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<document id="35CCB1D72015C893738700F0160239E6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215354" ID-ZooBank="6026B7E0-F8E8-494D-A503-067B9EB3B476" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1744665275042" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sottile, Salvatore, Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. &amp; Cerasa, Giuliano" docDate="2025" docId="03BD2C7FFFCFFFE3FF45F8E519F61E7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5609.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5609 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus Hartig 1840" docType="key" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="474" masterDocId="FF845407FFDCFFF4FFD2FFE21C6A1A61" masterDocTitle="An integrative taxonomic approach to describe Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. and establish new synonymies in Andricus Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="478" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="470" updateTime="1744832105056" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="77FEF7D4F2996D3988C547183B3C7BB5">
<mods:title id="5D8859EB1AF71924EE45068079381AB0">An integrative taxonomic approach to describe Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. and establish new synonymies in Andricus Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EC289F48F993BC2B56E423E15E92EFF5">Sottile, Salvatore</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BC93F3FDC9D624543A8077CDBDABE431">Museo Civico di Lentate Sul Seveso, Via D. Aureggi 25, 20823 Lentate Sul Seveso, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5520D5307A5990AFDB6708A3C408AAE">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D59F0E6C8856BC8B50B51DFDEE61B4F6">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH 3 5 LR, United Kingdom &amp; Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FFFAA739C01283934D3D01EDDDBE2353">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B4420F24BD0E571F3B29F066A03A97B9">Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 FL, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1E5592E7303DF3DC82F424715B73F4BC">Cerasa, Giuliano</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BB95708D2C36795B1B4E23A457DEC494">Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bd. 5 A, 90128 Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="FBD5ACAD9C02C143068305D767E139C7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3F06D51E56A69486C23AC0836A923606">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5DC0B0DD356926F51840CC90D08524B9">5609</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A0208F21C447AC160030EFC44588F6B3">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8960DB912A8792667AFBE53B53E4E260">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03BD2C7FFFCFFFE3FF45F8E519F61E7C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFCFFFE3FF45F8E519F61E7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD2C7FFFCFFFE3FF45F8E519F61E7C" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFCFFFE7FF45F8E519361D24" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCFFFE7FF45F8E519361D24" blockId="19.[151,1436,1799,1861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<heading id="D0E32A05FFCFFFE7FF45F8E519361D24" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCFFFE7FF45F8E519361D24" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
Key to European sexual generation
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCFFFE7FD88F8E51EA31D43" ID-CoL="VTL" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[602,713,1799,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCFFFE7FD88F8E51EA31D43" bold="true" box="[602,713,1799,1826]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species inducing indistinguishable galls that at the end of development appear as a muddled agglomerate of deformed leaves on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCFFFE7FBD7F8C918061D24" box="[1029,1132,1835,1861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCFFFE7FBD7F8C918061D24" bold="true" box="[1029,1132,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCFFFE7FB03F8C919361D24" box="[1233,1372,1835,1861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cerris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oaks">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCFFFE7FB03F8C919761D24" bold="true" box="[1233,1308,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Cerris</emphasis>
oaks
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFCFFFE3FF45F89219F61E7C" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="19" pageNumber="470" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCFFFE7FF45F89219F61DE4" blockId="19.[151,1436,1904,2014]" box="[151,1436,1904,1926]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCFFFE7FF45F89219F61DE4" box="[151,1436,1904,1926]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">1. Females............................................................................................ 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCFFFE7FF45F86C19F61DC2" blockId="19.[151,1436,1904,2014]" box="[151,1436,1933,1955]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCFFFE7FF45F86C19F61DC2" box="[151,1436,1933,1955]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">- Males.............................................................................................. 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E085CCFFCFFFE7FF45F84919F61DBC" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCFFFE7FF45F84919F61DA1" blockId="19.[151,1436,1904,2014]" box="[151,1436,1963,1985]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCFFFE7FF45F84919F61DA1" box="[151,1436,1963,1985]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
2. Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae extremely short (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCFFFE7FCC3F8491F3D1DA0" box="[785,855,1963,1985]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
).............................................. 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCFFFE7FF45F82B19F61DBC" blockId="19.[151,1436,1904,2014]" box="[151,1436,1992,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCFFFE7FF45F82B19F61DBC" box="[151,1436,1992,2014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="470">- Fore wing distal fringe of marginal setae long.............................................................. 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<caption id="DF6BCDE1FFC8FFE0FF45F897185E1D98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" startId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFC8FFE0FF45F897185E1D98" blockId="20.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFC8FFE0FF45F8971D3C1DEC" bold="true" box="[151,342,1909,1933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">FIGURES 44–54.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFC8FFE0FE8FF8971EE61DEC" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[349,652,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFC8FFE0FE8FF8971EE61DEC" box="[349,652,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Andricus pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B960417BFFC8FFE0FD46F8971E8C1DEC" bold="true" box="[660,742,1909,1933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFC8FFE0FD46F8971E8C1DEC" box="[660,742,1909,1933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6BCDE1FFC9FFE1FF45F8971DF41D98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" startId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFC9FFE1FF45F8971DF41D98" blockId="21.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFC9FFE1FF45F8971D321DEC" bold="true" box="[151,344,1909,1933]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">FIGURES 55–65.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFC9FFE1FEB3F8971EF81DEC" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[353,658,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFC9FFE1FEB3F8971EF81DEC" box="[353,658,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Andricus pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFC9FFE1FD4EF8971E851DEC" bold="true" box="[668,751,1909,1933]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFC9FFE1FD4EF8971E851DEC" box="[668,751,1909,1933]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6BCDE1FFCAFFE2FF45F87518931D99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" startId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCAFFE2FF45F87518931D99" blockId="22.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCAFFE2FF45F8751D321DCE" bold="true" box="[151,344,1943,1967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">FIGURES 66–76.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCAFFE2FEB2F87A1EFB1DD1" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[352,657,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCAFFE2FEB2F87A1EFB1DD1" box="[352,657,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">Andricus pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCAFFE2FD49F87A1E851DD1" bold="true" box="[667,751,1944,1968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFCAFFE2FD49F87A1E851DD1" box="[667,751,1944,1968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="473" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<keyStep id="30E085CCFFCBFFE3FF45FF7A19F61B43" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FF7A19F61AAB" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FF7A19F61AAB" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
3. Mesoscutellum posteriorly rounded or truncated but not pointed, moderately rugose sculpturing evenly distributed across the surface; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium slender, 5.3–5.7 times as long as broad in ventral view
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FAC2FF5719EE1AAB" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[1296,1412,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FAC2FF5719EE1AAB" bold="true" box="[1296,1412,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFCBFFE3FA58FF5719F61AAB" box="[1418,1436,181,202]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FF3119F61B43" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FF3119F61B43" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
- Mesoscutellum ending in a point and not rounded posteriorly, strongly rugose especially near the margins and posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCBFFE3FAA7FF301C971B64" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
); prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 3.5–4.5 times as long as broad in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCBFFE3FB4FFF0D19611B64" box="[1181,1291,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs 61, 65</figureCitation>
)...................................................................................
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FB9DFEEF19EE1B43" bold="true" box="[1103,1412,268,290]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FB9DFEEF19581B43" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[1103,1330,268,290]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FB9DFEEF19581B43" bold="true" box="[1103,1330,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFCBFFE3FAEAFEEF19EE1B43" box="[1336,1412,269,290]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFCBFFE3FA58FEEF19F61B43" box="[1418,1436,269,290]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="30E085CCFFCBFFE3FF45FEC819F6186C" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FEC819F61BF9" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FEC819F61BF9" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
4. Body color mostly dark brown to black; frons, vertex and occiput reticulate; striae on mesopleuron present and very marked; mesoscutellum as long as broad, uniformly strongly areolate-rugose with distinct mainly longitudinal sharp rugae and with emarginate posterior margin; scutellar foveae subtriangular and well-delimited posteriorly; mesoscutum deeply colliculate..............................................................................
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FBA4FE6019EE1BF9" bold="true" box="[1142,1412,386,408]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FBA4FE6018871BF9" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1142,1261,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FBA4FE6018871BF9" bold="true" box="[1142,1261,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. conificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FADAFE6019161BF9" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1288,1404,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cydoniae">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FADAFE6019161BF9" bold="true" box="[1288,1404,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. cydoniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFCBFFE3FA58FE6119F61BF9" box="[1418,1436,387,408]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FE4219F6186C" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FE4219F6186C" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
- Body color mostly reddish yellow; frons, vertex, and occiput uniformly coriaceous (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCBFFE3FBD4FE7D181C1BD4" box="[1030,1142,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 25, specimens on a micropin with label; 26, habitus; 27, forewing; 28, head (frontal view); 29, head and mesosoma (dorsal view); 30, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 31, hypopygium (lateral view); 32, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215362/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs 28, 29</figureCitation>
); mesopleuron without or with only very indistinct striae (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCBFFE3FE36FE5F1E3E1BB3" box="[484,596,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 25, specimens on a micropin with label; 26, habitus; 27, forewing; 28, head (frontal view); 29, head and mesosoma (dorsal view); 30, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 31, hypopygium (lateral view); 32, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215362/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs 26, 30</figureCitation>
); mesoscutellum broader than long, reticulate rugose around its limits, more delicate in the central part of disk with unemarginated posterior margin; scutellar foveae subrectangular and not or very slightly delimited posteriorly, mesoscutum shallowly colliculate (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCBFFE3FD74FE151E8D186C" box="[678,743,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 25, specimens on a micropin with label; 26, habitus; 27, forewing; 28, head (frontal view); 29, head and mesosoma (dorsal view); 30, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 31, hypopygium (lateral view); 32, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215362/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig 29</figureCitation>
)...........................
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FBE5FE1519EE186C" bold="true" box="[1079,1412,503,525]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FBE5FE1518A9186C" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1079,1219,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FBE5FE1518A9186C" bold="true" box="[1079,1219,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FB0DFE151916186C" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1247,1404,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FB0DFE151916186C" bold="true" box="[1247,1404,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFCBFFE3FA58FE1A19F6186C" box="[1418,1436,504,525]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E085CCFFCBFFE3FF45FDF719F61804" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FDF719F61829" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FDF719F61829" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
5. Frons, vertex, and occiput uniformly coriaceous (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCBFFE3FD69FDF71F41184A" box="[699,811,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–41" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 33–41. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual male, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 33, habitus; 34–36, head (frontal, ventral and dorsal views); 37, mesopleuron (lateral view); 38, mesosoma and metasoma (dorsal view); 39, proximal antennal segments; 40, details of mesoscutal sculpture (dorsal view); 41, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215364/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs 34, 36</figureCitation>
); mesopleuron without or with only very indistinct striae............................................................................
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FBE5FDD019EE1829" bold="true" box="[1079,1412,562,584]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FBE5FDD018A91829" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1079,1219,562,584]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FBE5FDD018A91829" bold="true" box="[1079,1219,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FB0DFDD019161829" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1247,1404,562,584]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FB0DFDD019161829" bold="true" box="[1247,1404,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFCBFFE3FA58FDD119F61829" box="[1418,1436,563,584]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FDB219F61804" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FDB219F61804" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">- Frons, vertex and occiput reticulate; striae on mesopleuron present and very marked................................ 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E085CCFFCBFFE3FF45FD8F19F61974" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FD8F19F618DC" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FD8F19F618DC" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
6. Body color mostly dark brown to black; mesoscutum deeply colliculate; notauli complete, deep and well-impressed along whole length, not significantly widened and not excessively converging posteriorly, internotauli distance at posterior margin of mesoscutum is 2 times the width of one notaulus at the same point.......................
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FBA4FD4519EE18DC" bold="true" box="[1142,1412,679,701]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FBA4FD45188718DC" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1142,1261,679,701]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FBA4FD45188718DC" bold="true" box="[1142,1261,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. conificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FADAFD45191618DC" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1288,1404,679,701]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cydoniae">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FADAFD45191618DC" bold="true" box="[1288,1404,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. cydoniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFCBFFE3FA58FD4A19F618DC" box="[1418,1436,680,701]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FD2719F61974" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FD2719F61974" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">- Body predominantly reddish-yellow to amber-colored; mesoscutum not colliculate, delicately to strongly reticulate; notauli complete, deep and well-impressed along whole length, very wide and converging at the posterior end, internotauli distance at posterior margin of mesoscutum is 1.5–1.6 times the width of one notaulus at the same point......................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E085CCFFCBFFE3FF45FCFF19F61E7C" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FCFF19F619EB" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FCFF19F619EB" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
7. POL approximately 1.5 times the length of OOL; OOL around 1.9 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye nearly 1.5 times the distance between toruli; mesoscutum strongly reticulate across the entire surface, around 1.7 times as long as the mesoscutellum; internotauli width near posterior margin of mesoscutum approximately 1.7 times the width of one notaulus at the same point..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FAC2FC9719EE19EB" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[1296,1412,885,906]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FAC2FC9719EE19EB" bold="true" box="[1296,1412,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFCBFFE3FA58FC9719F619EB" box="[1418,1436,885,906]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCBFFE3FF45FC7119F61E7C" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<keyLead id="30E53E5CFFCBFFE3FF45FC7119F61E7C" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
- POL approximately 1.7 times as long as OOL; OOL approximately 2.2 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.1 times as long as LOL; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye nearly 3.0 times the distance between toruli (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCBFFE3FACDFC4D19FB19A4" box="[1311,1425,943,965]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Figs 66, 68</figureCitation>
); mesoscutum shallowly reticulate between notali, more weakly reticulate in the remaining parts, around 1.5 times as long as the mesoscutellum; internotauli width near posterior margin of mesoscutum approximately 1.6 times the width of one notaulus at the same point (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCBFFE3FEA8FBE51DD11E7C" box="[378,443,1031,1053]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">Fig 71</figureCitation>
).....................................................
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FB9DFBE519EE1E7C" bold="true" box="[1103,1412,1031,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCBFFE3FB9DFBE519581E7C" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[1103,1330,1031,1053]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCBFFE3FB9DFBE519581E7C" bold="true" box="[1103,1330,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="474">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFCBFFE3FAEAFBEA19EE1E7C" box="[1336,1412,1032,1053]" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFCBFFE3FA58FBEA19F61E7C" box="[1418,1436,1032,1053]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="474" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</keyLead>
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<mods:title id="492F3EB8E750099F11484398F3B17C16">An integrative taxonomic approach to describe Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. and establish new synonymies in Andricus Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3E60A3E23731684BB7F246D7C4C76EC2">Sottile, Salvatore</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B290AEF405BAAEDE699AF40F3E5DB826">Museo Civico di Lentate Sul Seveso, Via D. Aureggi 25, 20823 Lentate Sul Seveso, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="93A0395368759CC28FA29BFD8FC07113">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="27FDC8508CA5FDCA1B080F54ED9A9864">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH 3 5 LR, United Kingdom &amp; Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C0DA22422CDD29C77AE780478E6D8DA9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C67E4C559F5250291CABBC86D9503AB2">
<mods:roleTerm id="6CD31013582CB3C376B787859357911B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B7ECD7C9D9D480E9F617BF2D678EDCC3">Cerasa, Giuliano</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5F94CFE5D6EF9FE11D52BDC4B884D511">Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bd. 5 A, 90128 Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E8910E6D2D10EB0CD05CD0AF30A4363D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="43136B378F8E716BBA68E8B33CA831DB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="0A5EC1B873651B0167D6B03EFC0AB89B">
<mods:title id="3FEFD68D552887B3108E8963FFAA169A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A2958411C257AC86796EB29343177ACB">
<mods:date id="904D229FA7AA867FC5AEF63B2934C933">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B7D75A54462A356E8B5BD6D1E926871D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="BD51AD6ED91FF46B004F1E02C4BBC774">2025-03-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5B5213A86732B0DD9F4112F795C6BCE2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7847F01F7149743C36D060FCBC12FE70">5609</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1E1984AB31F46FF9EEB8E4E839F19ABE" type="issue">
<mods:number id="405FC6B5E8803E2E71792D1DD983CD0D">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C39622F23AFFD50D13337506894186B4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="46234E9512D1BE2C80794A51BA6406C4">451</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C22DBDD777915E1F3A51D766702C68E0">478</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="3D7CB8E6D4627C05E6C303D0DB366B9B">
<mods:url id="62F651A5C3FFC3FB4788388FD044ADE6">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="0F67ADC1F81BB2907AD39B9126474A4D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="91A6320F10DD32B4043F02D10B7A061C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5609.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9C4D1D3541933AC3FE55B4C8ADDA41A9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AD9209036FECE096BF4549382765765B" type="Zenodo-Dep">15215354</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FFF89B201342AFC72DB0A2817ACB5624" type="ZooBank">6026B7E0-F8E8-494D-A503-067B9EB3B476</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFD5FFFDFF45FA0C1FDC1C68" box="[151,950,1518,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFDFF45FA0C1FDC1C68" blockId="9.[151,950,1518,1581]" box="[151,950,1518,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<heading id="D0E32A05FFD5FFFDFF45FA0C1FDC1C68" bold="true" box="[151,950,1518,1545]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF45FA0C1FDC1C68" bold="true" box="[151,950,1518,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFF45FA0C1F261C69" authority="Sottile, Nicholls &amp; Cerasa" authorityName="Sottile, Nicholls &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,844,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF45FA0C1E6A1C68" bold="true" box="[151,512,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
Sottile, Nicholls &amp; Cerasa
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD5FFFDFC8BFA0D1FDC1C68" box="[857,950,1519,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFD5FFFDFF45F9F11DC81C4C" box="[151,418,1554,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFDFF45F9F11DC81C4C" blockId="9.[151,950,1518,1581]" box="[151,418,1554,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD5FFFDFF45F9F11C911C4C" box="[151,251,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. 1, 2, Young asexual gall of Andricus truncicolus in two successive growth phases and 3, sexual gall of the same species; 4, 5, young asexual gall of Andricus conificus in two successive growth phases and 6, sexual gall of the same species;7–9, general appearance and dissection of sexual galls of Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215356/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD5FFFDFED5F9F01D3B1C4C" box="[263,337,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–15" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 10–15. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. 10–11, general appearance of gregarious developing galls and their dissection showing the larval chambers; 12–13, dorsal and lateral views of a single gall; 14–15, habitus of sexual adults (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215358/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">10–15</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD5FFFDFE8EF9F11DC81C4C" box="[348,418,1555,1581]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 44–54" captionStart-1="FIGURES 55–65" captionStart-2="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId-0="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId-2="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionText-0="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." captionText-2="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">44–76</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFD5FFFEFF45F9B91F011B94" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFDFF45F9B919461CDC" blockId="9.[151,1437,1626,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF45F9B91D2C1C15" bold="true" box="[151,326,1626,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD5FFFDFE9CF9B919461CDC" collectingDate="2024-04-20" collectingDateMax="2024-05-08" collectingDateMin="2024-04-20" collectionCode="MSNG, PC" collectorName="S. Sottile" country="Italy" elevation="440" latitude="44.790165" location="Vernasca" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.786095" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54AF23CBFFD5FFFDFE9CF9B91D881C14" box="[334,482,1627,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD5FFFDFE38F9B91E671C14" box="[490,525,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
&amp;
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD5FFFDFDE1F9B91E3C1C14" box="[563,598,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFD2BF9B91F241C14" box="[761,846,1627,1653]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">MSNG</collectionCode>
), card-mounted.
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFBDFF9B918341C14" box="[1037,1118,1627,1653]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFD5FFFDFBBBF9B919411C14" box="[1129,1323,1627,1653]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Emilia-Romagna</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFAE5F9B919F61C14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4:8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFAE5F9B919F61C14" box="[1335,1436,1627,1653]" country="Italy" latitude="44.790165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.786095" name="Vernasca" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">Vernasca</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFF4DF99D1CAC1CF8" box="[159,198,1663,1689]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15359" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Non-vascular Plants and Fungi" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="Herbarium">PC</collectionCode>
), ex galls
<collectedFrom id="3808DE94FFD5FFFDFEEFF99D1E601CF9" box="[317,522,1663,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFEB0F99D1E601CF9" box="[354,522,1663,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFEB0F99D1E601CF9" box="[354,522,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFDC8F99D1EF31CF8" box="[538,665,1663,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFDC8F99D1EF31CF8" box="[538,665,1663,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-04-20">20.IV.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD5FFFDFD74F99D1F4A1CF8" box="[678,800,1663,1689]" degrees="44.790164" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" precision="1" value="44.790165">44.790164</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD5FFFDFCFFF99C1FF31CF8" box="[813,921,1662,1689]" degrees="9.786095" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" precision="1" value="9.786095">9.786095</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD5FFFDFC74F99D1F9B1CF8" box="[934,1009,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="440.0">
<elevation id="00397A5AFFD5FFFDFC74F99D1F9B1CF8" box="[934,1009,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFBBAF99D18A61CF8" box="[1128,1228,1663,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-05-08">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFBBAF99D18A61CF8" box="[1128,1228,1663,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-05-08">8.V.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
(samples N.5280, N.5300),
<collectorName id="26E1F8BFFFD5FFFDFED0F9411D021CDC" box="[258,360,1699,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">S. Sottile</collectorName>
leg. “
<typeStatus id="54AF23CBFFD5FFFDFE7BF9411E7E1CDC" box="[425,532,1699,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFDC9F9411F031CDC" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[539,873,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFDC9F9411F031CDC" box="[539,873,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFCA2F9411FC51CDC" bold="true" box="[880,943,1699,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD5FFFDFCA2F9411FC51CDC" box="[880,943,1699,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Sottile, Nicholls et Cerasa” (red).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFDFF15F92518541D2C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1626,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD5FFFDFF15F925181A1D48" collectedFrom="on Quercus cerris" collectingDate="2024-04-20" collectingDateMax="2024-05-12" collectingDateMin="2024-04-20" collectionCode="MSNG, MCLSS, GCPC, SSPC" country="Italy" elevation="440" latitude="44.790165" location="Vernasca" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.786095" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" specimenCode="5281-N.5298" specimenCount="58" specimenCount-male="58" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54AF23CBFFD5FFFDFF15F9251D081C80" box="[199,354,1735,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
with white label “Paratype
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFD7FF9251F951C80" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[685,1023,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFD7FF9251F951C80" box="[685,1023,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFBD8F92518271C80" bold="true" box="[1034,1101,1735,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD5FFFDFBD8F92518271C80" box="[1034,1101,1735,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Sottile, Nicholls et Cerasa”:
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD5FFFDFF45F9081CA61D64" box="[151,204,1770,1797]" count="58" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="male">58♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFF0AF9091D431D64" box="[216,297,1771,1797]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFD5FFFDFEE6F9091D9C1D64" box="[308,502,1771,1797]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Emilia-Romagna</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFDD3F9091E0C1D64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4:8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFDD3F9091E0C1D64" box="[513,614,1771,1797]" country="Italy" latitude="44.790165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.786095" name="Vernasca" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">Vernasca</location>
(PC), ex galls
<collectedFrom id="3808DE94FFD5FFFDFCC2F9091FB11D65" box="[784,987,1771,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFCE6F9091FB11D65" box="[820,987,1771,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFCE6F9091FB11D65" box="[820,987,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFC38F90918031D64" box="[1002,1129,1771,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFC38F90918031D64" box="[1002,1129,1771,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-04-20">20.IV.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD5FFFDFBA7F90918851D64" box="[1141,1263,1771,1797]" degrees="44.790164" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" precision="1" value="44.790165">44.790164</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD5FFFDFB28F908190C1D64" box="[1274,1382,1770,1797]" degrees="9.786095" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" precision="1" value="9.786095">9.786095</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD5FFFDFAA0F9091CC51D48" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="440.0">
<elevation id="00397A5AFFD5FFFDFAA0F9091CC51D48" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFEF7F8ED1DDF1D48" box="[293,437,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-05-03" valueMax="2024-05-12" valueMin="2024-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFEF7F8ED1DDF1D48" box="[293,437,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-05-03" valueMax="2024-05-12" valueMin="2024-05-03">3–12.V.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
, (samples N.
<specimenCode id="DBB23512FFD5FFFDFD95F8EC1E8E1D48" box="[583,740,1806,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">5281–N.5298</specimenCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFD2EF8ED1F3B1D48" box="[764,849,1807,1833]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">MSNG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFC8CF8ED1FD71D48" box="[862,957,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">MCLSS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFC1BF8ED187F1D48" box="[969,1045,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">GCPC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFBF0F8ED18021D48" box="[1058,1128,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">SSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD5FFFDFBAFF8ED18501D2C" collectingDate="2024-05-03" collectingDateMax="2024-05-14" collectingDateMin="2024-05-03" collectionCode="MSNG, MCLSS, GCPC, SSPC" country="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" specimenCode="N.5299-N.5307" specimenCount="27" specimenCount-female="27" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD5FFFDFBAFF8ED18DB1D48" box="[1149,1201,1807,1833]" count="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="female">27♀</specimenCount>
: with same label but emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFF2CF8D11DE61D2C" box="[254,396,1843,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-05-03" valueMax="2024-05-14" valueMin="2024-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFF2CF8D11DE61D2C" box="[254,396,1843,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2024-05-03" valueMax="2024-05-14" valueMin="2024-05-03">3–14.V.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
(samples
<specimenCode id="DBB23512FFD5FFFDFE2CF8D01EDF1D2C" box="[510,693,1842,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">N.5299–N.5307</specimenCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFD19F8D11F4A1D2C" box="[715,800,1843,1869]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">MSNG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFCF9F8D11FE01D2C" box="[811,906,1843,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">MCLSS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFC47F8D11F8B1D2C" box="[917,993,1843,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">GCPC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFC3EF8D118581D2C" box="[1004,1074,1843,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">SSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFEFF15F8B418AD1AB4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1626,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF15F8B41E151D11" bold="true" box="[199,639,1878,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Material used for molecular analysis.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD5FFFDFD57F8B5180D1D10" box="[645,1127,1879,1905]" collectionCode="PC" country="Italy" location="Alseno" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD5FFFDFD57F8B51EC31D10" box="[645,681,1879,1905]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFD64F8B51F6D1D10" box="[694,775,1879,1905]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFD5FFFDFCC2F8B51FB81D10" box="[784,978,1879,1905]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Emilia-Romagna</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFC09F8B518401D10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4:8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFC09F8B518401D10" box="[987,1066,1879,1905]" country="Italy" name="Alseno" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">Alseno</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFBEAF8B518351D10" box="[1080,1119,1879,1905]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15359" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Non-vascular Plants and Fungi" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="Herbarium">PC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, ex galls on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFB22F8B519FF1D11" box="[1264,1429,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFB22F8B519FF1D11" box="[1264,1429,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFF45F8991C951DF4" box="[151,255,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2018-05-06">6.V.2018</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD5FFFDFED9F8981DEF1DF4" box="[267,389,1914,1941]" degrees="44.852526" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" precision="1" value="44.852528">44.852526</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD5FFFDFE43F8981D971DF4" box="[401,509,1914,1941]" degrees="9.952569" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" precision="1" value="9.952569">9.952569</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD5FFFDFDDBF8991E391DF4" box="[521,595,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFD15F8991F501DF4" box="[711,826,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2018-05-10">10.V.2018</date>
(sample N.3503-B);
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD5FFFDFBF9F89918BF1DD8" collectingDate="2001-05-21" collectingDateMax="2001-05-28" collectingDateMin="2001-05-21" collectionCode="GSPC" country="Hungary" location="Andmul" municipality="Matrafured" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD5FFFDFBF9F899183A1DF4" box="[1067,1104,1915,1941]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFB8FF89918801DF4" box="[1117,1258,1915,1941]" name="Hungary" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">HUNGARY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCF0713FFD5FFFDFB27F899191C1DF4" box="[1269,1398,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Matrafured</collectingMunicipality>
, ex galls collected
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFEE8F87D1DC61DD8" box="[314,428,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2001-05-21">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFEE8F87D1DC61DD8" box="[314,428,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2001-05-21">21.V.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectedFrom id="3808DE94FFD5FFFDFE62F87D1E5B1DD9" box="[432,561,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFE03F87D1E5B1DD9" box="[465,561,1951,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFE03F87D1E5B1DD9" box="[465,561,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFD73F87D1F7F1DD8" box="[673,789,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2001-05-28">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFD73F87D1F7F1DD8" box="[673,789,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2001-05-28">28.V.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, labels HP14477 and
<location id="8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFC2FF87D18301DD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4:8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFC2FF87D18301DD8" box="[1021,1114,1951,1977]" country="Hungary" municipality="Matrafured" name="Andmul" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andmul</location>
20 (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFB53F87D18A71DD8" box="[1153,1229,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">GSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD5FFFDFB0CF87D19F21DBC" collectingDate="2001-05-11" collectingDateMax="2001-06-05" collectingDateMin="2001-05-11" collectionCode="GSPC" country="Hungary" location="Andmul" municipality="Matrafured" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD5FFFDFB0CF87D19681DD8" box="[1246,1282,1951,1977]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFADFF87D19F01DD8" box="[1293,1434,1951,1977]" name="Hungary" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">HUNGARY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCF0713FFD5FFFDFF45F8211D721DBC" box="[151,280,1987,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Matrafured</collectingMunicipality>
, ex galls collected
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFE38F8211E361DBC" box="[490,604,1987,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2001-05-11">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFE38F8211E361DBC" box="[490,604,1987,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2001-05-11">11.V.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectedFrom id="3808DE94FFD5FFFDFDB3F8211E8C1DBD" box="[609,742,1987,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFD56F8211E8C1DBD" box="[644,742,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFD56F8211E8C1DBD" box="[644,742,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD5FFFDFC88F8201FA41DBC" box="[858,974,1986,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2001-06-05">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD5FFFDFC88F8201FA41DBC" box="[858,974,1986,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" value="2001-06-05">5.VI.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, labels HP12932 and
<location id="8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFB6CF82119761DBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4:8ECBCBB2FFD5FFFDFB6CF82119761DBC" box="[1214,1308,1987,2013]" country="Hungary" municipality="Matrafured" name="Andmul" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andmul</location>
38 (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD5FFFDFA96F82119FA1DBC" box="[1348,1424,1987,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">GSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFF45FF7518041AD0" box="[151,1134,151,177]" collectionCode="GSPC" country="Italy" location="Andmul" municipality="Andmul" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD6FFFEFF45FF751CD41AD0" box="[151,190,151,177]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD6FFFEFF1EFF751D711AD0" box="[204,283,151,177]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">ITALY</collectingCountry>
, ex galls collected
<collectedFrom id="3808DE94FFD6FFFEFE2BFF751EEE1AD1" box="[505,644,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFDCCFF751EEE1AD1" box="[542,644,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFDCCFF751EEE1AD1" box="[542,644,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, labels
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCF0713FFD6FFFEFD0DFF751F511AD0" box="[735,827,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Andmul</collectingMunicipality>
70 and
<location id="8ECBCBB2FFD6FFFEFC43FF751F851AD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4:8ECBCBB2FFD6FFFEFC43FF751F851AD0" box="[913,1007,151,177]" country="Italy" municipality="Andmul" name="Andmul" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Andmul</location>
71 (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFBC8FF75180C1AD0" box="[1050,1126,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">GSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. All material used for this molecular work was also confirmed as
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFD9CFF591F251AB4" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[590,847,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFD9CFF591F251AB4" box="[590,847,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFC87FF591FC51AB4" bold="true" box="[853,943,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD6FFFEFC87FF591FC51AB4" box="[853,943,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
using adult morphology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD6FFFEFF15FF3C1F011B94" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFF15FF3C1E571A99" bold="true" box="[199,573,222,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFD9AFF3D18271A98" box="[584,1101,223,249]" collectionCode="PC" country="Italy" location="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="14" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD6FFFEFD9AFF3D1E161A98" box="[584,636,223,249]" count="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="female">14♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD6FFFEFD5EFF3D1EB71A98" box="[652,733,223,249]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFD6FFFEFD39FF3D1FC71A98" box="[747,941,223,249]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Emilia-Romagna</collectingRegion>
, Alseno (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFBCCFF3D182F1A98" box="[1054,1093,223,249]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15359" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Non-vascular Plants and Fungi" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="Herbarium">PC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFB8FFF3D1DCF1B20" collectingDate="2018-05-06" collectingDateMax="2018-05-10" collectingDateMin="2018-05-06" collectionCode="MSNG, MCLSS, GCPC, SSPC" collectorName="S. Sottile" country="Italy" elevation="180" latitude="44.852528" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.952569" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">
ex galls
<collectedFrom id="3808DE94FFD6FFFEFB11FF3D19FF1A99" box="[1219,1429,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFB39FF3D19FF1A99" box="[1259,1429,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFB39FF3D19FF1A99" box="[1259,1429,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD6FFFEFF45FEE11C951B7C" box="[151,255,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2018-05-06">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD6FFFEFF45FEE11C951B7C" box="[151,255,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2018-05-06">6.V.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD6FFFEFED9FEE01DEF1B7C" box="[267,389,258,285]" degrees="44.852526" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" value="44.852528">44.852526</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD6FFFEFE43FEE01D971B7C" box="[401,509,258,285]" degrees="9.952569" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" value="9.952569">9.952569</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD6FFFEFDD8FEE11E3E1B7C" box="[522,596,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="180.0">
<elevation id="00397A5AFFD6FFFEFDD8FEE11E3E1B7C" box="[522,596,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD6FFFEFD1BFEE11F321B7C" box="[713,856,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2018-05-08" valueMax="2018-05-10" valueMin="2018-05-08">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD6FFFEFD1BFEE11F321B7C" box="[713,856,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2018-05-08" valueMax="2018-05-10" valueMin="2018-05-08">8–10.V.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
(samples N.3499–N.3504),
<collectorName id="26E1F8BFFFD6FFFEFB4BFEE1196B1B7C" box="[1177,1281,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">S. Sottile</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFA91FEE119F21B7C" box="[1347,1432,259,285]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MSNG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFF45FEC51C9C1B20" box="[151,246,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MCLSS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFED3FEC51D271B20" box="[257,333,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">GCPC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFE85FEC51DF71B20" box="[343,413,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">SSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFE62FEC51C841B04" collectionCode="SSPC" country="Italy" location="Hoyer's" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD6FFFEFE62FEC51DBD1B20" box="[432,471,295,321]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
: with same label but mounted in
<location id="8ECBCBB2FFD6FFFEFC94FEC51FCA1B20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFD5FFE5FF45FA0C1D141EA4:8ECBCBB2FFD6FFFEFC94FEC51FCA1B20" box="[838,928,295,321]" country="Italy" name="Hoyer's" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">Hoyer’s</location>
medium on microscope slides (V.360, V.361) (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFF4DFEA91C8C1B04" box="[159,230,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">SSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFF2CFEA919F21B04" box="[254,1432,330,357]" collectingDate="2021-05-15" collectingDateMax="2021-05-20" collectingDateMin="2021-05-15" collectionCode="SSPC" country="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD6FFFEFF2CFEA91D4E1B04" box="[254,292,331,357]" count="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
: with same label but collected
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD6FFFEFD45FEA81F661B04" box="[663,780,330,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2021-05-15">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD6FFFEFD45FEA81F661B04" box="[663,780,330,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2021-05-15">15.V.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD6FFFEFC55FEA91F901B04" box="[903,1018,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2021-05-20">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD6FFFEFC55FEA91F901B04" box="[903,1018,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2021-05-20">20.V.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
(samples N.4274, N.4275) (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFA9AFEA919E51B04" box="[1352,1423,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">SSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFF45FE8D1E4F1BE8" box="[151,549,367,393]" collectionCode="FI" country="Italy" location="Toscana" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="18" specimenCount-female="18" stateProvince="Toscana">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD6FFFEFF45FE8D1CA61BE8" box="[151,204,367,393]" count="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="female">18♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD6FFFEFF0AFE8D1D431BE8" box="[216,297,367,393]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFD6FFFEFEE1FE8D1DFB1BE8" box="[307,401,367,393]" country="Italy" name="Toscana" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Toscana</collectingRegion>
, Empoli (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFE2DFE8D1E761BE8" box="[511,540,367,393]" country="Italy" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="Herbarium">FI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFDE3FE8D18F01BCC" collectingDate="2023-05-02" collectingDateMax="2023-05-08" collectingDateMin="2023-05-02" collectionCode="SSPC, MSNG, MCLSS" collectorName="Fabrizio Mujica" country="Italy" elevation="120" latitude="43.70144" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="10.937414" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toscana">
ex galls
<collectedFrom id="3808DE94FFD6FFFEFD5DFE8D1F331BE9" box="[655,857,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFD61FE8D1F331BE9" box="[691,857,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFD61FE8D1F331BE9" box="[691,857,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD6FFFEFCBAFE8D1FA51BE8" box="[872,975,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2023-05-02">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD6FFFEFCBAFE8D1FA51BE8" box="[872,975,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2023-05-02">2.V.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD6FFFEFC09FE8D183F1BE8" box="[987,1109,367,393]" degrees="43.701439" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" value="43.70144">43.701439</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD6FFFEFBB3FE8D18B11BE8" box="[1121,1243,367,393]" degrees="10.937414" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" value="10.937414">10.937414</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD6FFFEFB34FE8D195A1BE8" box="[1254,1328,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="120.0">
<elevation id="00397A5AFFD6FFFEFB34FE8D195A1BE8" box="[1254,1328,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD6FFFEFF45FE711D721BCC" box="[151,280,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2023-05-03" valueMax="2023-05-08" valueMin="2023-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD6FFFEFF45FE711D721BCC" box="[151,280,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2023-05-03" valueMax="2023-05-08" valueMin="2023-05-03">3–8.V.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
(samples N.4849–N.4854),
<collectorName id="26E1F8BFFFD6FFFEFDB9FE711F4F1BCC" box="[619,805,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fabrizio Mujica</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFCA1FE711FD21BCC" box="[883,952,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">SSPC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFC19FE7118751BCC" box="[971,1055,403,429]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MSNG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFBE3FE7118F81BCC" box="[1073,1170,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">MCLSS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFB7EFE711E611BB0" collectionCode="PC" collectorName="Vernasca" country="Italy" location="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD6FFFEFB7EFE7118BA1BCC" box="[1196,1232,403,429]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
&amp;
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFD6FFFEFAD3FE71195F1BCC" box="[1281,1333,403,429]" count="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD6FFFEFA9AFE7119F31BCC" box="[1352,1433,403,429]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFD6FFFEFF45FE551D331BB0" box="[151,345,439,465]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Emilia-Romagna</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26E1F8BFFFD6FFFEFEB4FE551DA11BB0" box="[358,459,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Vernasca</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFE0EFE551E691BB0" box="[476,515,439,465]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15359" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Non-vascular Plants and Fungi" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="Herbarium">PC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFD6FFFEFDCBFE551F0D1B94" collectingDate="2024-04-20" collectingDateMax="2024-05-12" collectingDateMin="2024-04-20" collectionCode="SSPC" collectorName="S. Sottile" country="Italy" elevation="440" latitude="44.790165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.786095" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">
ex galls
<collectedFrom id="3808DE94FFD6FFFEFDA8FE551F2D1BB1" box="[634,839,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFD4DFE551F2D1BB1" box="[671,839,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFD4DFE551F2D1BB1" box="[671,839,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD6FFFEFC8AFE551FBC1BB0" box="[856,982,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2024-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD6FFFEFC8AFE551FBC1BB0" box="[856,982,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2024-04-20">20.IV.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD6FFFEFC31FE5518371BB0" box="[995,1117,439,465]" degrees="44.790164" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" value="44.790165">44.790164</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20FBAEFFD6FFFEFBB8FE5418BC1BB0" box="[1130,1238,438,465]" degrees="9.786095" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" precision="1" value="9.786095">9.786095</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD6FFFEFB31FE5519451BB0" box="[1251,1327,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="440.0">
<elevation id="00397A5AFFD6FFFEFB31FE5519451BB0" box="[1251,1327,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFD6FFFEFF45FE391D4C1B94" box="[151,294,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2024-05-03" valueMax="2024-05-12" valueMin="2024-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFD6FFFEFF45FE391D4C1B94" box="[151,294,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" value="2024-05-03" valueMax="2024-05-12" valueMin="2024-05-03">3–12.V.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
(preserved in 95 % ethanol),
<collectorName id="26E1F8BFFFD6FFFEFDA0FE391EB21B94" box="[626,728,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">S. Sottile</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFD6FFFEFCCAFE391F351B94" box="[792,863,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">SSPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFD6FFFEFF15FE1C1E1C1EC0" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD6FFFEFF15FE1C1E1C1EC0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFF15FE1C1D281879" bold="true" box="[199,322,510,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFE98FE1D1E271878" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[330,589,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFE98FE1D1E271878" box="[330,589,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFD87FE1D1EDA1878" bold="true" box="[597,688,511,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD6FFFEFD87FE1D1EDA1878" box="[597,688,511,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has such distinctive features that it could never be confused with any other sexual
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFE8DFDC11DAE185C" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[351,452,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFE8DFDC11DAE185C" box="[351,452,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently described from the Western Palaearctic. Among those sexual
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFAD6FDC11903185C" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1284,1385,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFAD6FDC11903185C" box="[1284,1385,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only comparable species are
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFE31FDA51E011801" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[483,619,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFE31FDA51E011801" box="[483,619,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFD77FDA51F781801" authorityName="Melika" authorityYear="2008" box="[677,786,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="istvani">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFD77FDA51F781801" box="[677,786,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. istvani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; all three species share the distinguishing character state of an absence of setae on the forewing margins of females (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD6FFFEFC93FD89184018E4" author="Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Sadeghi, S. E. &amp; Penzes, Z. &amp; Assareh, M. A. &amp; Atkinson, R. S. &amp; Bechtold, M. &amp; Miko, I. &amp; Zargaran, M. R. &amp; Aligolizade, D. &amp; Barimani, H. &amp; Bihari, P. &amp; Fulop, D. &amp; Somogyi, K. &amp; Challis, R. &amp; Preuss, S. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[833,1066,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref18132" refString="Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S. E., Penzes, Z., Assareh, M. A., Atkinson, R. S., Bechtold, M., Miko, I., Zargaran, M. R., Aligolizade, D., Barimani, H., Bihari, P., Fulop, D., Somogyi, K., Challis, R., Preuss, S., Nicholls, J. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2008) New species of oak gallwasps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 1699 (1), 1-64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1699.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Tavakoli
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFC7FFD891F8C18E4" box="[941,998,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD6FFFEFBE5FD89194C18E4" author="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L." box="[1079,1318,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" pagination="429 - 437" refId="ref16869" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (2009) Confirmacion de la presencia en Espana de Andricus crispator Tschek y A. fidelensis Kieffer, cinipidos inductores de agallas en Quercus suber L. (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 45, 429-437." type="journal article" year="2009">Nieves-Aldrey, 2009</bibRefCitation>
). The new species and
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFEF6FD6D1DC418C9" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[292,430,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFEF6FD6D1DC418C9" box="[292,430,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguishable by the following features. In females of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFBBFFD6D191B18C8" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[1133,1393,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFBBFFD6D191B18C8" box="[1133,1393,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFAA9FD6D1CA218AC" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD6FFFEFAA9FD6D1CA218AC" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, body length
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD6FFFEFEBBFD501E6418AC" box="[361,526,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.35" valueMin="1.25">1.25–1.35 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD6FFFEFDCDFD501EC018AC" box="[543,682,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFD03FD511F3018AD" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[721,858,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFD03FD511F3018AD" box="[721,858,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); mesoscutum 1.1 times wider than long in dorsal view and 1.5–1.7 times as long as the mesoscutellum (1.3 times wider than long in dorsal view and 1.2–1.3 times as long as the mesoscutellum in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFE34FD191E061975" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[486,620,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFE34FD191E061975" box="[486,620,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); mesoscutellum not rounded posteriorly and ending in a point, strongly rugose especially near the margins and posteriorly (posteriorly rounded or truncated but not pointed, moderately rugose across the entire surface in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFDC6FCA11EF2193D" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[532,664,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFDC6FCA11EF2193D" box="[532,664,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium less slender, 3.5–4.5 times as long as broad in ventral view (slender, 5.3–5.7 times as long as broad in ventral view in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFB35FC85190419E1" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[1255,1390,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFB35FC85190419E1" box="[1255,1390,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); in males of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFF2DFC691E6B19C4" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[255,513,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFF2DFC691E6B19C4" box="[255,513,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFDDAFC691E0819C4" bold="true" box="[520,610,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD6FFFEFDDAFC691E0819C4" box="[520,610,907,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
POL 1.7–1.8 times as long as OOL (1.5–1.6 times in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFB16FC69192119C5" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[1220,1355,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFB16FC69192119C5" box="[1220,1355,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); OOL 2.1–2.2 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.1 times as long as LOL (1.8–2.0 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFEAEFC311E69198D" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[380,515,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFEAEFC311E69198D" box="[380,515,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); distance between torulus and inner margin of eye nearly 3.0 times the distance between toruli (nearly 1.5 times the distance between toruli in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFC9FFC151FB91E71" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[845,979,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFC9FFC151FB91E71" box="[845,979,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); mesoscutum shallowly reticulate in the internotali area, more weakly on the remaining parts, 1.4–1.5 times as long as the mesoscutellum (strongly reticulate across the entire surface, 1.6–1.7 times as long as the mesoscutellum in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFC66FBDD18531E39" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[948,1081,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFC66FBDD18531E39" box="[948,1081,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); internotauli width at posterior margin of mesoscutum is 1.5–1.6 times the width of one notaulus at the same point (1.7–1.8 times the width of one notaulus at the same point in
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD6FFFEFE0DFB651E0F1EC1" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[479,613,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFE0DFB651E0F1EC1" box="[479,613,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFD6FFE5FF15FB481D1D19A8" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD6FFFEFF15FB481E9A1F50" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD6FFFEFF15FB481E0B1EA4" bold="true" box="[199,609,1194,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Description. SEXUAL FEMALE.</emphasis>
Body with sparse white setae, predominantly amber-colored; antenna slightly lighter than body, excluding the distal half which is darkened; eyes black; legs yellow-amber except for light brown Ts5 and tarsal claws. Mesosoma and metasoma amber to brown, dorsally much darker, with the metasoma relatively darker. Body length
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFD6FFFEFE3FFAF41EE81F50" box="[493,642,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.225" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="461" unit="mm" value="1.225" valueMax="1.35" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.35 mm</quantity>
(N = 27).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD6FFFEFF15FAD91F491DBC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">
Head (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD6FFFEFEC3FAD91DF81F34" box="[273,402,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs 44–48</figureCitation>
) with very sparse white setae, nearly 1.2–1.3 times as broad as high in frontal view, 2.0–2.1 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Lower face coriaceous to shallowly reticulate, with striae radiating from clypeo-pleurostomal line but present only near the ventral margin of the head, not reaching eye and not present medially on the lower face, malar sulcus absent (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD6FFFEFD66FA451F5E1FA0" box="[692,820,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–24" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16–24. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, holotype). 16, habitus (lateral view), the lower left inset shows a magnified view of the hypopygium; 17, head (frontal view); 18, habitus (dorsal view); 19, head (dorsal view); 20, head (laterofrontal view); 21, mesoscutellum (dorsal view); 22, labels; 23, forewing; 24, mesopleuron (lateral view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215360/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs 16, 19</figureCitation>
). Clypeus (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD6FFFEFC63FA45185A1FA0" box="[945,1072,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs 44, 47</figureCitation>
) smooth, subtrapezoidal, ventral margin projecting over mandibles with distinct anterior tentorial pits, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line only slightly impressed. Malar space 0.3–0.4 times as long as height of compound eye. Transfacial distance 1.2–1.3 times as long as height of eye and 1.7–1.8 times as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and tip of clypeus); diameter of torulus about 1.6–1.8 times as long as distance between toruli; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye 1.5 times diameter of torulus. Inner margins of eyes distinctly convergent ventrally. Gena delicately reticulate (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD6FFFEFE52F99D1E6B1CF8" box="[384,513,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Figs 46–47</figureCitation>
), only very slightly broadened behind eye in front view, with only rare setae. Frons, vertex and interocellar area uniformly reticulate, with irregular dark spot in the ocellar area in some specimens (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD6FFFEFABDF9411CDD1C80" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). Ocelli oval in shape, elevated over dorsal margin of head; POL 1.2–1.3 times as long as OOL; OOL 3.5–4.0 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.6–1.7 times as long as LOL. Occiput coriaceous to shallowly reticulate with rare white setae; postgena coriaceous to reticulate, with very sparse white setae; area around occipital foramen impressed, without or with only rare setae. Postocciput around occipital foramen impressed; posterior tentorial pits distinct, elongate, deep; occipital foramen slightly shorter than height of postgenal bridge, which is nearly 1.4 times shorter than length of oral foramen; gula narrowed in lower half with very few and delicate longitudinal striae in lower half; gular sulci very weakly impressed, curved outwards in the upper half (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD6FFFEFAE8F87D19FA1DD8" box="[1338,1424,1950,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="461">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Labial palpus 3–segmented, maxillar palpus 4-segmented.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6BCDE1FFD7FFFFFF45F8751CB21D99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215358/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" startId="11.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[157,1430,181,1919]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD7FFFFFF45F8751CB21D99" blockId="11.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD7FFFFFF45F8751D3F1DCE" bold="true" box="[151,341,1943,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">FIGURES 10–15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD7FFFFFE8EF87A1EE11DD1" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[348,651,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD7FFFFFE8EF87A1EE11DD1" box="[348,651,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">Andricus pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD7FFFFFD41F87A1E8E1DD1" bold="true" box="[659,740,1944,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD7FFFFFD41F87A1E8E1DD1" box="[659,740,1944,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="462" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
10–11, general appearance of gregarious developing galls and their dissection showing the larval chambers; 12–13, dorsal and lateral views of a single gall; 14–15, habitus of sexual adults (lateral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6BCDE1FFD0FFF8FF45F8971DAF1D98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215360" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215360/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" startId="12.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD0FFF8FF45F8971DAF1D98" blockId="12.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD0FFF8FF45F8971D391DEC" bold="true" box="[151,339,1909,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">FIGURES 16–24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD0FFF8FE8BF8971EA31DEC" authority="Giraud, 1859" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[345,713,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD0FFF8FE8BF8971E541DEC" box="[345,574,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD0FFF8FD91F8971EA31DEC" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[579,713,1909,1933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(sexual female, holotype). 16, habitus (lateral view), the lower left inset shows a magnified view of the hypopygium; 17, head (frontal view); 18, habitus (dorsal view); 19, head (dorsal view); 20, head (laterofrontal view); 21, mesoscutellum (dorsal view); 22, labels; 23, forewing; 24, mesopleuron (lateral view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD1FFF9FF15FF751D311BE8" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FEE4FF751DD21AD0" box="[310,440,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Figs 53, 54</figureCitation>
) with 10 flagellomeres (but the last sometimes with an indistinct, incomplete suture, so appears as 11 flagellomeres), 1.3–1.4 times as long as head+mesosoma and 0.8 times shorter than body length, with sparse white setae on scape, pedicel and first four flagellomeres, setae gradually denser and shorter on the last seven segments; placodeal sensilla present on F4–F10; pedicel about 1.6 times as long as broad, scape + pedicel 1.8–2.0 times longer than F1, which is 1.3–1.4 times longer than F2, F2–F6 nearly equal in length, subsequent flagellomeres F7–F9 slightly shorter and gradually decreasing in length, F10, 2.0–2.1 times longer than F9; all flagellomeres longer than wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD1FFF9FF15FE711D6A1800" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
Mesosoma 1.2–1.3 times as long as high in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FC97FE711FF31BCC" box="[837,921,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
). Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FBF8FE7118EB1BCC" box="[1066,1153,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Figs 50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FB5FFE7018C01BCC" box="[1165,1194,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">55</figureCitation>
) reticulate with some wrinkles in lateral and posterolateral pronotal area and near posteroventral corner, shiny, with a few white setae concentrated near anterior rim and posteroventral corner of pronotum; anterior rim of pronotum narrow, emarginate; transverse pronotal sulcus present, shallow, striate. Dorsal part of pronotal plate distinctly offset, with anterolateral corners, ventral and lateral margins marked; posterolateral tooth-like section of anterior part of pronotal plate present (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FF4DFDA51C9E1800" box="[159,244,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD1FFF9FF15FD891D5C1E1C" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
Propleuron (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FE80FD891DC818E4" box="[338,418,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
) weakly reticulate, shiny with rare short setae. Mesoscutum reticulate in between the notali, more weakly reticulate on the remaining parts (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FD61FD6D1F6218C8" box="[691,776,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
), shiny, with rare white setae along the lateral margin and rare adnotaular setae; 1.15–1.25 times as broad as long from above (width measured across base of tegulae); notauli complete, broad, deep and well-impressed along total length, with wide smooth, shining bottom, converging and almost confluent at posterior end near to the posterior margin of mesoscutum, where internotauli width is 1.3 times the width of one notaulus at the same point; median mesoscutal line visible, short, in the form of a triangle, extending less than 1/5 of the total length of the mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FD1FFCA11F75193C" box="[717,799,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
); antero-admedian line absent, parapsidal lines absent but indicated by narrow stripes of smooth sculpture; parascutal carina narrow, anteriorly reaching notauli, mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus strongly reticulate. Transscutal articulation deep, distinct. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellaraxillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae;
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FCCEFC4D1F0519A8" box="[796,879,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
) 1.5–1.7 times shorter than mesoscutum, nearly as long as broad from dorsal view, pentagonal, strongly rugose especially near the margins and posteriorly, very slightly emarginated laterally but not posteriorly, with rare long white setae, clearly overhanging metanotum in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FEFFFBF91DEB1E54" box="[301,385,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
), clearly visible also in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FCFDFBF91FEF1E54" box="[815,901,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
). Scutellar foveae (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FBB3FBF918D91E54" box="[1121,1203,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
) ellipsoidal, 1.7–1.8 times broader than high, deep with smooth and shiny bottom weakly delimited posteriorly and separated by distinct, central carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD1FFF9FF15FB651CBD1C14" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
Mesopleural triangle smooth with some delicate striae and a few white setae. Mesopleuron and speculum (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FF4DFB491C931EA4" box="[159,249,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–15" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 10–15. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. 10–11, general appearance of gregarious developing galls and their dissection showing the larval chambers; 12–13, dorsal and lateral views of a single gall; 14–15, habitus of sexual adults (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215358/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FEDAFB481D391EA4" box="[264,339,1194,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">50, 52</figureCitation>
) shiny, uniformly transversely striate; essentially glabrous except for rare short white setae on anteroventral part and (more densely) on posteroventral part. Pleurosternum smooth, shiny, with delicate wrinkles and white setae between mesocoxal foramina and near mesodiscrimen; metasubpleuron smooth, shiny, with delicate wrinkles and dense long white setae; acetabular carina (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FCDAFAF51F331F50" box="[776,857,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
) well developed, epicnemia broad, from alutaceous to finely coriaceous. Metapleural sulcus distinct, reaching mesopleuron in the upper 1/3 of its height (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FB2EFAD919251F34" box="[1276,1359,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
); areas delimited by the inferior parts of metapleural sulcus coriaceous with dense white setae and some delicate wrinkles; preaxilla smooth and shiny with a few delicate rugae; dorsal axillar area delicately reticulate with rare long setae, lateral axillar area smooth and shiny with some delicate wrinkles; axillar carina distinct, broad, with longitudinal curved distinct striae, without setae; axillula subtriangular, smooth, glossy, with dense white setae; subaxillular bar narrow, smooth and glossy, at most posterior end nearly equal to or slightly higher than height of metanotal trough (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FF4DF9F11C991C4C" box="[159,243,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–54" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 44–54. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 44–48, head (frontal, posterior, lateral, laterofrontal and dorsal views); 49–50, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 51, mesoscutum, with median mesoscutal line arrowed; 52, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 53, female antenna; 54, detail of female antenna - the presence of an indistinct suture between F10 and F11 often makes it appear as having 11 flagellomeres. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215370/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
); propodeal spiracle very slightly elevated, ovate, carina extending from spiracle distinctly raised; pit above spiracle deep, smooth, glossy; area between metapleural sulcus and spiracle glossy, with some punctures and long setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD1FFF9FF15F99D1D9E1DD8" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
Metascutellum (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FE52F99D1DBE1CF8" box="[384,468,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
) trapezoidal, smooth and shiny, metascutellum narrow, nearly 3.5 times as broad as high and 0.75 times shorter than height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum in posterodorsal view which is smooth; metanotal trough narrow, smooth, and glossy, with rare white setae. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct and percurrent, slightly curved outwards in the middle (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FCC2F9091F0F1D64" box="[784,869,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
), strong and uniformly thick, carinae end dorsally in a thick protruding small process; central propodeal area glabrous, smooth, shiny, without median propodeal vertical carina and without setae; central propodeal area short, more than 2.1 times broader than long, with its height slightly shorter than height of metascutellum+height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum; lateral propodeal area alutaceous with some very delicate rugae and with relatively dense white setae; nucha short, with irregular wrinkles dorsally and laterally (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD1FFF9FE41F87D1D8D1DD8" box="[403,487,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6BCDE1FFD2FFFAFF45F8971EC91D98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215362/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" startId="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[190,1397,181,1884]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD2FFFAFF45F8971EC91D98" blockId="14.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD2FFFAFF45F8971D391DEC" bold="true" box="[151,339,1909,1933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">FIGURES 25–32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD2FFFAFE85F8971EAE1DEC" authority="Giraud, 1859" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[343,708,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD2FFFAFE85F8971E511DEC" box="[343,571,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD2FFFAFD92F8971EAE1DEC" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[576,708,1909,1933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(sexual female, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 25, specimens on a micropin with label; 26, habitus; 27, forewing; 28, head (frontal view); 29, head and mesosoma (dorsal view); 30, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 31, hypopygium (lateral view); 32, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6BCDE1FFD3FFFBFF45F8971F501D98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215364" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215364/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" startId="15.[151,264,1909,1933]" targetBox="[191,1397,181,1884]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD3FFFBFF45F8971F501D98" blockId="15.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD3FFFBFF45F8971D3E1DEC" bold="true" box="[151,340,1909,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">FIGURES 33–41.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD3FFFBFE8BF8971EA01DEC" authority="Giraud, 1859" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[345,714,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD3FFFBFE8BF8971E551DEC" box="[345,575,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="466">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD3FFFBFD97F8971EA01DEC" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[581,714,1909,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="466" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(sexual male, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 33, habitus; 34–36, head (frontal, ventral and dorsal views); 37, mesopleuron (lateral view); 38, mesosoma and metasoma (dorsal view); 39, proximal antennal segments; 40, details of mesoscutal sculpture (dorsal view); 41, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCCFFE4FF15FF751F731BAD" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FE96FF751DF21AD0" box="[324,408,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
) 2.4 times as long as wide, 1.5–1.6 times as long as body, hyaline, with micro-pubescent surface, with extremely short marginal setae; very weakly clouded around veins, with distinct light brown veins; radial cell open, 3.6–3.8 times as long as broad; R1 short, 0.5–0.6 times shorter than first abscissa of radius (2r), not reaching wing margin, Rs nearly reaching wing margin and extending along it; 2r slightly curved; 2r–m straight; areolet distinct, triangular, in some cases very small (within the same specimen, often one of the two forewings possesses a smaller areolet); 2r–m not extending along M vein; Rs+M weakly marked, extending to 2/3 distance between areolet and basal vein and projecting slightly below midpoint of basal vein. Hindwing (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FB2FFE8919391BE7" box="[1277,1363,363,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
), 4.0– 5.0 times as long as wide, hyaline, with micro-pubescent surface and long marginal setae (marginal setae length/ hindwing width=0.15–0.20), R1 vein very faintly visible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCCFFE4FF15FE341EA41856" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
All tarsal segments longer than broad, except Ts5 as long as broad, Ts1 the longest one; tarsal claws with basal lobe; fore Ts1 to Ts5 length ratios are 1.0:0.4:0.35:0.3:0.7; tibial spur slightly curved inward, bifid at apex, nearly 0.5 times as long as basitarsus of foreleg (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FDBFFDFF1EAB1856" box="[621,705,541,567]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCCFFE4FF15FDA319E91888" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
Metasoma 0.8–0.9 times as long as head+mesosoma and slightly higher than long in lateral view, smooth, shiny, with sparse white setae on T2 antero-laterally (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FD7EFD861F6A181F" box="[684,768,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
); metasomal tergum 2 without micropunctures, subsequent terga with very indistinct micropunctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 3.5–4.5 times as long as broad in ventral view, with rare, white setae; setae have a length about 1.2 times the median diameter of the hypopygium in lateral view, are straight, do not extend beyond apex of spine and never form a tuft (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FB26FD2C191C1888" box="[1268,1398,718,745]" captionStart="FIGURES 55–65" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[190,1397,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 55–65. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual female. 55, pronotum (anterodorsal view); 56, mesosoma (ventral view); 57, forewing; 58, hindwing; 59, propleuron (frontal view); 60, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 61, metasoma (lateral view); 62, fore tarsus; 63, mid tarsus; 64, hind tarsus; 65, ventral spine of hypopygium (ventral view). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215372/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Figs 61, 65</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCCFFE4FF15FD131FC2194E" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCCFFE4FF15FD131D71196A" bold="true" box="[199,283,753,779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">MALE</emphasis>
. Body length
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFCCFFE4FE65FD131E33196D" box="[439,601,753,780]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.35" valueMin="1.05">1.05–1.35 mm</quantity>
(N = 58). Similar to female in colour, except for mesosoma which is darker dorsally and antennae slightly lighter than body even at the distal end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCCFFE4FF15FCDA1E611981" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
Compound eyes and ocelli bigger than in female (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FCC6FCDA1FF11933" box="[788,923,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Figs 66–68</figureCitation>
); POL 1.7–1.8 times as long as OOL; OOL 1.8–1.9 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus. Malar space shorter (0.2–0.3 times as long as eye height). Transfacial distance equal to or slightly longer than height of eye and 1.5–1.6 times as long as height of lower face; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye nearly equal to diameter of torulus and nearly 3.0 times the distance between toruli (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FE78FC241D951981" box="[426,511,966,992]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCCFFE4FF15FC081FFF1C5A" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FEE1FC081DD81E65" box="[307,434,1002,1028]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Figs 69–70</figureCitation>
) with 12 flagellomeres; with short dense white setae uniformly distributed on all segments; placodeal sensilla present on all flagellomeres. Pedicel about 1.3 times as long as broad, all flagellomeres nearly of the same width; F1 modified, slightly excavated in basal half and swollen apically (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FBE9FBD318E51E2A" box="[1083,1167,1073,1099]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
); scape+pedicel 1.5–1.6 times longer than F1, which is nearly equal to or slightly longer than F2, F2 1.1x longer than F3–F7 and 1.2–1.3x longer than F8–F12. Internotauli width at posterior margin of mesoscutum is 1.5–1.6 times the width of one notaulus at the same point. Mesoscutum weakly reticulate. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct and percurrent, very slightly curved outwards in the middle (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FDD4FB5D1E361EB8" box="[518,604,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
); central propodeal area 1.2–1.3 times broader than long, with its height equal to twice the height of metascutellum+height of ventral impressed rim of metanotum. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FAD9FB0019361E9C" box="[1291,1372,1250,1277]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
) 2.4– 2.5 times as long as wide, hyaline, with a normally pubescent surface and distinct marginal setae (marginal setae length/forewing width=0.06); 1.4–1.5 times as long as body; radial cell open, 3.1–3.2 times as long as broad; R1 short, 0.7–0.8 times shorter than first abscissa of radius (2r), nearly reaching wing margin, Rs nearly reaching wing margin and extending along it; 2r slightly curved; 2r–m nearly straight; areolet distinct, triangular, in some cases very small (often within the same specimen, one of the two wings possesses a smaller areolet); 2r–m not or very slightly extending along M vein; Rs+M weakly marked, extending to 2/3 distance between areolet and basal vein and projecting slightly below midpoint of basal vein. Hindwing (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FCABFA381FA71F95" box="[889,973,1498,1524]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–76" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-24@22.[178,1410,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–76. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. sexual male. 66–68, head (frontal, lateral and dorsal views); 69, antenna; 70, detail of proximal antennal segments; 71–72, mesosoma (dorsal and lateral views); 73, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view); 74, metasoma (lateral view); 75, forewing; 76, hindwing. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215374/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
), 4.0–4.5 times as long as wide, hyaline, with a normally pubescent surface and long marginal setae (marginal setae length/forewing width=0.15–0.20); R1 vein visible in the form of an infuscate stripe on the anterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCCFFE4FF15F9A6187F1D84" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCCFFE4FF15F9A61DDE1C3F" bold="true" box="[199,436,1604,1631]" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Galls and Biology (</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FE66F9A71E711C3E" box="[436,539,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. 1, 2, Young asexual gall of Andricus truncicolus in two successive growth phases and 3, sexual gall of the same species; 4, 5, young asexual gall of Andricus conificus in two successive growth phases and 6, sexual gall of the same species;7–9, general appearance and dissection of sexual galls of Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215356/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCCFFE4FDFBF9A71E191C3E" box="[553,627,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–15" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 10–15. Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov. 10–11, general appearance of gregarious developing galls and their dissection showing the larval chambers; 12–13, dorsal and lateral views of a single gall; 14–15, habitus of sexual adults (lateral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215358/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">10–13</figureCitation>
). Only the sexual generation is known, and induces multilocular galls on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCCFFE4FF6EF98B1D091CE3" box="[188,355,1641,1667]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCCFFE4FF6EF98B1D091CE3" box="[188,355,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (section
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCCFFE4FE3CF98B1E5C1CE2" box="[494,566,1641,1667]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cerris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCCFFE4FE3CF98B1E5C1CE2" box="[494,566,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="467">Cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Galls develop on the leaves, petiole, and along the main veins. Externally, they appear as irregular swellings, asymmetrical towards the underside of the leaf, primarily affecting the veins but causing deformation of the leaf blade, which becomes folded upon itself in a disordered manner. Galls are light yellowish-green, and in the initial development phase they appear translucent-glassy and succulent. They are covered with normal trichomes, continuous with those of the host leaf. Larval chambers are present in the invagination induced on the leaf blade, are ovoid-ellipsoid in shape, approximately
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFCCFFE4FBB5F8F8189B1D55" box="[1127,1265,1818,1844]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.1 mm</quantity>
in height, and attached at one end to the swollen and deformed vein, which serves as the germinal substrate. They are formed of a coriaceous wall, covered with whitish, unicellular hairs up to
<quantity id="4CEC308CFFCCFFE4FC9AF8831FF71D1A" box="[840,925,1889,1915]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="467" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long, which are either straight or sinuous and slightly denser at the chamber’s apical end. Each leaf gall contains between one and ten larval chambers, typically three or four; a single insect develops in each larval chamber. The larva develops rapidly, has a short pupal stage, and the insect emerges by creating a large hole at the apical end of the chamber.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCDFFE5FF15FF751FAB1B7C" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">The leaves on which the galls develop may exhibit reduced growth and tend to dry out and detach prematurely from the host plant. As the galls mature, dehydration causes a reduction in volume in the swollen and succulent region, resulting in the larval chambers becoming firmly adhered to the upper surface of the leaf blade. These sexual generation galls begin to develop in April and the adults emerge in May.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCDFFE5FF15FEC518DB1BE8" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
The biology of other closely-related congeneric species suggests that this species should have the heteroecic host-alternating life cycle typical of this group of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FD19FEA91FE61B04" box="[715,908,331,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FD19FEA91F5A1B04" box="[715,816,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Andricus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, and that galls of its asexual generation should be found on sympatric oaks of the section
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FDA0FE8D1EBA1BE8" box="[626,720,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FDA0FE8D1EBA1BE8" box="[626,720,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FCC4FE8D18CA1BE8" box="[790,1184,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FCC4FE8D1FFA1BE9" box="[790,912,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">Q. petraea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FC4EFE8D185E1BE8" box="[924,1076,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Q. pubescens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FBEDFE8D18CA1BE8" box="[1087,1184,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">Q. robur</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCDFFE5FF15FE711E221890" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FF15FE711DCE1BCC" bold="true" box="[199,420,403,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Molecular results.</emphasis>
Sequences obtained from individuals that had been confirmed morphologically as
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FA56FE711D131BB0" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FA56FE711D131BB0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FEADFE551DB21BB0" bold="true" box="[383,472,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFCDFFE5FEADFE551DB21BB0" box="[383,472,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
grouped together with an ultra-fast bootstrap value of 100% (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCDFFE5FB54FE5518B01BB0" box="[1158,1242,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,182,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 42. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of selected Western Palaearctic Andricus species, based on a concatenation of cytochrome b and long-wavelength opsin DNA sequences. Numbers above nodes provide ultra-fast bootstrap support values; terminal names correspond to individuals whose details are in Table 1. Shaded boxes indicate the limits of focal taxa discussed in the main text: A. truncicolus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated), A. conificus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated) and A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215366/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). ITS2 sequences from this species also clustered together within minimal variation amongst them compared to between-species differences (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCDFFE5FEF7FE1D1D161878" box="[293,380,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="19.[151,250,757,781]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,733]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,733]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 43. Maximum likelihood phylogenies of selected Western Palaearctic Andricus species based on ITS2 sequence data: a. species allied to A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov.; and b. species in the hartigi-clade of host-alternating Andricus. Numbers above nodes provide ultra-fast bootstrap support values; terminal names correspond to individuals whose details are in Table 1. Shaded boxes indicate the limits of focal taxa discussed in the main text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215368/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). This grouping also included the specimen sequenced by
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFCDFFE5FBF2FE1D18921878" author="Stone, G. N. &amp; Hernandez-Lopez, A. &amp; Nicholls, J. A. &amp; di Pierro, E. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Cook, J. M." box="[1056,1272,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="854 - 869" refId="ref17977" refString="Stone, G. N., Hernandez-Lopez, A., Nicholls, J. A., di Pierro, E., Pujade-Villar, J., Melika, G. &amp; Cook, J. M. (2009) Extreme host plant conservatism during at least 20 million years of host plant pursuit by oak gallwasps. Evolution, 63, 854-869. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00604.x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Stone
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FBBBFE1D18F71878" box="[1129,1181,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
that had been mis-identified as the species
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FE34FDC11EF0185C" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[486,666,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FE34FDC11EF0185C" box="[486,666,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(terminal labelled as
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FC45FDC018ED185C" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[919,1159,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus">‘pseudomultiplicatus</taxonomicName>
_5’ in
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCDFFE5FB1DFDC1194E185C" box="[1231,1316,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,182,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 42. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of selected Western Palaearctic Andricus species, based on a concatenation of cytochrome b and long-wavelength opsin DNA sequences. Numbers above nodes provide ultra-fast bootstrap support values; terminal names correspond to individuals whose details are in Table 1. Shaded boxes indicate the limits of focal taxa discussed in the main text: A. truncicolus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated), A. conificus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated) and A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215366/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
; GenBank accessions
<accessionNumber id="9447008AFFCDFFE5FECBFDA51DFF1800" box="[281,405,583,609]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ217996" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">DQ217996</accessionNumber>
&amp;
<accessionNumber id="9447008AFFCDFFE5FE10FDA51E541800" box="[450,574,583,609]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ217970" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">DQ217970</accessionNumber>
which were used in this analysis, as well as accession
<accessionNumber id="9447008AFFCDFFE5FB07FDA5193C1800" box="[1237,1366,583,609]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/DQ201499" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">DQ201499</accessionNumber>
), thus explaining the generation-matching discrepancy between the experimental rearings of
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFCDFFE5FB88FD89197518E4" author="Sottile, S. &amp; Cerasa, G. &amp; Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G." box="[1114,1311,619,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="210 - 232" refId="ref17717" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G. (2023) The experimental life cycle closure of Andricus truncicolus (Giraud, 1859) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) and taxonomic description of its sexual generation. Zootaxa, 5296 (2), 210-232. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.4" type="journal article" year="2023">
Sottile
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FB78FD8918B018E4" box="[1194,1242,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
that linked
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FF45FD6D1D2018C8" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,330,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FF45FD6D1D2018C8" box="[151,330,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FE5FFD6D1E4618C8" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[397,556,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FE5FFD6D1E4618C8" box="[397,556,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Stone
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FD7CFD6D1E8A18C8" box="[686,736,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al</emphasis>
.’s (2009) discordant phylogenetic result for these taxa. Some phylogeographic structure was also apparent within this species, with reciprocally monophyletic groupings of Italian versus Hungarian specimens (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCDFFE5FE35FD351E511890" box="[487,571,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,182,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 42. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of selected Western Palaearctic Andricus species, based on a concatenation of cytochrome b and long-wavelength opsin DNA sequences. Numbers above nodes provide ultra-fast bootstrap support values; terminal names correspond to individuals whose details are in Table 1. Shaded boxes indicate the limits of focal taxa discussed in the main text: A. truncicolus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated), A. conificus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated) and A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215366/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCDFFE5FF15FD191D1D19A8" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
The new species
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FE5CFD191EF81974" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[398,658,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FE5CFD191EF81974" box="[398,658,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed part of a well-supported clade (ultra-fast bootstrap value of 97%) that also included
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FE7EFCFD1E7D1959" authorityName="Melika" authorityYear="2008" box="[428,535,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="istvani">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FE7EFCFD1E7D1959" box="[428,535,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. istvani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FD9DFCFD1EBC1959" authorityName="Tschek" authorityYear="1871" box="[591,726,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crispator">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FD9DFCFD1EBC1959" box="[591,726,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. crispator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the other two Western Palaearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FBBBFCFD194D1958" box="[1129,1319,799,825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FBBBFCFD18A41958" box="[1129,1230,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Andricus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
that share the distinctive character state of a lack of marginal setae on the sexual female’s forewing (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFCDFFE5FB5BFCA118B4193C" box="[1161,1246,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,182,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 42. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of selected Western Palaearctic Andricus species, based on a concatenation of cytochrome b and long-wavelength opsin DNA sequences. Numbers above nodes provide ultra-fast bootstrap support values; terminal names correspond to individuals whose details are in Table 1. Shaded boxes indicate the limits of focal taxa discussed in the main text: A. truncicolus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated), A. conificus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated) and A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215366/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). This clade falls towards the base of the large group of Western Palaearctic host-alternating
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FC29FC8518D419E0" box="[1019,1214,871,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FC29FC85180A19E0" box="[1019,1120,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Andricus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, and its constituent species are only known from their sexual generations, making integral, multilocular or aggregated, leaf galls on section
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FF3FFC4D1D1919A8" box="[237,371,943,969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cerris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="17" pageNumber="470" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oaks">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FF3FFC4D1D5F19A8" box="[237,309,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Cerris</emphasis>
oaks
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFCDFFE5FF15FC31191C1E54" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCDFFE5FF15FC31191C1E54" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FF15FC311D24198C" bold="true" box="[199,334,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Etymology.</emphasis>
Pseudo, derived from Greek, is the first element of compound words in which it has the meaning of “false”. The galls of the new species can be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FC93FC1518551E70" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[833,1087,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FC93FC1518551E70" box="[833,1087,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(here determined to be a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FEF1FBF91DAA1E54" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[291,448,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FEF1FBF91DAA1E54" box="[291,448,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), so we have therefore named this species with the meaning of “false multiplicatus”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFCDFFE5FF15FBDC1D141EA4" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFCDFFE5FF15FBDC1D141EA4" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FF15FBDC1D0B1E39" bold="true" box="[199,353,1086,1112]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Distribution.</emphasis>
Currently known from
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFCDFFE5FDA8FBDD1EC71E38" box="[634,685,1087,1113]" name="Italy" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Italy</collectingCountry>
in the
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFCDFFE5FCD5FBDD1FAC1E38" box="[775,966,1087,1113]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Emilia-Romagna</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFCDFFE5FBD6FBDD18081E38" box="[1028,1122,1087,1113]" country="Italy" name="Toscana" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Tuscany</collectingRegion>
regions and from multiple locations within
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFCDFFE5FE81FB811DDD1E1C" box="[339,439,1123,1149]" name="Hungary" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Hungary</collectingCountry>
. However, the similarity of this species’ galls to the sexual galls of other species such as
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FF45FB651D5F1EC0" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,309,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FF45FB651D5F1EC0" box="[151,309,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFCDFFE5FEB9FB651D9A1EC0" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[363,496,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFCDFFE5FEB9FB651D9A1EC0" box="[363,496,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. conificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means that we may not currently have a clear idea of the full geographical range of any of these species.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF45FF3D1DFC1A9B" bold="true" box="[151,406,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
(
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<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFDBFFF3FF45FEE61C911B7F" box="[151,251,260,286]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. 1, 2, Young asexual gall of Andricus truncicolus in two successive growth phases and 3, sexual gall of the same species; 4, 5, young asexual gall of Andricus conificus in two successive growth phases and 6, sexual gall of the same species;7–9, general appearance and dissection of sexual galls of Andricus pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215356/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFDBFFF3FED4FEE11D271B7C" box="[262,333,259,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 16–24" captionStart-1="FIGURES 25–32" captionStart-2="FIGURES 33–41" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetBox-2="[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@12.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-24@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@15.[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 16–24. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, holotype). 16, habitus (lateral view), the lower left inset shows a magnified view of the hypopygium; 17, head (frontal view); 18, habitus (dorsal view); 19, head (dorsal view); 20, head (laterofrontal view); 21, mesoscutellum (dorsal view); 22, labels; 23, forewing; 24, mesopleuron (lateral view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." captionText-1="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 25, specimens on a micropin with label; 26, habitus; 27, forewing; 28, head (frontal view); 29, head and mesosoma (dorsal view); 30, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 31, hypopygium (lateral view); 32, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." captionText-2="FIGURES 33–41. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual male, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 33, habitus; 34–36, head (frontal, ventral and dorsal views); 37, mesopleuron (lateral view); 38, mesosoma and metasoma (dorsal view); 39, proximal antennal segments; 40, details of mesoscutal sculpture (dorsal view); 41, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215360" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215362" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215364" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/15215360/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/15215362/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/15215364/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">16–41</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFDBFFF3FF45FEAA1ECD1BBA" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF45FEAA1E611B01" blockId="7.[151,734,328,475]" box="[151,523,328,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB04BA47FFDBFFF3FF45FEAA1E611B01" box="[151,523,328,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB5BB78FFDBFFF3FF45FEAA1E611B01" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[151,523,328,352]" page="345" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FF45FEAA1E611B01" authority="Giraud, 1859: 345" authorityName="Giraud" authorityPageNumber="345" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,523,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF45FEAA1D261B01" box="[151,332,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Cynips truncicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFDBFFF3FE80FEAA1E611B01" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[338,523,328,352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859: 345</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF45FE851EB41B1E" blockId="7.[151,734,328,475]" box="[151,734,359,383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB04BA47FFDBFFF3FF45FE851EB41B1E" box="[151,734,359,383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FF45FE851DD91B1E" authority="(Giraud)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" box="[151,435,359,383]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Adleria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF45FE851D381B1E" box="[151,338,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Adleria truncicola</emphasis>
(Giraud)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AB5BB78FFDBFFF3FE6FFE851EB41B1E" author="Rohwer, S. A. &amp; Fagan, M. M." box="[445,734,359,383]" page="359" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" year="1917">
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFDBFFF3FE6FFE851EB41B1E" author="Rohwer, S. A. &amp; Fagan, M. M." box="[445,734,359,383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="357 - 380" refId="ref17199" refString="Rohwer, S. A. &amp; Fagan, M. M. (1917) The type-species of the genera of the Cynipoidea, or the gall wasps and parasitic cynipoids. Proceedings of the United States Natural History Museum, 53 (2208), 357-380. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.2208.357" type="journal article" year="1917">Rohwer &amp; Fagan, 1917: 359</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF45FE671EE11BFF" blockId="7.[151,734,328,475]" box="[151,651,389,414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB04BA47FFDBFFF3FF45FE671EE11BFF" box="[151,651,389,414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FF45FE671DA81BFC" authority="(Giraud)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,450,389,413]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF45FE671D0B1BFC" box="[151,353,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus truncicola</emphasis>
(Giraud)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AB5BB78FFDBFFF3FE1EFE641EE11BFF" author="Benson, R. B." box="[460,651,389,414]" page="220" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFDBFFF3FE1EFE641EE11BFF" author="Benson, R. B." box="[460,651,389,414]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="195 - 221" refId="ref13808" refString="Benson, R. B. (1953) Revision of Nomenclature. In: Marsden-Jones, E. M. A study of the life-cycle of Adleria kollari Hartig, the Marble or Devonshire gall. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 104 (7), 195-221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1953.tb01259.x" type="journal article" year="1953">Benson, 1953: 220</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF45FE461D3F1BDD" blockId="7.[151,734,328,475]" box="[151,341,420,444]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Sexual generation:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF45FE211ECD1BBA" blockId="7.[151,734,328,475]" box="[151,679,451,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB04BA47FFDBFFF3FF45FE211ECD1BBA" box="[151,679,451,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB5BB78FFDBFFF3FF45FE211E551BBA" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[151,575,451,475]" page="360" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FF45FE211E551BBA" authority="Giraud, 1859: 360" authorityName="Giraud" authorityPageNumber="360" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,575,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF45FE211D171BBA" box="[151,381,451,475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFDBFFF3FE56FE211E551BBA" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[388,575,451,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859: 360</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FD9BFE211ECD1BBA" bold="true" box="[585,679,451,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFDBFFF3FD9BFE211ECD1BBA" box="[585,679,451,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFDBFFF3FF45FDEB18B31FC6" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF45FDEB1D441906" blockId="7.[151,1437,520,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF45FDEB1F841842" bold="true" box="[151,1006,520,547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
Type material examined -
<typeStatus id="54AF23CBFFDBFFF3FE14FDEB1E471842" box="[454,557,521,547]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FD9CFDEA1F391842" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[590,851,520,547]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FD9CFDEA1F391842" bold="true" box="[590,851,520,547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFDBFFF3FC8DFDEB1F8B1842" box="[863,993,521,547]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–24" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[190,1396,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16–24. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, holotype). 16, habitus (lateral view), the lower left inset shows a magnified view of the hypopygium; 17, head (frontal view); 18, habitus (dorsal view); 19, head (dorsal view); 20, head (laterofrontal view); 21, mesoscutellum (dorsal view); 22, labels; 23, forewing; 24, mesopleuron (lateral view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215360/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 16–24</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Giraud’s type series of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FB3FFDEB19F61842" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1261,1436,521,547]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FB3FFDEB19F61842" box="[1261,1436,521,547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the NHMW consists of
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FE68FDCF1E591826" box="[442,563,557,584]" count="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">5 syntypes</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FDECFDCF1E081826" box="[574,610,557,583]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FDBCFDCF1EFB1826" box="[622,657,557,583]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
(both
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FD0BFDCF1E841826" box="[729,750,557,583]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
broken, only fragments present) mounted on pins or glued on cards with the following labels:
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FE2DFDB31E48180A" box="[511,546,593,619]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
“Type” (rectangular red label, printed), “
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FC22FDB3192F180A" authority="Giraud" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1008,1349,593,619]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FC22FDB31884180A" box="[1008,1262,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
Giraud
</taxonomicName>
” (black label, handwritten), “Z.b. Gesellsch. Bd. IX. p. 337” (white label handwritten) [abbreviation for “Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFDBFFF3FD55FD7B1EAF18D2" box="[647,709,665,691]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Wien</collectingRegion>
” volume, IX p. 337, journal in which the species was described], “NHMW-HYM #0006912” (yellow label, printed);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FD3BFD5F1F6618B6" box="[745,780,701,727]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
with the same labels as the previous one, but “
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FAE5FD5F1D37189A" authority="Gir." authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FAE5FD5F1D43189A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
Gir.
</taxonomicName>
det. Giraud” (white label, handwritten) and “NHMW-HYM #0006913” (yellow label, printed);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FF45FCE71CD0197E" box="[151,186,773,799]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
with the same labels as the previous but “NHMW-HYM #0006914” (yellow label, printed);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FB34FCE71963197E" box="[1254,1289,773,799]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
on the same pin, “
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF09FCCB1D361922" box="[219,348,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">multiplicat.</emphasis>
det. Giraud Type” (white label, handwritten), “
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FC4BFCCB18901922" authority="Giraud" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[921,1274,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FC4BFCCB18F71922" box="[921,1181,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
Giraud
</taxonomicName>
” (white label handwritten).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF15FC931F4819EA" blockId="7.[151,1437,520,1843]" box="[199,802,881,908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C9734FFDBFFF3FF15FC931F4819EA" box="[199,802,881,908]" country="Austria" location="Austria" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54AF23CBFFDBFFF3FF15FC931C9519EA" box="[199,255,881,907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FEB5FC931DD619EA" box="[359,444,881,907]" name="Austria" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFDBFFF3FE15FC931EE719EA" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[455,653,881,908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud 1859: 337</bibRefCitation>
(orig. descr.)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF15FC771E5E19CE" blockId="7.[151,1437,520,1843]" box="[199,564,917,943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF15FC771E5E19CE" bold="true" box="[199,564,917,943]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF15FC5B1FA11EE6" blockId="7.[151,1437,520,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FEB5FC5B1E0C19B2" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[359,614,953,979]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FEB5FC5B1E0C19B2" box="[359,614,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
deposited in MSNG (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFDBFFF3FC8CFC5B1FB419B5" box="[862,990,953,980]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 25–32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33–41" captionStartId-0="14.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,264,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@14.[190,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@15.[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURES 25–32. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual female, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 25, specimens on a micropin with label; 26, habitus; 27, forewing; 28, head (frontal view); 29, head and mesosoma (dorsal view); 30, mesopleuron (ventro-lateral view); 31, hypopygium (lateral view); 32, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." captionText-1="FIGURES 33–41. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud, 1859 (sexual male, deposited in MSNG and determined by Gustav L. Mayr). 33, habitus; 34–36, head (frontal, ventral and dorsal views); 37, mesopleuron (lateral view); 38, mesosoma and metasoma (dorsal view); 39, proximal antennal segments; 40, details of mesoscutal sculpture (dorsal view); 41, metascutellum and propodeum (posterodorsal view). Scale bar: 200 µm, unless labeled otherwise." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215362" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215364" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/15215362/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/15215364/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 25–41</figureCitation>
):
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FC24FC5B187319B2" box="[1014,1049,953,979]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FBF5FC5B182019B2" box="[1063,1098,953,979]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
pinned on separate micropins on the same small block of pith with the following label: “
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FCE9FC3F18511996" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[827,1083,989,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FCE9FC3F18511996" box="[827,1083,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFDBFFF3FB91FC3F18151996" box="[1091,1151,989,1015]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Wien</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="26E1F8BFFFDBFFF3FB5AFC3F19281996" box="[1160,1346,989,1015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Giraud D. Mayr</collectorName>
” (white label, handwritten) “171” (small white quadrangular label, handwritten).
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FC02FBE31F991E7A" box="[976,1011,1025,1051]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FBD0FBE3184F1E7A" box="[1026,1061,1025,1051]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
pinned on separate micropins on the same small block of pith with the following label: “
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FCD4FBC718251E5E" authority="Usciti" authorityName="Usciti" box="[774,1103,1061,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FCD4FBC7186E1E5E" box="[774,1028,1061,1087]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
Usciti
</taxonomicName>
in Luglio 1907 da galle di
<collectorName id="26E1F8BFFFDBFFF3FA53FBC71D2C1E02" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">N. S. della Vittoria</collectorName>
su
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FEBFFBAB1E521E02" authority="Mantero" authorityName="Mantero" box="[365,568,1097,1123]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FEBFFBAB1DA51E02" box="[365,463,1097,1123]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Q. cerris</emphasis>
Mantero
</taxonomicName>
” [Emerged in
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FD0BFBAB1F2D1E02" box="[729,839,1097,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="1907-07">
<collectingDate id="EFEE4241FFDBFFF3FD0BFBAB1F2D1E02" box="[729,839,1097,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="1907-07">July 1907</collectingDate>
</date>
ex galls collected near the sanctuary “
<location id="8ECBCBB2FFDBFFF3FB23FBAB1D461EE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD2C7FFFDBFFFDFF45FF3D18501FFC:8ECBCBB2FFDBFFF3FB23FBAB1D461EE6" name="Nostra Signora della Vittoria" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" stateProvince="Wien">Nostra Signora della Vittoria</location>
”
<collectorName id="26E1F8BFFFDBFFF3FEEFFB8F1E0B1EE6" box="[317,609,1133,1159]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Genoa. Giacomo Mantero</collectorName>
leg.] (white label, handwritten).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF15FB7318B31FC6" blockId="7.[151,1437,520,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
Specimens from galls recently collected in
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FD75FB731E931ECA" box="[679,761,1169,1195]" name="Austria" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Austria</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FCFDFB731FFF1ECA" box="[815,917,1169,1195]" name="Hungary" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Hungary</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FC72FB731FBF1ECA" box="[928,981,1169,1195]" count="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FC0CFB7318361ECA" box="[990,1116,1169,1195]" name="Austria" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">AUSTRIA</collectingCountry>
: Burgerland, Hornstein from galls on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FF2BFB571D371EAE" box="[249,349,1205,1231]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FF2BFB571D371EAE" box="[249,349,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FE07FB571E021EAE" box="[469,616,1205,1231]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2020-06-20">20. VI. 2020</date>
, Andreas Berger leg.
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FC8CFB5719011EAE" authority="(Giraud, 1859) S. Sottile" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[862,1387,1205,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FC8CFB5718201EAE" box="[862,1098,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFDBFFF3FB88FB5718981EB1" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[1114,1266,1205,1232]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
) S. Sottile
</taxonomicName>
det. (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FF4DFB3B1C801E92" box="[159,234,1241,1267]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">GCPC</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FEDCFB3B1D3E1E92" box="[270,340,1241,1267]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">SSPC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FEBAFB3B1DE41E92" box="[360,398,1241,1267]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FE49FB3B1E421E92" box="[411,552,1241,1267]" name="Hungary" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">HUNGARY</collectingCountry>
: Közseg, ex galls collected
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FC8DFB3B1FB41E92" box="[863,990,1241,1267]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2010-06-26">26.VI.2010</date>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FBDBFB3B18071E92" box="[1033,1133,1241,1267]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FBDBFB3B18071E92" box="[1033,1133,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, labels HU37 and Andtru2 (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FF4DFB1F1C811F76" box="[159,235,1277,1303]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">GSPC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FF2EFB1F1D4B1F76" box="[252,289,1277,1303]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FEF8FB1F1DC21F76" box="[298,424,1277,1303]" name="Austria" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">AUSTRIA</collectingCountry>
: Unterlois, ex galls collected
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FD36FB1F1F3C1F79" box="[740,854,1277,1304]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2006-06-05">5.VI.2006</date>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FCA8FB1F1FB11F76" box="[890,987,1277,1303]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FCA8FB1F1FB11F76" box="[890,987,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, labels CEH12153 and Andtru3 (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FA96FB1F19FA1F76" box="[1348,1424,1277,1303]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">GSPC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FF45FAC31CD71F5A" box="[151,189,1313,1339]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FF1BFAC31D3C1F5A" box="[201,342,1313,1339]" name="Hungary" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">HUNGARY</collectingCountry>
: Közseg, ex galls collected
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FD5CFAC31F671F5A" box="[654,781,1313,1339]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2010-06-26">26.VI.2010</date>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FCEBFAC31FF61F5A" box="[825,924,1313,1339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FCEBFAC31FF61F5A" box="[825,924,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, labels HU41 and either Andtru5, Andtru6 or Andtru7 (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FED5FAA71D391F3E" box="[263,339,1349,1375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">GSPC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FEBBFAA71DE41F3E" box="[361,398,1349,1375]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FE4CFAA71E411F3E" box="[414,555,1349,1375]" name="Hungary" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">HUNGARY</collectingCountry>
: Varpolata, ex galls collected
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FC55FAA71F921F3E" box="[903,1016,1349,1375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2006-06-06">6.VI.2006</date>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FBFAFAA718E51F3E" box="[1064,1167,1349,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FBFAFAA718E51F3E" box="[1064,1167,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, labels CEH13525 and Andtru8 (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FED7FA8B1D3B1FE2" box="[261,337,1385,1411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">GSPC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FEB4FA8B1DE61FE2" box="[358,396,1385,1411]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FE48FA8B1E4D1FE2" box="[410,551,1385,1411]" name="Hungary" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">HUNGARY</collectingCountry>
: Matrafured, ex galls collected
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FC5DFA8B186A1FE2" box="[911,1024,1385,1411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2006-06-08">8.VI.2006</date>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FBFCFA8B18F91FE2" box="[1070,1171,1385,1411]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FBFCFA8B18F91FE2" box="[1070,1171,1385,1411]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Q. cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, labels CEH15976 and Andtru9 (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FED6FA6F1D3A1FC6" box="[260,336,1421,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">GSPC</collectionCode>
). Six of these recently collected individuals were also used for DNA sequencing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFDBFFFDFF15FA531ED019E0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="460" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFDBFFF3FF15FA531F871D52" blockId="7.[151,1437,520,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
Sexual generation specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FDFCFA531F7D1FAA" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[558,791,1457,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FDFCFA531F7D1FAA" box="[558,791,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discovered through laboratory experiments and described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFDBFFF3FF69FA371DF31F8E" author="Sottile, S. &amp; Cerasa, G. &amp; Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G." box="[187,409,1493,1519]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" pagination="210 - 232" refId="ref17717" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G. (2023) The experimental life cycle closure of Andricus truncicolus (Giraud, 1859) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) and taxonomic description of its sexual generation. Zootaxa, 5296 (2), 210-232. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.4" type="journal article" year="2023">
Sottile
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FED9FA341D2E1F8E" box="[267,324,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">et al.</emphasis>
(2023)
</bibRefCitation>
:
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FE77FA371DA11F8E" box="[421,459,1493,1519]" count="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">8♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FE05FA371E421F8E" box="[471,552,1493,1519]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFDBFFF3FDE1FA371EC31F8E" box="[563,681,1493,1519]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
, Cinisello Balsamo (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FC40FA371FD31F8E" box="[914,953,1493,1519]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14381" name="Università degli Studi di Milano" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="Herbarium">MI</collectionCode>
), ex galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FB98FA37188D1F8E" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1098,1255,1493,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FB98FA37188D1F8E" box="[1098,1255,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sex) in contact chamber on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FECCFA1B1DA81C72" box="[286,450,1529,1555]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FECCFA1B1DA81C72" box="[286,450,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(labelled as “Cerro A”), emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FCE4FA1B1FBB1C75" box="[822,977,1529,1556]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2022-06-08" valueMax="2022-06-15" valueMin="2022-06-08">8–15.VI.2022</date>
(samples N.4521–N.4522), S. Sottile leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FF4DF9FF1C841C56" box="[159,238,1565,1591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">GCPC</collectionCode>
), one also used for DNA work;
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FD83F9FF1EEC1C56" box="[593,646,1565,1591]" count="40" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">40♀</specimenCount>
: with the same label, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FC32F9FF18141C59" box="[992,1150,1565,1592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2022-06-08" valueMax="2022-06-15" valueMin="2022-06-08">8–15.VI.2022</date>
, but (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FB6EF9FF19691C56" box="[1212,1283,1565,1591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">SSPC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FAC5F9FF19501C56" box="[1303,1338,1565,1591]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
with the same label, deposited (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FE41F9A31D861C3A" box="[403,492,1601,1627]" country="Libya" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">NHML</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FE2CF9A31E591C3A" box="[510,563,1601,1627]" count="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">30♀</specimenCount>
: with the same label, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FC56F9A318481C3D" box="[900,1058,1601,1628]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2022-06-08" valueMax="2022-06-15" valueMin="2022-06-08">8–15.VI.2022</date>
, but (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FB8CF9A318AA1C3A" box="[1118,1216,1601,1627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">MCLSS</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FB00F9A318921C3A" box="[1234,1272,1601,1627]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
: with the same label, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FE93F9871DB51CE1" box="[321,479,1637,1664]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2022-06-08" valueMax="2022-06-15" valueMin="2022-06-08">8–15.VI.2022</date>
, but (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FDC9F9871E1B1C1E" box="[539,625,1637,1663]" country="Italy" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">MCSN</collectionCode>
).
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FD50F9871EC31C1E" box="[642,681,1637,1663]" count="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">6♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FD61F9871F6E1C1E" box="[691,772,1637,1663]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFDBFFF3FCDCF9871FEE1C1E" box="[782,900,1637,1663]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
, Gessate (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FC21F98718701C1E" box="[1011,1050,1637,1663]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14381" name="Università degli Studi di Milano" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="Herbarium">MI</collectionCode>
), ex galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FB74F98719281C1E" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1190,1346,1637,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FB74F98719281C1E" box="[1190,1346,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sex) in contact chamber on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FEAAF96B1E771CC2" box="[376,541,1673,1699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FEAAF96B1E771CC2" box="[376,541,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(labelled as “Cerro Fiorio”), emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FC19F96B180C1CC2" box="[971,1126,1673,1699]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2022-06-06" valueMax="2022-06-13" valueMin="2022-06-06">6–13.VI.2022</date>
(samples N.4568–N.4539), S. Sottile leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FE97F94F1DFE1CA6" box="[325,404,1709,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">GCPC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FE78F94F1DB51CA6" box="[426,479,1709,1735]" count="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">18♂</specimenCount>
: with the same label, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FC95F94F1F8E1CA6" box="[839,996,1709,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2022-06-06" valueMax="2022-06-13" valueMin="2022-06-06">6–13.VI.2022</date>
, but (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FBFAF94F18011CA6" box="[1064,1131,1709,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">SSPC</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FB46F94F189F1CA6" box="[1172,1269,1709,1735]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">MCLSS</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FAD8F94F195B1CA6" box="[1290,1329,1709,1735]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
: with the same label, emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FE51F9331E4A1C8A" box="[387,544,1745,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2022-06-06" valueMax="2022-06-13" valueMin="2022-06-06">6–13.VI.2022</date>
, but (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FD8DF9331EDF1C8A" box="[607,693,1745,1771]" country="Italy" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">MCSN</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FD1AF9331E961C8A" box="[712,764,1745,1771]" count="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFDBFFF3FCD5F9331F321C8A" box="[775,856,1745,1771]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">ITALY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFDBFFF3FCB0F9331FB21C8A" box="[866,984,1745,1771]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
, Gessate (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FB9BF933181A1C8A" box="[1097,1136,1745,1771]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14381" name="Università degli Studi di Milano" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="Herbarium">MI</collectionCode>
), ex galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FB2DF93319F61C8A" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1279,1436,1745,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FB2DF93319F61C8A" box="[1279,1436,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sex) in contact chamber on
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFDBFFF3FE03F9171E1C1D6E" box="[465,630,1781,1807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFDBFFF3FE03F9171E1C1D6E" box="[465,630,1781,1807]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(labelled as “Cerro Fiorio”), emerged
<date id="FFAABBA9FFDBFFF3FBF0F91718A61D71" box="[1058,1228,1781,1808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" value="2023-06-10" valueMax="2023-06-15" valueMin="2023-06-10">10–15.VI.2023</date>
(samples N.4899– N.4902), S. Sottile leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FE7AF8FB1D851D52" box="[424,495,1817,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">SSPC</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D1256E0FFDBFFF3FDD0F8FB1E4C1D52" box="[514,550,1817,1843]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
with same label but deposited (
<collectionCode id="ED0505ACFFDBFFF3FC5AF8FB1F8B1D52" box="[904,993,1817,1843]" country="Libya" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">NHML</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6BCDE1FFD4FFFCFF45F87518D91D99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215356" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15215356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215356/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" startId="8.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD4FFFCFF45F87518D91D99" blockId="8.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD4FFFCFF45F8751D571DCE" bold="true" box="[151,317,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">FIGURES 1–9.</emphasis>
1, 2, Young asexual gall of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD4FFFCFDB5F87A1F571DD1" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[615,829,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD4FFFCFDB5F87A1F571DD1" box="[615,829,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two successive growth phases and 3, sexual gall of the same species; 4, 5, young asexual gall of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD4FFFCFD95F85E1F6C1DB5" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[583,774,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD4FFFCFD95F85E1F6C1DB5" box="[583,774,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Andricus conificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two successive growth phases and 6, sexual gall of the same species;7–9, general appearance and dissection of sexual galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD4FFFCFCFCF80218361D99" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[814,1116,2016,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD4FFFCFCFCF80218361D99" box="[814,1116,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Andricus pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD4FFFCFBB0F80218D91D99" box="[1122,1203,2016,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFDFF15FF751FDD1B94" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF15FF751DCB1AD0" bold="true" box="[199,417,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Molecular results.</emphasis>
All individuals identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFD21FF751FF91AD0" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[755,915,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFD21FF751FF91AD0" box="[755,915,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clustered together within the host-alternating
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFF45FF591C961AB4" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,252,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF45FF591C961AB4" box="[151,252,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phylogeny, and as a sister group to the very similar Middle Eastern species
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFBB0FF591CA51A98" authority="Melika, 2008" authorityName="Melika" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatruncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFBB0FF5919541AB4" box="[1122,1342,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. megatruncicolus</emphasis>
Melika, 2008
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD5FFFDFF0FFF3D1D5A1A98" box="[221,304,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,182,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 42. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of selected Western Palaearctic Andricus species, based on a concatenation of cytochrome b and long-wavelength opsin DNA sequences. Numbers above nodes provide ultra-fast bootstrap support values; terminal names correspond to individuals whose details are in Table 1. Shaded boxes indicate the limits of focal taxa discussed in the main text: A. truncicolus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated), A. conificus (sexual and asexual individuals indicated) and A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215366/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
); asexual individuals had been identified based on their distinctive gall morphology, sexual individuals (
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFF73FEE11D3F1B7C" box="[161,341,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF73FEE11D3F1B7C" box="[161,341,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were identified through comparison of adult morphology with
<typeStatus id="54AF23CBFFD5FFFDFB90FEE118181B7C" box="[1090,1138,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">type</typeStatus>
material. Cytb sequences between asexual and sexual generation individuals differed on average by 0.52% (range 0.23–1.01%), a comparable level of divergence to that expected within a
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFD58FEA91E861B04" box="[650,748,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
species (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFCAFFEA918301B04" author="Nicholls, J. A. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Digweed, S. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[893,1114,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref16704" refString="Nicholls, J. A., Melika, G., Digweed, S. C &amp; Stone, G. N. (2022) Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini). Zootaxa, 5145 (1), 1-79. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5145.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Nicholls
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFC30FEA918791B04" box="[994,1043,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
) and similar to that observed among individuals within a single generation of this species (0–0.69%). ITS2 sequences among
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFB29FE8D19F61BE8" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1275,1436,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFB29FE8D19F61BE8" box="[1275,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individuals of either generation also clustered together (with one asexual individual having an identical sequence to one sexual individual); the only differences were in the number of repeated bases at two mononucleotide repeats, which again is a pattern expected for within-species variation (
<figureCitation id="132F81ECFFD5FFFDFC84FE391FC01B94" box="[854,938,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="19.[151,250,757,781]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,733]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,733]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 43. Maximum likelihood phylogenies of selected Western Palaearctic Andricus species based on ITS2 sequence data: a. species allied to A. pseudomultiplicatus sp. nov.; and b. species in the hartigi-clade of host-alternating Andricus. Numbers above nodes provide ultra-fast bootstrap support values; terminal names correspond to individuals whose details are in Table 1. Shaded boxes indicate the limits of focal taxa discussed in the main text." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15215368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15215368/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFDFF15FE1D1ED019E0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF15FE1D1F391878" bold="true" box="[199,851,510,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Nomenclatural considerations for species synonymy.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFCB3FE1D186D1878" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[865,1031,510,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud (1859)</bibRefCitation>
described both
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFB1FFE1D19F61878" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1229,1436,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFB1FFE1D19F61878" box="[1229,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Cynips truncicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFF18FDC11DA1185C" box="[202,459,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF18FDC11DA1185C" box="[202,459,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same work (at pages 345 and 360, respectively).
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFBB3FDC11946185C" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[1121,1324,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFBB3FDC11946185C" box="[1121,1324,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Cynips truncicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was then transferred by
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFE92FDA51E071800" author="Rohwer, S. A. &amp; Fagan, M. M." box="[320,621,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="357 - 380" refId="ref17199" refString="Rohwer, S. A. &amp; Fagan, M. M. (1917) The type-species of the genera of the Cynipoidea, or the gall wasps and parasitic cynipoids. Proceedings of the United States Natural History Museum, 53 (2208), 357-380. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.2208.357" type="journal article" year="1917">Rohwer and Fagan (1917)</bibRefCitation>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFD44FDA51E801800" box="[662,746,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Adleria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFD44FDA51E801800" box="[662,746,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Adleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus subsequently synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFB02FDA5195F1800" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1232,1333,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFB02FDA5195F1800" box="[1232,1333,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFA94FDA51C8C18E4" author="Benson, R. B." pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="195 - 221" refId="ref13808" refString="Benson, R. B. (1953) Revision of Nomenclature. In: Marsden-Jones, E. M. A study of the life-cycle of Adleria kollari Hartig, the Marble or Devonshire gall. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 104 (7), 195-221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1953.tb01259.x" type="journal article" year="1953">Benson (1953)</bibRefCitation>
. According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFC32FD89180D18E4" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[992,1127,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref15453" refString="ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 305 pp. Available from: https://www.iczn.org/assets/63c4277759/Updates-to-print-Code4.pdf (accessed 31 May 2021)" type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
), the priority in these cases is determined by the action of the First Reviewer (Art. 24.2). Since there is no apparent reason why one of the two names should better ensure the stability and universality of the nomenclature than the other, according to the Code (Recommendation 24A), we assign priority to
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFCFBFD3518A11890" authority="(Giraud, 1859)" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[809,1227,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFCFBFD35187C1890" box="[809,1046,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFBFBFD3518A91890" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[1065,1219,726,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and consequently
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFF45FD191E441974" authority="Giraud, 1859" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,558,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF45FD191DFE1974" box="[151,404,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus multiplicatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFE49FD191E441974" author="Giraud, J. E." box="[411,558,762,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="337 - 374" refId="ref15117" refString="Giraud, J. E. (1859) Signalements de quelques especes nouvelles de Cynipides et de leurs Galles. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 9, 337-374." type="journal article" year="1859">Giraud, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
becomes its new synonym. Our justification to assign priority to
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFAD2FD1919F61974" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1280,1436,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFAD2FD1919F61974" box="[1280,1436,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is because the agamic generation gall of this species is easily distinguishable from the agamic galls of other species in the same species group, including
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFDEBFCA11ED7193C" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[569,701,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conificus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFDEBFCA11ED7193C" box="[569,701,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. conificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the sexual generation galls induced by many of these taxa are almost indistinguishable (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFE32FC851EC419E0" author="Sottile, S. &amp; Cerasa, G. &amp; Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G." box="[480,686,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref17649" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G. (2022) Andricus cydoniae Giraud, 1859 Junior Synonym of Cynips conifica Hartig, 1843, as Experimentally Demonstrated (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Insects, 13 (2), 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13020200" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Sottile
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFDE0FC851E0919E0" box="[562,611,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al</emphasis>
. 2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30ECEE2FFD5FFFDFF15FC6818501FFC" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFDFF15FC6819E31EA4" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF15FC681D0B19C5" bold="true" box="[199,353,906,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFEB8FC691E3C19C4" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[362,598,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFEB8FC691E3C19C4" box="[362,598,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species of wide distribution in the central and eastern regions of the Western Palaearctic:
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFEA9FC4D1DA719A8" box="[379,461,943,969]" name="Austria" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Austria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFE0BFC4D1F6619A8" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Kieffer, J. J." box="[473,780,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref14672" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 24. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, 891 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1077" type="book" year="1910">Dalla Torre &amp;Kieffer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFCCEFC4D1FCF19A8" box="[796,933,943,969]" name="Montenegro" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFC63FC4D18B719A8" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Kieffer, J. J." box="[945,1245,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref14672" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 24. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, 891 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1077" type="book" year="1910">Dalla Torre &amp;Kieffer 1910</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFB3FFC4D19F619A8" box="[1261,1436,943,969]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFF4DFC311D57198C" author="Kierych, E." box="[159,317,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref15802" refString="Kierych, E. (1979) Galasowkowate, Cynipoidea. Katalog fauny Polski, Warsaw, 26 (2), 1-103." type="journal article" year="1979">Kierych 1979</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFE9DFC311DC5198C" box="[335,431,979,1005]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(Vassileva-Smnalieva 1974, 1985, 1991),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFC55FC311F83198C" box="[903,1001,979,1005]" name="Hungary" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Hungary</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFC24FC3118F9198C" author="Ambrus, B." box="[1014,1171,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref13783" refString="Ambrus, B. (1974) Cynipida-Gubacsok-Cecidia Cynipidarum. Fauna Hungariae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, XII pp. [in Hungarian]" type="book" year="1974">Ambrus 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFB4CFC31195A198C" author="Melika, G." box="[1182,1328,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref16256" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (2), 301-644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFA90FC3119F6198C" box="[1346,1436,979,1005]" name="Ukraine" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
only from the Transcarpathian Region (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFD8FFC151F0B1E70" author="Csoka, G. &amp; Melika, G." box="[605,865,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="241 - 245" refId="ref14428" refString="Csoka, G. &amp; Melika, G. (1993) The oak gall-maker cynipid fauna (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of the Upper (Transcarpathia) and the Lower Tysa (North Hungary). In Melika, G. (Ed.) The East Carpathians fauna: its present state and prospects of preservation. Proceedings of International Conference (Uzhgorod, September, 1993). Patent, Uzhgorod, pp. 241-245." type="book chapter" year="1993">Csóka &amp; Melika 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFCA2FC15186F1E70" author="Melika, G." box="[880,1029,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref16256" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (2), 301-644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFBC9FC1518EA1E70" box="[1051,1152,1015,1041]" name="Romania" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Romania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFB43FC1519441E70" author="Ionescu, A. M." box="[1169,1326,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref15548" refString="Ionescu, A. M. (1973) Biologia Galelor. Monografie Cecidologica. [Biology of Gall inducers. Monography on Cecidology]. Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania Press, Bucuresti, 178 pp. [in Romanian]" type="book" year="1973">Ionescu 1973</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFA96FC1519F71E70" box="[1348,1437,1015,1041]" name="Albania" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Albania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFF4DFBF91D5D1E54" author="Melika, G." box="[159,311,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref16256" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (2), 301-644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFE9CFBF91DF61E54" box="[334,412,1051,1077]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Poland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFE7DFBF91E381E54" author="Kierych, E." box="[431,594,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref15802" refString="Kierych, E. (1979) Galasowkowate, Cynipoidea. Katalog fauny Polski, Warsaw, 26 (2), 1-103." type="journal article" year="1979">Kierych 1979</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFDB8FBF91ED31E54" box="[618,697,1051,1077]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Greece</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFD19FBF91F0E1E54" author="Melika, G." box="[715,868,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref16256" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (2), 301-644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFCA9FBF91FA91E54" box="[891,963,1051,1077]" name="Serbia" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Serbia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFC07FBF918E11E54" author="Markovic, C." box="[981,1163,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref16025" refString="Markovic, C. (2014) Contribution to knowledge of the fauna of Cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of Mt. Jastrebac (Serbia). Acta Entomologica Serbica, 19 (1 - 2), 63-72." type="journal article" year="2014">Marković 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFB48FBF918BC1E54" author="Markovic, C." box="[1178,1238,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="177 - 193" refId="ref16070" refString="Markovic, C. (2022) Survey of cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Serbia. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 24 (2), 177-193. https://doi.org/10.51963/jers.v24i2.2213" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFB3CFBF9192A1E54" box="[1262,1344,1051,1077]" name="Croatia" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFA81FBF91CBB1E38" author="Kwast, E." pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="223 - 245" refId="ref15828" refString="Kwast, E. (2012) A contribution to the fauna of Cynipidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of Croatia with a description of an asexual female of Andricus korlevici (Kieffer, 1902) nov. comb. Natura Croatica, 21, 223-245." type="journal article" year="2012">Kwast 2012</bibRefCitation>
) including Cres-Lošinj Archipelago (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFDA0FBDD1F631E38" author="Tomasi, E." box="[626,777,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="153 - 268" refId="ref18272" refString="Tomasi, E. (2019) Indagine cecidologica dell'isola di Cres-Losinj (Cherso-Lussino) (Hrvatska, Adriatic Sea, NE). Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste, 60 (12), 153-268." type="journal article" year="2019">Tomasi 2019</bibRefCitation>
), Slovakian Republic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFBD4FBDD18CF1E38" author="Kierych, E." box="[1030,1189,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref15802" refString="Kierych, E. (1979) Galasowkowate, Cynipoidea. Katalog fauny Polski, Warsaw, 26 (2), 1-103." type="journal article" year="1979">Kierych 1979</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFB6AFBDD189C1E38" box="[1208,1270,1087,1113]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Israel</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFAD6FBDD19F21E38" author="Melika, G." box="[1284,1432,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref16256" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (2), 301-644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFF45FB811D151E1C" author="Sharchar, E. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Inbar, M. &amp; Dorchin, N." box="[151,383,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="451 - 498" refId="ref17299" refString="Sharchar, E., Melika, G., Inbar, M. &amp; Dorchin, N. (2018) The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history. Zootaxa, 4521 (4), 451-498. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Sharchar
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFED0FB811D511E1C" box="[258,315,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFE41FB811DA41E1C" box="[403,462,1123,1149]" name="Syria" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Syria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFE0FFB811E181E1C" author="Melika, G." box="[477,626,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref16256" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (2), 301-644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFD57FB811EB41E1C" box="[645,734,1123,1149]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFD3FFB81184D1E1C" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Kieffer, J. J." box="[749,1063,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref14672" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 24. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, 891 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1077" type="book" year="1910">Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer 1910</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFBE6FB8118AD1E1C" author="Melika, G." box="[1076,1223,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref16256" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (2), 301-644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
; KatılmıŞ &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFA8AFB811CBE1EC0" author="Kiyak, S." pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="31 - 32" refId="ref15656" refString="KatilmiS, Y. &amp; Kiyak, S. (2008) Checklist of Cynipidae of Turkey with a new genus record. Journal of Natural History, 42 (31-32), 2161 - 2167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930802148981" type="journal article" year="2008">Kıyak 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Within
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFEEEFB651D1A1EC0" box="[316,368,1159,1185]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Italy</collectingCountry>
, it is known from the northern and southern regions, including
<collectingRegion id="49D0538BFFD5FFFDFB93FB6518E81EC0" box="[1089,1154,1159,1185]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Sicily</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFB41FB6519251EC0" author="De Stefani, T." box="[1171,1359,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref14721" refString="De Stefani, T. (1889) Cinipidi e loro galle. Atti della Reale Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Belle Arti di Palermo, 10, 12." type="journal volume" year="1889">De Stefani 1889</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFA8EFB6519FD1EC0" author="De Stefani, T." box="[1372,1431,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="233 - 249" refId="ref14752" refString="De Stefani, T. (1894) Descrizione di alcune galle e catalogo dei Cinipidi trovati in Sicilia. Naturalista Siciliano, 13, 233-249." type="journal article" year="1894">1894</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFF45FB491DA71EA4" author="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,461,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref14672" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. &amp; Kieffer, J. J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 24. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, 891 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1077" type="book" year="1910">Dalla Torre &amp; Kieffer 1910</bibRefCitation>
; Cerasa
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFDFEFB491E0E1EA4" box="[556,612,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
2016;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFD63FB491FBB1EA4" author="Cerasa, G. &amp; Lo Verde, G." box="[689,977,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="841 - 849" refId="ref14006" refString="Cerasa, G. &amp; Lo Verde, G. (2021) Naturalization and spread of the alien species Ozognathus cornutus (LeConte, 1859) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae: Ernobiinae) in Italy. Phytoparasitica, 49, 841-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-021-00923-x" type="journal article" year="2021">Cerasa &amp; Lo Verde, 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFC0FFB4918CC1EA4" author="Massa, B. &amp; Cerasa, G. &amp; Pagliano, G." box="[989,1190,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" refId="ref16121" refString="Massa, B., Cerasa, G. &amp; Pagliano, G. (2021) Insecta Hymenoptera Cynipidae. In: Bologna, M. A., Zapparoli, M., Oliverio, M., Minelli, A., Bonato, L., Cianferoni, F. &amp; Stoch, F. (Eds.), Checklist of the Italian Fauna. Version 1.0. Last update 31 May 2021. Available from: https://www.lifewatchitaly.eu/en/initiatives/checklist-fauna-italia-en/checklist/ (accessed 20 January 2023)" type="url" year="2021">
Massa
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFBFEFB49180E1EA4" box="[1068,1124,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFB63FB4919171EA4" author="Sottile, S. &amp; Cerasa, G. &amp; Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G." box="[1201,1405,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="210 - 232" refId="ref17717" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G. (2023) The experimental life cycle closure of Andricus truncicolus (Giraud, 1859) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) and taxonomic description of its sexual generation. Zootaxa, 5296 (2), 210-232. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.4" type="journal article" year="2023">
Sottile
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFAD3FB4919501EA4" box="[1281,1338,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9D69FFD5FFFDFF15FB2D18501FFC" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
Records from the Slovakian Republic,
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFD59FB2D1EA31E88" box="[651,713,1231,1257]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Israel</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFCD4FB2D1F2B1E88" box="[774,833,1231,1257]" name="Syria" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Syria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFC81FB2D1F9F1E88" author="Kierych, E." box="[851,1013,1231,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref15802" refString="Kierych, E. (1979) Galasowkowate, Cynipoidea. Katalog fauny Polski, Warsaw, 26 (2), 1-103." type="journal article" year="1979">Kierych 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFBD6FB2D18F31E88" author="Melika, G." box="[1028,1177,1231,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref16256" refString="Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (2), 301-644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFB75FB2D19FF1E88" author="Sharchar, E. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Inbar, M. &amp; Dorchin, N." box="[1191,1429,1231,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="451 - 498" refId="ref17299" refString="Sharchar, E., Melika, G., Inbar, M. &amp; Dorchin, N. (2018) The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history. Zootaxa, 4521 (4), 451-498. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Sharchar
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFAC7FB2D193B1E88" box="[1301,1361,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
) should be considered doubtful, and must be reconfirmed on the basis of adults because they refer only to the sexual generation of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFE52FAF51E771F50" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[384,541,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFE52FAF51E771F50" box="[384,541,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFDEFFAF51E841F50" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" box="[573,750,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multiplicatus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFDEFFAF51E841F50" box="[573,750,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. multiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) which may have been confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFB4EFAF519F71F50" authorityName="Sottile &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Cerasa" authorityYear="2025" box="[1180,1437,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomultiplicatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFB4EFAF519F71F50" box="[1180,1437,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. pseudomultiplicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFF45FAD91C981F34" bold="true" box="[151,242,1339,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253FC00FFD5FFFDFF45FAD91C981F34" box="[151,242,1339,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; also the data from
<collectingCountry id="F303DDF9FFD5FFFDFE08FAD91E591F34" box="[474,563,1339,1365]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
should be reconfirmed with adults because the asexual generation gall of
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFA56FAD91D7F1F18" authorityName="S. Sottile" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFA56FAD91D7F1F18" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. truncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C14E6EAFFD5FFFDFE7CFABD1EE01F18" authorityName="Melika" authorityYear="2008" box="[430,650,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatruncicolus">
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFE7CFABD1EE01F18" box="[430,650,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">A. megatruncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFD48FABD1FEE1F18" author="Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Sadeghi, S. E. &amp; Penzes, Z. &amp; Assareh, M. A. &amp; Atkinson, R. S. &amp; Bechtold, M. &amp; Miko, I. &amp; Zargaran, M. R. &amp; Aligolizade, D. &amp; Barimani, H. &amp; Bihari, P. &amp; Fulop, D. &amp; Somogyi, K. &amp; Challis, R. &amp; Preuss, S. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[666,900,1375,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref18132" refString="Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S. E., Penzes, Z., Assareh, M. A., Atkinson, R. S., Bechtold, M., Miko, I., Zargaran, M. R., Aligolizade, D., Barimani, H., Bihari, P., Fulop, D., Somogyi, K., Challis, R., Preuss, S., Nicholls, J. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2008) New species of oak gallwasps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 1699 (1), 1-64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1699.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Tavakoli
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFCD4FABD1F2A1F18" box="[774,832,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF85E098FFD5FFFDFC43FABD180A1F18" author="Sottile, S. &amp; Cerasa, G. &amp; Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G." box="[913,1120,1375,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="460" pagination="210 - 232" refId="ref17717" refString="Sottile, S., Cerasa, G., Massa, B. &amp; Lo Verde, G. (2023) The experimental life cycle closure of Andricus truncicolus (Giraud, 1859) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) and taxonomic description of its sexual generation. Zootaxa, 5296 (2), 210-232. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5296.2.4" type="journal article" year="2023">
Sottile
<emphasis id="B960417BFFD5FFFDFC31FABD18771F18" box="[995,1053,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="460">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
) and when the galls are the same size it is impossible to distinguish these species on the basis of the gall alone.
</paragraph>
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. T pedibus pinniformibus, testa cordata subcarinata serrata scutellis imbricatis, cauda squamata.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FC4AFC9AFB89AC37" box="[994,1066,865,893]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Gron</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FE84FC7FFEDCACE2" box="[300,383,900,936]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">zoopb</emphasis>
. 7 2.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FEA2FC61FEF2AC9F" box="[266,337,922,981]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Bont.</emphasis>
¡sav 82..
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Testudo squamata. Caretta.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FEBBFC3AFDB4ACA2" box="[275,535,961,1000]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Tetre antill 2 p</emphasis>
. 229n.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FD02FC3AFD6FACA2" bold="true" box="[682,716,961,1000]" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">24</emphasis>
. Caret.
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<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FEA1FC10FE9DAB47" box="[265,318,1003,1037]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Raj</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FEF3FC11FE0EAB45" box="[347,429,1002,1039]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">quadr</emphasis>
258. Testudo
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<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FEA4FBF6FDA7AB62" box="[268,516,1037,1064]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Habitat in Mari</emphasis>
Americano, Asiatico.
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<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FEA1FBD5FDBBAB19" box="[265,536,1070,1107]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Lamella artificum</emphasis>
ex
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<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FDF0FBD4FD23AB00" box="[600,640,1071,1098]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">hac</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FD30FBD4FCE1AB18" box="[664,834,1071,1106]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">desumuntur</emphasis>
</emphasis>
.
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<paragraph id="8BC636B4FFCBFFB0FF59FDE3FD17AD1B" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">l. T pedibus pinniformibus muticis, testa coriacea cauda angulis septem exaratis..</paragraph>
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Testudo coriacca.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FD83FDACFC8FAD39" box="[555,812,599,630]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FD83FDACFD02AD3C" bold="true" box="[555,673,599,630]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Vandell</emphasis>
ad Linn
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FCE0FDACFC06AD3E" box="[840,933,599,628]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Patav</emphasis>
. 1761.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FBB0FDA4FB90AD31" bold="true" box="[1048,1075,607,635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">4.</emphasis>
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Testudo coriacea s. mercurii.
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.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FC9BFD87FCCEADD5" box="[819,877,636,671]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">pise</emphasis>
. 450.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FC4FFD81FB88ADD4" box="[999,1067,634,670]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Gesn</emphasis>
.
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<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FEA2FD3BFE0BAD9D" box="[266,424,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Habitat in</emphasis>
Mari mediterraneo,
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FD41FD3BFCCFAD94" bold="true" box="[745,876,704,734]" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Adriatico</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FCDDFD3CFC69AD90" box="[885,970,711,730]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">varius</emphasis>
.
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<paragraph id="8BC636B4FFCBFFB0FEA2FD26FE39AC6E" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FEA2FD26FEF6AC48" bold="true" box="[266,341,733,770]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">Testa</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FECCFD12FE7DADB0" box="[356,478,735,762]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">non tecta</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FE51FD25FDCCAC48" box="[505,623,734,770]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">scutellis</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FD3CFD24FCB5ADB1" box="[660,790,735,769]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">sed corio</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FCEAFD24FB8EAC4E" bold="true" box="[834,1069,733,772]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">pluribus angulis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90DEAA6FFCBFFB0FE85FCFAFE37AC6E" box="[301,404,769,804]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="38">dorsata</emphasis>
.
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@ -95,21 +97,19 @@ Ashrafi
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<materialsCitation id="3B3D5861C519081E2BA7FBCEE992FB62" collectedFrom="from burrow in sandy bottom" collectingDate="2007-08-29" collectorName="Z. Duris." country="Vietnam" county="Nhatrang Bay" elevation="3" latitude="12.2735" location="Hon Chong Beach, N. of Nhatrang" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="109.2055" municipality="Nhatrang Bay" pageId="6" pageNumber="411" specimenCode="MNHN-IU-2013-11109" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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:
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non-ovig. specimen (cl
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07-40,
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of
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,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F34212ACC519081E286DFB22E9ABFB0D" box="[590,688,1178,1204]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
@ -123,7 +123,9 @@ of
<quantity id="4CADFFD9C519081E2EF0FB22EE1AFB0C" box="[1235,1281,1178,1205]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="411" unit="m" value="3.0">
<elevation id="0078B50FC519081E2EF0FB22EE1AFB0C" box="[1235,1281,1178,1205]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="411" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
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, from burrow in sandy bottom, yabby pump; leg.
,
<collectedFrom id="384911C1C519081E2F2EFB22EA55FB61" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">from burrow in sandy bottom</collectedFrom>
, yabby pump; leg.
<collectorName id="26A037EAC519081E2807FB07E992FB62" box="[548,649,1215,1243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="411">Z. Ďuriš.</collectorName>
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</paragraph>
@ -261,7 +263,6 @@ Leach, 1814
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locality.
@ -273,9 +274,7 @@ locality.
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<collectingCountry id="F34212ACC515081228EAF8CDE817F836" box="[713,780,1909,1935]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="415">China</collectingCountry>
<collectingCounty id="628B2AB0C51508122930F8CDE820F836" box="[787,827,1909,1935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="415">Sea</collectingCounty>
(present study)
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.
(present study).
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100
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Key to
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<emphasis id="B0946935D669376A44FEF95DFEEDF946" bold="true" box="[241,368,1707,1734]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="434">Rismethus</emphasis>
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species from
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*
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<keyLead id="39111612D669376A4498F906FA01F885" box="[151,1436,1776,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="434">
1. Body smaller, stout, 2.0–
<quantity id="451818C2D669376A45DCF906FD83F886" box="[467,542,1776,1798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="434" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
; lateral angles of elytra angular; hind wings absence............................... 2
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- Body larger, elongate, 2.5–4.0 mm; lateral angles of elytra rounded; hind wings present....................
<taxonomicName id="45E0CEA4D669376A412BF8F8FA01F8A2" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1316,1436,1805,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Rismetlius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scobinula">
<emphasis id="B0946935D669376A412BF8F8FA01F8A2" box="[1316,1436,1805,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="434">R. scobinula</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="39111612D669376A4498F8DDFA01F8C0" box="[151,1436,1835,1857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="434">
2. Body light-colored; middle tooth of hind angle of pronotum sharp and protruding.....................
<taxonomicName id="45E0CEA4D669376A40F8F8DAFAD7F8C0" authorityName="Qiu" authorityYear="2025" box="[1271,1354,1835,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Rismethus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiangi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0946935D669376A40F8F8DAFAD7F8C0" box="[1271,1354,1835,1857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="434">R. jiangi</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B0946935D669376A415FF8DDFA01F8C0" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1835,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="434">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABA7D44ED669376A415FF8DDFA01F8C0" box="[1360,1436,1835,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="434" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<keyLead id="39111612D669376A4498F8BFFA01F8DD" box="[151,1436,1864,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="434">
- Body dark-colored; middle tooth of hind angle of pronotum short and blunt............................
<taxonomicName id="45E0CEA4D669376A411FF8BFFA01F8DD" authorityName="Ohira" authorityYear="1999" box="[1296,1436,1864,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Rismethus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B0946935D669376A411FF8BFFA01F8DD" box="[1296,1436,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="434">R. ryukyuensis</emphasis>
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434
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Key to Brazilian
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species
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FB4982F3FB68" box="[151,1436,1192,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">1 Presence of a pair of eyes or eyespots in one or both sex...................................................... 2</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FB2482F3FB0F" box="[151,1436,1221,1243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">- Eyes absent......................................................................................... 12</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FB0382F3FB22" box="[151,1436,1250,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">2 Carapace almost rectangular, with no or little constriction on the posterior margin.................................. 3</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FAE182F3FAC0" box="[151,1436,1280,1302]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">- Carapace calix shaped, with a strong constriction on the posterior margin....................................... 11</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FAFC82F3FAE7" box="[151,1436,1309,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">3 Presence of a pair of well-developed eyes.................................................................. 4</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FADA82F3FA85" box="[151,1436,1338,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">- Presence of a pair of eyespots or weak developed lens........................................................ 7</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FAB982F3FAB8" box="[151,1436,1368,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
4 Epistome flat, almost absent............................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FB56FAB982F3FAB8" authorityName="von Schimonsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[1217,1436,1368,1389]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lundi">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FB56FAB982F3FAB8" box="[1217,1436,1368,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius lundi</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00FA9482F3FA5E" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1397,1419]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FA9482F3FA5E" box="[151,1436,1397,1419]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">- Epistome projected, dentated or with accessory projections.................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00FA7382F3FA10" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00FA7382F3FA7D" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1426,1448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FA7382F3FA7D" box="[151,1436,1426,1448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">5 Chelal fixed finger with 18–23 acute teeth.................................................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00FA5182F3FA10" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1456,1478]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FA5182F3FA10" box="[151,1436,1456,1478]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
- Chelal fixed finger with approximately 36 teeth.....................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FC3EFA5182F3FA10" authority="Prado &amp; Ferreira 2024" authorityName="Prado &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[937,1436,1456,1478]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itakuatiara">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FC3EFA5183D1FA10" box="[937,1214,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius itakuatiara</emphasis>
Prado &amp; Ferreira 2024
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00FA2C82F3FA2A" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00FA2C82F3FA36" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1485,1507]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FA2C82F3FA36" box="[151,1436,1485,1507]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
6 Teeth of chelal fixed finger with heterodonty (more than one row of teeth)......
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FC6BFA2C82F3FA36" ID-CoL="4NTPM" authority="Hoff 1946" authorityName="Hoff" authorityYear="1946" box="[1020,1436,1485,1507]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterodentatus">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FC6BFA2C825BFA37" box="[1020,1332,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius heterodentatus</emphasis>
Hoff 1946
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00FA0A82F3FA2A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1514,1536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00FA0A82F3FA2A" box="[151,1436,1514,1536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
- Teeth of chelal fixed finger with homodonty (single row of teeth)........
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FC29FA0B82F3FA2A" ID-CoL="4NTPN" authority="Chamberlin 1929" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1929" box="[958,1436,1514,1536]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homodentatus">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FC29FA0B8380FA2A" box="[958,1263,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius homodentatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B90CF69CFFD60319FB62FA0B82F3FA2A" author="Chamberlin, J. C." box="[1269,1436,1514,1536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" pagination="173 - 179" refId="ref8769" refString="Chamberlin, J. C. (1929) The genus Pseudochthonius Balzan (Arachnida - Chelonethida). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 54, 173-179." type="journal article" year="1929">Chamberlin 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00F9E982F3F982" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F9E982F3F9C8" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1544,1566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F9E982F3F9C8" box="[151,1436,1544,1566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">7 Teeth of chelal movable finger numerous, small, constricted and generally projected backwards....................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F9C482F3F982" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F9C482F3F982" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
- Teeth of chelal movable finger few, well-spaced, acute at the middle section and rounded at the base...............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FBF9F9A382F3F982" ID-CoL="6WDM2" authorityName="Muchmore" authorityYear="1970" box="[1134,1436,1602,1623]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orthodactylus">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FBF9F9A382F3F982" box="[1134,1436,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius orthodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00F98182F3F97A" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F98182F3F947" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F98182F3F947" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
8 Chelal movable finger with approximately 24 small, constricted and projected backwards teeth.............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FBBDF99C82F3F947" ID-CoL="4NTQ4" authority="Mahnert 1979" authorityName="Mahnert" authorityYear="1979" box="[1066,1436,1661,1683]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuxeni">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FBBDF99C8260F946" box="[1066,1295,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius tuxeni</emphasis>
Mahnert 1979
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F97A82F3F97A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1690,1712]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F97A82F3F97A" box="[151,1436,1690,1712]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">- Chelal movable finger bearing approximately 30 or more teeth................................................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00F95982F3F93F" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F95982F3F918" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1720,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F95982F3F918" box="[151,1436,1720,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
9 Movable chelal finger heterodentate (alternate dentition)..................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FC77F95982F3F918" ID-CoL="4NTPL" authority="Mahnert, 2001" authorityName="Mahnert" authorityYear="2001" box="[992,1436,1720,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilimanus">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FC77F9598266F918" box="[992,1289,1720,1741]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius gracilimanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B90CF69CFFD60319FA98F95982F3F918" author="Mahnert, V." box="[1295,1436,1720,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" pagination="95 - 148" refId="ref9807" refString="Mahnert, V. (2001) Cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Brazil. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 108 (1), 95-148. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79622" type="journal article" year="2001">Mahnert, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F93482F3F93F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1749,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F93482F3F93F" box="[151,1436,1749,1771]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">- Teeth of movable chelal finger within a single row.......................................................... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00F91382F3F8F0" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F91382F3F8D2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1778,1800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F91382F3F8D2" box="[151,1436,1778,1800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
10 Slender chelae, presence of a cluster of about 6 small teeth at the tip of fixed finger.............
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FB33F91382F3F8D2" ID-CoL="4NTPX" authorityName="Mahnert" authorityYear="2001" box="[1188,1436,1778,1799]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ricardoi">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FB33F91382F3F8D2" box="[1188,1436,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius ricardoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F8F182F3F8F0" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1808,1830]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F8F182F3F8F0" box="[151,1436,1808,1830]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
- Robust chelae, absence of cluster of small teeth at the tip of fixed finger..........
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FB98F8F182F3F8F0" ID-CoL="6WDLQ" authority="Beier, 1970" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1970" box="[1039,1436,1808,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FB98F8F18247F8F0" box="[1039,1320,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius brasiliensis</emphasis>
Beier, 1970
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00F8CC82F2F88A" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F8CC82F3F897" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1837,1859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F8CC82F3F897" box="[151,1436,1837,1859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
11 Rallum with 7 pinnate blades.........................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FCB9F8CC82F3F897" authority="Assis, Schimonsky &amp; Bichuette, 2021" authorityName="Assis, Schimonsky &amp; Bichuette" authorityYear="2021" box="[814,1436,1837,1859]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramalho">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FCB9F8CC8346F897" box="[814,1065,1837,1858]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius ramalho</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B90CF69CFFD60319FBB8F8CC82F3F897" author="Assis, L. de &amp; von Schimonsky, D. M. &amp; Bichuette, M. E." box="[1071,1436,1837,1859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" pagination="109 - 128" refId="ref8412" refString="Assis, L. de, von Schimonsky, D. M. &amp; Bichuette, M. E. (2021) The first troglobitic Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from the karst area of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil: a threatened species. Subterranean Biology, 40, 109-128. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.40.77451" type="journal article" year="2021">Assis, Schimonsky &amp; Bichuette, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F8AA82F2F88A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1437,1866,1888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F8AA82F2F88A" box="[151,1437,1866,1888]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
- Rallum with 9 pinnated blades......................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FB03F8AB82F2F88A" ID-CoL="4NTPD" authorityName="Mahnert" authorityYear="2001" box="[1172,1437,1866,1887]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biseriatus">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FB03F8AB82F2F88A" box="[1172,1437,1866,1887]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius biseriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00F88982F3F84F" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F88982F3F8A8" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1896,1918]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F88982F3F8A8" box="[151,1436,1896,1918]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
12 Trichobothrium
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FEE8F88986FFF8A8" box="[383,400,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">et</emphasis>
closer to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FE79F8898694F8A8" box="[494,507,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">it</emphasis>
than to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FDDDF889848AF8A8" box="[586,997,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">dx................................</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FC7FF88982F3F8A8" authority="Prado &amp; Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[1000,1436,1896,1918]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pali">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FC7FF88983D8F8A8" box="[1000,1207,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius pali</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B90CF69CFFD60319FB29F88982F3F8A8" author="Prado, G. C. &amp; Ferreira, R. L." box="[1214,1436,1896,1918]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" pagination="92 - 110" refId="ref10164" refString="Prado, G. C. &amp; Ferreira, R. L. (2023) Three new troglobitic species of Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 5249 (1), 92-110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5" type="journal article" year="2023">Prado &amp; Ferreira, 2023</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F86482F3F84F" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,1925,1947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F86482F3F84F" box="[151,1436,1925,1947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
- Trichobothrium
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FEE8F86786FFF84E" box="[383,400,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">et</emphasis>
closer to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FE79F864856AF84F" box="[494,517,1925,1946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">dx</emphasis>
than to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FDC4F8678212F84E" box="[595,1405,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">it..................................................................</emphasis>
13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD60319FF00F84382F3F827" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F84382F3F800" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F84382F3F800" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
13 Trichobothrium
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FEE8F84286F9F86D" box="[383,406,1955,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">ist</emphasis>
closer to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FE63F8428560F86D" box="[500,527,1955,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">est</emphasis>
than to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FDCBF8438513F862" box="[604,636,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">esb</emphasis>
(shown by the ratio of the trichobothria
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FB95F8428350F86D" box="[1026,1087,1955,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">ist–est</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FBD1F84283E7F862" box="[1094,1160,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">ist–esb</emphasis>
&lt;1.0..........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD60319FC18F82182F3F800" authority="Prado &amp; Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[911,1436,1984,2006]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koinopoliteia">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FC18F82183D7F800" box="[911,1208,1984,2005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">Pseudochthonius koinopoliteia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B90CF69CFFD60319FB29F82182F3F800" author="Prado, G. C. &amp; Ferreira, R. L." box="[1214,1436,1984,2006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65" pagination="92 - 110" refId="ref10164" refString="Prado, G. C. &amp; Ferreira, R. L. (2023) Three new troglobitic species of Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 5249 (1), 92-110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5" type="journal article" year="2023">Prado &amp; Ferreira, 2023</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD60319FF00F83C82F3F827" blockId="13.[151,1437,1192,2035]" box="[151,1436,2013,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD60319FF00F83C82F3F827" box="[151,1436,2013,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">
- Trichobothrium
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FEE8F83F86F9F826" box="[383,406,2014,2035]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">ist</emphasis>
closer to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FE63F83C857BF827" box="[500,532,2013,2034]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">esb</emphasis>
than to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FDF5F83F8512F826" box="[610,637,2014,2035]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">est</emphasis>
or halfway (shown by the ratio of the trichobothria
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FBF8F83F83C3F826" box="[1135,1196,2013,2035]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">ist–est</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD60319FB24F83F839AF827" box="[1203,1269,2013,2035]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="65">ist–esb</emphasis>
&gt;= 1.0...... 14
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="666993C8FFD5031AFF00FF7982F3FF3D" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD5031AFF00FF7982F3FF1F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FF7982F3FF1F" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
14 Trichobothrium
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFEE8FF7986F9FF78" box="[383,406,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist</emphasis>
halfway between
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFDD1FF768509FF79" box="[582,614,151,172]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">esb</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFD02FF7985DFFF78" box="[661,688,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">est</emphasis>
(shown by the ratio of the trichobothria
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFBA0FF79831AFF78" box="[1079,1141,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–est</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFBECFF7983D1FF79" box="[1147,1214,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–esb</emphasis>
= 1.0; body size larger than 2.0 mm;................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD5031AFC23FF5482F3FF1F" authority="Prado &amp; Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[948,1436,181,203]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi">
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- Ratio of the trichobothria
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFE4CFF328576FF3D" box="[475,537,211,232]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–est</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFD88FF32850DFF32" box="[543,610,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–esb</emphasis>
different&gt; 1.0, body size shorter than 2.0 mm............................. 15
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<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD5031AFF00FF0E82F3FED0" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,584]" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FF0E82F3FED0" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">15 Most of the teeth of the chelal movable finger highly constrict and projected backwards............................ 16</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FEEC82F3FEF7" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
- Most of the teeth of the chelal movable finger acute and sparse...........................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD5031AFB15FEEC82F3FEF7" authorityName="von Schimonsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[1154,1436,269,290]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limettioides">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFB15FEEC82F3FEF7" box="[1154,1436,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">Pseudochthonius limettioides</emphasis>
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16 Approximately 26 teeth on movable chelal finger, trichobothrium
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFCDDFECA840EFE95" box="[842,865,299,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist</emphasis>
three times closer to
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFBB4FECB832CFEEA" box="[1059,1091,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">esb</emphasis>
than
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFBE3FECA83E0FE95" box="[1140,1167,299,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">est</emphasis>
(shown by the trichobothrial ratio
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFE83FEA9863DFE88" box="[276,338,328,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–est</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFECFFEA986F4FE89" box="[344,411,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–esb</emphasis>
of 3.0)..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD5031AFB36FEA682F3FE89" authorityName="von Schimonsky, Gallao &amp; Bichuette" authorityYear="2022" box="[1185,1436,327,348]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olegario">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFB36FEA682F3FE89" box="[1185,1436,327,348]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">Pseudochthonius olegario</emphasis>
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- Approximately 30 or more teeth on movable chelal finger, trichobothrial ratio
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFC45FE84837FFEAF" box="[978,1040,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–est</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFB81FE848336FEAF" box="[1046,1113,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–esb</emphasis>
less than 3.0............. 17
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FE6382F3FE42" box="[151,1436,386,408]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
17 Rallum with 5 pinated blades...................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD5031AFD70FE6382F3FE42" authority="Assis, Schimonsky, Gallao &amp; Bichuette, 2023" authorityName="Assis, Schimonsky, Gallao &amp; Bichuette" authorityYear="2023" box="[743,1436,386,408]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lubueno">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFD70FE6384B1FE42" box="[743,990,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">Pseudochthonius lubueno</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FE4182F3FE60" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">- Rallum with 7 pinated blades........................................................................... 18</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FE5C82F3FE07" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
18 Movable chelal finger with 32 to 35 teeth................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD5031AFB2DFE5C8225FE07" ID-CoL="3C9BC" authorityName="Guimarães &amp; Prado &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2025" box="[1210,1354,445,466]" class="Arachnida" family="Eukoeneniidae" genus="Eukoenenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Palpigradi" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maquinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFB2DFE5C8225FE07" box="[1210,1354,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">P. maquinensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4DAEA04FFD5031AFAC7FE5C82F3FE07" box="[1360,1436,445,466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FE3A82F3FE3A" box="[151,1436,474,496]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">- Movable chelal finger with between 36 and 40 teeth......................................................... 19</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD5031AFF00FE1982F3FDD8" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,584]" box="[151,1436,503,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FE1982F3FDD8" box="[151,1436,503,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
19 Body length ranging from
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to
<quantity id="1A652688FFD5031AFDC1FE1985C1FDD8" box="[598,686,504,525]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.77">1.77 mm</quantity>
, with a trichobothrial ratio (
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFC2CFE198496FDD8" box="[955,1017,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–est</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFC68FE19832DFDD9" box="[1023,1090,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–esb</emphasis>
) of 2.2..
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<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFB26FE198226FDD9" box="[1201,1353,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">P. urubuquaqua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFAC7FE1982F3FDD8" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,504,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4DAEA04FFD5031AFAC7FE1982F3FDD8" box="[1360,1436,504,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="666C2858FFD5031AFF00FDF482F3FD92" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">
- Trichobothrial ratio (
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFE3BFDF48686FDFF" box="[428,489,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–est</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFE67FDF4855DFDFF" box="[496,562,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">ist–esb</emphasis>
) between 2.34–2.61 and body length ranging from
<quantity id="1A652688FFD5031AFBB6FDF483B8FDFF" box="[1057,1239,533,555]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3475" metricValueMax="1.459" metricValueMin="1.236" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1347.5" valueMax="1459.0" valueMin="1236.0">1,236 to 1,459 mm</quantity>
..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="1A9DF0EEFFD5031AFC44FDD382F3FD92" authority="Prado &amp; Ferreira, 2024" authorityName="Prado &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2024" box="[979,1436,562,584]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aware">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD5031AFC44FDD383D7FD9D" box="[979,1208,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="66">Pseudochthonius aware</emphasis>
Prado &amp; Ferreira, 2024
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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122
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
@ -81,11 +87,14 @@ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD90316FF00FCDF8518FC74" blockId="2.[151,1437,830,1289]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD90316FF00FCDF86E4FC8D" bold="true" box="[151,395,830,856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="6DF58130FFD90316FE02FCDF83B7FCA8" collectingDate="2020-11-12" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.125237" location="Maquine Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.351887" municipality="Cosdisburgo" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitation id="6DF58130FFD90316FE02FCDF83B7FCA8" collectingDate="2020-11-12" collectionCode="R" collectorName="R. L. Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.125237" location="Maquine Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.351887" municipality="Cosdisburgo" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="ISLA 125638" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
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male (ISLA 125638), preserved in ethanol:
<specimenCount id="CB9B40E4FFD90316FD9FFCDE8551FC8C" box="[520,574,831,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" type="male">male</specimenCount>
(
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), preserved in ethanol:
<collectingCountry id="A58ACBFDFFD90316FB91FCDE8322FC8C" box="[1030,1101,831,857]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="3D461117FFD90316FBCAFCDE8382FC8C" box="[1117,1261,831,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Cosdisburgo</collectingMunicipality>
@ -101,18 +110,17 @@ male (ISLA 125638), preserved in ethanol:
<collectingDate id="B9675445FFD90316FD5DFC8284C4FCA8" box="[714,939,867,893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" value="2020-11-12">November 12, 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, collected by
<collectionCode id="BB8C13A8FFD90316FBD3FC828335FCA8" box="[1092,1114,867,893]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="7068EEBBFFD90316FBC9FC8283B7FCA8" box="[1118,1240,867,893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">L. Ferreira</collectorName>
<collectorName id="7068EEBBFFD90316FBD3FC8283B7FCA8" box="[1092,1240,867,893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">R.L. Ferreira</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="6DF58130FFD90316FB74FC82851CFC74" collectingDate="2020-11-12" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Ferreira" country="Iceland" latitude="-19.125237" location="Maquine Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.351887" municipality="Cosdisburgo" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="6DF58130FFD90316FB74FC82851CFC74" collectingDate="2020-11-12" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Ferreira" country="Iceland" latitude="-19.125237" location="Maquine Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.351887" municipality="Cosdisburgo" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="ISLA 125639" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
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female (
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125639), same data as the holotype
<specimenCount id="CB9B40E4FFD90316FAC7FC8282F3FCA8" box="[1360,1436,867,893]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(
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), same data as the holotype
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.
</paragraph>
@ -162,7 +170,7 @@ with 3.0); fixed and movable cheliceral fingers with 10–12 and 9–11 teeth, r
with 7 and 6, respectively).
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<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD90316FF50FB478636FB15" bold="true" box="[199,345,1190,1216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Description.</emphasis>
Body beige, translucent; appendices in a slightly darker shade of beige (
@ -346,6 +354,7 @@ teeth, with 34 acute teeth, except in the most proximal portion, which is rounde
<typeStatus id="022635CFFFDE0311FEA1FD3686F3FD24" box="[310,412,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Body length 1.35. Carapace 0.58/0.56 (1.04), Palps: trochanter 0.15/0.11 (1.36), femur 0.53/0.10 (5.30), patella 0.14/0.10 (1.40), chela 0.81/0.12 (6.75), movable finger length 0.51. Leg I: trochanter 0.11/0.07 (1.57), femur 0.25/0.05 (6.25), patella 0.18/0.04 (4.50), tibia 0.11/0.04 (3.66), tarsus 0.27/0.03 (8.66). Leg IV: trochanter 0.13/0.10, femur 0.26/0.18, patella 0.29/0.14, femur/patella ratio 0.90, tibia 0.32/0.07, basitarsus 0.16/0.05, telotarsus 0.32/0.03.
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<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFDE0311FF00FA338562F9DB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1490,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFDE0311FF00FA33867BFA3F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1490,1514]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
@ -366,6 +375,7 @@ Leg IV, highlighting the claws and arolia. Scale bars:
0,5 mm.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9587D8E6FFDE0313FF50F98183FDFF2C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFDE0311FF50F98186C1F9AE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1632,2019]" box="[199,430,1632,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFDE0311FF50F98186C1F9AE" bold="true" box="[199,430,1632,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Ecological remarks</emphasis>
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123
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
@ -81,11 +87,14 @@ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<subSubSection id="9587D8E6FFDC0313FF00FE4F824BFDC4" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFDC0313FF00FE4F824BFDC4" blockId="7.[151,1437,430,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFDC0313FF00FE4F86E4FE1D" bold="true" box="[151,395,430,456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="6DF58130FFDC0313FE02FE4F8248FE38" collectingDate="2009-12-16" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.169167" location="Gruta da Morena Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.339165" municipality="Cosdisburgo" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitation id="6DF58130FFDC0313FE02FE4F8248FE38" collectingDate="2009-12-16" collectionCode="R" collectorName="R. Bessi" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.169167" location="Gruta da Morena Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.339165" municipality="Cosdisburgo" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="ISLA 125640" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
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male (ISLA 125640), preserved in ethanol:
<specimenCount id="CB9B40E4FFDC0313FD9FFE4E8551FE1C" box="[520,574,431,457]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" type="male">male</specimenCount>
(
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), preserved in ethanol:
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,
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@ -101,21 +110,17 @@ male (ISLA 125640), preserved in ethanol:
<collectingDate id="B9675445FFDC0313FC9DFE328484FE38" box="[778,1003,467,493]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" value="2009-12-16">December 16, 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, collected by.
<collectionCode id="BB8C13A8FFDC0313FB19FE3283CBFE38" box="[1166,1188,467,493]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">R</collectionCode>
. Bessi
<collectorName id="7068EEBBFFDC0313FB19FE328382FE38" box="[1166,1261,467,493]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">R. Bessi</collectorName>
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFDC0313FB63FE328248FE38" box="[1268,1319,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="6DF58130FFDC0313FAA1FE32824FFDC4" collectingDate="2022-12-20" collectionCode="R" collectorName="L. Ferreira" country="Iceland" latitude="-19.169167" location="Gruta da Morena Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.339165" municipality="Cosdisburgo" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="6DF58130FFDC0313FAA1FE32824FFDC4" collectingDate="2022-12-20" collectionCode="R" collectorName="R. L. Ferreira" country="Iceland" latitude="-19.169167" location="Gruta da Morena Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-44.339165" municipality="Cosdisburgo" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
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female (
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125641), same locality as the holotype, collected by
<collectionCode id="BB8C13A8FFDC0313FC12FE1684F4FDC4" box="[901,923,503,529]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="7068EEBBFFDC0313FC08FE168378FDC4" box="[927,1047,503,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">L. Ferreira</collectorName>
<specimenCount id="CB9B40E4FFDC0313FF00FE16878CFDC4" box="[151,227,503,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" type="female">female</specimenCount>
(ISLA 125641), same locality as the holotype, collected by
<collectorName id="7068EEBBFFDC0313FC12FE168378FDC4" box="[901,1047,503,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">R.L. Ferreira</collectorName>
on
<date id="A923ADADFFDC0313FBD7FE16824FFDC4" box="[1088,1312,503,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" value="2022-12-20">
<collectingDate id="B9675445FFDC0313FBD7FE16824FFDC4" box="[1088,1312,503,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" value="2022-12-20">December 20, 2022</collectingDate>
@ -299,7 +304,7 @@ with a distinctly evident tubercle-shaped galea on the cheliceral movable finger
present in both males and females).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9587D8E6FFDC031DFF50FAEF8485F946" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="7" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFDC0313FF50FAEF8636FAFD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1294,1320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="59">Description.</emphasis>
Male body beige, translucent (females slightly darker beige); appendices beige similar to the body (
@ -464,6 +469,8 @@ female
<quantity id="1A652688FFD2031DFD5CFA0B845DF9D1" box="[715,818,1514,1540]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="9" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1.77">1.77 mm</quantity>
). Carapace 0.46/0.43 (1.07). Palps: trochanter 0.24/0.14 (1.71), femur 0.79/0.11 (7.18), patella 0.31/0.15 (2.06), chela 1.15/0.18 (6.39), movable finger length 0.70. Leg I: trochanter 0.15/0.11 (1.36), femur 0.42/0.06 (7.00), patella 0.22/0.05 (4.40), tibia 0.22/0.04 (5.50), tarsus 0.37/0.03 (12.3). Leg IV: trochanter 0.13/0.09 (1.44), femur 0.25/0.18 (1.39), patella 0.22/0.13 (1.69), femur/patella ratio 1.17, tibia 0.30/0.07 (4.28), basitarsus 0.16/0.05 (3.2), telotarsus 0.29/0.03 (9.67).
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<paragraph id="DD228B6DFFD2031DFF50F97C86D9F962" blockId="9.[151,1437,1121,2041]" box="[199,438,1693,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="EFE9577FFFD2031DFF50F97C86D9F962" bold="true" box="[199,438,1693,1719]" pageId="9" pageNumber="61">Ecological Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>

94
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<subSubSection id="B3E5E38FCE3BA92AC6F25E66B5FBF88E" box="[151,493,1845,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" type="nomenclature">
@ -80,12 +80,14 @@
<paragraph id="FB40B004CE3BA92DC6F25EF1B718FF0B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1953,2017]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="C98B6C16CE3BA92AC6F25EF1B528F862" bold="true" box="[151,318,1954,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">Type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="4B97BA59CE3BA92AC7285EF1B70EF83E" collectingDate="2024-02-28" collectorName="P. P. Sudhin." country="India" elevation="547" latitude="25.660555" location="Ngwalwa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.784996" municipality="Peren District" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Nagaland" typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitation id="4B97BA59CE3BA92AC7285EF1B70EF83E" collectingDate="2024-02-28" collectorName="P. P. Sudhin." country="India" elevation="547" latitude="25.660555" location="Ngwalwa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.784996" municipality="Peren District" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="NZC-ZSI-9429/18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Nagaland" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="C98B6C16CE3BA92AC7285EF1B5C1F861" bold="true" box="[333,471,1954,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">
<typeStatus id="24440EA6CE3BA92AC7285EF1B5ACF862" box="[333,442,1954,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="EDF97B8DCE3BA92AC7A75EF0B5C1F861" box="[450,471,1955,1983]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
(NZC-ZSI-9429/18) from
(
<specimenCode id="AB59187FCE3BA92AC7835EF1B6ACF862" box="[486,698,1954,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">NZC-ZSI-9429/18</specimenCode>
) from
<emphasis id="C98B6C16CE3BA92AC5625EF1B7F3F862" bold="true" box="[775,997,1953,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">
<collectingCountry id="83E8F094CE3BA92AC5625EF1B748F862" box="[775,862,1954,1980]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">INDIA</collectingCountry>
:
@ -112,20 +114,26 @@ a.s.l.
, leg.
<collectorName id="560AD5D2CE3BA92AC4E25E95B70EF83E" box="[647,792,1990,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">P. P. Sudhin.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4B97BA59CE3BA92DC5445E95B69DFF6F" collectingDate="2024-02-28" collectorName="P. P. Sudhin." country="India" elevation="547" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="423" latitude="25.660555" location="Ngwalwa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.784996" municipality="Peren District" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Paratypes" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="4B97BA59CE3BA92DC5445E95B517FF6F" collectingDate="2024-02-28" collectorName="P. P. Sudhin." country="India" elevation="547" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="423" latitude="25.660555" location="Ngwalwa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.784996" municipality="Peren District" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="NZC-ZSI-9430/18, NZC-ZSI-9431/18" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Paratypes" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="C98B6C16CE3BA92AC5445E95B78FF83E" bold="true" box="[801,921,1990,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">
<typeStatus id="24440EA6CE3BA92AC5445E95B78FF83E" box="[801,921,1990,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="EDF97B8DCE3BA92AC5CF5E95B7F4F83E" box="[938,994,1990,2016]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="422" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
(NZC-ZSI-9430/18), same data as for holotype.
(
<specimenCode id="AB59187FCE3BA92AC5965E95B0DCF83E" box="[1011,1226,1990,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="422">NZC-ZSI-9430/18</specimenCode>
), same data as for holotype.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4B97BA59CE3CA92DC76859C4B69DFF6F" box="[269,651,151,180]" collectingDate="2024-02-28" collectorName="P. P. Sudhin." country="India" elevation="547" latitude="25.660555" location="Ngwalwa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.784996" municipality="Peren District" pageId="4" pageNumber="423" specimenCode="NZC-ZSI-9430/18, NZC-ZSI-9431/18" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Paratypes" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="EDF97B8DCE3CA92DC76859C4B526FF6F" box="[269,304,151,177]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="423" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<emphasis id="C98B6C16CE3CA92DC75559CBB553FF6A" bold="true" box="[304,325,152,180]" pageId="4" pageNumber="423">
<specimenCount id="EDF97B8DCE3CA92DC75559CBB553FF6A" box="[304,325,152,180]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="423" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
&amp;
<specimenCount id="EDF97B8DCE3CA92DC71059C4B58EFF6F" box="[373,408,151,177]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="423" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(NZC-ZSI-9431/18)
(
<specimenCode id="AB59187FCE3CA92DC7C859C4B695FF6F" box="[429,643,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="423">NZC-ZSI-9431/18</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="4B97BA59CE3CA92DC4F959C5B718FF0B" collectingDate="2024-06-13" collectorName="P. P. Sudhin." country="India" elevation="810" latitude="25.795" location="Anderson Tea Estate" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="91.88416" municipality="Ri Bhoi District" pageId="4" pageNumber="423" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Meghalaya" typeStatus="paratype">