diff --git a/data/01/2F/3A/012F3A38B18C5F0ABC4A760388BBA685.xml b/data/01/2F/3A/012F3A38B18C5F0ABC4A760388BBA685.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ec3ed25e760 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/01/2F/3A/012F3A38B18C5F0ABC4A760388BBA685.xml @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnospecies + +Zanclonychopus + +isp. + + + + +Fig. 10 + + + + +Material. + + + +Two footprints of a trackway, molded by plaster ( + +IFMI +-688 + +) + +. + + + + +Description. + + +These footprints belong to manus and pes imprints of a trackway, preserved as convex hyporelief on the lower bedding plane of a large, thick slab of sandstone (Fig. +10 A – C +). Half of the pes imprint is preserved, and the manus imprint is complete. Pes and manus are separated and do not overlap. Based on the size and depth of penetration, the smaller front footprint was considered as pes and the larger one behind as a manus imprint; usually, mammals have a larger manus footprint. The metatarsal / metacarpal are the deepest part of the footprints, and digit imprints are not clear in footprints; the claw imprints, however, are distinct as a drop-shape slightly curved with sharp tips (Fig. +10 D +). Four digit and claw imprints are visible in the manus with an unclear digit +V +imprint. The pes imprint is not deeper than the manus and comprises unclear digit imprints (Fig. +10 E, F +). It seems that trackway width is larger, and the manus has more inward orientation than the pes. + + + + + + + +Zanclonychopus + +isp. in the studied slab ( +A +), and its plaster mold ( +B +IFMI +- 688), with sketch ( +C +) and close up view, sharp tips of digit imprints are distinct ( +D +). Photogrammetric false-color depth maps in perpendicular and lateral views ( +E, F +). + + + + + +Discussion. + + + +Zanclonychopus + +was recorded as a large carnivore footprint with monotypy and has not previously been reported outside of North America. The studied footprints from Deh Nar have indistinct digit imprints, but one side has inclined claw imprints that are clear. Based on the size and morphology of the studied footprints, + +Zanclonychopus + +is the nearest ichnogenus name for the Deh Nar footprints, and this is the first report of + +Zanclonychopus + +outside of North America. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/02/13/24/021324E8E1E25789B19B7346889FE31D.xml b/data/02/13/24/021324E8E1E25789B19B7346889FE31D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ddc56b2fb03 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/02/13/24/021324E8E1E25789B19B7346889FE31D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnogenus + + + +Platykopus + + + +Sarjeant, Reynolds & Kissell-Jones, 2002 + + + + + + + +Type +ichnospecies. + + + + +Platykopus + +ilycalcator +Sarjeant, Reynolds and Kissell-Jones (2002) + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Large plantigrade footprints with digits close to manual / pedal pad. Manus width is similar to that of the pes, with the pes being slightly narrower and elongated due to a metatarsal pad. Five digits on manus and pes are clawed, and digits +II +– +V +are of equal length on a quadratic manus with digit I offset. Digits I – +V +form a symmetrical arc around the pes, with digits I and +V +being shorter than +II +and +IV +. + + + + +Discussion. + + +Sarjeant et al. (2002) +introduced +Platykopus +from Late Miocene of Nevada for large plantigrade footprints with digits close to manual / pedial pad and compared its tracks to those of creodonts and amphycyonids. Recently, +Platykopus +has been identified by ichnologists for medium to large, pentadactyl plantigrade footprints with an undeveloped metatarsus imprint in manus. +Abbassi (2010) +attributed footprints that are semiplantigrade with five short digits with distinct digit +V +from the Miocene of +Iran +to +Platykopus +, and he reported +Platykopus +from the Oligocene of the Eastern Mountains of +Iran +( +Abbassi et al. 2015 +). +Botfalvai et al. (2023) +re-examined large pentadactyl footprints from the Miocene Ipolytarnóc of +Hungary +by 3 D methods and concluded that footprints previously defined as + +Bestiopeda maxima + +should be reclassified under the +Platykopus +ichnogenus as + +Platykopus maxima + +. +Platykopus +differs from + +Zanclonychopus +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) + +by larger width and shorter digit imprints. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/06/5C/04/065C0489DA765CFE8AE1414C6AEA184E.xml b/data/06/5C/04/065C0489DA765CFE8AE1414C6AEA184E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d592c5595e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/06/5C/04/065C0489DA765CFE8AE1414C6AEA184E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnospecies + +Moropopus kashanensis + +isp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 8 + + + + +Materials. + + + +Two footprints of one trackway, sampled ( + +IFMI +-686 + +/ 1-2) + +. + + + + + +Holotype +. + + + + +specimen + +IFMI +-686 + + +. + + + + +Etymology. + + +kashanensis +refers to Kashan city where the traces were found. + + + + +Type-locality. + + +Iran +, +Esfahan +(= +Isfahan +) province, Kashan township, west Ab Shirin, northwest Deh Nar, + +34 ° 19 ' N +, +51 ° 12 ' E + +. + + + + +Type horizon. + +lower Oligocene (Rupelian). + + + +Diagnosis. + + + +Moropopus + +with tridactyl footprint in pes and manus imprints. Pes has elongated digit imprints; digit +III +is larger than the lateral digits +II +and +IV +. Tips of digits are completely round. The manus imprint has a digit +III +that is longer than the lateral digits. The tip of digit +III +is round, but lateral digits end with a distally sharp claw-like imprint. + + + + +Description. + +The smaller posterior footprint is considered as a pes imprint and it includes two digit imprints and one of the lateral digit and most parts of the metapodial imprints are omitted by weathering. Digits include one pedal circular imprint with round tips, and connect by a narrower imprint to the metapodial imprint. The anterior larger imprint is the manus imprint and it is distinguished by the sharp tip of the lateral digit imprints and it seems that the middle digit imprint has a round tip. The metacarpal imprint is circular, with a round proximal outline. + + + + + + +Moropopus kashanensis + +nov. in the studied slab ( +A +); +B – D. +Holotype of pes imprint with outline sketch and photogrammetry photo ( +IFMI +- 686 / 1); +E – I. +Holotype of manus imprint with its outline sketch ( +F +) and photogrammetric false-color depth maps, ( +G, H +) and closeup of digit claw imprint ( +I +arrow), ( +IFMI +- 686 / 2). + + + + + +Discussion. + + +The general morphology of + +Moropopus + +with elongated distally swollen digit imprints is traceable in these footprints, but the distinctive feature is the sharp tips of lateral digits. Usually, perissodactyls have round distal outlines in hooves, and there are no records of sharp tips. The skeletal remains of pes and manus of perissodactyls anatomically comprise distally round phalanges (ungula) with or without medial fissure and covered by fat digital pads or round unguals. Instead, the unguals of artiodactyls usually have sharp tips. + + + +Moropopus kashanensis + +however shows strongly sharp tips in lateral digits of the manus imprint. No secondary deformations such as drag marks or combination with non-biogenic structures were included in the detailed analysis of the tips of + +Moropopus kashanensis + +. Thus, we believe these footprints are a new ichnospecies of + +Moropopus + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/13/21/DB/1321DB208ADA577AB3CA580E752E3A3A.xml b/data/13/21/DB/1321DB208ADA577AB3CA580E752E3A3A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cd23f7dc1e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/13/21/DB/1321DB208ADA577AB3CA580E752E3A3A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnospecies + +Moropopus elongatus +Abbassi, Alinasiri & Lucas, 2017 + + + + + +Fig. 7 D – K + + + + +Materials. + + + +One footprint sampled ( + +IFMI +-685 + +) and two footprints of a trackway studied in the field + +. + + + + +Emended diagnosis. + +Tridactyl footprints with elongated digit imprints. Digit imprints are proximally narrower and distally ellipsoidal and inflated. Digit tips are completely curved without claw imprints. Metatarsus imprints include two metatarsal pads with a complete rounded back. + + + +Description. + + +Tridactyl footprints preserved as convex hyporeliefs in lower bedding plane of the fine-grained sandstones. Sampled footprint (Fig. +7 D – F +, + +IFMI + +- 685) includes circular digit imprints, lateral digits are fat with one digit pad, and middle digit ( +III +) is incomplete. All digits connected by narrower imprint to metatarsal / metapodial imprint. The metatarsal / metapodial imprint is oval with three proximal lobes. The unsampled two footprints belong to one trackway, preserved as convex hyporelief in a lower bedding plane of thick-bedded, dark brown sandstone. This bedding plane has abundant mud crack casts that interact with the footprints. These footprints comprise one to two fat circular digital pads, which connect by narrower imprints to metatarsal / metapodial imprints. The tips of the digits are round. The proximal parts of the metatarsal / metapodial imprints are round. + + + + +Discussion. + + + +Moropopus + +was established as monotypy from the Late Eocene of +Iran +( +Abbassi et al. 2017 +), and by discovery of new + +Moropopus + +from Oligocene of Central +Iran +, with new morphological features, we prefer to establish a new ichnospecies for + +Moropopus + +and emended the diagnosis of + +Moropopus elongatus + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/27/43/A7/2743A787D88D5E348FE156CC993FC494.xml b/data/27/43/A7/2743A787D88D5E348FE156CC993FC494.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..09f217124fb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/27/43/A7/2743A787D88D5E348FE156CC993FC494.xml @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnogenus + +Aviadactyla +Kordos, 1985 + + + + + + +Type +ichnospecies. + + + + +Aviadactyla media +Kordos, 1985 + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Bird footprint of small to medium size consisting of three toes. The prints of all three toes are thin, stick-like, shallowly imprinted. Longest is the middle toe, to be followed by the gradually shorter inner and outer toes. The distal end of the inner toe print is, in the normal case, farther away from the basic line (the line normal to the middle toe) than the end of the middle toe print. Consequently, it is slightly asymmetrical ( +Kordos 1985 +). + + + + +Emended diagnosis. + + +Avian footprints of small to moderate size, composed of three digital impressions. Digits of slender to moderate width, tapering distally and sometimes exhibiting distinct, slender claws but typically without, or with only feeble, indication of digital pads or interpad spaces. Length of central digit ( +III +) less than 25 % greater than that of the lateral digits. Total interdigital span exceeds 95 °. Digits convergent proximally but usually isolated (though digit +II +may have a minimal contact with digit +III +). No indication of a metatarsal pad or of webbing between digits (by +Sarjeant and Reynolds 2001 +). + + + + +Discussion. + + +At first, ichnotaxonomically unwebbed small bird footprints were named as + +Charadriipeda + +by +Panin and Avram (1962) +and + +Avipeda + +by +Vialov (1965) +. These names were used for both tetra- and tridactyl footprints. The diagnosis of these ichnogenera was not clarified by authors, and later tridactyl bird footprints introduced by +Kordos (1983) +, including + +Aviadactyla + +, + +Ornithotarnocia + +, and + +Passeripedia + +. Footprints of + +Aviadactyla + +show thin digit imprints, usually unconnected, and slightly asymmetrical digits +II +and +IV +imprints. The +type +material of + +Ornithotarnocia + +shows thick asymmetrical digit imprints with rounded digit tips ( +Kordos 1983 +, text fig. 1, no. 12), although some others have thinner, unconnected digit imprints with sharp digit tips. These thick digit imprints were the ichnotaxonomic base for identifying + +Ornithotarnocia + +for Miocene bird footprints +California +by +Sarjeant and Reynolds (2001) +. + +Passeripedia + +includes small tridactyl unconnected bird footprints and differs from + +Aviadactyla + +by its smaller size. Sarjeant and Langstone (1994) revised + +Passeripedia ipolyensis +Kordos (1983) + +and transferred it to + +Avipeda ipolyensis + +. Melchor in a strict revision (Melchor in +Abbassi et al. in press +) consider + +Aviadactyla + +as a junior synonym of + +Ornithotarnocia + +and + +Passeripedia + +as +nomen dubium +. We, however, would rather regard + +Aviadactyla + +as valid and report the studied footprints as + +Aviadactyla + +, in the comparison with other found footprints in the studied section. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/30/80/CF/3080CF4608AA5C528D1DEAA37BB8DB6C.xml b/data/30/80/CF/3080CF4608AA5C528D1DEAA37BB8DB6C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d1f45955b20 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/30/80/CF/3080CF4608AA5C528D1DEAA37BB8DB6C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnogenus + +Avipeda +Vialov, 1965 + + + + + + +Type +ichnospecies. + + + + +Avipeda phoenix +Vialov, 1965 + +. + + + + +Revised diagnosis. + + +Avian footprints of small size (footprint length < +30 mm +), showing three short, thick digits, with distinct claws. Length of central digit ( +III +) less than 25 % greater than that of the lateral digits. Total interdigital span 95 ° or more. Digits closely convergent or united proximally; webbing lacking or limited to the most proximal part of the interdigital angles (modified from +Sarjeant and Langston 1994 +). + + + + +Discussion. + + +At first, + +Avipeda + +was the general name for tridactyl unwebbed bird footprints which was proposed by +Vialov (1965) +. Later, varieties of bird footprints were considered as ichnospecies of + +Avipeda + +with different size or morphologies showing similarities to several existing ichnogenera. Thus, +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +emended the diagnosis and designated + +Avipeda phoenix +( +Vialov 1965 +) + +as the +type +ichnospecies. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/4D/BD/31/4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5.xml b/data/4D/BD/31/4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2ded752ca91 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/4D/BD/31/4DBD31CB5904560CB2094A4A65A92AB5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnospecies + +Avipeda phoenix +Vialov, 1965 + + + + + +Fig. 3 + + + + +Materials. + + + +Four footprints preserved in three slabs ( + +IFMI +-682 + +/ 1-3) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Small, tridactyl tracks up to +1.6 cm +long, digits short, relatively broad, angle ( +Vialov 1965 +; translated by +Lucas 2007 +). + + + + +Description. + + +Slab + +IFMI + +- 682 / 1 (Fig. +3 A, B +) includes medium-sized, tridactyl footprints, preserved as concave epirelief on the upper bedding plane of fine-grained, ripple-mark-bearing, brown sandstone. Digit imprints are straight, with sharp tips, slightly deformed by reliefs of ripple marks, and connected to each other in the heel part. The digit +III +imprint is thicker and larger than the lateral digits, and wider in the front part of the digits; one digital pad is visible in the distal part of digit +III +. Slab + +IFMI + +- 682 / 2 comprises one medium-sized tridactyl footprint, preserved as convex hyporelief in a lower bedding plane of thin-bedded, fine-grained brown sandstone (Fig. +3 C +). Digit +III +is longer than the lateral digits, and the interdigital angle between digit +II +and +IV +is wide. The metapodium imprint is an eminence, and the digits are connected to the metapodium. Proximal outline of the footprints slightly convex, without digit I imprint. Small slab no. + +IFMI + +- 682 / 3 includes one tridactyl bird footprint, preserved as concave epirelief on the fine-grained brown sandstone, filled by fine-grained, lighter, silt-size sediments (Fig. +3 D +). Similar to previous slabs, it shows a digit +III +imprint larger than the lateral digits. One of the lateral digits (here considered as digit +IV +) is thicker than the other. The tips of the digits are round or slightly sharp in the footprint slabs of + +IFMI + +- 682. + + + + + + + +Avipeda phoenix + +. +A. B. +Preserved as concave epirelief on the ripple mark-bearing surface of sandstone (sampled +IFMI +- 682 / 1); +C, D. +Preserved as convex hyporeliefs (sampled specimen, +IFMI +- 682 / 2-3). + + + + + +Discussion. + + +Vialov (1965) +established + +Avipeda + +with three ichnospecies + +Avipeda phoenix + +, + +A. sirin + +, and + +A. filiportatis + +. Later, other new ichnospecies were added or recombined with + +Avipeda + +. Sarjeant and Langstone (1994) recombined + +Passeripedia ipolyensis +Kordos (1985) + +as + +Avipeda ipolyensis + +but +Abbassi et al. (in press +) believe that the diagnosis of + +P. ipolyensis + +lacks any distinctive feature, and there is no description and considered + +Passeripedia ipolyensis + +as a +nomen dubium +. On the other hand, +Abbassi et al. (in press +) considered + +A. sirin + +as a junior synonym of + +A. phoenix + +, and +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +recombined + +A. filiportatis + +as + +Gruipeda filiportatis + +. Thus, the valid ichnospecies of + +Avipeda + +include: + + + +Avipeda adunca +Sarjeant & Langston, 1994 + +. + + + +Avipeda circumontis +Lockley et al., 2022 + +. + + + +Avipeda gryponyx +Sarjeant & Reynolds, 2001 + +. + + + +Avipeda phoenix +Vialov, 1965 + +. + + + +Avipeda rastini +Abbassi, 2022 + +. + + + +Avipeda thrinax +Sarjeant & Reynolds, 2001 + +. + + +The studied materials of the Deh Nar section, show similar shape to the +type +materials of + +A. phoenix + +, mainly with its wide lateral digit angle, although the Den Nar materials are larger. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/64/24/B7/6424B77523EE56BD8EB6098F67E676D9.xml b/data/64/24/B7/6424B77523EE56BD8EB6098F67E676D9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8e59a6b4ef1 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/64/24/B7/6424B77523EE56BD8EB6098F67E676D9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnospecies + +Lophiopus + +isp. + + + + +Fig. 7 A – C + + + + +Material. + + + +One specimen, collected ( + +IFMI +-684 + +) + +. + + + + +Description. + + +One tridactyl footprint preserved as convex hyporelief in the lower bedding plane of the fine-grained, dark-brown sandstone. This bedding plane comprises flute and groove casts. The surface of the footprint is not smooth, and erosional structures encompass the footprint. One of the lateral digits shows three digital pad imprints, and digit +III +and the other lateral digit imprint are thick and lacking digital pad. The tips of the digits are sharp, the proximal rim of the footprint is curved and the sole imprint is not developed. + + + + + + +A – C. + +Lophiopus + +isp. preserved as convex hyporelief with its photogrammetry photo and outline sketch, sampled ( +IFMI +- 684); +D – F. + +Moropopus elongatus + +preserved as convex hyporelief, including photogrammetric false-color depth map, sampled ( +IFMI +- 685); + +Moropopus elongatus + +in lower bedding plane of large slab full of mud crack casts ( +G +); +H – I. +Close up view of behind footprints with outline sketch; +J – K. +Front footprint with outline sketch. + + + + + +Discussion. + + +Ellenberger, 1980 +considered two ichnospecies for + +Lophiopus + +, + +L. lalus + +and + +L. rapidus + +. + +L. lalus + +has a marked “ heel mark ” and an elongate digit +III +, whereas + +L. rapidus + +is wider, and its lateral or central digits are more rounded along the tips. No digital pads were mentioned for ichnospecies of + +Lophiopus + +. The studied footprints of the Deh Nar area show similar morphology to + +Lophiopus + +in their round proximal outline, undeveloped sole imprint and distinct lateral digit imprints. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/67/5B/84/675B84EE292C533C94EA6FB02071ADAC.xml b/data/67/5B/84/675B84EE292C533C94EA6FB02071ADAC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dbda153ebfa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/67/5B/84/675B84EE292C533C94EA6FB02071ADAC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnogenus + +Zanclonychopus +Sarjeant & Langston, 1994 + + + + + + +Type +ichnospecies. + + + + +Zanclonychopus cinicalcator +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. + + +Plantigrade footprints, with manus and pes of similar size and with all digits strongly clawed. Digits +II +to +IV +most deeply impressed and forming, with palm or sole, an approximately oval shape (more marked in the pes); digit I set off to one side and impressed lightly or not at all. Tips and claws of inner digits curving outward, of outer digits curving inward. Inner phalangeal pads of pes fused; those of manus free. + + + + +Discussion. + + +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +considered Creodonta as the trackmaker for + +Zanclonychopus + +, and compared it with American black bear for large footprints. The modern bears have large metatarsal and short metacarpal imprints with one pedal digit and distinctive long claws imprints. + +Zanclonychopus + +have the same sizes in the metatarsal and metacarpal imprints with long two to three pedal imprints. Exactly, + +Zanclonychopus + +differs from + +Ursichnus +Diedrich (2011) + +by its position of digit I, shorter digit imprints and absence of claw imprints. +Hirpexipes +Sarjeant et al. (2002) +is known as semidigitigrade to semiplantigrade footprints with all digits long and with sharp claws. + +Zanclonychopus + +has stocky and shorter digit imprints. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/83/40/D0/8340D0AB38D3578EAF97BE341DDE1E3C.xml b/data/83/40/D0/8340D0AB38D3578EAF97BE341DDE1E3C.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0b313e0453f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/83/40/D0/8340D0AB38D3578EAF97BE341DDE1E3C.xml @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnogenus + +Ardeipeda +Panin & Avram, 1962 + + + + + + +Type +ichnospecies. + + + + +Ardeipeda egretta +Panin & Avram, 1962 + +. + + + + +Revised diagnosis. + + +Avian footprints showing four digits, three ( +II +to +IV +) directed forward and large, the fourth (digit I) backward and somewhat smaller. The interdigital angles between digits +II +and +III +and between digits +III +and +IV +are less than 70 °. The axis of digit I corresponds, or almost corresponds, with that of digit +III +, the interdigital angle between digits I and +II +being almost equal to that between digits I and +IV +. Webbing absent (emended from +Sarjeant and Langston 1994 +). + + + + +Discussion. + +Numerous tetradactyl non-webbed small to large footprints have been named from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits, and include: + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A9/92/4A/A9924A78D9AA56D8B37DE2F19494D596.xml b/data/A9/92/4A/A9924A78D9AA56D8B37DE2F19494D596.xml index 4e98575127f..07a0ead436b 100644 --- a/data/A9/92/4A/A9924A78D9AA56D8B37DE2F19494D596.xml +++ b/data/A9/92/4A/A9924A78D9AA56D8B37DE2F19494D596.xml @@ -1,69 +1,69 @@ - - - -Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Abbassi, Nasrollah -0000-0002-9994-9122 -Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad -Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi -Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Shakeri, Safoora -Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Eshaghi, Ali -Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran -text - - -Fossil Record +text + + +Fossil Record - -2024 - -2024-11-04 + +2024 + +2024-11-04 - -27 + +27 - -2 + +2 - -265 -287 + +265 +287 -journal article -10.3897/fr.27.133914 -A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 @@ -87,11 +87,15 @@ Materials. + Seven pes and manus footprints of five trackways, in three slabs, sampled ( - -IFMI - -- 683 / 1-3). + +IFMI +-683 + +/ 1-3) + +. @@ -102,12 +106,13 @@ Seven pes and manus footprints of five trackways, in three slabs, sampled ( - -Specimen No. - -IFMI - -- 683 / 2 includes pes and manus imprints. + +Specimen No. + +IFMI +-683 + +/ 2 includes pes and manus imprints. diff --git a/data/B2/A7/0F/B2A70FC3901D584BB1202AC75D11187B.xml b/data/B2/A7/0F/B2A70FC3901D584BB1202AC75D11187B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3680ba83de6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/B2/A7/0F/B2A70FC3901D584BB1202AC75D11187B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,440 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnogenus + +Gruipeda +Panin & Avram, 1962 + + + + + + +Type +ichnospecies. + + + + +Gruipeda maxima +Panin & Avram (1962) + + + + + +Revised diagnosis. + + +Footprints showing four-digit imprints, three of which ( +II +to +IV +) are directed forward and larger, the fourth (I), directed backward, spur-like and short. The interdigital angle between digits +II +and +III +and between digits +III +and +IV +are commonly less than 70 °. The hallux imprint is posteromedially directed; the interdigital angle between digits I and +II +being smaller than that between digits I and +IV +. When present, digital pad traces display the relationship I: 2, +II +: 2, +III +: 3, +IV +: 4. Webbing trace absent (emended from de +Valais +and Cónsole-Gonella 2019). + + + + +Discussion. + + + +Gruipeda + +is a well-known bird footprint, and mostly reported as tetradactyl from the Cenozoic sediments. +Panin and Avram (1962) +established + +Gruipeda + +for tetradactyl small bird footprints with a short description and without +type +materials. +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +emended its diagnosis and considered number, position and shape of digit imprints, and interdigital angel, as main characteristics of + +Gruipeda + +. de +Valais +and Cónsole-Gonella (2019) however followed +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +and reformulated the diagnosis of + +Gruipeda + +by extending the description of interdigital angles and number of digital pad traces. Numerous ichnospecies have been introduced for + +Gruipeda + +based on original +type +materials or by new recombination from other ichnogenera. +Abbassi et al. (2015 +, +in press +) listed the following ichnospecies: + + + +Gruipeda maxima +Panin & Avram, 1962 + +. + + + +Gruipeda becassi +Panin & Avram, 1962 + +. + + + +Gruipeda disjuncta +Panin & Avram, 1962 + +. + + + +Gruipeda minor +Panin, 1965 + +. + + + +Gruipeda intermedia +Panin, 1965 + +. + + + +Gruipeda filiportatis +Vialov, 1965 + +. + + + +Gruipeda grus +Panin et al., 1966 + +. + + + +Gruipeda abeli +Lambrecht, 1938 + +. + + + +Gruipeda calcarifera +Sarjeant & Langston, 1994 + +. + + + +Gruipeda diabloensis +Remeika, 1999 + +. + + + +Gruipeda lambrechti +Mirzaie Ataabadi & Khazaee, 2004 + +. + + + +Gruipeda dominguensis + + +de +Valais +& Melchor, 2008 + +. + + + +Gruipeda fuenzalidae +Covacevich & Lamperein, 1970 + +. + + + +Gruipeda vegrandiunus +Fiorillo et al., 2011 + +. + + + +Gruipeda limosa +Rădan & Brustur, 1993 + +. + + +Panin and Avram (1962) +established + +Charadriipeda disjuncta + +as a tridactyl bird footprint lacking a digit I imprint. +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +recombined it as + +Gruipeda disjuncta + +. Because + +Charadriipeda disjuncta + +is a true tridactyl this recombination is not confirmed. Based on this reason, the recombination of + +Charadriipeda +( +Panin, 1965 +) + +as + +Gruipeda minor + +by +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +is not correct. + +Avipeda filiportatis +Vialov (1965) + +was recombined as + +Gruipeda filiportatis + +by +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +but later replaced under + +Ardeipeda + +by +Lockley and Harris (2010) +. +Sarjeant and Langston (1994) +considered + +Iranipeda + +abeli ( +Lambrecht, 1938 +) + + +as + +Gruipeda abeli + +but Abbassi et al. (2016) and +Abbassi et al. (2024) +reevaluated its taxonomic position and considered + +Iranipeda +abeli + +as valid. Melchor in +Abbassi et al. (in press +) listed + +Gruipeda grus + +, + +Gruipeda diabloensis + +, + +Gruipeda limosa + +as +nomina dubia +and + +Gruipeda minor + +and + +Gruipeda vegrandiunus + +equal to + +Avipeda + +. He classified + +Gruipeda + +into three groups of ichnospecies considering the footprint length (including the hallux): 1) + +G. lambrechti + +, + +G. intermedia + +, + +G. filiportatis + +and + +G. maxima + +that are large ( + +FL + +h += +120–172 mm +); 2) + +G. becassi + +and + +G. limosa + +have an intermediate size ( + +FL + +h += +55–65 mm +); and 3) + +G. fuenzalidae + +, + +G. calcarifera + +, + +G. dominguensis + +and + +G. diabloensis + +that are small ( + +FL + +h += +27–35 mm +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/B7/38/03/B73803F124285A358E52BCF1C54A7A67.xml b/data/B7/38/03/B73803F124285A358E52BCF1C54A7A67.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..475dd099f5a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/B7/38/03/B73803F124285A358E52BCF1C54A7A67.xml @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnogenus + +Moropopus +Abbassi, Alinasiri & Lucas, 2017 + + + + + + +Type +ichnospecies. + + + + +Moropopus elongatus +Abbassi, Alinasiri & Lucas, 2017 + +. + + + + +Emended diagnosis. + + +Medium-sized tridactyl footprints with elongated oval to ellipsoidal to fusiform digit imprints. Two digital pads may be present in lateral digits. Digit imprints connect to metatarsus by a narrower proximal imprint. Lateral digits (digit +II +and +IV +) are smaller than the middle digit (digit +III +) and are curved toward the front. Digit +III +imprint is wider in the front. Digit +III +tip is completely curved, and the tips of lateral digits may curve or end in elongate sharp tips, like the claw imprints. Metatarsus imprints include two metatarsal pads with a complete rounded back, or with two lobes. + + + + +Discussion. + + +The narrow proximal part of digit imprints is a distinctive feature of + +Moropopus + +, which distinguishes it from the other tridactyl ichnogenera of perissodactyls. The presence of sharp tips on the lateral digits of the pes imprint of the Deh Nar footprints caused an emended diagnosis of + +Moropopus + +and introduced a second ichnospecies of + +Moropopus + +. + + +In Asia, mammal tridactyl ungulate footprints have been reported from Early Tertiary of +China +(Lockley et al. 1999), Oligoene of +India +( +Rajkumar and Klein 2014 +) and Eocene-Oligocene of +Iran +( +Abbassi et al. 2015 +, +2017 +). Oligoene tridactyl footprints of +India +strongly resemble those described from +China +( +Rajkumar and Klein 2014 +) and differ from Iran’s Oligocene tridactyl footprints in morphology and size. +Demathieu et al. (1984) +reported + +Ronzotherichnus + +with short digit imprints not connected to the metatarsus imprint and thus differing from + +Moropopus + +. Usually, tridactyl footprints in perissodactyls show round outlines in the distal part of digits, however some ichnogenera of tridactyls have sharp tips in the lateral digits, such as + +Plagiolophustipus +Santamaria et al. (1989–1990 + +). + +Moropopus + +differs from + +Plagiolophustipus + +by its narrow digit +III +imprint. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C1/1F/0C/C11F0C5A4B5551028AAA230B108679EA.xml b/data/C1/1F/0C/C11F0C5A4B5551028AAA230B108679EA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..80dd17392e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C1/1F/0C/C11F0C5A4B5551028AAA230B108679EA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,411 @@ + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Author + +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran + + + +Author + +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + + + +Author + +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran + +text + + +Fossil Record + + +2024 + +2024-11-04 + + +27 + + +2 + + +265 +287 + + + +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 + + + + +Ichnospecies + +Ardeipeda egretta +Panin & Avram, 1962 + + + + + +Fig. 2 A, B + + + + +Materials. + + + +Three footprints in one trackway, sampled specimen, + +IFMI +-680 + + +. + + + + +Revised diagnosis. + + +Avian tracks of moderate size, exhibiting four digits, +II +to +IV +directed forward and I backward. All digits are slender and relatively long; digit +III +is longest, +II +and +IV +about four-fifths the length of digit +III +, digit I about three-fifths the length of digit +III +. Digit I forms a backward prolongation to the axis of +III +; the interdigital angle between digits +III +and +IV +is greater than that between digits +II +and +III +. The digits are united proximally. Trackway moderate; stride moderate in size (emended from +Sarjeant and Langston 1994 +). + + + + +Description. + + +This trackway includes three small tetradactyl footprints, preserved as hyporeliefs on the lower bedding plane of fine-grained sandstone (Fig. +2 +, trackway a +1 +- a +3 +). Three-digit imprints ( +II-IV +) directed forward and a relatively shorter fourth digit (I) directed backward. Digit I imprint is not completely prolonged to the axis of +III +. Digit imprints are straight, slender, with sharp tips, no claw imprint is visible. Digit imprints connected to each other in the heel imprint. Interdigital angles of II-III and IV-III are not symmetrical, and the angle between digits II-III is closer than that between digit III-IV (Table +1 +). + + + + + + +A, B. + +Ardeipeda egretta + +, trackway a 1 – a 3 and + +Gruipeda dominguensis + +(b), sampled specimen, +IFMI +- 680; +C, D. + +Aviadactyla vialovi + +trackway b 1 and + +Gruipeda dominguensis + +, trackway a 1 – a 4; mcc – mud crack cast; nvs – non-vertebrate structures; sampled specimen, +IFMI +- 681. + + + + + + +Mean of measurements of bird footprints in the studied samples (in millimeter). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Ichnogenus (Number measured) +FL + +FW + +DL + +DW +Interdigital anglePS
IIIIIIIV +α +1 + +α +2 +
+ +Ardeipeda egretta + +(3) +4442112027214467099125
+ +Aviadactyla vialovi + +(1) +2227–13141015050––
+ +Avipeda phoenix + +(4) +6783–3055408247–7269
+ +Gruipeda dominguensis + +(20) +26236111611155484589
+ + + + +Discussion. + + +The studied small bird footprints show slender digit imprints with sharp tips, imprints of digit +II +and +IV +are slightly asymmetric relative to the digit +III +axis, and show a lower interdigital angle II-III compared that of IV-III, thus we considered it as + +Ardeipeda egretta + +. +Panin and Avram (1962) +established + +Ardeipeda + +for small to large tetradactyl bird footprints with three ichnospecies, + +A. egretta + +, + +A. gigantea + +, and + +A. incerta + +. These ichnospecies have slender digit imprints with sharp tips. Usually, the digit I imprint is large and directed along the digit +III +axis, and mostly closer to digit +II +. Digit +IV +and +II +imprints are not symmetrical with respect to the digit +III +axis, and the interdigital angle II-III is smaller than that of digit III-IV. + +A. gigantea + +is a larger footprint with sharp digit tips and relatively thicker digit imprints compared to + +A. egretta + +. Ratios of + +FL + +/ +FW +and + +FL + +/ +DL +I +of + +A. incerta + +are the same as these ratios in + +A. egretta + +, and both footprints have similar morphology, thus + +A. incerta + +is considered a junior synonym of + +A. egretta + +( +Abbassi et al. in press +). +Lockley and Harris (2010) +suggested the replacement of + +Avipeda filiportatis + +under + +Ardeipeda + +, but + +Avipeda filiportatis + +shows distinctive heel imprints and digit I imprint is not as clearly impressed as the imprints of the other three, so it is not considered to belong to + +Ardeipeda + +here. + +Ardeipeda + +is attributed to herons ( +Abbassi 2022 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/EA/1F/03/EA1F0323FAA0510C8831B945683BE881.xml b/data/EA/1F/03/EA1F0323FAA0510C8831B945683BE881.xml index 8fcd99970ed..8ab68edc6ac 100644 --- a/data/EA/1F/03/EA1F0323FAA0510C8831B945683BE881.xml +++ b/data/EA/1F/03/EA1F0323FAA0510C8831B945683BE881.xml @@ -1,81 +1,78 @@ - - - -Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran + + + +Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Abbassi, Nasrollah -0000-0002-9994-9122 -Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran +Abbassi, Nasrollah +0000-0002-9994-9122 +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad -Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran +Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi -Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran +Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi +Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Shakeri, Safoora -Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran +Shakeri, Safoora +Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran - - -Author + + +Author -Eshaghi, Ali -Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran +Eshaghi, Ali +Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran -text - - -Fossil Record +text + + +Fossil Record - -2024 - -2024-11-04 + +2024 + +2024-11-04 - -27 + +27 - -2 + +2 - -265 -287 + +265 +287 -journal article -10.3897/fr.27.133914 -A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 +journal article +10.3897/fr.27.133914 +A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7 Ichnospecies - -Platykopus - -stuartjohnstoni + +Platykopus stuartjohnstoni Lucas & Schultz, 2007 - @@ -88,11 +85,15 @@ stuartjohnstoni Materials. + Three footprints of a trackway, molded by plaster ( - -IFMI - -- 687 / 1-3). + +IFMI +-687 + +/ 1-3) + +.