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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e7c2faa-0a3e-4533-9104-0cd524762834" ID-PMC="PMC7921071" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1019-141" ID-Pensoft-UUID="616BD8CDECF259DA91B015E9A7737DAC" ID-PubMed="33679172" ID-ZooBank="8CE802531BA74F80820675CA0C003101" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1019-141" checkinTime="1614092291421" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kanavalova, Liliana, Grootaert, Patrick, Kubik, Stepan &amp; Bartak, Miroslav" docDate="2021" docId="80E40E7744EF5E21A3D1235F0EEC16C8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1019: 141-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1019" docPubDate="2021-02-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496" docTitle="Megagrapha starki Bartak &amp; Grootaert 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0023393E-CB52-4C09-A30D-4D1AC3D3D336" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="616BD8CDECF259DA91B015E9A7737DAC" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="616BD8CDECF259DA91B015E9A7737DAC" masterDocTitle="Four new West Palaearctic species and new distributional records of Hybotidae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1668149814991" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Four new West Palaearctic species and new distributional records of Hybotidae (Diptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kanavalova, Liliana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-8265</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kanavalova@af.czu.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grootaert, Patrick</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B - 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kubik, Stepan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bartak, Miroslav</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-02-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1019</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>141</mods:start>
<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1019-141</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8CE802531BA74F80820675CA0C003101</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">616BD8CDECF259DA91B015E9A7737DAC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="179905020" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0023393E-CB52-4C09-A30D-4D1AC3D3D336" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/80E40E7744EF5E21A3D1235F0EEC16C8" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0023393E-CB52-4C09-A30D-4D1AC3D3D336" authority="Barták &amp; Grootaert" authorityName="Bartak &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha starki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki" status="sp. nov.">
Megagrapha starki
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barták">Bartak</normalizedToken>
&amp; Grootaert
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="141">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megagrapha starki sp. nov. Male habitus, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512623" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male antenna, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512624" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male wing, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512625" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male terminalia A right epandrial lamella B epandrium with cerci, dorsal C left epandrial lamella D detail of phallus. Abbr. hyp: hypandrium; lc: left cercus; lel: left epandrial lamella; ll: lower lobe of left surstylus; ul: upper lobe of left surstylus; rel: right epandrial lamella. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512626" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">, 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Holotype</emphasis>
♂,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Slovakia</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muráňska">Muranska</normalizedToken>
planina NPR,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Šarkanica">Sarkanica</normalizedToken>
, 540 m, MT,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="48.71278">48°42'46&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="19.997778">19°59'52&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tkoč">Tkoc</normalizedToken>
, 26.iv.-15.vi.2017 (CULSP).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Paratypes</emphasis>
: Slovakia
</emphasis>
, 1♂,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muráňska">Muranska</normalizedToken>
planina NP, 580 m, MT,
<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="48.71278">48°42'46&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="19.99889">19°59'56&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roháček">Rohacek</normalizedToken>
, 14.vi.-11.vii.2017 (dissect., RBINS);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Poland</emphasis>
: 1♂, Bialowieza, 'Bialowieza
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forest’">Forest'</normalizedToken>
, Promotion Area,
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Lesna’">'Lesna'</normalizedToken>
Reserve, 15 km SE of core zone of NP, 160 m a.s.l., 120 year old Carpinus betulus fogged with pyrethrum,
<geoCoordinate degrees="52" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="52.628056">52°37'41&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="23.77">23°46'12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, A. Floren, 28.vi. 2001 (CAStH);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Russia</emphasis>
: 1♂, SW Moscow, Moskovskiy, forest edge, YPT traps,
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="55.587776">55°35'16&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="37.332775">37°19'58&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, K. Tomkovich, 1-4.viii.2014 (ZMMU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
A species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Melander with patterned wings and modified male fore and mid basitarsi, very similar to Nearctic
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. exquisita" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Malloch, 1923). However, the newly described species differs in the colour of the mesoscutum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megagrapha starki sp. nov. Male habitus, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512623" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">3</figureCitation>
), the dark pattern on the wing (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male wing, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512625" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">5</figureCitation>
), the shape of the postpedicel (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male antenna, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512624" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">4</figureCitation>
) and the male terminalia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male terminalia A right epandrial lamella B epandrium with cerci, dorsal C left epandrial lamella D detail of phallus. Abbr. hyp: hypandrium; lc: left cercus; lel: left epandrial lamella; ll: lower lobe of left surstylus; ul: upper lobe of left surstylus; rel: right epandrial lamella. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512626" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512623" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bartak &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha starki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha starki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Male habitus, paratype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
The species epithet,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bartak &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha starki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha starki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is a Latin genitive patronym given in honour of German dipterist Andreas Stark (Halle (Saale)), who first recognised this species as new, acknowledging his contribution to the knowledge of world
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Empidoidea">Empidoidea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Male head</emphasis>
black, rounded in anterior view and ovoid in lateral view. Large eyes with dense and relatively long ommatrichia, all facets subequal in size. Frons very narrow (linear, narrower in lower part than diameter of one ommatidium, widening towards ocellar triangle). Slightly prominent ocellar triangle and adjacent parts of frons and vertex sublustrous, with 2 pairs of short, subequally long and pale ocellars (about 0.10 mm long), with several similar setae posteriorly. Occiput microtrichose (subshiny), with dense yellowish-brown to black setae on dorsal third similar in length to ocellars, ventrally with fewer short, pale setae, posteriorly with several black setae. Face very narrow dorsally and widening ventrally, microtrichose, without setae, gena indistinct. Palpus brown, relatively large (0.22 mm long) and ovoid, slightly narrowing towards tip, covered with relatively long black setae. Labrum yellow, only slightly longer than palpus, labellum narrow with several setae. Antenna yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male antenna, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512624" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">4</figureCitation>
). Scape without setae, 0.08 mm long, pedicel (0.05 mm long) with circlet of short black setae, postpedicel (0.24 mm long) elongated, with rather long narrow apical half. Stylus (0.15 mm long) with several slightly elongated darkened setulae (especially in apical part).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Thorax</emphasis>
yellow with brown pattern in form of 2 longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum spreading from black antepronotum posteriorly, bent near scutellum towards postalar calli and connected with a broad stripe medially in front of scutellum (dark pattern in dorsal view roughly U-shaped). Postpronotum and adjacent parts of mesoscutum, including notopleuron, brown, slightly brownish parts occur below wing base including mediotergite. Scutellum black and microtrichose except basolateral corners. Mesoscutum mostly lustrous, pleura shiny except dorsoposterior part of anepisternum. Both anterior and posterior spiracles deep black. Chaetotaxy: antepronotum with 4-5 pale setulae on each side, 3 notopleurals, 1 short postalar, 3 pairs of pale scutellars. Mesoscutum densely covered with black setulae anteriorly (also on postpronotum and adjacent areas) and white setulae posteriorly, setae longer in presutural area with 1 not very prominent prescutellar pair. Pleura with several black setae dorsally on anepisternum.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Legs</emphasis>
including coxae very pale (almost whitish-) yellow, rather densely covered with short, whitish setulae, some longer setae only preapically on ventral side of all femora. Basitarsus of fore leg with narrow ventral process and basitarsus of mid leg narrowed basally and widened apically, with short ventral apical projection. Second mid tarsomere with dense setulae ventrally.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Wing</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male wing, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512625" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">5</figureCitation>
) with distinct dark pattern, covered on both sides with relatively long microtrichia. Basal costal seta only slightly differentiated. Sc incomplete, closely approximated to R1 and vanishing at about middle. Costa ends at tip of M1 vein. Halter yellow, calypter black with yellow margin and long black fringes.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Abdomen</emphasis>
subshiny, with brown (and brown setose) tergites and yellow (pale setose) sternites, lateromarginal setae on tergites as long as or longer than segments. Terminalia as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male terminalia A right epandrial lamella B epandrium with cerci, dorsal C left epandrial lamella D detail of phallus. Abbr. hyp: hypandrium; lc: left cercus; lel: left epandrial lamella; ll: lower lobe of left surstylus; ul: upper lobe of left surstylus; rel: right epandrial lamella. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512626" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">6A-D</figureCitation>
. Cerci narrow, equally long, shorter than right epandrial lamella. Left surstylus composed of lower lobe (ll) and digitiform upper lobe (ul), bearing setae longer than lobe.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Length</emphasis>
: body 2.4 mm, wing 2.6 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512624" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bartak &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha starki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha starki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male antenna, paratype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512625" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bartak &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha starki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha starki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male wing, paratype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512626" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bartak &amp; Grootaert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha starki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha starki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male terminalia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">A</emphasis>
right epandrial lamella
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">B</emphasis>
epandrium with cerci, dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">C</emphasis>
left epandrial lamella
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">D</emphasis>
detail of phallus. Abbr. hyp: hypandrium; lc: left cercus; lel: left epandrial lamella; ll: lower lobe of left surstylus; ul: upper lobe of left surstylus; rel: right epandrial lamella. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown. However, all allied species are sexually dimorphic with dark-coloured females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="141" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
<bibRefCitation author="Stark, A" editor="Floren, A" journalOrPublisher="Bioform Entomology, Nuernberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="105 - 117" refId="B37" refString="Stark, A, 2008. Species of the genus Oedalea Meigen, 1820 (Diptera: Hybotidae): An element of the canopy fauna in European forests? In: Floren, A, Schmidl, J, Eds., Canopy Arthropod Research in Europe. Bioform Entomology, Nuernberg: 105 - 117" title="Species of the genus Oedalea Meigen, 1820 (Diptera: Hybotidae): An element of the canopy fauna in European forests?" volumeTitle="Canopy Arthropod Research in Europe." year="2008">Stark (2008)</bibRefCitation>
already recognized the species as new and announced a separate paper on
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: &quot;Stark A (2009), in press. Description of two species of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Melander (
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Empidoidea">Empidoidea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hybotidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1961" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" rank="tribe" tribe="Drapetini">Drapetini</taxonomicName>
) from the canopy of trees in European primeval forests. Studia dipterologica 16(2)&quot;. However, this paper was never published. Andreas Stark kindly sent us illustrations and locality data and his male was included in the type series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">
The new species described above is very similar to the Nearctic
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. exquisita" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as redescribed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1151291-10" author="Chillcott, JG" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="1291 - 1328" refId="B9" refString="Chillcott, JG, Teskey, HJ, 1983. A revision of the NewWorld genera allied to Megagrapha Melander (Diptera: Empididae). The Canadian Entomologist 115 (10): 1291 - 1328, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1151291-10" title="A revision of the NewWorld genera allied to Megagrapha Melander (Diptera: Empididae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1151291-10" volume="115" year="1983">Chillcott and Teskey (1983)</bibRefCitation>
and by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent90608-10" author="Chillcott, JG" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" pagination="608 - 611" refId="B8" refString="Chillcott, JG, 1958. Notes on a rare fly, Megagrapha pubescens (Loew) (Diptera: Empididae). The Canadian Entomologist 90 (10): 608 - 611, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent90608-10" title="Notes on a rare fly, Megagrapha pubescens (Loew) (Diptera: Empididae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent90608-10" volume="90" year="1958">Chillcott (1958</bibRefCitation>
- male as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. pubescens" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. pubescens</emphasis>
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(Loew, 1862)) in the patterned wings and modified basitarsi of the fore and mid legs. However, both species strikingly differ in the colour of the mesoscutum (reddish yellow in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. exquisita" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- ME, with brown stripes in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. starki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. starki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- MS), in the dark pattern on the wing (dark around crossveins of basal cells in ME, light in MS), in the shape of the postpedicel (pear-shaped in ME, with long narrow apical half in MS; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male antenna, paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512624" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">4</figureCitation>
) and in the male terminalia (left surstylus longer and more slender in ME than in MS, with bent tip, and apical bristles on upper lobe of digitiform left surstylus shorter than lobe in ME but longer in MS; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Megagrapha starki sp. nov., male terminalia A right epandrial lamella B epandrium with cerci, dorsal C left epandrial lamella D detail of phallus. Abbr. hyp: hypandrium; lc: left cercus; lel: left epandrial lamella; ll: lower lobe of left surstylus; ul: upper lobe of left surstylus; rel: right epandrial lamella. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/512626" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">6</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Papp &amp; Foeldvari" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Megagrapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megagrapha europaea" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="europaea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Megagrapha europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Papp &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Földvári">Foeldvari</normalizedToken>
, 2001, the only other known European representative of the genus, has clear wings in the male and mesoscutum yellow without dark stripes. For further differences, see comments under
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="141">M. europaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="141">Slovakia, Poland, European Russia.</paragraph>
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Cette forme ne constitue qu'une race du Darwini tres voisine
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La [[worker]] maxima atteint 11 mill. La tete est plus large que le pronotum. L'epistome n'est plus carene chez le [[worker]] au-dessus de 10 mill. de long, comme du reste chez
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, mais en differe, comme l'indique M. Forel, par le pronotum plus anguleux, la face basale de l'epinotum plus longue et plus convexe. La pilosite beaucoup plus espacee (ne formant pas pelisse); par contre, il y a quelques poils fins dresses sous le bord inferieur des cuisses, et surtout par la ponctuation plus regu- liere, tandis qu'elle est presque reticulaire et transversale chez
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="80E4D6247AC651F4BA1815BCEA552CAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80E4D6247AC651F4BA1815BCEA552CAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/80E4D6247AC651F4BA1815BCEA552CAF" lastPageNumber="8013" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
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<taxonomicName id="EE61850AA81BD0A28C268391CEF4B60F" ID-CoL="FKRY" authority="Dalman, 1820" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Aphycus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphycus apicalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Aphycus apicalis (Dalman, 1820)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="994E1543CC23C6F92C7AF808B45FC340" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="87083F2CC7E988016177EAAA1737FEA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="57309E84679CE3D1518730E04763199F" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Encyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Encyrtus apicalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Encyrtus apicalis</taxonomicName>
Dalman, 1820
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B0B423E22179727A70C48E997CEB9AED" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="1D27F61EF7C4B4D5777CD9337D942BAE" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea albicornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="albicornis">albicornis</taxonomicName>
Timberlake, 1916
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97801BE9F98D44C04BFB666E71193EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">
<taxonomicName id="6ADD59641A7CD6694E0E3D455DAF5C76" genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea fuliginosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
(Compere &amp; Annecke, 1961,
<taxonomicName id="32DC24B9BE06429C9ED12B8663967FFF" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Waterstonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Waterstonia" order="Psocodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Waterstonia</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF706BE267B88B9A2E93B5B7A5B1D41F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DF82F3EE89FC0EACDAC1A3E2F376A886" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20A9A53672A0CBED181386DCA7634596" pageId="0" pageNumber="8013">England, Ireland</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<mods:namePart>Merklinger, Felix F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Bonn, Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, D- 53115 Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Luebert, Federico</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Bonn, Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, D- 53115 Bonn, Germany &amp; Departmento de Silvicultura y Conservacion de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName LSID="80E4D9E9-6B0A-56F1-A3B3-9D84A76A3E23" authority="Meyen, Reise Erde 1: 402. 1834" authorityName="Meyen, Reise Erde 1: 402." authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ophryosporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ophryosporus triangularis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triangularis">Ophryosporus triangularis Meyen, Reise Erde 1: 402. 1834</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatorium decipiens" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens">Eupatorium decipiens</taxonomicName>
Hook. &amp; Arn. in Hook. Compan. Bot. Mag. 1: 240. 1835. Type: Chile. Region IV Coquimbo:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">H. Cuming 907</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here, K [K000486661, photo!]; isolectotype: E [E00249908, photo!]); remaining syntypes: Chile. Region IV Coquimbo:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Macrae s.n.</emphasis>
E [E00249907, photo!, mounted together with lectotype].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatorium foliolosum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliolosum">Eupatorium foliolosum</taxonomicName>
DC., Prodr. 5: 174. 1836.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reiche" authorityYear="1901" baseAuthorityName="DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ophryosporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ophryosporus foliolosus" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliolosus">Ophryosporus foliolosus</taxonomicName>
(DC). Reiche, Anales Univ. Chile 109: 9. 1901. Type: Chile. Region IV Coquimbo:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Macrae s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G-DC [G00130591, photo!]; remaining syntypes:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Gaudichaud 100</emphasis>
(G-DC [G00130590, photo!]; P [P02673049 &amp; P02673151, photo!]; K [K486660 &amp; K486663, photo!]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Turcz" authorityYear="1851" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Kuhnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kuhnia multiramea" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramea">Kuhnia multiramea</taxonomicName>
Turcz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24: 168. 1851. Type: Chile. Region IV Coquimbo:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">T.C. Bridges 1412</emphasis>
(holotype: KW [144506, photo!]; isotypes: KW [144505, photo!]; E [E00249909, photo!]; P [P02673149, photo!]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatorium volckmannii" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volckmannii">Eupatorium volckmannii</taxonomicName>
Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 18: 51. 1861. Type: Chile. Region III Atacama, Vallenar:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Volckmann s.n.</emphasis>
1860 (holotype: SGO [SGO065417!]; isotype: GH [GH00014290, photo!]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
Chile. Region III Atacama:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Copiapó">Copiapo</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F.J.F. Meyen s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: B [probably destroyed]; F neg. 14718!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
This species is widespread and more or less continuously distributed along the coast of northern Chile. The southernmost localities where it was observed during our study were at the southern edge of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limarí">Limari</normalizedToken>
, where its range overlaps with that of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ophryosporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ophryosporus paradoxus" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Ophryosporus paradoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The northern end of its distribution appears to be the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Loa. North of Paposo, at Aguada del Panul, it grows sympatrically with
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. johnstonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="johnstonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">O. johnstonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to which it bears close morphological resemblance. However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. triangularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">O. triangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is identified by its slightly larger leaves, which are grouped in alternating fascicles, are shortly petiolate, triangular with a cuneate base and an acute apex, and reaching about 3-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-15 mm as opposed to much smaller leaves in
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. johnstonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="johnstonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">O. johnstonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which reach only c. 1-3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-5 mm. Leaf-size is, however, extremely variable, and plants that grow in more humid conditions often possess larger leaves. The leaf margins of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. triangularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">O. triangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are regularly lobed to dentate and revolute. The inflorescences are spike-like, and the capitula are pedunculated. The spike-like inflorescences appear somewhat denser than in
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. johnstonii" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="johnstonii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">O. johnstonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and, in this latter species, the capitula are sessile. Its florets have a white corolla, sometimes with a violet taint. The pappus is formed by whitish-brown setae, c. 2.5-3.5 mm long. In the area around Cobija, both,
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. triangularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">O. triangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. anomalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">O. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected in the past.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
Chile. Region II Antofagasta: Prov. Tocopilla, quebrada 2-3 km N of Tocopilla above old Caleta Duendes, 150-200 m, 18 Oct 1988,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">M.O. Dillon &amp; D. Dillon 5718</emphasis>
(BONN); Tercera quebrada Tocopilla,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.0558" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-22.0558">22.0558S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.17662" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.17662">70.17662W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m, 18 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3413
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada La Higuera, S Tocopilla,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="7" value="-22.301943">22°18'7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-70.21611">70°12'58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 30 Sep 2005,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F. Luebert, N. Garcia &amp; N. Schulz 2569/963</emphasis>
(EIF); Quebrada above Caleta Buena, S Mantos de la Luna,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.43075" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.43075">22.43075S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.22186" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.22186">70.22186W</geoCoordinate>
, 640 m, 10 Oct 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3989
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS). Prov. Antofagasta, near Cobija, 19 Dec 1971,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
O.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zöllner">Zoellner</normalizedToken>
4593
</emphasis>
(L153863); Juan
<normalizedToken originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.51205" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.51205">23.51205S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.53365" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.53365">70.53365W</geoCoordinate>
, 150 m, 19 Jul 2003,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">M. Antonissen 7</emphasis>
(EIF); Quebrada La Chimba, 17 Dec 1987,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">M.O. Dillon &amp; J.T.S. Teillier 5321</emphasis>
(BONN); Quebrada La Chimba,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.55">23°33'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.36667">70°22'W</geoCoordinate>
, 380-480 m, 11 Nov 1988,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">M.O. Dillon &amp; D. Dillon 5881</emphasis>
(BONN); Quebrada La Chimba,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.53567" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.53567">23.53567S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.35887" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.35887">70.35887W</geoCoordinate>
, 460 m, 17 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3408
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cardón">Cardon</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.741717" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.741716">24.741717S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.542687" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.54269">70.542687W</geoCoordinate>
, 210 m, 5 Oct 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3949
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Aguada
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cardón">Cardon</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.74173" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.74173">24.74173S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.54385" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.54385">70.54385W</geoCoordinate>
, 210 m, 15 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3389
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada Panul,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.773468" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.773468">24.773468S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.533915" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.53391">70.533915W</geoCoordinate>
, 180 m, 4 Oct 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3939
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada Panul,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.777263" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.777264">24.777263S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.531618" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.53162">70.531618W</geoCoordinate>
, 190 m, 5 Oct 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3944
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada Panul,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.777263" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.777264">24.777263S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.531618" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.53162">70.531618W</geoCoordinate>
, 190 m, 5 Oct 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3944A
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); c. 7 km N of Paposo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-24.95">24°57'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.48333">70°29'W</geoCoordinate>
, 40 m, 14 Dec 1987,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">M.O. Dillon &amp; J.T.S. Teillier 5262</emphasis>
(BONN); El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, al N de Paposo, 17 Sep 1941,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
P. &amp; G.T. Johnson 2902
</emphasis>
(SGO118350); Paposo, base Cerro Carneros,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-24.939999">24°56'24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.6" value="-70.47906">70°28'44.6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 160 m, 23 Oct 2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A. Moreira &amp; F. Luebert 1200</emphasis>
(SGO158780); Quebrada Portezuelo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.0124" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-25.0124">25.0124S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.446467" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.446465">70.446467W</geoCoordinate>
, 550 m, 13 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3357
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada Matancilla, c. 5 km S of Punta Grande,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.116667">25°07'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.45">70°27'W</geoCoordinate>
, 170-350 m, 27 Oct 1988,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">M.O. Dillon, D. Dillon, V. Asencio &amp; M. Villarroel O. 5750</emphasis>
(BONN); Cachinalcito, 25°10', 28 Nov 1925,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">I.M. Johnston 5173</emphasis>
(S); c. 20 km N of Taltal, quebrada
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anchuña">Anchuna</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.23543" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.23543">25.23543S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.42594" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.42594">70.42594W</geoCoordinate>
, 183 m, 31 Aug 2018,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F.F. Merklinger, A. Kozok &amp; D. Quandt 2018-63</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); c. 20 km N of Taltal, quebrada
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anchuña">Anchuna</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.23543" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.23543">25.23543S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.42594" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.42594">70.42594W</geoCoordinate>
, 183 m, 31 Aug 2018,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F.F. Merklinger, A. Kozok &amp; D. Quandt 2018-64</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); c. 20 km N of Taltal, quebrada
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anchuña">Anchuna</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.23543" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.23543">25.23543S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.42594" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.42594">70.42594W</geoCoordinate>
, 183 m, 31 Aug 2018,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F.F. Merklinger, A. Kozok &amp; D. Quandt 2018-65</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); c. 20 km N of Taltal, quebrada
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anchuña">Anchuna</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.23543" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.23543">25.23543S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.42594" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.42594">70.42594W</geoCoordinate>
, 183 m, 31 Aug 2018,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F.F. Merklinger, A. Kozok &amp; D. Quandt 2018-66</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Médano">Medano</normalizedToken>
, 300 m, 8 Oct 1941,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E. Pisano V. &amp; R. Bravo F. 398</emphasis>
(SGO); Quebrada San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.38578" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.38578">25.38578S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.43658" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.43658">70.43658W</geoCoordinate>
, 120 m, 11 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3346
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 17 Sep 1968,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
O.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zöllner">Zoellner</normalizedToken>
2851
</emphasis>
(U [U3661650]); Cerro Perales, c. 5 km E of Taltal,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.416666">25°25'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.416664">70°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 550 m, 21 Nov 1988,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">M.O. Dillon &amp; D. Dillon 6002</emphasis>
(BONN); Hills SE of Taltal, 25°29'S, 25 Nov 1925,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">I.M. Johnston 5080</emphasis>
(S); Posado Hidalgo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.75">25°45'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.583336">70°35'W</geoCoordinate>
, 13 Dec 1925,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">I.M. Johnston 5661</emphasis>
(S); along road Panamericana toward Caleta Esmeralda,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25.895921" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.895922">25.895921S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.581052" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.581055">70.581052W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m, 9 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3308
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS). Region III Atacama: Prov.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chañaral">Chanaral</normalizedToken>
, 21 km W of Panamericana on northern route to Pan de Azucar NP,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-26.133333">26°08'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.61667">70°37'W</geoCoordinate>
, 85 m, 30 Sep 1988,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">M.O. Dillon, D. Dillon &amp; V. Pobleto 5609</emphasis>
(BONN); Falda Verde, hills N of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chañaral">Chanaral</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26.296721" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-26.29672">26.296721S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.631252" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.63125">70.631252W</geoCoordinate>
, 75-600 m, 1 Oct 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3905
</emphasis>
(BONN); Hills back of El Barquito, 26°23'S, 28-29 Oct 1925,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">I.M. Johnston 4809</emphasis>
(S). Prov.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Copiapó">Copiapo</normalizedToken>
, Sector quebrada El
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26.976625" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-26.976625">26.976625S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.773903" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.7739">70.773903W</geoCoordinate>
, 70 m, 8 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3290
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Caldera on small point just north of town, 27°3'S, 22 Nov 1925,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">I.M. Johnston 5067</emphasis>
(S);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Copiapó">Copiapo</normalizedToken>
, 400 m, 13 Jul 1938,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Ch.H. Andreas 885</emphasis>
(U [U1145297]); Tierra Amarilla, 700 m, Oct 1924,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E. Werdermann 456</emphasis>
(U [U1145305]); Estancia Castilla, road from Totoral to Panamericana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="27.919994" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.919994">27.919994S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="70.84531" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.84531">70.84531W</geoCoordinate>
, 240 m, 28 Sep 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3869
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS). Prov. Huasco, Road Carrizal Bajo to Canto de Agua, c. 2 km from Carrizal Bajo, 28.112004S, 71.116139W, 45 m, 7 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3279
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Quebrada Baratillo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-28.365833">28°21'57&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-71.122505">71°7'21&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 150 m, 14 Sep 2003,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F. Luebert &amp; L. Kritzner 1805</emphasis>
(EIF); Quebrada Baratillo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28.363325" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.363325">28.363325S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.096321" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.09632">71.096321W</geoCoordinate>
, 110 m, 7 Oct 2016,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, A. Stoll &amp; T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
3269
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Hills E of Tres Playitas,
<geoCoordinate degrees="28.400532" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.400532">28.400532S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.16755" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.16755">71.16755W</geoCoordinate>
, 160 m, 27 Sep 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3854
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS). Region IV Coquimbo: Prov. Elqui,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guayacán">Guayacan</normalizedToken>
, s.a.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">unknown s.n.</emphasis>
(S); Puente Juan Soldado,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.656542" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.656542">29.656542S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.301174" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.30117">71.301174W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m, 27 Sep 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3831
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); La Serena, 16 Sep 1947,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B. Sparre 2595</emphasis>
(S); Coquimbo, Jul-Aug 1958,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">W.H. Harvey s.n.</emphasis>
(S); Coquimbo, 100 m, Nov 1923,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E. Werdermann 124</emphasis>
(U [U1145298]); Coquimbo, rocks behind the Fort,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.93372" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.93372">29.93372S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.33691" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.33691">71.33691W</geoCoordinate>
, 25 m, 24 Sep 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3809
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Coquimbo, rocks behind the Fort,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.93372" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.93372">29.93372S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.33691" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.33691">71.33691W</geoCoordinate>
, 25 m, 24 Sep 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3809A
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); Herradura, 9 Aug 1917,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C. &amp; I. Skottsberg 704</emphasis>
(S). Prov.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limarí">Limari</normalizedToken>
, Ovalle,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Límari">Limari</normalizedToken>
, 11 Oct 1947,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B. Sparre 2994</emphasis>
(S); N of Caleta El Toro,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30.737239" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.73724">30.737239S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.699907" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.699905">71.699907W</geoCoordinate>
, 25 m, 23 Sep 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3794
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS); along road from Los Loros to Caleta El Toro,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30.741021" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.74102">30.741021S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="71.65348" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-71.65348">71.65348W</geoCoordinate>
, 50 m, 23 Sep 2017,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
F. Luebert, T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhnert">Boehnert</normalizedToken>
&amp; F.F. Merklinger 3786
</emphasis>
(BONN, ULS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>