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<mods:title>Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="B4E6B57311CAD39E219F69F2E952D40A">Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88490BBEA547F6F065073CF564CD6989">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA52B8A090B76223FCCAAFE93E0F58E4">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="61FB1C4E70545EB68E3EB33170A3A8E9">Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:date id="F2074E1DD14DF3B306AA819E66F29999">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B52CC8060CEC94E6B2727BCF51EBC6E4">493</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EBA028FE6B802B265E5487D6171B522" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0EBA028FE6B802B265E5487D6171B522" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
|
||||
<treatment id="0EBA028FE6B802B265E5487D6171B522" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EBA028FE6B802B265E5487D6171B522" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0EBA028FE6B802B265E5487D6171B522" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" scope_family="Figitidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Eucoilinae" scope_superFamily="Cynipoidea" scope_tribe="Eucoilini">
|
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<subSubSection id="85E3AABED1833DDC402F85DFC51629FF" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="3C0C098CE50043E6C804E846CA5384A4" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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||||
<taxonomicName authority="Foerster, 1869" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Trybliographa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trybliographa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="744B86BE50889FAC3C57E32905464C91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="C5335E1AC9D938209D5A67D455CFB346" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B18382666F93EDC5BF253D86AE1ADE52" authority="Foerster, 1869" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1869" genus="Trybliographa" lsidName="Trybliographa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">
|
||||
Trybliographa
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="DA00E334809F4D73E6552D33339C32C2" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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||||
, 1869
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Remarks.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Rare in the Afrotropical region. Only one species encountered so far, but more are to be expected.</paragraph>
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||||
<subSubSection id="1F0487BC4EC5786E54EC9302D84CF83B" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9043BEAF48BF801CD87754E350926A5F" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3C7C282C5C312CACE185C34D1D8FA4DE" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Rare in the Afrotropical region. Only one species encountered so far, but more are to be expected.</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="65433432270F35990DFC7E8E2C88EAA5" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="81F9339972B02238A72305E91048E5B1" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="DAC67166E7B33185E8D6B8BDAAE7E947" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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Characteristically large eucoilines, dark and mostly strongly built, separated from several other genera with which confusion is otherwise possible by the possession of distinct subalar pit, as well as a metapleural corner which is hairless, oblique, and more or less upturned (forming a small, more or less triangular glabrous posterolateral surface called the metapleural triangle).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aganaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aganaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aganaspis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="093A8AF5CEE01A10B0E09CEF0EFD7AC8" genus="Aganaspis" lsidName="Aganaspis" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">Aganaspis</taxonomicName>
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which is often superficially similar always has a distinct tuft of hairs on the metapleural corner. Furthermore, in males,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aganaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aganaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aganaspis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1857533D7F7AB6D652A985BEA3F7227A" genus="Aganaspis" lsidName="Aganaspis" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">Aganaspis</taxonomicName>
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just like other
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="tribe" tribe="Ganaspini">Ganaspini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D892D2567EC10D412F4E571AA1EBFF20" lsidName="" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="tribe" tribe="Ganaspini">Ganaspini</taxonomicName>
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have the antennal F1 modified, while
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Trybliographa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trybliographa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trybliographa</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="3A19C0DFC8EDF99F0B863445DDA161CE" genus="Trybliographa" lsidName="Trybliographa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">Trybliographa</taxonomicName>
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have F2 modified. In Africa, the major confusion risk is in fact those specimens of the closely related
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Figitidae" genus="Bothrochacis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothrochacis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bothrochacis</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="84D49113EF8EBA4BEDFE551604A17A0A" genus="Bothrochacis" lsidName="Bothrochacis" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">Bothrochacis</taxonomicName>
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that have less reduced wing pubescence. Unlike
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Trybliographa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trybliographa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trybliographa</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="162F2A9EA9FF4F270C61A31610DE6A8B" genus="Trybliographa" lsidName="Trybliographa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">Trybliographa</taxonomicName>
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, they typically have stout setae on the subcosta, truncate setae on the pronotum and mesoscutum, large scutellar foveae, and vermiculate sculpture on the coxae. The single
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Trybliographa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trybliographa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trybliographa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CBE59B79E2CA1E180561EB9AD95B42EE" genus="Trybliographa" lsidName="Trybliographa" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="genus">Trybliographa</taxonomicName>
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species encountered so far in the Afrotropical region though, is very easy to recognise by the fuscate marginal cell.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<caption id="9BC53DC2C2135C7EE7C226DA3FDC5E74" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<paragraph id="813E067299BDE41DBA83F3D9DD51427F" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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Figure 28.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Trybliographa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trybliographa australiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">Trybliographa australiensis</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="D882D29B3504BDAF8664540E7B89A7B9" genus="Trybliographa" lsidName="Trybliographa australiensis" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="australiensis">Trybliographa australiensis</taxonomicName>
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(Madagascar). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Worldwide, but by far most diverse in the Holarctic. Afrotropical region: Madagascar (here).</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="86F38D7BC1C1FA98FF77E30233AFC784" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0B7F2F98FB1625752BB4DFCD850C141E" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CEA1C23BF7EFC123D03AB7E4E45C982B" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Worldwide, but by far most diverse in the Holarctic. Afrotropical region: Madagascar (here).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="biology">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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||||
<subSubSection id="58A5D4A99A5BF0CDD70942ADA232C0CF" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="biology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E46EFCB89B834E6691F91CFDB0A7DB87" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="05070ED8DF66A86C4AFF6B62937978D5" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
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Attack
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<taxonomicName family="Anthomyiidae" lsidName="" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="family">Anthomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FDD7A9EF728CFCC0A99F16D3C4911A84" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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||||
and occasionally other calyptrate flies in dung, fungi, debris, etc (
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<bibRefCitation author="Belizin, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoolicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1652 - 1658" volume="42" year="1963">Belizin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D3F0A4EB8343AD83E6C8EADABA89F746" author="Belizin, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoolicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1652 - 1658" volume="42" year="1963">Belizin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Block, W" journalOrPublisher="Ecologia" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="332 - 338" title="Cold resistance and overwintering survival of the cabbage root fly, Deliaradicum (Anthomyiidae) and its parasitoid, Trybliographarapae (Cynipidae) in England." volume="71" year="1987">Block et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EDDEBB4BBF245F72063111C94D5AF2DB" author="Block, W" journalOrPublisher="Ecologia" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="332 - 338" title="Cold resistance and overwintering survival of the cabbage root fly, Deliaradicum (Anthomyiidae) and its parasitoid, Trybliographarapae (Cynipidae) in England." volume="71" year="1987">Block et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Griffiths, GCD" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" title="Flies of the Nearctic region. Cyclorrhapha II (Schizophora: Calyptratae) Anthomyiidae" year="1993">Griffiths 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BCB27A2137F8A7F1BC4EB40E92963168" author="Griffiths, GCD" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" title="Flies of the Nearctic region. Cyclorrhapha II (Schizophora: Calyptratae) Anthomyiidae" year="1993">Griffiths 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Harukawa and Kikamashiro 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
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|
||||
, and plenty of others, plus lots of additional label data). The host of the African species is not known.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="species richness">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Species richness.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Trybliographa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trybliographa australiensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australiensis">Trybliographa australiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B769B8BC8DD310E46C3A4F8F625FE187" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="species richness">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F924A189E016A1FC0AC4611C473677A9" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Species richness.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3130CE975CCF329E3DF33DB87C0DE46F" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4A7FF004F7DE949B19CF7CBCA272BEF3" genus="Trybliographa" lsidName="Trybliographa australiensis" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="australiensis">Trybliographa australiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ashmead, 1900 (Madagascar)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
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