diff --git a/data/12/1D/8F/121D8F6875C25860934C05AC5878D13E.xml b/data/12/1D/8F/121D8F6875C25860934C05AC5878D13E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6d2ac4e8627 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/1D/8F/121D8F6875C25860934C05AC5878D13E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,414 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +krelli + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 4 e +, +6 h +, +8 j +, +16 b +, +17 y +, + +18 m +, n + +, + +23 m +, o + +, +26 y +, +33 e – l +, +34 i, j + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +♂ +: +Sardinia +, +Nuoro Province +, +Badde Salighes + +3. iv. 2012 + +. +R. B. & E. M. Angus. +L 5.0 mm, b +2.1 mm +. Chromosome prep. 2, + +5. iv. 2012 + +( + +NHMUK + +) + +. + +Paratypes + +: +4 ♂♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +, data as +holotype +, but +1 ♂ +taken on +1. iv. 2012 +. +♂ +paratypes +with chromosome preparation data prep. 5: +5. iv. 2012 +and prep. 1: +10. iv. 2012 +, +♀ +paratypes +with data preps 3, 4, 6–8: +5. iv. 2012 +( + +NHMUK + +); +1 ♀ +, data as +holotype +( + +NMP + +) +1 ♀ +, data as +holotype +( + +JFMC + +); +1 ♂ +, chromosome prep 5, +5. iv. 2012 +, data as +holotype +( + +DMNS + +); +1 ♀ +, +Sardinia +, Sassari, Ciaccia, +17. VII. 2008 +, old sheep dung, R. B. Angus ( + +JFMC + +); 2 unsexed, +ITALY +, +Sardegna +, Nuoro, Altopiano della Campeda, + +40 ° 21.245 ' N +, +8 ° 47.044 ' E + +, +580 m +, +18. 5. 2005 +leg. Starke ( + +ABC + +); 1 unsexed, [ +ITALY +], Badde Salighes +Sardegna +[Nuoro Pr], + +Aphodius +( +Nialus +) +niger +Carpaneto + +det. 1982 ( + +MNHG + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +Sardinian + +A. krelli + +differs from Corsican + +A. bameuli + +in being less parallel-sided (Fig. +4 e, d +) and with the pronotum more heavily punctate (Fig. +6 h, g +). The karyotypes of the two are very similar in the sizes and shapes of their chromosomes (Fig. +33 e – l +) but the long arm of autosome +7 in + +A. krelli + +is heterochromatic and is polymorphic for a deletion – it may be present (Fig. +33 f, i – l +) or absent (Fig. + +33 g +, h + +). + + + + +Description. + + +General appearance (Fig. +4 e +). Length: 4.4–5.0 mm, width: 2.0– +2.1 mm +( +♂ +), +4.1–4.5 mm +, width 1.7–2.0 mm ( +♀ +). Head: glossy black with no trace of reticulation, anterior margin vaguely browner. Sculpture of double punctation, the fine punctures separated by ca 2 × their width, the coarser punctures ca 3 × the diameter of the fine ones, distributed over the anterior and lateral parts of the head and on the frons. Frons elevated in a vague hump on disc. Frontoclypeal suture very fine but distinct and complete. Anterior margin of clypeus emarginated medially, the margin rounded either side of this emargination. Anterior and lateral margins of head bordered, the border extending from the back of the genae. Genae distinct, fairly abruptly divergent anteriorly from anterior margin of the eyes, widest point behind middle of genae, in front of which the genal margins curve more gently to the clypeus, which they meet at a slight angle. Epipharynx (Fig. +8 j +) with anterior margin of clithra strongly emarginate each side of the median tylus, and with a few fine acropariae. Chaetopedia stout and long, four or five each side; chaetopariae closely set, fairly stout, forming a line each side. Prophobae very fine, clustered along the edges of the mesoepitorma; apophobae fine and long, arranged in a line outside the chaetopariae. Antennae and palpi blackish brown. Head and pronotum as in Fig. +6 h +. Pronotum: hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely but very weakly so longitudinally in the mid-line. Lateral margins entirely visible from above. Lateral margin bordered, basal margin with very fine border, this sometimes complete but usually absent from the median 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the margin. Surface glossy black with no hint of reticulation but with double punctation. Fine punctures dot-like, extending over the whole surface, coarser punctures ca 4–8 × the diameter of the dots, sparser and tending to be smaller on the disc. Fine punctures separated by ca 4–6 × their diameter, coarse ones by 1.5–2.5 × their diameter. + +Scutellum: narrow, pentagonal, sides parallel in basal 1 / 2 then convergent to a blunt point apically. Surface glossy black with a few punctures in basal 1 / 2. + +Elytra: elongate, not quite parallel-sided, widest just behind middle, then tapered to bluntly rounded apex. Ground colour of interstices silky black with very fine faint isodiametric reticulation (Fig. +17 y +). Striae glossy black. Interstices flat, ca 10 × the width of the striae, with scattered fine punctures separated by ca 4–5 × their width. Sutural interstices weakly raised longitudinally from their external margins to ca 1 / 3 of the way to the suture, then depressed to the suture. Striae narrow, with vertical sides, with a single row of punctures separated by ca 3 × their diameter, the sides of these punctures encroaching into the strial margins. Metaventrite with median diamond-shaped area fairly strongly punctate, the punctures larger than in + +A. bameuli + +, in males concave to median impressed furrow, in females often flatter. + + +Legs: dark brown, longer spur of mid tibiae clearly longer than basal segment of tarsus, although sometimes only slightly so (Fig. + +18 m +, n + +). Post tibiae with apical fringe of spines short and of even-length ventrally, longer, sparser and of uneven lengths dorsally. + + +Aedeagus: Fig. + +23 m +– o + +. Length ca +1.1 mm +, length of parameres ca +0.5 mm +, of basal piece ca +0.6 mm +, of endophallic tooth-field ca +0.6 mm +. Length of longest endophallic teeth 56–58 μm. + + + + +Etymology. + + +This species is named after Dr F. - T. Krell of the Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, +Colorado +. + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Aphodius krelli + +sp. nov. +is endemic to Sardinia (Fig. +29 a +). +Pittino (2010) +lists various Sardinian localities, including Badde Salighes, but all the analysed material is from Badde Salighes (Fig. +27 d +). + +Aphodius krelli + +sp. nov. +is described as a new species despite the fact that its karyotype is similar to that of + +A. bameuli + +sp. nov. +from +Corsica +. In spite of the karyological similarities, it is genetically divergent from + +A. bameuli + +, from which it differs by 4.7 %, and instead clusters with + +A. bellumgerens + +sp. nov. +, forming a strongly supported clade. In addition the morphometric study clusters + +A. krelli + +sp. nov. +between the + +niger + +- crown group and the 3 B group, from which it differs in being significantly more convex. Morphologically it differs from + +A. bameuli + +sp. nov. +in being generally more heavily sculptured and more rounded. Its habitat is also different – whereas + +A. bameuli + +sp. nov. +is a dung-inhabiting species, + +A. krelli + +sp. nov. +, like most + +Liothorax + +, is found at the edge of water. The +type +material, brought home alive for laboratory studies, was divided into two lots. One was given organic detritus from where it was collected while the other was given damp fibrous cow-dung of the sort eaten by + +A. bameuli + +sp. nov. +The beetles given detritus continued feeding on the journey home but those given dung did not feed at all. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/21/73/75/21737574B2615B2FA919858AE9561D34.xml b/data/21/73/75/21737574B2615B2FA919858AE9561D34.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..11e90563987 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/21/73/75/21737574B2615B2FA919858AE9561D34.xml @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +rusakovi +Gusakov, 2004 + + + + + +Figs 2 i +, + +5 m + +, +14 c +, +17 f +, + +20 m +, n + +, +18 h, v +, + +22 p, p ’, +26 m +, n + + + + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +rusakovi + +Gusakov, 2004: 6 +. + + + + + + + + +Type material examined. + + +2 paratypes +from the +Orenburg +oblast’, +Russia +( + +NHMUK + +). + + + + +Additional material examined. + + +RU: +1 ♀ +, +Ulyanovsk +, + +54.056 ° N +, +48.519 ° E + +( + +ZIN + +); +1 ♂ +, +Volgograd +oblast’, + +48.7 ° N +, +44.5 ° E + +, Fastov. leg. Grebennikov. ( + +ZIN + +). + + +KZ or UZ +1 ♀ +“ Syr-Darja. / B. v. Bodemeyer. ” ( + +NMP + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +A conspicuously narrow parallel-sided species, comparable with + +A. kraatzi + +but larger, length +4.5–6.5 mm +and base of pronotum completely bordered by a fine impressed line, this sometimes weaker medially (Fig. +14 c +). Protibial spur of male strongly incurved apically (Fig. +18 v +). +♀ +with spermatheca larger (Fig. + +26 m +, n + +). + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +2 i +). Glossy black, length +4.7–5.5 mm +, width +1.9–2.2 mm +. Head fairly closely punctate, sometimes slightly rugose on the frons and anterolateral parts of the clypeus, and occasionally rugose over all except the central part of the clypeal bulge. Double punctation scarcely apparent except when the punctation is sparser on the clypeal bulge. Clypeus emarginated anteriorly, edges of this emargination bluntly rounded (head and pronotum: Fig. + +5 m + +). Frontoclypeal suture interrupted medially in +♀ +, in +♂ +sometimes with a very weak tubercle, viewed with suitable lighting (Fig. +2 i +). Epipharynx (Fig. +7 i +) with anterior margin of clithra almost straight either side of the median tylus and the mesoepitorma scarcely darkened. Prophobae rather strong, grouped towards the margins of the mesoepitorma. Chaetopedia three or four each side. Pronotum highly arched transversely, weakly so longitudinally. Entire lateral margins visible from above (Figs +2 i +, + +5 m + +). Surface with double punctation, this often close though sometimes sparser on the disc. In some specimens the punctures are deeply impressed, so the pronotal surface does not appear smooth. Basal margin entirely bordered, the border rather heavy (Fig. +14 c +). Elytra noticeably elongate, parallel-sided. Striae narrow but rather deep, strial punctures separated by ca 4 × their diameters. Interstices 6–8 × the width of the striae, with distinct sparse fine punctation and fine reticulation (Fig. +17 f +). Apex bluntly rounded. Metaventrite (Fig. + +20 m +, n + +) with median diamond- shaped plate fairly strongly punctate and no obvious sexual dimorphism. Legs with longer spur of mid tibiae slightly longer than the basal segment (Fig. +18 h +), and in males the spur of the anterior tibiae is distinctly hooked (Fig. +18 v +). + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +22 p, p +’) length ca +1.1 mm +, parameres relatively short and blunt-ended, somewhat downturned apically. Endophallus with scales but no hairs or bristles. + + + + +Remarks. + + +Distributed mainly in southern +Russia +, +Ukraine +, and +Kazakhstan +(Fig. +29 b, c +). +Gusakov (2004) +lists the +holotype +and +14 paratypes +as having been collected in a dried-out rivulet at Ilek, +120 km +SSW of Orenburg on the southern Urals, with two further +paratypes +from the Rostov and +Kharkov +districts of +Ukraine +and four more from the Temirsky region and Uralsk oblast’ in +Kazakhstan +The Ulyanovsk specimen ( + +ZIN + +) is labelled as having been taken in a damp saline area (solonchak). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/3E/F5/EA/3EF5EA588BCC5C07A9036A941DDCB1D7.xml b/data/3E/F5/EA/3EF5EA588BCC5C07A9036A941DDCB1D7.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d9d0190cdd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3E/F5/EA/3EF5EA588BCC5C07A9036A941DDCB1D7.xml @@ -0,0 +1,387 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +alberti + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 3 e – g +, +5 c, d +, +6 c, d +, +8 k, l +, + +18 t + +, +20 o +, +21 n, o +, +24 e – j 25 d, 26 b’, c’ + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +: +♂ +, “ +Turchia +– Vil. +Rize +, +Ovitdagi +gecidi mt 2600, + +18 - jun- 1992 + +. leg. + + + +A. + + +Ballerio. + +” ( + +NHMUK + +) + +. + +Paratypes + +: +4 ♂♂ +, +7 ♀♀ +, 17 unsexed, data as +holotype +. +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +, 1 with mouthparts dissected ( + +NHMUK + +), +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +, 14 unsexed ( + +AB + +). +5 ♀♀ +, data as +holotype +( + +JFMC + +). + + + + +Other material examined. + + +Four specimens +, unsexed, Ulu Dag b. Bursa As. M. occ. V: 1968 Schweiger, +MNHG +, may belong to this species. A male from central +Armenia +, Selim Pass +2350 m +, coll. Ziani is shown by its parameres to belong to the + +A. niger + +species complex, and it agrees with + +A. alberti + +in its black to blackish-brown appendages and its small size, length +3.9 mm +. The epipharynx of this specimen has the apophobae less regular but the darkened area is narrowed in its basal 1 / 4. + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + + +Aphodius alberti + +sp. nov. +is the second + +A. niger + +group species recognised in +Turkey +, and as such requires comparison with + +A. isikdagensis + +. The most striking distinctions are the size ranges: in + +A. alberti + +sp. nov. +4.1–4.9 mm +, in + +A. isikdagensis + +4.5–5.8 mm +and the colour of the appendages: in + +L. alberti + +sp. nov. +the legs are blackish brown to very dark brown (Fig. +3 e – g +), in + +A. isikdagensis + +mid brown (Fig. +3 c, d +). The maxillary palpi are metallic black to very dark blackish brown in + +A. alberti + +sp. nov. +as against mid brown in + +A. isikdagensis + +(metallic black in the +Artvin +specimen). In + +A. isikdagensis + +there is a sexual dimorphism in the head: the males with the central area of the clypeus clearly more strongly bulging upwards than in females, and the outer margin of the genae almost continuous with the clypeal margin in the male, but distinctly angled outwards in the female. In + +A. alberti + +sp. nov. +the central area of the clypeus of both sexes bulges upwards strongly, and the outer margin of the genae is almost continuous with that of the clypeus. The epipharynxes of the two species show some clear differences: in + +A. isikdagensis + +the median darkened area is broadly triangular, widest at its base, there are six or seven chaetopedia each side, and the rows of apophobae are arranged in narrow bands, ca two bristles wide, while in + +A. alberti + +sp. nov. +the darkened area is narrowed over its basal 1 / 3, there are four chaetopedia each side and the rows of apophobae are as single lines (Fig. +8 c, d, k, l +). + + + + +Description. + + +General appearance (Fig. +3 e – g +). Length 4.1–4.5 ( +♂ +), +4.1–4.9 mm +( +♀ +), width +1.9–1.95 mm +( +♂ +), +1.9–2 mm +( +♀ +). Head (Figs +3 e – g +, +6 c, d +) black, anterior clypeal margin narrowly dark brown, excised medially, angles at sides of excision bluntly rounded. Central area of clypeus bulging upwards in both sexes, punctation fine, moderately dense, with some variation in strength, this not dependant on the sex of the specimen. Frontoclypeal suture fine and straight-transverse over central 1 / 2, with no trace of a median tubercle, then angled forward to meet the sides just anterior to the genae. Lateral margins of genae either continuous with those of clypeus or with a very slight outward angle, without sexual dimorphism. Maxillary palpi glossy blackish brown, antennae dark brown. Epipharynx (Fig. +8 k, l +) with the central tylus strongly projecting anteriorly and the anterior margin of the clithra clearly excised either side. Central darkened sclerotised epitorma triangular in apical 2 / 3, then the sides curved inwards so that the width at the base of the darkened region is ca 3 / 4 of its maximum width. Acropariae virtually absent, chaetopariae well-spaced, four each side. Surface of gymnopedia covered with small tooth-like asperities. Prophobae fairly strong, clustered at the edges of the median sclerotised mesoepitorma, apophobae fine, arranged in a single line outside the chaetopariae. + + +Pronotum hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, scarcely at all longitudinally. Entire lateral margins visible from above. Surface with double punctation, some specimens (male and female) have the punctation heavier with the larger punctures separated by at least twice their diameter, sparser on disc (Figs +3 e, g +, +6 d +), in others the punctation is sparser and finer (Figs +3 f +, +5 c, d +). Posterior margin completely but narrowly bordered (Figs +3 e – g +, +6 c, d +), the border not widened medially, continuous round the posterior corners. Scutellum pentagonal, elongate, glossy, sometimes with a few punctures medio-basally. + + +Elytra black, interstices flat, 6–8 × width of the striae, with fine isodiametric reticulation and sparse fine punctures. Metaventrite (Fig. +21 n, o +) rather finely punctured in both sexes, flattened over median diamond-shaped plate, sometimes with an impressed median line. Legs dark blackish brown (Fig. +3 e – g +), basal segment of mesotarsi elongate, slightly longer than the longer tibial spur (Fig. + +18 t + +). The legs and metaventrite Fig. +20 o +appear unnaturally pale brown due to the intense lighting. + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +24 e – j +) Aedeagus length ca +1.1 mm +, parameres length ca +0.44 mm +, basal piece length ca +0.59 mm +. Length of tooth-field ca +0.58 mm +, length of longest teeth ca 54 µm. Parameres in lateral view weakly to moderately downturned apically (Fig. +24 h – j +). In dorsoventral view sensory area either not visible (Fig. + +24 g + +, the +holotype +), or visible after squashing as a curved band round the paramere apex (Fig. +24 e, f, a +paratype +). The parameres struts are clearly less darkened in the +paratype +, suggesting that the aedeagus is less fully hardened, which would render it more prone to squashing. + + + + +Remarks. + + +Apparently widespread on high ground in +Anatolia +and possibly extending into +Armenia +(Fig. +29 a +). According to +A. +Ballerio (pers. comm., +16. vi. 2023 +) the + +Liothorax + +were found on snow patches and in puddles at the sides of the road passing through Ovit pass, a typical alpine prairie (Fig. +28 e +). They were mixed with fewer + +Aphodius +( +Neagolius +) +ovitensis +Pittino & Ballerio, 1994 + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/3F/6E/65/3F6E65BAE8115765BEA7804ADA8107F4.xml b/data/3F/6E/65/3F6E65BAE8115765BEA7804ADA8107F4.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c965873df41 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/3F/6E/65/3F6E65BAE8115765BEA7804ADA8107F4.xml @@ -0,0 +1,273 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +chellala + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 2 h +, +5 l +, +7 k +, +13 e +, +17 e +, +18 d +, +20 e, f +, +22 s – s ” ’, t, u, 25 l, 26 l + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +♂ +: +Chellala +, +Algeria +( + +33.074 ° N +, +0.123 ° W + +) +De Vauloger. Nevinson +coll. 1918 – 14 ( + +NHMUK + +) + +. + +Paratypes + +: +8 ♂♂ +, +14 ♀♀ +, 1 unsexed (lacking head), data as +holotype +. +1 ♂ +and +2 ♀♀ +have the labels “ Prov. D’Alger. Chellala 1895 de Vauloger ”, these presumably the basis of the English labels on the other specimens. +9 ♂♂ +, +3 ♀♀ +, Taguin (near Zmalet El Emir Abdelkader, + +35.221 ° N +, +1.402 ° W + +), +Algeria +, De Vauloger. Nevinson coll. 1918 – 14. +NHMUK +. As with the Chellala material, +2 ♂♂ +have the French label “ Prov. D’Alger Taguin 1895 de Vauloger ” ( + +NHMUK + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +Closely resembling dark specimens of + +A. rutilipennis + +but basal margin of pronotum (Fig. +13 e +) more broadly interrupted than in + +A. rutilipennis + +(Fig. +13 c, d +). Endophallus of aedeagus, when extruded, with the scale-patches (Fig. +22 q +’, s ” ’) clearly different from the dense bristle-field of + +A. rutilipennis + +(Fig. +22 q, q +’). + + + + +Description. + + +General appearance (Fig. +2 h +). Length +3.6–4.5 mm +( +♂ +), +3.7–4.5 mm +( +♀ +), width +1.5–1.8 mm +( +♂ +), +1.6–1.9 mm +( +♀ +). Black, antennae, maxillary palpi and legs dark brown. Head: glossy black with anterior from in front of the genae dull brown, this colour merging into the general black ground colour. Anterior margin of clypeus emarginate medially, sides of the emargination rounded. Surface glossy with no trace of reticulation but with sparse double punctation, the larger punctures scarce medially. Disc of clypeus raised as a hump. Frontoclypeal suture fine, without tubercles, complete, angled forward just mediad of the inner margin of the eyes, running to anterior end of genae. Genae protruding in front of eyes, rounded, no angle between anterior end of genae and clypeus. Head and pronotum (Fig. +5 l +): epipharynx (Fig. +7 k +) similar to that of + +A. rutilipennis + +, but, at least in the specimen figured, more heavily sclerotised medially. Pronotum: hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely and weakly so longitudinally in mid-line. Sides of pronotum weakly curved, somewhat convergent anteriorly. Lateral margins in basal 1 / 4 not visible from above, concealed by lateral bulging of pronotal surface. Surface glossy, with no trace of reticulation but with sparse large punctures interspersed with much finer ones, these ca 1 / 5 of the diameter of the larger ones. In some specimens the punctation is a little stronger and closer. Anterior margin of pronotum not bordered, lateral margins bordered from just mediad of anterior angles to base, this border extending (as a very fine impressed line) over the lateral 1 / 3 of the hind margin. Median 1 / 3 of hind margin without any trace of an impressed line (Fig. +13 e +). Scutellum pentagonal, sides parallel in basal 1 / 2, the convergent to blunt apical point. Surface glossy black, impunctate. Elytra black, not quite parallel-sided, widest just behind middle then sides convergent to bluntly rounded apex. Interstices wide and almost flat, ca 5 × the width of the striae, silky black due to fine indistinct reticulation, and with sparse fine punctures, these separated by ca 8 × their diameters. Elytral sculpture: Fig. +17 e +. Striae narrow, vertical-sided, glossy, strial punctures encroaching on their margins. The striae stop short of the elytral apex on the inner 1 / 2 of the elytra, leaving a smooth glossy apical field. Metaventrite (Fig. +20 e, f +) fairly finely punctate, median furrow of central diamond-shaped plate flattish. No consistent sexual dimorphism. Legs dull mid- to dark brown. Long spur of mid tibiae clearly longer than the basal segment of the tarsi (Fig. +18 d +). Hind tibiae with apical spines fairly long and unequal on dorsal / external edge, shorter and of even length along ventral / internal edge. + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +22 s – s +” ’, t, u) small, length ca +0.6 mm +. Apex of parameres membranous, obliquely truncate, often distorted in dried specimens, even when they are soaked again. Endophallus with scales, some of which are elongate, when not everted indistinguishable from that of + +A. rutilipennis + +(Fig. +22 v, x +). However, the everted endophallus shows a clearly different arrangement of scale-patches (Fig. +22 q +’, s ” ’). The +two specimens +with the endophallus everted were the only ones where it had become extruded by partial decomposition of the specimen. These endophalli were softened in dilute potassium hydroxide, transferred to alcohol and then critical-point dried. Unfortunately the better of the two (Fig. +22 s – s +” ’) disintegrated when removal from the SEM stub was attempted. For this reason, the specimen with the less good endophallus is chosen as the +holotype +. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The specific name + +chellala + +is a feminine noun, the name of the +type +locality. + + + + +Remarks. + + +So far known only from North Africa (Fig. +29 b +). We have no information about the habitat. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/40/F7/E1/40F7E142199A525784B70C9E5518C20F.xml b/data/40/F7/E1/40F7E142199A525784B70C9E5518C20F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ce0f08fef0c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/40/F7/E1/40F7E142199A525784B70C9E5518C20F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,399 @@ + + + +Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new Alternaria species (Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae) in Alternaria section from Cucurbitaceae plants in China + + + +Author + +Aung, Sein Lai Lai +https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2738-5598 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Liu, Feng-Yin +0000-0003-3114-603X +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Gou, Ya-Nan +https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6376-8306 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Nwe, Zin Mar +https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6376-8306 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Zhi-He +0000-0001-9477-4135 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Deng, Jian-Xin +0000-0001-7304-5603 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + +text + + +MycoKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +107 + + +125 +139 + + + +journal article +300069 +10.3897/mycokeys.107.124814 +6bd1ed8a-9466-43f9-9c30-03cef8f291b5 + + + + + +Alternaria momordicae +S. L. L. Aung & J. X. Deng + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 3 + + + + + +Type +. + + + +China +, +Sichuan Province +, Deyang city infected leaves of + +Momordica charantia + +. 2016, +J +. X Deng, ( + +YZU + +- H- 2016001, +holotype +), ex-type culture + +YZU + +161378. + + + + +Etymology. + + +Refers to the host genus, + +Momordica + +. + + + + +Description. + + +Colonies +on + +PDA + +(7 d at 25 ° +C +) greyish yellow-green, light white at the edge, buff to salmon in reverse, surface compact, +50–55 mm +in diam. (Fig. +3 A, B +). On +PCA +(7 d at 22 ° +C +), +conidiophores +arising from substrate, simple, straight or flexuous, septate, olivaceous buff to olivaceous, 26.5–93 × 3–4 μm (x ̄ = 59.5 × 3.8 μm, n = 20); +conidiogenous cells +5–10 × 3–5 µm (x ̄ = 7 × 4 µm, n = 20), mono- to polytretic, terminal, determinate, cylindrical, olivaceous buff to olivaceous, smooth, thin-walled, apically doliiform, with 1 conidiogenous locus cicatrized on conidial secession, sometimes swollen near conidiogenous loci; +conidia +3–4 units per chain, arising from the apex or near the apex of the conidiophores or terminal hyphae, muriform, long ellipsoid or ovoid to obclavate, sometime inverted club-shaped, 6–42 × 4–34 μm (x ̄ = 32.8 × 13.5 μm, n = 50), 1–5 transverse septa, apical beak 2–19.5 μm long and 1–2 septa (Fig. +3 C, E +); On + +V +8 +A + +(7 d at 22 ° +C +), +conidiophores +straight or curved, smooth-walled, olivaceous buff 23–63 (– 208) × 3–5 μm (x ̄ = 64.9 × 4.2 μm, n = 20); +conidiogenous cells +5–13 × 3–4 µm (x ̄ = 7 × 4 µm, n = 20), mono- to polytretic, terminal, determinate, cylindrical, olivaceous buff, smooth, thin-walled, apically doliiform, with 1 conidiogenous locus cicatrized on conidial secession, sometimes swollen near conidiogenous loci; +conidia +3–4 units per chain, muriform, long ellipsoid or ovoid to obclavate, inverted club-shaped, 24–61 × 10 – 17 μm (x ̄ = 39 × 14.3 μm, n = 50), 1–5 transverse septa with apical beak 3–25.5 μm long and 1–2 septa (Fig. +3 D, F +). + + + + + + + +Alternaria momordicae + +sp. nov. +(ex-type +YZU +161378) +A, B +seven-day-old culture on +PDA +C, D +conidiophores and conidia on +PCA +and +V 8 A +, respectively +E, F +conidia on +PCA +and +V 8 A +, respectively. Scale bars: 25 μm ( +E, F +); 50 μm ( +C, D +). + + + + + +Additional isolate examined. + + +China +, +Sichuan Province +, Deyang city infected leaves of + +Momordica charantia + +. 2016, +J +. X Deng, living culture + +YZU + +161379. + + + + +Notes. + + +After the combined dataset of + +ITS + +, + +GAPDH + +, + + +TEF +1 + + +, + +RPB 2 + +, +Alt a 1 +, + +EndoPG + +and OPA 10-2 gene fragments, + +A. momordicae + +sp. nov. +is readily distinguished from its sister species + +A. baoshanensis + +, + +A. jingzhouensis + +sp. nov. +, + +A. koreana + +, and + +A. ovoidea + +, (Fig. +1 +). After a nucleotide pairwise comparison as suggested by +Jeewon and Hyde (2016) +, the present species can be readily distinguished from the closet species + +A. koreana + +and others related a novel species based on any of the + +ITS + +, + +GAPDH + +, + + +TEF +1 + + +, + +RPB 2 + +, +Alt a 1 +, + +EndoPG + +, and OPA 10-2 genes, which has 1 bp difference in the + +ITS + +region, 1 bp in + +GAPDH + +, 1 bp in + + +TEF +1 + + +, 4 bp in + +RPB 2 + +, 8 bp in +Alt a 1 +and 10 bp in + +EndoPG + +when compared with + +A. koreana + +and 1 bp in + +GAPDH + +, 4 bp in + +RPB 2 + +, and 11 bp in OPA 10-2 when compared with + +A. jingzhouensis + +sp. nov +.. Morphologically, + +A. momordicae + +sp. nov. +produces conidia on +PCA +that are significantly shorter than those on + +V +8 +A + +. It can be distinguished from + +A. baoshanensis + +, + +A. koreana + +, and + +A. ovoidea + +by producing conidia on a single conidiogenous locus with a wider body and longer beak in a chain of 3–4 units. Additionally, it differs from + +A. jingzhouensis + +sp. nov. +by having a longer beak (Table +2 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/80/4F/B7/804FB70A33F65170BB500EA7C567EA54.xml b/data/80/4F/B7/804FB70A33F65170BB500EA7C567EA54.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8a68942e330 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/80/4F/B7/804FB70A33F65170BB500EA7C567EA54.xml @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +wilsonae +Maté & Angus, 2005 + +, stat. rest. + + + + + +Figs +4 g + +, +5 k +, +6 k, l +, +9 h, i +, +16 c, d +, +17 w +, +18 o +, +21 u – w +, + +23 g +– i + +, +24 o +, +26 d ’, e’, 33 m-p, 34 k, l + + + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +wilsonae + +Maté & Angus, 2005: 329 +. + + + + + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +♂ +, + +SP +Provincia de Burgos + +, + +Balneario +de Corconte + +, + +40.031 ° N +, +3.884 ° W + +, + +26. iv. 2001 + +. leg. R. B. +Angus +( + +NHMUK + +) + +. + +Paratypes + +: SP: Provincia de +Madrid +, Manzanares el Real, Embalse de Santillana, + +40.720 ° N +, +3.857 ° W + +, +1. iv. 2003 +, sieving detritus from edge of water, leg. R. B. +Angus +& G. I. Aradottir, +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +, 1 unsexed ( + +NHMUK + +). + + + + +Other material examined. + + +SP Provincia de +Cantabria +, Areños, + +43.112 ° N +, +4.724 ° W + +, +5. vi. 2012 +. By digging mud under dried-out pool. +1 ♂ +. Leg. R. B & E. M. +Angus +; Provincia de Burgos, S of Balneario de Corconte, strandline detritus. +1. iv. 2014 +. leg. R. B. +Angus +. +1 ♂ +( + +NHMUK + +); Provincia de Álava, Vittoria au Mt Gorbea, + +34.634 ° N +, +2.782 ° W + +, +Juin 1879 +. +1 ♀ +( + +MNHG + +); Provincia de +Madrid +, Puerto de la Morcuera, + +40.828 ° N +, +3.399 ° W + +. 15.1 +v. 1997 +. 2, unsexed ( + +NMP + +). + + +P: Monchique, Algarve, + +37.317 ° N +, +8.557 ° W + +. +6–13. v. 1910 +, leg. K. +Jordan +. +3 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +( + +NHMUK + +); Serra de Estrela, + +40.326 ° N +, +7.708 ° W + +. leg. H. Fery. +2 ♂♂ +, 1 unsexed ( + +ZSM + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +Endophallic teeth conspicuously shorter than in all other species, ca as high as long. Length of longest teeth ca 35 μm (Fig. + +23 g +– i + +, +24 o +), as against at least 40 μm in other species. + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. + +4 g + +). Length +3.3–4.8 mm +( +♂ +), +3.8–5 mm +( +♀ +), width +1.6–2.1 mm +( +♂ +), +1.7–2.2 mm +( +♀ +). Black without obvious paler edges to head, antennae, palpi, and legs black to very dark brown. Head with the frontoclypeal suture very fine, often more or less effaced, laterally almost always so, and without tubercles. Clypeus bulging upwards medially, with double punctation, this finer on disc. Epipharynx (Fig. +9 h, i +) with anterior margin of clithra strongly emarginate either side of the projecting median tylus, with a few very fine acropariae. Chaetopedia well-developed, stout, 6–8 each side. Chaetopariae shorter and thinner than chaetopedia, forming a closely-set line each side. Apophobae forming a line of very fine hairs outside the chaetopariae, prophobae lying in small inconspicuous groups near the sides of the mesoepitorma. + + +Head and pronotum (Fig. +6 k, l +): pronotum highly arched transversely and generally distinctly arched longitudinally, giving a somewhat domed appearance, the hemicylindrical appearance less usual than in other + +Liothorax +species. + +Surface of pronotum bulging outwards laterally so that the lateral margins are sometimes not visible from above in their basal 1 / 3 s. Surface with double punctation, the strength of this variable, from rather fine (Fig. +5 k +) to distinctly coarser. + +Scutellum elongate, pentagonal, glossy with a few punctures medially. + +Elytra black, interstices with very fine reticulation (Fig. +17 w +) and widely separated fine punctures, ca 8 × the width of the striae. Striae glossy, vertical-sided, with punctures separated by ca 2 × their diameter and encroaching on the vertical sides of the striae (Fig. +16 w +). Metaventrite (Fig. +21 u – w +) with central diamond-shaped area bearing sparse fine or moderate punctures and often small patches of reticulation. No obvious sexual dimorphism. Legs dark brown, longer spur of mesotibiae clearly slightly longer than basal segment of mesotarsus (Fig. +18 o +). + + +Aedeagus (Figs + +23 g +– i + +, +24 o +). Length ca +1.1 mm +, paramere length ca +0.43 mm +, basal piece length ca +0.69 mm +, length of endophallic tooth-field ca +0.37 mm +, length of longest teeth ca 35 μm. + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Aphodius wilsonae + +stat. rest. is widely distributed mainly on higher ground in the northern half of +Spain +and +Portugal +, but with some material from the Algarve (this location needs to be verified by future sampling; Fig. +29 a +). It is generally taken in the spring and early summer, either in detritus at the edges of water bodies (Fig. +27 f +), or at the roots of vegetation where pools have dried out. It is sometimes very abundant. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/88/7F/D0/887FD09C04295E11A580FB578A3EFEB5.xml b/data/88/7F/D0/887FD09C04295E11A580FB578A3EFEB5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2e3c214d5c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/88/7F/D0/887FD09C04295E11A580FB578A3EFEB5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,375 @@ + + + +Bivalves of superfamily Galeommatoidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from western South Africa, with observations on commensal relationships and habitats + + + +Author + +Valentich-Scott, Paul +0000-0003-0019-7643 +Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2259 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA + + + +Author + +Griffiths, Charles +Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa + + + +Author + +Landschoff, Jannes +0000-0001-9836-1530 +Sea Change Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa & Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X 1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa + + + +Author + +Li, Ruiqi +0000-0001-9428-6094 +Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA + + + +Author + +Li, Jingchun +Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +301 +323 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.124517 +682C6C4D-D59A-4D51-9D2B-9ABDEB841CD6 + + + + + +Brachiomya ducentiunus + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 1 A – H +, +2 A – F +, Suppl. material 2 + + + + +Type locality. + + +Miller’s Point Lagoon, in False Bay, +Western Cape Province +, +South Africa +; + +34.231 ° S +, +18.477 ° E + +; +3 m +; attached to spines, or crawling amongst spines of + +Spatagobrissus mirabilis +( +Clark, 1923 +) + +, collected by Charles Griffiths, +July 2018 +. + + + + +Type material. + + + + +Holotype + +(Fig. +1 A, B +), + +SBMNH +713162 + +, length +2.50 mm +, height +1.75 mm +, preserved in 70 % EtOH. + +13 +Paratypes + +, +SAMC-A 096817 +, same locality as holotype, largest specimen length +2.5 mm +, height +1.7 mm +, preserved in 70 % EtOH, collected by +Jannes Landschoff +and +Craig Foster +, + +9 June 2016 + +. + +7 +Paratypes + +, + +SBMNH +666970 + +, same locality and collector as +holotype +(Fig. +1 C – H +), dried specimens mounted on SEM stub; length +2.17 mm +, height +1.38 mm +; length +2.40 mm +, height +1.56 mm +; length +1.87 mm +, height +1.19 mm +; length +2.42 mm +, height +1.67 mm +. + +1 +Paratype + +, + +UCM +60476 + +; length +1.5 mm +, height 1.0 mm. + + + + + + + + +Brachiomya ducentiunus + +sp. nov. +A, B +holotype, +SBMNH +713162, length 2.50 mm, height 1.75 mm +A +exterior of right valve +B +exterior of left valve +C – H +paratypes, +SBMNH +666970, crystallization on exterior and interior of shell is from dried bleach, not a sculpture element +C +exterior of right valve, length 2.17 mm, height 1.38 mm +D +exterior of left valve, length 2.40 mm, height 1.56 mm +E +interior of left valve, length 1.87 mm, height 1.19 mm +F +interior of right valve, length 2.42 mm, height 1.67 mm +G +hinge of right valve +H +hinge of left valve. + + + + + +Description. + + +Shell extremely thin, fragile, moderately inflated, translucent; inequilateral, slightly longer anteriorly; ovate-elongate; anterior end obliquely truncate in larger specimens; posterior end broadly rounded; ventral margin straight, slightly invaginated in some; dorsal margin gently sloping from umbos; shell margins weakly gaping; prodissoconch well defined, umbonate, smooth, subcircular; prodissoconch length ~ 350 μm; external sculpture of commarginal striae, with few widely spaced radial striae, especially anteriorly; umbos low, wide; hinge plate extremely narrow, with one minute pseudocardinal in each valve; ligament internal, very short. Length up to +2.7 mm +. + + + +Mantle +. + +Large, reflected, covering ~ 95 % of outer shell surface when fully extended, but not fully covering umbos; mantle can be almost completely retracted into the shell; reflected portion with low papillae; mantle near shell margin with longer tentacles; anterior end with large cowl, serrate on end; cowl can be greatly extended (Fig. +2 E, F +; Suppl. material +2 +). + + + + + + + +Brachiomya ducentiunus + +new species +, living animals +A, B +crawling on hard substrate +C +overview of specimens crawling on the aboral surface of urchin + +Spatagobrissus mirabilis + +D +crawling on urchin spine with mantle and foot extended +E, F +extended mantle between urchin spines. + + + + +Foot +. + +Of moderate size, ~ the length of the shell when fully extended, vermiform, with slight heel. The species is an active crawler, and can also attach to the host by byssal threads. The foot has been observed to frequently wrap around the urchin spines as the bivalve crawls. + + +Ctenidia +. One demibranch on each side, comprised of ~ 30 narrowly spaced filaments in larger specimens. + + +Brooding +. Up to ten shelled juvenile specimens observed brooding in the dorsal portion of ctenidia in mature specimens. + + + + +Distribution. + + +Only known from the +type +locality in False Bay, +South Africa +, and only found attached to the echinoid + +Spatagobrissus mirabilis + +; not observed free-living. + + + + +Commensal relationship and habitat. + + +Found crawling on the oral surface of the heart urchin + +Spatagobrissus mirabilis + +. This host species was found to be living in a specialized microhabitat of coarse gravel and half-buried cobbles or boulders (at least at the +type +locality associated with kelp forests). At the +type +locality in 2018, of 10 sampled heart urchins, all had associated + +Brachiomya + +on their oral surface. Densities of + +Brachiomya + +ranged from 38 to +172 specimens +on a single host. Two other commensal species were also recorded on these same urchins, a small but very common unidentified amphipod of family +Lysianassidae +, and a large, scale worm (family +Polynoidae +), of which only a few specimens were found. The amphipod and polychaete species also both appear to be new to science. + + + + +Discovery. + + +Initially discovered via free-diving in 2016 at the +type +locality, collected by Jannes Landschoff and Craig Foster. + + + + +Etymology. + + +The name + +ducentiunus + +is from Latin, meaning “ 201. ” The species was discovered while preparing and working on the ‘ 1001 Seaforest Species’ project, a research and storytelling program aimed at increasing awareness of regional kelp bed ecosystems colloquially referred to as ‘ the Great African Seaforest’ (see +www. seachangeproject. com +). The number 201 was chosen as a unique identifier for the 1001 program, with the goal to link each hundredths species to a species described as new to science. + + + + +Comparisons. + + +The Pacific and Asian + +Brachiomya stigmatica + +, which is the only other known species in the genus, is more evenly rounded anteriorly, has a strong rust-colored stripe medially, lacks radial striae, and has more developed teeth. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/89/FA/22/89FA22F1B78356FA82264DE0E8904C5A.xml b/data/89/FA/22/89FA22F1B78356FA82264DE0E8904C5A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..de2a82c921b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/89/FA/22/89FA22F1B78356FA82264DE0E8904C5A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,394 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +bameuli + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 4 d +, + +6 g + +, + +8 g + +, +16 a, x +, +18 k, l, u 21 p – r, 23 j – l, 24 b, 25 f, 26 w, x, 33 a – d, 34 h + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +♂ +: +Corsica +, +Haute-Corse +, pelouse (lawn) grassland by the +Lac de Melo. Cow +dung. + +19. vi. 2011 + +. +R. B. and E. M. Angus. Chromosome +prep. 2, + +29. vi. 2011 + +. +R. B. Angus +( + +NHMUK + +) + +. + +Paratypes + +: +2 ♂♂ +, data as +holotype +, 1 labelled Chromosome prep. 1, +29. vi. 2011 +. R. B. Angus; +4 ♂♂ +, data as +holotype +but +24. vi. 2011 +; +14 ♀♀ +, data as +holotype +, including Chromosome preps 1–4, +28. vi. 2011 +, 6–9, +28. vi. 2011 +and 1–3, +1. vii. 2011 +, R. B. Angus; +1 ♀ +, data as +holotype +( + +NMP + +); +11 ♀♀ +, data as +holotype +but +24. vi. 2011 +; +2 ♂♂ +, +5 ♀♀ +, data as +holotype +but +30. vi and 1. vii. 2009 +, R. B. and E. M. Angus. +♂ +Chromosome preps 1 and 2, +6. vii. 2009 +, +♀ +Chromosome preps 3–5, +5. vii. 2009 +( + +NHMUK + +). +1 ♂ +data as previous ( + +NMP + +); +1 ♂ +, data as +holotype +but +24. vi. 2011 +, in F. Krell collection ( + +DMNS + +). 3 +Corsica +, Haute-Corse, pelouse (lawn) grassland by the Lac de Melo. Cow dung. +19. vi. 2011 +. R. B. and E. M. Angus (sequenced) ( + +JFMC + +); +7 ♂♂ +, 23 unsexed, “ +18. vii. 1983 +. +Corse +. Lac de Nino +1743 m +. Rinderkot. Leg. H. Fery ”. In H. Fery collection ( + +ZSM + +); 2 unsexed, “ +France Corse +Nino-See +1730 m +. +12. vii. 1987 +. Leg H. Hirschfelder. ” In H. Fery collection ( + +ZSM + +). In +CZC +and +JFMC +: +1 ♂ +1 ♀ +, 1 unsexed +France +: +Corsica +Plateau d´Alzo +1500 m + +42 ° 16 ' N +, +9 ° 04 ' E + +21 / V / 1994 +leg. C. Zorn. + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +The parallel-sided, hemicylindrical, lightly sculptured appearance (Fig. +4 d +) is distinctive. The pronotal sides bulge outwards laterally so that the lateral margins are not visible from above in basal 1 / 2 of the pronotum. The lateral margins themselves are parallel, only very slightly convergent anteriorly. The general shape of the beetles and their pronotal configuration resembles those of + +A. niger + +and + +A. muscorum + +(Fig. +4 a, b +), but these species are more heavily sculptured. + + + + +Description. + + +General appearance (Fig. +4 d +). Length: 4.0– +4.6 mm +( +♂ +), +3.9–4.8 mm +( +♀ +); width: +1.7–1.9 mm +( +♂ +), 1.6–2.0 mm ( +♀ +). Glossy black, tarsi, tibial spurs dark brown, femora and tibiae dark brown with black-bronze reflections. Head: dorsal surface domed, flatter behind frontoclypeal suture. Medial area of clypeus more demarcated as a dome than in + +A. felix + +. Frontoclypeal suture distinct, completely non-tuberculate but with distinct smooth elevated areas each side of the median straight section and a weaker elevation medially. Genae rounded, strongly protuberant laterally in front of eyes. Clypeus with rounded median emargination, angles either side of this rounded. Clypeus and genae with strong raised margin, this slightly brownish. Surface strongly and more or less evenly punctuate, the punctures separated by ca 1.5 × their diameter, and finer medially. Antennae and palpi more or less black. Epipharynx (Fig. + +8 g + +) clithra evenly excised either side of the median tylus, chaetopedia with 4–6 spines, these slightly less robust than those of + +A. felix + +and spines of chaetopariae as long as or longer than chaetopedia. Head and pronotum as in Fig. + +6 g + +. Pronotum hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely but more or less flat longitudinally, lateral margins more or less parallel, but very slightly convergent anteriorly, weakly and very evenly curved. Pronotal surface bulging outwards from the general curvature over the basal 1 / 2 of the pronotum, ca 1 / 4 of the way in from each side, so that the lateral margins are not visible from above in the basal 1 / 2 of the pronotum (Fig. + +6 g + +). Lateral margins with distinct raised border that continued very finely over the lateral ca 1 / 3 of the basal margin, at least the median 1 / 3 of which lacks any border (Fig. +16 a +). Anterior margin without any trace of a raised border. Surface with double punctation of variable strength, but in general weaker than in + +L. felix + +sp. nov. +, though the strength of the punctation of the two species overlaps. Larger punctures separated by 2–4 × their diameter, sometimes very strongly impressed and with the pronotal surface depressed immediately round their edges, but sometimes more moderate and with the pronotal surface evenly curved around them. Finer punctures dot-like, in some specimens separated from one another by ca 2 × their diameter but in other specimens much sparser, separated by 4–6 × their diameter. Pronotal surface between the punctures with a silky sheen and a very fine, generally indistinct, small, isodiametric reticulation. + +Scutellum elongate, pentagonal, ca 10 % of elytral length, glossy black with brownish lateral and apical edges, and with sparse punctures medially. + +Elytra glossy black but the interstices slightly duller than head and pronotum, appearing slightly silky and with a very fine indistinct isodiametric reticulation sometimes visible. Striae narrow (ca 1 / 5 the width of the interstices), vertical sided and with punctures separated by ca 2 × their diameter. In the +two ♂♂ +the punctures bulge into the interstices but in the +3 ♀♀ +they hardly deflect the strial margins. Lateral margins of the elytra distinct, at base strongly upcurved in front of the humeral bulges; stronger basally and at apex ca as wide as stria 2. Interstices 4 × as wide as striae, with fine sparse punctation (Fig. +16 x +), which is a bit stronger in the humeral area in front of abbreviated stria 9. + + +Legs (Fig. +18 k, l, u +) dark brown with bronze-black reflections and tarsi and tibial spurs brown, rather long and slender, basal segment of hind tarsi as long as segments 2 + 3 + 1 / 2 of segment 4. Longer spur of mid tibiae longer than basal segment of mid tarsi. + + +Metaventrite (Fig. +21 p – r +): median diamond-shaped area rather lightly punctate, without pubescence, its mid-line either almost indistinguishable or variably depressed, sometimes forming a distinct longitudinal furrow up to 1 / 3 as wide as the median point of the diamond. There is no sexual dimorphism. + + +Aedeagus (Figs +23 j – l +, +24 b +) Length ca +1.2 mm +, paramere length ca +0.45 mm +, basal piece length ca +0.76 mm +, length of endophallic tooth-field ca +0.4 mm +. Length of longest teeth on endophallus ca 44 μm. + + + + +Etymology. + + +Named after our good friend Dr Franck Bameul of Bordeaux, who accompanied RBA and EMA to the Lac de Melo on the +24. vi. 2011 +and was with us as we all endured a prolonged and spectacular thunderstorm. + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Aphodius bameuli + +sp. nov. +is endemic to +Corsica +(Fig. +29 a +) and, as far as we know, is the only + +Liothorax + +definitely associated with dung. On the Melo lawns (Fig. +27 e +) it occurred in cow pats, avoiding the more liquid regions towards the centre of the dung. It ate the dung, which filled the guts of specimens used for chromosome work. Hans Fery (pers. comm. +ix. 2015 +) told us that when he collected it by the Lac de Nino the water was very high, covering the lakeside lawns but that the cow pats protruded above the water surface and that is where the beetles were found. RBA and EMA failed to find it in the cow dung on the lawns in the valley of Pozzi (Ghisoni), further south. + +It is an elongate, parallel-sided, and lightly sculptured species. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/90/E9/1B/90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030.xml b/data/90/E9/1B/90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..801a2c7f1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/data/90/E9/1B/90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030.xml @@ -0,0 +1,363 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +isikdagensis +(Balthasar, 1952) + + + + + +Figs 3 c, d +, +6 a, b +, +16 e +, +18 s +, +24 c +, +26 c ’ + + + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Ataeniomorphus +) +isikdagensis +Balthasar, 1952: 22 + +. + + + + + + +Type material studied. + + + + +Holotype + +(labelled as +♂ +, undissected), with the locality data as given above and a label “ + +Aphodius +( +Ataeniomorphus +) +isikdagensis + +n. sp. +, +Dr V. Balthasar +”. At present + +A. isikdagensis + +is known only from the type series, the +holotype +and +seven paratypes +, one labelled as +♀ +allotype +, with the locality data +Çamlidere +, +Isik +d., Anat. 23. vi. 47. Exp. N. +Mus +. ČSR + +. + +Paratypes + +: 1 labelled as +♀ +allotype +and +6 paratypes +, noted by Balthasar as +4 ♂♂ +and +2 ♀♀ +. Thus +1 paratype +is unaccounted for. Balthasar does not appear to have dissected any of the types (though a male +paratype +had been dissected) and apparently distinguished the sexes on the degree of clypeal bulging and the degree to which the genae were angled out at their junction with the clypeus. Both these characters are clear in two of the +paratypes +(Figs +3 c, d +, +6 a, b +) the largest of the +♂♂ +and +♀♀ +, but not in two other +♀♀ +where the reduced clypeal bulging is clear, but not the outward angling of the genae. Assuming +1 ♂ +paratype +is elsewhere, the +6 paratypes +noted by Balthasar comprise +2 ♂♂ +and +4 ♀♀ +. It may be that Balthasar inadvertently switched the numbers of males and females. Balthasar gives the length range as +4.5–5.5 mm +. Our measurements are based on stacked images. + + + + +Additional material studied. + + +One male +, +Turkey +, +Artvin +Çam gec. +2000 m +, coll. Ziani, shown by its aedeagus (Fig. +24 k +) to belong to the + +A. niger + +section, may belong here. Its length is +4.64 mm +, width +1.89 mm +, so it is within the size range of + +A. isikdagensis + +, with which it also agrees in the brown, not blackish, legs, though the maxillary palpi are black. The aedeagus (Fig. +24 k +) in lateral view is shown to have the parameres only weakly downturned apically. + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +The larger of the two known Turkish species, identified as a member of the + +A. niger + +group by the large recurved endophallic teeth (Fig. +24 c +). Maxillary palpi mid-brown. Epipharynx (Fig. +8 c, d +) with apophobae arranged in narrow bands ca two bristles wide. + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +3 c, d +). Length +4.6–5.8 mm +, width +1.9–2.5 mm +. Head black, browner towards the anterior and lateral margins, no tubercle on frontoclypeal suture. Frontoclypeal suture fine and straight-transverse over middle 1 / 3, at either end of this either effaced or angled forward to reach the edge of the head at the junction of the clypeus and genae. Outer margin of genae more or continuous with that of the frons in male, distinctly angled outwards in female (Fig. +6 a, b +). Clypeus moderately bulging upwards medially in male, weakly so in the female, anterior margin broadly excised medially, the sides of this excision bluntly rounded. Punctation rather weak, sometimes stronger and tending to be rugose towards the anterior and lateral margins. Epipharynx (Fig. +8 c, d +) with the central tylus strongly projecting and the anterior margin of the clithra clearly excised either side. Central darkened sclerotised epitorma broadly triangular, the whole median darkened region appearing widest at base (Fig. +8 c +) or narrowed basally (Fig. +8 d +). Acropariae virtually absent, chaetopedia strong, six or seven each side. Surface of gymnopedia covered with small tooth-like asperities. Prophobae quite strong, clustered at the edges of the sclerotised mesoepitorma, apophobae fine, arranged in a narrow slightly irregular band ca two bristles wide, outside the chaetopariae. Antennae and palpi mid brown. Pronotum (Fig. +6 a, b +) hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, scarcely at all longitudinally. Entire lateral margins visible from above. Surface with double punctation, male +paratype +with the larger punctures separated by at least twice their diameter, sparser on disc. The female +paratype +has the punctation sparser and finer. Posterior margin completely bordered (Figs +6 a, b +, +16 e +), the border wider medially, narrowed but continuous round the posterior corners. + + +Scutellum pentagonal, elongate, glossy, sometimes with a few punctures medio-basally. Elytra black, interstices flat, 6–8 × width of the striae, with fine isodiametric reticulation and sparse fine punctures (Fig. +17 k +). + + +Metaventrite (Fig. +21 x, y +) moderately punctured, flattened over median diamond-shaped plate, sometimes with an impressed median line. Legs mid brown, basal segment of mesotarsi elongate, either clearly longer than the longer tibial spur, or ca the same length (Fig. +18 s +). + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +24 c +): total length ca +1.1 mm +, parameres length ca +0.48 mm +, basal piece length ca +0.64 mm +, length of endophallic tooth-field ca +0.70 mm +. Length of longest tooth on endophallus (measured from photograph) ca 60 μm. Parameres with darkened sclerotised strut running from near the outer margin at the base to the inner margin at apex, where the apical sensory pads run round the apex from the tip of the oblique strut to the outer edge, almost to its outer apical angle. + + + + +Remarks. + + +This species is identified as a member of the + +Aphodius niger + +group by the large, recurved teeth on its endophallus (Fig. +24 c +), and the parameres with the apical sensory pads running round the apex from the tip of the oblique strut to the outer edge. This may be the result of collapse of only weakly downturned apically parameres as a result of drying. + + +Dellacasa et al. (2001 b +) regarded this species as conspecific with + +A. rutilipennis + +, at that time known as + +A. ressli +(Petrovitz, 1962) + +. They figure the aedeagus (without the endophallus in its sac), but the parameres do not really match those of the +paratype +shown in Fig. +24 c +. +Dellacasa et al. (2007) +, in their revision of the world species of + +Liothorax + +, show the same figure of the aedeagus. + + +At present + +A. isikdagensis + +is known only from the type series, the +holotype +and +seven paratypes +, one labelled as +♀ +allotype +, with the locality data Çamlidere, Isik d., Anat. 23. vi. 47. Exp. N. Mus. ČSR (Fig. +29 b, c +). Other Turkish material (Vilayet Rize, Ovitdagi gecidi m 2600, coll. Balerio; Kizildag Gecidi +2290 m +, coll. Král; Artvin Çam gec. +2000 m +, coll. Ziani) is shown by its parameres to belong to the + +A. niger + +species complex, and this is also true of a male from central +Armenia +, Selim Pass +2350 m +, coll. Ziani. See discussion of + +L. alberti + +sp. nov. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/98/01/C7/9801C79367F45A07A4759B4C8A071C7B.xml b/data/98/01/C7/9801C79367F45A07A4759B4C8A071C7B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f5bbaf732e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/98/01/C7/9801C79367F45A07A4759B4C8A071C7B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,772 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +plagiatus plagiatus +(Linnaeus, 1767) + + + + + +Figs 2 a – c +, +5 a – d +, +7 a – f +, +13 a, b +, +17 a – c ”, 18 a, 20 a, b, 22 h – l, 25 i, j, 26 a – g, 30 a, b + + + + + +Type +material examined. + + + + +Scarabaeus plagiatus +Linnaeus, 1767 + +(image examined on +linnean-online. org / 20869 / #? s = 0 & cv = 0 +). Designated +lectotype +by +Krell (1995) +( + +LSCL + +). + + + +Aphodius hungaricus +Endrődi, 1955 + +. +Type +series examined ( +MNSB +). + + + +Aphodius jakutorum + +Balthasar, 1938. +Holotype +♂ +( + +NMP + +). + + + + + + +Additional material examined. + + +SP: Aiguamolls de l’Empordà, Urbanización Ampuriabrava, + +42.225 ° N +, +3.089 ° E + +. spec 5445, +1 ♀ +( + +MNCN + +). + + +GB: +Norfolk +, Hunstanton, + +52.9638 ° N +, +0.5168 ° W + +. At edge of lake after flood. +27. x. 2001 +, R. B. +Angus +. +6 ♂♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +, 5 unsexed ( + +NHMUK + +). +Dorset +, Studland Heath, + +50.455 ° N +, +1.954 ° E + +. Buried in sand by damp path. +17. v. 2002 +, C. J. Wilson & R. B. +Angus +. +3 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +( + +NHMUK + +). + + +LI: +Litauen +, Nowe Święciany, +4–20.6. 1916 +, leg. P. Salchert, 1 unsexed; Livind, Smolwy, Sudl, Dünaburg, +16. 6. 1916 +, leg. Selchert, 1 unsexed ( + +ABC + +). + + +HU: +Hungria +, + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +plagiatus var immaculatus + +, 201539 ( + +MNCN + +). + + +CZ: Dobré Pole, + +48.824 ° N +, +16.533 ° E + +, +30. iv. 2011 +, Martinů Ivo. +1 ♂ +, DNA (1) (62) JFM, 4 unsexed ( + +NHMUK + +); + + +SK: E of Chlaba, +11. vi. 2014 +, sandy place S of railway, + +47.823 ° N +, +18.846 ° E + +, +107 m +a. s. l., at light, D. Král lg. +1 ♂ +( + +JFMC + +). + + +RU: Pavlovsk Park, +St Petersburg +, + +59.694 ° N +, +30.476 ° E + +, at edge of snowmelt pool. +v. 1982 +, R. B. +Angus +. +1 ♂ +( + +NHMUK + +); +Yaroslavl +, Berditsino, + +57.454 ° N +, +40.1108 ° E + +. leg. Yakovlev. +1 ♂ +( + +ZIN + +); +Novosibirsk +oblast’, Sorochicko env. + +116 m +. + + +53.285 ° N +, +77.887 ° E + +. Waterside litter. +9. v. 2012 +. D. J. Mann & J. Cooter. +1 ♂ +, +2 ♀♀ +( + +OUM + +); Tuapse, Chernomorsk oblast’, + +44.098 ° N +, +39.090 ° E + +. 1, unsexed ( + +ZIN + +); Minusinsk distr. Shushenskoe, + +53.324 ° N +, +91.946 ° E + +. 1, unsexed ( + +ZIN + +); Chuyskaya steppe, Kosh Agach, + +49.991 ° N +, +88.657 ° E + +. +1 ♀ +( + +ZIN + +); Bunbui, Kansk neighbourhood, Yenisei government, + +56.382 ° N +, +99.025 ° E + +, 1 unsexed, black ( + +ZIN + +); Transbaikal, Berezovka near Ulan Ude, + +51.9320 ° N +, +107.2400 ° E + +. 1, unsexed ( + +JFMC + +). + + +TR: Bozkale near +Kars +, + +40.587 ° N +, +42.980 ° E + +( + +ZIN + +). + + +IN: Shiraz, Lake Maharlou, + +29.450 ° N +, +52.759 ° E + +, +1 ♀ +( +MNHP +). + + +KZ: Yanvartsevo, right bank of the Ural River, + +51.424 ° N +, +52.239 ° E + +, leg. + + +L. + + +Arnoldi, 1 unsexed, black ( + +ZIN + +); Koksengir S of Zhana-arka, Karaganda. + +49.44 ° N +, +79.44 ° E + +. leg. Logonova, +22. v. 1958 +. +1 ♀ +( + +ZIN + +) + + +MG: 40 KM Bayanbulag + +45.083 ° N +, +98.583 ° E + +. +16. vii. 2005 +, leg. A, Mikyška. +1 ♂ +, elytra with red flashes ( + +NMP + +); +Mongolia +west, 50 KM SW Uliastay. 16. vii, 2005, leg. + + +A. + + +Mikyška, +1 ♂ +, elytra with red flashes ( + +NMP + +); Right bank of R. Kerulen (Herlen) near the Prikhity mountains. 1 unsexed, black ( + +ZIN + +) + + +CH +: “ Pekin ”, Fry coll. +2 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +( + +NHMUK + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + + +Aphodius plagiatus + +is recognisable by the basal segment of the mesotarsi being shorter than the longer mesotibial spur, and the heavily punctured metaventrite, especially in males. The aedeagus is distinctive, with the parameres not decurved apically and the endophallus lacking recurved teeth. + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +2 a – c +). Length: +3.6–4.9 mm +( +♂ +), 4.0– +4.8 mm +( +♀ +); width: 1.6–2.0 mm ( +♂ +), 1.8–2.0 mm ( +♀ +). Black, head, pronotum, and scutellum glossy (pronotum sometimes less so) (Fig. +5 a – d +), elytra black, sometimes with a dull red streak over the middle part (Fig. +2 b +), interstices with very fine reticulation often giving a silky grey sheen. + + +Head glossy black with a diffuse dull brown area along the outer margins of the clypeus and genae, Frons with moderately strong punctation, the punctures separated by ca 1.5 × their diameters, and with some sparse very fine punctures between them. Frontoclypeal suture often very fine, straight over median 2 / 3, then angled obliquely forward at each side, reaching the margin at the front of the genae. Occasionally the suture is more distinct. Clypeus bulging upwards medially, this bulge with fine sparse punctation which becomes coarser and rather rugose anterolaterally. Most European material has this rugose area fairly extensive and well-developed, but a male from +St Petersburg +( +Russia +) has the rugosity weaker and less extensive, and in material from the Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai and Gansu) the rugosity is further reduced (Fig. +5 a – d +). The genae protrude laterally at an angle of ca 45 ˚ in front of eyes, then curve inwards to meet the frontoclypeal suture ca 1.5 × eye-diameter in front of eyes. Clypeal margin obtusely angled outward from this point, then curved inwards to the median excision. Genae laterally with a narrow raised margin, this continued across the clypeus, becoming weaker medially. Antennae and maxillary palpi black to blackish brown. Epipharynx (Fig. +7 a – f +) with the clithra generally only weakly sinuate either side of the tylus, but more strongly so in one Chinese specimen (Fig. +7 f +). Chaetopedia 2–6. + + +Pronotum glossy black, hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, weakly so longitudinally. Lateral area of surface bulging outwards, almost obscuring the lateral margins (viewed from above) in basal 1 / 2. Surface with double punctation, the larger punctures heavy, twice the diameter of those on the head, separated from one another by 1–4 × their diameter, and with very fine dot-like punctures scattered among them. The larger punctures are very sparse on the disc, denser laterally. Basal margin of pronotum varying from being entirely bordered to having the middle 1 / 2 unbordered (Fig. +13 a, b +). + +Scutellum pentagonal, elongate, the sides more or less parallel in basal 1 / 2, then convergent apically to rounded apex. Surface glossy black with a few very fine punctures medially + +Elytra black, sometimes with an oblique reddish streak over their middle parts. Interstices generally with a greyish silky sheen, contrasting with the glossy striae, but sometimes glossy black, as in the +type +material of + +L. hungaricus +(Endrődi, 1995) (MNSB) + +, the +St Petersburg +specimen already mentioned, and in material from the Tibetan Plateau. The interstices have a fine isodiametric reticulation, easily seen in most European and Mongolian material, but less so in the +St Petersburg +specimen, and almost invisible in the Tibetan material where the elytra appear very highly polished. Nevertheless, if the elytra are viewed with strong light and at high magnification the reticulation is always present (Fig. +17 a – c +). Scanning electron microscopy (Fig. +17 a +”, c ”) confirms that this reticulation is on the elytral surface rather than being buried under the epicuticle. In most specimens the fine punctures of the interstices are very faint, though with some variation, but in the Tibetan material they are considerably stronger (Fig. +17 a, a +’, a ”, c, c’, c ”). Interstices flat, ca 8–10 × wider than the striae. Striae narrow, vertical-sided, their bottoms glossy. Strial punctures in single rows, small, separated by ca 5 × their diameter, and scarcely indenting the strial margins. Lateral margins of elytra gently rounded and slightly divergent over their basal 1 / 2, then tapered to the bluntly rounded apex. + + +Metaventrite median diamond-shaped plate in males flat and heavily punctate, the punctures bearing distinct yellowish setae (Fig. +20 a +) which may be lost, especially if an attempt is made to clean dead specimens. In females the median plate is less flat, generally depressed medially and the punctation is finer, ca 2 / 3 the strength of that in males, and the setae are more frequently lost, even in living material (Fig. +20 b +). + + +Legs dark brown to black, tarsi dark brown, and tibial spurs a slightly paler brown. Basal segment of mid tarsi clearly shorter than the longer tibial spur (Fig. +18 a +). + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +22 a – c, h – k +) ca +1.1 mm +long in + +A. p. +plagiatus + +, +1.25–1.4 mm +in +A. p. sinoplagiatus +ssp. nov., the parameres widened apically and the endophallus bearing fields of small scales but no hairs or bristles. The expanded apical area of the parameres is more abruptly widened in Chinese material, giving a square-ended appearance (Fig. +22 i, j, k +), than in European where it is more oblique (Fig. +22 h +) and the +holotype +of + +A. jakutorum +(Balthasar, 1938) + +(Fig. +22 l +) appears to match European material in this character. However, some caution is needed as this part of the parameres tends to shrivel when dried and exposed and often does not fully expand when wetted out. Note that the aedeagus of the +Peking +specimens shown in Fig. +22 i +is ca +1.1 mm +long, matching + +A. p. +plagiatus + +rather than +A. p. sinoplagiatus +ssp. nov. + + +Spermatheca (Fig. +26 a – g +) ca +0.36 mm +long in + +A. p. +plagiatus + +, but clearly longer in +A. p. sinoplagiatus +ssp. nov., length ca +0.42 mm +. + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Aphodius plagiatus + +is the most widely distributed of all the Palaearctic + +Liothorax + +, with its range extending from +England +in the west to east Siberia (Yakutia) and +China +( +Qinghai +, +Gansu +, and the +Beijing +area) in the east (Fig. +29 b, c +). The southern limits of its range are unclear. There are no confirmed records from the Iberian Peninsula and the Catalogue of Palaearctic +Coleoptera +gives no records from +Italy +. Records from the Balkans require confirmation because of confusion with + +A. rutilipennis + +. All material from +Syria +examined in this study has been determined to be + +L. discoides + +and not + +L. plagiatus + +as reported by +Baraud (1992) +. The only (doubtful) record of + +L. plagiatus + +from the Middle East is a female from +Iran +(Shiraz) found in the collections of the Paris Museum by one of the authors ( +JFM +) which was collected during the 1965 Mission Franco-Iranienne and was identified by Baraud as + +L. niger + +. This specimen was not mentioned by him in his Coléoptères Scarabaeoidea d´Europe (1992) nor, to our knowledge, by any other author, and, apart from + +A. kraatzi + +from Ashooradeh Island is the only specimen of + +Liothorax + +known for +Iran +. This specimen was examined in 2004 and tentatively identified as a form of + +wilsonae + +or + +plagiatus + +based on a strongly punctured metaventrite, shortened tarsi, and a surface finish notably different from + +niger + +, but due to its divergent morphology was not included in the +type +series. In light of the work done since, we suspect that it is a member of the + +plagiatus + +group, but requiring additional material, in particular males. As such this record has been labelled on the distribution maps (Fig. +29 c +) with a black question mark and a black square. + + +One of the peculiarities of + +A. plagiatus + +is the existence of two distinct colour forms, one plain black and the other, exemplified by the +lectotype +presumably from +Sweden +, with a red longitudinal-oblique flash over the central area of each elytron. One of us ( +RBA +) has noted the red-streaked form in +England +, +Ukraine +( +Kiev +and +Odessa +), and +Mongolia +. The red form appears to be absent from the +Czech Republic +and +Hungary +as well as from +Russia +. As far as is known, this red-streaked form does not occur in + +A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus + +. + + + +Aphodius plagiatus + +is normally found at the roots of vegetation in damp places and is often found washed up among strandline detritus at the edge of pools (Fig. +28 a, c +). It is generally associated with salinity, as in the +Qinghai +pool shown in Fig. +28 c +, but there did not appear to be any trace of salinity in Pavlovsk Park near +St Petersburg +where RBA collected +one specimen +at the edge of a snowmelt pool in +April 1982 +(Fig. +28 a +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/A3/AA/B4/A3AAB4F7DFCF5000804CA4F8B4FB44E5.xml b/data/A3/AA/B4/A3AAB4F7DFCF5000804CA4F8B4FB44E5.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..77650a53426 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/A3/AA/B4/A3AAB4F7DFCF5000804CA4F8B4FB44E5.xml @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +plagiatus sinoplagiatus + +subsp. nov. + + + + +Figs 22 j, k +, +26 f, g +, +30 c + + + + +Type material examined. + + + +Holotype + +♀ +Amdo / 1884 / Przevalsky (printed label), Zaidam / Burch Budde / 1-11 - 000 // + +Aphodius + +/ + +plagiatus + +/ var. (handwritten) ( + +ZIN + +). + +Paratypes + +: +1 ♂ +, data as +holotype +(originally on the same pin) ( + +ZIN + +); +1 ♂ +China +Qinghai +/ N. +Qinghai +Hu / Gangca. Roadside / pool Printed label and a further label with the same data in Chinese. + +37 ° 18 ' N +, +100 ° 11 ' E + +/ +3370 m +. +5. vi. 2013 +, / R. B. Angus, F. +L. +Jia & Y. Zhang. // + +A. plagiatus + +( +L. +) / Chromosome prep. / +6. vi 2013 +. / R. B. Angus // JFM 130815017 (printed labels) ( + +NHMUK + +); +1 ♀ +Cina-Gansu / Dingxi / 7.8 – 12.8 1996 / E. Kučera leg. // Ex coll. David Král / ( + +NMP + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + + +Aphodius +( +L. +) +plagiatus sinoplagiatus + +differs from +A. +( +L. +) + +p. +plagiatus + +by its very glossy varnished appearance, the slightly larger aedeagus (length ca +1.25–1.4 mm +) with abruptly widened paramere apices (Fig. +22 j, k +), and above all by the strikingly larger spermatheca, length ca +0.42 mm +(Fig. +26 f, g +), as against ca +0.36 mm +in +A. +( +L. +) + +p. +plagiatus + +(Fig. +26 a – e +). + + + + +Description. + + +Length: +4.1–4.4 mm +( +♂ +), +4.1–4.6 mm +( +♀ +), width 1.8–2.0 mm ( +♂ +), 1.8–2.0 mm. Head: glossy black, sparsely double punctate, clypeus bulging upwards, frontoclypeal suture without tubercles, straight over middle ¾, effaced laterally. Outer angles of anterior emargination rounded. + + +Pronotum: highly arched transversely, lateral margins not visible from above medially. Surface sparsely double punctate, the larger punctures slightly stronger than on head, the +Gansu +male more heavily punctate. Basal margin largely unbordered, the raised margin extending ca ¼ of the way in from the hind angles. + + +Elytra black, highly polished (varnished), as scutellum. Metaventrite ( +♂ +and +♀ +) as in the nominal subspecies. Legs mid- to dark brown, longer mesotibial spur longer than basal segment of mesotarsus. + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +22 j, k +) length +1.25–1.4 mm +, outer apical membranous part abruptly widened. + + +Spermatheca (Fig. +26 f, g +) length ca +0.42 mm +. + + + + +Etymology. + + + + +sinoplagiatus + + +is an adjective indicating its Chinese distribution. + + + + +Remark. + + +The aedeagus of +2 ♂♂ +from near +Beijing +(Fig. +22 i +) resembles that of + + +L. +p. +sinoplagiatus + + +in its widened paramere apices, but is smaller, length ca +1.1 mm +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/AF/8B/C1/AF8BC118B8C0561788F1062974FE8977.xml b/data/AF/8B/C1/AF8BC118B8C0561788F1062974FE8977.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4991a8494a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/AF/8B/C1/AF8BC118B8C0561788F1062974FE8977.xml @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +niger +Illiger, 1798 + + + + + +Figs 4 a +, +6 e +, +9 a – c +, +15 a, b +, +17 l, m +, +18 i +, +19 a +, +21 a – c +, +23 a – f +, +24 a +, +25 a +, + +26 t + +, +31 a, b, d, e +, +34 a – d + + + + + + + +Aphodius niger +Illiger, 1798: 24 + +. Conserved as valid name: International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature Opinion 2009 (2005: 45). + + + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Lectotype + +, unsexed, “ Suec ”, designated by +Krell et al. (2003) +( + +ZMB + +). + + + + + +Additional material examined. + + +SV: +Sodermanland +, Holo, Tulgarn, Nasuden. + +58.95 ° N +, +17.62 ° E + +. Trampled bare organic mud. +15. v. 2011 +. Hans-Erik & Livia Wanntorp. +4 ♂♂ +, chromosome preps 2: +24. v. 2001 +, 1: +25. v. 2011 +, 2: +25. v. 2011 +, 1: +31. v. 2011 +, R. B. +Angus +; +7 ♀♀ +, chromosome preps 3: +24. v. 2011 +, 4: +24. v. 2011 +, 9: +25. v. 2011 +, 2: +31. v. 2011 +, 3: +31. v. 2011 +, 4: +31. v. 2015 +, 5: +31. v. 2011 +, R. B. +Angus +( + +NHMUK + +); +1 ♂ +same data, chromosome prep. 2: +24. v. 2011 +( + +NMP + +). + + +GB: +Hampshire +, New Forest. Long Slade Bottom. + +50.801 ° N +, +1.619 ° W + +. Temporary pool after heavy rain. +30. v. 2002 +, R. B. +Angus +. +4 ♂♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +, 5 unsexed. Chromosome preps 1–3: 31. v., 2: 1. vi, 4: +1. vi. 2011 +, R. B. +Angus +( + +NHMUK + +); +1 ♂ +, same data. ( + +NMP + +); New Forest, White Moor Pond. + +50.820 ° N +, +1.607 ° W + +. +2. x. 2015 +, +2. v. 2016 +, R. B. +Angus +. +8 ♂♂ +, +7 ♀♀ +, 3 unsexed. Chromosome preps: 3: +x. 2015 +, 5: +v. 2016 +. New Forest, Balmer Lawn. + +50.828 ° N +, +1.567 ° W + +. At edges of pond and ditch. +V. 2002 +. R. B. +Angus +( + +NHMUK + +). Inkpen Common, Berkshire + +51.375 ° N +, +1.453 ° W + +(fide +Mann and Garvey (2014) +, not examined) 1 unsexed ( + +OUM + +). + + +RU: +Yaroslavl +oblast’, Berditsino, +57.454 ° N +, +40.1108 ° E +. leg. Yakovlev. +1 ♂ +( + +NMW + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + + +Aphodius niger + +is immediately distinguished from all other + +Liothorax +species + +(and all +Aphodiinae +whose chromosomes are known) by its long, almost entirely euchromatic, Y chromosome (Fig. +31 a, b, d, e +). The basal segment of the mesotarsus is always clearly longer than the longer mesotibial spur (Fig. +18 i +). Elytra glossy black, though interstices have fine reticulation. Central part of metaventrite without reticulation (Fig. +21 a – d +). Endophallic teeth clearly longer than high. Length of longest endophallic teeth at least 40 μm. + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +4 a +). Length +4.2–4.5 mm +( +♂ +), +4.1–5 mm +( +♀ +), width +1.8–2 mm +( +♂ +), +1.8–2.2 mm +( +♀ +) (Swedish material), +4.4–4.8 mm +( +♂ +), +4.4–5.1 mm +( +♀ +), width 2.0– +2.2 mm +( +♂ +and +♀ +) (English Material). + + +Head black, without obvious brownish margin. Anterior margin of clypeus excised over middle 1 / 3, the lateral edges of this excision bluntly rounded. Frontoclypeal suture very fine, without any trace of a tubercle, straight-transverse over middle 1 / 2, angled forward to run to the clypeo-genal junction laterally. The lateral parts of the suture may be almost completely effaced. Clypeus raised in a rounded bulge medially. Surface moderately strongly punctate with double punctation. Larger punctures separated by ca their own diameter over most of the head, but sparser on clypeal bulge. Antennae and palpi blackish brown. Epipharynx (Fig. +9 a – c +) with the anterior margin of the clithra strongly excised either side of the median tylus and with a few fine acropariae. Chaetopedia stout, 3–6 each side. Chaetopariae ca as stout as chaetopedia, forming a close-set line each side. Apophobae very fine, arranged in a line outside that of the chaetopariae; prophobae vine, quite long, arranged against the sides of the mesoepitorma. Pronotum (Fig. +6 e +) hemicylindrical, black, highly arched transversely, weakly so longitudinally, lateral parts of surface bulging outwards so that the lateral margins are often not visible from above in their basal 1 / 3. Surface glossy black, with double punctation, the larger punctures separated by 1–2 × their diameter, sparser medially and sometimes petering out in anterior 1 / 8 where only the fine punctures are present. Scutellum elongate, pentagonal, glossy black with a few sparse punctures. Elytra black, interstices flat, 6–8 × the width of the striae, finely reticulate and with sparse fine punctures (Fig. +17 l, m +), the reticulation stronger towards the apex (Fig. +19 a +). Striae glossy, without reticulation, with a single row of punctures separated by ca 2 × their diameter and excising the strial margins. Metaventrite moderately punctate, the median plate not reticulate, sometimes distinctly concave in males Fig. +21 a +but sometimes almost flat with a median impressed line, as in females (Fig. +21 b, c +). Legs blackish brown, mesotarsi always with basal segment longer than longer mesotibial spur (Fig. +18 i +). + + +Aedeagus (Figs +23 a – f +, +24 a +) length ca +1.2 mm +, paramere length ca +0.48 mm +, basal piece length ca +0.69 mm +, tooth-field length ca +0.67 mm +(measurements from the cleared preparation; Fig. +24 a +). Length of longest teeth on endophallus 54–65 μm. Parameres with the sclerotised strut running from the base just mediad of the outer lateral margin to the inner apical angle. Apical soft pad of parameres rounded apically, not widened. + + + + +Remarks. + + +Chromosomally verified material is from the New Forest, +England +and Södermannland, +Sweden +. Material from Berditsino, +Russia +( + +NMW + +) is taken to belong to this species. In the New Forest + +A. niger + +is typically taken at the edges of pools and ditches in April-May, but when large numbers are taken it is almost always due to inwash from the surrounding grassland after heavy rain (Fig. +27 a +). In Britain, outside of the New Forest, + +A. niger + +has recently been found at Inkpen Common near Hungerford in Berkshire ( +Mann and Garvey 2014 +). In the Swedish locality the beetles were burrowing in trampled organic mud (H. - E. Wanntorp, pers. comm., +April 2011 +) (Fig. +27 c +). Very occasionally + +A. niger + +is taken in dung, as by J. Bergsten in the New Forest in 1999, and sometimes in dry areas of the Swedish island of Öland (H. Lundqvist, pers. comm., +April 2011 +). These are rare, random occurrences and may sometimes result from the beetle taking shelter from drought. One further feature of the occurrence of + +A. niger + +is worthy of comment – it shows dramatic fluctuations in abundance. Thus, in 2002 it was very abundant in its New Forest localities whereas more recently RBA has taken it only in low numbers. Similarly, H. - E. Wanntorp describes the species as being in very high numbers in the locality where he usually only took a few specimens (Fig. +29 a +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/B1/B5/BB/B1B5BBB23CEA5A6DA84DB2710D8655A0.xml b/data/B1/B5/BB/B1B5BBB23CEA5A6DA84DB2710D8655A0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..99f2a7ef2c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/B1/B5/BB/B1B5BBB23CEA5A6DA84DB2710D8655A0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,380 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +rodrigoi + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 2 d +, + +7 g + +, +11 f +, +20 j +, + +22 m +, m ’, m ”, 25 k + + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +♂ +: +Spain +: +Madrid +Aranjuez F. Morüder +// + +Aphodius plagiatus + +det +C. M. Veiga +1990 ( + +MNCN + +) + +. + +Paratypes + +: 4 ex +♀ +Aranjuez F. Morüder // DA +251 F. +J. Cabrero // DG +251 F. +J. Cabrero // AP Bucal +206 F. +J. Cabrero // + +Aphodius plagiatus + +det C. M. Veiga 1990; 1 ex; +♂ +Quero Prov Toledo Lauffer // DG +178 F. +J. Cabrero // DA +249 F. +J. Cabrero // + +Aphodius plagiatus + +det C. M. Veiga 1990; 1 ex; +♀ +Quero +v. 1908 +Molina // AP Bucal +56 F. +J. Cabrero // DG +174 F. +J. Cabrero // + +Aphodius plagiatus + +det C. M. Veiga 1990; 1 ex; +♂ +Villacañas ( +TOLEDO +) C. Bolívar // Hoyer C. M. Veiga // AP Bucal +205 F. +J. Cabrero // DA +250 F. +J. Cabrero // + +Aphodius plagiatus + +det C. M. Veiga 1990 +1 ex. +( + +MNCN + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + + +Aphodius +( +L. +) +rodrigoi + +resembles a small highly-polished somewhat rounded + +A. +( +L. +) +plagiatus + +. The metaventrite is slightly less strongly punctate and with the median diamond-shaped area depressed to mid-line. Aedeagus: (Fig. + +22 m +, m + +’, m ”) general size and shape of parameres similar to + +A. plagiatus + +, not turned downwards apically, but with the following differences: apices of parameres less produced laterally, parameres narrower and more converging towards apex, in lateral view parameres gradually curved towards apex and narrowest towards apex compared to + +L. plagiatus + +which is narrowest 1 / 3 +rd +towards apex. + + +The apical segment of the maxillary palpi is slightly longer (10 %) than the 2 +nd +segment: terminal segment slightly longer (10 %) than 2 +nd +segment (Fig. +11 f +), as against 15–20 % longer in + +A. plagiatus + +(Fig. +11 d, e +). + + + + +Description. + + +General appearance (Fig. +2 d +). Length: 3.5–4.0 mm ( +♂ +) (HT +3.75 mm +), 4.0– +4.23 mm +( +♀ +); width: +1.4–1.6 mm +( +♂ +and +♀ +). + +Glossy black throughout except clypeal and elytral apical edges which are fuscous red. Legs and maxillary palps reddish yellow to maroon, antennae tan except for last three segments which are darker and clothed in off-white setae. +Head: frons strongly convex, clypeus flat to slightly concave. Frontoclypeal suture weak, widely interrupted in the middle. Clypeal edge truncated to slightly emarginate, impressed medially; side angles rounded with edge widely elevated. Sides of head almost straight and continuously merging with genae. Genae produced beyond eyes, rounded, strongly bordered and with some short yellowish setae. +Surface shiny with residual reticulation and strongly punctured. Punctation double, the larger punctures regularly dispersed on the clypeal sides and frons, absent from genae and anterior clypeus. Larger punctures 2–3 × diameter of the smaller ones and strongly impressed, particularly on the sides where the surface almost appears wrinkled and closely spaced (1–1.5 × their diameter). Anterior edge of clypeus very finely and regularly punctured, completely devoid of larger punctures. + +Maxillary palp: terminal segment slightly longer (10 %) than 2 +nd +segment (Fig. +11 f +) (in + +A. plagiatus + +the terminal segment is longer, 15–20 % longer than the 2 +nd +segment) (Fig. +11 d, e +). Galeal patch armed with five or six strong galeal chaetae ( +7–9 in + +A. plagiatus + +). Galea smaller, similar in dimensions to the Tibetan ssp. of + +A. plagiatus + +but not to European populations in which it is larger. + + +Epipharynx (Fig. + +7 g + +) corypha small and only slightly produced (somewhat similar to the Tibetan populations of + +A. plagiatus + +), with the chaetae (celtes) much reduced in size. Fenestrae on zygum (angustofenestrae) and chaetae (heli) less numerous than in + +A. plagiatus + +and limited to the edge against pedia. Chaetopaedia as in + +A. plagiatus + +. Chaetopariae noticeably stronger than in + +A. plagiatus + +. + +Pronotum subquadrate, sides slightly rounded, subparallel, and widest towards base. Regularly convex longitudinally and transversely. Base completely and distinctly bordered, border strong but fine. Anterior edge not bordered at all. Lateral margins visible dorsally in the apical 1 / 3 only. Sides strongly bordered throughout, anteriorly going around corner up to the middle of the eye. Lateral margins with short yellowish hairs barely visible dorsally in apical 1 / 2. +Surface of pronotum black and shiny, not at all alutaceous with only some residual superficial shagreen. Punctation double, larger punctures regularly distributed throughout but densest on the sides and anterolateral corners. Large punctures flat bottomed and umbilicated. Diameter 4–5 × that of the smaller ones and spaced 1–3 × their diameter. +Scutellum elongate, sides rounded, convergent throughout (only slightly pentagonal), length 1 / 11 elytral length. Glossy black, unpunctured, basally impressed, disk convex. +Elytra black, intervals convex, surface strongly glossy and slightly alutaceous under high magnification. Intervals with double row of very fine and faint punctures. Striae fine, 1 / 8 × width of intervals, with sides crisp and right-angled. Regularly punctured, punctures wider than the striae and separated by 2 × diameter (first 2 striae) or 3–4 × (remainder). Elytral epipleura strong, gradually convergent towards apex, and at humeri forming a small but distinct tooth. +Underside black with yellowish pubescence on the abdomen. + +Metaventrite (Fig. +20 j +): median diamond-shaped area rather strongly punctate, glabrous, its mid-line distinctly impressed. Surface regularly heavily punctate, the punctures with one end somewhat pointed, shiny, and not alutaceous. Sexual dimorphism subtle, female flatter than male. + +Legs reddish to dark brown, tarsi and tibial spurs red to tan, rather long and slender. Protarsal spur regularly acuminate and curved in both sexes, reaching to apex of second tarsal segment. Metatarsal segments short. Basotarsomere slightly shorter than upper metatibial spine as long as segments 2 + 3. Fimbrial setae short and of unequal length. Longer spur of mid tibiae as long as first two tarsal segments. + +Aedeagus: (Fig. + +22 m +, m + +’, m ”) general size and shape of parameres similar to + +A. plagiatus + +, not turned downwards apically, but with the following differences: apices of parameres less produced laterally, parameres narrower and more convergent towards apex, in lateral view parameres gradually curved towards apex and narrowest nearer apex (ca ¼ of the paramere length as against ca 1 / +3 in + +L. plagiatus + +). + + +Endophallus typical of other members of the + +A. plagiatus + +species group, with two patches of elongate triangular scales or bristles. Those in basal patch longer and more elongate than any member of the + +plagiatus + +group (19–26 µm in + +A. rodrigoi + +vs 14 – 21 µm), similar to those of + +A. wilsonae + +(22–32 µm), those in the apical patch like + +A. plagiatus + +. + + + + +Etymology. + +The name is derived from the surname of the name Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre, a Spanish composer whose most famous work, “ Concierto de Aranjuez ”, refers to the geographical area from which the species hails. + + + +Remarks. + + +All the known specimens are from the south of +Madrid +(Aranjuez) and the adjacent areas of Toledo (Fig. +29 b +) The localities are associated with temporary endorheic saline lagoons and lakes (Fig. +28 b +) One of the authors ( +JFM +) made repeated visits to several of the localities during late winter over several years (January and April of 2015–2017), but no specimens were found. Although it is possible that the species was missed due to its ecology or time of emergence, it is also possible that the species is very rare or has been extirpated from much of its former distribution. The known localities are part of an extensive system of aquifer-fed saline lagoons encompassing much of La Mancha and collectively known as “ La Mancha Húmeda ” (Wet La Mancha). Many of these lagoons are degraded or lost to agriculture but almost 1 / 2, including several visited for this study, are protected and in apparently good ecological condition ( +Florín-Beltrán 2001 +). Hence, it would be hasty to declare this interesting Iberian endemic extinct without carrying out extensive sampling across the area and in particular within the protected lagoons which might still host it. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C8/50/01/C85001FB61315D4FBAF4B413BEB88D37.xml b/data/C8/50/01/C85001FB61315D4FBAF4B413BEB88D37.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1913738708b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/C8/50/01/C85001FB61315D4FBAF4B413BEB88D37.xml @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +bellumgerens + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 4 f +, +6 j +, +9 f, g +, +16 d +, +17 u +, +18 r +, +21 l, m, p – t +, + +24 m +, n + +, +25 e +, +26 z +, +32 f – i + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +♂ +: +Sicily +. +Parco delle Madonie. Piano Battaglia. At +edges of pool. + +1. v. 2013 + +. R. B. & E. M. +Angus +. +Chromosome +prep. 7: + +8. v. 2013 + +( + +NHMUK + +). +Length +3.9 mm +, width +1.8 mm + +. + +Paratypes + +: +7 ♂♂ +, +8 ♀♀ +, same data as +holotype +. Chromosome preparations 1–8, +7. v. 2012 +, 1–6 and 8, +8. v. 2012 +( + +NHMUK + +). +7 ♂♂ +, +5 ♀♀ +, same data as +holotype +but +23. iv. 2018 +( + +NHMUK + +), +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +, same data ( + +NMP + +); +12 ♂♂ +, +6 ♀♀ +, +Sicily +, Nebrodi, Monte Soro, +1600 m +a. s. l. +25. iv. 2018 +. R. B. & E. M. +Angus +. Chromosome preparations 1–4, +27. iv. 2018 +, 1–5, +1. v. 2018 +, 1–5, +2. v. 2018 +, 1–4, +10. v. 2015 +( + +NHMUK + +). +1 ♂ +, +Sicily +, Nebrodi, leg F. Krell ( + +DMNS + +). 3, data as +holotype +(sequenced) ( + +JFMC + +); 1 +SICILY +, Nebrodi, Monte Soro, +1600 m +a. s. l. +25. iv. 2018 +. R. B. & E. M. +Angus +. Chromosome preparation 4, +27. iv. 2018 +(Sequenced) ( + +JFMC + +). + + +3 ♂♂ +, +4 ♀♀ +, 37 unsexed: +ITALY +, +Sicily +, Monte Soro, Tumpelufer, welkes Laub. +1800 m +NN +30. 5. 1993 +leg. U Schaffrath ( + +ABC + +& + +JFMC + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +Most similar to + +A. felix + +, from which it is shown to be different because of its clearly larger X chromosome (Fig. +32 f – i, a – e +). The slightly smaller aedeagus, with the endophallic tooth-field clearly shorter than the parameres (Figs +23 p – t +, + +24 m +, n + +) is also distinctive. + + + + +Description. + + +General appearance (Fig. +4 f +). Length: +3.6–4.4 mm +( +♂ +), 4.0– +4.8 mm +( +♀ +), width: +1.65–1.95 mm +( +♂ +), 1.7–2.0 mm ( +♀ +). Glossy black, apical segments plus claws of tarsi dark brown. + + +Head with no trace of reticulation but with sparse double punctures, the punctures separated by ca 2 × the diameter of the larger punctures. Frontoclypeal suture indistinct but present, without tubercles but slightly raised at ends of median section, before turning to run to the anterior margins of the genae. Anterior margin of clypeus emarginated medially, rounded at sides of the emargination. Antennae and palpi black. Epipharynx (Fig. +9 f, g +) with anterior margin of clithra emarginate each side of projecting median tylus, with a few fine acropariae. Chaetopedia 4 or 5 each side, stout. Chaetopariae forming a single line each side, closely set, stout. Apophobae forming a narrow band of fine setae outside the chaetopariae, prophobae in a narrow field each side of the mesoepitorma. Head and pronotum (Fig. +6 j +): pronotum: surface either smooth and glossy as head or slightly dull, with double punctation, size of the large punctures stronger than on head, but variable, these punctures separated by ca 2 × their diameter. Small punctures tiny dots. Mid-line impunctate or with very fine punctures. Pronotum more or less hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, in mid-line weakly arched longitudinally. Sides of pronotum bulging outwards in basal 1 / 3, so that the basal 1 / 3 of the lateral margins is not visible from above. Lateral margins completely bordered, this border extending along lateral 1 / 3 of basal margin as a very fine impressed line. Median 1 / 3 of basal margin without an impressed border, as in the + +A. wilsonae + +shown in Fig. +16 d +. Scutellum pentagonal, sides parallel in basal 1 / 2, then converging to blunt apical point. Elytra: sides either almost parallel over basal 2 / 3 or more distinctly rounded to widest point 2 / 3 of the way from the base, bluntly rounded to apex. Interstices flat, ca 6 × the width of striae, glossy black, sometimes with very fine reticulation, especially over basal 1 / 4 (Fig. +17 u +). Sutural interstices weakly raised to suture. Striae narrow, shallow, the strial punctures scarcely impinging on their margins. Median diamond-shaped plate of metaventrite with sparse fairly fine punctures, sometimes flattened in males or with a median depression in females (Fig. +21 l, m +). + + +Legs: Long spur of mid tibiae clearly longer than basal segment of tarsi, exceeding it by a distance approximately equal to the width of the basal margin of the second tarsal segment (Fig. +18 r +). Spines on apical margin of posterior tarsi short and even on outer / ventral face, longer, sparser, and more irregular on inner / dorsal face. + + +Aedeagus (Figs +23 p – t +, + +24 m +, n + +) Length ca +0.9–1.1 mm +, paramere length ca +0.43–0.47 mm +, basal piece length ca +0.5–0.6 mm +, tooth field length ca +0.3–0.4 mm +. This is one of the few species in which the length of the endophallic tooth-field is less than that of the parameres. Longest teeth on endophallus ca 47 μm long. + + + + +Etymology. + + + +bellumgerens + +– Latin, waging war, adjective, named for the +type +locality, Piano Battaglia (the battlefield). + + + + +Remarks. + + +So far known only from +Sicily +(Fig. +29 a +). Many of the +types +were taken by swishing the water at the edges of the pool on the Piano Battaglia, washing the beetles from the banks so that they floated on the water. This pool dries out completely in the summer. The Monte Soro specimens were floating and clinging to plants in a shallow pool, following recent rain (Fig. + +27 g + +). We have seen specimens from +Calabria +(Sta Christina, Cippo di Garibaldi) which are apparently morphologically identical but have not been included in the +type +series due to the scarcity of material and lack of karyological or molecular data. RBA has recently received living material from +Calabria +: Villaggio Mancusa, + +39.10727 ° N +, +16.64085 ° E + +, from which chromosomes indicating + +A. felix + +, not + +A. bellumgerens + +have been obtained. These data will be published in due course. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D4/E3/DD/D4E3DDD826E95A6C969E6CC03CAF933F.xml b/data/D4/E3/DD/D4E3DDD826E95A6C969E6CC03CAF933F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3354f07477f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D4/E3/DD/D4E3DDD826E95A6C969E6CC03CAF933F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,554 @@ + + + +Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new Alternaria species (Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae) in Alternaria section from Cucurbitaceae plants in China + + + +Author + +Aung, Sein Lai Lai +https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2738-5598 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Liu, Feng-Yin +0000-0003-3114-603X +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Gou, Ya-Nan +https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6376-8306 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Nwe, Zin Mar +https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6376-8306 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Yu, Zhi-He +0000-0001-9477-4135 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + + + +Author + +Deng, Jian-Xin +0000-0001-7304-5603 +Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China + +text + + +MycoKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +107 + + +125 +139 + + + +journal article +300069 +10.3897/mycokeys.107.124814 +6bd1ed8a-9466-43f9-9c30-03cef8f291b5 + + + + + +Alternaria jingzhouensis +S. L. L. Aung & J. X. Deng + +sp. nov. + + + + +Fig. 2 + + + + + +Type +. + + + +China +, +Hubei Province +, Jingzhou city, Yangtze University (west campus) on infected leaves of + +Citrullus lanatus + +2022, +F +. +Y +Liu, ( + +YZU + +- H- 2022030, +holotype +), ex-type culture + +YZU + +221144. + + + + +Etymology. + + +Named after the collecting locality, Jingzhou ( +Hubei +, +China +) + + + + +Description. + + +Colonies +on + +PDA + +(7 d at 25 ° +C +) pale luteous to amber in the center, white at the edges, light to moderate rosy buff or pale saffron in reverse, cottony surface and +49–52 mm +in diam., at 25 ° +C +for 7 days (Fig. +2 A, B +). On +PCA +(7 d at 22 ° +C +), +conidiophores +arising from substrate, simple, straight or flexuous, light to olivaceous buff, 41–99 (– 151) × 3.5–5 μm (x ̄ = 73 × 4.4 µm, n = 20), +conidiogenous cells +5–11 × 3–6 µm (x ̄ = 8 × 4 µm, n = 20), mono- to polytretic, terminal, determinate, cylindrical, olivaceous buff, smooth, thin-walled, apically doliiform, with 1 conidiogenous locus cicatrized on conidial secession, sometimes swollen near conidiogenous loci; +conidia +3–5 units per chain, arising from the apex or near the apex of the conidiophores or terminal hyphae, muriform, ellipsoidal, flask-shaped, rostrate, beaked, 28–51 × 11–21 μm (x ̄ = 38 × 16.4, n = 50), with 1–4 transverse septa with 0–2 branching (Fig. +2 C, E +); On + +V +8 +A + +(7 d at 22 ° +C +), +conidiophores +40–94 × 4–7 μm (x ̄ = 58 × 5, n = 20), simple, straight or flexuous, light to olivaceous buff; +conidiogenous cells +5–13 × 3–6 µm (x ̄ = 8 × 4 µm, n = 20), mono- to polytretic, terminal, determinate, cylindrical, olivaceous buff, smooth, thin-walled, apically doliiform, with 1 conidiogenous locus, sometimes swollen near conidiogenous loci cicatrized on conidial secession; +conidia +3–5 units per chain, arising from the apex or near the apex of the conidiophores or terminal hyphae, muriform, ellipsoidal, flask-shaped, rostrate, beaked, 22–51 × 3–16 μm (x ̄ = 33.9 × 13.2, n = 50), 1–6 transverse septa with 0–2 branching (Fig. +2 D, F +). + + + + + + + +Alternaria jingzhouensis + +sp. nov. +(ex-type +YZU +221144) +A, B +seven-day-old culture on +PDA +C, D +conidiophores and conidia on +PCA +and +V 8 A +, respectively +E, F +conidia on +PCA +and +V 8 A +, respectively. Scale bars: 25 μm ( +E, F +); 50 μm ( +C, D +). + + + + + +Additional isolate examined. + + +China +, +Hubei Province +, Jingzhou city, Yangtze University (west campus) on infected leaves of + +Citrullus lanatus + +2022, +F +. +Y +Liu, living culture + +YZU + +221145. + + + + +Notes. + + +Phylogenetically, + +A. jingzhouensis + +sp. nov. +is different from its sister species + +A. baoshanensis + +, + +A. koreana + +, + +A. momordicae + +sp. nov. +, + +A. orobanches + +and + +A. ovoidea + +based on sequences derived from seven genes (Fig. +1 +). After conducting a nucleotide pairwise comparison as recommended by +Jeewon and Hyde (2016) +, the present species can be readily distinguished from the closet species + +A. koreana + +, + +A. momordicae + +sp. nov. +and + +A. orobanches + +constructed on any of the + +ITS + +, + +GAPDH + +, + + +TEF +1 + + +, + +RPB 2 + +, +Alt a 1 +, + +EndoPG + +, and OPA 10-2 genes, which has 1 bp difference in the + +ITS + +region, 1 bp in + +GAPDH + +, 1 bp in + + +TEF +1 + + +, 7 pb in + +RPB 2 + +, 9 bp in +Alt a 1 +, 10 bp in + +EndoPG + +, and 4 bp in OPA 10-2 when compared with + +A. koreana + +, 1 bp in + +GAPDH + +, 4 bp in + +RPB 2 + +, and 11 bp in OPA 10-2 when compared with + +A. momordicae + +sp. nov. +and 49 bp differences in the + +ITS + +region when compared with sister species + +A. orobanches + +. Morphologically, the species is distinct from + +A. baoshanensis + +, + +A. koreana + +, and + +A. ovoidea + +as it produces conidia on a simple conidiogenous locus with occasionally longer beaks in a chain of 3–5 units, and from + +A. momordicae + +sp. nov. +by having shorter beaks (Table +2 +). + + + + + + +Conidial features of the novel + +Alternaria +species + +proposed here and their closest relatives in section + +Alternaria + +. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpeciesConidiaConidia per chainMediumReference
ShapeBody (µm)Beak (µm)Septa
+ +A. baoshanensis + +Subglobose to ellipsoidal, or subcylindrical to obpyriform25–60 × 12–22Short beak3–61–3 +PCA + +Li et al. (2023) +
+ +A. jingzhouensis + +sp. nov. +Ellipsoidal, flask-shaped, rostrate, beaked28–51 × 11–212–7 (– 15)1–43–5 +PCA +Present study
22–51 × 3–163–71–63–5 +V 8 A +Present study
+ +A. koreana + +Obovate to long ellipsoid12.9–61.2 × 8.6 – 20.74.5–9.12–81–2SNA +Romain et al. (2022) +
+ +A. momordicae + +sp. nov. +Obclavate, inverted club-shaped6–42 × 4–342–19.51–53–4 +PCA +Present study
24–61 × 10–173–25.51–53–4 +V 8 A +Present study
+ +A. orobanches + +Obclavate to ovoid20–50 × 10–20–3 – 61–2 +PCA + +Li et al. (2023) +
+ +A. ovoidea + +Ovoid48–65 × 15.5–30–1 – 31 +PDA + +Li et al. (2022) +
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/EE/13/BC/EE13BC0C504859B79CEF09240294C48E.xml b/data/EE/13/BC/EE13BC0C504859B79CEF09240294C48E.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9e71a5d02dd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/EE/13/BC/EE13BC0C504859B79CEF09240294C48E.xml @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +felix + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figs 4 c +, +6 i +, +8 e, f +, +15 d +, +16 v +, +18 p, q +, +21 f, k +, +23 v, w +, +25 c +, +26 v +, +32 a – e + + + + +Type material examined. + + + + +Holotype + +♂ +: +Italy +, +Abruzzo +, Campo Felice. Washed into pool. + +1. vi. 2009 + +. +R. B. Angus. Chromosome +prep. 4, + +7. vi. 2009 + +. +R. B. Angus +( + +NHMUK + +) + +. + +Paratypes + +: +1 ♂ +, data as +holotype +, chromosome prep. 3, +7. vi. 2009 +. R. B. Angus; +3 ♀♀ +, data as +holotype +, chromosome preps 1 – 3, +9. vi. 2009 +. R. B. Angus ( + +NHMUK + +); +1 ♀ +, data as +holotype +, +1. vi. 2009 +(sequenced) ( + +JFMC + +); +Basilicata +, M. Sirino ( +PZ +) +XI. 1997 +1400–1700 m +Leg. F. Angelini ( + +JFMC + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + + +Aphodius felix + +sp. nov. +was the first new species to be recognised, after + +A. wilsonae + +, initially because of its small y chromosome. The endophallic teeth are large, as in + +A. niger + +, and the basal segment of the mesotarsi is not longer than the longer mesotibial spur. The pronotum is fairly strongly punctate and the sides bulge outwards so that the lateral margins are not visible from above either all the basal 1 / 2 or visible again in the basal 1 / 6 (Fig. +6 i +), a character shared with Sicilian + +A. bellumgerens + +(Fig. +6 j +). Chromosomally, these two species are clearly distinguished by their X chromosomes, the X being clearly the longest in the nucleus in +A. +( + +bellumgerens + +Fig. +32 f – i +), but clearly shorter than autosome pairs +1–3 in + +A. felix + +(Fig. +32 a – e +). + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +4 c +). Length: +4.4–4.5 mm +( +♂ +), 4.2–5.0 mm ( +♀ +); width: 1.9–2.0 mm ( +♂ +), +1.6–2.3 mm +( +♀ +). Glossy black, tarsi, and tibial spurs dark brown, tibiae with a hint of brown-bronze reflections. + + +Head with dorsal surface domed, flatter behind frontoclypeal suture. Frontoclypeal suture distinct, completely non-tuberculate but with smooth elevated areas each side of the median straight section and a weaker elevation medially. Genae rounded, strongly protuberant laterally in front of eyes. Clypeus with rounded median emargination, angles either side of this rounded. Clypeus and genae with strong raised margin, this slightly brownish. Surface strongly and more or less evenly punctuate, the punctures separated by ca 1.5 × their diameter, and finer medially. Antennae and palpi more or less black. Epipharynx (Fig. +8 e, f +) clithra evenly excised either side of the median tylus, chaetopedia with four or five rather stout spines and spines of chaetopariae mainly shorter than chaetopedia. Head and pronotum as in Fig. +6 i +. + + +Pronotum hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely but more or less flat longitudinally, lateral margins more or less parallel, but slightly convergent anteriorly, weakly and very evenly curved. Pronotal surface bulging outwards from the general curvature over all or part of the basal 1 / 2 of the pronotum, ca 1 / 4 of the way in from each side, so that the lateral margins are not visible from above either in all of the basal 1 / 2 of the pronotum, or visible in the basal 1 / 6 (Fig. +6 i +). Lateral margins with distinct raised border, this continued very finely over the lateral 1 / 3 of the basal margin, the median 1 / 3 of which normally lacks any border Occasionally the median 1 / 4 of the basal margin is bordered but on either side of this is an unbordered section amounting to one 1 / 4 of the length of the basal margin (Fig. +15 d +). Anterior margin without any trace of a raised border. Surface with double punctation of variable strength. Larger punctures separated by 2–4 × their diameter, sometimes very strongly impressed and with the pronotal surface depressed immediately round their edges, but sometimes more moderate and with the pronotal surface evenly curved around them. Finer punctures dot-like, in some specimens separated from one another by ca 2 × their diameter but in other specimens much sparser, separated by 4–6 × their diameter. Pronotal surface between the punctures smooth, glossy. Scutellum: elongate, pentagonal, ca 10 % of elytral length, glossy black with brownish lateral and apical edges, and with sparse punctures medially. Elytra: glossy black but the interstices slightly duller than head and pronotum and with fine isodiametric reticulation (visible at × 40 magnification with bright diffuse illumination) (Fig. +16 v +). Striae narrow (ca 1 / 5 the width of the interstices), vertical sided and with punctures separated by ca 2 × their diameter. In the +two ♂♂ +the punctures bulge into the interstices but in the +three ♀♀ +they hardly deflect the strial margins. Lateral margins of the elytra distinct, at base strongly upcurved in front of the humeral bulges; stronger basally and at apex ca as wide as stria 2. Interstices 4 × as wide as striae, with fine sparse punctation, this a bit stronger in the humeral area in front of abbreviated stria 9. + + +Metaventrite: median diamond-shaped plate fairly strongly punctate, concave to the depressed mid-line ( +2 ♂♂ +) (Fig. +21 f, k +), flat with faint median impressed line to median concavity over middle 1 / 3 of the diamond-shaped area ( +3 ♀♀ +). Legs: black with dark brown tarsi and tibial spurs, rather long and slender, basal segment of hind tarsi as long as segments 2 + 3 + 1 / 2 of segment 4. Longer spur of mid tibiae longer than basal segment of mid tarsi, though sometimes the segment is almost as long as the spur (Fig. +18 p, q +). + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +23 v, w +): size and shape of parameres as + +A. niger + +, and spines of endophallus strong as in + +A. niger + +. Longest teeth on endophallus 45 μm long. + + + + +Etymology. + + + +felix + +– Latin, happy, named from the +type +locality, Campo Felice. + + + + +Remarks. + + +As yet this species is known only from the +type +series. The beetles were taken at the edge of a pool below a grassy slope on Campo Felice (Fig. +29 a +) in the +Abruzzo +mountains (Fig. +28 f +) after a day of continuous heavy rain. A return visit a day or so later, after better weather, yielded no further specimens, so that it seems that this species lives at the roots of the grass and other herbs rather than in the mud at the water’s edge. Specimens from northern and central +Italy +mentioned in +Maté and Angus (2005) +are most likely + +A. felix + +. See Remarks after + +A. bellumgerens + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/F7/A4/18/F7A418809EFA50C998DBBED70B4A40A9.xml b/data/F7/A4/18/F7A418809EFA50C998DBBED70B4A40A9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..be9bf2c0ace --- /dev/null +++ b/data/F7/A4/18/F7A418809EFA50C998DBBED70B4A40A9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,596 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +rutilipennis +Baudi di Selve, 1870 + +, stat. rest. + + + + +Figs 2 e – g +, +5 i – k +, +7 j +, +13 c, d +, +18 c +, +20 c, d +, + +22 q, q ’, r, v, w, +25 m +, 26 j, k, 30 d, e + + + + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +plagiatus var rutilipennis + +Baudi di Selve, 1870: 64 +. + + + + + + + + + +Aphodius ressli +Petrovitz, 1962: 126 + + + + + + + + +Aphodius cypricola +Balthasar, 1971: 57 + +. + + + + + + + +Aphodius isikdagensis + +Balthasar 1952, sensu + +Dellacasa et al. 2001 b +: 6 + +(misidentification). + + + + + + + + +Note. + + +Baudi di Selve (1870) +described a variety of + +A. plagiatus + +in which the elytra were brownish bronze (“ brunneo-subaeneis ”) and said that this variety was less rare (on +Cyprus +) than the black form. He added that, among other things, the mesosternum (sic) was more delicately and less densely punctate than in European + +A. plagiatus + +. +Dellacasa et al. (2007) +stated that the name + +A. rutilipennis +Baudi di Selve + +was unavailable as it was simply a colour variant, but that would only be the case if the name was “ infrasubspecific ”. For names published before 1961, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999, 4 +th +edition), states that a name “ is subspecific if first published before 1961 and the author expressly used one of the terms “ variety ” or “ form ” (including the use of the terms “ var. ”, “ forma ”, “ v ” and “ f ”), unless the author also expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, or the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the name was published for an infrasubspecific entity ”. Baudi makes no reference to infrasubspecific status, nor does his description imply that it was such. This name is therefore available and is the oldest known name for this species. + + + + + +Type +material examined. + + + + +Aphodius plagiatus var rutilipennis +Baudi di Selve, 1870 + +. +Type +material in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genova (MCSNGDG) – not examined (not available for study). + + + +Aphodius ressli + +Petrovitz, 1962. +Holotype +♀ +( + +MNHG + +); + + + + + +Aphodius cypricola + +Balthasar, 1971. +Holotype +♂ +( + +NMP + +). + + + + + + +Additional material examined. + + +GR: Corfu, + +39.6 ° N +, +19.8 ° E + +. Reitter, Nevinson coll. +1 ♂ +( + +NHMUK + +). Evia, Chalcis, +36.463 ° N +, +26.635 ° E +, 1932, leg. J. Fodor. 1 unsexed ( + +MNHB + +). +Macedonia +, Langassa Göll. + +40.464 ° N +, +32.147 ° E + +. +1 ♀ +( + +MNHB + +). + + +AL: +Albania +mer. Butrint, + +39.754 ° N +, +20.021 ° E + +. Smetana, 1958, l +♀ +( + +NMP + +). + + +TR: Besika (Beşik) Bay, + +40.274 ° N +, +26.459 ° E + +. +2 ♂♂ +, 5 unsexed. Ex C. G. Champion ( + +NHMUK + +). +Turkey +mer. Devecusagi, Yumurtalik env., + +36.884 ° N +, +36.039 ° E + +. +14. iv. 1992 +. leg. O. Hovorka. 1 unsexed ( + +NMP + +) prov. +Antalya +, Manavgat. + +36.763 ° N +, +31.437 ° E + +. leg. + + +A. + + +Bellmann +13. iii. 2000 +. +1 ♂ +( + +ABC + +). +Antalya +, Manavgat. + +36.763 ° N +, +31.437 ° E + +. leg. + + +A. + + +Bellmann +13. iii. 2000 +. +1 ♂ +( + +ABC + +). +Antalya +, 5 Km nördi, Sagirin, Köprülu kanyon, +19. 03. 2002 +, leg. + + +A. + + +Bellmann, 1 unsexed ( + +ABC + +); same data, +22. 03. 2002 +, 1 unsexed ( + +ABC + +); +Antalya +, Akseki, +1300 m +a. s. l., +19 March 2002 +, leg. Bellmann 1 unsexed ( + +ABC + +); Alanya, Konakli; +13. 03. 2000 +leg. + + +A. + + +Bellmann, 1 unsexed ( + +ABC + +). +Istanbul +Halkali +28. vii. 1968 +Cl. Besuchet, 1 unsexed ( +MHNG +). + + +CY: +Akrotiri +, + +34.634 ° N +, +32.991 ° E + +. G. Mavromoustakis +2 ♂♂ +( + +NHMUK + +); Limassol distr. Zakaki marshes, puddle in lorry park at edge of reedbed, +3. iv. 2005 +. R. B. Angus. +3 ♂♂ +, chromosome prep. 4: +7. iv. 2005 +R. B Angus, DNA extracts 110 & 91, J. F. Maté 2013, +1 ♀ +, chromosome prep. 5: +7. v. 2005 +( + +NHMUK + +); “ +Insel +Cypern ” ex coll, Fodor. +2 ♂♂ +, +1 ♀ +( + +MNHB + +); +Zypern +, Sotira (Salzee), +6. 4. 2010 +, W. Ziegler leg., 1 unsexed ( + +ABC + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +A small black + +A. plagiatus + +group species, occasionally with dull reddish elytra, immediately distinguished from + +A. plagiatus + +by its clearly more lightly sculptured metaventrite and the bristles on the endophallus. Black specimens are distinguished from + +A. chellala + +sp. nov. +by the narrower gap in the basal border of the pronotum. + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +2 e – g +). Head and pronotum (Fig. +5 i – k +). Length: +3.1–4.1 mm +( +♂ +), +3.9–4.2 mm +( +♀ +); width: +1.4–1.8 mm +( +♂ +), +1.7–1.9 mm +( +♀ +). + + +Head black, anterolateral margins of clypeus and genae with a vague dull yellowish brown strip, and actual margins narrowly raised. Frontoclypeal suture more or less straight over median 1 / 3 but middle part effaced, laterally angled to anterior edge of genae, but this part scarcely traceable. Frons with moderate double punctation which is effaced on the middle 1 / 4. Disc of clypeus bulges upwards, this bulge with only very fine sparse dot-like punctation, surface away from the bulge with moderate double punctation and the surface becoming weakly wrinkled towards the anterior and lateral margins. Front of clypeus weakly excised over middle 1 / 3, recurved either side of this excision. Antennae and maxillary palpi dull yellowish brown antennal clubs and apical segments of palpi darker. Epipharynx (Fig. +7 j +) with the anterior margin if the clithra excised either side of the median tylus, and the prophobae and apophobae quite extensively developed and with 3 or 4 chaetopedia each side. + + +Pronotum hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, weakly so longitudinally. Lateral margins bordered but basal 1 / 2 not visible from above because of the outwardly bulging lateral parts of the pronotal surface in this area. Posterior margin of the pronotum usually with an almost continuous border, this with a small median interruption whose width is approximately the same as the diameter of the larger pronotal punctures (Fig. +13 c +). In the +holotype +of + +A. cypricola + +and a female from Greek +Macedonia +(Langasa-Göl, now Lagkadas near Thessaloniki) the median gap in the basal border of the pronotum is rather wider (Fig. +13 d +), but the aedeagal characters are the same as in other material. Pronotal surface with moderate double punctation, the larger punctures separated by 1–2 × their diameter, becoming sparser medially. Smaller punctures dot-like and all punctures absent from a median longitudinal strip. + +Scutellum elongate, pentagonal, glossy reddish brown with a few punctures medio basally. +Elytra maroon-bronze or black, interstices with a silky sheen due to the fine reticulation on their surfaces. Striae narrow, shallow and glossy, with punctures separated by ca 2 × their diameter and indenting the strial margins. Interstices ca 6 × as wide as the striae, flat and with a very fine reticulation and scattered very fine punctures separated from one another by ca 1 / 3 of the width of the interstices. Lateral margins of elytra slightly rounded to widest point just behind the middle, then rounded to the blunt apex. + +Metaventrite: (Fig. +20 c, d +) grey-bronze with maroon reflections, median diamond-shaped plate depressed medially. Surface reticulate, the reticulation effaced in the middle of the median depression. Punctation fine and sparse, becoming stronger over the outer part of the median depression, but absent from its centre. + + +Legs: mid brown, basal segment of mid tarsi clearly shorter than the longer tibial spur (Fig. +18 c +). + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +22 q, q +’ r, v, w) small, length ca +0.7 mm +with the endophallus bearing a dense field of bristles dorsally and the apices of the parameres membranous, expanded and obliquely truncate. + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Aphodius rutilipennis + +is distributed in mainly lowland coastal areas of southeast Europe and Asiatic +Turkey +( +Anatolia +) from Corfu and southern +Albania +(Butrint) in the west, via Evia and +Macedonia +( +Greece +), Besika Bay ( +Turkey +), +Cyprus +( +Limassol +and +Larnaca +districts) to +Hatay +(Iskenderun) ( +Turkey +: the +type +locality of + +L. ressli + +) in the east (Fig. +29 b, c +) On +Cyprus +it appears to be mainly winter-active. RBA collected it at the edge of a muddy pool in the Zakaki marshes ( +Limassol +) and C. Makris ( +Limassol +, +Cyprus +) collected it from under a discarded piece of carpet lying on the mud in the same area (pers. comm. to RBA, +April 1985 +). This whole area is slightly saline. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FE/60/5F/FE605F66CB5B5078A68A185AA9D27B99.xml b/data/FE/60/5F/FE605F66CB5B5078A68A185AA9D27B99.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2052edb3e91 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/FE/60/5F/FE605F66CB5B5078A68A185AA9D27B99.xml @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ + + + +Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae) + + + +Author + +Angus, Robert B. +0000-0002-3860-5617 +Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK + + + +Author + +Maté, Jason F. +0000-0002-2505-7113 +c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain + + + +Author + +Angus, Elizabeth M. +Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK + + + +Author + +Král, David +0000-0002-7930-1927 +Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic + +text + + +ZooKeys + + +2024 + +2024-07-22 + + +1207 + + +205 +299 + + + +journal article +10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225 +94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80 + + + + + +Aphodius +( +Liothorax +) +kraatzi +Harold, 1868 + + + + + +Figs 3 a, b +, +5 o, p +, +8 a, b +, +14 b +, +17 j +, +18 f, g +, + +20 g +– i + +, +22 y, z +, +25 h +, +26 o – s +, +30 f – h + + + + + + + +Aphodius kraatzi +Harold, 1868: 84 + +. + + + + + + + +Type +material examined. + + + +( +MNHP +), seen but not studied in detail by DK. + + + + +Additional material examined. + + +SK: S. +Slovakia +, E. of Chlaba, sandy place S of the railway. + +47.842 ° N +, +18.844 ° E + +. +107 m +a. s. l .. +11. vi. 2014 +. leg. D. Král. +1 ♂ +, +5 ♀♀ +( + +NHMUK + +). Martovce. + +47.858 ° N +, +18.127 ° E + +. +2 ♀♀ +( + +NHMUK + +). Velké Kosíhy. + +47.734 ° N +, +18.127 ° E + +. +1 ♀ +( + +NHMUK + +). Virt. + +47.742 ° N +, +18.324 ° E + +. +31. vii – 2. viii. 2012 +. Martinů Ivo leg. 2, unsexed ( + +NMP + +). + + +GR: Lesbos, Petra. + +39.399 ° N +, +26.181 ° E + +. 2, unsexed ( + +NMW + +). + + +RU: +Astrakhan obl. +Dosang. + +46.904 ° N +, +47.916 ° E + +. Cattle dung. + + +A. + + +Frolov & + + +L. + + +Akhmetova. +2 ♀♀ +, 4 unsexed, +23. v. 2007 +, +1 ♀ +, +1–3. v. 2004 +( +NHML +). +Novosibirsk obl. +Karasuk. + +53.5 ° N +, +78 ° E + +. +vi – vii. 1982 +. R. B. +Angus +. +1 ♀ +( + +NHMUK + +). SE Siberia, S Chita reg. + +50.071166 ° N +, +115.663446 ° E + +. Zun Tore Lake. +30. v. 2002 +. +1 ♂ +( + +JFMC + +) + + +IN “ O. Ashur-ade ” (Ashooradeh Island). + +36.91 ° N +, 53.96 ° Е + +. Solovkin +1. v. 1913 +. 4, unsexed ( + +ZIN + +) + + +KZ: Dzhulek, Orenburg – Tashkent railway, Syr Darja (Taken as Zholek near Baigakum, + +44.314 ° N +, +66.466 ° E + +), +3 ♂♂ +, +3 ♀♀ +, 9, unsexed ( +NHML +). Kozakhit, Almaty obl. Altyn Emel NP Ul; ken Kalkan. + +43.874 ° N +, +78.749 ° E + +. N bank of R. Ile, at light, +5. v. 2012 +. D. J. Mann & J. Cooter. +1 ♂ +, 3 unsexed ( + +OUM + +). + + +UZ: Kyzylkum desert Baymachan distr. +11. v. 1995 +. 2, undissected ( + +NHMUK + +). + + +AF: +Kabul +. + +34.548 ° N +, +69.213 ° E + +. +1 ♂ +, +1 ♀ +( + +NMP + +), +1 ♀ +, 1 unsexed ( + +NMW + +). + + + + +Differential diagnosis. + + +A conspicuously narrow elongate black beetle, with the scutellum wide, generally wider than elytral interstice 2. Elytral interstices weakly raised, not flat as in most other species. Smaller, length +3.7–4.8 mm +. Basal line of pronotum completely effaced over middle 1 / 3 (Fig. +14 b +). +♀ +with spermatheca smaller (Fig. +26 o – s +), length ca +0.25 mm +. + + + + +Redescription. + + +General appearance (Fig. +3 a, b +). Black, elongate, parallel-sided, and conspicuously narrow. Length: +3.4–4.8 mm +, width +1.5–1.9 mm +. + + +Head black with anterior and lateral margins of the clypeus narrowly brown. Anterior margin of clypeus emarginated, the sides of this emargination bluntly rounded. Central part of clypeus bulging upwards, frontoclypeal suture occasionally slightly raised medially but without any trace of a real tubercle, straight or slightly curved backwards over middle 1 / 2, angled forward to run to the junction of the clypeus and genae laterally. Punctation double, varying from close and strong to rather sparse, generally weaker and sparser in the central area of the frons and becoming rugose anteriorly and laterally (head and pronotum: Fig. +5 o, p +) Maxillary palpi dark brown, the apical segment blackish. Antennae brown, the clubs darker. Epipharynx (Fig. +8 a, b +) with the anterior margin of the clithra almost straight either side of the median tylus and the acropariae very well-developed. The prophobae are well-developed on each side of the mesoepitorma and there are three or four chaetopedia on each side. Pronotum black, hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, only weakly so longitudinally. Entire lateral margins visible from above. Surface with double punctation of variable strength, generally weaker medially. Hind margin bordered only in lateral 1 / 4 s (Fig. +14 b +). Scutellum rather wide, generally wider than elytral interstice 2, pentagonal, moderately elongate, sides parallel in basal 1 / 2, then angled to apical convergence. Metaventrite variable. Median diamond-shaped plate sometimes excavated and quite strongly punctured (Fig. + +20 g + +), or flatter and more finely punctured (Fig. +20 h, i +). Legs brown, longer spur of mid tibiae clearly longer than the basal segment of the tarsus (Fig. +18 f, g +). Elytra glossy black, interstices very weakly convex, finely reticulate and with sparse fine punctation, and 6–8 × width of the striae (Fig. +17 j +). + + +Aedeagus (Fig. +22 y, z +) ca +0.8 mm +long, apical 1 / 3 of parameres slightly more expanded than in + +A. rutilipennis + +and + +A. chellala + +sp. nov. +, its outer margin more rounded. Endophallus with fine bristles. + + + + +Remarks. + + + +Aphodius kraatzi + +is widely distributed in the drier regions of the western and central Palaearctic, from southern +Slovakia +to +Kazakhstan +, +Uzbekistan +, +Afghanistan +, and the Chita region of Transbaikal in +Russia +(Fig. +29 b, c +). Most specimens are taken at light but Andrey Frolov ( +St Petersburg +) mentions that it can sometimes be found at the roots of grass and other herbaceous plants, as in the area of the +Astrakhan +oblast’ ( +Russia +) shown in Fig. +28 d +. He adds that material flying to light often arrives from the direction away from neighbouring water (pers. comm. to RBA, +April 2015 +). In 1982 RBA took +one specimen +in a water-filled ditch at Karasuk on the Kulundinskaya Steppe in Western Siberia. + + + + \ No newline at end of file