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<document id="F6E3F78950684E37B871251F785F7324" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.395.2.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13718535" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725654352249" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ruwer, Daiane T., Ludwig, Thelma A. V. &amp; Rodrigues, Liliana" docDate="2019" docId="EC0187CAE53BFFD2BDBDFF4EFED96F46" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.395.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 395 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Actinella hermes-moreirae Ruwer, Ludwig, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="1038FFB2E539FFD6BD35FFD3FFA36E0F" masterDocTitle="Two new diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Brazilian floodplain: Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. and Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1725664974085" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="2CDC8D5AF9820709D7ED3C573D8C974A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B3D71A9350964D24B37AAD9D74B7AB19">
<mods:title id="ECB216FB1C02CA9B3DADAAB0A00D86F8">Two new diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Brazilian floodplain: Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. and Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="14B4F981BEDE95FDBC7ECC432DB50F48" type="personal">
<mods:role id="653BE6FB33AFABDD6EFB695CBC21E7C3">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="171CEF07B68AEB66E215D394C34B537E">Ruwer, Daiane T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5B8B1A094C4F3254D4CC5D116CF21F94">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, CP 87020 - 900, Zona 7, Maringá, PR, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3896F267F885537EAA48D154AD6FBF4C" type="email">dai.ruwer@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E1F3B9491754AB4EC2D5E5717E24667E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C643F6258AEDBC269A9E71225E10330E">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="83FE488C8293E89BB6F4BA62D8947D84">Ludwig, Thelma A. V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7F89667492D2C5F73838A4F9154044E2">Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19031, CP 81531 - 990, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil,</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="006FE06CE72080A006C46C346F98D654">Rodrigues, Liliana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B556F6590C455AAD4AEF33275C1BEA5">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, CP 87020 - 900, Zona 7, Maringá, PR, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:titleInfo id="80E43C5748BEC39C8C86D458204523F6">
<mods:title id="63266E8CA5BEDAD7FA2898BBA52A7456">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7ECB8DB5A33EBD53C183F4FA7038F73E">
<mods:date id="6977C57B86B02F9C7EB995AADB510F7E">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CF2B3059BB17E709E828B15C39CA6D18" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="BC033F0471C26E1F98698C722576B6F8">2019-03-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="405F1CD2EA72DBA3DB8806B6E0FEF613" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F38B12019BC039B50186272E837BCC13">395</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6367ACA201EE9CCB6B8480F19C37C0EB">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E45CBB55ED8B7B37919D9912B6F23131" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DAD13C6CD9DBDC174A289DEBA5896BB0" type="Zenodo-Dep">13718535</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EC0187CAE53BFFD2BDBDFF4EFED96F46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0187CAE53BFFD2BDBDFF4EFED96F46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC0187CAE53BFFD2BDBDFF4EFED96F46" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection id="2CB26557E53BFFD4BDBDFF4EFE7D6F9F" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53BFFD4BDBDFF4EFBEA6EB7" blockId="2.[136,1097,157,184]" box="[136,1097,157,184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<heading id="3F5F81B0E53BFFD4BDBDFF4EFBEA6EB7" box="[136,1097,157,184]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BDBDFF4EFDD16EB7" authority="Ruwer, Ludwig" authorityName="Ruwer, Ludwig" box="[136,626,157,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BDBDFF4EFE1E6EB7" bold="true" box="[136,445,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Actinella hermes-moreirae</emphasis>
Ruwer, Ludwig
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53BFFD4BFA3FF4CFCAF6EB7" box="[662,780,159,184]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BE22FF4CFCCF6EB7" box="[791,876,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53BFFD4BE22FF4CFCCF6EB7" box="[791,876,159,184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53BFFD4BE4FFF4CFC4D6EB7" box="[890,1006,159,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 2–23" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1413,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-123@2.[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2–23. Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718537/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Figs 2–23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53BFFD4BECCFF4CFBE36EB7" box="[1017,1088,159,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–31" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1336,1357]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,191,1311]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[215,1371,190,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 24–31. Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. from type material, Mutum Island, SEM. 24. External view of valve. Scale bar = 5 μm. 25-26. Internal view of the valve. Scale bar = 5 μm. 27. Girdle view of the valve. Scale bar = 5 μm. 28. Aspect of the distal raphe end on headpole. Scale bar = 2 μm. 29-30. Headpole and footpole in internal view showing the rimoportula (arrow) and helictoglossa. Scale bar = 2 μm. 31. 29. Headpole in girdle view, showing the raphe on the mantle (arrow). Scale bar = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718539/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">24–31</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53BFFD4BDBDFF10FE7D6F9F" blockId="2.[136,1452,195,400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Frustules moderately arched. Valves dorsiventral and heteropolar. Length 13-38 μm, breadth 3-5 μm wide at median region (n=30). Dorsal margin convex and ventral margin linear to slightly concave. Headpole subcapitate, slightly dorsally bent. Footpole attenuated rounded. Raphe at the ventral margin of valve, reduced, with external distal ends slightly arched on the valve face. Helictoglossa distinct. Striae parallel to slightly radiate towards the poles,
<quantity id="A3509B39E53BFFD4B87DFEFCFA0F6F47" box="[1352,1452,303,328]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" unit="in" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 in</quantity>
10 μm, composed of continuous rows of rounded areolae, 4-5 areolae in 1 μm. Spines absent. A single rimoportula per valve on headpole or footpole.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="30D76654E53BFFD4BDBDFA56FB366B95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13718537" box="[136,1173,1413,1434]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718537/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" startId="2.[136,229,1413,1434]" targetBox="[151,1436,429,1379]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53BFFD4BDBDFA56FB366B95" blockId="2.[136,1173,1413,1434]" box="[136,1173,1413,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BDBDFA56FE826B95" bold="true" box="[136,289,1413,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 2–23.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BC12FA56FDDA6B95" box="[295,633,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BC12FA56FD8B6B95" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[295,552,1413,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae" status="sp. nov.">Actinella hermes-moreirae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BF1BFA56FDDA6B95" bold="true" box="[558,633,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53BFFD4BF1BFA56FDDA6B95" box="[558,633,1413,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="2CB26557E53BFFD4BD88FA18FAE66807" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53BFFD4BD88FA18FAE66807" blockId="2.[136,1452,1483,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BD88FA18FF5B6BEB" bold="true" box="[189,248,1483,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Type</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="1CBF764CE53BFFD4BC2FFA18FE266BEB" box="[282,389,1483,1508]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53BFFD4BCA2FA18FE4B6BEB" box="[407,488,1483,1508]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Paraná</collectingRegion>
: Porto Rico, Ilha Mutum, Upper
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53BFFD4BEB9FA18FC7B6BEB" box="[908,984,1483,1508]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Paraná</collectingRegion>
River Floodplain, swamp, periphyton,
<geoCoordinate id="019C501BE53BFFD4BDBDFA3CFE916807" box="[136,306,1519,1544]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" precision="1" seconds="31.98" value="-22.758883">22°45’31.98”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="019C501BE53BFFD4BC0BFA3CFE536807" box="[318,496,1519,1544]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" precision="1" seconds="52.60" value="-53.297943">53°17’52.60”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="1016101CE53BFFD4BCCFFA3CFDD46807" box="[506,631,1519,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" value="2016-04">April 2016</date>
,
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BFB7FA3CFCA16807" box="[642,770,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
D.
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4BFA9FA3CFD0D6807" box="[668,686,1519,1544]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">T</collectionCode>
. Ruwer
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="BB13887EE53BFFD4BE25FA3CFCD76807" box="[784,884,1519,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4BE4EFA3CFC696807" box="[891,970,1519,1544]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78281, here illustrated in
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53BFFD4B9C1FA3CFA9B6807" box="[1268,1336,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2–23" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1413,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-123@2.[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2–23. Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718537/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB26557E53BFFD4BD88F9C0FC8E685F" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53BFFD4BD88F9C0FC8E685F" blockId="2.[136,1452,1483,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BD88F9C0FEEB6823" bold="true" box="[189,328,1555,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The species is named in honor of the pioneer Brazilian diatomist Dr. Hermes Moreira Filho (
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4B8A3F9C0FEA3685F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">in memoriam</emphasis>
), a researcher from Federal University of
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53BFFD4BFECF9E4FC8A685F" box="[729,809,1591,1616]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Paraná</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB26557E53BFFD2BD88F988FED96F46" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53BFFD4BD88F988FC0568B3" blockId="2.[136,1452,1483,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BD88F988FE11687B" bold="true" box="[189,434,1627,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Material examined:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="D4C03C81E53BFFD4BCFAF988FE766897" collectingDate="2016-04-12" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" location="Ilha Mutum" municipality="Porto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectingCountry id="1CBF764CE53BFFD4BCFAF988FD94687B" box="[463,567,1627,1652]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53BFFD4BF7CF988FD39687B" box="[585,666,1627,1652]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Paraná</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="8473ACA6E53BFFD4BF98F988FC92687B" box="[685,817,1627,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Porto Rico</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="61776007E53BFFD4BE71F988FC76687B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0187CAE53BFFD2BDBDFF4EFED96F46:61776007E53BFFD4BE71F988FC76687B" box="[836,981,1627,1652]" country="Brazil" municipality="Porto Rico" name="Ilha Mutum" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Parana">Ilha Mutum</location>
, periphyton,
<date id="1016101CE53BFFD4B94DF988FB5E687B" box="[1144,1277,1627,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" value="2016-04-12">
<collectingDate id="0052E9F4E53BFFD4B94DF988FB5E687B" box="[1144,1277,1627,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" value="2016-04-12">12-IV-2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, Ruwer
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4B85EF988FA0F687B" box="[1387,1452,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
(78280
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4BDEDF9ACFE806897" box="[216,291,1663,1688]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
, 78281
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4BCB5F9ACFE6E6897" box="[384,461,1663,1688]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4C03C81E53BFFD4BCDFF9ACFC0168B3" collectingDate="2012-02-27" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1">
sediment,
<date id="1016101CE53BFFD4BF5DF9ACFD476897" box="[616,740,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" value="2012-02-27">
<collectingDate id="0052E9F4E53BFFD4BF5DF9ACFD476897" box="[616,740,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" value="2012-02-27">27-II-2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, Ruwer
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BE63F9ACFC3B6897" box="[854,920,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
(78287
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4BECCF9ACFBE66897" box="[1017,1093,1663,1688]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
, 78296
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4B995F9ACFB4A6897" box="[1184,1257,1663,1688]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
- 78298
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4B869F9ACFA046897" box="[1372,1447,1663,1688]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
, 78300
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- 78303
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, 78305
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, 78306
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, 78313
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4BE7BF970FC3968B3" box="[846,922,1699,1724]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53BFFD4BD88F914FE146927" blockId="2.[136,1452,1483,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
The new taxa
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BC53F914FDEA68EF" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[358,585,1735,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BC53F914FDEA68EF" box="[358,585,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">A. hermes-moreirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents asymmetric valves in relation to the transapical axis and a raphe system predominantly located at the valve mantle; therefore we have identified it as a species belonging to the genus
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BDBDF8DCFF4E6927" box="[136,237,1807,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BDBDF8DCFF4E6927" box="[136,237,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Actinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53BFFD4BDC9F8DCFEC56927" box="[252,358,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 2–23" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1413,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-123@2.[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2–23. Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718537/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Figures 2</figureCitation>
to 23).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53BFFD4BD88F8E0FC8C662B" blockId="2.[136,1452,1483,2084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BD88F8E0FE5A6943" box="[189,505,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BD88F8E0FE3F6943" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,412,1843,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae" status="sp. nov.">A. hermes-moreirae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BC96F8E1FE5A6943" bold="true" box="[419,505,1842,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53BFFD4BC96F8E1FE5A6943" box="[419,505,1842,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53BFFD4BF3DF8E0FDF86943" box="[520,603,1843,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2–23" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1413,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-123@2.[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2–23. Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718537/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) shares similar valve formats with other species (
<tableCitation id="292A0367E53BFFD4B9B6F8E0FB756943" box="[1155,1238,1843,1868]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,224,1515,1538]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological and metric data of Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. and similar species (*without information)." pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Table 1</tableCitation>
), such as
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4B873F8E0FE20697F" authorityName="J.C.F.Costa" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leontopithecus-rosalia">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4B873F8E0FE20697F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Actinella leontopithecus-rosalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53BFFD4BCB8F884FDF1697F" author="Costa, J. C. F." box="[397,594,1879,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="57 - 143" refId="ref3620" refString="Costa, J. C. F. (1995) Diatomaceas (Bacillariophyceae) da Reserva Biologica de Poco das Antas, Municipio de Silva Jardim, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Iheringia Serie Botanica 46: 57 - 143." type="journal article" year="1995">
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53BFFD4BCB8F884FE6E697F" box="[397,461,1879,1904]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Costa</collectingRegion>
(1995: 64)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BF55F884FD12697F" box="[608,689,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">emend.</emphasis>
Tremarin, Kim &amp;
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53BFFD4BEBBF884FC03697F" box="[910,928,1879,1904]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">T</collectionCode>
. Ludwig (2016: 261),
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4B992F884FEAD699B" authority="Hustedt (1952: 135)" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityPageNumber="135" authorityYear="1952" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eunotioides">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4B992F884FAE9697F" box="[1191,1354,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">A. eunotioides</emphasis>
Hustedt (1952: 135)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BC7FF8A8FC83699B" authority="Kociolek (2001: 148)" authorityName="Kociolek" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="2001" box="[330,800,1915,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lange-bertalotii">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BC7FF8A8FDBF699B" box="[330,540,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">A. lange-bertalotii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53BFFD4BF13F8A8FC83699B" author="Kociolek, J. P. &amp; Lyon, D. &amp; Spaulding, S." box="[550,800,1915,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref3994" refString="Kociolek, J. P., Lyon, D. &amp; Spaulding, S. (2001) Revision of the South American species of Actinella. In: Jahn, R., Kociolek, J. P., Witkowski, A. &amp; Compere, P. (Eds.) Studies on Diatoms. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G. Koenigstein, pp. 1 - 326." type="book chapter" year="2001">Kociolek (2001: 148)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BE18F8A8FBAC699B" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[813,1039,1915,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BE18F8A8FBAC699B" box="[813,1039,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">A. hermes-moreirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53BFFD4B914F8A8FBD6699B" box="[1057,1141,1915,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 2–23" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1413,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-123@2.[151,1436,429,1379]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2–23. Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718537/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) presents populations with smaller valve length in relation to the others taxa.
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BFE7F84CFBB769B7" authority="Kociolek" authorityName="Kociolek" authorityYear="2001" box="[722,1044,1951,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lange-bertalotii">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BFE7F84CFC0769B7" box="[722,932,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">A. lange-bertalotii</emphasis>
Kociolek
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4B965F84CFACE69B7" authorityName="J.C.F.Costa" authorityYear="1995" box="[1104,1389,1951,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leontopithecus-rosalia">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4B965F84CFACE69B7" box="[1104,1389,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">A. leontopithecus-rosalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have narrower and longer headpole.
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53BFFD4BCC6F810FD3469D3" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1952" box="[499,663,1987,2012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eunotioides">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BCC6F810FD3469D3" box="[499,663,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">A. eunotioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has lower striae density, elongated sub-capitate apices and commashaped raphe ends (
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53BFFD4BC56F834FD7C660F" author="Metzeltin, D. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[355,735,2023,2048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 695" refId="ref4324" refString="Metzeltin, D. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. (1998) Tropical diatoms of South America I. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica, vol. 5. Koeltz Scientific Books, pp. 1 - 695." type="book chapter" year="1998">Metzeltin &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53BFFD4BFDFF834FC71660F" author="Kociolek, J. P. &amp; Lyon, D. &amp; Spaulding, S." box="[746,978,2023,2048]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref3994" refString="Kociolek, J. P., Lyon, D. &amp; Spaulding, S. (2001) Revision of the South American species of Actinella. In: Jahn, R., Kociolek, J. P., Witkowski, A. &amp; Compere, P. (Eds.) Studies on Diatoms. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G. Koenigstein, pp. 1 - 326." type="book chapter" year="2001">
Kociolek
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53BFFD4BE62F834FC2C660F" box="[855,911,2023,2048]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
). Basically, those taxa can be separated by the shape of distal raphe ends, and valve measures (
<tableCitation id="292A0367E53BFFD4BFFFF7D8FCBD662B" box="[714,798,2059,2084]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,224,1515,1538]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological and metric data of Actinella hermes-moreirae sp. nov. and similar species (*without information)." pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="30D76654E53AFFD5BDBDFAEBFBD66BB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718539" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13718539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718539/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" startId="3.[136,243,1336,1357]" targetBox="[215,1371,191,1311]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53AFFD5BDBDFAEBFBD66BB6" blockId="3.[136,1452,1336,1465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BDBDFAEBFE996B42" bold="true" box="[136,314,1336,1357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">FIGURES 24–31.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BC75FAEBFD326B42" box="[320,657,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53AFFD5BC75FAEBFDE26B42" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[320,577,1336,1357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae" status="sp. nov.">Actinella hermes-moreirae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BF72FAEBFD326B42" bold="true" box="[583,657,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53AFFD5BF72FAEBFD326B42" box="[583,657,1336,1357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
from type material, Mutum Island, SEM. 24. External view of valve. Scale bar = 5 μm. 25-26. Internal view of the valve. Scale bar = 5 μm. 27. Girdle view of the valve. Scale bar = 5 μm. 28. Aspect of the distal raphe end on headpole. Scale bar = 2 μm. 29-30. Headpole and footpole in internal view showing the rimoportula (arrow) and helictoglossa. Scale bar = 2 μm. 31. 29. Headpole in girdle view, showing the raphe on the mantle (arrow). Scale bar = 2 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="30D76654E53AFFD5BDBDFA38FEB56829" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" startId="3.[136,224,1515,1538]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53AFFD5BDBDFA38FEB56829" blockId="3.[136,1451,1514,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BDBDFA38FEA6680D" bold="true" box="[136,261,1515,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological and metric data of
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BF87FA38FBE6680E" box="[690,1093,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53AFFD5BF87FA38FC7A680D" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[690,985,1515,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae" status="sp. nov.">Actinella hermes-moreirae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BEDCFA39FBE6680E" bold="true" box="[1001,1093,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53AFFD5BEDCFA39FBE6680E" box="[1001,1093,1514,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
and similar species (*without information).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53AFFD5BC40F9E7FAEB6616" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<table id="16A8C47CE53A0029BDA5F9E7FA2C6616" box="[144,1423,1588,2073]" gridcols="5" gridrows="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F9E7FA2C6846" box="[144,1423,1588,1609]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F9E7FDD66846" box="[373,629,1588,1609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53AFFD5BC40F9E7FDD66846" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[373,629,1588,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BC40F9E7FDD66846" box="[373,629,1588,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Actinella hermes-moreirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF9E7FC236846" box="[650,896,1588,1609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BFBFF9E7FC236846" box="[650,896,1588,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53AFFD5BFBFF9E7FC8C6846" box="[650,815,1588,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leontopithecus">A. leontopithecus</taxonomicName>
–rosalia
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F9E7FB376846" box="[928,1172,1588,1609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53AFFD5BE95F9E7FB376846" authorityName="Kociolek" authorityYear="2001" box="[928,1172,1588,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lange-bertalotii">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BE95F9E7FB376846" box="[928,1172,1588,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Actinella lange-bertalotii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F9E7FA2C6846" box="[1205,1423,1588,1609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53AFFD5B980F9E7FA226846" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[1205,1409,1588,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eunotioides" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5B980F9E7FA226846" box="[1205,1409,1588,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Actinella eunotioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F982FA2C6869" box="[144,1423,1617,1638]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F982FDD66869" box="[373,629,1617,1638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BC40F982FE1D6869" box="[373,446,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53AFFD5BC40F982FE1D6869" box="[373,446,1617,1638]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F9A2FA2C6889" box="[144,1423,1649,1670]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F9A2FEF16889" box="[144,338,1649,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Length (μm)</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F9A2FDD66889" box="[373,629,1649,1670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">13.1–38</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF9A2FC236889" box="[650,896,1649,1670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">18.1–90.3</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F9A2FB376889" box="[928,1172,1649,1670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">19–87</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F9A2FA2C6889" box="[1205,1423,1649,1670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">60–120</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F942FA2C68A9" box="[144,1423,1681,1702]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F942FEF168A9" box="[144,338,1681,1702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Width (μm)</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F942FDD668A9" box="[373,629,1681,1702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">3–5</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF942FC2368A9" box="[650,896,1681,1702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">2.6–4.6</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F942FB3768A9" box="[928,1172,1681,1702]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">4.0–5</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F942FA2C68A9" box="[1205,1423,1681,1702]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">3.5–4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F962FA2C68C9" box="[144,1423,1713,1734]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F962FEF168C9" box="[144,338,1713,1734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Striae (10 μm)</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F962FDD668C9" box="[373,629,1713,1734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">16–18</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF962FC2368C9" box="[650,896,1713,1734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">16–20</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F962FB3768C9" box="[928,1172,1713,1734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">15–16</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F962FA2C68C9" box="[1205,1423,1713,1734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">10–15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F903FA2C68EA" box="[144,1423,1744,1765]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F903FEF168EA" box="[144,338,1744,1765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Rate (length/width)</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F903FDD668EA" box="[373,629,1744,1765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">4.3–7.8</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF903FC2368EA" box="[650,896,1744,1765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">6.9–19</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F903FB3768EA" box="[928,1172,1744,1765]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">4.7–17.4</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F903FA2C68EA" box="[1205,1423,1744,1765]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">17–26.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F923FA2C690A" box="[144,1423,1776,1797]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F923FEF1690A" box="[144,338,1776,1797]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Row of areolae</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F923FDD6690A" box="[373,629,1776,1797]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Regular</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF923FC23690A" box="[650,896,1776,1797]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Regular</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F923FB37690A" box="[928,1172,1776,1797]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Regular</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F923FA2C690A" box="[1205,1423,1776,1797]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Regular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F8C3FA2C692A" box="[144,1423,1808,1829]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F8C3FEF1692A" box="[144,338,1808,1829]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Areolae (1 μm)</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F8C3FDD6692A" box="[373,629,1808,1829]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">4–5</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF8C3FC23692A" box="[650,896,1808,1829]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">3–5</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F8C3FB37692A" box="[928,1172,1808,1829]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">*</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F8C3FA2C692A" box="[1205,1423,1808,1829]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F8E3FA2C694A" box="[144,1423,1840,1861]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F8E3FEF1694A" box="[144,338,1840,1861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Shape of raphe ends</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F8E3FDD6694A" box="[373,629,1840,1861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Slightly arched</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF8E3FC23694A" box="[650,896,1840,1861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Hook-like</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F8E3FB37694A" box="[928,1172,1840,1861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">“U”</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F8E3FA2C694A" box="[1205,1423,1840,1861]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Comma-shaped</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F89CFA2C696B" box="[144,1423,1871,1892]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F89CFEF1696B" box="[144,338,1871,1892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Spines</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F89CFDD6696B" box="[373,629,1871,1892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Absent</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF89CFC23696B" box="[650,896,1871,1892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Small spine on the</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F89CFB37696B" box="[928,1172,1871,1892]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">On the headpole</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F89CFA2C696B" box="[1205,1423,1871,1892]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Small spine on the</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F8BEFA2C698D" box="[144,1423,1901,1922]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF8BEFC23698D" box="[650,896,1901,1922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">headpole</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F8BEFA2C698D" box="[1205,1423,1901,1922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">headpole</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F85FFA2C69AE" box="[144,1423,1932,1953]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F85FFEF169AE" box="[144,338,1932,1953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Rimoportula</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F85FFDD669AE" box="[373,629,1932,1953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">At the headpole or</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF85FFC2369AE" box="[650,896,1932,1953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">At the headpole or</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F85FFB3769AE" box="[928,1172,1932,1953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">At the footpole</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F85FFA2C69AE" box="[1205,1423,1932,1953]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">At the footpole</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F879FA2C69B0" box="[144,1423,1962,1983]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F879FDD669B0" box="[373,629,1962,1983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">footpole</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF879FC2369B0" box="[650,896,1962,1983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">footpole</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F81AFA2C69D1" box="[144,1423,1993,2014]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<th id="99495DE2E53A0029BDA5F81AFEF169D1" box="[144,338,1993,2014]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Reference</th>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BC40F81AFDD669D1" box="[373,629,1993,2014]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Present study</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF81AFC2369D1" box="[650,896,1993,2014]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53AFFD5BFBFF81AFCC269D1" author="Tremarin, P. I. &amp; Kim, K. I. M. B. &amp; Marra, R. C. &amp; Ludwig, T. A. V." box="[650,865,1993,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" pagination="259 - 266" refId="ref5227" refString="Tremarin, P. I., Kim, K. I. M. B., Marra, R. C. &amp; Ludwig, T. A. V. (2016) Additional data on morphology of Actinella leontopithecus-rosalia Costa (Bacillariophyta, Eunotiaceae). Phytotaxa 247 (4): 259 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 247.4.3" type="journal article" year="2016">
Tremarin
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BFDCF81AFCB969D1" box="[745,794,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
,
</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BE95F81AFB3769D1" box="[928,1172,1993,2014]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53AFFD5BE95F81AFBD769D1" author="Kociolek, J. P. &amp; Lyon, D. &amp; Spaulding, S." box="[928,1140,1993,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref3994" refString="Kociolek, J. P., Lyon, D. &amp; Spaulding, S. (2001) Revision of the South American species of Actinella. In: Jahn, R., Kociolek, J. P., Witkowski, A. &amp; Compere, P. (Eds.) Studies on Diatoms. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G. Koenigstein, pp. 1 - 326." type="book chapter" year="2001">
Kociolek
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5BECBF81AFB8C69D1" box="[1022,1071,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F81AFA2C69D1" box="[1205,1423,1993,2014]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53AFFD5B980F81AFA2869D1" author="Kociolek, J. P. &amp; Lyon, D. &amp; Spaulding, S." box="[1205,1419,1993,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref3994" refString="Kociolek, J. P., Lyon, D. &amp; Spaulding, S. (2001) Revision of the South American species of Actinella. In: Jahn, R., Kociolek, J. P., Witkowski, A. &amp; Compere, P. (Eds.) Studies on Diatoms. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G. Koenigstein, pp. 1 - 326." type="book chapter" year="2001">
Kociolek
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53AFFD5B826F81AFAE769D1" box="[1299,1348,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
,
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F834FA2C69F3" box="[144,1423,2023,2044]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029BFBFF834FC2369F3" box="[650,896,2023,2044]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53AFFD5BFBFF834FCA469F3" author="Costa, J. C. F." box="[650,775,2023,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" pagination="57 - 143" refId="ref3620" refString="Costa, J. C. F. (1995) Diatomaceas (Bacillariophyceae) da Reserva Biologica de Poco das Antas, Municipio de Silva Jardim, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Iheringia Serie Botanica 46: 57 - 143." type="journal article" year="1995">Costa (1995)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F834FA2C69F3" box="[1205,1423,2023,2044]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Metzeltin &amp; Lange-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DA98349EE53A0029BDA5F7D7FA2C6616" box="[144,1423,2052,2073]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="99495DE2E53A0029B980F7D7FA2C6616" box="[1205,1423,2052,2073]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Bertalot (1998)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53DFFD2BDBDFF73FE026EB6" blockId="4.[136,466,160,329]" box="[136,417,160,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Class
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53DFFD2BDF9FF73FE026EB6" box="[204,417,160,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="class">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BDF9FF73FE026EB6" bold="true" box="[204,417,160,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Bacillariophyceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53DFFD2BDBDFF17FE726ED2" blockId="4.[136,466,160,329]" box="[136,465,196,221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Subclass
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53DFFD2BDC4FF17FE726ED2" authorityName="D.G.Mann" authorityYear="1990" box="[241,465,196,221]" class="Bacillariophyceae" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="subClass" subClass="Bacillariophycidae">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BDC4FF17FE726ED2" bold="true" box="[241,465,196,221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Bacillariophycidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53DFFD2BDBDFF3BFEC16F0E" blockId="4.[136,466,160,329]" box="[136,354,232,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Order
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53DFFD2BDE5FF3BFEC16F0E" box="[208,354,232,257]" class="Bacillariophyceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="order">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BDE5FF3BFEC16F0E" bold="true" box="[208,354,232,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Cymbellales</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53DFFD2BDBDFEDFFE716F2A" blockId="4.[136,466,160,329]" box="[136,466,268,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Family
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53DFFD2BDEBFEDFFE716F2A" box="[222,466,268,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="family">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BDEBFEDFFE716F2A" bold="true" box="[222,466,268,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Gomphonemataceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53DFFD2BDBDFEE3FED96F46" blockId="4.[136,466,160,329]" box="[136,378,302,329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53DFFD2BDE2FEFDFED96F46" box="[215,378,302,329]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BDE2FEFDFED96F46" bold="true" box="[215,378,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Gomphonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart id="045120FC27D3EC396F6B0E25BDC6DA43">Rodrigues, Liliana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A6EF47BECB7153180B44899C51DA8B43">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, CP 87020 - 900, Zona 7, Maringá, PR, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C60DA5D8BA68B8AC6FA68ACEDF300AC2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7B4635BD979E8DBE70A829206A486543" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="AFADE69857B527BF34E3269A542D594D">
<mods:title id="BAEBDDE928441CE2EF2AAE950588ADBB">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="EDECD9ED1E0F43312D81AEFC3792CECD">
<mods:date id="9F105FB7450CEA0271770A9F10D21611">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4C1E210B7553A8836842785057EDD85F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EC8EAF5AE03D0732C337DFBF52DFB486">2019-03-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9CD52275A14B5D7D63906A608562A456" type="volume">
<mods:number id="61C3D2D7BEA777F246964BBD656C0137">395</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E134A898ED4FFE9961957A0049010470" type="issue">
<mods:number id="938FC96B1D401E7A67392CAD44B54ACB">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="1FDEA13A4A2CAC68423FFCB96EAF8A43" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4A7A5A434D95D27BEB90EE8AFDFCF7DA">71</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1C8FDAC377565CF0242B838C0A87D2D9">80</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="B0FD479281F7E64D85902E5E460C2A02">
<mods:url id="6153DC50105375F64D6C29C8E2C63683">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.2.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="E3ECA2EB426B9F9E43D2C00200CA97B3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4A6635A71771D5401D3C84F3673851E0" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.395.2.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B6053FFF43646885C412E37502C1B1B5" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="05B4E3F3D6C4ABC9078DA2CA9F281D16" type="Zenodo-Dep">13718535</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="EC0187CAE53DFFD1BDBDFEA5FD446F62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13718547" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0187CAE53DFFD1BDBDFEA5FD446F62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC0187CAE53DFFD1BDBDFEA5FD446F62" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection id="2CB26557E53DFFD2BDBDFEA5FF4E6C82" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53DFFD2BDBDFEA5FBF16F9E" blockId="4.[136,1106,374,401]" box="[136,1106,374,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<heading id="3F5F81B0E53DFFD2BDBDFEA5FBF16F9E" box="[136,1106,374,401]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53DFFD2BDBDFEA5FDCD6F9E" authority="Ruwer, Ludwig" authorityName="Ruwer, Ludwig" box="[136,622,374,401]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BDBDFEA5FE1B6F9F" bold="true" box="[136,440,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Gomphonema mutunensis</emphasis>
Ruwer, Ludwig
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53DFFD2BFA7FEABFCAB6F9E" box="[658,776,376,401]" country="Mauritius" name="Rodrigues" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Rodrigues</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BE26FEABFCCB6F9E" box="[787,872,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53DFFD2BE26FEABFCCB6F9E" box="[787,872,376,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53DFFD2BE43FEABFC5B6F9E" box="[886,1016,376,401]" captionStart="FIGURE 32–47" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2026,2047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-145@4.[151,1437,770,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 32–47. Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718541/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Figs 32–47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53DFFD2B936FEABFBE96F9E" box="[1027,1098,376,401]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 48–51" captionStart-1="FIGURE 52–55" captionStartId-0="5.[136,229,1523,1544]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,229,1477,1498]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,209,1498]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1421,190,1452]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[151,1436,209,1498]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[165,1421,190,1452]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 48–51. Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. from type material, Mutum Island, SEM. 48-51. Internal and external view of valve, respectively. Scale bar = 10 μm. 50. Internal view of axial area. 51. External view of axial area showing the central stigma (arrow). Scale bar = 2 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 52–55. Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. from type material, Mutum Island, SEM. 52. Girgle view. Scale bar = 10 μm. 53. Aspect of striae and areola shape. Scale bar = 2 μm. 54. Footpole in external view showing the pore field (arrow). 55. Headpole in external view. Scale bar = 1 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718543" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718545" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13718543/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13718545/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">48–55</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53DFFD2BDBDFE4FFF4E6C82" blockId="4.[136,1452,412,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Frustule rectangular in lateral view. Valves lanceolate, headpole rostrate to sub-rostrate, sometimes apiculate, footpole attenuated-rounded. Length 22.5-47.9 μm, breadth 5.9-7.9 μm (n=30). Axial area linear. Central area unilateral, delimited by shorter striae. Stigma located at the end of central stria, rounded externally and elongated internally. Raphe straight with proximal ends nearly straight, not dilated, slightly bent to stigma side. Terminal ends of raphe curved. Striae uniseriate, radiate, more spaced at center. Areolae occasionally visible but usually difficult to resolve in LM, C-, S-, 3-shaped. Stria density
<quantity id="A3509B39E53DFFD2BF2BFD83FDDE6C66" box="[542,637,592,617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13-16 in</quantity>
10 μm, composed by 6-7 areolae in 2 μm. Bilobed pore field present at footpole.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="30D76654E53DFFD2BDBDF839FB3A69F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13718541" box="[136,1177,2026,2047]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718541/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" startId="4.[136,229,2026,2047]" targetBox="[151,1436,770,1941]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53DFFD2BDBDF839FB3A69F0" blockId="4.[136,1177,2026,2047]" box="[136,1177,2026,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BDBDF839FE8E69F0" bold="true" box="[136,301,2026,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 32–47.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BC06F839FDDE69F0" box="[307,637,2026,2047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53DFFD2BC06F839FD8F69F0" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[307,556,2026,2047]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis" status="sp. nov.">Gomphonema mutunensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53DFFD2BF07F839FDDE69F0" bold="true" box="[562,637,2026,2047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53DFFD2BF07F839FDDE69F0" box="[562,637,2026,2047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="30D76654E53CFFD3BDBDFA20FF5A685F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13718543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718543/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" startId="5.[136,229,1523,1544]" targetBox="[151,1436,209,1498]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53CFFD3BDBDFA20FF5A685F" blockId="5.[136,1452,1523,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BDBDFA20FE8E6807" bold="true" box="[136,301,1523,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 48–51.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BC06FA20FDDE6807" box="[307,637,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53CFFD3BC06FA20FD8F6807" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[307,556,1523,1544]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis" status="sp. nov.">Gomphonema mutunensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BF07FA20FDDE6807" bold="true" box="[562,637,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53CFFD3BF07FA20FDDE6807" box="[562,637,1523,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
from type material, Mutum Island, SEM. 48-51. Internal and external view of valve, respectively. Scale bar = 10 μm. 50. Internal view of axial area. 51. External view of axial area showing the central stigma (arrow). Scale bar = 2 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="2CB26557E53CFFD3BD88F953FAF768B2" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53CFFD3BD88F953FAF768B2" blockId="5.[136,1452,1664,2085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BD88F953FF5B6896" bold="true" box="[189,248,1664,1689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Type</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="1CBF764CE53CFFD3BC2FF953FE266896" box="[282,389,1664,1689]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53CFFD3BCA2F953FE4B6896" box="[407,488,1664,1689]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Paraná</collectingRegion>
: Porto Rico, Ilha Mutum, Upper
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53CFFD3BEB9F953FC7B6896" box="[908,984,1664,1689]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Paraná</collectingRegion>
River Floodplain, swamp, periphyton,
<geoCoordinate id="019C501BE53CFFD3BDBDF977FE9168B2" box="[136,306,1700,1725]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" precision="1" seconds="31.98" value="-22.758883">22°45’31.98”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="019C501BE53CFFD3BC0BF977FE5368B2" box="[318,496,1700,1725]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" precision="1" seconds="52.60" value="-53.297943">53°17’52.60”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="1016101CE53CFFD3BCCFF977FDD468B2" box="[506,631,1700,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" value="2016-04">April 2016</date>
,
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BFB7F977FCA168B2" box="[642,770,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
D.
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BFA9F977FD0D68B2" box="[668,686,1700,1725]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">T</collectionCode>
. Ruwer
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="BB13887EE53CFFD3BE25F977FCD768B2" box="[784,884,1700,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BE4EF977FC6968B2" box="[891,970,1700,1725]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78281, here illustrated in
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53CFFD3B9C1F977FAE468B2" box="[1268,1351,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 32–47" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2026,2047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-145@4.[151,1437,770,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 32–47. Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718541/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB26557E53CFFD3BD88F91BFB4868EE" box="[189,1259,1736,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53CFFD3BD88F91BFB4868EE" blockId="5.[136,1452,1664,2085]" box="[189,1259,1736,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BD88F91BFEEB68EE" bold="true" box="[189,328,1736,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet refers to the place ‘Mutum Island’ where species was found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB26557E53CFFD1BD88F93FFD446F62" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53CFFD3BD88F93FFC156942" blockId="5.[136,1452,1664,2085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BD88F93FFE11690A" bold="true" box="[189,434,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Material examined:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="D4C03C81E53CFFD3BCFAF93FFE646926" collectingDate="2016-04-12" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" location="Ilha Mutum" municipality="Porto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<collectingCountry id="1CBF764CE53CFFD3BCFAF93FFD94690A" box="[463,567,1772,1797]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53CFFD3BF7CF93FFD39690A" box="[585,666,1772,1797]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Paraná</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="8473ACA6E53CFFD3BF98F93FFC92690A" box="[685,817,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Porto Rico</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="61776007E53CFFD3BE71F93FFC76690A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0187CAE53DFFD1BDBDFEA5FD446F62:61776007E53CFFD3BE71F93FFC76690A" box="[836,981,1772,1797]" country="Brazil" municipality="Porto Rico" name="Ilha Mutum" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Parana">Ilha Mutum</location>
, periphyton,
<date id="1016101CE53CFFD3B94DF93FFB5E690A" box="[1144,1277,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" value="2016-04-12">
<collectingDate id="0052E9F4E53CFFD3B94DF93FFB5E690A" box="[1144,1277,1772,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" value="2016-04-12">12-IV-2016</collectingDate>
</date>
, Ruwer
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3B85EF93FFA0F690A" box="[1387,1452,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
(78280
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BDEDF8C3FE806926" box="[216,291,1808,1833]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
, 78281
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BC47F8C3FE1C6926" box="[370,447,1808,1833]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D4C03C81E53CFFD3BCFBF8C3FC106942" collectingDate="2012-02-27" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="1">
sediment,
<date id="1016101CE53CFFD3BF0BF8C3FD196926" box="[574,698,1808,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" value="2012-02-27">
<collectingDate id="0052E9F4E53CFFD3BF0BF8C3FD196926" box="[574,698,1808,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" value="2012-02-27">27-II-2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,Ruwer
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BE3AF8C3FCE76926" box="[783,836,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
(78283
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BEA3F8C3FC416926" box="[918,994,1808,1833]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
,78287
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3B904F8C3FBDF6926" box="[1073,1148,1808,1833]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
, 78291
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3B9FCF8C3FAB66926" box="[1225,1301,1808,1833]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
,78295
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3B857F8C3FA086926" box="[1378,1451,1808,1833]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
- 78298
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BDD5F8E7FE886942" box="[224,299,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
, 78300
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BC49F8E7FE666942" box="[380,453,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
- 78302
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BF11F8E7FDCD6942" box="[548,622,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
, 78304
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BFF4F8E7FCA86942" box="[705,779,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
, 78314
<collectionCode id="02B9AE19E53CFFD3BE6AF8E7FC086942" box="[863,939,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53CFFD3BD88F88BFB12662A" blockId="5.[136,1452,1664,2085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BD88F88BFDE7697E" box="[189,580,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53CFFD3BD88F88BFE41697E" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,482,1880,1905]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis" status="sp. nov.">Gomphonema mutunensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BCDEF884FDE7697E" bold="true" box="[491,580,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53CFFD3BCDEF884FDE7697E" box="[491,580,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="FC932A59E53CFFD3BF60F88BFD07697E" box="[597,676,1880,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 32–47" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2026,2047]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-145@4.[151,1437,770,1941]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 32–47. Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. LM. Valve view from type material. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718541/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Fig 40</figureCitation>
) is very similar to members of the
<typeStatus id="BB13887EE53CFFD3B90AF88BFBCC697E" box="[1087,1135,1880,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53CFFD3B9AFF88BFE7D699A" authority="(Kutzing) Kutzing (1849: 65)" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="parvulum">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3B9AFF88BFA08697E" box="[1178,1451,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Gomphonema parvulum</emphasis>
(Kützing) Kützing (1849: 65)
</taxonomicName>
and morphotypes from
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53CFFD3BFCDF8AFFC4B699A" author="Abarca, N. &amp; Jahn, R. &amp; Zimmermann, J. &amp; Enke, N." box="[760,1000,1916,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" refId="ref3222" refString="Abarca, N., Jahn, R., Zimmermann, J. &amp; Enke, N. (2014) Does the cosmopolitan diatom Gomphonema parvulum (Kutzing) Kutzing have a biogeography? PLoS ONE 9: e 86885. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0086885" type="journal volume" year="2014">
Abarca
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BE61F8AFFC33699A" box="[852,912,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
, by sharing the rostrate to sub-rostrate headpole (
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53CFFD3BDCBF873FE7469B6" author="Abarca, N. &amp; Jahn, R. &amp; Zimmermann, J. &amp; Enke, N." box="[254,471,1952,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" refId="ref3222" refString="Abarca, N., Jahn, R., Zimmermann, J. &amp; Enke, N. (2014) Does the cosmopolitan diatom Gomphonema parvulum (Kutzing) Kutzing have a biogeography? PLoS ONE 9: e 86885. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0086885" type="journal volume" year="2014">
Abarca
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BC6FF873FE3769B6" box="[346,404,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<tableCitation id="292A0367E53CFFD3BCDAF873FDEA69B6" box="[495,585,1952,1977]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,224,413,436]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological and metric data of Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. and similar species." pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Morphotypes from the
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53CFFD3BE5CF873FC5A69B6" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" box="[873,1017,1952,1977]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="parvulum">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3BE5CF873FC5A69B6" box="[873,1017,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">G. parvulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex differ mainly by the areolae and the stigma shapes, features better observed by electron microscopy (Kützing 1849,
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53CFFD3B957F817FAB269D2" author="Reichardt, E." box="[1122,1297,1988,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 203" refId="ref4567" refString="Reichardt, E. (1999) Zur Revision der Gattung Gomphonema. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica, vol. 8. Koeltz Scientific Books, pp. 1 - 203." type="book chapter" year="1999">Reichardt 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53CFFD3B82EF817FF66660E" author="Abarca, N. &amp; Jahn, R. &amp; Zimmermann, J. &amp; Enke, N." pageId="5" pageNumber="76" refId="ref3222" refString="Abarca, N., Jahn, R., Zimmermann, J. &amp; Enke, N. (2014) Does the cosmopolitan diatom Gomphonema parvulum (Kutzing) Kutzing have a biogeography? PLoS ONE 9: e 86885. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0086885" type="journal volume" year="2014">
Abarca
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53CFFD3B846F817FA0F69D2" box="[1395,1452,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Since light microscopy is often not enough to observe those frustule details, comparing similar taxa became difficult as some species have not had these features documented (
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53CFFD3BE5AF7DFFB06662A" author="Kociolek, J. P. &amp; Stoermer, E. F." box="[879,1189,2060,2085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref3950" refString="Kociolek, J. P. &amp; Stoermer, E. F. (1993) Freshwater gomphonemoid diatom phylogeny: Preliminary results. Hydrobiologia 269 / 270: 31 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00028001" type="journal article" year="1993">Kociolek &amp; Stoermer 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="30D76654E53FFFD0BDBDFA16FECF682D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13718545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13718545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13718545/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" startId="6.[136,229,1477,1498]" targetBox="[165,1421,190,1452]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="641736DCE53FFFD0BDBDFA16FECF682D" blockId="6.[136,1452,1477,1570]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BDBDFA16FE8C6BD5" bold="true" box="[136,303,1477,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 52–55.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BC02FA16FD266BD5" box="[311,645,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0BC02FA16FD926BD5" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[311,561,1477,1498]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis" status="sp. nov.">Gomphonema mutunensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BF0DFA16FD266BD5" bold="true" box="[568,645,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53FFFD0BF0DFA16FD266BD5" box="[568,645,1477,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
from type material, Mutum Island, SEM. 52. Girgle view. Scale bar = 10 μm. 53. Aspect of striae and areola shape. Scale bar = 2 μm. 54. Footpole in external view showing the pore field (arrow). 55. Headpole in external view. Scale bar = 1 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53FFFD0BD88F981FCF86968" blockId="6.[136,1452,1618,2075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53FFFD0BD88F981FE0D6864" author="Levkov, Z. &amp; Kopanja, D. &amp; Reichardt, E." box="[189,430,1618,1643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 552" refId="ref4144" refString="Levkov, Z., Mitic- Kopanja, D. &amp; Reichardt, E. (2016) Diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. The diatom genus Gomphonema in the Republic of Macedonia. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Koeltz Botanical Books, Oberreifenberg, pp. 1 - 552." type="book chapter" year="2016">
Levkov
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BC28F981FEFA6864" box="[285,345,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
illustrated
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0BF07F981FD606864" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1849" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" box="[562,707,1618,1643]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="parvulum">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BF07F981FD606864" box="[562,707,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">G. parvulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotype 2, which appears to be the most similar taxa to
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0B8A5F981FEA56880" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0B8A5F981FEA56880" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">G. mutunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differing by the shape of the footpole and the striae density (
<tableCitation id="292A0367E53FFFD0BEFAF9A5FB8B6880" box="[975,1064,1654,1679]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,224,413,436]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological and metric data of Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. and similar species." pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0B90AF9A5FE4C68BC" authority="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Reichardt (1996: 70)" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Reichardt" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1996" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="jadwigiae">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0B90AF9A5FAF06880" box="[1087,1363,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Gomphonema jadwigiae</emphasis>
Lange-Bertalot &amp; Reichardt (1996: 70)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0BF10F949FB2B68BC" authority="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Reichardt (2016: 70)" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Reichardt" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="2016" box="[549,1160,1690,1715]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="exilissimum">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BF10F949FD6868BC" box="[549,715,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">G. exilissimum</emphasis>
Lange-Bertalot &amp; Reichardt (2016: 70)
</taxonomicName>
also present similar valve dimensions to
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0BC04F96DFE7768D8" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[305,468,1726,1751]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BC04F96DFE7768D8" box="[305,468,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">G. mutunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0BCD0F96DFD2D68D8" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Reichardt" authorityYear="2016" box="[485,654,1726,1751]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="exilissimum">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BCD0F96DFD2D68D8" box="[485,654,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">G. exilissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is at the lower end of valve measurement ranges and less protracted rostrate headpoles.
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0BC51F931FE5668F4" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Reichardt" authorityYear="1996" box="[356,501,1762,1787]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="jadwigiae">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BC51F931FE5668F4" box="[356,501,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">G. jadwigiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in headpole morphology (shortly rostrate to apiculate, sometimes truncated) and the slit-shaped areolae (
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53FFFD0BC89F8D5FC956910" author="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[444,822,1798,1823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 390" refId="ref4073" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (1996) Indicators of oligotrophy - 800 taxa representative of three ecologically distinct lake types, Carbonate buffered - Oligodystrophic - Weakly buffered soft water. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica, vol. 2. Annotated Diatom Micrographs. Koeltz Scientific Books. Konigstein, Germany, pp. 1 - 390." type="book chapter" year="1996">Lange-Bertalot &amp; Metzeltin 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53FFFD0BE75F8D5FBB16910" author="Levkov, Z. &amp; Kopanja, D. &amp; Reichardt, E." box="[832,1042,1798,1823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 552" refId="ref4144" refString="Levkov, Z., Mitic- Kopanja, D. &amp; Reichardt, E. (2016) Diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. The diatom genus Gomphonema in the Republic of Macedonia. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Koeltz Botanical Books, Oberreifenberg, pp. 1 - 552." type="book chapter" year="2016">
Levkov
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BEAEF8D5FC706910" box="[923,979,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<tableCitation id="292A0367E53FFFD0B912F8D5FBDD6910" box="[1063,1150,1798,1823]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,224,413,436]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological and metric data of Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. and similar species." pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Therefore,
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0B839F8D5FF7E694C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0B839F8D5FA086910" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[1292,1451,1798,1823]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis" status="sp. nov.">G. mutunensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53FFFD0BDBDF8F9FF7E694C" box="[136,221,1834,1859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinguished among
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53FFFD0BCDEF8F9FD2B694C" box="[491,648,1834,1859]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BCDEF8F9FD2B694C" box="[491,648,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Gomphonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxa by headpole rostrate to sub-rostrate rounded, areolas with different shapes and external central raphe ending not drop-like (
<tableCitation id="292A0367E53FFFD0BFC3F89DFCED6968" box="[758,846,1870,1895]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,224,413,436]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological and metric data of Gomphonema mutunensis sp. nov. and similar species." pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641736DCE53FFFD1BD88F8A1FD446F62" blockId="6.[136,1452,1618,2075]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,160,365]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
Despite the large number of diatom records for
<collectingCountry id="1CBF764CE53FFFD0BFEDF8A1FCBF6984" box="[728,796,1906,1931]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and for Upper
<collectingRegion id="A66CF83EE53FFFD0BEFFF8A1FBB56984" box="[970,1046,1906,1931]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Paraná</collectingRegion>
River floodplain (almost more than 150 species,
<bibRefCitation id="00394B2DE53FFFD0BC2AF845FE5469A0" author="Dunck, B. &amp; Junqueira, M. G. &amp; Bichoff, A. &amp; da Silva, M. V. &amp; Pineda, A. &amp; de Paula, A. C. M. &amp; Zanco, B. F. &amp; Moresco, G. A. &amp; Iatskiu, P. &amp; Bortolini, J. C. &amp; de Souza, Y. R. &amp; Train, S. &amp; Rodrigues, L. C. &amp; Jati, S. &amp; Rodrigues, L." box="[287,503,1942,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" pagination="560 - 590" refId="ref3663" refString="Dunck, B., Junqueira, M. G., Bichoff, A. da Silva, M. V., Pineda, A., de Paula, A. C. M., Zanco, B. F., Moresco, G. A., Iatskiu, P., Bortolini, J. C., de Souza, Y. R., Train, S., Rodrigues, L. C., Jati, S. &amp; Rodrigues, L. (2018) Periphytic and planktonic algae records from the upper Parana river floodplain, Brazil: an update. Hoehnea 45 (4): 560 - 590. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2236 - 8906 - 03 / 2018" type="journal article" year="2018">
Dunck
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53FFFD0BC40F845FE1269A0" box="[373,433,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
), further taxonomic studies should be conducted in the floodplain system, due to the importance of this ecological system in the maintenance and conservation of local biodiversity, which has been threatened by man-made impacts. As also due to the large number of areas still taxonomically unexplored in the floodplain. The lack of taxonomic studies has led to the propagation of many errors in taxonomy and identification. Therefore, taxonomic studies contribute to the knowledge of the actual distribution of species, as well as the misidentified identification of species. Thus, we believe that
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53EFFD1BFAAFF17FC3D6ED2" box="[671,926,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53EFFD1BFAAFF17FCE36ED2" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[671,832,196,221]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis" status="sp. nov.">G. mutunensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53EFFD1BE7DFF17FC3D6ED2" box="[840,926,196,221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53EFFD1BEE3FF17FAB76ED2" box="[982,1300,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53EFFD1BEE3FF17FB156ED2" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[982,1206,196,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae" status="sp. nov.">A. hermes-moreirae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53EFFD1B98BFF17FAB76ED2" box="[1214,1300,196,221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
may have an even greater distribution. Through this work, we also emphasize the need for analysis of sedimentary samples for the contribution of diatom biodiversity. The peculiar features observed in
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53EFFD1BEAFFEDFFB766F2A" box="[922,1237,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53EFFD1BEAFFEDFFBDA6F2A" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[922,1145,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Actinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hermes-moreirae" status="sp. nov.">A. hermes-moreirae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53EFFD1B9B5FEDFFB766F2A" box="[1152,1237,268,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="56DCEACEE53EFFD1B83EFEDFFF7F6F46" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="A3A84D5FE53EFFD1B83EFEDFFA086F2A" authorityName="Ruwer &amp; Ludwig &amp; Rodrigues" authorityYear="2019" box="[1291,1451,268,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Gomphonemataceae" genus="Gomphonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mutunensis" status="sp. nov.">G. mutunensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DEF57B5E53EFFD1BDBDFEE3FF7F6F46" box="[136,220,304,329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, clearly distinguished the proposed species from other allied taxa. This show the great contribution of this work to the knowledge of the biodiversity of the floodplain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>