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<paragraph id="33352E2DABABB7661E607CFBBAE9478F">
<heading id="4495905CD0EC987B2377E51B8C18C13C" reason="label">Ichnospecies</heading>
<taxonomicName id="36B2B0E1B32AEA15427552CD7A1E7E69" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Langston" authorityYear="1994" genus="Zanclonychopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyaenodonta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F9C4182ED86D609176369C5A7126A75" italics="true">Zanclonychopus</emphasis>
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isp.
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<paragraph id="7AE1D46557951BCFE02814D9C02B52F0">
<figureCitation id="FDA0AB11D7CE84BC4CA5796E37C6EE27" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zanclonychopus isp. in the studied slab (A), and its plaster mold (B IFMI - 688), with sketch (C) and close up view, sharp tips of digit imprints are distinct (D). Photogrammetric false-color depth maps in perpendicular and lateral views (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167592">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="20843467FC6553E808B58A23B8E1877E">
<heading id="445294F28F8EC1572D34A00C0AC2B04F" reason="title">Material.</heading>
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<paragraph id="A4525BB91702B761FE27F2F896261864">
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Two footprints of a trackway, molded by plaster (
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<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E2TBI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
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)
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.
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<paragraph id="16F7BD4B045BB98FEA4694DF74DF8825">
<heading id="589AD1CA1E242656BAD9F69F16312388" reason="title">Description.</heading>
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<paragraph id="EA7D99CBFD43A8BA2E086E97CAB2FC4C">
These footprints belong to manus and pes imprints of a trackway, preserved as convex hyporelief on the lower bedding plane of a large, thick slab of sandstone (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D27596E7C830059C93BD52B35A2B3528" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zanclonychopus isp. in the studied slab (A), and its plaster mold (B IFMI - 688), with sketch (C) and close up view, sharp tips of digit imprints are distinct (D). Photogrammetric false-color depth maps in perpendicular and lateral views (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167592">10 A C</figureCitation>
). Half of the pes imprint is preserved, and the manus imprint is complete. Pes and manus are separated and do not overlap. Based on the size and depth of penetration, the smaller front footprint was considered as pes and the larger one behind as a manus imprint; usually, mammals have a larger manus footprint. The metatarsal / metacarpal are the deepest part of the footprints, and digit imprints are not clear in footprints; the claw imprints, however, are distinct as a drop-shape slightly curved with sharp tips (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0B7CD6A756DD3FE818D014B37B2F3D3E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zanclonychopus isp. in the studied slab (A), and its plaster mold (B IFMI - 688), with sketch (C) and close up view, sharp tips of digit imprints are distinct (D). Photogrammetric false-color depth maps in perpendicular and lateral views (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167592">10 D</figureCitation>
). Four digit and claw imprints are visible in the manus with an unclear digit
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imprint. The pes imprint is not deeper than the manus and comprises unclear digit imprints (Fig.
<figureCitation id="15093BBD8191457CEB054C0D2A70D89E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zanclonychopus isp. in the studied slab (A), and its plaster mold (B IFMI - 688), with sketch (C) and close up view, sharp tips of digit imprints are distinct (D). Photogrammetric false-color depth maps in perpendicular and lateral views (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167592">10 E, F</figureCitation>
). It seems that trackway width is larger, and the manus has more inward orientation than the pes.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2043E5A9996C000DFACC21CF5CBC6EE">
<label id="100A1FEB32CF070CEF5BDB6B3984ACFA">Figure 10.</label>
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<paragraph id="F72558F095AB063FB279DDF6ABC9E011">
<taxonomicName id="9DC06BE7FD276636AC8F2F2C0A640441" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Langston" authorityYear="1994" genus="Zanclonychopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8F7044DF40C0B9D7DC7290F90FC11BB6" italics="true">Zanclonychopus</emphasis>
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isp. in the studied slab (
<emphasis id="2E57D86A691BEC359435A5ED0E6DE5AF" bold="true">A</emphasis>
), and its plaster mold (
<emphasis id="0554243732CB235D3D4262F1B3FF4491" bold="true">B</emphasis>
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EFVBI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 688), with sketch (
<emphasis id="51EE0D9114E55CC00207BDE15EC530FC" bold="true">C</emphasis>
) and close up view, sharp tips of digit imprints are distinct (
<emphasis id="9A80FAFD852BE7B010DB1599DE7AFF3E" bold="true">D</emphasis>
). Photogrammetric false-color depth maps in perpendicular and lateral views (
<emphasis id="FA05D0A162C90CE9B8E752C7DF96DF93" bold="true">E, F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EVVBI" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4EA1C5291BB92E167E31B6DE20EE09E1">
<heading id="788CA32BED3DCFE278B702B20EC4168C" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B1644DA9D243F24E748929E3DDC61158">
<taxonomicName id="5A4AA77865C0C384D14FF81BFA5807CA" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Langston" authorityYear="1994" genus="Zanclonychopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D15EFCD4D2BAE45BB9F5A2E9220E1A85" italics="true">Zanclonychopus</emphasis>
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was recorded as a large carnivore footprint with monotypy and has not previously been reported outside of North America. The studied footprints from Deh Nar have indistinct digit imprints, but one side has inclined claw imprints that are clear. Based on the size and morphology of the studied footprints,
<taxonomicName id="624D9C939F3F8627D3CE9918E113872F" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Langston" authorityYear="1994" genus="Zanclonychopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DA8B585E11D612B3C67934190BE1F3B0" italics="true">Zanclonychopus</emphasis>
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is the nearest ichnogenus name for the Deh Nar footprints, and this is the first report of
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<emphasis id="11B6A09BB681F31ED8FC867A5E333B2D" italics="true">Zanclonychopus</emphasis>
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outside of North America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<subSubSection id="BCDE0F1BCD4C5C9D94F8F682ACD80908" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F331F8CA76F445D552CDF2E9DAEC1FF8">
<heading id="DD1C870EB10F61C6DB5C78892F298AEA" reason="label">Ichnogenus</heading>
<taxonomicName id="D50EBFDAE1535DE2FF91136691469E0D" authority="Sarjeant, Reynolds &amp; Kissell-Jones, 2002" authorityName="Sarjeant, Reynolds &amp; Kissell-Jones" authorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Platykopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<tp_taxon-name id="F0DF3443680A0E74DA6B6BC33AB74F4F" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera">
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<tp_taxon-name-part id="C5300967C38D40924A25BEE90A530ED3" reg="Platykopus" taxon-name-part-type="genus">Platykopus</tp_taxon-name-part>
</emphasis>
</tp_taxon-name>
<bibRefCitation id="29A3EF4213E04BC92A8BACC39DB545F4" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE &amp; Kissell-Jones MM" editor="Reynolds RE" journalOrPublisher="California State University Desert Studies Consortium Fullerton" pagination="37-50" refId="B89" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE, Kissell-Jones MM (2002) Fossil creodont and carnivore footprints from California, Nevada, and Wyoming. In: Reynolds RE (Ed.) Between the Basins: Exploring the Western Mojave and Southern Basin and Range Province. California State University Desert Studies Consortium Fullerton, 37 - 50." title="Fossil creodont and carnivore footprints from California, Nevada, and Wyoming." volumeTitle="Between the Basins: Exploring the Western Mojave and Southern Basin and Range Province." year="2002">
<tp_taxon-authority id="73C0E0CCA26FEF210DF685A1E89CDFDF">Sarjeant, Reynolds &amp; Kissell-Jones, 2002</tp_taxon-authority>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECCBI" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="523731E99564F923B0294580669BF485">
<heading id="BF342B64E4C3807133C217589671E1E6" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="6A5F17CE53DD4C0CCC20AEA26DD1187E">Type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245A46F6D9D0AE069FC10EB0C8148A74">
<emphasis id="1B6A19ABFBDAFED1705D456D85445B56" italics="true">
Platykopus
<taxonomicName id="1CCA293F717394AEF94A83ED31A63A35" authority="Sarjeant, Reynolds and Kissell-Jones (2002)" authorityName="Sarjeant, Reynolds and Kissell-Jones" authorityYear="2002" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Platykopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ilycalcator">
ilycalcator
<bibRefCitation id="CC23129252183AD589E6C6A08BED2673" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE &amp; Kissell-Jones MM" editor="Reynolds RE" journalOrPublisher="California State University Desert Studies Consortium Fullerton" pagination="37-50" refId="B89" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE, Kissell-Jones MM (2002) Fossil creodont and carnivore footprints from California, Nevada, and Wyoming. In: Reynolds RE (Ed.) Between the Basins: Exploring the Western Mojave and Southern Basin and Range Province. California State University Desert Studies Consortium Fullerton, 37 - 50." title="Fossil creodont and carnivore footprints from California, Nevada, and Wyoming." volumeTitle="Between the Basins: Exploring the Western Mojave and Southern Basin and Range Province." year="2002">Sarjeant, Reynolds and Kissell-Jones (2002)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETCBI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="18ECD9E3B39C204D89FF5F0175E5B060">
<heading id="FBE2F988F654B16E242B7A09416A390F" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5C0A9F99DD77B5E52E6B67961E2CCB8">
Large plantigrade footprints with digits close to manual / pedal pad. Manus width is similar to that of the pes, with the pes being slightly narrower and elongated due to a metatarsal pad. Five digits on manus and pes are clawed, and digits
<collectionCode id="3F7B7B877CBC240EC68436307280CF0B">II</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="4F7AA59DB1D611618F743A9FF5746AB4" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
are of equal length on a quadratic manus with digit I offset. Digits I
<collectionCode id="CA728703212E5C7477FDD707CAC5C479" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
form a symmetrical arc around the pes, with digits I and
<collectionCode id="B4206EA69D758137B599B92D3CEB7034" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
being shorter than
<collectionCode id="D6D2ADF05C57E95CCAC82AD8A911991F">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="4ED94228308E70663BEFAF0A5AFEB9E9">IV</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYCBI" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5525EBE779A6BCAF461053091DB04D0E">
<heading id="4076D52CC8A7C223E6D7BDA3F6326ED4" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AFE6FA29E1197FECD8A148AFB5741638">
<bibRefCitation id="096983F477DE177522D91BDD3940E64D" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE &amp; Kissell-Jones MM" editor="Reynolds RE" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="California State University Desert Studies Consortium Fullerton" pagination="37-50" refId="B89" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE, Kissell-Jones MM (2002) Fossil creodont and carnivore footprints from California, Nevada, and Wyoming. In: Reynolds RE (Ed.) Between the Basins: Exploring the Western Mojave and Southern Basin and Range Province. California State University Desert Studies Consortium Fullerton, 3750." title="Fossil creodont and carnivore footprints from California, Nevada, and Wyoming." volumeTitle="Between the Basins: Exploring the Western Mojave and Southern Basin and Range Province." year="2002">Sarjeant et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
introduced
<emphasis id="E093E01DDA172ADF6C01F236B2DF70D1" italics="true">Platykopus</emphasis>
from Late Miocene of Nevada for large plantigrade footprints with digits close to manual / pedial pad and compared its tracks to those of creodonts and amphycyonids. Recently,
<emphasis id="F41636E10B7A015FAFA489852B30132A" italics="true">Platykopus</emphasis>
has been identified by ichnologists for medium to large, pentadactyl plantigrade footprints with an undeveloped metatarsus imprint in manus.
<bibRefCitation id="D8DAE76CD7DE33B5CDB2FDD5E1AC0BCE" DOI="10.1080/10420941003659493" author="Abbassi N" firstAuthor="Abbassi" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Ichnos" pagination="115-126" refId="B2" refString="Abbassi N (2010) Vertebrate Footprints from the Miocene Upper Red Formation, Shokorchi Area, Zanjan Province. Nw Iran. Ichnos 17 (2): 115126. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420941003659493" title="Vertebrate Footprints from the Miocene Upper Red Formation, Shokorchi Area, Zanjan Province. Nw Iran." volume="17" year="2010">Abbassi (2010)</bibRefCitation>
attributed footprints that are semiplantigrade with five short digits with distinct digit
<collectionCode id="3BC4DB670968CD5F83D220FFB207614B" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
from the Miocene of
<collectingCountry id="7AFF3CC9382824FF5121D918B85F0054" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
to
<emphasis id="AD56AD5E0E6021694E23566AC448D8C2" italics="true">Platykopus</emphasis>
, and he reported
<emphasis id="CE7AB7A063E59E702E498C16C76525DA" italics="true">Platykopus</emphasis>
from the Oligocene of the Eastern Mountains of
<collectingCountry id="7E6C8DCA71B400A725255386E31BC565" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FDDEB2FB8A416CF460A2CE6C16C72F9F" DOI="10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.08.039" author="Abbassi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Abbassi" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pagination="78-89" refId="B7" refString="Abbassi N, Lucas SG, Zaare GR (2015) First Report of Oligocene Vertebrate Footprints from Iran. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 440: 7889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.08.039" title="First Report of Oligocene Vertebrate Footprints from Iran." volume="440" year="2015">Abbassi et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="697F54CB88CFC42FB6AC5B52DCDDC470" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2022.2109967" author="Botfalvai G &amp; Magyar J &amp; Watah V &amp; Szarvas I &amp; Szolyák P" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Botfalvai" issue="9" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="1709-1725" refId="B19" refString="Botfalvai G, Magyar J, Watah V, Szarvas I, Szolyák P (2023) Large-sized pentadactyl carnivore footprints from the early Miocene fossil track site at Ipolytarnóc (Hungary): 3 D data presentation and ichnotaxonomical revision. Historical Biology 35 (9): 17091725. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2109967" title="Large-sized pentadactyl carnivore footprints from the early Miocene fossil track site at Ipolytarnóc (Hungary): 3 D data presentation and ichnotaxonomical revision." volume="35" year="2023">Botfalvai et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
re-examined large pentadactyl footprints from the Miocene Ipolytarnóc of
<collectingCountry id="9A37B5499253A9521487B8A22F58A4D3" name="Hungary">Hungary</collectingCountry>
by 3 D methods and concluded that footprints previously defined as
<taxonomicName id="59925B03AEC41B6B53B7C34E856DA318" class="Mammalia" genus="Bestiopeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="F0718220DE5C03953EF54F8131A6FC30" italics="true">Bestiopeda maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be reclassified under the
<emphasis id="39FA5CCEC1B9A14BC9C77AC140E3D7E1" italics="true">Platykopus</emphasis>
ichnogenus as
<taxonomicName id="2D4D361272F4D17498B340FBDEAA86FC" baseAuthorityName="Kordos" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Platykopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="183C3E9F5B5657016E4D8FCDC95530C0" italics="true">Platykopus maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="234E90A83C69B7F4239A43E1EE36FC99" italics="true">Platykopus</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="1D6374AE0FD929F4E4B5948EBE5A62B8" authority="Sarjeant and Langston (1994)" authorityName="Sarjeant and Langston" authorityYear="1994" genus="Zanclonychopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C22A8984E7F6152F523715F8134D67" italics="true">Zanclonychopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="253359DF56D528D6BFAB593FB78DB019" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by larger width and shorter digit imprints.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
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<mods:title id="7A3C6F79BC4AC4A1AC7ADFE131ABFF3A">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="F8DC7833C1C394417D81D1C58AE811D5">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8F64EEA1486C51B2AA3F1AF39F4A3879">Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="902B8221F443DEE4D160B96251BA2445">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="4C638DECA269D6368CA8E36997EEF4D5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B6F91FB562112FF5109F850D9FA21873">
<heading id="BAE24DB52D8D6688AFA8BF1E221CD52A" reason="label">Ichnospecies</heading>
<taxonomicName id="618BDEFB3DF4D50C7946456B0A3B388C" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="kashanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D67C24204B24579882D5B8E3E3A49E62" italics="true">Moropopus kashanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D03CD4582BB37C31C8AF6D386A6314F9" rank="species">isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1D670B5F740A6F037C004A51964AB37" type="description">
<paragraph id="29E6302FE229C73165D765489F7F34F0">
<figureCitation id="8C1AEAD63DFD8979795922791D707D95" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Moropopus kashanensis nov. in the studied slab (A); B D. Holotype of pes imprint with outline sketch and photogrammetry photo (IFMI - 686 / 1); E I. Holotype of manus imprint with its outline sketch (F) and photogrammetric false-color depth maps, (G, H) and closeup of digit claw imprint (I arrow), (IFMI - 686 / 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167590">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6E44983B3814C1B09F5C2101A42977A8">
<heading id="EF0D4952DBE352A5CFC6467ECA7D8F8A" reason="title">Materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E7D8959320EF402495FC5B3A09FDB24">
<materialsCitation id="ED2F804651AE2B1C5A392712CE2D728E" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-686" specimenCount="1">
Two footprints of one trackway, sampled (
<specimenCode id="1F508DA966FD1B8FE63008AAEC887FE5">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ED3AI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-686
</specimenCode>
/ 1-2)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EI3AI" type="Holotype">
<paragraph id="810B4C22D3C9BD2A58F4142ABB8D32C1">
<heading id="70D0B4D3B0B9B5D64709F2593504631C" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="282E30E6FDDB3E4581A12B5B18BFAC2B" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B10811488860274AD5C640C6CF625721">
<materialsCitation id="8836976B715A6EEBF2D50E19AE253A1B" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-686" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
specimen
<specimenCode id="906E7CE296127571BAFABD378FA37428">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EO3AI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-686
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ET3AI" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="04B0AE89BC3F589870F69ECCF7C3F890">
<heading id="85BE4ABF255FA68529811BE58EE89283" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F65582ED7E6DCC695385D274A009B97A">
<emphasis id="1ACF7B934F56C5D1A1A2D46AAE948A40" italics="true">kashanensis</emphasis>
refers to Kashan city where the traces were found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ED4AI" type="Type-locality">
<paragraph id="500AFB08F1D81D96357AFFFAC105F497">
<heading id="9872D160B0DC734C79CE2019A4A3D400" reason="title">Type-locality.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="68312CF5B9DA8A2F94EA2DF9B68389CC">
<collectingCountry id="0CB5EAA1AA7E9B82341831835C1F7B5E" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="F5DFC8EE2191E8BB24A8CD01A2E5E511" country="Iran" name="Esfahan">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
(=
<collectingRegion id="6B86B2655A6D88B3851143FFB5C43C9E" country="Iran" name="Esfahan">Isfahan</collectingRegion>
) province, Kashan township, west Ab Shirin, northwest Deh Nar,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EM4AI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[51.200000,34.316667]}">
<geoCoordinate id="41112A8B2C1224371B921AFE66B0B581" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.316666">34 ° 19 ' N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E147A73DB2AD76CBEA0386220BE74F66" degrees="51" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="51.2">51 ° 12 ' E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ER4AI" type="Type horizon">
<paragraph id="A4624A60C772FDE7481967EE80E43F71">
<heading id="0EA32C7A407FC53970E37936060176B8" reason="title">Type horizon.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69FE5441F94B404A598E337909AAF55B">lower Oligocene (Rupelian).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EW4AI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1DCEC139118D2C8909F89E224AA10CDC">
<heading id="7D36DE8CA99A5F1A2BAA3AB4E4E589B4" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD787CCBBEB116611ABD4928146F017F">
<taxonomicName id="D3DE99F3D3B30C14BFBC8E59CCC5005A" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2FFADAAC08219711CE00C9ED1C618C0" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with tridactyl footprint in pes and manus imprints. Pes has elongated digit imprints; digit
<collectionCode id="B8482EF43F8C55F600C387899D9C55F4">III</collectionCode>
is larger than the lateral digits
<collectionCode id="65B64B9C9AC676B1D841DD3CFBACB667">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="2850B93C4F073CF6D8D9ACBA5297E192">IV</collectionCode>
. Tips of digits are completely round. The manus imprint has a digit
<collectionCode id="1797E9689FC2D67F0AF447CCF1DB5678">III</collectionCode>
that is longer than the lateral digits. The tip of digit
<collectionCode id="1960231BDCB63781B2A78A91C8732398">III</collectionCode>
is round, but lateral digits end with a distally sharp claw-like imprint.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ED5AI" type="description">
<paragraph id="08AD06C14BE953DD90A149E782B54F8B">
<heading id="06B01341FC0717943EE9147925A328A6" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C947D08EBA3C01A644E80B779113499">The smaller posterior footprint is considered as a pes imprint and it includes two digit imprints and one of the lateral digit and most parts of the metapodial imprints are omitted by weathering. Digits include one pedal circular imprint with round tips, and connect by a narrower imprint to the metapodial imprint. The anterior larger imprint is the manus imprint and it is distinguished by the sharp tip of the lateral digit imprints and it seems that the middle digit imprint has a round tip. The metacarpal imprint is circular, with a round proximal outline.</paragraph>
<caption id="850518BED7ED51E40FCAABCAD363BB70" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure8" ID-arpha="00C37C2B-DA70-5216-A49C-16F43ECFA328" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167590" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="ACD61BC3B87433B06BE3FDAFF6517358">
<label id="BCDE68E4EB9D220811F476C3EB5FEA85">Figure 8.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="474245CD4970E53D35D2711090E9FBE2">
<taxonomicName id="3B055796CA04537114DC27BB5A5322C9" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="kashanensis">
<emphasis id="A36EBFE6BD3415F8AE628C4D960B7DB8" italics="true">Moropopus kashanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. in the studied slab (
<emphasis id="C7CEE2CC4EC1CDD90180762AE758F18D" bold="true">A</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="5D95983E9D521136476EE57A6C2C3B8C" bold="true">B D.</emphasis>
Holotype of pes imprint with outline sketch and photogrammetry photo (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E65AI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 686 / 1);
<emphasis id="DA31E1B80C33F30398CED6E557C55BFC" bold="true">E I.</emphasis>
Holotype of manus imprint with its outline sketch (
<emphasis id="F9F66CEA9383AA8E7AFE517BD0250F3B" bold="true">F</emphasis>
) and photogrammetric false-color depth maps, (
<emphasis id="B17417F00FB00120D604DE9021040AFA" bold="true">G, H</emphasis>
) and closeup of digit claw imprint (
<emphasis id="4CBCF6B5EF4912326BA74900C69C7451" bold="true">I</emphasis>
arrow), (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EM6AI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 686 / 2).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EW6AI" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="14DDD8E0D4B1FEA3470BF9C1C157D517">
<heading id="3FB3D1F688E081D7832DD6F3A3E89A99" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31EA37655B2C68AA15B09C7609532975">
The general morphology of
<taxonomicName id="9146D292D6F3C8ED474AE9FDD7C49FCE" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="88DE1186BD2413716B5A8804CF62B993" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with elongated distally swollen digit imprints is traceable in these footprints, but the distinctive feature is the sharp tips of lateral digits. Usually, perissodactyls have round distal outlines in hooves, and there are no records of sharp tips. The skeletal remains of pes and manus of perissodactyls anatomically comprise distally round phalanges (ungula) with or without medial fissure and covered by fat digital pads or round unguals. Instead, the unguals of artiodactyls usually have sharp tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C545AE5A30BFC9022216AB3DEB12381">
<taxonomicName id="D3DB002ADB91407A115D07BE8EF5AA72" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="kashanensis">
<emphasis id="2B676CF3D76E266A9DA7169467A19D9C" italics="true">Moropopus kashanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
however shows strongly sharp tips in lateral digits of the manus imprint. No secondary deformations such as drag marks or combination with non-biogenic structures were included in the detailed analysis of the tips of
<taxonomicName id="275297CE0E328BBFC3270492B34A88E8" authorityName="Abbassi &amp; Salehi Tinooni &amp; Ghorbani Dehnavi &amp; Shakeri &amp; Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="kashanensis">
<emphasis id="EC050CB50109CA6B6A87ECF5F25732DC" italics="true">Moropopus kashanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we believe these footprints are a new ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="FFF7C108FA8EBC545D2EFCB513294DFC" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EB31BC7F4760DB7DBC1BD4DCE282FF09" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
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<mods:title id="DDB7111346EC5291FE34014F4272504F">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27B15F2C7230669A81B4B819BF6490F1">Abbassi, Nasrollah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA9FBE841173CB6C90C661818596E520">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="83745D077DAEB5156372395A4925421C">Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="825AAA01F4C6716BBAD18417555693FE">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE70C73BE339988A007878D009AB74A7">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran &amp; Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8A6064242111F1A222D27AB77F2C18F9">Eshaghi, Ali</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="FF4740DC07A25087E6872C10E3B7EEDE" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C2D71643A285D50920C1CCE5591D4676">
<heading id="5662F5C90BAC3EB7BB27E3049700FA33" reason="label">Ichnospecies</heading>
<taxonomicName id="C627CE3CE217E5A957737D181BC10BD9" authority="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas, 2017" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" class="Mammalia" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="4AEDD9FC9BEF5E06B6C401DC05BCBA45" italics="true">Moropopus elongatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F6B774C90740CDCA4BFCB10C354B78AB" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2016.1267162" author="Abbassi N &amp; Alinasiri S &amp; Lucas SG" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="987-1006" refId="B4" refString="Abbassi N, Alinasiri S, Lucas SG (2017) New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran. Historical Biology 29: 987 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2016. 1267162" title="New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran." volume="29" year="2017">Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09189193E4A99867773C489154785F03" type="description">
<paragraph id="237A8AFC654AA02F9F74B4135D969790">
<figureCitation id="44C26F8AFAA8D73090DEFC94B2753E19" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A C. Lophiopus isp. preserved as convex hyporelief with its photogrammetry photo and outline sketch, sampled (IFMI - 684); D F. Moropopus elongatus preserved as convex hyporelief, including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled (IFMI - 685); Moropopus elongatus in lower bedding plane of large slab full of mud crack casts (G); H I. Close up view of behind footprints with outline sketch; J K. Front footprint with outline sketch." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167588">Fig. 7 D K</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHYAI" type="material">
<paragraph id="270665230ED8E1A583FA20F1A967FACF">
<heading id="95C203AC1A6B0302100960DEB4BC9F2D" reason="title">Materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D1F1D759034984381286E25A976EF36">
<materialsCitation id="8AF99628E1ABDFE4CA700327D9B97D3B" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-685" specimenCount="1">
One footprint sampled (
<specimenCode id="BC19BD19E8E5AA7DEA4BAE2C67FC7F17">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ENYAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-685
</specimenCode>
) and two footprints of a trackway studied in the field
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESYAI" type="Emended diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9779BBBA5024D1A13DDD0D7C16D3DD50">
<heading id="ABCB4DF324D70E54F44DF5051893362E" reason="title">Emended diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B949FD636AE4A8C8717F9C4540C825B">Tridactyl footprints with elongated digit imprints. Digit imprints are proximally narrower and distally ellipsoidal and inflated. Digit tips are completely curved without claw imprints. Metatarsus imprints include two metatarsal pads with a complete rounded back.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXYAI" type="description">
<paragraph id="D6AE2AFD3A5FB3FE11070C78DA9C29AB">
<heading id="04BE4765C495456D08AE2B20985E1C8A" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2823095E0685D13AEF44DF842DF9DCCC">
Tridactyl footprints preserved as convex hyporeliefs in lower bedding plane of the fine-grained sandstones. Sampled footprint (Fig.
<figureCitation id="963AF7CC570B227FB0B0832A2C3D6B03" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A C. Lophiopus isp. preserved as convex hyporelief with its photogrammetry photo and outline sketch, sampled (IFMI - 684); D F. Moropopus elongatus preserved as convex hyporelief, including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled (IFMI - 685); Moropopus elongatus in lower bedding plane of large slab full of mud crack casts (G); H I. Close up view of behind footprints with outline sketch; J K. Front footprint with outline sketch." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167588">7 D F</figureCitation>
,
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EBZAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="FF8C5E253D5FCF43257FCF4CFC76EEEC">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 685) includes circular digit imprints, lateral digits are fat with one digit pad, and middle digit (
<collectionCode id="97D4B57F783D67CCF370A081797A0994">III</collectionCode>
) is incomplete. All digits connected by narrower imprint to metatarsal / metapodial imprint. The metatarsal / metapodial imprint is oval with three proximal lobes. The unsampled two footprints belong to one trackway, preserved as convex hyporelief in a lower bedding plane of thick-bedded, dark brown sandstone. This bedding plane has abundant mud crack casts that interact with the footprints. These footprints comprise one to two fat circular digital pads, which connect by narrower imprints to metatarsal / metapodial imprints. The tips of the digits are round. The proximal parts of the metatarsal / metapodial imprints are round.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGZAI" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7DDFD6DB318EFBCAD5419695D20517AB">
<heading id="89D4C184C82292EF1436B6390A3768F1" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD187AE46D2F5B08A997EC47A79D0273">
<taxonomicName id="A37E7AA67E9DD0144ACA8C57091BCD8A" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="560462E37E46E8E9B36DD2CAB8F92B6C" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established as monotypy from the Late Eocene of
<collectingCountry id="F37C23D51DDF5DE32C53F380DF2F631E" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C0827A0576DA6AA5CF42B9D9BEB9F512" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2016.1267162" author="Abbassi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Abbassi" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="987-1006" refId="B4" refString="Abbassi N, Alinasiri S, Lucas SG (2017) New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran. Historical Biology 29: 9871006. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2016.1267162" title="New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran." volume="29" year="2017">Abbassi et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
), and by discovery of new
<taxonomicName id="C16C7BA90AE9EB9C55C6A733183BBC3A" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7CD76D0A63B6F35F4352741A5349ECA" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Oligocene of Central
<collectingCountry id="730D2378A87791D805E2DAA538B56816" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
, with new morphological features, we prefer to establish a new ichnospecies for
<taxonomicName id="62DCF35475300878EFA4905F22689B99" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="03F2C6D9846EA91E2BA44B264E76903D" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and emended the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="28EF4AC31D797AE38B84A6DFF134B528" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="0C84643FF8C3B8D3CD436F3AE8EC694B" italics="true">Moropopus elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
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<mods:title id="D90D3EB592167C5EB5DB56ECC0CB6CDE">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="1ED1D9FB84B8DDF21BC40E7B9F91EDB3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E577E3AD76E330AD2558B05781EE1680">
<heading id="BD858E5E9CB51689245E77118FAF982F" reason="label">Ichnogenus</heading>
<taxonomicName id="0BB0C92AA3EB1372713AA6EA7E213039" authority="Kordos, 1985" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91651695E17B2CE8096814574B0B13D3" italics="true">Aviadactyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6934060E85FC5B299D0FF1A29BDD25F0" author="Kordos L" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologica" pagination="359-415" refId="B45" refString="Kordos L (1985) Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnoc. Geologica Hungarica ser. Palaeontologica 46: 359 - 415." title="Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser." volume="46" year="1985">Kordos, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EABAG" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="AFB896708BA5B67E39810A09A4017769">
<heading id="8E17AE7E1A1E296AC01B7440C1280EAB" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="744564802030106A113E70F052F1411B">Type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B4A5B5D0E5106915C92CB960CBF4B67">
<taxonomicName id="CC0198D4CB4273646394302B95440F0D" authority="Kordos, 1985" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="media">
<emphasis id="214F40FF476C4B4F3B192D95C0F73EF2" italics="true">Aviadactyla media</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BD13B1ACB3B9748F6CF8E752DBB73E08" author="Kordos L" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologica" pagination="359-415" refId="B45" refString="Kordos L (1985) Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnoc. Geologica Hungarica ser. Palaeontologica 46: 359 - 415." title="Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser." volume="46" year="1985">Kordos, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERBAG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D85B9D0D5D70949D857983D42084AF8F">
<heading id="F1BD3A9A89DF754958468D14475F0CE6" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4852DC37E71F6BD01608C10515CBBA5">
Bird footprint of small to medium size consisting of three toes. The prints of all three toes are thin, stick-like, shallowly imprinted. Longest is the middle toe, to be followed by the gradually shorter inner and outer toes. The distal end of the inner toe print is, in the normal case, farther away from the basic line (the line normal to the middle toe) than the end of the middle toe print. Consequently, it is slightly asymmetrical (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4AFD6B1B18D8DA07F73CC126D7B66" author="Kordos" firstAuthor="Kordos" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologica" pagination="359-415" refId="B45" refString="Kordos L (1985) Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser. Palaeontologica 46: 359415." title="Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser." volume="46" year="1985">Kordos 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2BAG" type="Emended diagnosis">
<paragraph id="999C1B0F2EB9B342716E8DA4E375BF30">
<heading id="AB5401B4F90861A7DF5333482C578BC4" reason="title">Emended diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE8D76074C2052C13C174A694ED5C62E">
Avian footprints of small to moderate size, composed of three digital impressions. Digits of slender to moderate width, tapering distally and sometimes exhibiting distinct, slender claws but typically without, or with only feeble, indication of digital pads or interpad spaces. Length of central digit (
<collectionCode id="3CAFAEF411DF891998400E78ED1A6325">III</collectionCode>
) less than 25 % greater than that of the lateral digits. Total interdigital span exceeds 95 °. Digits convergent proximally but usually isolated (though digit
<collectionCode id="EC8C7B3604449855B09E0ED2C0E31768">II</collectionCode>
may have a minimal contact with digit
<collectionCode id="37B378F73469C1BEA9FE398B2970EA23">III</collectionCode>
). No indication of a metatarsal pad or of webbing between digits (by
<bibRefCitation id="63120B57FA7C3174D88C06A122B16F30" author="Sarjeant and Reynolds" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" refId="B88" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE (2001) Bird footprint from the Miocene of California. In: Reynolds RE (Ed) The Changing Face of the East Mojave Desert: Abstracts from the 2001 Desert Symposium, California, 2140." year="2001">Sarjeant and Reynolds 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFCAG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E1764C20A2FB7BD9436A2A803763081F">
<heading id="A410C493D65F04938FE4491ECA69F758" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6820A77A2A7C0E7FBB510EB756E274DD">
At first, ichnotaxonomically unwebbed small bird footprints were named as
<taxonomicName id="FD533F79EA08E82D1717A71E4E25963E" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Charadriipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="718818F0DEFBF2F53274D292067365C6" italics="true">Charadriipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="E0812037368A24FBABB969199903C6DD" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" firstAuthor="Panin" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti. Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie 7: 455484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin and Avram (1962)</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="9873CC45E32768B7DF3C8410A9EE980C" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C15A66AAC6F9E5C6B7775700D43077EA" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="45646B06D6431A1237C7046EB328830F" author="Vialov OS" firstAuthor="Vialov" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. These names were used for both tetra- and tridactyl footprints. The diagnosis of these ichnogenera was not clarified by authors, and later tridactyl bird footprints introduced by
<bibRefCitation id="AE9B39598E79052C96B01862813357F1" author="Kordos L" firstAuthor="Kordos" journalOrPublisher="Geologica Hungarica" pagination="261-368" refId="B44" refString="Kordos L (1983) Lábynomok az Ipolytarnóci also-Miocén koru homokköben. [Footprints in Lower Miocene sandstone at Ipolytarnóc, N. Hungary]. Geologica Hungarica 46: 261368." title="Lábynomok az Ipolytarnóci also-Miocén koru homokköben. [Footprints in Lower Miocene sandstone at Ipolytarnóc, N. Hungary]." volume="46" year="1983">Kordos (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, including
<taxonomicName id="DABECA2D68E5F31725C2E2DE14E48B72" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2B03C854FA66B4C131C2535349E743F" italics="true">Aviadactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="02D07906213CEA3E5EA15398740B7B3E" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Ornithotarnocia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8552DF8E77C5481ECB33842C51F602BC" italics="true">Ornithotarnocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="3652EA79389D51B15B7E8CA0213A4F46" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Passeripedia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1552EF7FE5714FD98FF5B97BFDD15DF7" italics="true">Passeripedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Footprints of
<taxonomicName id="76BFD5A4DBE7A99717319E93AA747BFF" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A6B07FB5E12002A93316490EC2014DB" italics="true">Aviadactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show thin digit imprints, usually unconnected, and slightly asymmetrical digits
<collectionCode id="DA1B09C3194688381C674B56662A9C20">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="A75F924946178C925E7B37C8AA3CA567">IV</collectionCode>
imprints. The
<typeStatus id="64242E6EC7E547E30C0B1CC6B97F13E6">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="D6D3B8729F8604CFD102414CFAB26F65" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Ornithotarnocia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="816CC59A155AAE6F6F3A35F22AD9FD5A" italics="true">Ornithotarnocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows thick asymmetrical digit imprints with rounded digit tips (
<bibRefCitation id="37AE30C001BA130445C8942EF4773DF0" author="Kordos" firstAuthor="Kordos" journalOrPublisher="Geologica Hungarica" pagination="261-368" refId="B44" refString="Kordos L (1983) Lábynomok az Ipolytarnóci also-Miocén koru homokköben. [Footprints in Lower Miocene sandstone at Ipolytarnóc, N. Hungary]. Geologica Hungarica 46: 261368." title="Lábynomok az Ipolytarnóci also-Miocén koru homokköben. [Footprints in Lower Miocene sandstone at Ipolytarnóc, N. Hungary]." volume="46" year="1983">Kordos 1983</bibRefCitation>
, text fig. 1, no. 12), although some others have thinner, unconnected digit imprints with sharp digit tips. These thick digit imprints were the ichnotaxonomic base for identifying
<taxonomicName id="10AC9C1177656F0BB68BDB91710B47A5" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Ornithotarnocia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="670C0D46317F2EB61DD9F8201C34E6E0" italics="true">Ornithotarnocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for Miocene bird footprints
<collectingRegion id="0B7E5C94348E912933D6F224C68CC209" country="United States of America" name="California">California</collectingRegion>
by
<bibRefCitation id="CC33D49412C1465A3419E7B94B9B6A02" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" refId="B88" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE (2001) Bird footprint from the Miocene of California. In: Reynolds RE (Ed) The Changing Face of the East Mojave Desert: Abstracts from the 2001 Desert Symposium, California, 2140." year="2001">Sarjeant and Reynolds (2001)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="24828DCDB32D017095B072743AF93428" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Passeripedia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F445CAFBF31B808DC811A087ECA06EE" italics="true">Passeripedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes small tridactyl unconnected bird footprints and differs from
<taxonomicName id="3A39B0A22CC57DF927B124A1D4470D55" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7AEE709F5FC1423DBF234427390C6B1" italics="true">Aviadactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller size. Sarjeant and Langstone (1994) revised
<taxonomicName id="568ACC57E8A20DBD426B365808256F64" authority="Kordos (1983)" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1983" class="Aves" genus="Passeripedia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="9C9080B48C562E43AAE13726C8160133" italics="true">Passeripedia ipolyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EB5A098EB9410380F0069AC7E822BEB9" author="Kordos L" firstAuthor="Kordos" journalOrPublisher="Geologica Hungarica" pagination="261-368" refId="B44" refString="Kordos L (1983) Lábynomok az Ipolytarnóci also-Miocén koru homokköben. [Footprints in Lower Miocene sandstone at Ipolytarnóc, N. Hungary]. Geologica Hungarica 46: 261368." title="Lábynomok az Ipolytarnóci also-Miocén koru homokköben. [Footprints in Lower Miocene sandstone at Ipolytarnóc, N. Hungary]." volume="46" year="1983">Kordos (1983)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and transferred it to
<taxonomicName id="87BA144DD7D5F42570A27A6C7BC94207" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="B8FC7AEC77F227D93451101C94A1D5C6" italics="true">Avipeda ipolyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Melchor in a strict revision (Melchor in
<bibRefCitation id="AEB681E4A9B7F392576F35F133CF85E6" author="Abbassi N &amp; Melchor RN &amp; Díaz-Martínez I" refId="B8" refString="Abbassi N, Melchor RN, Díaz-Martínez I (In press) Ichnotaxonomy of Paleogene and Neogene tetrapod tracks. In: Lucas SG, Hunt AP, Klein H (Eds) Vertebrate Ichnology, Tetrapod Tracks and Trackways. Elsevier.">Abbassi et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
) consider
<taxonomicName id="FF5086E21CC9FA5695CA9A52C8115D82" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="302553929F4BD7C31336AFAE20B1D490" italics="true">Aviadactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="EC9BC48A2EF0A8C49C16C51B6DF78F1D" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Ornithotarnocia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="023C62581A2FA86A09165C01F955A3E7" italics="true">Ornithotarnocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5B14E1329B0F89457BA203BF056D583B" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Passeripedia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F96A135EF6223812BBD31E42734E93F" italics="true">Passeripedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<emphasis id="0DA1A3B2EC04009488717334D5F4C9E7" italics="true">nomen dubium</emphasis>
. We, however, would rather regard
<taxonomicName id="50F15ACA87DC00263E95117EC974677D" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="316802FE9D979BBD0627885B8B627983" italics="true">Aviadactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid and report the studied footprints as
<taxonomicName id="1C1E28CAD9BD970A632F69D322AB9CC6" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C11EAC22B96A671E77DA2FE87FF5C75D" italics="true">Aviadactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the comparison with other found footprints in the studied section.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
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<subSubSection id="154F832A9D5AC8D20D1BA4A04E968171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="72ACFF0C9468D859C41506C284864354">
<heading id="46A7561C7144E7E2E2C096947D14E79F" reason="label">Ichnogenus</heading>
<taxonomicName id="2B792172797CABCB18822DA06D06D1DE" authority="Vialov, 1965" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F731F018A7A025D2124A3B48CAD77071" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A6B3D3EA55DA1004274DEEF0D986C0EA" author="Vialov OS" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovuh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEOAG" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="4DDB405C064392537CC613D5EAA7D3D5">
<heading id="A990E0264192752C68370DABE7A29BA9" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="756EE8BF04B2CFAF082005388DCF15A0">Type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E2B854972645A93EB51D44586C7F277">
<taxonomicName id="EA73768BB3EB40A80B7EBCCB84999347" authority="Vialov, 1965" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="53F4AAB173E73B27F26BED2CC12FBC82" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B22C27F96E845E2C76B384D7F62BBCE6" author="Vialov OS" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovuh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVOAG" type="Revised diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AC17C716F3AB2396C8197D6328EA5681">
<heading id="EAF4BFBF9EF9AE3EA97E5FA07D6AA79C" reason="title">Revised diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD92BA90900751721DAE4EEC74FF344A">
Avian footprints of small size (footprint length &lt;
<quantity id="94B3937DDCDA8FD67722EDBF1ABAB6CA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
), showing three short, thick digits, with distinct claws. Length of central digit (
<collectionCode id="9F28EA80CFC0EBDBF59ED6A0C45C78D7">III</collectionCode>
) less than 25 % greater than that of the lateral digits. Total interdigital span 95 ° or more. Digits closely convergent or united proximally; webbing lacking or limited to the most proximal part of the interdigital angles (modified from
<bibRefCitation id="6A603650FA43CAA48BC9E8A9577B4FB8" author="Sarjeant and Langston" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6OAG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="20A25C43AEB13AEEA5653711699F5D1B">
<heading id="0245FB97231E0664CBBEA946E367A236" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16C1DF924437D62FD82C3AD5B5712CB0">
At first,
<taxonomicName id="AC184D72955C3A3BAACE2CCD716D304B" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C88AE865CEBB6F1082810F7397DDA48" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the general name for tridactyl unwebbed bird footprints which was proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="BF436BCE322E48496519E2183277A22B" author="Vialov OS" firstAuthor="Vialov" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. Later, varieties of bird footprints were considered as ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="F519D00D8D6B14D7657F03A95AFF30D6" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A0033B26242C7AC67CABD8B56648375" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with different size or morphologies showing similarities to several existing ichnogenera. Thus,
<bibRefCitation id="0ABC81649B95BABDBA699BD21EE9A91E" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
emended the diagnosis and designated
<taxonomicName id="895BD6FE561C607436B68CF3393D0606" authority="(Vialov 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Vialov" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="9B9697FFB6F94A46B290233C078D85E6" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F04E79B6969EABB90B57698B3970CE2" author="Vialov" firstAuthor="Vialov" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="36E19FA798EC66663507AF831A38E491">type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:namePart id="97C4631E338D2C4BD0CE1BAD7919C703">Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="26AB4D3FEC2F4424746D380DD952F9ED">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="25F393401D4BC07BC5F86B760D22CBB0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1D06BCDD9447CE967D9E6F303D5A9816">
<mods:roleTerm id="F32CED90AD981F902F3A48182C2889CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DA5A8824A6CEFC4E2742AC402256D263">Shakeri, Safoora</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6E2C0C42172EAC5D1FDFC34027CBDB30">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran &amp; Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="71D721ED3F9D589ADB9E33552BCC12D6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="671C853A640B1AAA3657CFB416C0C7DB">
<mods:roleTerm id="AF89CAC5C9A43A8FE845A6AC7C5D9496">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0886C39E466FB4050A66A082CA8C3D36">Eshaghi, Ali</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA0F9DBA882FFD57669F5A215E6D84DA">Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="3F06BC1D59A5B1D8C1436907DE496ADF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4584A84D3680324A94E7C00E945375DB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A4A46CC96FA885BD2CB27EEC4B882DFF">
<mods:title id="CC921E83FAB1C5C9A49410985D1FACC4">Fossil Record</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="44EF59A5C89329201A061EF4323F3420">
<mods:date id="84C9FC2028FD4FDE43438C517AFB13AE">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CEC176C850EDCD1CB62555BEC0D0BE83" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8319A400944C099C630BFB45C816D898">2024-11-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="08BC313043C583A12B77CD6169262F01" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C58E4E98691B204407494970272B0266">27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9D7D8730CDA4BADADEC980EDCFDDC768" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1738589ECFBA5F361ADF6191DC9684E8">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="947B618B8D4DA3E0F02B96D622884466" unit="page">
<mods:start id="034BC2CBD2D7699894E7A75F9D039CE1">265</mods:start>
<mods:end id="0CA69E290F5FDDA4E4B8E33EC2083CF1">287</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="0C6F73CB4762FCCF70DBB22DDEAB7D0E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0DAC7D79A1B6FD249E5BD3236DF06F30" type="DOI">10.3897/fr.27.133914</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9D470D49B2C5F4B03F3228E53A29953C" type="ZooBank">A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5" ID-arpha="4DBD31CB-5904-560C-B209-4A4A65A92AB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5">
<subSubSection id="CAF59BF64941967E2FF9595BAF27A7B9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="044ACE8626393F3C77675FD969F997EE">
<heading id="C35406ADACEF7F63CEBA0C167E731BB6" reason="label">Ichnospecies</heading>
<taxonomicName id="8FA01682DF7EE6638574075331E78C58" authority="Vialov, 1965" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="9129BD2A74943AF98AF111C841B8E436" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E910498E1D1922ACDBF1B0AA8CC6535F" author="Vialov OS" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovuh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABCFACA8DDD47F0E84CE843280D149A5" type="description">
<paragraph id="B7E045A3DA2CF4FE72C910177FABF9A7">
<figureCitation id="038FFEAE6CBD116721EC435A18D9D5D7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Avipeda phoenix. A. B. Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled IFMI - 682 / 1); C, D. Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, IFMI - 682 / 2-3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETRAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="D69B40BD75366320DDA009DDC29786CF">
<heading id="F5CC9BD72AD7AD273E9915D006D74B6A" reason="title">Materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E11C04FD61E1C787B03D5319F8509CED">
<materialsCitation id="491CA5D21FEB1BDBA90FEF0020FE890E" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-682" specimenCount="1">
Four footprints preserved in three slabs (
<specimenCode id="EA5011BE5D933ECC721FD14C36815062">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EZRAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-682
</specimenCode>
/ 1-3)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5RAG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="106E61A6236375319723F995D14C4D07">
<heading id="A8C4843181487B40B9D3353853EA04F1" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E932BC2C03B0CBCB3FD709004BD14BD9">
Small, tridactyl tracks up to
<quantity id="17B4B7CF9753F7CFCD4412700122910D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="cm" value="1.6">1.6 cm</quantity>
long, digits short, relatively broad, angle (
<bibRefCitation id="8C49FE0C3F43A6281BBA4EFE45A81273" author="Vialov" firstAuthor="Vialov" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov 1965</bibRefCitation>
; translated by
<bibRefCitation id="2B45095660062AFA6C7D2EF0D7D718AB" author="Lucas" firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science" pagination="113-148" refId="B56" refString="Lucas SG (2007) Cenozoic vertebrate footprint ichnotaxa named by O. S. Vyalov in 1965 and 1966. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 42: 113148." title="Cenozoic vertebrate footprint ichnotaxa named by O. S. Vyalov in 1965 and 1966." volume="42" year="2007">Lucas 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMSAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="1150C8785812E6119D39B625AD465F3A">
<heading id="F8138B8B497CDA8165CC33F71A28D106" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0E48C74B4D8D624B91BBCF021768C55">
Slab
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ESSAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="DB3A2ED8D55F2E7DA3AB3CEB05BE7C44">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 682 / 1 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6B71C0C4DB1CE0B43D82697FCEBDCAA5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Avipeda phoenix. A. B. Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled IFMI - 682 / 1); C, D. Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, IFMI - 682 / 2-3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584">3 A, B</figureCitation>
) includes medium-sized, tridactyl footprints, preserved as concave epirelief on the upper bedding plane of fine-grained, ripple-mark-bearing, brown sandstone. Digit imprints are straight, with sharp tips, slightly deformed by reliefs of ripple marks, and connected to each other in the heel part. The digit
<collectionCode id="5E9F5D1CA634933DCD9047BE5C33E639">III</collectionCode>
imprint is thicker and larger than the lateral digits, and wider in the front part of the digits; one digital pad is visible in the distal part of digit
<collectionCode id="D82A49AA1890AAB51A5BEB1846F29F5A">III</collectionCode>
. Slab
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E2SAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="258E069C47C07711A82C2210310FAB64">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 682 / 2 comprises one medium-sized tridactyl footprint, preserved as convex hyporelief in a lower bedding plane of thin-bedded, fine-grained brown sandstone (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A795BAF11734B1F512A547F358706D46" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Avipeda phoenix. A. B. Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled IFMI - 682 / 1); C, D. Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, IFMI - 682 / 2-3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584">3 C</figureCitation>
). Digit
<collectionCode id="D30B93CC4650337EF2CF8D4E519DC5D8">III</collectionCode>
is longer than the lateral digits, and the interdigital angle between digit
<collectionCode id="2CA0076A73365B4EF180DBBB23FDDB63">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="EBA0F3A2489B991593589C216E9FA805">IV</collectionCode>
is wide. The metapodium imprint is an eminence, and the digits are connected to the metapodium. Proximal outline of the footprints slightly convex, without digit I imprint. Small slab no.
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EETAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="CC35C287C6E3109E6B210CB7B8E7806F">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 682 / 3 includes one tridactyl bird footprint, preserved as concave epirelief on the fine-grained brown sandstone, filled by fine-grained, lighter, silt-size sediments (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A67980FCBDAB85994354991D238BB0F9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Avipeda phoenix. A. B. Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled IFMI - 682 / 1); C, D. Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, IFMI - 682 / 2-3)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584">3 D</figureCitation>
). Similar to previous slabs, it shows a digit
<collectionCode id="7E515CC75EA38E2E8D2A407022FD907C">III</collectionCode>
imprint larger than the lateral digits. One of the lateral digits (here considered as digit
<collectionCode id="F9CEB58E75219E2FF374EE6C3CE81765">IV</collectionCode>
) is thicker than the other. The tips of the digits are round or slightly sharp in the footprint slabs of
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ENTAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="9B237C7940CD5CAEB8154A6D61EAC434">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 682.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D541305DA6900B72E14CCD8E77D78FFF" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure3" ID-arpha="D19F7953-BD6D-54A2-84AE-B5FE8EDFCAF9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167584" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="08579B013ABB26E9DE104C2069D4C247">
<label id="7801746D70CE0528D72BA5094BD82BDB">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D8F4FF7868199841D47FED98BD4FF92">
<taxonomicName id="3018C7E1D4B8437CF7D7B2E4796F7AFE" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="3372645583B1D0B741FEE20966FC2182" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="E19E866460A4C4AD8EFFCBBF802BF64F" bold="true">A. B.</emphasis>
Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EHUAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 682 / 1);
<emphasis id="31B26FA6F871263C0CF6080AC0457B59" bold="true">C, D.</emphasis>
Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen,
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EOUAG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 682 / 2-3).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYUAG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="EEEA485139C912FD3868E69D6F1417D6">
<heading id="99C1CCE65E1A728F7C7171BE1B1DA9B4" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF7BAFBDA1C55F7CEF28A58107C83C7A">
<bibRefCitation id="2DE84BDD78C12CE44A465D978C70C845" author="Vialov OS" firstAuthor="Vialov" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov (1965)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName id="325B6B6A6B724B630ABB34ACED269BCF" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="01C7AA36E5529039FE87174386E0FFCA" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with three ichnospecies
<taxonomicName id="2800C36CBA284FF03B82F9FCBF3645BB" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="4C1E85A5926D64BA2C6C0D046597C183" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BF30DD2396DB9B3588822C95F70FB17B" baseAuthorityName="Vialov" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirin">
<emphasis id="5D9B4AF17ADC1B447A66B9217247BD54" italics="true">A. sirin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="25E315E8716B7EB967AA0513E99B32CF" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="A1300C5869EC374835F81BC3170C3E1C" italics="true">A. filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Later, other new ichnospecies were added or recombined with
<taxonomicName id="1469686C86AE7B60802D65259481FD9D" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CFC5997E4B02B21666A76537158A47E9" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sarjeant and Langstone (1994) recombined
<taxonomicName id="4364EC5C1954D9871703930510651074" authority="Kordos (1985)" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Passeripedia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="BBA3BA802BE1BD47CE8EDA4C4BF6CB01" italics="true">Passeripedia ipolyensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="884F5397C12FD36840131B017A885D1B" author="Kordos L" firstAuthor="Kordos" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologica" pagination="359-415" refId="B45" refString="Kordos L (1985) Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser. Palaeontologica 46: 359415." title="Footprints in the Lower Miocene Sandstone of Ipolytarnóc. Geologica Hungarica ser." volume="46" year="1985">Kordos (1985)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="DCE9C674988F6EAC32E20552C369CE96" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="72DD4E0B5B76B0B20533618B7CFE92BF" italics="true">Avipeda ipolyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but
<bibRefCitation id="A099FB1FA501058F1A07D2EB9F044592" author="Abbassi N &amp; Melchor RN &amp; Díaz-Martínez I" refId="B8" refString="Abbassi N, Melchor RN, Díaz-Martínez I (In press) Ichnotaxonomy of Paleogene and Neogene tetrapod tracks. In: Lucas SG, Hunt AP, Klein H (Eds) Vertebrate Ichnology, Tetrapod Tracks and Trackways. Elsevier.">Abbassi et al. (in press</bibRefCitation>
) believe that the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="AFC01C2B75A34A87145B3EBDA48E8732" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="50F7A4FBAA0369F2DD10C4EBE4E141C4" italics="true">P. ipolyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks any distinctive feature, and there is no description and considered
<taxonomicName id="6EBEA0ACAC1694D984B8F79B3B776919" authorityName="Kordos" authorityYear="1985" class="Aves" genus="Passeripedia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ipolyensis">
<emphasis id="DF44772AF247C01BB7919CF591B41E73" italics="true">Passeripedia ipolyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a
<emphasis id="16151036A2026490C172E5411C917BF6" italics="true">nomen dubium</emphasis>
. On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="FC37F08038BF0AA0CA991DF870528014" author="Abbassi N &amp; Melchor RN &amp; Díaz-Martínez I" refId="B8" refString="Abbassi N, Melchor RN, Díaz-Martínez I (In press) Ichnotaxonomy of Paleogene and Neogene tetrapod tracks. In: Lucas SG, Hunt AP, Klein H (Eds) Vertebrate Ichnology, Tetrapod Tracks and Trackways. Elsevier.">Abbassi et al. (in press</bibRefCitation>
) considered
<taxonomicName id="23B6407C161BAAC88303B6EAFD941BF1" baseAuthorityName="Vialov" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sirin">
<emphasis id="1BB8E7FDD18424C0B475DB27FF23C6C4" italics="true">A. sirin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="607C38342A107D52666166077464C26D" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="750C94A24BFAFFFB826BBF66012923E4" italics="true">A. phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="F22B4397123F6D67E0FFD7E4E82491F2" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
recombined
<taxonomicName id="C141C462DEC62FFB65183D01FDADB109" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="96DE8ADCDC4FFEB86E9A81C802D91270" italics="true">A. filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="EA9FA962FDB2C78465F01F0C84D5105A" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="D42904083C9EE93AFFC23D87DCFB7DB4" italics="true">Gruipeda filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the valid ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="59EC4DD5D3A512850EDEB9244EFB2A53" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE207C6FA1C58FB1BFD4D6C36C7840E6" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="132F5826B49462F144A9894C98E56073">
<taxonomicName id="89E3B4C2C11E72A2B35795613C91A211" authority="Sarjeant &amp; Langston, 1994" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Langston" authorityYear="1994" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adunca">
<emphasis id="1F82DA5B76E9F42249BE233616383243" italics="true">Avipeda adunca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DE1C961C3C43BD0C73470C418B8FDACB" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant &amp; Langston, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0777532FB0B50794A0C016710650D1DD">
<taxonomicName id="CF80D4A3433B6007B039EC576AC00A8D" authority="Lockley et al., 2022" authorityName="Lockley" authorityYear="2022" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circumontis">
<emphasis id="F23B6FAE98A9037E5AD0E2F28DC6B5B9" italics="true">Avipeda circumontis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A18C16C96DA377B0D1414911D1C57B7" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2021.1903456" author="Lockley" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lockley" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="130-140" refId="B52" refString="Lockley MG, Goodell Z, Evaskovich J, Krall A, Schumacher BA, Romilio A (2022) Small bird and mammal tracks from a mid-Cenozoic volcanic province in Southern Colorado: implications for palaeobiology. Historical Biology 34: 130140. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1903456" title="Small bird and mammal tracks from a mid-Cenozoic volcanic province in Southern Colorado: implications for palaeobiology." volume="34" year="2022">Lockley et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="730B7279C11B5C8915A843F40370AC84">
<taxonomicName id="21F1D8634F5083930E88D52D51C03C81" authority="Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds, 2001" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds" authorityYear="2001" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryponyx">
<emphasis id="5FA0212E2453D60D2EC7CBB7250C83CA" italics="true">Avipeda gryponyx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D0781ACF200E831F98DFFAF8681D831D" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE" refId="B88" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE (2001) Bird footprint from the Miocene of California. In: Reynolds RE (Ed) The Changing Face of the East Mojave Desert: Abstracts from the 2001 Desert Symposium, California, 21 - 40." year="2001">Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74430A99BFA50AF68D5E4349E32853FB">
<taxonomicName id="351AE95869315C40B0AF1C10112B6DF3" authority="Vialov, 1965" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="4F6CDFC0BD589DB608CB195631B4C0E9" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C62783120995E505D4C05724BE10C8F0" author="Vialov OS" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovuh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ACCDC9FE35DB96C12B8D97D8C35903BC">
<taxonomicName id="662CA8CB6E4B67CC83C7BFF749A026B0" authority="Abbassi, 2022" authorityName="Abbassi" authorityYear="2022" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rastini">
<emphasis id="0D24A8420ECEA52F6A0845622F0BD383" italics="true">Avipeda rastini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E9383A6075991F601078B334C2EC38DE" author="Abbassi N" journalOrPublisher="University of Zanjan Press, Zanjan, Iran" refId="B3" refString="Abbassi N (2022) Miocene Wildlife of Zanjan Northwest Iran. University of Zanjan Press, Zanjan, Iran, 304 pp." title="Miocene Wildlife of Zanjan Northwest Iran." year="2022">Abbassi, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A2423D32ECEBE461B63F5939E940907">
<taxonomicName id="60AB5F229B9396CDA1BD82DEEF2C24A7" authority="Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds, 2001" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds" authorityYear="2001" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thrinax">
<emphasis id="FF8C8D3A5868868DE95FEC4D7276D4C8" italics="true">Avipeda thrinax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A484FDEFD244A1F65E4DCF17EE3E610" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE" refId="B88" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE (2001) Bird footprint from the Miocene of California. In: Reynolds RE (Ed) The Changing Face of the East Mojave Desert: Abstracts from the 2001 Desert Symposium, California, 21 - 40." year="2001">Sarjeant &amp; Reynolds, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F65B060EDEA1641E0B5E6BD49873641">
The studied materials of the Deh Nar section, show similar shape to the
<typeStatus id="83C560ED4038B1DA8379725406DEE0A0">type</typeStatus>
materials of
<taxonomicName id="A1687D850B61A24404BCCD05245497C6" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="830B5E492A1C16CCD546EA26ADD3F6A7" italics="true">A. phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mainly with its wide lateral digit angle, although the Den Nar materials are larger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
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<mods:title id="4703B28E8CD29F7056345186BF65220B">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D7D83F200C62788BDD0D032FCC9CE4B7">Abbassi, Nasrollah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A2B838AE613D26B17110235ED3A0515F">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="0366815714E740F110D28C023DA67CE4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="33112D5F2A7713133848B619F9961EC8">
<heading id="90BC99CE830C6B720C2C711B110CFB28" reason="label">Ichnospecies</heading>
<taxonomicName id="BAFAA2FA35C48083271D6C013E785E1C" authorityName="Ellenberger" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Lophiopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F820D99E22F41F3376DFB939E0ED5703" italics="true">Lophiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
isp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75E44D5A3AA017D482140A13DA512D22" type="description">
<paragraph id="11C6624A78ED92FBA632C602921C2ACB">
<figureCitation id="2AF6FD37D499542D78E2C60B622712F0" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A C. Lophiopus isp. preserved as convex hyporelief with its photogrammetry photo and outline sketch, sampled (IFMI - 684); D F. Moropopus elongatus preserved as convex hyporelief, including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled (IFMI - 685); Moropopus elongatus in lower bedding plane of large slab full of mud crack casts (G); H I. Close up view of behind footprints with outline sketch; J K. Front footprint with outline sketch." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167588">Fig. 7 A C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2NAI" type="material">
<paragraph id="B3503255C95C7C1BBF7E9E532C5730AA">
<heading id="A8FBDD9E0E58D6BF69E7573ADF5AE27B" reason="title">Material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D9B731A46F7D4685BD0CE0E4E61BBFCD">
<materialsCitation id="824C9FEA197D4409E45B9F04E0AB482D" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-684" specimenCount="1">
One specimen, collected (
<specimenCode id="79C2BE04D789FECFBD02886FB979818F">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EBOAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-684
</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGOAI" type="description">
<paragraph id="9991A29159135B06690196E45FDEA9D2">
<heading id="94C8D9FABD15A65DDD1E2601406EB4FF" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D05CF2C62DE477818B7916BC18876F9D">
One tridactyl footprint preserved as convex hyporelief in the lower bedding plane of the fine-grained, dark-brown sandstone. This bedding plane comprises flute and groove casts. The surface of the footprint is not smooth, and erosional structures encompass the footprint. One of the lateral digits shows three digital pad imprints, and digit
<collectionCode id="685D5F516C41CD0C5B7DC952C6B47454">III</collectionCode>
and the other lateral digit imprint are thick and lacking digital pad. The tips of the digits are sharp, the proximal rim of the footprint is curved and the sole imprint is not developed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A0811F94B70F2338DBE5787703EEA733" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure7" ID-arpha="6CACCE3E-6E8E-594C-BCE8-BDC8F68DB9F2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167588" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="3BA885693138D84B50AF536B74FE3450">
<label id="0501292D231C870001876E9DD3E76264">Figure 7.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24D613E51BE8C42402B7965C3E5573BD">
<emphasis id="34D2D0A47507AB1CB46264CB3094EFD2" bold="true">A C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E1318658105053EA46A45D0B33C0E0EE" authorityName="Ellenberger" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Lophiopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8AC8C26D2D537C0ACA919056F49D85DC" italics="true">Lophiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
isp. preserved as convex hyporelief with its photogrammetry photo and outline sketch, sampled (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E3OAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 684);
<emphasis id="F47D21C77885E13A9CE07FE9769F0202" bold="true">D F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="70E1A7470B30BDCEB5825063554BA19D" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="668380AE3E0ECEE43DF1340C061B8D1E" italics="true">Moropopus elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
preserved as convex hyporelief, including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EOPAI" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 685);
<taxonomicName id="72947E9AFAA3D4E1C0EE8FADD19C3219" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="3635F850B7194F7920BC551E675A4998" italics="true">Moropopus elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lower bedding plane of large slab full of mud crack casts (
<emphasis id="49E2B9130B61BFFCD95480203F43B1EA" bold="true">G</emphasis>
);
<emphasis id="767DB43CBCE05B51B6569CAB0E0F850C" bold="true">H I.</emphasis>
Close up view of behind footprints with outline sketch;
<emphasis id="DF89B97B3175F0171502222622A0A82C" bold="true">J K.</emphasis>
Front footprint with outline sketch.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJQAI" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CCA7AA7596B6F793F68587A6C17E15F9">
<heading id="EF996B49AA543EBB98F34DA7F1B23E22" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24877EA0F83644DCC7CCD6E028521EB1">
<bibRefCitation id="86D36432267BC91FD6A9656338DEBB7E" author="Ellenberger P" journalOrPublisher="Lavocat" pagination="37-78" refId="B31" refString="Ellenberger P (1980) Sur les empreintes de pas de gros mammiferes de l'Eocene superieur de Garrigues-Ste-Eulalie (Gard). Paleovertebrata, Memoire Jubile R. Lavocat 9: 37 - 78." title="Sur les empreintes de pas de gros mammiféres de lEocène supérieur de Garrigues-Ste-Eulalie (Gard). Paleovertebrata, Mémoire Jubilé R." volume="9" year="1980">Ellenberger, 1980</bibRefCitation>
considered two ichnospecies for
<taxonomicName id="68DFDFAA0F09118244CAC1A093C10ACB" authorityName="Ellenberger" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Lophiopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A6A5C66BC87E2A340B1F518D4F548D3E" italics="true">Lophiopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1DAF99E958548D5780E56B1D89009D4A" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Lophiopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lalus">
<emphasis id="312C04384DC918D0186C653BB6FCEA31" italics="true">L. lalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B4795D3B157023CDA80143623263C29C" authorityName="Ellenberger" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Lophiopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rapidus">
<emphasis id="B51AC92537E2CEA458063CA39606E83A" italics="true">L. rapidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="92EC57DEBF340E1EB3F364012FB21D9F" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Lophiopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lalus">
<emphasis id="627FBD0347D16F24E8E363F28E5D0635" italics="true">L. lalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a marked “ heel mark ” and an elongate digit
<collectionCode id="C7B4437C6315A5A2E7C8599EF1516240">III</collectionCode>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="787508A90ABA54D911B72BCF070FED5C" authorityName="Ellenberger" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Lophiopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rapidus">
<emphasis id="ED3BE8FF3ACB42CA7C92B53111633A13" italics="true">L. rapidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is wider, and its lateral or central digits are more rounded along the tips. No digital pads were mentioned for ichnospecies of
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<emphasis id="DC033BEFCB7B17B4012D2A6F24DE720F" italics="true">Lophiopus</emphasis>
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. The studied footprints of the Deh Nar area show similar morphology to
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in their round proximal outline, undeveloped sole imprint and distinct lateral digit imprints.
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<paragraph id="2DB909EDCDC25FC0B504C44254B9EF2E">
<heading id="0EFADCE57988B77529735F262D74B55A" reason="label">Ichnogenus</heading>
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<emphasis id="066C7CE394D526C2ABE004D4C17E8A37" italics="true">Zanclonychopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D0235F84DC8FDB8DF486A2F811711C94" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant &amp; Langston, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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ichnospecies.
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<emphasis id="440B23C814884579C7CE4A5CD83FA0C6" italics="true">Zanclonychopus cinicalcator</emphasis>
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.
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Plantigrade footprints, with manus and pes of similar size and with all digits strongly clawed. Digits
<collectionCode id="CE491E757E58C741C7A0F8186822BB73">II</collectionCode>
to
<collectionCode id="09F391F01403BAF90A033ED21CAD8800">IV</collectionCode>
most deeply impressed and forming, with palm or sole, an approximately oval shape (more marked in the pes); digit I set off to one side and impressed lightly or not at all. Tips and claws of inner digits curving outward, of outer digits curving inward. Inner phalangeal pads of pes fused; those of manus free.
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<paragraph id="9EF933D3E6C514589366FA1013602FC0">
<bibRefCitation id="BB55295C31657736773AF2BCAE47B60E" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
considered Creodonta as the trackmaker for
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, and compared it with American black bear for large footprints. The modern bears have large metatarsal and short metacarpal imprints with one pedal digit and distinctive long claws imprints.
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have the same sizes in the metatarsal and metacarpal imprints with long two to three pedal imprints. Exactly,
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differs from
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<emphasis id="01CC80C531E52342F46A64BB0F9C31CE" italics="true">Ursichnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0D96269E6882CAE8EE519088EBBD9D09" DOI="10.1080/10420940.2011.552578" author="Diedrich CG" firstAuthor="Diedrich" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Ichnos" pagination="9-26" refId="B29" refString="Diedrich CG (2011) An overview of the ichnological and ethological studies in the Cave Bear Den in Urşilor Cave (Western Carpathians, Romania). Ichnos 18 (1): 926. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2011.552578" title="An overview of the ichnological and ethological studies in the Cave Bear Den in Urşilor Cave (Western Carpathians, Romania)." volume="18" year="2011">Diedrich (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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by its position of digit I, shorter digit imprints and absence of claw imprints.
<emphasis id="8E8A6E317936D75986038A26680F3154" italics="true">Hirpexipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F47DD7F212369A036F5065BD5DFF88B6" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Reynolds RE &amp; Kissell-Jones MM" editor="Reynolds RE" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="California State University Desert Studies Consortium Fullerton" pagination="37-50" refId="B89" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Reynolds RE, Kissell-Jones MM (2002) Fossil creodont and carnivore footprints from California, Nevada, and Wyoming. In: Reynolds RE (Ed.) Between the Basins: Exploring the Western Mojave and Southern Basin and Range Province. California State University Desert Studies Consortium Fullerton, 3750." title="Fossil creodont and carnivore footprints from California, Nevada, and Wyoming." volumeTitle="Between the Basins: Exploring the Western Mojave and Southern Basin and Range Province." year="2002">Sarjeant et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
is known as semidigitigrade to semiplantigrade footprints with all digits long and with sharp claws.
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<emphasis id="971D891F703B4A6869477D0C34A9FC9E" italics="true">Zanclonychopus</emphasis>
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has stocky and shorter digit imprints.
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<subSubSection id="3105BAC233BEE8E3E3405A7AA03554DF" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="26EF448420848DE8B3E0E1E5147057AC">
<heading id="E12E23D3D635CB02676D3C6574B5CD14" reason="label">Ichnogenus</heading>
<taxonomicName id="F8F70B88C875A39DCB16978D7E655F93" authority="Panin &amp; Avram, 1962" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4D1CB38BF79B9E58D7F8AD1F8C02103" italics="true">Ardeipeda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7780B743891E241A4B8B454F30832AF" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpatilor rominesti. Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 7: 455 - 484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin &amp; Avram, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EBDAE" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="C204B72B3F6262AB2711AD3C605E8A2B">
<heading id="47EF41697B6EA3219F9AC83218A01213" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="6F825CCCF79E76ED525A6ADBF56F5BF9">Type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A4268A752C3961094EDCD1437ED46BD">
<taxonomicName id="79E64A6FA4172C7F9E3E8E152EEF50D7" authority="Panin &amp; Avram, 1962" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="0357B432DB508AA108651D1B09A48F78" italics="true">Ardeipeda egretta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C2836DE166333BA4A6AEE6BF5E601459" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpatilor rominesti. Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 7: 455 - 484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin &amp; Avram, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESDAE" type="Revised diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FA6978BBC8D8D29CB2756916F7E34403">
<heading id="C208489C056B61E6C550868F2E257C6F" reason="title">Revised diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="881853B83912BEC87FD0502025C2D350">
Avian footprints showing four digits, three (
<collectionCode id="61C5F62FB4DFC07A2F5738A3354D1998">II</collectionCode>
to
<collectionCode id="13964415225781994859C422954B4A40">IV</collectionCode>
) directed forward and large, the fourth (digit I) backward and somewhat smaller. The interdigital angles between digits
<collectionCode id="90F2CFDB7BB9479785D2B5DBF20491C4">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="F1456BF269DA6BAAB2A594B189AE5F65">III</collectionCode>
and between digits
<collectionCode id="EBB82F6586AD926D1F9D8B44CBE97BAB">III</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="8584BC420070EE2837AE9B52B8633DBA">IV</collectionCode>
are less than 70 °. The axis of digit I corresponds, or almost corresponds, with that of digit
<collectionCode id="55152F3FCF87A61CC5A374488AE0F85E">III</collectionCode>
, the interdigital angle between digits I and
<collectionCode id="C37EFECB46BCBEA1461ADC44B8E856A9">II</collectionCode>
being almost equal to that between digits I and
<collectionCode id="92D622A0CC99F2B2EBD2F071F3857B45">IV</collectionCode>
. Webbing absent (emended from
<bibRefCitation id="FC0685D85E464D6631E34C81E07B418C" author="Sarjeant and Langston" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3DAE" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5C593C483F04245517E077C03AA9D966">
<heading id="B1D5EB01C85509F6419D1FD281CFB0D7" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406955F74CE6887BE9D6945684B73738">Numerous tetradactyl non-webbed small to large footprints have been named from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits, and include:</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,69 +1,69 @@
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@ -87,11 +87,15 @@
<heading id="424798D308C1CE15ACEDCC409D659E24" reason="title">Materials.</heading>
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<paragraph id="C897DF0CE2E4EDB84EBC6959A4ED6F3E">
<materialsCitation id="6072512C0FBC7F4AA21F8DA02C4E2372" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-683" specimenCount="1">
Seven pes and manus footprints of five trackways, in three slabs, sampled (
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.
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@ -102,12 +106,13 @@ Seven pes and manus footprints of five trackways, in three slabs, sampled (
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B49B439BC2204AD4FE08C8B2B90247D1">
<materialsCitation id="1523FEF428BCF1B5291376637BD43A94" collectionCode="IFMI" collectorName="Specimen No." specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectorName id="D62EA3FB06697FA8D5B044D08B0F3B5F">Specimen No.</collectorName>
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EX6BG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">
<collectionCode id="EF1EA3792C3EE4CF0F3AF88C83553617">IFMI</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
- 683 / 2 includes pes and manus imprints.
<materialsCitation id="1523FEF428BCF1B5291376637BD43A94" collectionCode="IFMI" collectorName="Specimen No." specimenCode="IFMI-683" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Specimen No.
<specimenCode id="9F852C2173E62F458ECCE84F0248F915">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EX6BG" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-683
</specimenCode>
/ 2 includes pes and manus imprints.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
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<mods:title id="E74DE716CBE0146B1340A31F2414778F">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="7B10B0BD2831AAC116310FF7F7360FC7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="639C7F34FF2AB8F7748919AD86452EFD">
<heading id="D2A055F6A5C46FAFB90E876E4368187F" reason="label">Ichnogenus</heading>
<taxonomicName id="7BE2684D9FD1C612CAF8E032D9C4BF4D" authority="Panin &amp; Avram, 1962" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8DA58544D1F9BCF8A546EF07C30C263" italics="true">Gruipeda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48ABBBEB085B725BDF5EE2B1D50B61F1" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpatilor rominesti. Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 7: 455 - 484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin &amp; Avram, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EB5AG" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="A36F5754B8E328B383DB22039C3B115B">
<heading id="5FD233B30DB348F784246AEEAEDB6D65" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="8B46AEADAFE97106ED43C2E25FADC57A">Type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE98E34AC2B8314144CDA804416FBF40">
<taxonomicName id="04CE43DCDD137042336E83B0D0B616C3" authority="Panin &amp; Avram (1962)" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="1B0CB4AC145D7833F3F46ECC3E08607B" italics="true">Gruipeda maxima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="75EB4AC78542976BEF837F98A5B49E62" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpatilor rominesti. Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 7: 455 - 484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin &amp; Avram (1962)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ES5AG" type="Revised diagnosis">
<paragraph id="154248E3FA1597416F378620194BA807">
<heading id="E8692C54BA0A953D2CFF394AE5A4572D" reason="title">Revised diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="32346D6C6980C16A3640FA849D3B7930">
Footprints showing four-digit imprints, three of which (
<collectionCode id="58203E0CF4FC7044F0F7B3D691C6D954">II</collectionCode>
to
<collectionCode id="898395C5619BD94180F5F4EDD88976C9">IV</collectionCode>
) are directed forward and larger, the fourth (I), directed backward, spur-like and short. The interdigital angle between digits
<collectionCode id="ECCC2E2159891280D84D65ABFD0CD23A">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="36B69776998C918C3F1784FCBCE986B7">III</collectionCode>
and between digits
<collectionCode id="8544302CC134283466D88312954513FD">III</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="77839140237D7EF63179A777C0DB40F2">IV</collectionCode>
are commonly less than 70 °. The hallux imprint is posteromedially directed; the interdigital angle between digits I and
<collectionCode id="4A6861628B561C807A628C10877C9A8F">II</collectionCode>
being smaller than that between digits I and
<collectionCode id="58D1DC0A7F7C78937AA75F4F5CD12E3A">IV</collectionCode>
. When present, digital pad traces display the relationship I: 2,
<collectionCode id="0EE45A2EB2FF471C005DEA2F13ADBAC3">II</collectionCode>
: 2,
<collectionCode id="6F9F2283237D616E4F2AE179EB31445C">III</collectionCode>
: 3,
<collectionCode id="0D332AB978C80A5AF21039A334A8CE0B">IV</collectionCode>
: 4. Webbing trace absent (emended from de
<collectingRegion id="355FFD15208E490D9916B27C0E9B24C5" country="Switzerland" name="Valais">Valais</collectingRegion>
and Cónsole-Gonella 2019).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EX5AG" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A678A8360641BA295E041D078630BCA2">
<heading id="63C8B0280B5C44F06C2A1077480D9EF0" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A75B76962FE5B541671714B8F64DF10B">
<taxonomicName id="14EBD051200964FCB769F659E5D1AE3B" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D99DBFCA355D71FC0E9951C536FD5CA9" italics="true">Gruipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a well-known bird footprint, and mostly reported as tetradactyl from the Cenozoic sediments.
<bibRefCitation id="0B2FE64C2E7B579DB52598EBAE0576F5" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" firstAuthor="Panin" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti. Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie 7: 455484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin and Avram (1962)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName id="020C8F6F6F72FDE9321CC12B70AC6766" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CF6AEFDAC7C1268E8AC56CA0B7FC16D8" italics="true">Gruipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for tetradactyl small bird footprints with a short description and without
<typeStatus id="4AF7610FF3FB6FF918C0BE2A71986880">type</typeStatus>
materials.
<bibRefCitation id="46C1D0FEAD1B989BB99CD83414BAA348" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
emended its diagnosis and considered number, position and shape of digit imprints, and interdigital angel, as main characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="C2807891D3E20D51314C230D617D3381" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FDCA8D4005851F442744D50DD7CB09D2" italics="true">Gruipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. de
<collectingRegion id="C1F9F7B8A4E3E6A0FAB282E059FB68D1" country="Switzerland" name="Valais">Valais</collectingRegion>
and Cónsole-Gonella (2019) however followed
<bibRefCitation id="6AB4DC01C43EB843BB91FE45A3B4EAAA" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
and reformulated the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="44E45D177B4D905E36006E1C74D510A8" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6F4D4931FDB1978119A1CE25C29DAF43" italics="true">Gruipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by extending the description of interdigital angles and number of digital pad traces. Numerous ichnospecies have been introduced for
<taxonomicName id="C6725CD3AD4B7315959488BDB5845385" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="45FFFFC5A949DDA50167D29D1D0BD66B" italics="true">Gruipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on original
<typeStatus id="01421C43B6A7472716A95B04A17487C3">type</typeStatus>
materials or by new recombination from other ichnogenera.
<bibRefCitation id="2C28BA4B7AE8661E78C2F7595B4897D1" DOI="10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.08.039" author="Abbassi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Abbassi" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pagination="78-89" refId="B7" refString="Abbassi N, Lucas SG, Zaare GR (2015) First Report of Oligocene Vertebrate Footprints from Iran. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 440: 7889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.08.039" title="First Report of Oligocene Vertebrate Footprints from Iran." volume="440" year="2015">Abbassi et al. (2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="73E73BFA2FBC9CAEAA0D20C26750CA45" italics="true">in press</emphasis>
) listed the following ichnospecies:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAFD3AFF32B361CD77F72452A8584EFA">
<taxonomicName id="F6653F7B43F9AD1A59B9103CA98CAF48" authority="Panin &amp; Avram, 1962" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="55A71BDBA5EEE2E309178663B498AD5B" italics="true">Gruipeda maxima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6E0A53DCD5655F1392C666E9DBD72595" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpatilor rominesti. Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 7: 455 - 484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin &amp; Avram, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C660129ED15A83C98970BBDD3C097D9">
<taxonomicName id="48E0066E6BBA630AB7B6D47167A9EBE1" authority="Panin &amp; Avram, 1962" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="becassi">
<emphasis id="7203E632A9C56F32752469CFEB814656" italics="true">Gruipeda becassi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="655F472092EBA756C362FF859506F70E" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpatilor rominesti. Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 7: 455 - 484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin &amp; Avram, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51B215D142A850894652582AD3E7AF25">
<taxonomicName id="738BCB83C840BCA1F159432CFA7047BB" authority="Panin &amp; Avram, 1962" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
<emphasis id="F579C928564C592B086A4B4380E91C30" italics="true">Gruipeda disjuncta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B141D04F9CFB05DF364B78619743EFE0" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpatilor rominesti. Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 7: 455 - 484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin &amp; Avram, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3564404E2805548B4737B2CB3A579EFC">
<taxonomicName id="C3C9244F99CB8375E8B2976862F845E1" authority="Panin, 1965" authorityName="Panin" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="0B5D878344B2C044E794A2B85BDE985E" italics="true">Gruipeda minor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7F2CA5EDA54070AFD53B7FBB2EA434D0" author="Panin N" journalOrPublisher="Revue roumaine de ge ́ ologie, ge ́ ophysique et ge ́ ographie, Serie Géologie" pagination="141-163" refId="B75" refString="Panin N (1965) Coexistence de traces de pas de vertebres et des mecanoglyphes dans la Molasse Miocene des Carpates Orientales. Revue roumaine de ge´ologie, ge´ophysique et ge´ographie, Serie Geologie 9: 141 - 163." title="Coexistence de traces de pas de vertébrés et des mêcanoglyphes dans la Molasse Miocéne des Carpates Orientales." volume="9" year="1965">Panin, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B8C87F4698BD484AE5866CBC2E7E79F">
<taxonomicName id="51AA7B49FEC985E12F6EBC989C6F0F36" authority="Panin, 1965" authorityName="Panin" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="6433B04F2D512FDE2A9E57FD0D78E368" italics="true">Gruipeda intermedia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="703489305CC5A5826019F7C14BAC6023" author="Panin N" journalOrPublisher="Revue roumaine de ge ́ ologie, ge ́ ophysique et ge ́ ographie, Serie Géologie" pagination="141-163" refId="B75" refString="Panin N (1965) Coexistence de traces de pas de vertebres et des mecanoglyphes dans la Molasse Miocene des Carpates Orientales. Revue roumaine de ge´ologie, ge´ophysique et ge´ographie, Serie Geologie 9: 141 - 163." title="Coexistence de traces de pas de vertébrés et des mêcanoglyphes dans la Molasse Miocéne des Carpates Orientales." volume="9" year="1965">Panin, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="972A1CE97B92E0DCF54CCFCC1D8E3A20">
<taxonomicName id="DDCBB410702F8FFC709348DA4E8E4D80" authority="Vialov, 1965" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="42334F76365CE081E266EA7447C978E2" italics="true">Gruipeda filiportatis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4CE61C8DE4CDDF9C14B73A567802A9CD" author="Vialov OS" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovuh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9E2C9050E5D52DB00EA27BF07264961">
<taxonomicName id="3BDED27C2A35B09D01D41F649BFDAD15" authority="Panin et al., 1966" authorityName="Panin" authorityYear="1966" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grus">
<emphasis id="8CEB8706815404E6707587989F669E46" italics="true">Gruipeda grus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D77C13446D20417681E710851B55B70" author="Panin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Panin" journalOrPublisher="Buletinul Institutului de petrol, gaze şi geologie" pagination="9-21" refId="B77" refString="Panin N, Lăzărescu V, Grujinski C (1966) Un nou sector ichno-fosilifer in terenurile Miocene din Carpatii Orientali. Buletinul Institutului de petrol, gaze şi geologie 14: 921." title="Un nou sector ichno-fosilifer in terenurile Miocene din Carpatii Orientali." volume="14" year="1966">Panin et al., 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9C5D7EBBFCAFB5DF99179A68F925ED8">
<taxonomicName id="9A00E5E4903A367862BFCA502925E998" authority="Lambrecht, 1938" authorityName="Lambrecht" authorityYear="1938" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abeli">
<emphasis id="F0A795601C5B27B9B508F8A51EAE7B66" italics="true">Gruipeda abeli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="33661AB4D8400C593FA0AFD702371910" author="Lambrecht K" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiologica" pagination="242-245" refId="B47" refString="Lambrecht K (1938) Urmiornis abeli n. sp., eine Pliozane Vogel-Fahrte aus Persien. Palaeobiologica 6: 242 - 245." title="Urmiornis abeli n. sp., eine Pliozäne Vogel-Fährte aus Persien." volume="6" year="1938">Lambrecht, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="487BC779D9FAC9DFCB9C391DF6EFB7B7">
<taxonomicName id="695CB0AD45F42FC499E7A452242C5774" authority="Sarjeant &amp; Langston, 1994" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Langston" authorityYear="1994" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarifera">
<emphasis id="B91A6B124AD2959DCE811B0084364354" italics="true">Gruipeda calcarifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="014AA6F9D3750AC512D45B742AAE2414" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant &amp; Langston, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F7312CB2F89A6C876E71148082AD628">
<taxonomicName id="256F8161B31B797998BD482B151F36E5" authority="Remeika, 1999" authorityName="Remeika" authorityYear="1999" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diabloensis">
<emphasis id="B23C780BD05AB814E55BD7E5F05B98CB" italics="true">Gruipeda diabloensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB358EFA72923D094A73593FF2886ED0" author="Remeika P" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly" pagination="37-46" refId="B83" refString="Remeika P (1999) Identification, stratigraphy, and age of Neogene vertebrate footprints from the Vallecito-Fish Creek Basin, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California. San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly 46 (2): 37 - 46." title="Identification, stratigraphy, and age of Neogene vertebrate footprints from the Vallecito-Fish Creek Basin, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California." volume="46" year="1999">Remeika, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26D62C9D7B8CA077AB65C30AF6E798C3">
<taxonomicName id="68BC99BB37B749C3E613B8A029FAD7FD" authority="Mirzaie Ataabadi &amp; Khazaee, 2004" authorityName="Mirzaie Ataabadi &amp; Khazaee" authorityYear="2004" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lambrechti">
<emphasis id="0AEABCBFF13B3E6CC5FFB2120EC758E8" italics="true">Gruipeda lambrechti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7333E291F05F01EE9376F2DA3426AFAA" DOI="10.1080/10420940490428724" author="Mirzaie Ataabadi M &amp; Khazaee AR" journalOrPublisher="Ichnos" pagination="363-370" refId="B66" refString="Mirzaie Ataabadi M, Khazaee AR (2004) New Eocene mammal and bird footprints from Birjand Area, Eastern Iran. Ichnos 11: 363 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10420940490428724" title="New Eocene mammal and bird footprints from Birjand Area, Eastern Iran." volume="11" year="2004">Mirzaie Ataabadi &amp; Khazaee, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E6B950BDF2D7142DA02A840A98744474">
<taxonomicName id="8BBBED8204005D86FA16B75D107070B9" authorityName="de Valais &amp; Melchor" authorityYear="2008" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominguensis">
<emphasis id="68C6AAF1632BB8CDD19654E05110F5BF" italics="true">Gruipeda dominguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B676164B938CAF0BC95D978A1B7724A2" DOI="10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[145:IOBFAE]2.0.CO;2" author="De Valais S &amp; Melchor RN" refId="B26" refString="De Valais S, Melchor RN (2008) Ichnotaxonomy of bird-like footprints: an example from the Late Triassic - Early Jurassic of northwest Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 145 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2008) 28 [145: IOBFAE] 2.0. CO; 2" year="2008">
de
<collectingRegion id="8932F0C3B21EDB1ED337CE04E248E7F7" country="Switzerland" name="Valais">Valais</collectingRegion>
&amp; Melchor, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38B5E0261058D4CE0EC819EB84962A49">
<taxonomicName id="308F86C66FF1828B01A342D6AD64BF6D" authority="Covacevich &amp; Lamperein, 1970" authorityName="Covacevich &amp; Lamperein" authorityYear="1970" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuenzalidae">
<emphasis id="DE73A66A7A12ACF6B3B01E022B37C2D8" italics="true">Gruipeda fuenzalidae</emphasis>
Covacevich &amp; Lamperein, 1970
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F063E5882B622CEA4A45C3634B774892">
<taxonomicName id="04649A471A0DE90E3A206076777F2B84" authority="Fiorillo et al., 2011" authorityName="Fiorillo" authorityYear="2011" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vegrandiunus">
<emphasis id="A00A9887FD8930639EA13D3652C14CA9" italics="true">Gruipeda vegrandiunus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="886E30CBA479BA90D4B5CEE073A7888C" DOI="10.1080/14772019.2010.509356" author="Fiorillo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fiorillo" refId="B34" refString="Fiorillo AR, Hasiotis ST, Kobayashi Y, Breithaupt BH, McCarthy PJ (2011) Bird tracks from the Upper Cretaceous Cantwell Formation of Denali National Park, Alaska, USA: a new perspective on ancient northern polar vertebrate biodiversity, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9 (1): 3349. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2010.509356" year="2011">Fiorillo et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="610202B2377C9480DBB3D68DF50789A6">
<taxonomicName id="A111FCCB36D4796CEA7EB5B885B2EFF3" authority="Radan &amp; Brustur, 1993" authorityName="Radan &amp; Brustur" authorityYear="1993" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limosa">
<emphasis id="53D3680E58BCB6DA14AC04E97B43B29F" italics="true">Gruipeda limosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA677A0E03AD22AAF070681031356F65" author="Rădan S &amp; Brustur T" journalOrPublisher="Studii și Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="71-80" refId="B80" refString="Radan S, Brustur T (1993) Urme de pasi de pasari in Oligocenul superior din bazinul Petrosani (Carpații Meridionali). Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 38: 71 - 80." title="Urme de pași de păsări în Oligocenul superior din bazinul Petroșani (Carpații Meridionali)." volume="38" year="1993">Rădan &amp; Brustur, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1DBD8E002C9F38A7C543C29CFDD6CA81">
<bibRefCitation id="F312D6932F70B08B7482866ADE5FEA42" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" firstAuthor="Panin" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti. Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie 7: 455484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin and Avram (1962)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName id="82A4A7D971FAA12708809FAAAB6D9601" class="Aves" genus="Charadriipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
<emphasis id="BA0FFB62212BA9D746A11D93534290A1" italics="true">Charadriipeda disjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a tridactyl bird footprint lacking a digit I imprint.
<bibRefCitation id="8097D44B32A2D27E132522484D8DCA83" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
recombined it as
<taxonomicName id="B5BD8F60AFA56E7EA2ACDB631F2542B0" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
<emphasis id="EE279007D6A21570D8F58DEEB1B1B9DE" italics="true">Gruipeda disjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because
<taxonomicName id="0E672BAE1BF499FD40597D199A3215C2" class="Aves" genus="Charadriipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
<emphasis id="F9CBF5887D125B3985C7773E57D86743" italics="true">Charadriipeda disjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a true tridactyl this recombination is not confirmed. Based on this reason, the recombination of
<taxonomicName id="895B5EA81795288692478AF8F4A78C1E" authority="(Panin, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Panin" baseAuthorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Charadriipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9B22635ABD6EBB6E42414DFCA483B37E" italics="true">Charadriipeda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7DF315F3B5FAE5F5B5411725BE1E26C3" author="Panin N" journalOrPublisher="Revue roumaine de ge ́ ologie, ge ́ ophysique et ge ́ ographie, Serie Géologie" pagination="141-163" refId="B75" refString="Panin N (1965) Coexistence de traces de pas de vertebres et des mecanoglyphes dans la Molasse Miocene des Carpates Orientales. Revue roumaine de ge´ologie, ge´ophysique et ge´ographie, Serie Geologie 9: 141 - 163." title="Coexistence de traces de pas de vertébrés et des mêcanoglyphes dans la Molasse Miocéne des Carpates Orientales." volume="9" year="1965">Panin, 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="1B2FFC0CFAD037714F91E75CD3E93DBB" authorityName="Panin" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="571C405C036B57AF287706B5C8D4EE6E" italics="true">Gruipeda minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="8EA54614D36F133BB66A9A32B1198A7B" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
is not correct.
<taxonomicName id="7F76CCA770E4832BAA0EF4BDAEEEFFEE" authority="Vialov (1965)" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="39A95DAF7B7FB4B8E599804B1D124A84" italics="true">Avipeda filiportatis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1FDCF10B64B00662DFA5B0866D94153B" author="Vialov OS" firstAuthor="Vialov" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka, Kiev" refId="B95" refString="Vialov OS (1965) Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 178 pp." title="Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassez Predkarpatszkovo progiva [Stratigraphy of the Neogene molasse of the PreCarpathian basin]." year="1965">Vialov (1965)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was recombined as
<taxonomicName id="5FB27B8883379B13E13A8B03B49FECE5" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="A146A68625C781F311C9185E7EF6B93C" italics="true">Gruipeda filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="D1A3B8689606888BE6E73BCB70ADC76B" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
but later replaced under
<taxonomicName id="DDD049DF728C8F72EADF35BB6149E217" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D711544C74541EAD8B113715904D658C" italics="true">Ardeipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C0F9E7F12C616FBD26A694B604EA64DB" author="Lockley MG &amp; Harris J" editor="Ulrich PK &amp; Willett JH" firstAuthor="Lockley" journalOrPublisher="Nova Science Publishers, New York" pagination="1-63" refId="B53" refString="Lockley MG, Harris J (2010) On the trail of early birds: A review of the fossil footprint record of avian morphological evolution and behavior. In: Ulrich PK, Willett JH (Eds) Trends in Ornithological Research. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 163." title="On the trail of early birds: A review of the fossil footprint record of avian morphological evolution and behavior." volumeTitle="Trends in Ornithological Research." year="2010">Lockley and Harris (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="500A7D56BA4151E1ECD36FC9550F0D55" author="Sarjeant WAS &amp; Langston WJ" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston (1994)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<emphasis id="740AAA5E0D31E5497B8D9098422B0CDA" italics="true">
Iranipeda
<taxonomicName id="10468154B3FA00527AD765B012C7D3DC" authority="(Lambrecht, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Lambrecht" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abeli">
abeli (
<bibRefCitation id="A095F8D581D90A5DDFE118F0AD4BA946" author="Lambrecht K" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiologica" pagination="242-245" refId="B47" refString="Lambrecht K (1938) Urmiornis abeli n. sp., eine Pliozane Vogel-Fahrte aus Persien. Palaeobiologica 6: 242 - 245." title="Urmiornis abeli n. sp., eine Pliozäne Vogel-Fährte aus Persien." volume="6" year="1938">Lambrecht, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
as
<taxonomicName id="1D1AA8DD7B585D431EC4471BBCB023B3" baseAuthorityName="Lambrecht" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abeli">
<emphasis id="AA2AF03731EE0C6B0465826EC319446D" italics="true">Gruipeda abeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but Abbassi et al. (2016) and
<bibRefCitation id="D3FE20B8127219ED87B773DF91A678CD" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2023.2173071" author="Abbassi N &amp; Gasparik M &amp; Kordos L &amp; Esmaeili F" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Abbassi" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="562-571" refId="B6" refString="Abbassi N, Gasparik M, Kordos L, Esmaeili F (2024) Evaluation of Iranipeda abeli (Avian track) from the Zagros Mountains, SW Iran: re-examination of the original material and overview of primary sources. Historical Biology 36 (3): 562571. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2173071" title="Evaluation of Iranipeda abeli (Avian track) from the Zagros Mountains, SW Iran: re-examination of the original material and overview of primary sources." volume="36" year="2024">Abbassi et al. (2024)</bibRefCitation>
reevaluated its taxonomic position and considered
<emphasis id="8AAB00BD7AA7B692FA731D3D4F46571E" italics="true">
Iranipeda
<taxonomicName id="C4DB9B045AE024A51AC16A8B3A16AA24" baseAuthorityName="Lambrecht" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abeli">abeli</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
as valid. Melchor in
<bibRefCitation id="FC41CDECA025BFFF05C273891D22D29E" author="Abbassi N &amp; Melchor RN &amp; Díaz-Martínez I" refId="B8" refString="Abbassi N, Melchor RN, Díaz-Martínez I (In press) Ichnotaxonomy of Paleogene and Neogene tetrapod tracks. In: Lucas SG, Hunt AP, Klein H (Eds) Vertebrate Ichnology, Tetrapod Tracks and Trackways. Elsevier.">Abbassi et al. (in press</bibRefCitation>
) listed
<taxonomicName id="2A7E4C75FF1B3FDD69375AB3ACAB2565" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grus">
<emphasis id="0FF646192031508CB78F0D940F6B548E" italics="true">Gruipeda grus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="91B96723CEDCEB425286C833FEC336A7" authorityName="Remeika" authorityYear="1999" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diabloensis">
<emphasis id="8F7F171C245D15FA81A92D894AC3218E" italics="true">Gruipeda diabloensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0C6A7FD9B5A423CE475869D19561E020" authorityName="Radan &amp; Brustur" authorityYear="1993" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limosa">
<emphasis id="23721A88541058156348DC2AF27C912A" italics="true">Gruipeda limosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<emphasis id="BCA1DD89B0BC60EAE6C8AC65EB30A75D" italics="true">nomina dubia</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="78BFEDED411B304A446E2A6E20C2EE6A" authorityName="Panin" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="9833A9ACA62FAD2318B6EEA7AA7F42F8" italics="true">Gruipeda minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0928EF807E3DD2ED05D9CC1FB23A7F7E" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vegrandiunus">
<emphasis id="C4F2BCA9429EC393210DB402C97FE821" italics="true">Gruipeda vegrandiunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
equal to
<taxonomicName id="4F71799E7F8163EA27A712E4582DBC0B" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D04CA76B7CF9E3E5B7D56D0F2C0F8F76" italics="true">Avipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He classified
<taxonomicName id="1E0501ECF09199055864C64FACAE9258" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="939CC5235EFE334410F3C990AD233989" italics="true">Gruipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into three groups of ichnospecies considering the footprint length (including the hallux): 1)
<taxonomicName id="8CCEACC07FEEF9962D479B71B665A52D" authorityName="Mirzaie Ataabadi &amp; Khazaee" authorityYear="2004" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lambrechti">
<emphasis id="38C2FEDADEB8EDCCE7A8A722D39BA23C" italics="true">G. lambrechti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B23F1411D2E184B99FFD7ECACB9CE909" authorityName="Panin" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="74417791E567005925F757F667D3412D" italics="true">G. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D6C5D331E23CAF65DEB9CFD4E28D4780" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="1AEEF19FC9E3E5FA38CC612828F0C527" italics="true">G. filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="13C3B8E7E0CFC3A5623F62BC33D16235" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="DBC8863DD1E5F392C5402D4126D06B56" italics="true">G. maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are large (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHPBG" xlink_title="footprint length">
<collectionCode id="7C4CD4580B3C078EB15BEC80FC28E8FD">FL</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
<subScript id="171FDD67BEB420823A4373983E657F2A">h</subScript>
=
<quantity id="67BAA30B29E5E18658A73EA1DF745CEB" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="mm" value="146.0" valueMax="172.0" valueMin="120.0">120172 mm</quantity>
); 2)
<taxonomicName id="1DF65678FEA6F1FB296AEED8EA23E282" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="becassi">
<emphasis id="E8D4D3A4D4066B9D5A1BF75947A9E612" italics="true">G. becassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A7607113BE5B7281A673ECCED5718EF0" authorityName="Radan &amp; Brustur" authorityYear="1993" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limosa">
<emphasis id="6F6CA9322354D31E5812E95DE20247BC" italics="true">G. limosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an intermediate size (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECQBG" xlink_title="footprint length">
<collectionCode id="F38EBF075AF8E285DEE5643BB32C1908">FL</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
<subScript id="8C1A545999E7AC3974F4FCE0608FC113">h</subScript>
=
<quantity id="70338F302D867542CAFD8E10E15C68E2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="55.0">5565 mm</quantity>
); and 3)
<taxonomicName id="01F27AF483435D82B6B97F7EA6DA7394" authorityName="Covacevich &amp; Lamperein" authorityYear="1970" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuenzalidae">
<emphasis id="361ADA82EB00C30197F7C02B41F139D1" italics="true">G. fuenzalidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E04023D233A939F2F95E6AAF6CC676EF" authorityName="Sarjeant &amp; Langston" authorityYear="1994" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarifera">
<emphasis id="21EFB3A82180A8DA9DF70F9161DB777D" italics="true">G. calcarifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BA1346BF629C541D0233FBB3A6DC555B" authorityName="de Valais &amp; Melchor" authorityYear="2008" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominguensis">
<emphasis id="88704F3C82C87E3B3427793BB44E193D" italics="true">G. dominguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D8651D8A0A6EF27C1846DFA01D05F8AD" authorityName="Remeika" authorityYear="1999" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diabloensis">
<emphasis id="D40491B2FD97B2AD19445069B9EE6BA7" italics="true">G. diabloensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are small (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETRBG" xlink_title="footprint length">
<collectionCode id="B6C5B7724D9F5CCA36F97BAAB095305C">FL</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
<subScript id="0576127A7F08EB8C97372F671B51A463">h</subScript>
=
<quantity id="62799003BE0D1335BB081D65ADA11878" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="27.0">2735 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
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<mods:title id="74D3FE1E24DE340331DCD4C8D6123ECA">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97799FDBB51D8C9DD5A0BE70B98D6DDB">Abbassi, Nasrollah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="001D22A462C99FBECB85D1B047788D2B">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="79727004088BF7E56CFD19CEB56F0020">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D62E937335C823070684292FB5F424AA">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran &amp; Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="E7B8B780F1C2D073E23F34849BFD46A5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="16B9BB8D229E2203D5360E324AF372DC">
<heading id="6E040DF8AD999D03CAFD8F6C94BADE89" reason="label">Ichnogenus</heading>
<taxonomicName id="85D18862DD4F13FA2BA3BFA3CCC2C510" authority="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas, 2017" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" class="Mammalia" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E74C8CB2713CC57D571EE8C562BF1936" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7AAC43F3C0DFB874CDFC6C3B94759524" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2016.1267162" author="Abbassi N &amp; Alinasiri S &amp; Lucas SG" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="987-1006" refId="B4" refString="Abbassi N, Alinasiri S, Lucas SG (2017) New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran. Historical Biology 29: 987 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2016. 1267162" title="New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran." volume="29" year="2017">Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQTAI" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="6B441B5A50C0C90DFE3638C0F973D893">
<heading id="8E712940F339C04B3D0853E5AD0F9FB0" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="3B6C013123AF81361F9B4627335DCD68">Type</typeStatus>
ichnospecies.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A9FB6F4A1FB5820613676D14F84E876">
<taxonomicName id="AFB1A5688E543F61691AC565B8CF0A3E" authority="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas, 2017" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B22AD131D4DB3A73CEC53C436A671800" italics="true">Moropopus elongatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E7CAB0DFB0068EB9E8F1D73C24D89AFB" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2016.1267162" author="Abbassi N &amp; Alinasiri S &amp; Lucas SG" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="987-1006" refId="B4" refString="Abbassi N, Alinasiri S, Lucas SG (2017) New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran. Historical Biology 29: 987 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2016. 1267162" title="New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran." volume="29" year="2017">Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBUAI" type="Emended diagnosis">
<paragraph id="43765F9BA2987BDD9A64FD527EA3F911">
<heading id="6847D275BE70F5C01FECED8E64FB47EF" reason="title">Emended diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B9DFF28F8CDC1507B08137224512336">
Medium-sized tridactyl footprints with elongated oval to ellipsoidal to fusiform digit imprints. Two digital pads may be present in lateral digits. Digit imprints connect to metatarsus by a narrower proximal imprint. Lateral digits (digit
<collectionCode id="BAE05E8E52C46DE0B9C0B998D94EA7DF">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="C915FABECE6358BDD0DD0E15ACF4186F">IV</collectionCode>
) are smaller than the middle digit (digit
<collectionCode id="EE2B25E6E69342E097B550077AB18E07">III</collectionCode>
) and are curved toward the front. Digit
<collectionCode id="3CEBE04C80430C3C2EB1429F00827F32">III</collectionCode>
imprint is wider in the front. Digit
<collectionCode id="0DEFB0257DB1A9959D62D8BD160F2B28">III</collectionCode>
tip is completely curved, and the tips of lateral digits may curve or end in elongate sharp tips, like the claw imprints. Metatarsus imprints include two metatarsal pads with a complete rounded back, or with two lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGUAI" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="991E718D1CAF303658C21206F3960646">
<heading id="5759C21881ED2552267E653BF172925B" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="475A35D0679DC433E585CCE747D6E0A3">
The narrow proximal part of digit imprints is a distinctive feature of
<taxonomicName id="E8F629A2EBB1C63B5D39D6783DE0039D" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D805D34A8DED07DFE527E73CA3FC3A42" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which distinguishes it from the other tridactyl ichnogenera of perissodactyls. The presence of sharp tips on the lateral digits of the pes imprint of the Deh Nar footprints caused an emended diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="0EA3849A74CA36F746092941A5FD95E8" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2ED0A86C31E22A6819CD28C05FD5B622" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and introduced a second ichnospecies of
<taxonomicName id="3CF6E1DD13231A5251289F5970F8350D" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6D5C56F685218A3133A66CC89BB8E11F" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1894C2D7C597168835FA27F0FF6CE27A">
In Asia, mammal tridactyl ungulate footprints have been reported from Early Tertiary of
<collectingCountry id="846505F4B35659213A8AFCC16BACCEE5" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(Lockley et al. 1999), Oligoene of
<collectingCountry id="661556F1BE1226277AE8DCEB19DFC5D6" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CA8BA8FC9B43F66A15F7F97CAE46A9B5" DOI="10.1007/s12040-013-0396-6" author="Rajkumar and Klein" firstAuthor="Rajkumar" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Earth System Science" pagination="413-420" refId="B82" refString="Rajkumar HS, Klein H (2014) First perissodactyl footprints from Flysch deposits of the Barail Group (Lower Oligocene) of Manipur, India. Journal of Earth System Science 123 (2): 413420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-013-0396-6" title="First perissodactyl footprints from Flysch deposits of the Barail Group (Lower Oligocene) of Manipur, India." volume="123" year="2014">Rajkumar and Klein 2014</bibRefCitation>
) and Eocene-Oligocene of
<collectingCountry id="DA42D6C60D256EE8968B71AFCCF39F34" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CCC257CB8F8EE5EAB77D93E7F590776D" DOI="10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.08.039" author="Abbassi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Abbassi" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pagination="78-89" refId="B7" refString="Abbassi N, Lucas SG, Zaare GR (2015) First Report of Oligocene Vertebrate Footprints from Iran. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 440: 7889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.08.039" title="First Report of Oligocene Vertebrate Footprints from Iran." volume="440" year="2015">Abbassi et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7DA82A45DFD1275F8B9A781BA9878A65" DOI="10.1080/08912963.2016.1267162" author="Abbassi" firstAuthor="Abbassi" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pagination="987-1006" refId="B4" refString="Abbassi N, Alinasiri S, Lucas SG (2017) New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran. Historical Biology 29: 9871006. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2016.1267162" title="New localities of Late Eocene vertebrate footprints from the Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran." volume="29" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
). Oligoene tridactyl footprints of
<collectingCountry id="9A961B4B6B1D0BE9FDFD7A68BD72693A" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
strongly resemble those described from
<collectingCountry id="6A30CD8C7321580D1A7A6DEE4646A0C6" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6E0F5D3AD1DD8BBA199621FB9E3DD5A4" DOI="10.1007/s12040-013-0396-6" author="Rajkumar and Klein" firstAuthor="Rajkumar" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Earth System Science" pagination="413-420" refId="B82" refString="Rajkumar HS, Klein H (2014) First perissodactyl footprints from Flysch deposits of the Barail Group (Lower Oligocene) of Manipur, India. Journal of Earth System Science 123 (2): 413420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-013-0396-6" title="First perissodactyl footprints from Flysch deposits of the Barail Group (Lower Oligocene) of Manipur, India." volume="123" year="2014">Rajkumar and Klein 2014</bibRefCitation>
) and differ from Irans Oligocene tridactyl footprints in morphology and size.
<bibRefCitation id="DF6740145901F1C60DCB9BD2F288CB89" author="Demathieu G &amp; Ginsburg L &amp; Guerin C &amp; Truc G" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Demathieu" refId="B28" refString="Demathieu G, Ginsburg L, Guerin C, Truc G (1984) Étude paléontologique, ichnologique et paléoécologique du gisement oligocène de Saignon (bassin dApt, Vaucluse). Bulletin du Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, 4 e série, section C 2: 153183." year="1984">Demathieu et al. (1984)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="7ADC098263C32251B3D3143B5FAFD37B" authorityName="Demathieu, Ginsburg, Guérin &amp; Truc" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" genus="Ronzotherichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F7082D92E29044E534832C8EA4D3B552" italics="true">Ronzotherichnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with short digit imprints not connected to the metatarsus imprint and thus differing from
<taxonomicName id="8CEF8CBFC67A75B52C2ACB443B135768" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1435F43F81437B4F0FD7F755E107458" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Usually, tridactyl footprints in perissodactyls show round outlines in the distal part of digits, however some ichnogenera of tridactyls have sharp tips in the lateral digits, such as
<taxonomicName id="D0E0C623C11861FDB82F059C7E32FF50" authority="Santamaria et al. (1989 - 1990" authorityName="Santamaria et al. (1989 -" authorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" genus="Plagiolophustipus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9FB7ED0B1C91783BD4B195923859D61" italics="true">Plagiolophustipus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A6F8939DBD99B3CC14513342FB285332" author="Santamaria R &amp; López G &amp; Casanovas-Cladellas ML" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologia i Evolució" pagination="141-152" refId="B86" refString="Santamaria R, López G, Casanovas-Cladellas ML (19891990) Nuevos yacimientos con icnitas de mamíferos del Oligoceno de los alrededores de Agramunt (Lleida, España). Paleontologia i Evolució 23: 141152." title="Nuevos yacimientos con icnitas de mamíferos del Oligoceno de los alrededores de Agramunt (Lleida, España)." volume="23">Santamaria et al. (19891990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="18FEBA4DBE7D6F8CC042843D92AE8ACB" authorityName="Abbassi, Alinasiri &amp; Lucas" authorityYear="2017" genus="Moropopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E68DDD889D86795F3FF1419181C74CF9" italics="true">Moropopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="B8DBB5DBD0A68DE95F6F71318F2630A8" authorityName="Santamaria et al. (1989 -" authorityYear="1990" class="Mammalia" genus="Plagiolophustipus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF75A6DEF9B4FB1B81CAA68C70831F5" italics="true">Plagiolophustipus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its narrow digit
<collectionCode id="B5E80A2A4273B508C00204682D95F4DE">III</collectionCode>
imprint.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
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<mods:title id="A7164BFFB8DFAF46C3827442542B7DD5">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="8D3AFFD896B98E463C952F331E08F8E3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F725162683EF723E7EBFC39B94564B3C">
<heading id="10CA044866B1D9BD83A92272405311B6" reason="label">Ichnospecies</heading>
<taxonomicName id="CB962DDE18EECDCA8691DAF069115C5D" authority="Panin &amp; Avram, 1962" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" kingdom="Animalia" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="203B286613263DF8AE94EF225698E863" italics="true">Ardeipeda egretta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="938DB544343361313C4FF26115583404" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpatilor rominesti. Studii si Cercetari de Geologie 7: 455 - 484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin &amp; Avram, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2105BD83CE8964AFD80E5FE3A1167C8" type="description">
<paragraph id="E79682619E7033F72EC0E8836A4B1CE3">
<figureCitation id="74830E908461EF5B280C2BA86DF526BA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A, B. Ardeipeda egretta, trackway a 1 a 3 and Gruipeda dominguensis (b), sampled specimen, IFMI - 680; C, D. Aviadactyla vialovi trackway b 1 and Gruipeda dominguensis, trackway a 1 a 4; mcc mud crack cast; nvs non-vertebrate structures; sampled specimen, IFMI - 681." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167583">Fig. 2 A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWNAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="AF0B4434955BB4E24A0E11D2AB65B9E8">
<heading id="890A437790AE9E01C8920C60ACFDAA62" reason="title">Materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB2438F20E97121DF66F903BBDB88805">
<materialsCitation id="BEF39225F065E8612F62527268976E36" collectionCode="IFMI" specimenCode="IFMI-680" specimenCount="1">
Three footprints in one trackway, sampled specimen,
<specimenCode id="C504681959538B710E09833DAD498360">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E3NAE" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
-680
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBOAE" type="Revised diagnosis">
<paragraph id="174B71DE06EB309521DD1D4D3880A42E">
<heading id="BF45C70AD3454A4E716B7CDEE9EEAD17" reason="title">Revised diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5DF6CECACCADAC223A2B70C97A7077D">
Avian tracks of moderate size, exhibiting four digits,
<collectionCode id="A6FDAAD745F76F088FF8D8AF51FD69E8">II</collectionCode>
to
<collectionCode id="DD9B40D2E60AF8BB2C4FCE6A3BD8833C">IV</collectionCode>
directed forward and I backward. All digits are slender and relatively long; digit
<collectionCode id="D80C1F016AA1614D65A72C10E0412831">III</collectionCode>
is longest,
<collectionCode id="9DED7F6B02D7DA5F3466BC5933428A71">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="DE2AD4964F1925B67D1FE8B9E9DB1426">IV</collectionCode>
about four-fifths the length of digit
<collectionCode id="F4731B9B2F5899B63762B7E23298DCE8">III</collectionCode>
, digit I about three-fifths the length of digit
<collectionCode id="FCBBF30F0E3D9DD6DAF44A38482B047C">III</collectionCode>
. Digit I forms a backward prolongation to the axis of
<collectionCode id="7E2B8F20CBED679DE22400B20F6F01C9">III</collectionCode>
; the interdigital angle between digits
<collectionCode id="506F877273D39D925485A47FB0076F08">III</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="34BC66FACEFED915BAED57B8596D36E4">IV</collectionCode>
is greater than that between digits
<collectionCode id="CB3CA6148DAA5FDECB554BE40D52BFD0">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="69BA63DC0966AC667CC6CBFA98A86E34">III</collectionCode>
. The digits are united proximally. Trackway moderate; stride moderate in size (emended from
<bibRefCitation id="19E5059527DB1249DE06FAE9623847F3" author="Sarjeant and Langston" firstAuthor="Sarjeant" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36" refId="B87" refString="Sarjeant WAS, Langston WJ (1994) Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin, 36, 86 pp." title="Vertebrate footprints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (Late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos Texas." year="1994">Sarjeant and Langston 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELOAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="63F82375878059D3125C29E48795348B">
<heading id="9C4DAE9941CB8EFF7BBA124F17256ED3" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB4797FC7EC5A1D7D86E204F584BB2CD">
This trackway includes three small tetradactyl footprints, preserved as hyporeliefs on the lower bedding plane of fine-grained sandstone (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CAFEE3793FFF143804D2A18FCCA4A233" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A, B. Ardeipeda egretta, trackway a 1 a 3 and Gruipeda dominguensis (b), sampled specimen, IFMI - 680; C, D. Aviadactyla vialovi trackway b 1 and Gruipeda dominguensis, trackway a 1 a 4; mcc mud crack cast; nvs non-vertebrate structures; sampled specimen, IFMI - 681." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167583">2</figureCitation>
, trackway a
<subScript id="35D2F2F908AB415046B7DD3689617B58">1</subScript>
- a
<subScript id="6EB61A0D47C66C4832980C6D1E04F5EE">3</subScript>
). Three-digit imprints (
<collectionCode id="8B35D3B84E0148B4525B91E1F54C2AD4">II-IV</collectionCode>
) directed forward and a relatively shorter fourth digit (I) directed backward. Digit I imprint is not completely prolonged to the axis of
<collectionCode id="89A2CABE3E13463A4770A5128B122842">III</collectionCode>
. Digit imprints are straight, slender, with sharp tips, no claw imprint is visible. Digit imprints connected to each other in the heel imprint. Interdigital angles of II-III and IV-III are not symmetrical, and the angle between digits II-III is closer than that between digit III-IV (Table
<tableCitation id="539F1A4A42226D657D9B644123B983C5" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Mean of measurements of bird footprints in the studied samples (in millimeter)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D09EEFC22909D1C3B2E10725CEB9515E" tableUuid="D09EEFC22909D1C3B2E10725CEB9515E">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="1DE324E84A8718E8204D0902A0212148" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure2" ID-arpha="A0D0CB8A-F893-5369-BF90-634D3D5F0318" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167583" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="85256155BCA941B282F36CE7037AB9B6">
<label id="E9C26BC703C02CF45780E1DF71F92F02">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="446EF886C7A3F8879DF2E90D32926BC5">
<emphasis id="4FF5F14AE8DD25267D527F4C308B68DB" bold="true">A, B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FF99C950C43848677D17E046A0650F2E" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="A9A5F97933E40CD2DE40D1FD22672BEB" italics="true">Ardeipeda egretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, trackway a 1 a 3 and
<taxonomicName id="3D2A6FED761EED649AD40A1F602495A5" authorityName="de Valais &amp; Melchor" authorityYear="2008" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominguensis">
<emphasis id="249F38CAE77F59F4D647BDF506972E95" italics="true">Gruipeda dominguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(b), sampled specimen,
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E4PAE" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 680;
<emphasis id="D087F641D862402E60E007AD082A9EB6" bold="true">C, D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A806A89FF6BE18E7977EED5DF55D6339" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialovi">
<emphasis id="2EC0F7107B3395B2A4BF76D0B3B68005" italics="true">Aviadactyla vialovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trackway b 1 and
<taxonomicName id="F3A0192D01DCE41E85205BBB312FB896" authorityName="de Valais &amp; Melchor" authorityYear="2008" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominguensis">
<emphasis id="0DB00F761610009938B2A51FF99343AD" italics="true">Gruipeda dominguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, trackway a 1 a 4; mcc mud crack cast; nvs non-vertebrate structures; sampled specimen,
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E1QAE" xlink_title="Ichnofossil Museum of Iran">IFMI</abbrev>
- 681.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D09EEFC22909D1C3B2E10725CEB9515E" ID-Table-UUID="D09EEFC22909D1C3B2E10725CEB9515E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D09EEFC22909D1C3B2E10725CEB9515E" startId="T1" targetIsTable="true">
<paragraph id="2C90FF24B4CAA4E5222EE73CB09ED158">
<label id="73B8CE9F322C48BCC7123D747BFC88B6">Table 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B57C0C8F060CC063E73B518ACAF70CB0">Mean of measurements of bird footprints in the studied samples (in millimeter).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A55B1A9E6CA31302AAD310D57A768509">
<table id="TID0EC5CI" rules="all">
<tbody id="CCB518C5823D5246ED4E9C81E175EC11">
<tr id="5509C4E0DD7632AC1615EB65E873C71C">
<th id="FA5BDCDCBA90012667B260235DB388F3" colspan="1" rowspan="2">Ichnogenus (Number measured)</th>
<th id="CCE911C4BCAB44198B0710411DB33CE3" colspan="1" rowspan="2">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYRAE" xlink_title="footprint length">FL</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="4B8FCE7C462405051F50AB6833077811" colspan="1" rowspan="2">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EASAE" xlink_title="footprints width">FW</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="700E4033732C1ACF9AF5495E504A9867" colspan="4" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EISAE" xlink_title="length of digits">DL</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="3F1ABDA0C1C255D9F0FE0968842C0EA2" colspan="1" rowspan="2">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQSAE" xlink_title="digit width">DW</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="7DE25667ED6E4483373A0A28EFA75CB6" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Interdigital angle</th>
<th id="D157567A4055B36C2C2059F6830813A8" colspan="1" rowspan="2">P</th>
<th id="27E64E7EEE2AF374915926E8D59C950D" colspan="1" rowspan="2">S</th>
</tr>
<tr id="50D7E38091C4D0786FFA805192CDFB90">
<th id="4DAD28EA32FDFB51C6A2207276F3B5B5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">I</th>
<th id="796ECE6661ABCC0B63A83CF5AC9DCA4A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">II</th>
<th id="8AE8F375BCA8D3590FF1254FB29FC500" colspan="1" rowspan="1">III</th>
<th id="37CDF11C5A56BD50F41F89E788A5E89E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">IV</th>
<th id="994358CD12B65243DF0773FAD376AD9A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
α
<subScript id="71BAD850EB392100C165D8D6C4944D5E">1</subScript>
</th>
<th id="64D31E0B2955FCD1FE1D40DCF5A5FAFD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
α
<subScript id="C9331BD1FEC73E4368541B179439C528">2</subScript>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E84125BC20933468B3F0D55341FD455C">
<td id="E06C03FFCCA7FF967A983A7C099CEFE1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="45F76308D160AD99BCAE244087DB0A30" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="188F907B6B5B17294742FC87CC0BA1C0" italics="true">Ardeipeda egretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3)
</td>
<td id="22DCD45D1FEDB457E4044D5CB7B94874" colspan="1" rowspan="1">44</td>
<td id="F49D731E2FE472AB74DCCBFECD54F631" colspan="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
<td id="570575C2F6E2839E2E4AB0AD2C3377E6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
<td id="E2AEB07991732CB558398BE8BE72A05D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td id="1EA89B8EEACB5D262E6EDE5A44E7F88F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
<td id="B5141190EC8191A77DA5EA28A5FC45D9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
<td id="98A7DF54347431C2E27B5F1D32B6DDCC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="AA5176C5A20C4D1B064A9C6DF679C6C6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">46</td>
<td id="0A91982B389BAB160A11C1A725D274E0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">70</td>
<td id="0CA86B6B5FEB71931BE10126456C90B0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">99</td>
<td id="92FAE6299451BDA9941DF392064F2BC0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">125</td>
</tr>
<tr id="56A22B25439EE7C6C72F6BAA5F2A54E9">
<td id="FD9033383791DC5500428DB87FD403AB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="CAB5C28BCC36B7A674E04FF6B76D8F57" class="Aves" genus="Aviadactyla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vialovi">
<emphasis id="26C92951D9AB2C7BEFEF93B2653ED341" italics="true">Aviadactyla vialovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1)
</td>
<td id="AD52D74A69F0FB789CEDBFF889DF4B73" colspan="1" rowspan="1">22</td>
<td id="E22A02DAFC6F03BED29BF5DCFFAC0AE7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
<td id="453B1B3E945F771D6E1337BED80DB9F7" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="C390AB14175FDE26981051C24ADA5835" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
<td id="28552402FA3F004C2A7928B800A9E1F5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
<td id="F95738ADBB6824140D3921D925178DA0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="D15CAF03A74EC102C06CE8DF9E9D621E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td id="60A65AD0C08809DA21A3D4D1AF62DEEB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">50</td>
<td id="B7618B4E33E62CB65EED1E7197CD98D5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">50</td>
<td id="2579E15523782DC37931C16526AA70F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="F289473E5B2C096111F1E929A8C6DE8D" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr id="6B8C3CB7F4E4ECA5564027B6C7E82333">
<td id="810C63714717D7A2DA6591FC8FA5FF0D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="7F76C5ABDDC909097F72F62172D269C0" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoenix">
<emphasis id="479F1868CEF3F4E7EC7601780F4DF1E9" italics="true">Avipeda phoenix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(4)
</td>
<td id="FA494318189EE92BCCC005FC230839E2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">67</td>
<td id="251C5C4696BF784105CF90008A159DB7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">83</td>
<td id="4640188F40903A2B8091CF60CB28BDA1" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="B16724060A1F2799F40CFF78BECBFAEC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td id="DBA6B32A464F2595E0ABDBB186194756" colspan="1" rowspan="1">55</td>
<td id="5F2AF1F9AC44260BFE7D649052BDF876" colspan="1" rowspan="1">40</td>
<td id="23C00D0891E57DA0661AAB0FDA68FDD0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td id="0844F263E52E36F0B0D2616A79D09466" colspan="1" rowspan="1">247</td>
<td id="829524B056C4603E6E2349F3A888F46D" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td>
<td id="04A1D1E8BC9774F378099048D4810D88" colspan="1" rowspan="1">72</td>
<td id="6C93248805CD7A922328F68B2C46B023" colspan="1" rowspan="1">69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FF8CF40F30C99469225670975B7E6D12">
<td id="0D9EA4B7DC81C1F720057387EAE9307E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D9508A51AA5CB4FE1F0678BB29CE0C1C" authorityName="de Valais &amp; Melchor" authorityYear="2008" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominguensis">
<emphasis id="16E8D9F567BBB104971F70C0BD8C8A26" italics="true">Gruipeda dominguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(20)
</td>
<td id="0ECA641785D882B558835928B5F00A47" colspan="1" rowspan="1">26</td>
<td id="92A49A778D0CB2E890857BE0DFB29A70" colspan="1" rowspan="1">23</td>
<td id="79D17F010353EF6346EC25EED035951C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td id="F00837FAED6305F289FC89DA5238ACD2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
<td id="E070214ABE8C4A97B3A6ADFFEC44F311" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
<td id="1CF0DBB42E5F3FA40FE7AFC67D47EE33" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
<td id="6AF76B770B48187DD18FC378F0BB0C6F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td id="677E24A81C2299C860283C5D13533933" colspan="1" rowspan="1">55</td>
<td id="E75130D3EB54049729DDAB082B5CF0AE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">48</td>
<td id="0E22D95E0CF33F6009A47D6FC15C62DD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">45</td>
<td id="CEF931DD4A554EEC18920F3B312FB399" colspan="1" rowspan="1">89</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYZAE" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FD45B348E44D8F581C1BFDDB4313DED9">
<heading id="1E1FE4A37C96395866AB0FA6058D4364" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEEAA60747F963E9801DC5D5F389CBAA">
The studied small bird footprints show slender digit imprints with sharp tips, imprints of digit
<collectionCode id="8A50F430FF4834CA3BBC038DAA8054E1">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="9358B01F47EF2F421D232B123D4998FB">IV</collectionCode>
are slightly asymmetric relative to the digit
<collectionCode id="D9D320CA73AA8023BCB8B5919C5F1855">III</collectionCode>
axis, and show a lower interdigital angle II-III compared that of IV-III, thus we considered it as
<taxonomicName id="E755398E2A6268547DDB6D457296055F" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="7D02A9C6B569E5B22E97CE67D318D38D" italics="true">Ardeipeda egretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="05947CF428B11AF60DDB2D6C51AE34F8" author="Panin N &amp; Avram E" firstAuthor="Panin" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti. Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie 7: 455484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin and Avram (1962)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName id="5A35D761680E13E203220927BD819DA1" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="745817C6482451AB91E8479B2B695AA1" italics="true">Ardeipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for small to large tetradactyl bird footprints with three ichnospecies,
<taxonomicName id="1DDF7F98B5FCC58F86203582E56509CC" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="CE6534C0593248C75324F4CB59CC19DC" italics="true">A. egretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6DD7B2667BF771EFEE831B50E3FF52D0" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="2DEB1B9691A7355E5BAFD15C4A4FF9D5" italics="true">A. gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="9EE479B229FB1F4B18261DB689B3DDE8" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="D3BEFF95016772A15699508215522640" italics="true">A. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These ichnospecies have slender digit imprints with sharp tips. Usually, the digit I imprint is large and directed along the digit
<collectionCode id="499DFC859CA144BFEBCAC3AA068287D3">III</collectionCode>
axis, and mostly closer to digit
<collectionCode id="1ACEDA820D10103A7F4871E23E51E151">II</collectionCode>
. Digit
<collectionCode id="7A49DFB48B4D70BF411727C4B9ED64CD">IV</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="89EF047D7FB494951D7DAD1302E19D17">II</collectionCode>
imprints are not symmetrical with respect to the digit
<collectionCode id="AFD5E6A07405207A022EECA342BCDEBC">III</collectionCode>
axis, and the interdigital angle II-III is smaller than that of digit III-IV.
<taxonomicName id="E3CE81329C95E5567BE12D93EA2D0F70" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="8817CCB41F208E5AE8A7299C0A4486BC" italics="true">A. gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a larger footprint with sharp digit tips and relatively thicker digit imprints compared to
<taxonomicName id="179B3D6D2675600CAEC3114553F757A5" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="3D48F9F3D1CBB7A5BF6621C25715DA55" italics="true">A. egretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ratios of
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL3AE" xlink_title="footprint length">
<collectionCode id="A2B06E877F7B9BC2430A86F898F88E5A">FL</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
/
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP3AE" xlink_title="footprints width">FW</abbrev>
and
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ET3AE" xlink_title="footprint length">
<collectionCode id="49D598411F9894082728E25EF962DFE1">FL</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
/
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EX3AE" xlink_title="length of digits">DL</abbrev>
<subScript id="B05FA3B2F2709977C25A992203AAF610">I</subScript>
of
<taxonomicName id="7B8339472D9481ED72057F51693A6107" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="375C8B5BE81E7D658A95828DAF33A11F" italics="true">A. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the same as these ratios in
<taxonomicName id="AAF90A61ACC29428D69FC5F7AC187BA1" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="875CF5CDC63C4E50D8AD976FD9A419AC" italics="true">A. egretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and both footprints have similar morphology, thus
<taxonomicName id="3CD4A14F57571B50B7C3BED82D5063F2" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="9A1DB349ADA700FCE0C03ED4A67DC8FE" italics="true">A. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="2CBBC0BD3F1AA1218C26C6D6B8DA8091" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="species" species="egretta">
<emphasis id="A0939F88005A464D79E2308893D05179" italics="true">A. egretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="96C4022E99E364095C7EF5D84803EC24" author="Abbassi N &amp; Melchor RN &amp; Díaz-Martínez I" refId="B8" refString="Abbassi N, Melchor RN, Díaz-Martínez I (In press) Ichnotaxonomy of Paleogene and Neogene tetrapod tracks. In: Lucas SG, Hunt AP, Klein H (Eds) Vertebrate Ichnology, Tetrapod Tracks and Trackways. Elsevier.">Abbassi et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="327E9DF70EF561147AEA58F40E46D696" author="Lockley MG &amp; Harris J" editor="Ulrich PK &amp; Willett JH" firstAuthor="Lockley" journalOrPublisher="Nova Science Publishers, New York" pagination="1-63" refId="B53" refString="Lockley MG, Harris J (2010) On the trail of early birds: A review of the fossil footprint record of avian morphological evolution and behavior. In: Ulrich PK, Willett JH (Eds) Trends in Ornithological Research. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 163." title="On the trail of early birds: A review of the fossil footprint record of avian morphological evolution and behavior." volumeTitle="Trends in Ornithological Research." year="2010">Lockley and Harris (2010)</bibRefCitation>
suggested the replacement of
<taxonomicName id="A93D0E6BC60901F076E170A66E136F2C" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="40AE5CBBC697D3021D578677511FA607" italics="true">Avipeda filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName id="422D7C3E71997CCD8A0E73813363EEC5" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CE146EF4CE3958F5CAB3C49D600E9530" italics="true">Ardeipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="C75018F46036EFD79F60A528B5787DFE" authorityName="Vialov" authorityYear="1965" class="Aves" family="Avipedidae" genus="Avipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiportatis">
<emphasis id="C51E340C6276B6F374AAA70CD547A9CD" italics="true">Avipeda filiportatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows distinctive heel imprints and digit I imprint is not as clearly impressed as the imprints of the other three, so it is not considered to belong to
<taxonomicName id="CD1B679C4A0DDAF0FB20C1F9A47F191A" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F404BF5120E08FB688202893A59BE78" italics="true">Ardeipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
here.
<taxonomicName id="030CB1CFFB6EDF91D05424C4BFF1DE3A" authorityName="Panin &amp; Avram" authorityYear="1962" family="Gruipedidae" genus="Ardeipeda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3FFB613E66AC723D5811EF6FFC04C811" italics="true">Ardeipeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is attributed to herons (
<bibRefCitation id="5FED1941BFBCF04417D217E7D90E391C" author="Abbassi" firstAuthor="Abbassi" journalOrPublisher="University of Zanjan Press, Zanjan, Iran" refId="B3" refString="Abbassi N (2022) Miocene Wildlife of Zanjan Northwest Iran. University of Zanjan Press, Zanjan, Iran, 304 pp." title="Miocene Wildlife of Zanjan Northwest Iran." year="2022">Abbassi 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -1,81 +1,78 @@
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Platykopus
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stuartjohnstoni
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<bibRefCitation id="07040B233C666D5BE33C5A4B6240F1B0" author="Lucas SG &amp; Schultz GE" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin" pagination="177-183" refId="B57" refString="Lucas SG, Schultz GE (2007) Miocene vertebrate footprints from the Texas Panhandle. Cenozoic Vertebrate Tracks and Traces. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 42: 177 - 183." title="Miocene vertebrate footprints from the Texas Panhandle. Cenozoic Vertebrate Tracks and Traces." volume="42" year="2007">Lucas &amp; Schultz, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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@ -88,11 +85,15 @@ stuartjohnstoni
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Three footprints of a trackway, molded by plaster (
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- 687 / 1-3).
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.
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