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<document id="3375A7FA00049EE74A0651FC1DE3B017" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225" ID-ZooBank="94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" ID-publisher-id="117225" URI-arpha="255F6420-5705-5F50-9167-509E6C76FA1C" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1721676390257" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Angus, Robert B., Maté, Jason F., Angus, Elizabeth M. &amp; Král, David" docDate="2024" docId="804FB70A33F65170BB500EA7C567EA54" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1207: 205-299" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1207" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/117225/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Aphodius (Liothorax) wilsonae Mate" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="255F642057055F509167509E6C76FA1C" masterDocTitle="Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="205" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1721676524171" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="82AE8D8CB641FBF9FCEF8ACBBA6DFF66">Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBFE7648C6388B7BA7F956EC313616DC">Angus, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B1E938C7495D47D5411B46E0A5FD6423" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3860-5617</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1053BC908C5F2BEACB075C28E9FF5C00">Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CC61557DFAB743A0E9A7344B158796A1">Maté, Jason F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8ABAF1395AE4968314E5D19C17E8031">c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B5BB1BF91B0BB95B3647C152169F5BBE">Angus, Elizabeth M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D0DE697DAF0F987B3CDBAEDE95E41A99">Král, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0CDBD0598A0C7D4F8938E8F9F5DC74BD">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B1A27203D92A46725344DA0ED8F677A9" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="E8495800A9FE14FF46FE9E73282C9418" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C59BF41799D0AE3CD9DC92F96585EF0D" italics="true">wilsonae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FDEA75CF2EC52C8CE0DB238AC5361D52" author="Maté JF &amp; Angus RB" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pagination="325-336" refId="B33" refString="Mate JF, Angus RB (2005) Description of a new species of Aphodius Illiger from the Iberian Peninsula and comments regarding the biogeography and ecology of the subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky. Koleopterologische Rundschau 75: 325 - 336." title="Description of a new species of Aphodius Illiger from the Iberian Peninsula and comments regarding the biogeography and ecology of the subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky." volume="75" year="2005">Maté &amp; Angus, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, stat. rest.
</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="1CF461C60B9B510C7B46ACEE31171650" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a – g whole beetles a A. niger, SV, Tullgarn b A. muscorum, holotype HU, Vörös tó c A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice d A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, Corsica, by Lac de Melo e A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia f A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia g A. wilsonae, holotype, SP, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097462">
Figs
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<figureCitation id="F70CF50DB6F6C80ADBFB789664E69FFF" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. a – p A. plagiatus group, heads and pronota a – c A. plagiatus plagiatus a GB, Norfolk b CZ, Moravia, Dobre Pole c RU, St Petersburg d A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Qinghai, Gangca e – g A. discoides e neotype IS Kuneitra f TR, Kyzil Dag g Turkey Muş h A. discoides, black ♂, TR, Karakurt i – k A. rutilipennis i A. ressli, holotype, TR, Hatay j CY, Akrotiri k A. cypricola, holotype, CY l A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala m A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg n A. ballerioi sp. nov., paratype ♂, TR, Rize o, p L. kraatzi o RU, Astrakhan p SR. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097463">5 k</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="954D19DCDF8714C095B725B050DECD9B" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 k, l</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0C7A936E694007F0366B7C4398459543" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. a – i epipharynxes a – c A. niger a SV, Tullgarn b, c GB, Hampshire, New Forest d A. niger?, CZ, Hradec Králové e A. muscorum, HU, Hortobagyi f, g A. bellumgerens sp. nov., IT Piano Battaglia, paratypes h, i A. wilsonae paratypes, SP h El Vellón i Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097468">9 h, i</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="62778F18D061EEF6A541CDFC88F78F12" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 2 a A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica b A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia c, d A. wilsonae, paratypes, SP, Manzanares el Real e A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097478">16 c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6FC699AF5CB7917202A476F58E499552" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Elytral sculpture of interstices 2 or 3 a – z stacked photographs a A. plagiatus plagiatus, CZ, Moravia b, c A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes, CH b Gangca, Qinghai c Gansu d A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay e A. chellala sp. nov., holotype f A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg g, h A. discoides g neotype, IS, Kuneitra h TR, Kizildag i A. discoides, black specimen, TR, Karakurt j A. kraatzi, SK k A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere l, m A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn n – q A. muscorum, HU n holotype, Vörös-tó o Hortobágyi p, q Kisjúszállás r, s A. niger? r CZ, Hradec Králové s CZ, České Budějovice t A. muscorum? SK, Bol u A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily v A. felix sp. nov., paratype, IT w A. wilsonae, paratype, SP x A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica y A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia z A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag. a’ – c ’ A. plagiatus, at higher magnification a ’, c ’ stacked photographs a ”, c ” SEM images a ’, a ” A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., CH, Gansu c ”, c ’ A. p. plagiatus, CZ, Moravia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097480">17 w</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="4E3231C349E387DA3A352095D875528B" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">18 o</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9073C436F32F98000052DFFB8BC6A112" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Metaventrites, A. niger group a – d A. niger a, c, d SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b GB, Hampshire, New Forest a, b ♂ c, d ♀ e, g – j A. muscorum e holotype ♀, HU, Vörös-tó f A. felix sp. nov., paratype ♂, IT, Campo Felice g ♂, HU, Hortobágyi h, i ♀♀, HU, Kisujszallas j ♀, HU, Josvafo k A. felix sp. nov. paratype ♀, IT, Campo Felice l, m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia l ♂ m ♀ n, o A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes, TR, Rize, Ovitdag n ♂, o ♀ p – r A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica p ♂ q, r ♀ s, t A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia s ♂ t ♀ u – w A. wilsonae, paratypes u, v SP, Manzanares el Real u ♂ v ♀ w ♀, SP, El Vellon x, y A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere x ♂ y ♀. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097488">21 u – w</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0F088D65EEB32ED9A742BF82A681AC7E" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. A. niger group, aedeagi with inflated endophalli, stacked photographs and SEM images a – e, g – w right lateral view f viewed from above a – c A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn a stacked photograph b the same aedeagus, SEM image c detail of endophallic teeth d – f A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest d stacked photograph e, f SEM images g – i A. wilsonae, SP, Areños g stacked photograph h SEM image, i detail of endophallic teeth j – l A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype j stacked photograph k SEM image l detail of endophallic teeth m – o A. krelli sp. nov., holotype m stacked photograph n SEM image o detail of endophallic teeth p – r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype p stacked photograph q SEM image r detail of endophallic teeth s, t A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype s stacked photograph t SEM image of endophallus u A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi, stacked photograph v, w A. felix sp. nov., holotype, SEM images v aedeagus w detail of endophallic teeth. Black Scale bar: 0.5 mm for aedeagi and endophallus, white SEM scale on black background: 50 μm for details of endophallic teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097492">
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– i
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,
<figureCitation id="2F760D38A13397C1B220565E491D50AC" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 o</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3863AB3D10C066E1EA2122986CF0F338" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Spermathecae a – e A. plagiatus plagiatus a CZ, Dobre Pole b GB, Norfolk c KZ, Karaganda d, e RU, Transbaikal, Ulan Ude f, g A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN f Gansu g holotype, CN, Qinghai h, i A. discoides, TR h Kizil dag, i Muʂ j A. rutilipennis CY, Limassol distr k A. rutilipennis?, GR Thesaloniki l A. chellala, paratype, AG, Chellala m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, RU, wet but not covered n KZ, Syr-Darja o – s A. kraatzi o, p SK q RU, Astrakhan r RU, Lenkoran s AF, Kabul t A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest u A. muscorum HU, Hortobágyi v A felix, paratype, IT w, x A. bameuli, paratypes, FR y A. krelli, sp. nov., IT z A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT a ’, b ’ A. alberti sp. nov., TR paratypes c ’ A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR Ḉamildere d ’, e ’ A. wilsonae, SP d ’ paratype, SP, Madrid e ’ SP, Soria. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097499">26 d ’, e’, 33 m-p, 34 k, l</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="123792DDBB8C2A96CAE76E22D3DDBAC3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A535B9C2DD44739EE36857C3EF83E24A">
<treatmentCitation id="A0B243698B8FE69D64C630C8A97B2401" author="Maté JF &amp; Angus RB" page="329" year="2005">
<taxonomicName id="A506E3232C5F2E1493F52F83B56714B4" ID-CoL="FGDW" authority="Mate" authorityName="Mate" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilsonae" subGenus="Liothorax">
<emphasis id="FF1B1D2153386BCB406119D2D362F4E7" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9FA71BF3133575AFBDACD395F626BFC" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="4C702AABFE8D8D052B4EAE0DFB535FE7" italics="true">wilsonae</emphasis>
<comment id="2A16BF64358825E46655AD93D78F3BE0">
<bibRefCitation id="53719F0A9D3B37D14B76E8C6434D2568" author="Maté JF &amp; Angus RB" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pagination="325-336" refId="B33" refString="Mate JF, Angus RB (2005) Description of a new species of Aphodius Illiger from the Iberian Peninsula and comments regarding the biogeography and ecology of the subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky. Koleopterologische Rundschau 75: 325 - 336." title="Description of a new species of Aphodius Illiger from the Iberian Peninsula and comments regarding the biogeography and ecology of the subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky." volume="75" year="2005">Maté &amp; Angus, 2005: 329</bibRefCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EWNDM" type="type material">
<paragraph id="71168FFAA4CE9A4CC0711129D8C823DE">
<heading id="2B7E7C297EE94454610CB32CEF21EB07" reason="title">Type material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7AA1D0C92B05656E24163393FF8CF264">
<materialsCitation id="FF70A635EE65CC27D5C8A945D44D151D" collectingDate="2001-04-26" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="SP Provincia de Burgos &amp; de Corconte" latitude="40.031" location="Balneario de Corconte" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="-3.884" municipality="Provincia de Burgos" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Angus" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F7E9EFFF870B8ACEC5909D4C4E4D8136" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="2E15133B1666831E07B12B9DE603D04E" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="596F51DBB6FA26404F0D8BADC281834F" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="C427119C4FBE31F3FF2B431FF6745C8E">
SP
<collectingMunicipality id="51A8C25D0E07F333D13093DC7B0257E2">Provincia de Burgos</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
,
<location id="EA516796F9C68F643F3422FC9E73A395" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:804FB70A33F65170BB500EA7C567EA54:EA516796F9C68F643F3422FC9E73A395" latitude="40.031" longLatPrecision="69" longitude="-3.884" municipality="Provincia de Burgos" name="Balneario de Corconte" stateProvince="Angus">
Balneario
<collectorName id="15D14B2E5ACC86673B7AA7CF4C575311">de Corconte</collectorName>
</location>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EEODM" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-3.884000,40.031000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="839723CA6688673D0276107AF75D6B35" degrees="40.031" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="40.031">40.031 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D47C6219F715694E4114CA6AAFEF6E5E" degrees="3.884" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-3.884">3.884 ° W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="ADF34598FBB5A9419C95E727EB212312" value="2001-04-26">
<collectingDate id="2D7D063EAD28D58D289DE227B73B5485" value="2001-04-26">26. iv. 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
. leg. R. B.
<collectingRegion id="5E43044454EDBE0B9E1E6106FA23763A" country="United Kingdom" name="Angus">Angus</collectingRegion>
(
<named-content id="0E255E7BAB1C28C4786A5BA63EFE4460" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="4498DFEBA7B64EEDB773F18CFED27463" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="09D9F013E65F877C8AB01C3FBEB6D199" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="1E519C7A4E623FCA50885052C8A885F6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: SP: Provincia de
<collectingRegion id="CE727BCDE658D8066F91D9A378F97DCD" country="Spain" name="Madrid">Madrid</collectingRegion>
, Manzanares el Real, Embalse de Santillana,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ETODM" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-3.857000,40.720000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="FC9FC00394788CABEA2017E93D7CD6BE" degrees="40.720" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="40.72">40.720 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="16FF4D1AA0F139837DDCE3F9D77102E5" degrees="3.857" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-3.857">3.857 ° W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="E344390E9F4A823A7C0F2E564256225F" value="2003-04-01">1. iv. 2003</date>
, sieving detritus from edge of water, leg. R. B.
<collectingRegion id="5B42111867D9F85BD23381651D12718D" country="United Kingdom" name="Angus">Angus</collectingRegion>
&amp; G. I. Aradottir,
<specimenCount id="443EC6BFD893C6B5A100B512D589EDEF" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="E4E84C2B4A4F1D8103F06FAD6114EB49" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 1 unsexed (
<named-content id="E0B9C6C2AD3B7A602387DD4282CB0E64" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="D1C5C279F44A3D3C687D2C8A53F329C7" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3ODM" type="material">
<paragraph id="F6866CF710E993C8625544EED8C8C3A4">
<heading id="DD9CA96319CA759B6129790D18207BA8" reason="title">Other material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="337664288BA408E8F2C32BDC5EC31319">
SP Provincia de
<collectingRegion id="7AD9DA1866EA050A525B9A7D97A022C5" country="Spain" name="Cantabria">Cantabria</collectingRegion>
, Areños,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFPDM" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-4.724000,43.112000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="614B244830B7AEF3D4464D2748EB2443" degrees="43.112" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="43.112">43.112 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DF347A3E6267A63A2E16EBE17C8E34E8" degrees="4.724" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-4.724">4.724 ° W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="68899A1929D022766898BEAC648870AA" value="2012-06-05">5. vi. 2012</date>
. By digging mud under dried-out pool.
<specimenCount id="071F7F6C60BFCE5311C5C5628636C2CD" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
. Leg. R. B &amp; E. M.
<collectingRegion id="DC49AFEA1BC1ADE398BA1B35A2227E34" country="United Kingdom" name="Angus">Angus</collectingRegion>
; Provincia de Burgos, S of Balneario de Corconte, strandline detritus.
<date id="F982E3E66E913D2B576214D0FDBE7F27" value="2014-04-01">1. iv. 2014</date>
. leg. R. B.
<collectingRegion id="3C75201BBEAC5FE9C1307788E05EF96C" country="United Kingdom" name="Angus">Angus</collectingRegion>
.
<specimenCount id="69D44C25AECB04CD0A8BD50BC6EA419E" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<named-content id="44C45A8436C156C7704D677B226B863A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="87086F4BD6F0C89CCA40E2ACCC3E1B63" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
); Provincia de Álava, Vittoria au Mt Gorbea,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ERPDM" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-2.782000,34.634000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="D11B5AE8BC0932C5004BBD4EDE6BE0A6" degrees="34.634" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="34.634">34.634 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="689E1994BBCD3ABA2486960098DE75F1" degrees="2.782" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-2.782">2.782 ° W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="2E7B4931ADAA8E396F23B8AB8CACCFA3" value="1879-06">Juin 1879</date>
.
<specimenCount id="67C573C39D2923D7E7283F51566E0EEF" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWPDM" xlink_title="Muséum d’histiore naturelle, Genève">
<collectionCode id="73519E68157BE81E643BE3A885E3B680">MNHG</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
); Provincia de
<collectingRegion id="F308F246C7D6A9A256D9AF0EF21501DC" country="Spain" name="Madrid">Madrid</collectingRegion>
, Puerto de la Morcuera,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E4PDM" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-3.399000,40.828000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="1C3139CA0BB3ED95B783A78F37EE22AE" degrees="40.828" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="40.828">40.828 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EA2076BFA653CB531C2AC3F504598B8A" degrees="3.399" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-3.399">3.399 ° W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. 15.1
<date id="14A798966E64AD850501211FA1636D17" value="1997-05">v. 1997</date>
. 2, unsexed (
<named-content id="533E5F699A00F2997CBBE44EF0D76545" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-prague-0" xlink_title="National Museum Prague">
<collectionCode id="9F57021E2FB08BDE56DCBCBA342D80E0" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx6k-enrh" name="National Museum (Prague)" type="">NMP</collectionCode>
</named-content>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D62844A6E389A46B978E8D4AE075B5F4">
P: Monchique, Algarve,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ELQDM" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-8.557000,37.317000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E04D6C67E99250C00BC51736E430F96E" degrees="37.317" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="37.317">37.317 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6FCF9050A840A451C8DA7561415B09C0" degrees="8.557" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-8.557">8.557 ° W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
.
<date id="5EAF0CC8C2C70EA65420D265B5F7F157" value="1910-05-06" valueMax="1910-05-13" valueMin="1910-05-06">6–13. v. 1910</date>
, leg. K.
<collectingCountry id="325652BB40314D6C0DF8C4F880580F93" name="Jordan">Jordan</collectingCountry>
.
<specimenCount id="509F1409F1C102FF8A83B944975C6C3F" count="3" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="3A4A29C547036C53BD986907E57D55C2" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<named-content id="B5041832D85A39A8017EF0C56F2974E0" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="49C4977620F1C7897892EB7A482B085C" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
); Serra de Estrela,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EXQDM" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-7.708000,40.326000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="FBA874C57C71B21CD659263E2762A447" degrees="40.326" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="40.326">40.326 ° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CFC46883EBEA9D998470F1E03E6B6315" degrees="7.708" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-7.708">7.708 ° W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. leg. H. Fery.
<specimenCount id="18D53FC0E150FA7751DC0418C2874E95" count="2" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 1 unsexed (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3QDM" xlink_title="Zoologische Staatsammlung München">
<collectionCode id="288234EC96C18B3EE524CE3653CA2B56" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EARDM" type="Differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FB4A18637327067EADFFCB5FE07C1745">
<heading id="E56BE20AB41865952AE2FC412B97641E" reason="title">Differential diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD9C23D0E7F141FFC2C1CB0933167234">
Endophallic teeth conspicuously shorter than in all other species, ca as high as long. Length of longest teeth ca 35 μm (Fig.
<figureCitation id="67DE15C5DD45219D2CF95936ABF85CBC" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. A. niger group, aedeagi with inflated endophalli, stacked photographs and SEM images a – e, g – w right lateral view f viewed from above a – c A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn a stacked photograph b the same aedeagus, SEM image c detail of endophallic teeth d – f A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest d stacked photograph e, f SEM images g – i A. wilsonae, SP, Areños g stacked photograph h SEM image, i detail of endophallic teeth j – l A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype j stacked photograph k SEM image l detail of endophallic teeth m – o A. krelli sp. nov., holotype m stacked photograph n SEM image o detail of endophallic teeth p – r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype p stacked photograph q SEM image r detail of endophallic teeth s, t A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype s stacked photograph t SEM image of endophallus u A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi, stacked photograph v, w A. felix sp. nov., holotype, SEM images v aedeagus w detail of endophallic teeth. Black Scale bar: 0.5 mm for aedeagi and endophallus, white SEM scale on black background: 50 μm for details of endophallic teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097492">
<quantity id="74535DBEB2531EFEA7A6F0EC73B9BE1E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" unit="g" value="23.0">23 g</quantity>
– i
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2754882719023E4032DA01227BFDB866" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 o</figureCitation>
), as against at least 40 μm in other species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EORDM" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="A279E5A62BF604E68893749732388A51">
<heading id="340F64D293B37238147FC266BFBB3BC4" reason="title">Redescription.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8EB0090C09A4844C79408550DBB97609">
General appearance (Fig.
<figureCitation id="47551F9E04864C73E03303A0D42EBB69" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. a – g whole beetles a A. niger, SV, Tullgarn b A. muscorum, holotype HU, Vörös tó c A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice d A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, Corsica, by Lac de Melo e A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia f A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia g A. wilsonae, holotype, SP, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097462">
<quantity id="1B44E8FBA09C35CDB0507C034997F7A3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" unit="g" value="4.0">4 g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Length
<quantity id="091B415A686E504E64EDA0AB8B0EFEA7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.3" unit="mm" value="4.05" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.8 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="153F169C1187E294496B2615E0EBFCDE" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
),
<quantity id="E0AC1B4A303E2C1EC9798EF3363E0567" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.8" unit="mm" value="4.4" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.8">3.8–5 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="C06E330B2E747B3C6AE1299712C0D57D" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), width
<quantity id="1862760067BDAF33DDA1CDD7F0261D5E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.1 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="44F1F3BBC70FC6849EC04E9A01AC99C0" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
),
<quantity id="7F01EC86660EE09314EE586BD00ECDD0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.2 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="4CC7BBBDF12673BFD2D86809ABAB6E32" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Black without obvious paler edges to head, antennae, palpi, and legs black to very dark brown. Head with the frontoclypeal suture very fine, often more or less effaced, laterally almost always so, and without tubercles. Clypeus bulging upwards medially, with double punctation, this finer on disc. Epipharynx (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D6C4510C5FB532D625EC4B25F46884B5" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. a – i epipharynxes a – c A. niger a SV, Tullgarn b, c GB, Hampshire, New Forest d A. niger?, CZ, Hradec Králové e A. muscorum, HU, Hortobagyi f, g A. bellumgerens sp. nov., IT Piano Battaglia, paratypes h, i A. wilsonae paratypes, SP h El Vellón i Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097468">9 h, i</figureCitation>
) with anterior margin of clithra strongly emarginate either side of the projecting median tylus, with a few very fine acropariae. Chaetopedia well-developed, stout, 6–8 each side. Chaetopariae shorter and thinner than chaetopedia, forming a closely-set line each side. Apophobae forming a line of very fine hairs outside the chaetopariae, prophobae lying in small inconspicuous groups near the sides of the mesoepitorma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54E221F5A9D9F4DE8FF6C05982370391">
Head and pronotum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FD365D8C9F0F1C909040B538E1966C7E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 k, l</figureCitation>
): pronotum highly arched transversely and generally distinctly arched longitudinally, giving a somewhat domed appearance, the hemicylindrical appearance less usual than in other
<taxonomicName id="C6C9240C5595AF7373EC856BE92B89A2" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="D5075272543D73E7800FE1B166BB01CD" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
Surface of pronotum bulging outwards laterally so that the lateral margins are sometimes not visible from above in their basal 1 / 3 s. Surface with double punctation, the strength of this variable, from rather fine (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4C4A6BADD5A3375B0804F00725D83A78" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. a – p A. plagiatus group, heads and pronota a – c A. plagiatus plagiatus a GB, Norfolk b CZ, Moravia, Dobre Pole c RU, St Petersburg d A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Qinghai, Gangca e – g A. discoides e neotype IS Kuneitra f TR, Kyzil Dag g Turkey Muş h A. discoides, black ♂, TR, Karakurt i – k A. rutilipennis i A. ressli, holotype, TR, Hatay j CY, Akrotiri k A. cypricola, holotype, CY l A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala m A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg n A. ballerioi sp. nov., paratype ♂, TR, Rize o, p L. kraatzi o RU, Astrakhan p SR. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097463">5 k</figureCitation>
) to distinctly coarser.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A994D6E22306B5FEA82A87BC36E64AD3">Scutellum elongate, pentagonal, glossy with a few punctures medially.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0CF1D869D5082367441BF51FD7FB8ED0">
Elytra black, interstices with very fine reticulation (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6685AFF3673CBD8EA7FDD17903FA57CB" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Elytral sculpture of interstices 2 or 3 a – z stacked photographs a A. plagiatus plagiatus, CZ, Moravia b, c A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes, CH b Gangca, Qinghai c Gansu d A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay e A. chellala sp. nov., holotype f A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg g, h A. discoides g neotype, IS, Kuneitra h TR, Kizildag i A. discoides, black specimen, TR, Karakurt j A. kraatzi, SK k A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere l, m A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn n – q A. muscorum, HU n holotype, Vörös-tó o Hortobágyi p, q Kisjúszállás r, s A. niger? r CZ, Hradec Králové s CZ, České Budějovice t A. muscorum? SK, Bol u A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily v A. felix sp. nov., paratype, IT w A. wilsonae, paratype, SP x A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica y A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia z A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag. a’ – c ’ A. plagiatus, at higher magnification a ’, c ’ stacked photographs a ”, c ” SEM images a ’, a ” A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., CH, Gansu c ”, c ’ A. p. plagiatus, CZ, Moravia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097480">17 w</figureCitation>
) and widely separated fine punctures, ca 8 × the width of the striae. Striae glossy, vertical-sided, with punctures separated by ca 2 × their diameter and encroaching on the vertical sides of the striae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D8B359B87289ED53B0274E831534A036" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 2 a A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica b A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia c, d A. wilsonae, paratypes, SP, Manzanares el Real e A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097478">16 w</figureCitation>
). Metaventrite (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C60394BA5BED50B1F1B3F04BBA4E2826" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Metaventrites, A. niger group a – d A. niger a, c, d SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b GB, Hampshire, New Forest a, b ♂ c, d ♀ e, g – j A. muscorum e holotype ♀, HU, Vörös-tó f A. felix sp. nov., paratype ♂, IT, Campo Felice g ♂, HU, Hortobágyi h, i ♀♀, HU, Kisujszallas j ♀, HU, Josvafo k A. felix sp. nov. paratype ♀, IT, Campo Felice l, m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia l ♂ m ♀ n, o A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes, TR, Rize, Ovitdag n ♂, o ♀ p – r A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica p ♂ q, r ♀ s, t A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia s ♂ t ♀ u – w A. wilsonae, paratypes u, v SP, Manzanares el Real u ♂ v ♀ w ♀, SP, El Vellon x, y A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere x ♂ y ♀. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097488">21 u – w</figureCitation>
) with central diamond-shaped area bearing sparse fine or moderate punctures and often small patches of reticulation. No obvious sexual dimorphism. Legs dark brown, longer spur of mesotibiae clearly slightly longer than basal segment of mesotarsus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7014CF3C6DEAE576B8A1BA7BBB9569A9" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">18 o</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74A93D9069B4C0DF61A361423863998A">
Aedeagus (Figs
<figureCitation id="4C918F3CA927747075CD7079208C56DE" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. A. niger group, aedeagi with inflated endophalli, stacked photographs and SEM images a – e, g – w right lateral view f viewed from above a – c A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn a stacked photograph b the same aedeagus, SEM image c detail of endophallic teeth d – f A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest d stacked photograph e, f SEM images g – i A. wilsonae, SP, Areños g stacked photograph h SEM image, i detail of endophallic teeth j – l A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype j stacked photograph k SEM image l detail of endophallic teeth m – o A. krelli sp. nov., holotype m stacked photograph n SEM image o detail of endophallic teeth p – r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype p stacked photograph q SEM image r detail of endophallic teeth s, t A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype s stacked photograph t SEM image of endophallus u A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi, stacked photograph v, w A. felix sp. nov., holotype, SEM images v aedeagus w detail of endophallic teeth. Black Scale bar: 0.5 mm for aedeagi and endophallus, white SEM scale on black background: 50 μm for details of endophallic teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097492">
<quantity id="242D8B5E964FC21EAE2CED80F87AD7D7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" unit="g" value="23.0">23 g</quantity>
– i
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="35F974FE2C7D0C317F765CC72C024321" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 o</figureCitation>
). Length ca
<quantity id="FB65098B340687820B8A84F0227903B7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
, paramere length ca
<quantity id="61F9F2608C1193C33175382BFD249C3D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
, basal piece length ca
<quantity id="D525ED26A31C2B43E34D54E18CDB2977" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" unit="mm" value="0.69">0.69 mm</quantity>
, length of endophallic tooth-field ca
<quantity id="705E78B04847E69DF80DAF2037535117" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="mm" value="0.37">0.37 mm</quantity>
, length of longest teeth ca 35 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKTDM" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="5CA9860423F5DDACE7503FC7979F3A49">
<heading id="F7D623301C0D0CAD21DAF04EBD7F6A55" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD3D6214B6D283CAB02E67656B117340">
<taxonomicName id="236789B3D23AB74EC6808C850A1B8DA6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilsonae">
<emphasis id="4CEEFD0EFA25E88BC4DFDDBABE41D0D0" italics="true">Aphodius wilsonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stat. rest. is widely distributed mainly on higher ground in the northern half of
<collectingCountry id="75810F8FABAC5FF0A64FFC406B9DB326" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3AA9064D564DE8B4F198DFC1C6B909D1" name="Portugal">Portugal</collectingCountry>
, but with some material from the Algarve (this location needs to be verified by future sampling; Fig.
<figureCitation id="0714839A7DEA0F2380FFF70C9319B30C" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. a distribution of niger - group taxa in Western and Central Europe b distribution of Liothorax species in Central and Eastern Palearctic c distribution of plagiatus - group species in Central and Eastern Palearctic. The record of isikdagensis with the question mark indicates a doubtful specimen from Artvin Çam, TR (Ziani Coll)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097509">29 a</figureCitation>
). It is generally taken in the spring and early summer, either in detritus at the edges of water bodies (Fig.
<figureCitation id="39C5D506D72CA7139A8DB1760ABE8C4D" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Habitat pictures a A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest b A. muscorum, HU, Hortobagyi c A. niger, SW, Tullgarn d A. krelli sp. nov., IT, Sardinia, Badde Salighes e A. bameuli sp. nov., FR, Corsica, Haute-Corse, Lac de Melo f A. wilsonae, SP, Cantabria, Corconte g A. bellumgerens sp. nov., IT, Sicily, Nebrodi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097502">27 f</figureCitation>
), or at the roots of vegetation where pools have dried out. It is sometimes very abundant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>