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<document id="3C7F986420F737C182A598009F741538" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.334.2.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13721390" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725662240977" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith, Alan R. &amp; Kessler, Michael" docDate="2018" docId="03D18784DE1C3155FF4B109AC4BAFACA" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.334.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 334 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Nephrolepis biserrata Schott, Gen. Fil." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="FFE8FFFCDE1E3157FFC3117CC54EFFAB" masterDocTitle="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXVII. Nephrolepidaceae" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1725673110671" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="CE7AAB15744E95B3A17E65458730DB13">Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXVII. Nephrolepidaceae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E84367A99B47595659A5523529A837E4">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="53694882FC38A385D5A368DF88A89FB6">University Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Bldg. # 2465, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 - 2465</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8EA1FAFBBF267E175E9A0E1F3BC03BBB">Kessler, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5730D30F0246B918023802FF9673115B">Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH- 8008 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AC65F33E9722ED6CC96F64EB521463D8">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D967139CEC55CB9319B0EE353D7CDC87">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D18784DE1C3155FF4B109AC4BAFACA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D18784DE1C3155FF4B109AC4BAFACA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D18784DE1C3155FF4B109AC4BAFACA" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<subSubSection id="C3626519DE1C3155FF4B109AC5B3FDE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1C3155FF4B109AC7B2FDAA" blockId="2.[136,764,486,513]" box="[136,764,486,513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<heading id="D08F81FEDE1C3155FF4B109AC7B2FDAA" box="[136,764,486,513]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FF4B109AC7CAFDAA" ID-CoL="47226" authority="(Sw.) Schott, Gen. Fil." authorityName="Schott, Gen. Fil." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[136,644,486,513]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biserrata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FF4B109AC4CCFDAA" bold="true" box="[136,386,486,513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Nephrolepis biserrata</emphasis>
(Sw.) Schott, Gen. Fil.
</taxonomicName>
t. 3. 1834.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1C3155FF7E1370C5B3FDE2" blockId="2.[136,1452,524,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FF7E1370C45DFD8E" bold="true" box="[189,275,524,549]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Range:</emphasis>
—Florida; Antilles; southern
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FDB71370C784FD8E" box="[628,714,524,549]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FD3E1370C601FD8E" box="[765,847,524,549]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(BE, CO, LP, PA, SC) and
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FB791370C04CFD8E" box="[1210,1282,524,549]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; Africa; Asia; Polynesia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3626519DE1C3155FF7E1328C4BAFACA" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1C3155FF7E1328C1DAFD3A" blockId="2.[136,1452,524,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FF7E1328C468FDC6" bold="true" box="[189,294,596,621]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Ecology:</emphasis>
—Fairly common; epiphytic, terrestrial, and saxicolous, often along roadsides, in secondary growth, and along forests borders, sometimes growing in leaf axils of palms, in humid regions; to
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD1BDE1C3155FB851304C1DAFD3A" box="[1094,1172,632,657]" count="500" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1C3155FB851304C1DEFD3A" box="[1094,1168,632,657]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1C3155FF7E13E0C1F0FC26" blockId="2.[136,1452,524,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FF7E13E0C447FD1E" bold="true" box="[189,265,668,693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Notes:</emphasis>
—A variable and pantropical species, with more than 25 heterotypic synonyms listed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B63DE1C3155FAC713E0C41FFD72" author="Hovenkamp, P. H. &amp; Miyamoto, F." pageId="2" pageNumber="137" pagination="279 - 322" refId="ref4219" refString="Hovenkamp, P. H. &amp; Miyamoto, F. (2005) A conspectus of the native and naturalized species of Nephrolepis (Nephrolepidaceae) in the world. Blumea 50 (2): 279 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651905 X 623003" type="journal article" year="2005">Hovenkamp &amp; Miyamoto (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. Rhizomes and petiole bases with spreading, concolorous scales
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1C3155FBE313BCC132FD72" box="[1056,1148,704,729]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
long; blades (11)
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1C3155FAFA13BCC0E5FD72" box="[1337,1451,704,729]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="cm" value="23.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="16.0">16–30 cm</quantity>
wide, to
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1C3155FF2B1398C45DFD56" box="[232,275,740,765]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
long, abaxially with hairs
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1C3155FDF81398C78FFD56" box="[571,705,740,765]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.6 mm</quantity>
long; costae adaxially with dense, catenate hairs
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1C3155FB261398C022FD56" box="[1253,1388,740,765]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.5 mm</quantity>
long; indusia round-reniform with occasional hairs. The species may be a complex, even in
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FBFF1274C1DFFC8A" box="[1084,1169,776,801]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, with typical
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FAE61274C0E2FC8A" box="[1317,1452,776,801]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biserrata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FAE61274C0E2FC8A" box="[1317,1452,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N. biserrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having mostly (entirely) segmented hairs abaxially, and another variant with few hairs but sparse to moderately dense scales. However, a sampling of specimens from five localities (
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FC83122CC6D9FCC2" box="[832,919,848,873]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FC63122CC146FCC2" box="[928,1032,848,873]" name="Comoros" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Comores</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FBD1122CC115FCC2" box="[1042,1115,848,873]" name="Sudan" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FB50122CC04CFCC2" box="[1171,1282,848,873]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B63DE1C3155FAF2122CC45CFC26" author="Hennequin, S. &amp; Hovenkamp, P. &amp; Christenhusz, M. J. M. &amp; Schneider, H." pageId="2" pageNumber="137" pagination="113 - 127" refId="ref4111" refString="Hennequin, S., Hovenkamp, P., Christenhusz, M. J. M. &amp; Schneider, H. (2010) Phylogenetics and biogeography of Nephrolepis - a tale of old settlers and young tramps. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (2): 113 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2010.01076. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Hennequin
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FF4B1208C58EFC26" box="[136,192,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
showed the species to be monophyletic. The
<typeStatus id="54C38830DE1C3155FCCC1208C671FC26" box="[783,831,884,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FCA71208C6A2FC26" box="[868,1004,884,909]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biserrata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FCA71208C6A2FC26" box="[868,1004,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N. biserrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FB891208C1F5FC26" box="[1098,1211,884,909]" name="Mauritius" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1C3155FF7E12E4C672FB7A" blockId="2.[136,1452,524,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
A recent collection from Dept.
<collectingRegion id="49BCF870DE1C3155FDCC12E4C712FC1A" box="[527,604,920,945]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">La Paz</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FDA612E4C644FC1A" box="[613,778,920,945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Gonzales 4875</emphasis>
(UC), deviates from the pantropical
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FB5912E4C051FC1A" box="[1178,1311,920,945]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biserrata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FB5912E4C051FC1A" box="[1178,1311,920,945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N. biserrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all other specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FE8712C0C4D8FC7E" box="[324,406,956,981]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
in several seemingly significant characters: blade scales lacking on the costae and rachises, and long-septate hairs present on both sides of the costae, and between veins abaxially. The much more common and typical form of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FE221578C77DFBB6" box="[481,563,1028,1053]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and elsewhere has scales along the costae abaxially, often lacks hairs between veins abaxially, and lacks or has sparse hairs on the costae adaxially. These two forms may be specifically different, but in the absence of more detailed morphological and molecular studies in
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FC111530C114FBCE" box="[978,1114,1100,1125]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FC111530C114FBCE" box="[978,1114,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Nephrolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which must be broadly based (a range of specimens from throughout the Americas and beyond), we refrain from giving this a name. The type of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FA51150CC479FB06" authority="Rosenst." authorityName="Rosenst." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FA51150CC582FB06" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N. mollis</emphasis>
Rosenst.
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FE4215E8C4B2FB06" box="[385,508,1172,1197]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FDCE15E8C7A3FB06" box="[525,749,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Brade &amp; Brade 141</emphasis>
,
<typeStatus id="54C38830DE1C3155FD3F15E8C603FB06" box="[764,845,1172,1197]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
UC!), appears to match the hairy, scaleless variant of this species, as does
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FEAC15C4C4F9FB7A" box="[367,439,1208,1233]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Sieber</emphasis>
, Syn. Fil. 35, UC, from
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FD0B15C4C677FB7A" box="[712,825,1208,1233]" name="Mauritius" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1C3155FF7E15A0C4BAFACA" blockId="2.[136,1452,524,1377]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
In an analysis by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B63DE1C3155FE5B15A0C7C1FB5E" author="Yahaya, N. H. &amp; Stech, M. &amp; Zonneveld, B. J. M. &amp; Hovenkamp, P. H." box="[408,655,1244,1269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" pagination="153 - 160" refId="ref5097" refString="Yahaya, N. H., Stech, M., Zonneveld, B. J. M. &amp; Hovenkamp, P. H. (2016) &quot; What is Nephrolepis ' bostoniensis'? &quot; Unravelling the origin of Nephrolepis hybrids and cultivars with molecular data. &quot; Scientia Horticulturae 204: 153 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. scienta. 2016.04.001" type="journal article" year="2016">
Yahaya
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FE3415A0C761FB5E" box="[503,559,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, using both chloroplast and nuclear markers,
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FB7615A0C00DFB5E" box="[1205,1347,1244,1269]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biserrata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FB7615A0C00DFB5E" box="[1205,1347,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N. biserrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not monophyletic, but some populations of this species from
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FCD1147CC632FAB2" box="[786,892,1280,1305]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1C3155FC4B147CC6AAFAB2" box="[904,996,1280,1305]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Malesia</collectingCountry>
, and Africa show a sister relationship to a complex of clades comprising elements identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FD301458C624FA96" box="[755,874,1316,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brownii">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FD301458C624FA96" box="[755,874,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N. brownii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FCBB1458C6BAFA96" box="[888,1012,1316,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exaltata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FCBB1458C6BAFA96" box="[888,1012,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N. exaltata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, other populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1C3155FB2F1458C03BFA96" box="[1260,1397,1316,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biserrata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1C3155FB2F1458C03BFA96" box="[1260,1397,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">N. biserrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and several other Old World species.
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100
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1D3154FF4B16FEC7B6F836" ID-CoL="4724X" authority="(Afzel. ex Sw.) J. Sm., Bot. Mag." authorityName="J. Sm., Bot. Mag." baseAuthorityName="Sw." box="[136,760,1922,1949]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF4B16FEC4CDF836" bold="true" box="[136,387,1922,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Nephrolepis undulata</emphasis>
(Afzel. ex Sw.) J.Sm., Bot. Mag.
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72(Compendium): 35 bis. 1846.
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<subSubSection id="C3626519DE1D3154FF4B16D6C1CFF84E" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="reference_group">
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=
<treatmentCitation id="0AD91083DE1D3154FF5F16D6C7F8F814" author="Kunze" box="[156,694,1962,1983]" journal="Linnaea" page="343" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" score="4.864797368871433" volume="18" year="1844">
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1D3154FF5F16D6C766F814" ID-CoL="8SZ9M" authority="Kunze, Linnaea" authorityName="Kunze, Linnaea" box="[156,552,1962,1983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF5F16D6C4C4F814" box="[156,394,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Nephrolepis occidentalis</emphasis>
Kunze, Linnaea
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18: 343. 1844
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.
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<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1D3154FF7E16B0C1CFF84E" blockId="3.[136,1451,1962,2093]" box="[189,1153,1996,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF7E16B0C45DF84E" bold="true" box="[189,275,1996,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Range:</emphasis>
—Greater Antilles; northern
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FD9516B0C7E2F84E" box="[598,684,1996,2021]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FD0C16B0C66FF84E" box="[719,801,1996,2021]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(CO, LP, SC) and
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FC3716B0C172F84E" box="[1012,1084,1996,2021]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; Asia.
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<subSubSection id="C3626519DE1D3153FF7E168CC76BFEE2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1D3154FF7E168CC1FFF786" blockId="3.[136,1451,1962,2093]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF7E168CC468F7A2" bold="true" box="[189,294,2032,2057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Ecology:</emphasis>
—Uncommon; terrestrial, rarely epiphytic, mostly on banks and roadsides, in humid regions, survives unsuitable growth conditions such as droughts or fires with the underground tubers; to
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1D3154FB971968C1E2F786" box="[1108,1196,2068,2093]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
.
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<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1A3153FF7E11DCC76BFEE2" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1A3153FF7E11DCC447FF12" bold="true" box="[189,265,160,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="139">Notes:</emphasis>
—Rhizomes erect, almost non-existent, annual, stoloniferous, with ovoid, scaly tubers; rhizome scales concolorous, linear, entire, orange to pale brown; petioles stramineous, glabrous or with scattered scales; rachises glabrous except at pinna bases; pinnae apically acuminate, tapering gradually from the bases, thin-textured, with distinct veins; indusia lunate,
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1A3153FE131070C70FFE8E" box="[464,577,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
wide. Typically, this species has few (often only one), short leaves with usually less than 35 pinna pairs on each leaf.
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107
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1D3154FF4B130EC7E8FD26" ID-CoL="4723X" authority="(Willd.) Schott, Gen. Fil." authorityName="Schott, Gen. Fil." baseAuthorityName="Willd." box="[136,678,626,653]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pectinata">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF4B130EC4CBFD27" bold="true" box="[136,389,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Nephrolepis pectinata</emphasis>
(Willd.) Schott, Gen. Fil.
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, t. 3. 1834.
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<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF7E13E4C45DFD1A" bold="true" box="[189,275,664,689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Range:</emphasis>
Greater Antilles (
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FE1813E4C774FD1A" box="[475,570,664,689]" name="Jamaica" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FD8613E4C7CBFD1A" box="[581,645,664,689]" name="Cuba" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Cuba</collectingCountry>
); southern
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FD3C13E4C61BFD1A" box="[767,853,664,689]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FCBA13E4C69BFD1A" box="[889,981,664,689]" name="Panama" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Panama</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FC2313E4C100FD1A" box="[992,1102,664,689]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Colombia</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FBB113E4C189FD1A" box="[1138,1223,664,689]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, southern
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FAF913E4C0CCFD1A" box="[1338,1410,664,689]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
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<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1D3154FF7E13C0C6CFFD52" blockId="3.[136,1451,664,905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF7E13C0C468FD7E" bold="true" box="[189,294,700,725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Ecology:</emphasis>
—Rare, known from a single Bolivian collection:
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FCA913C0C145FD7E" box="[874,1035,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Williams 1107</emphasis>
(NY); epiphytic, less commonly on rocks or terrestrial, in humid forests and disturbed habitats;
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1D3154FCE6139CC633FD52" box="[805,893,736,761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1D3154FF7E1278C028FC22" blockId="3.[136,1451,664,905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF7E1278C447FCB6" bold="true" box="[189,265,772,797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Notes:</emphasis>
—Rhizomes erect, stolons lacking tubers; rhizome scales weakly bicolorous; pinnae parallel-sided, the bases basiscopically cuneate, ± perpendicular to rachises; indusia at pinna apices lunate or reniform (semicircular), with broad, open sinuses, or the sinuses lacking. This species is much more common in
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FB431230C1FDFCCE" box="[1152,1203,844,869]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Peru</collectingCountry>
and northward in the Andes and Mesoamerica. It shows a sister relationship with
<taxonomicName id="4C784D11DE1D3154FCEA120CC6E4FC22" box="[809,938,880,905]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Nephrolepidaceae" genus="Nephrolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rivularis">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FCEA120CC6E4FC22" box="[809,938,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">N. rivularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the analysis by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B63DE1D3154FBB8120CC02FFC22" author="Yahaya, N. H. &amp; Stech, M. &amp; Zonneveld, B. J. M. &amp; Hovenkamp, P. H." box="[1147,1377,880,905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" pagination="153 - 160" refId="ref5097" refString="Yahaya, N. H., Stech, M., Zonneveld, B. J. M. &amp; Hovenkamp, P. H. (2016) &quot; What is Nephrolepis ' bostoniensis'? &quot; Unravelling the origin of Nephrolepis hybrids and cultivars with molecular data. &quot; Scientia Horticulturae 204: 153 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. scienta. 2016.04.001" type="journal article" year="2016">
Yahaya
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. (2016)
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<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF4B1742C433F9F2" bold="true" box="[136,381,1598,1625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Nephrolepis rivularis</emphasis>
(Vahl) Mett. ex Krug
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD91083DE1D3154FD59173CC10AF9F2" author="Urban" box="[666,1092,1600,1625]" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="122" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" score="144.29617767960897" volume="24" year="1897">
<bibCitation id="5E523EFEDE1D3154FD59173CC10AF9F2" author="Urban" box="[666,1092,1600,1625]" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="122" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" score="144.29617767960897" volume="24" year="1897">
Urban,
<bibCitation id="5E523EFEDE1D3154FD2D173CC10AF9F2" box="[750,1092,1600,1625]" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="122" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" score="144.29617767960897" volume="24" year="1897">Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24:122. 1897</bibCitation>
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<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF7E1718C45DF9D6" bold="true" box="[189,275,1636,1661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Range:</emphasis>
—Antilles; southern
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FE3D1718C71AF9D6" box="[510,596,1636,1661]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FDB41718C787F9D6" box="[631,713,1636,1661]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(BE, CO, LP, PA, SC) and
<collectingCountry id="F36F7602DE1D3154FC3E1718C10BF9D6" box="[1021,1093,1636,1661]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3626519DE1D3154FF7E17F4C4FDF8FE" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
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<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF7E17F4C468F90A" bold="true" box="[189,294,1672,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Ecology:</emphasis>
—Uncommon; epiphytic or less commonly terrestrial, in humid forests, secondary forests, and scrub, often on palms and dead logs; to
<quantity id="4C809B77DE1D3154FE3817D0C71DF96E" box="[507,595,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
.
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<paragraph id="8BC73692DE1D3154FF7E17ACC4FDF8FE" blockId="3.[136,1452,1636,1877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B90CEA80DE1D3154FF7E17ACC447F942" bold="true" box="[189,265,1744,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="138">Notes:</emphasis>
—Rhizome scales distinctly bicolorous, with lustrous, reddish brown centers and pale brown, long-ciliate margins; scales on petioles, rachises, and pinnae castaneous; blades (7)
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wide; pinnae with cuneate basiscopic bases, abaxially with sparse, fibrillose scales on the surfaces; indusia dark reddish brown, round-reniform, with narrow sinuses,
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wide.
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