plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Releases Activity

Add updates up until 2024-11-18 18:41:22

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
ggserver 2024-11-18 18:43:29 +00:00
parent 348afc7592
commit 880b8acf0d
14 changed files with 1727 additions and 873 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

359
data/34/54/77/3454774403FD56FE859BEA9B8BA73DAB.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
<document id="DD1CAD1BAD51C2A6A75DFC0F2F2CBCAC" ID-DOI="10.3897/italianbotanist.18.133246" ID-publisher-id="133246" URI-arpha="38EF6AD0-A995-5862-BB60-16F3E0B28027" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1731950072534" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ahmad, Uswa Fatima, Zulfiqar, Rizwana, Naheed, Muqaddas, Nadeem, Muhammad, Habib, Kamran, Niazi, Abdul Rehman &amp; Khalid, Abdul Nasir" docDate="2024" docId="3454774403FD56FE859BEA9B8BA73DAB" docLanguage="en" docName="Italian Botanist 18: 75-96" docOrigin="Italian Botanist 18" docSource="https://italianbotanist.pensoft.net/article/133246/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Evernia prunastri Ach." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="38EF6AD0A9955862BB6016F3E0B28027" masterDocTitle="A systematic study of some lichenized fungi from Pakistan using nrITS marker" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1731954947500" updateUser="admin">
<mods:mods id="586E3EB9C5C721D8FB0E4D36B64E2434" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="989FD0900742016F8B2A57EE5CE8905B">
<mods:title id="F591117FBBA14BB0CEF01B4DED0193B8">A systematic study of some lichenized fungi from Pakistan using nrITS marker</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="64648D4A0D0BC660F4DA3FA26AC1CCA0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3FE2D169A74869322A85E219AA6887D1">
<mods:roleTerm id="4EB9BE3B3FC2E190AAADC3A8B68DE2E2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2FDC75BFBB95FE8B963DFC537B99A672">Ahmad, Uswa Fatima</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="38B19B3F60796C4774C67A76F6F5407C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7160-2917</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DC12E17B9A721A3AB7DD43B8D9723F5B">Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E4243748658BE400C436A3BC25CF6E47" type="personal">
<mods:role id="248E3CBF580E98B2D27C32C3D5773C6D">
<mods:roleTerm id="CDAB0D5D9EFB48ED7137E4D0F6CC67E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="34A1D5B2FBACD804904120040994FE31">Zulfiqar, Rizwana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B78E1D8CF6EF2903C5A12F38977CA3DE">Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="602D29B70B01E486EACC441D27A1BDB3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0AA45AB57B35C0844893A259B5A68565">
<mods:roleTerm id="2160F813ED2A678947597B69C5C94C9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="722A6A3D9CE499140046794E08F03102">Naheed, Muqaddas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3BE27EEF3230E1061B92F43D44B94C84">Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5788F6A7D30D504F1F2355DEDCE0FCED" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4A7A43C20C27F55AB0183AD4ECAF36A3">
<mods:roleTerm id="2315160F8D7F6EDD50FF7998582FF62C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3C25081F86DDD800D5C153DE9E54CCA8">Nadeem, Muhammad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="66C38587A4A479161D96BE147E6C337E">Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="85A0CBE44B1F1C50A284D6B0B46BCBE5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="57C7BA5CB36BA22115335D5828FCEF02">
<mods:roleTerm id="0C68FDD3FA8C75448B24381DF35AFBBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3C2F0A3A084FCA98BC90DB5C74669FA9">Habib, Kamran</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="102E3B8571092D3F6E81B6ECA37DF05D" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2572-0306</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B1746B3E1A66B3B56CE5A1BB5EF68B67">Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="97BF41CD78B95ED767AA9AFB335A1A99" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F0F98CDDAF928FFC9D311E8095B58B2A">
<mods:roleTerm id="265DEE75BD9437A77B9AB7FBFE9BFE3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="777E4ABA20BA5A6F49B5771CACB2F993">Niazi, Abdul Rehman</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BE8E74650D90CE2277AD64DD16E8A77F">Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B48FBA61691B9D436EA1207B3FA30577" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7763232C325C536895CA58D62B8CB8C0">
<mods:roleTerm id="A6DA54DCEDB59118CAF3ED44B7D4E11F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="292C62ECF1ACAA26BB3E1F11ECF6A98F">Khalid, Abdul Nasir</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8A88FD3529BABDB960966336B4738752" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5635-8031</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F6A6C5AD0125AB71674B11FF89030FF7">Fungal Biology and Systematics Research Laboratory, Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus 54590, Lahore, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FE7DE4D9AD26855D66A368AD52270F1C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B7964F0FFACDA2AFA66E0F4D1D2B0D06" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="45928EE01A5B436BA2E59B4BCF00C75D">
<mods:title id="89E053669F19C9779F5955813B7535A0">Italian Botanist</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="88C373360FD7E7C45F89E0C447BB9320">
<mods:date id="0E0F8F36F192CC838E9A3C33DF439095">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3F5302AA2B013793720502CB8B553FAA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="144D5815FCFFA29F4601B7F56EF782F7">2024-11-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="21DD0CE391051C9C0833672A41FCCD5B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BED407EC4C373E9884B0DAD3A763C3B5">18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="4D5EC937AAC2AC11309D34F9E448E44B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="5ED203A66475E539BCE9C2818E16AF83">75</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7B35036400D9CDEE530377F83FCFEDAB">96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="90BFFE3ACE4B30421C81A52AC77795F5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="73142D3064BDADD60E0D131386108AEB" type="DOI">10.3897/italianbotanist.18.133246</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3454774403FD56FE859BEA9B8BA73DAB" ID-arpha="34547744-03FD-56FE-859B-EA9B8BA73DAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3454774403FD56FE859BEA9B8BA73DAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3454774403FD56FE859BEA9B8BA73DAB">
<subSubSection id="E3D621704D8B5E7E1674508ACE7727DF" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="27E9550F1CDFEA314D8B7CA3121D3145">
<taxonomicName id="A6619168FAC26B01228D396DFF6FFAE2" ID-CoL="3DHFM" authority="(L.) Ach." authorityName="Ach." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="prunastri">
<emphasis id="F1769F4919F078C9DFF131B33B066F97" italics="true">Evernia prunastri</emphasis>
(L.) Ach.
</taxonomicName>
, Lich. Univ.: 442, tab. 10, fig. 1 (1810)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3007C6646573AF65708925631083DC73" type="description">
<paragraph id="6DB72425BC649EE1EE7AA61F56B39710">
<figureCitation id="2F7C27C1D7A541EF7D2AB21911EE317F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Evernia prunastri A thallus B upper surface of the thallus C lower surface D granular soredia E cross-section of thallus F photobiont." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.18.133246.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1176875">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECBAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="15FB1C164685DBEE91BAA85FED8322B6">
<heading id="CAEDD241442E3C3BA53050266AAD924E" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85609A6B899B7ACA0F1CF72D9B477848">
Thallus foliose but appearing fruticose, dorsiventral, tufted, caespitose to occasionally pendent, cortex cracked at some places, palmately to dichotomously branched, up to
<quantity id="8CFA6C85D49DE2A13A9E1DB3AD63EEC9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
across. Branches: numerous, dorsiventral, elongated,
<quantity id="3685DB10077EF42AE4CE28C241CD44C8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.3" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–4 mm</quantity>
wide, plane, strap-shaped, pitted, twisted, tangled, blunt or pointed. Axils: right angles to V-shaped. Color: greyish-green to greenish-white when dry, pale olive green to yellow-green when wet. Soredia: marginal to rarely laminal, white, often on ridges, granular. Upper surface: matt, dull, pitted, strongly rugose, rough, ridges discontinuous. Lower surface: white to pale yellow, channelled, less pitted and wrinkled than upper surface. Cortex: two-layered, upper layer brown, 9–14 µm high, lower layer hyaline, 7–12 µm high, paraplectenchymatous, cell 7–12 µm in diameter. Medulla: prosoplectenchymatous, hyphae loosely arranged, white, 2–4.5 µm wide. Algal layer: discontinuous, uneven, forms small groups, algal cells present below cortex, 5–10 µm in diameter. Apothecia: not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHBAE" type="Chemical study">
<paragraph id="BEEE552EE50EA129F6BBAB9177ABE3FC">
<heading id="DE5C64A55D1BFBAE54FFA9A1BEDE6840" reason="title">Chemical study.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F55D5816B4D749B686EBD3863B1D54FC">K + ve (yellow), C - ve, KC + ve (yellow). Usnic acid, atranorin and evernic acid detected through TLC.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMBAE" type="Phylogenetic analysis">
<paragraph id="90ECA3D1648CBFC248096AB34F913981">
<heading id="CD3E5A0E7DCE1DA1B36134661053216F" reason="title">Phylogenetic analysis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB96ACA5F54714941237A89CB36B448C">
For phylogenetic analysis, sequences of the genus
<taxonomicName id="D2145DCDC8333376973F1C52C13F422D" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51412374A855CAB867A4C4F7CAAAB9D4" italics="true">Evernia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were retrieved from GenBank based on similarity and those used in a study by
<bibRefCitation id="97D5261A07C36B84716700096F167DB3" DOI="10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01576.x" author="Piercey-Normore MD" firstAuthor="Piercey-Normore" refId="B39" refString="Piercey-Normore MD (2006) The lichen-forming ascomycete Evernia mesomorpha associates with multiple genotypes of Trebouxia jamesii. New Phytologist 169 (2): 331-344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01576.x" year="2006">Piercey-Normore (2006)</bibRefCitation>
. A total of 22 ITS nrDNA sequences were analyzed during this study. The final aligned file was comprised of 532 nucleotides, among which 359 were conserved, 158 were variable, 150 were parsimony-informative, and 8 were singleton variants.
<taxonomicName id="CF8C1D87D971A44B39A7B8B53524F2FC" authority="Sancho, B. Schroet. &amp; Vallad." authorityName="Sancho, B. Schroet. &amp; Vallad." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Umbilicariaceae" genus="Umbilicaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Umbilicariales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="kappenii">
<emphasis id="C3E58B32BF32D463EB2F00E1A497C465" italics="true">Umbilicaria kappenii</emphasis>
Sancho, B. Schroet. &amp; Vallad.
</taxonomicName>
(
<ext-link id="273F56D4C0FE68A37DF2AF94BC4379FC" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="AY603130" xlink_type="simple">
<accessionNumber id="2D801FB51FA959A9C32ED338A4803BC4" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY603130">AY 603130</accessionNumber>
</ext-link>
and
<ext-link id="0CCF224BBC2D44D1DA8F02EE2790BE71" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="AY603131" xlink_type="simple">
<accessionNumber id="E8A1579202D0AC8FE1F283C5ADB9F72F" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY603131">AY 603131</accessionNumber>
</ext-link>
) was chosen as an outgroup.
</paragraph>
<caption id="81D98486910A0CB082219D82D7545BEA" ID-DOI="10.3897/italianbotanist.18.133246.figure3" ID-arpha="98CB357F-322B-5533-89DB-B850B2BB1032" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1176875" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="1EB8C68AA9EE3CC992AE429E3EAC69D1">
<label id="8E0B76F0D361D1E40B35C155D62B1E41">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB5145DDB111533BD00D845986E52409">
<taxonomicName id="392DA5D539B01BC4D1FCB8B99FF836CF" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="prunastri">
<emphasis id="F0D062BCBAC2EEAE8FB73B814ED6EA06" italics="true">Evernia prunastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BDE1D417660E5883F252E73EEA1CFD33" bold="true">A</emphasis>
thallus
<emphasis id="AFE1399385461003345995B6FF075E66" bold="true">B</emphasis>
upper surface of the thallus
<emphasis id="F57F4785D9E1EDAF76DC1958712DF6EA" bold="true">C</emphasis>
lower surface
<emphasis id="2D7178A5DE10B40A1CABF280E73FA85A" bold="true">D</emphasis>
granular soredia
<emphasis id="B054047EAAA178CFCD39112E71B3EC03" bold="true">E</emphasis>
cross-section of thallus
<emphasis id="795419262AA7C8AB95F3A0BFD4474C81" bold="true">F</emphasis>
photobiont.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE24844706EFAF557DFE570300B19278">
In our analysis,
<taxonomicName id="2604E894AE04AF7C1AA56C79F1345A3E" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="prunastri">
<emphasis id="15E03068E84877C586066FE4A7FE796B" italics="true">Evernia prunastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms a distinct clade and the ITS sequences of
<taxonomicName id="C27364AB0E7D44138BEAF4E740ABD257" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="prunastri">
<emphasis id="D60F4DA480FD59F1ADDC2E3FDA2561BD" italics="true">E. prunastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(KUM- 04 and KUM- 09) from
<collectingCountry id="985BF5B35083F8CE49439C86DA045DA5" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
are identical to those reported from
<collectingCountry id="6D3F4BE78C51BF487DF128E849DEC942" name="Norway">Norway</collectingCountry>
(
<ext-link id="733784B5FEB018300C7233D68D4C1180" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="MK811838" xlink_type="simple">
<accessionNumber id="73B3AC30438D1A45C6AF4C6D4D648A10" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK811838">MK 811838</accessionNumber>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="B52001093434625EBF56B862B5558CE5" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="MK811993" xlink_type="simple">
<accessionNumber id="020577DAEF4166E2B90967D64ECA0632" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK811993">MK 811993</accessionNumber>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="D7A387C2E5215CF6BFEB5D4F05168BD0" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="MK812247" xlink_type="simple">
<accessionNumber id="39DF785B8D58816BA9F35CD35D08A16D" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK812247">MK 812247</accessionNumber>
</ext-link>
, and
<ext-link id="A02E41A280268E923E24D82CF86417DB" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="MK812058" xlink_type="simple">
<accessionNumber id="C9B762FF920172DE27CE84A886880473" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK812058">MK 812058</accessionNumber>
</ext-link>
), confirming their identification as the same species (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7AAB45BA72883BE2379B6EB9C1A64439" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Evernia spp. by maximum likelihood (ML) method based on nrITS sequences. Bootstrap values &gt; 50 % based on 1000 replicates for ML are shown above the branches and novel sequences generated during this study are in bold." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.18.133246.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1176876">4</figureCitation>
). Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="C66EF83EAF4E788E2C67B85D8676D5D2" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="divaricata">
<emphasis id="5AFD7A5A66E3D0612F2DFE150E6F277C" italics="true">E. divaricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distinctly separated from
<taxonomicName id="87A3E738B2F12EB076819937804A5D2D" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mesomorpha">
<emphasis id="52B2483C9B0233EE658D97E6C8E235CE" italics="true">E. mesomorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3C0FD25CAB4642D2143EA284BC1287A9" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="esorediosa">
<emphasis id="C8B1710754E48CC1065A3F4A13ADB3D5" italics="true">E. esorediosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the phylogenetic tree, yet all three species formed a clade with a high bootstrap support (92 % ML). This study represents the first molecular confirmation of
<taxonomicName id="3E3DB21B1C3AF1D622A5970B3E96543F" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="prunastri">
<emphasis id="E652951D3CB2AB6ACF1ED640BED7B71A" italics="true">E. prunastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="93F4B896E77E6AA82B4C1690B7296FB2" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF74D934DBD0AF5A3E9FBF004324D2DD" ID-DOI="10.3897/italianbotanist.18.133246.figure4" ID-arpha="CF2C8708-00C7-529B-9CFE-67059D7FB70B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1176876" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="D16AB82DEAE951B9EA18F1CC97502BD9">
<label id="BCF13418B2FEFB77934F1E273C32DD1D">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F562B9D4816935BED5EC1AA1D97C1F1C">
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of
<taxonomicName id="BF1BD5260F36234A5FE074AAA509BFB3" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="DAD2BA77C0BE44E7BD765756A00CD0F7" italics="true">Evernia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
by maximum likelihood (ML) method based on nrITS sequences. Bootstrap values&gt; 50 % based on 1000 replicates for ML are shown above the branches and novel sequences generated during this study are in bold.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGHAE" type="notes">
<paragraph id="587B9FCEDDF3CA8A5201846253DAA47E">
<heading id="9FA908BB59A9DD4B3AC03EA45ED11976" reason="title">Notes.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="435B5BCD10FFD8072AE66D96F08E1C48">
<taxonomicName id="7466C028574F16A1A6E64974EF747A2B" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="prunastri">
<emphasis id="BCB513AE4FB09D2035AEA786EE79C2FA" italics="true">Evernia prunastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, commonly known as oakmoss, is a fruticose lichen found predominantly on exposed tree trunks, characterized by flat, isotomic-dichotomous branches with frequent anisotomous bifurcations and occasional adventive branches or “ lobuli ” on the branch surface (
<bibRefCitation id="B8D4578F59682A1C2DA62FF0B0D2CD63" author="Beltman" firstAuthor="Beltman" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Lichenologica" pagination="1-193" refId="B9" refString="Beltman HA (1978) Vegetative Strukturen der Parmeliaceae und ihre Entwicklung. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 11: 1–193." title="Vegetative Strukturen der Parmeliaceae und ihre Entwicklung." volume="11" year="1978">Beltman 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="654DCB649155A265A4B03F8FE2014EA5" DOI="10.2307/3243544" author="Stone and McCune" firstAuthor="Stone" journalOrPublisher="Bryologist" pagination="32-36" refId="B44" refString="Stone DF, McCune B (1990) Annual branching in the lichen Evernia prunastri in Oregon. Bryologist 93: 32–36. https://doi.org/10.2307/3243544" title="Annual branching in the lichen Evernia prunastri in Oregon." volume="93" year="1990">Stone and McCune 1990</bibRefCitation>
). The morpho-anatomical comparison of Pakistani collections confirms their identity as
<taxonomicName id="04C780D41BEC1C17D123EDE6511B6AF4" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="prunastri">
<emphasis id="B2333B12F939989B9D63FBAAAFEB0A1A" italics="true">E. prunastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as the characteristics of Pakistani samples match with the already published description of
<taxonomicName id="E27112DB4E7A86D948FB18BCF15034D7" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Evernia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="prunastri">
<emphasis id="E607F124124E89CA18EF13C072F759F6" italics="true">E. prunastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Britain and
<collectingCountry id="89C619D9CD5ECBD5F701FBB1822103D4" name="Ireland">Ireland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A5F0E71F7F0AAACF299C8E5EC3EE66F2" author="Cannon" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cannon" refId="B13" refString="Cannon P, Divakar P, Yahr R, Aptroot A, Clerc P, Coppins B, Fryday A, Sanderson N, Simkin J (2023) Lecanorales: Parmeliaceae, including the genera Alectoria, Allantoparmelia, Arctoparmelia, Brodoa, Bryoria, Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetrelia, Cornicularia, Evernia, Flavocetraria, Flavoparmelia, Hypogymnia, Hypotrachyna, Imshaugia, Melanelia, Melanelixia, Melanohalea, Menegazzia, Montanelia, Nesolechia, Parmelia, Parmelina, Parmeliopsis, Parmotrema, Platismatia, Pleurosticta, Protoparmelia, Pseudephebe, Pseudevernia, Punctelia, Raesaenenia, Tuckermannopsis, Usnea, Vulpicida and Xanthoparmelia. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens 33: 1-98." year="2023">Cannon et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZIAE" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="6ED2CD5A0971E1FF3E3B21D735E18259">
<heading id="70428953A6C9B9F1BC6602E5F7121BED" reason="title">Habitat and ecology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D708BB4155F7DCFBD424FDBC987FEC0F">
The samples were found at an elevation above
<quantity id="C5CAE3FDEB84EED2A8D50E229583C992" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, growing on bark in the cold temperate mountainous regions. The coldest month is December, while June is the hottest month of the year, with average monthly temperatures of 3 ° C and 25 ° C, respectively, and rainfall varying between 600 and
<quantity id="C133B02040D1AD0C39540BA81A64918A" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="mm" value="1200.0">1200 mm</quantity>
. The dominant vegetation includes Indian horse-chestnut (
<taxonomicName id="4FD0AB2B3F5D763A956D7B28261238FF" authority="(Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook." authorityName="Hook." baseAuthorityName="Cambess." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="959FAAA21778C93A52C71D956556A415" italics="true">Aesculus indica</emphasis>
(Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook.
</taxonomicName>
), deodar (
<taxonomicName id="87A4B2798573A63A3A613D12E42D6A98" authority="(Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don" authorityName="G. Don" baseAuthorityName="D. Don" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deodara">
<emphasis id="2B9E5E1F86057D5F5BCA9366A8F57A8A" italics="true">Cedrus deodara</emphasis>
(Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don
</taxonomicName>
) and West-Himalayan fir (
<taxonomicName id="CD4A50892C583C1C909E3A88F5A4A22A" authority="(Royle ex D. Don) Royle" authorityName="Royle" baseAuthorityName="D. Don" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pindrow">
<emphasis id="4E75D2529AD576DCC4C2228E36B5A6B3" italics="true">Abies pindrow</emphasis>
(Royle ex D. Don) Royle
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAKAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6DC5F85C48F46A242309A8DCEB90585A">
<heading id="F9E34AFA847D22644D1DAFC226FC28FA" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9092DEA0AA1BFFD4693DD4400B9C96FB">
This species is widely distributed in Northern hemisphere including Asia, Europe and North America (
<bibRefCitation id="60AF28F6B20B5D6067D6CA4925CD1393" DOI="10.3390/molecules29010233" author="Studzinska-Sroka" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Studzinska-Sroka" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Molecules" pagination="233" refId="B45" refString="Studzińska-Sroka E, Bulicz M, Henkel M, Rosiak N, Paczkowska-Walendowska M, Szwajgier D, Cielecka-Piontek J (2023) Pleiotropic potential of Evernia prunastri extracts and their main compounds evernic acid and atranorin: In vitro and in silico studies. Molecules 29 (1): 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010233" title="Pleiotropic potential of Evernia prunastri extracts and their main compounds evernic acid and atranorin: In vitro and in silico studies." volume="29" year="2023">Studzińska-Sroka et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="59030230AA2CEB94F1D1CA7667145170" DOI="10.1002/cbdv.201900465" author="Staples" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Staples" refId="B43" refString="Staples R, LaDuca RL, Roze LV, Laivenieks M, Linz JE, Beaudry R, Trail F (2020) Structure and chemical analysis of major specialized metabolites produced by the lichen Evernia prunastri. Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity 17 (1): e 1900465. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201900465" year="2020">Staples et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOKAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="1B88D4B739BA3F3D9CEF732E5869EA3F">
<heading id="FCAC6388246E091DCD478E142C0CA2FF" reason="title">Materials examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD5801C2B34F698360564FDCDECAAAFB">
<materialsCitation id="B5F07323F2CAF4F23A8C824AE3D1C7FC" collectedFrom="on bark" collectingDate="2023-09-23" collectionCode="M, A, N" collectorName="M. Usman &amp; A. N. Khalid" country="Pakistan" county="District Upper Dir" elevation="2500" latitude="35.386665" location="Kumrat Valley" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="74.583336" municipality="Upper Dir" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province">
<collectingCountry id="2DA41C5C9BD9390193BB834E2F28492B" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
∙
<collectingRegion id="9D3617A78384A59DD676EFAA7606CB59" country="Pakistan" name="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="C9175269EE23CB77C666AA44FC873741">District Upper Dir</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="ED650B58F23971B73479C7114962D411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3454774403FD56FE859BEA9B8BA73DAB:ED650B58F23971B73479C7114962D411" country="Pakistan" county="District Upper Dir" latitude="35.386665" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="74.583336" municipality="Upper Dir" name="Kumrat Valley" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province">Kumrat Valley</location>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EXKAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[74.583333,35.386667]}">
<geoCoordinate id="8DD9FAAC4ED7508DCAFEFCA0E83CC3EB" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="23.2" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="35.386665">35°23.2'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FD0C745A04713FFA7084178FA625D706" degrees="74" direction="east" minutes="35.0" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="74.583336">74°35.0'E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
; alt.
<elevation id="690969FCD6EF5CB69959068355D09A47" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="2500.0">
<quantity id="B0F0B3993EA1DED12CF20D824EDD902A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="2500.0">2,500 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
;
<date id="A4A71A82289ED967381BE75BA5973D9D" value="2023-09-23">
<collectingDate id="EDDDBD087097DFB6DA408846C887E8A9" value="2023-09-23">23 Sep. 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="A3BDD4E190C1C6D047E581E120ADDFB6">M. Usman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="0D0C5F8103A8B35BD769B92531A678E8">A. N. Khalid</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectedFrom id="9825A8241533A6D23F62B980F728BB91">on bark</collectedFrom>
; KUM- 4, ITS GenBank accession number
<ext-link id="49F9488B1B1583D57347C9005871ACDA" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ113696" xlink_type="simple">PQ 113696</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
∙
<materialsCitation id="8C926E0B4EAB3DE8DDABFD67CE52381B" collectedFrom="on bark" collectingDate="2023-09-23" collectionCode="M, A, N" collectorName="M. Usman &amp; A. N. Khalid" country="Pakistan" county="District Upper Dir" elevation="2400" latitude="35.565" location="Kumrat Valley" longLatPrecision="119" longitude="72.19" municipality="Upper Dir" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">
same collection data as for preceding,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EELAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[72.190000,35.565000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="318C42EB438BD3D57E07038DBBE1DB6A" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="33.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="35.565">35°33.9'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FEDB958580E4A6456823B59BCD63862E" degrees="72" direction="east" minutes="11.4" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="72.19">72°11.4'E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
; alt.
<elevation id="453B6F21BEF1AAC0925675DAD187A9B3" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">
<quantity id="08E7B2288C4CCBD07B47F0D0B25E8263" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">2,400 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
;
<date id="3D511F05E04CF0CE9C96A8A6FAB5B97C" value="2023-09-23">
<collectingDate id="C9168760738695F48FE679F2BDC364B8" value="2023-09-23">23 Sep. 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="2D6F35ADC06A114F6F95021BF26ED745">M. Usman</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="274307EB2D6C2445C2F228D837CE5072">A. N. Khalid</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectedFrom id="A1907427862CC8138C6537FD1C0A3134">on bark</collectedFrom>
; KUM- 9, ITS GenBank accession number
<ext-link id="9BD387975B35C2CD64BB43C0B3205D4D" ext-link-type="gen" xlink_href="PQ113697" xlink_type="simple">PQ 113697</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>