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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885" ID-GBIF-Dataset="15db085c-4e89-4de4-8aa1-6f052fa10318" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181753293" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-355" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F8FB1E20688F5A8B8DA77D99F21237AA" ID-ZooBank="D6289103A48D43EBB3B94C77182BCB58" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C705A78B-25AF-4AB8-9E00-CE6D6161C889" ModsDocID="2305-2562-1-355" checkinTime="1619617128130" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaltenbach, Thomas &amp; Gattolliat, Jean-Luc" docDate="2021" docId="8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 62(1): 355-382" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 62 (1)" docPubDate="2021-04-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885" docTitle="Labiobaetis ediai Kaltenbach &amp; Gattolliat 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C705A78B-25AF-4AB8-9E00-CE6D6161C889" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="F8FB1E20688F5A8B8DA77D99F21237AA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="364" masterDocId="F8FB1E20688F5A8B8DA77D99F21237AA" masterDocTitle="Labiobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge in West Africa (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="382" masterPageNumber="355" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" updateTime="1636035159804" updateUser="felipe">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Labiobaetis Novikova &amp; Kluge in West Africa (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kaltenbach, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-0388</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place Riponne 6, CH- 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland &amp; University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Ecology and Evolution, CH- 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thomas.kaltenbach@bluewin.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gattolliat, Jean-Luc</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-5083</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place Riponne 6, CH- 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland &amp; University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Ecology and Evolution, CH- 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>62</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>355</mods:start>
<mods:end>382</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2305-2562-1-355</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D6289103A48D43EBB3B94C77182BCB58</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F8FB1E20688F5A8B8DA77D99F21237AA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181753293" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C705A78B-25AF-4AB8-9E00-CE6D6161C889" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="360" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
2.
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C705A78B-25AF-4AB8-9E00-CE6D6161C889" authority="Kaltenbach &amp; Gattolliat, 2021" authorityName="Kaltenbach &amp; Gattolliat" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Labiobaetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labiobaetis ediai" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ediai" status="sp. nov.">Labiobaetis ediai</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="360">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Labiobaetis in West Africa." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535701" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Figures 4b</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph, habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535702" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a foreleg b fore claw c tergum IV d gill IV e paraproct f base of antenna g metanotum (left side), without hind protopteron (mature nymph). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535703" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a labrum b right mandible c right prostheca d left mandible e left prostheca f hypopharynx and superlinguae g maxilla h labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">, 7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="360" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Nymph.</emphasis>
Following combination of characters: A) scape without distolateral process; B) labial palp segment II with rather narrow, thumb-like distomedial protuberance; segment III slightly pentagonal; C) maxillary palp segment II with slight excavation at inner distolateral margin; D) fore femur rather broad, length ca. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximum width; dorsal margin with 7-9 curved, spine-like setae; femoral patch absent; E) hind protoptera absent; F) six pairs of gills; G) paraproct slightly expanded, with 35-44 marginal spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="5" pageNumber="360" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Nymph</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph, habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535702" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">5</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a labrum b right mandible c right prostheca d left mandible e left prostheca f hypopharynx and superlinguae g maxilla h labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">7</figureCitation>
). Body length 3.3-4.0 mm. Cerci: slightly shorter than body length. Paracercus: ca.
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
of cerci length. Antenna: approx. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as head length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Colouration</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph, habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535702" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">5</figureCitation>
). Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally and ventrally brown. Legs light brown, caudalii light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Antenna</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a foreleg b fore claw c tergum IV d gill IV e paraproct f base of antenna g metanotum (left side), without hind protopteron (mature nymph). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535703" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">6f</figureCitation>
) with scape and pedicel subcylindrical, without distolateral process at scape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Labrum</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a labrum b right mandible c right prostheca d left mandible e left prostheca f hypopharynx and superlinguae g maxilla h labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">7a</figureCitation>
). Subrectangular, length 0.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximum width. Distal margin with medial emargination and small process. Dorsally with long, fine, simple setae scattered over surface; submarginal arc of setae composed of ca. 13 long, feathered setae. Ventrally with marginal row of setae composed of lateral and anterolateral long, feathered setae and medial long, bifid, pectinate setae; ventral surface with ca. four short, spine-like setae near lateral and anterolateral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">Right mandible</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a labrum b right mandible c right prostheca d left mandible e left prostheca f hypopharynx and superlinguae g maxilla h labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="5" pageNumber="360">7b, c</figureCitation>
). Incisor and kinetodontium fused. Incisor with five denticles; kinetodontium with three denticles, inner margin of innermost denticle with row of thin setae. Prostheca robust, apically denticulate. Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex, with minute denticles. Tuft of setae at apex of mola present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="361" start="start">Left</pageBreakToken>
mandible
</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a labrum b right mandible c right prostheca d left mandible e left prostheca f hypopharynx and superlinguae g maxilla h labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">7d, e</figureCitation>
). Incisor and kinetodontium fused. Incisor with four denticles; kinetodontium with three denticles. Prostheca robust, apically with small denticles and comb-shaped structure. Margin between prostheca and mola almost straight, with minute denticles towards subtriangular process. Subtriangular process long and slender, above level of area between prostheca and mola. Denticles of mola apically constricted. Tuft of setae at apex of mola absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="361">Both mandibles with lateral margins almost straight. Basal half with fine, simple setae scattered over dorsal surface.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">Hypopharynx and superlinguae</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a labrum b right mandible c right prostheca d left mandible e left prostheca f hypopharynx and superlinguae g maxilla h labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">7f</figureCitation>
). Lingua slightly longer than superlinguae. Lingua longer than broad; medial tuft of stout setae well developed; distal half laterally slightly expanded. Superlinguae distally straight; lateral margins rounded; fine, long, simple setae along distal margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">Maxilla</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a labrum b right mandible c right prostheca d left mandible e left prostheca f hypopharynx and superlinguae g maxilla h labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">7g</figureCitation>
). Galea-lacinia ventrally with two simple, apical setae under canines. Inner dorsal row of setae with three denti-setae, distal denti-seta tooth-like, middle and proximal denti-setae slender, bifid and pectinate. Medially with one pectinate, spine-like seta and three or four simple setae. Maxillary palp longer than length of galea-lacinia; 2-segmented; palp segment II 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of segment I; setae on maxillary palp fine, simple, scattered over surface of segments I and II; apex of last segment rounded, with slight excavation at inner distolateral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">Labium</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a labrum b right mandible c right prostheca d left mandible e left prostheca f hypopharynx and superlinguae g maxilla h labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="6" pageNumber="361">7h</figureCitation>
). Glossa basally broad, narrowing towards apex; shorter than paraglossa; inner margin with four or five spine-like setae, distalmost seta much longer than other setae; apex with two long and one medium, robust, pectinate setae; outer margin with four or five spine-like setae increasing in length distally; ventral surface with fine, simple, scattered setae. Paraglossa sub-rectangular, curved inwards; apex rounded; with three rows of long, robust, distally pectinate setae in apical area and one or two short, simple setae in anteromedial area; dorsally with row of three long, spine-like, simple setae near inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of segments II and III combined. Segment I ventrally with short, fine, simple setae. Segment II with rather narrow,
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="362" start="start">thumb-like</pageBreakToken>
distomedial protuberance; distomedial protuberance 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of base of segment III; ventral surface with short, fine, simple setae; dorsally with four spine-like setae near outer margin. Segment III slightly pentagonal; apex slightly pointed; length 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width; ventrally covered with short, spine-like, simple setae and short, fine, simple setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="363" start="start">Hind</pageBreakToken>
protoptera
</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a foreleg b fore claw c tergum IV d gill IV e paraproct f base of antenna g metanotum (left side), without hind protopteron (mature nymph). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535703" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">6g</figureCitation>
) absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Foreleg</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a foreleg b fore claw c tergum IV d gill IV e paraproct f base of antenna g metanotum (left side), without hind protopteron (mature nymph). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535703" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">6a, b</figureCitation>
). Ratio of foreleg segments 1.2:1.0:0.6:0.2.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Femur</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Length ca. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximum width. Dorsal margin with 7-9 curved, spine-like setae; length of setae 0.29
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
maximum width of femur. Apex rounded, with pair of spine-like setae and some short, stout setae. Stout, lanceolate setae scattered along ventral margin; femoral patch absent.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Tibia</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Dorsal margin with row of scarce, fine simple setae. Ventral margin with row of short to medium, curved, spine-like setae, distad of patellotibial suture one longer, curved, spine-like seta, on apex, some longer setae and tuft of fine, simple setae. Anterior surface scattered with short, stout, lanceolate setae. Patellotibial suture present on basal half area.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Tarsus</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Dorsal margin almost bare. Ventral margin with row of curved, spine-like setae.
<taxonomicName genus="Claw" lsidName="Claw" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Claw</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with one row of nine or ten denticles; distally pointed; with ca. three stripes; subapical setae absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Terga</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a foreleg b fore claw c tergum IV d gill IV e paraproct f base of antenna g metanotum (left side), without hind protopteron (mature nymph). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535703" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">6c</figureCitation>
). Surface with irregular rows of U-shaped scale bases and scattered fine, simple setae and micropores. Posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular spines, wider than long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Gills</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a foreleg b fore claw c tergum IV d gill IV e paraproct f base of antenna g metanotum (left side), without hind protopteron (mature nymph). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535703" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">6d</figureCitation>
). Present on segments II-VII. Margin with small denticles intercalating fine simple setae. Tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill IV as long as length of segments V, VI and half VII combined; gill VII as long as length of segments VIII, IX and half X combined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Paraproct</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labiobaetis ediai sp. nov., nymph morphology a foreleg b fore claw c tergum IV d gill IV e paraproct f base of antenna g metanotum (left side), without hind protopteron (mature nymph). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535703" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">6e</figureCitation>
). Distally slightly expanded, with 35-44 marginal spines. Surface scattered with U-shaped scale bases and micropores. Cercotractor with small, marginal spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="363" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
Dedicated to the collector of the specimens, Dr. Edia Oi Edia (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Université">Universite</normalizedToken>
Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Ivory Coast), in recognition of his contribution to the knowledge of aquatic insects from the Ivory Coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="363" type="biological aspects">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Biological aspects.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
The specimens were collected at altitudes between sea level and 200 m, mostly together with one or several other West African species (
<taxonomicName family="Baetidae" genus="L." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. elouardi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" rank="species" species="elouardi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">L. elouardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Baetidae" genus="L." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. gambiae" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" rank="species" species="gambiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">L. gambiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Baetidae" genus="L." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. glaucus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" rank="species" species="glaucus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">L. glaucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Baetidae" genus="L." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. latus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">L. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Baetidae" genus="L." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. piscis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" rank="species" species="piscis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">L. piscis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Baetidae" genus="L." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. vinosus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" rank="species" species="vinosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">L. vinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The characteristics and environmental conditions of some of the sampling sites are described in
<bibRefCitation author="Edia, OE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, Section D" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="1022 - 1037" refId="B8" refString="Edia, OE, Dietoa, YM, Konan, KF, Bony, KY, Diomande, D, 2015. Aquatic insect community structure in four coastal streams (Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa). Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, Section D 5: 1022 - 1037" title="Aquatic insect community structure in four coastal streams (Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa)." volume="5" year="2015">Edia et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: table 2 (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anoblékro">Anoblekro</normalizedToken>
= S1, Pont Ehania = Eh2, Pont
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soumié">Soumie</normalizedToken>
= S2): water temperature ca. 25 °C, pH 6.8-7.1 and bottom substrata consisting of 0-25% rocks, 10-35% gravel, 40-45% sand and 20-35% clay/mud.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="363" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
Ivory Coast (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution of Labiobaetis in West Africa." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535701" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">4b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="8" pageNumber="363" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="363">Type-material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="J. - L. Gattolliat &amp; E. O. Edia" country="Ivory Coast" latitude="5.2783337" location="Riv. Ehania" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-2.833611" municipality="Loc. Pont Ehania" specimenCode="GBIFCH00465136" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry>Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount>nymph</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality>Loc. Pont Ehania</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E:6BEFEB532479E8B0610AC68EADB4DA2D" country="Ivory Coast" latitude="5.2783337" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-2.833611" municipality="Loc. Pont Ehania" name="Riv. Ehania">Riv. Ehania</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="5.2783337">05°16'42&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-2.833611">02°50'01&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate>14.06.2008</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName>J.-L. Gattolliat</collectorName>
and
<collectorName>E.O. Edia</collectorName>
; on slide; GenBank
<accessionNumber>MH070294</accessionNumber>
;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00465136</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="J. - L. Gattolliat &amp; E. O. Edia" country="Ivory Coast" latitude="5.2783337" location="Ivory Coast" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-2.833611" municipality="Loc. Pont Ehania" specimenCode="GBIFCH00515550, GBIFCH00515551, GBIFCH00515623, GBIFCH00465137, GBIFCH00592376, GBIFCH00592408" specimenCount="21" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="363">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry>Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount>21 nymphs</specimenCount>
; same data as holotype; 18 in alcohol;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00515550</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00515551</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00515623</specimenCode>
; 3 on slides; GenBank
<accessionNumber>MH070295</accessionNumber>
;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00465137</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592376</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592408</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="E. O. Edia" latitude="5.4955554" location="Loc. Anoblekro" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-3.3708334" municipality="Riv. Soumie" specimenCode="GBIFCH00592379" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount>1 nymph</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality>
Riv.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soumié">Soumie</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E:416D3D1D6C77B16B7DDC66DADAD5F3FE" latitude="5.4955554" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-3.3708334" municipality="Riv. Soumie" name="Loc. Anoblekro">
Loc.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anoblékro">Anoblekro</normalizedToken>
</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="5.4955554">05°29'44&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-3.3708334">03°22'15&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate>01.09.2003</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName>E.O. Edia</collectorName>
; on slide;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592379</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="E. O. Edia" latitude="5.855" location="Grobiakoko" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-5.5166664" specimenCode="GBIFCH00515541, GBIFCH00515624, GBIFCH00592401, GBIFCH00592449" specimenCount="9">
<specimenCount>9 nymphs</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E:9CA9FA807F4901168AB7AEB8A0130E1F" latitude="5.855" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-5.5166664" name="Grobiakoko">Grobiakoko</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="5.855">05°51'18&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-5.5166664">05°31'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate>29.10.2006</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName>E.O. Edia</collectorName>
; 7 in alcohol;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00515541</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00515624</specimenCode>
; 2 on slides;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592401</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592449</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="E. O. Edia" latitude="6.3744445" location="Gore" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-6.574167" specimenCode="GBIF CH 00515545, GBIFCH00592738" specimenCount="15">
<specimenCount>15 nymphs</specimenCount>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goré">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E:25A406C8020117E21AD96F2F4B668F0F" latitude="6.3744445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-6.574167" name="Gore">Gore</location>
</normalizedToken>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="6.3744445">06°22'28&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-6.574167">06°34'27&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate>26.10.2006</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName>E.O. Edia</collectorName>
; 14 in alcohol;
<specimenCode>
GBIF
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="364" start="start">CH</pageBreakToken>
00515545
</specimenCode>
; 1 on slide;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592738</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="J. - L. Gattolliat &amp; E. O. Edia" location="Abidjan" municipality="Loc. Reserve Naturelle Banco" specimenCode="GBIFCH00465139, GBIFCH00465140" specimenCount="2">
<specimenCount>2 nymphs</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality>
Loc.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
Naturelle Banco
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E:26E2CEA8E1F074965C0BA9B06D574B3C" municipality="Loc. Reserve Naturelle Banco" name="Abidjan">Abidjan</location>
, station aval;
<collectingDate>18.06.2008</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName>J.-L. Gattolliat</collectorName>
and
<collectorName>E.O. Edia</collectorName>
; on slides;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00465139</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00465140</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="E. O. Edia" latitude="5.2783337" location="Pont Ehania" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-2.8338888" municipality="Riv. Ehania" specimenCode="GBIFCH00515605, GBIFCH00592457" specimenCount="5">
<specimenCount>5 nymphs</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality>Riv. Ehania</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E:18C3C9A3E71BB664FF1C2CB427FCF6F9" latitude="5.2783337" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-2.8338888" municipality="Riv. Ehania" name="Pont Ehania">Pont Ehania</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="5.2783337">05°16'42&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-2.8338888">02°50'02&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate>12.03.2005</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName>E.O. Edia</collectorName>
; 4 in alcohol;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00515605</specimenCode>
; 1 on slide;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592457</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="E. O. Edia" country="Ivory Coast" latitude="5.2783337" location="Loc. Pont Soumie" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-2.8338888" municipality="Riv. Ehania" specimenCode="GBIFCH00515612, GBIFCH00592733" specimenCount="11">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Other material.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry>Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount>11 nymphs</specimenCount>
;
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E:C423F0705FB63537142E32703E7ACD24" country="Ivory Coast" latitude="5.2783337" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-2.8338888" municipality="Riv. Ehania" name="Loc. Pont Soumie">
Loc. Pont
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soumié">Soumie</normalizedToken>
</location>
;
<geoCoordinate>05°24'53&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate>03°16'56&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; leg.
<collectorName>E.O. Edia</collectorName>
; 10 in alcohol;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00515612</specimenCode>
; 1 on slide;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592733</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="E. O. Edia" location="Loc. Affienou" municipality="Riv. Ehania" specimenCode="GBIFCH00515613, GBIFCH00592734" specimenCount="14">
<specimenCount>14 nymphs</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality>Riv. Ehania</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE697D3DE575C74A1DC1AD0AD23F65E:0AA0EAD8F080B97A2E2E904620CD0449" municipality="Riv. Ehania" name="Loc. Affienou">
Loc.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Affiénou">Affienou</normalizedToken>
</location>
;
<geoCoordinate>05°24'39&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate>02°55'43&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate>04.08.2004</collectingDate>
; leg.
<collectorName>E.O. Edia</collectorName>
; 13 in alcohol;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00515613</specimenCode>
; 1 on slide;
<specimenCode>GBIFCH00592734</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535701" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Novikova &amp; Kluge" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Labiobaetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labiobaetis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Labiobaetis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in West Africa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535702" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kaltenbach &amp; Gattolliat" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Labiobaetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labiobaetis ediai" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ediai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Labiobaetis ediai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., nymph, habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535703" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kaltenbach &amp; Gattolliat" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Labiobaetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labiobaetis ediai" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ediai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Labiobaetis ediai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., nymph morphology
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">a</emphasis>
foreleg
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">b</emphasis>
fore claw
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">c</emphasis>
tergum IV
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">d</emphasis>
gill IV
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">e</emphasis>
paraproct
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">f</emphasis>
base of antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">g</emphasis>
metanotum (left side), without hind protopteron (mature nymph). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.64885.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535704" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="364">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kaltenbach &amp; Gattolliat" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Labiobaetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labiobaetis ediai" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ediai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">Labiobaetis ediai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., nymph morphology
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">a</emphasis>
labrum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">b</emphasis>
right mandible
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">c</emphasis>
right prostheca
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">d</emphasis>
left mandible
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">e</emphasis>
left prostheca
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">f</emphasis>
hypopharynx and superlinguae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">g</emphasis>
maxilla
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="364">h</emphasis>
labium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

96
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<treatment id="8BE6D03EB8E857775C467A9AB91764F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5843446" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164008695" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5843446" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE6D03EB8E857775C467A9AB91764F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BE6D03EB8E857775C467A9AB91764F0" lastPageNumber="591" pageNumber="590">
<subSubSection id="9133A11B1256564BB3673FE9076E1C53" pageNumber="590" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A75CBF7C369FCE90C798FDE598B74F8" pageNumber="590">
<treatmentCitation id="01611BE419F194B1910630C615F5DCA1" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="883" year="1753">
<bibCitation id="70955A93554E15CF6D86C9744A1ACB22" author="Linnaeus" pagination="883" title="Inula crithmoides" volumeTitle="Species Plantarum 2" year="1753">
<taxonomicName id="5F6A1F5F9D425DECAD6BC14D2DCFF082" ID-CoL="3PT4C" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Inula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crithmoides">
<emphasis id="41A5530012257FC498A048138F9011F1" bold="true" pageNumber="590">Inula crithmoides</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<volumeTitle id="18D83DF66722C46C7429678267CF477F">
<emphasis id="49EEE72C92825B237E9E0967A73F90FE" italics="true" pageNumber="590">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
2
</volumeTitle>
: 883. 1753
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25D1CFCA14B30BCF8D9940556CBA1462" pageNumber="590" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="724E313FE8FA3DFE8424E7E3C309AB33" pageNumber="590">&quot;Habitat in Angliae, Galliae, Lusitaniae, Hispaniae maritimis.&quot; RCN: 6389.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9AB84A8480B624EE768EBA6018D6BA9" pageNumber="591" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="34D7C184CD3BF9EA4E6E7071A5B14818" pageNumber="591">
<materialsCitation id="B31A14F6349EF429F90113DB8ABBA762" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2611988350" collectionCode="LINN" specimenCode="999.34" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="3D80FA1F688C0C6FD71CC066589F5026">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Anderberg in Jarvis &amp; Turland in
<emphasis id="2E9C118E960C3442B5EFD6B06294449F" italics="true" pageNumber="591">Taxon</emphasis>
47: 363. 1998): Herb. Linn. No. 999.34 (
<collectionCode id="D22C968F4DA762E29F036656284A26B4">LINN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E00CE676C8C0A9D8E933FC816A77B8B2" pageNumber="591" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="39E0F023FA0F190C4CC8210CA81BB50E" pageNumber="591">
Current name:
<taxonomicName id="DACF83C21C946A6FC1ED27660CCF408F" ID-CoL="6QBG9" authority="(L.) Dumort." authorityName="Dumort." baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Limbarda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crithmoides">
<emphasis id="92B7C19A282D0B046035CDAF80787BC5" italics="true" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="3E6CE9D9C7B02FF71BF054F99F623559" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="591">Limbarda crithmoides</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(L.) Dumort.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CEC6865107E9D375AF199E943FABD140" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26EEE515AD0C138DE928CA9243FEB32D" pageNumber="591" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2B57924773B7831C513ED2827C3F1CBC" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="2E24C7FA6225A0E1AAEF497BC0A8DA4A" italics="true" pageNumber="591">Note:</emphasis>
Alavi (in Jafri &amp; El-Gadi,
<emphasis id="27CD3AAAB02C2898FB9793186C1DED22" italics="true" pageNumber="591">Fl. Libya</emphasis>
107: 76. 1983) indicated both LINN and Clifford (BM) material as the type, but as these collections are not part of a single gathering, Art. 9.15 does not apply.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225830" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-85-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BC3A0DD321C058C6A99F06DF005BF07B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="899107" ModsDocID="1314-2003-85-45" checkinTime="1572793630789" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Campos-Rocha, Antonio, Meerow, Alan William, Lopes, Edimar Faria Menezes, Semir, Joao, Mayer, Juliana Lischka Sampaio &amp; Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette" docDate="2017" docId="8BE6FFF0CC36E7BD09B58B606658F41D" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 85: 45-58" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 85" docPubDate="2017-08-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369" docTitle="Eithea lagopaivae Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="BC3A0DD321C058C6A99F06DF005BF07B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="BC3A0DD321C058C6A99F06DF005BF07B" masterDocTitle="Eithea lagopaivae, a new critically endangered species in the previously monotypic genus Eithea Ravenna (Amaryllidaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="45" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1643487263239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Eithea lagopaivae, a new critically endangered species in the previously monotypic genus Eithea Ravenna (Amaryllidaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Campos-Rocha, Antonio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postal Code 6109, 13083 - 970, Campinas, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camposrocha@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Meerow, Alan William</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>USDA-ARS-SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, Florida 33158, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lopes, Edimar Faria Menezes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postal Code 6109, 13083 - 970, Campinas, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Semir, Joao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postal Code 6109, 13083 - 970, Campinas, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mayer, Juliana Lischka Sampaio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postal Code 6109, 13083 - 970, Campinas, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dutilh, Julie Henriette Antoinette</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Postal Code 6109, 13083 - 970, Campinas, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number>85</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-85-45</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE6FFF0CC36E7BD09B58B606658F41D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BE6FFF0CC36E7BD09B58B606658F41D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77165357-1" authority="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae" status="sp. nov.">Eithea lagopaivae Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Eithea lagopaivae A Habit in flower B Detail of leaf venation C Spathe bracts D Flower with perigone removed, showing stamens and style E Sepals and petals F Tips of sepals and petals F 1 Upper sepal F 2 Lateral petal F 3 Lateral sepal F 4 Lower petal G Detail of fimbriae of the paraperigone H Stigma I Longitudinal section of the ovary J Cross section of the ovary K Habit in fruit L Fruit M Seed." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153276" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Eithea lagopaivae A Typical habitat (October 2016) B Individual plant flowering amid trash dumped at type locality C Flowering plant (Campos-Rocha 1647) D Flower buds E Flower, frontal view (Bernacci 4483) F Flower buds and flowers (Campos-Rocha 1654) G Plants in fruit H Mature capsule exposing the seeds I Seed (elaiosome indicated by the arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153277" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Eithea blumenavia A Flowering plants in habitat B Lateral view of inflorescence C Detail of spathe bracts D Bracteoles (white arrow) E Sepals and petals (adaxial view) separated from stamens and style. B-E of Campos-Rocha 1624, UEC." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153278" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">3</figureCitation>
) by its smaller size, one flowered inflorescence (vs. 2-6, very rarely 1), a fully hollow scape (vs. solid in the lower fifth), terminated by spathe bracts fused for more than the lower fifth of their length (vs. free or fused up to the lower fifth), absence of bracteoles (vs. presence), white or only very lightly striated flowers (vs. strongly striated) and lateral and lower petals of similar width (vs. lateral petals up to twice the width of the lower).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-12-07" collectorName="A. Campos-Rocha" country="BRAZIL" location="Piracicaba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo
</collectingRegion>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE6FFF0CC36E7BD09B58B606658F41D:8C7C8AB96A9DCF2F1B70DC2D4B8795FE" country="BRAZIL" name="Piracicaba" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Piracicaba</location>
, sub-bosque de uma
<normalizedToken originalValue="plantação">plantacao</normalizedToken>
comercial de
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
abandonada,
<collectingDate value="2016-12-07">07 Dec 2016</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<collectorName>A. Campos-Rocha</collectorName>
1654
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: UEC!; isotypes: NA!, RB!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
Geophytic herb 12-25 cm tall. Bulb subterranean, globose to ovoid or obovoid, tunicate, whitish or with a thin grey-brownish outer tunic, 1.3-3.5 cm long and 1.2-3 cm diameter; neck formed by sheathing leaf bases up to 4.5 cm long and 3-8 mm diameter (occasionally very short to absent). Leaves 1-3(-4), suberect, dark green adaxially, pale green abaxially, frequently pseudopetiolate; pseudopetiole flattened adaxially, rounded abaxially, greenish, with reddish pigmentation near the base or throughout its length, up to 9.5 cm long, 2-5.5 mm wide; lamina linear, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate to slightly falcate, apex acute, frequently asymmetric, base attenuate, margin flat, venation transverse reticulate (with short transverse veins between the longitudinal ones), midrib inconspicuous adaxially, prominent abaxially, 8-20.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.1-2.6 cm. Inflorescence one flowered; scape erect, cylindrical, slightly laterally compressed, hollow and fragile, greenish, sometimes with reddish pigmentation near the base, 7.8-30 cm long and 2.4-6 mm diameter, elongating and becoming decumbent with fructification; spathe bracts 2, tubular, fused in the basal 0.4-2.4 cm, apex acute, whitish, generally light rose colored at the tip before opening, turning papery, 1.7-3.8 cm long. Pedicels greenish, (0.3-)1.3-5.5 cm long, often elongating with fructification to 6.5 cm long. Perigone campanulate to infundibular, white (in bud white with a rose colored tip), usually with faint thin magenta striations on the sepals and petals, especially on the upper sepal, with greenish pigmentation near the base, mostly close to the midrib, 3-5.8 cm long; hypanthium greenish, 2-4.5 mm long, paraperigone of fimbriae 0.5-2 mm long at the throat. Sepals much wider than the petals, oblanceolate to obovate, the upper one wider and longer, apex acute, apicule subapical; upper 2.7-5.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2.4 cm, apicule 0.8-2 mm long; lateral 2.5-5.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.6-2 cm, apicule 0.6-1.4 mm long. Petals oblanceolate, apicule inconspicuous or absent; lateral 2.5-5.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.6-1.4 cm; lower slightly narrower, 2.5-5.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-1.2 cm. Filaments 6, in four different lengths, inserted at the mouth of the hypanthium tube, shorter than limb segments, declinate-ascending, free portion white; upper episepal 1.1-2.5 cm long; lateral episepal 1-2.2 cm long; lateral epipetal 1.7-4 cm long; lower
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="48" start="start">epipetal</pageBreakToken>
1.6-3.8 cm long. Anthers oblong to oblong-reniform, dorsifixed, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally, 2.5-5 mm long before anthesis; pollen pale yellow. Ovary trilocular, obtuse trigonal, obovoid, greenish, 3.5-9 mm long and 3-8 mm diameter;
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="49" start="start">8</pageBreakToken>
-14 ovules per locule; ovules 0.6-1 mm long. Style declinate-ascending, white, occasionally with greenish pigmentation near the base, 2.6-5 cm long; stigma trifid, white, lobes already expanded when the flower opens, occasionally of different lengths, 1.5-4.5 mm long. Fruit capsule loculicidal, globose to globose-compressed trilobed, greenish when ripe, occasionally with reddish pigmentation, cream colored inner side, 1-2.5 cm long and 1.2-2.6 cm diameter. Seeds irregular, angular, with grey brownish to black testa containing phytomelanin, 3.5-6 mm long and 3-5.5 mm diameter, with wrinkled elaiosome up to 4.5 mm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Distribution, habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only two small populations separated about 50 km, each composed of less than 50 individuals. The type population (Piracicaba) occurs in the understory of an abandoned
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plan
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="50" start="start">tation</pageBreakToken>
, next to fragments of deciduous and semideciduous forest, where the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Corumbataí">Corumbatai</normalizedToken>
river meets the Piracicaba river. The second is located in a small fragment of semideciduous forest, near the junction of the basins of the Piracicaba and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tietê">Tiete</normalizedToken>
rivers in the municipality of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tietê">Tiete</normalizedToken>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution map showing collections of Eithea lagopaivae (red circles) and E. blumenavia (black diamonds). PR = Parana. SC = Santa Catarina. SP = Sao Paulo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153279" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">4</figureCitation>
). Both fragments are located on gravelly soils of litholic limestone origin (
<bibRefCitation author="Oliveira, JB" journalOrPublisher="Darwinia" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" refId="B28" refString="Oliveira, JB, Prado, H, 1989. Carta pedologica semidetalhada do Estado de Sao Paulo: folha de Piracicaba. Instituto Agronomico de Campinas, Campinas." title="Carta pedologica semidetalhada do Estado de Sao Paulo: folha de Piracicaba. Instituto Agronomico de Campinas, Campinas." year="1989">Oliveira and Prado 1989</bibRefCitation>
). The region presents a well-defined seasonality, with total annual rainfall of 1230 mm and precipitation of 50 mm or less, for six months, during autumn and winter. During spring and summer, rainfall exceeds 100 mm for six months, reaching close to 250 mm in January (
<bibRefCitation author="EMBRAPA" journalOrPublisher="Andrea Jakobsson Estudio, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" publicationUrl="http://www.bdclima.cnpm.embrapa.br" refId="B10" refString="EMBRAPA, 2003. (2003) Banco de dados climaticos do Brasil. http://www.bdclima.cnpm.embrapa.br" title="(2003) Banco de dados climaticos do Brasil." url="http://www.bdclima.cnpm.embrapa.br" year="2003">EMBRAPA 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Ants were observed removing elaiosomes from the seeds of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their natural habitat, indicating that these animals might be dispersal agents, as is known for
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Griffinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Griffinia" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Griffinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected in bloom between October and January, and occasional blooming occurs until early March. Fruits have been observed from November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
With estimated AOO of 8 km2 and EOO of 13.7 km2,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be considered as Critically Endangered [CR, B1ab(iii) + B2ab(iii)], due to the low number of known locations (≤ 5) and decline in quality of habitat (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN, Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="Herbertia" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B19" refString="IUCN, Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2016. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In the municipality of Piracicaba, at the end of the year 2016, when the species was again visited, two small scattered groups were encountered ca. 500 meters apart. The smaller of the two groups was in a trash dump on the side of the wooded area, and the second in an area of higher humidity, near a small stream. This fragment,
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="51" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
the edge of the urban sprawl of Piracicaba, is highly disturbed and subject to regular episodes of fire. The population of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tietê">Tiete</normalizedToken>
municipality is in a slightly larger fragment of semideciduous forest with an impoverished understory, intense edge effects, with many lianas and invasive exotics. The area is located within a livestock breeding facility.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">The epithet is a tribute to Celso do Lago Paiva, environmental analyst at ICMBio, who has collected the plant for the first time and has dedicated his life to the study and conservation of the flora of Brazil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-03-18" collectingDateMax="2017-03-03" collectingDateMin="1999-03-18" collectorName="J. Dutilh, A. Campos-Rocha, R. M. Goffi, L. C. Bernacci" country="BRAZIL" location="Piracicaba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo">
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo
</collectingRegion>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BE6FFF0CC36E7BD09B58B606658F41D:CEFA2A340D0FFA310F4A37289D7ED4EE" country="BRAZIL" name="Piracicaba" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Piracicaba</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1999-03-18">18 Mar 1999</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>J. Dutilh</collectorName>
</emphasis>
s.n. (UEC-170468!);
<collectingDate value="1999-11-17">17 Nov 1999</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>J. Dutilh</collectorName>
</emphasis>
s.n. (UEC-174104!);
<collectingDate value="1999-11-29">29 Nov 1999</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>J. Dutilh</collectorName>
</emphasis>
s.n. (UEC-174105!); em cultivo no Jardim
<normalizedToken originalValue="Botânico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
Plantarum, Nova Odessa-SP,
<collectingDate value="2012-10-10">10 Oct 2012</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>A. Campos-Rocha</collectorName>
810
</emphasis>
(NA!, RB!, UEC!); em cultivo em Campinas-SP,
<collectingDate value="2013-10-10">10 Oct 2013</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>A. Campos-Rocha</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>J. Dutilh</collectorName>
1165
</emphasis>
(NA!, UEC!);
<normalizedToken originalValue="plantação">plantacao</normalizedToken>
abandonada de
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingDate value="2016-10-09">09 Oct 2016</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>A. Campos-Rocha</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>R.M. Goffi</collectorName>
1626
</emphasis>
(UEC!);
<normalizedToken originalValue="plantação">plantacao</normalizedToken>
de
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
abandonada,
<collectingDate value="2016-11-20">20 Nov 2016</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>A. Campos-Rocha</collectorName>
1647
</emphasis>
(NA!, UEC!).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tietê">Tiete</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingDate value="2001-11-20">20 Nov 2001</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>J. Dutilh</collectorName>
</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>L.C. Bernacci</collectorName>
</emphasis>
s.n. (UEC-170469!);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName>L.C. Bernacci</collectorName>
et al. 4483
</emphasis>
, fragmento de floresta
<normalizedToken originalValue="semidecídua">semidecidua</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingDate value="2017-03-03">03 Mar 2017</collectingDate>
(IAC!, UEC!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a clade with maximal support in all phylogenetic analyses performed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.003" author="Garcia, N" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" pagination="231 - 247" refId="B13" refString="Garcia, N, Folk, RA, Meerow, AW, Chamala, S, Gitzendanner, MA, Oliveira, RS, Soltis, DE, Soltis, PS, 2017. Deep reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting obscure the diploid phylogeny of rain-lilies and allies (Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 111: 231 - 247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.003" title="Deep reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting obscure the diploid phylogeny of rain-lilies and allies (Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.003" volume="111" year="2017">
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a number of characteristics (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Ecological, morphological and anatomic character states that distinguish Eithea lagopaivae from E. blumenavia. CS = cross section." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12ADAA1BA4E1BCF1B3BC80E58EDD1A2C" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="12ADAA1BA4E1BCF1B3BC80E58EDD1A2C">1</tableCitation>
). It is a smaller plant (ca. 12-25 cm), usually with 2-3 leaves, rarely 4, which are deciduous before the onset of winter.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ravenna" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="K. Koch &amp; C. D. Bouché ex Carrière" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Eithea blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
however is evergreen, with 2-8 leaves, and up to 50 cm in height, although specimens of extremely reduced size are known, also with several flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from an area originally of deciduous and semideciduous forests with a well-defined dry season. In turn,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in wetlands of the Atlantic rainforest, from the south of the state of
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo to eastern Santa Catarina (
<bibRefCitation author="Dutilh, JHA" editor="Forzza, RC" journalOrPublisher="Andrea Jakobsson Estudio, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" pagination="842 - 847" refId="B8" refString="Dutilh, JHA, 2010. Amaryllidaceae. In: Forzza, RC, Baumgratz, JFA, Bicudo, CEM, Carvalho, AA, Costa, A, Costa, DP, Hopkins, M, Leitman, PM, Lohmann, LG, Maia, LC, Martinelli, G, Menezes, M, Morim, MP, Coelho, MAN, Peixoto, AL, Pirani, JR, Prado, J, Queiroz, LP, Souza, VC, Stehmann, JR, Sylvestre, LS, Walter, BMT, Zappi, D, Eds., Catalogo das plantas e fungos do Brasil, volume 1. Andrea Jakobsson Estudio, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro: 842 - 847" title="Amaryllidaceae." volumeTitle="Catalogo das plantas e fungos do Brasil, volume 1." year="2010">Dutilh 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Dutilh, JHA" journalOrPublisher="Andrea Jakobsson Estudio, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" publicationUrl="http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB43" refId="B9" refString="Dutilh, JHA, Oliveira, RS, 2015. Amaryllidaceae. In: Lista de especies da flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB43" title="Amaryllidaceae. In: Lista de especies da flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro." url="http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/jabot/floradobrasil/FB43" year="2015">Dutilh and Oliveira 2015</bibRefCitation>
) (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution map showing collections of Eithea lagopaivae (red circles) and E. blumenavia (black diamonds). PR = Parana. SC = Santa Catarina. SP = Sao Paulo." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153279" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">4</figureCitation>
), especially in the coastal mountains. The region has some of the highest average annual rainfall (1650 mm) of any area of extra-Amazonian Brazil, distributed throughout the year, but more intensely during the summer, although with an average under 200 mm/month. From April to July, monthly averages are close to 100 mm (
<bibRefCitation author="EMBRAPA" journalOrPublisher="Andrea Jakobsson Estudio, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" publicationUrl="http://www.bdclima.cnpm.embrapa.br" refId="B10" refString="EMBRAPA, 2003. (2003) Banco de dados climaticos do Brasil. http://www.bdclima.cnpm.embrapa.br" title="(2003) Banco de dados climaticos do Brasil." url="http://www.bdclima.cnpm.embrapa.br" year="2003">EMBRAPA 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ravenna" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="K. Koch &amp; C. D. Bouché ex Carrière" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Eithea blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered an Endangered (EN) species (
<bibRefCitation author="MMA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cellular Biology," pageId="9" pageNumber="54" publicationUrl="http://sintse.tse.jus.br/documentos/2014/Dez/18/portaria-no-443-de-17-de-dezembro-de-2014" refId="B22" refString="MMA, 2014. (2014) Portaria n° 443, de 17 de dezembro de 2014. Lista Nacional Oficial de Especies da Flora Ameacadas de Extincao. http://sintse.tse.jus.br/documentos/2014/Dez/18/portaria-no-443-de-17-de-dezembro-de-2014" title="(2014) Portaria n ° 443, de 17 de dezembro de 2014. Lista Nacional Oficial de Especies da Flora Ameacadas de Extincao." url="http://sintse.tse.jus.br/documentos/2014/Dez/18/portaria-no-443-de-17-de-dezembro-de-2014" year="2014">MMA 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="anatomy">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Anatomy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
The three most obvious anatomical characteristics differentiating the two species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.Ravenna" authorityYear="2002" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Eithea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are: 1. Margins and cortex of the pseudopetiole (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">5A-B</figureCitation>
); 2. Ornamentation and shape of the epidermal cells on the adaxial side of the leaf blades (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">5C-D</figureCitation>
); 3. Presence or absence of protrusions on the upper side of the blades in the region of the midrib (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">5I-J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
Cross section of pseudopetiole margins of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are flatter, more laminar (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">5A</figureCitation>
, arrow) than those of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are angular (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">5B</figureCitation>
, arrow). The pseudopetiole is composed by chlorenchyma, aerenchyma and vascular bundles. In
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1-3 aerenchyma lacunae were found below the vascular bundles (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">5A</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
several lacunae above and below the bundles could be observed (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">5B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="52" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
the cross section of leaf lamina, epidermal cells were more elongated in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and polyhedral in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5C-D</figureCitation>
, respectively). We found periclinal thickening on the outer wall of the epidermal cells of both species as occurs in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Hippeastrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hippeastrum puniceum" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="puniceum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Hippeastrum puniceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lam.) Kuntze (
<bibRefCitation author="Alves-Araujo, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista Caatinga" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" pagination="68 - 81" refId="B1" refString="Alves-Araujo, A, Pessoa, E, Alves, M, 2012. Caracterizacao morfoanatomica de especies de Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. do Nordeste brasileiro. Revista Caatinga 25 (4): 68 - 81" title="Caracterizacao morfoanatomica de especies de Amaryllidaceae s. s. e Alliaceae s. s. do Nordeste brasileiro." volume="25" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alves-Araújo">Alves-Araujo</normalizedToken>
et al. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Ornamentation of the external periclinal epidermal cell wall of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5D</figureCitation>
, arrow) was not found in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5C</figureCitation>
). Mesophyll of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of about 6-8 layers of chlorenchyma with arm-palisade cells (also called arm-cells, H-palisade or H-cells) (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5E-F</figureCitation>
), which showed their typical morphology in paradermic sections (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5G-H</figureCitation>
). Arm-cells were first described by
<bibRefCitation author="Haberlandt, G" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" refId="B16" refString="Haberlandt, G, 1880. Ueber eine eigenthuemliche Modification des Pallisadengewebes. Vorlaeufige Mittheilung. Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift 30: 305." title="Ueber eine eigenthuemliche Modification des Pallisadengewebes. Vorlaeufige Mittheilung. Oesterreichische botanische Zeitschrift 30: 305." year="1880">Haberlandt (1880)</bibRefCitation>
as a morphological modification of palisade cells and seem to be more common in plants of forest understory, probably increasing photosynthetic capacity (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/673241" author="Chatelet, DS" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Plant Sciences" pageId="9" pageNumber="54" pagination="1277 - 1291" refId="B6" refString="Chatelet, DS, Clement, WL, Sack, L, Donoghue, MJ, Edwards, EJ, 2013. The evolution of photosynthetic anatomy in Viburnum (Adoxaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 174 (9): 1277 - 1291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/673241" title="The evolution of photosynthetic anatomy in Viburnum (Adoxaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/673241" volume="174" year="2013">Chatelet et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). In the midrib region, the lacunae of the aerenchyma were larger and wider in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5I-J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
A protrusion on the abaxial leaf surface opposite the central vascular bundle was evidenced in both species (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5I-J</figureCitation>
, arrows) and the parenchyma cells in this region were regular and rounded. However, adaxial surface of the leaf in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was flat (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5I</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it was possible to observe two protrusions opposite to the vascular bundles adjacent to the midrib (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Comparative leaf anatomy of Eithea lagopaivae and E. blumenavia. A Cross section of the pseudopetiole of E. lagopaivae and B E. blumenavia C Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of E. lagopaivae and D E. blumenavia E Cross section of the leaf blade of E. lagopaivae and F E. blumenavia G Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in E. lagopaivae and H E. blumenavia (slide of stained fresh material) I Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of E. lagopaivae and J E. blumenavia. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500 µm (A, B); 10 µm (C, D), 50 µm (E, F), 20 µm (G, H); 200 µm (I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">5J</figureCitation>
, arrowheads). The alternation of aerenchyma with vascular bundles found in
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.Ravenna" authorityYear="2002" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Eithea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species was described for other species of the family (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4108592" author="Arroyo, SC" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" pagination="467 - 498" refId="B3" refString="Arroyo, SC, Cutler, DF, 1984. Evolutionary and taxonomic aspects of the internal morphology in Amaryllidaceae from South America and southern Africa. Kew Bulletin 39 (3): 467 - 498, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4108592" title="Evolutionary and taxonomic aspects of the internal morphology in Amaryllidaceae from South America and southern Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4108592" volume="39" year="1984">Arroyo and Cutler 1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399347" author="Meerow, AW" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" pagination="136 - 220" refId="B23" refString="Meerow, AW, 1989. Systematics of the Amazon lilies, Eucharis and Caliphruria (Amaryllidaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 76 (1): 136 - 220, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399347" title="Systematics of the Amazon lilies, Eucharis and Caliphruria (Amaryllidaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399347" volume="76" year="1989">Meerow 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Raymundez, MB" journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Venezuelica" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" pagination="69 - 87" refId="B32" refString="Raymundez, MB, Xena, de Enrech N, Escala, M, 2000. Estudios morfoanatomicos foliares en especies del genero Hymenocallis Salisb. (Amaryllidaceae) presentes en Venezuela: relacion entre los caracteres morfoanatomicos foliares y el ambiente en el que se desarrollan las plantas. Acta Botanica Venezuelica 23 (1): 69 - 87" title="Estudios morfoanatomicos foliares en especies del genero Hymenocallis Salisb. (Amaryllidaceae) presentes en Venezuela: relacion entre los caracteres morfoanatomicos foliares y el ambiente en el que se desarrollan las plantas." volume="23" year="2000">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Raymúndez">Raymundez</normalizedToken>
et al. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Alves-Araujo, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista Caatinga" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" pagination="68 - 81" refId="B1" refString="Alves-Araujo, A, Pessoa, E, Alves, M, 2012. Caracterizacao morfoanatomica de especies de Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. do Nordeste brasileiro. Revista Caatinga 25 (4): 68 - 81" title="Caracterizacao morfoanatomica de especies de Amaryllidaceae s. s. e Alliaceae s. s. do Nordeste brasileiro." volume="25" year="2012">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="53" start="start">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alves-Araújo">Alves-Araujo</normalizedToken>
</pageBreakToken>
et al. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.Ravenna" authorityYear="2002" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lacunae of aerenchyma in the pseudopetiole and leaf blade may have been originated by lysis, as suggested for
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Griffinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Griffinia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Griffinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1824" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Habranthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Habranthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Habranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Hippeastrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hippeastrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Hippeastrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="Nothoscordum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothoscordum" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Nothoscordum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth (
<bibRefCitation author="Alves-Araujo, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista Caatinga" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" pagination="68 - 81" refId="B1" refString="Alves-Araujo, A, Pessoa, E, Alves, M, 2012. Caracterizacao morfoanatomica de especies de Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. do Nordeste brasileiro. Revista Caatinga 25 (4): 68 - 81" title="Caracterizacao morfoanatomica de especies de Amaryllidaceae s. s. e Alliaceae s. s. do Nordeste brasileiro." volume="25" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alves-Araújo">Alves-Araujo</normalizedToken>
et al. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
); however leaf development studies are needed to confirm this hypotheses.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994209" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153276" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Habit in flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
Detail of leaf venation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Spathe bracts
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
Flower with perigone removed, showing stamens and style
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
Sepals and petals
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">F</emphasis>
Tips of sepals and petals
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">F1</emphasis>
Upper sepal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">F2</emphasis>
Lateral petal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">F3</emphasis>
Lateral sepal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">F4</emphasis>
Lower petal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">G</emphasis>
Detail of fimbriae of the paraperigone
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
Stigma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">I</emphasis>
Longitudinal section of the ovary
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">J</emphasis>
Cross section of the ovary
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">K</emphasis>
Habit in fruit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">L</emphasis>
Fruit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">M</emphasis>
Seed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994211" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153277" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Typical habitat (October 2016)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
Individual plant flowering amid trash dumped at type locality
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Flowering plant (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Campos-Rocha 1647</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
Flower buds
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
Flower, frontal view (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Bernacci 4483</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">F</emphasis>
Flower buds and flowers (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Campos-Rocha 1654</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">G</emphasis>
Plants in fruit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
Mature capsule exposing the seeds
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">I</emphasis>
Seed (elaiosome indicated by the arrow).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994213" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153278" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ravenna" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="K. Koch &amp; C. D. Bouché ex Carrière" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Flowering plants in habitat
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
Lateral view of inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Detail of spathe bracts
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
Bracteoles (white arrow)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
Sepals and petals (adaxial view) separated from stamens and style.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">B-E</emphasis>
of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Campos-Rocha 1624</emphasis>
, UEC.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994215" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153279" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map showing collections of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red circles) and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black diamonds). PR =
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
. SC = Santa Catarina. SP =
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="12ADAA1BA4E1BCF1B3BC80E58EDD1A2C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/12ADAA1BA4E1BCF1B3BC80E58EDD1A2C" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Table 1.</emphasis>
Ecological, morphological and anatomic character states that distinguish
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. CS = cross section.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<table pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Character state</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ravenna" authorityYear="2002" baseAuthorityName="K. Koch &amp; C. D. Bouché ex Carrière" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Habitat</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Semideciduous and deciduous forest</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Rain forest</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Foliage</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Deciduous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Perennial, rarely deciduous</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Scape</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Fully hollow</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Solid in lower fifth</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Spathe bracts</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Fused more than 1/5th basally</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Free to fused for up to 1/5th basally</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Bracteoles</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Present</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">No. flowers per inflorescence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">2-6, rarely 1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Perigone color</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">White, sometimes with a few magenta striations</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">White with many conspicuous, magenta striations</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Width ratio of lateral to lower petals</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">4:4 to 4:3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">4:3 to 4:2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Pseudopetiole margins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Laminar</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Angular</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Adaxial epiderm cells (leaf blade) in CS</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Elongated rectangular</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Polyhedral</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Ornamentation of external periclinal epidermal cell wall (leaf blade)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Present</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Adaxial surface in the midrib region (leaf blade) in CS</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">Flat</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" rowspan="1">2 protrusions</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994217" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/153280" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Comparative leaf anatomy of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Campos-Rocha &amp; Dutilh" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Eithea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eithea lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">Eithea lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Cross section of the pseudopetiole of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Cross section detail of the adaxial epidermis of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
Cross section of the leaf blade of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">G</emphasis>
Longitudinal paradermic section detail of the leaf blade, showing the arm-cells of the chlorenchyma in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(slide of stained fresh material)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">I</emphasis>
Cross section of the leaf blade in the midrib region of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lagopaivae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="lagopaivae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. lagopaivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Alliaceae" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. blumenavia" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="blumenavia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E. blumenavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. * = arm-cell; ab = abaxial epidermis; ad = adaxial epidermis; ae = aerenchyma; ep = epidermis; vb = vascular bundle. Scales bars: 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">A, B</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">C, D</emphasis>
), 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">E, F</emphasis>
), 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">G, H</emphasis>
); 200
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="53">I, J</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>