W +63°00'W , 240 m a.s.l., 14 Apr 1976, -Meneces +Meneces & -Terceros 395 +Terceros 395 (MO, NY); -Chore +Chore Forest Reserve, -Rio +Rio Ibabo, -16°35'S +16°35'S , -64°31'W +64°31'W , 180 m a.s.l., 16 Aug 1990, -Neill +Neill & -Quevedo 9334 +Quevedo 9334 (LPB, MO, U, USZ); Parque Nacional -Amboro +Amboro , -17°33'S +17°33'S , -63°44'W +63°44'W , 360 m a.s.l., 15 Nov 1991, -I.G. Vargas et al. 1113 +I.G. Vargas et al. 1113 (F, LPB, NY, USZ). - - -Figure 22. - -Cremastosperma leiophyllum + + +Figure 22. + +Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr. -a +a fruiting specimen -b +b flower ( -a, b -Seidel & Schulte 2265 +a, b +Seidel & Schulte 2265 ) - - -Figure 23. -a, b - -Cremastosperma leiophyllum + + +Figure 23. +a, b + +Cremastosperma leiophyllum R.E.Fr. -a +a flower -b +b fruit ( -Pirie et al. 2 +Pirie et al. 2 ; photo LWC) -c, d - -Cremastosperma megalophyllum +c, d + +Cremastosperma megalophyllum R.E.Fr. -c +c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit ( -Maas et al. 8595 +Maas et al. 8595 , photo PJMM) - -e-g + +e-g - -C. microcarpum + +C. microcarpum R.E.Fr. -e +e fruit ( -Maas et al. 6281 +Maas et al. 6281 ; photo PJMM) -f, g +f, g flower ( -Maas et al 8222 +Maas et al 8222 ; photo PJMM) - -h-j + +h-j - -C. monospermum + +C. monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. -h +h habit -i +i leaves -j +j flower bud ( -Pirie et al. 5 +Pirie et al. 5 ; photos LWC) -k, l - -C. oblongum +k, l + +C. oblongum R.E.Fr. -k +k flower -l +l fruit ( -Maas et al. 9148 +Maas et al. 9148 ; photos PJMM) - -m-o + +m-o - -C. osicola + +C. osicola . -m +m fruit -n +n flower -o +o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar). diff --git a/data/FE/81/4E/FE814E3B34870903CB9EDDB4E590925B.xml b/data/FE/81/4E/FE814E3B34870903CB9EDDB4E590925B.xml index 0f3ed841d4a..654c9411261 100644 --- a/data/FE/81/4E/FE814E3B34870903CB9EDDB4E590925B.xml +++ b/data/FE/81/4E/FE814E3B34870903CB9EDDB4E590925B.xml @@ -1,203 +1,203 @@ - - - -A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species + + + +A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species - - -Author + + +Author -Pirie, Michael D. +Pirie, Michael D. - - -Author + + +Author -Chatrou, Lars W. +Chatrou, Lars W. - - -Author + + +Author -Maas, Paul J. M. +Maas, Paul J. M. -text - - -PhytoKeys +text + + +PhytoKeys - -2018 - -112 + +2018 + +112 - -1 -141 + +1 +141 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 -1314-2003-112-1 -FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B -1911101 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897 +1314-2003-112-1 +FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B +1911101 - - - + + + 18. -Cremastosperma magdalenae Pirie -Fig. 27 -, Map 3 +Cremastosperma magdalenae Pirie +Fig. 27 +, Map 3 - - -Cremastosperma magdalenae + + +Cremastosperma magdalenae Pirie, Blumea 50: 53, f. 6. 2005. - -Type. - + +Type. + COLOMBIA, Antioquia: San Luis, -Medellin-Bogota +Medellin-Bogota highway, 8.1 km E of bridge over -Rio +Rio Caldera, 13 Mar 1983, -Escobar, L.A. de & Folsom, J.P. 3309 +Escobar, L.A. de & Folsom, J.P. 3309 (holotype: NY!, 2 sheets [NY00759135, NY00759134]; isotypes: HUA! [HUA0000058], U! [U0012249]). - -Description. - -Tree + +Description. + +Tree 3-7 m tall; young twigs glabrous. -Leaves +Leaves : petioles 6-14 mm long, 2-3 mm diam.; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 20-28 by 7-9 cm (index 2.5-3.1), chartaceous to subcoriaceous, olive to more lime green or brown above, darker below, glabrous on both sides, base obtuse to acute, apex acuminate (acumen 5-10 mm long), primary vein deeply grooved in basal 1/2 - 3/4, occasionally verrucose below, ca. 2 mm wide at widest point, glabrous, secondary veins 9-14, often 2 or 3 intersecondary veins, distance between from 4-5 mm at the base to 20-35 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 40-50° at the base to 70-80° closer to the apex, occasionally branching, occasionally forming more or less indistinct loops in the apical half, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-4 mm, tertiary veins rather reticulate. -Inflorescences +Inflorescences of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of two, axillary on leafy twigs; peduncles 2-3 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit); pedicels ca. 7 by 1 mm at the base, 1.5 mm at the apex (in flower), 16-20 by 1.5-2 mm at the base, ca. 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels glabrous, two lower bracts, the apical one depressed triangular, ca. 1.5 by 2 mm, acute, persistent, glabrous, upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, broadly ovate to deltate, 0.5-2.5 by 1-2.5 mm, actute to obtuse, glabrous; closed flower buds not seen; flowers -in vivo +in vivo immature light green, black -in sicco +in sicco , sepals and petals glabrous; sepals fused for basal 1 mm, broadly to very broadly ovate, appressed, (2-) 5-7 by (2 --)- +-)- 5 mm, acute, mostly persistent, outer petals elliptic, ca. 12 by 7 mm, inner petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 12 by 5 m; androecium 2.5-2.7 mm diam., stamens ca. 0.7 mm long, connective appendage 0.3-0.4 mm wide. -Monocarps +Monocarps 20-30, globose, symmetrical, 12-13 by 12-13 mm, green maturing to red -in vivo +in vivo , black -in sicco +in sicco , with a slightly excentric, 0.25 mm long apicule; stipes (immature) 9-10 by 1-1.5 mm; fruiting receptacle depressed ovoid, 7-9 mm diam. (only immature fruits seen); monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. -Seeds +Seeds globose, shallowly pitted with a papery outer layer, ca. 13 by 11 mm, orange-brown, raphe neither raised nor sunken, regular. - -Distribution. -Colombia (Antioquia, west side of the Magdalena valley). + +Distribution. +Colombia (Antioquia, west side of the Magdalena valley). - -Habitat and ecology. -Disturbed primary or secondary forest. At elevations of 670-1200 m. Flowering and fruiting: March. + +Habitat and ecology. +Disturbed primary or secondary forest. At elevations of 670-1200 m. Flowering and fruiting: March. - -Note. - - -Cremastosperma magdalenae + +Note. + + +Cremastosperma magdalenae can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the combination of globose monocarps and large sepals which mostly persist into fruiting (one slightly differing collection, - -Cardenas + +Cardenas 2899 , displays immature fuits with smaller sepals only persistent on one of the two duplicates studied). Also noteworthy are the relatively short pedicels and the absence of indument on all parts. The absence of hairs on fruits and flowers reveals the blackish colour typical of specimens of - -Cremastosperma + +Cremastosperma upon drying. Both - -C. panamense + +C. panamense and - -C. pacificum + +C. pacificum (a species found on the Pacific coast of Colombia) also lack indument, but, amongst other differences, the sepals of both species are much smaller and do not persist into fruiting. - -Preliminary conservation status. - - -Cremastosperma magdalenae + +Preliminary conservation status. + + +Cremastosperma magdalenae is known from just four collections representing similar non-protected localities, three close to the highway between -Medellin +Medellin and -Bogota +Bogota . Endangered [EN] (Table -1 +1 ). - -Other specimens examined - -. COLOMBIA. Antioquia + +Other specimens examined + +. COLOMBIA. Antioquia : Al Prodigio, -6°06'N +6°06'N , -74°48'W +74°48'W , 350 m a.s.l., 26 Jun 1990, - -Cardenas + +Cardenas et al. 2899 (COL, MO); Mun. San Luis, -Medellin-Bogota +Medellin-Bogota road, -Rio -Samana +Rio +Samana , -6°00'N +6°00'N , -74°50'W +74°50'W , 670 m a.s.l., 19 Mar 1982, -Hernandez 251 +Hernandez 251 (COL, HUA); Mun. San Luis, -Medellin-Bogota +Medellin-Bogota road, -Rio +Rio Caldera, -6°00'N +6°00'N , -74°50'W +74°50'W , 1000 m a.s.l., 13 Mar 1983, -Juncosa et al. 736 +Juncosa et al. 736 (MO). - - -Figure 27. - -Cremastosperma magdalenae + + +Figure 27. + +Cremastosperma magdalenae Pirie. -a +a flower -b +b fruiting twig and cross section of seed ( -a -Hernandez 251 -b -Escobar & Folsom 3309 +a +Hernandez 251 +b +Escobar & Folsom 3309 ).