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<document id="70AE34B7FAC8EE5397DD6D3185A39EFA" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixac004" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8315589" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1693833223787" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hinojosa, Joan C., Tóth, János P., Monasterio, Yeray, Mesa, Luis Sánchez, Muñoz Sariot, Miguel G., Escobés, Ruth & Vila, Roger" docDate="2022" docId="E91FCC48FFEBFFCBF0B5FA09B3CC4B2F" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.6.2.1.1-9.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac004" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.9:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melitaea pseudornata" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="1526B430FFEFFFCDF027FFE5B17A4C0F" masterDocTitle="Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Melitaea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Species Widely Distributed in the Iberian Peninsula" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1733788802688" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FC116542BFA9BFA790C89279245189E3">Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Melitaea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Species Widely Distributed in the Iberian Peninsula</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A58B918ACFA644DEC405EF16F5599EA">Hinojosa, Joan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E26B4F04B89577DE8A81B5E0D01AD91">Institut de; iologia Evolutiva (@ SI @ - UPF), Passeig Marítim de la; arceloneta 37 - 49,08003,; arcelona, Spain,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E3AE72DE9B9705D474BF37A5283C553C">Tóth, János P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C0BF1DBAA17150AF3E669925F6E8DEA0">H- 2373 Dabas, Hungary,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C0B68029D53EEE640D81E52A0550C08B">Monasterio, Yeray</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="117C898F8DE75DB4B2CA42DAAE1B22EC">Mesa, Luis Sánchez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="934A26E6DED5A64201E6DA6B71E5EB53">@ alle Santa @ lara 8 - 4 @, 18007, Granada, Spain,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6482A853BFEAEEDC9B8EAA262713D0EF">Muñoz Sariot, Miguel G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE8EDB97F3EA833E051421B0EFCEA592">Avenida Paraíso 6,1823, Atarfe (Granada), Spain, and</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B6A7164650CD2A08CA629AAFC8257E9">Escobés, Ruth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="19D3D3FBFF6C3FACA3603225BECDE71B">Asociación Española para la Protección de las Mariposas y su Medio (ZERYNTHIA), @ alle Madre de Dios 14 - 7 D, 26004, Logroño, Spain,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="92293DAFA4A32FCE7C59B56BDD2CB54B">Vila, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA022E05607AC9EC8FB3195E1FBE912A">Institut de; iologia Evolutiva (@ SI @ - UPF), Passeig Marítim de la; arceloneta 37 - 49,08003,; arcelona, Spain,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6FDB42E4A187F2343E98A9CECDCCFFBC" type="email">roger.vila@csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A5E4F29544B313BC40704D23B8CC3EC3">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B0BAC9FB66033EC54E842F0AF8569046">
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<mods:date id="1B3FD4E597C6A2E2AC42604A4A7C995B">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="287D2371258C3FCCBAA8DE608E7E5DFA">2022-03-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="57DDE940D4EA61BA27C781DE828B9B2E">6</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="EE4BB1EEB7A90F1795CF856F2C085D81">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="2FA4A4F91241E7D70487767C17B4FC08">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixac004</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A9C17CA22A3110C5FAA6735B825B7794">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="643A9B0DC5D642519DD48E2DE371BA00" type="DOI">10.1093/isd/ixac004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="75C969DBBA0B29C814FDB99426B62161" type="ISSN">2399-3421</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C64F3D96B7011C056124CC58D325051" type="Zenodo-Dep">8315589</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E91FCC48FFEBFFCBF0B5FA09B3CC4B2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E91FCC48FFEBFFCBF0B5FA09B3CC4B2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E91FCC48FFEBFFCBF0B5FA09B3CC4B2F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="29AC2ED5FFEBFFC9F0B5FA09B03F4A2C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEBFFC9F0B5FA09B03F4A2C" blockId="4.[146,610,1516,1571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="3A41CA32FFEBFFC9F0B5FA09B03F4A2C" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="6">
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Notes About Morphocogy and Ecocogy of
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||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F0B5F9E9B03F4A2C" authority="Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, 2019" box="[146,325,1548,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F0B5F9E9B03F4A2C" box="[146,325,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="29AC2ED5FFEBFFC8F0B5F9CAB0564B92" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEBFFC9F0B5F9CAB3C24B1F" blockId="4.[146,770,1583,1808]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F0B5F9CAB0304A4C" box="[146,330,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Larval Morphology.</emphasis>
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Black with white dots and black head until the last stage (L7), when it turns orange; nevertheless, localls some in - dividuals retain the black head in the last stage (Sánchez Mesa and Muñoz Sariot 2017). In south -eastern Iberia (Baetic Ssstem), caterpil - lars have orange scoli (Sánchez Mesa and Muñoz Sariot 2017, Muñoz Sariot and Sánchez Mesa 2019a). In northern Iberia, larvae have black scoli and present an orange lateral stripe, similar to the Iberian speci - mens of
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<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F0F9F918B0454B1F" box="[222,319,1788,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F0F9F918B0454B1F" box="[222,319,1788,1808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. phoebe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="F98D61DBFFEBFFC9F16CF919B0044B1F" box="[331,382,1788,1808]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1219,1236]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,150,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-376@5.[154,1434,147,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Pickures of khe norkhern and soukhern forms of Melitaea pseudornata stat. nov. and of Melitaea phoebe. An approximake diskribukion of M. pseudornata based on khe sequenced specimens is given; popucakions in easkern and soukhern Iberia are apparenkcy more scakkered and reskricked ko mounkain ranges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315601/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), although sometimes vers diffuse.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEBFFC9F0B5F8D9B42B4A27" blockId="4.[146,770,1852,1960]" lastBlockId="4.[818,1443,1409,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F0B5F8D9B0374B5F" box="[146,333,1852,1872]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Adult Morphology.</emphasis>
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Wings were vers variable and similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F0B5F8BFB1884B62" box="[146,242,1881,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F0B5F8BFB1884B62" box="[146,242,1881,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. phoebe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Supp
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<figureCitation id="F98D61DBFFEBFFC9F117F8BCB0164B62" box="[304,364,1881,1901]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[146,173,1219,1236]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,150,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-376@5.[154,1434,147,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Pickures of khe norkhern and soukhern forms of Melitaea pseudornata stat. nov. and of Melitaea phoebe. An approximake diskribukion of M. pseudornata based on khe sequenced specimens is given; popucakions in easkern and soukhern Iberia are apparenkcy more scakkered and reskricked ko mounkain ranges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315601/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. S4</figureCitation>
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[online onls]); after a visual inspection of the wing traits partialls diagnostic between
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<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F226F89DB3FE4B84" authority="Wnd" authorityName="Wnd" box="[513,644,1911,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F226F89DB3264B85" box="[513,604,1912,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. ornata</emphasis>
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and
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F2ADF89DB3964B84" box="[650,748,1911,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
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||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F2ADF89DB3964B84" box="[650,748,1911,1931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. phoebe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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— mentioned in Russell and Tennent (2016)—no clear differential patterns were found between
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<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F479FA67B45C499A" authority="Wnd" authorityName="Wnd" box="[1118,1318,1409,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F479FA67B58D499A" box="[1118,1271,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
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and
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F514FA67B4E6499A" box="[1331,1436,1409,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F514FA67B4E6499A" box="[1331,1436,1409,1429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. phoebe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Regarding the tip of the antennae, stubbier shapes are more frequent in
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<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F36AFA58B29849DF" box="[845,994,1468,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F36AFA58B29849DF" box="[845,994,1468,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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compared to
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<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F44CFA58B44B49DF" authority=", Wlthough" authorityName="Wlthough" box="[1131,1329,1468,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
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<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F44CFA58B5AA49DF" box="[1131,1232,1468,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. phoebe</emphasis>
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, although
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</taxonomicName>
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it does not seem a fulls diagnostic trait (Sánchez Mesa and Muñoz Sariot 2017). Pictures of the wings of individuals used in this studs have been de - posited in figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare0.16832830)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEBFFC9F315F9AAB5E74BAA" blockId="4.[818,1442,1615,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F315F9AAB2D94A6D" box="[818,931,1615,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Flight Time.</emphasis>
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In the Baetic Ssstem, onls one generation was recorded (Sánchez Mesa and Muñoz Sariot 2017). Instead, we documented the presence of adults in late August in Galicia (north -western Iberia) at low altitude. In Navarre (north -central Iberia), in a localits where onls
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||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEBFFC9F347F920B2884AD7" box="[864,1010,1732,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEBFFC9F347F920B2884AD7" box="[864,1010,1732,1752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
has been recorded, biweekls adult counts con - ducted for three consecutive sears showed a consistent bi -modal shape, with peaks at end of Mas/beginning of June, and at end of Juls/beginning of August, consistent with the existence of two gen - erations (Supp Fig. S5 [online onls]). Thus, this taxon seems to be uni - or bivoltine depending on the localits, which is possibls related to the desiccation of the host plant during summer or, in high alti - tude areas, to a shorter summer period.
|
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</paragraph>
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||||
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|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEAFFC8F0B5FB26B40648E2" blockId="5.[146,1442,1219,1261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5FB26B1B948DB" bold="true" box="[146,195,1219,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Pictures of the northern and southern forms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F26AFB26B38548DB" authorityName="Hinojosa & Tóth & Monasterio & Mesa & Muñoz Sariot & Escobés & Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[589,767,1219,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata" status="stat. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F26AFB26B38548DB" box="[589,767,1219,1236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melitaea pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="48F11C37FFEAFFC8F323FB26B22B48DB" box="[772,849,1219,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F323FB26B25E48DB" bold="true" box="[772,804,1219,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">stat</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F30AFB26B23148DB" bold="true" box="[813,843,1219,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nov</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F3A9FB26B56D48DB" box="[910,1047,1219,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F3A9FB26B56D48DB" box="[910,1047,1219,1236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melitaea phoebe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. An approximate distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F506FB26B4D848DB" authorityName="Hinojosa & Tóth & Monasterio & Mesa & Muñoz Sariot & Escobés & Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[1313,1442,1219,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F506FB26B4D848DB" box="[1313,1442,1219,1236]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the sequenced specimens is given; popucations in eastern and southern Iberia are apparentcy more scattered and restricted to mountain ranges.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEAFFC8F0B5FACAB01E4994" blockId="5.[146,770,1327,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5FACAB19A494C" box="[146,224,1327,1347]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F147FAD5B0B1494C" box="[352,459,1327,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F147FAD5B0B1494C" box="[352,459,1327,1347]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. phoebe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but tspicalls inhabiting mid - mountain biotopes, between
|
||||
<quantity id="A64ED0BBFFEAFFC8F182FAA9B09E496F" box="[421,484,1356,1376]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<quantity id="A64ED0BBFFEAFFC8F23EFAA9B319496F" box="[537,611,1356,1376]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F98D61DBFFEAFFC8F254FAA9B3D0496F" box="[627,682,1356,1376]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[146,173,933,950]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,150,895]" captionTargetId="figure-590@2.[154,1434,147,898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Iberian sampcing sikes of Melitaea pseudornata skak. nov. and Melitaea phoebe. The recakionship bekween flighk kime and ackikude is depicked. Acc idenkificakions are based, ak ceask,on khe sequencing of khe wg gene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315591/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Present at sea -level in Galicia. It occupies the Atlantic and Mediterranean biogeographic regions.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEAFFC8F0B5FA2FB0864AEA" blockId="5.[146,771,1481,1765]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5FA2FB07149D2" box="[146,267,1481,1501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Host Plants.</emphasis>
|
||||
Baetic Ssstem: eggs and/or L1 larvae on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F294FA2CB30949F5" authority="(Willk.) NsmWn" authorityName="NsmWn" baseAuthorityName="Willk." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Carduus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="platypus" subSpecies="granatensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F294FA2CB19A49F4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carduus platypus</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F16AFA0DB0C949F5" box="[333,435,1512,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">granatensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Willk.) Nsman
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Asteraceae),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F0B5F9E1B0D14A17" authority="Boiss." authorityName="Boiss." box="[146,427,1540,1560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Carduncellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5F9E1B00A4A17" box="[146,368,1540,1560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Carduncellus hispanicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Boiss.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
ex D C. (Asteraceae),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F248F9E0B27B4A18" box="[623,769,1541,1560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F248F9E0B27B4A18" box="[623,769,1541,1560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cirsium arvense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.) Scop. (Asteraceae),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F15DF9C7B32A4A3A" box="[378,592,1569,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F15DF9C7B36B4A3A" box="[378,529,1569,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
|
||||
(Savi)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Ten. (Asteraceae),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F0B5F9DAB0F14A5C" box="[146,395,1599,1619]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrenaicum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5F9DAB0304A5D" box="[146,330,1599,1618]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cirsium pyrenaicum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Jacq.)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
All. (Asteraceae),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F209F9DAB1954A60" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="acaulon" subSpecies="gregarium">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F209F9DAB3BE4A5C" box="[558,708,1599,1619]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cirsium acaulon</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5F9B8B1954A60" box="[146,239,1629,1647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">gregarium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Boiss. ex D C.) Talavera (Asteraceae); caterpillars in the last instar were found in the previousls cited host plants and on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F0B5F972B0154AA4" box="[146,367,1687,1707]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Onopordum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acanthium">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5F972B0154AA4" box="[146,367,1687,1707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Onopordum acanthium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (Asteraceae) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F213F972B27B4AA4" box="[564,769,1687,1707]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Onopordum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illyricum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F213F972B27B4AA4" box="[564,769,1687,1707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Onopordum illyricum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. (Asteraceae). Navarre: L1 caterpillars on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F20AF950B1844AEA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="jacea" subSpecies="angustifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F20AF950B3BB4AC8" box="[557,705,1717,1736]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Centaurea jacea</emphasis>
|
||||
subsp.
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5F934B1844AEA" box="[146,254,1745,1765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(D C.) Gremli (Asteraceae).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEAFFC8F0B5F8F1B0564B92" blockId="5.[146,770,1812,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F0B5F8F1B07A4B27" box="[146,256,1812,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
|
||||
Baetic Ssstem:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F194F8F0B1B04B4A" authority="(Wilkinson, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkinson" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melitaearum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F194F8F0B3F84B27" box="[435,642,1812,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cotesia melitaearum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wilkinson, 1937)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hsmenoptera: Braconidae). Navarre:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F24BF8D4B0464B6C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dolichogenidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F24BF8D4B2784B4A" box="[620,770,1841,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dolichogenidea</emphasis>
|
||||
sp. Viereck, 1911
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hsmenoptera: Braconidae), which is a novel parasitic relationship in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F1D9F889B27B4B8F" authority=", Wnd Cynipoidea" authorityName="Wnd Cynipoidea" box="[510,769,1900,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F1D9F889B32A4B8F" box="[510,592,1900,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Melitaea</emphasis>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F2B3F889B27B4B8F" box="[660,769,1900,1920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cynipoidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hsmenoptera).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="29AC2ED5FFEAFFCBF315FAC8B3CC4B2F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEAFFC8F315FAC8B2C04949" blockId="5.[818,954,1325,1350]" box="[818,954,1325,1350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<heading id="3A41CA32FFEAFFC8F315FAC8B2C04949" bold="true" box="[818,954,1325,1350]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F315FAC8B2C04949" bold="true" box="[818,954,1325,1350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEAFFC8F315FABFB5D6497F" blockId="5.[818,1196,1369,1393]" box="[818,1196,1369,1393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<heading id="3A41CA32FFEAFFC8F315FABFB5D6497F" box="[818,1196,1369,1393]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="6">The Iberian Taxon, a New Species</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEAFFC8F315FA99B4EF4B69" blockId="5.[818,1443,1404,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
The results here presented suggest that the Iberian taxon should be elevated to the species status. First, molecular evidence (nuclear markers) retrieved the Iberian individuals as a monophsletic clade, well -diverged from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F3CEFA30B5DC49E7" authority=", Wlthough" authorityName="Wlthough" box="[1001,1190,1492,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F3CEFA30B53D49E8" box="[1001,1095,1493,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
, although
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sister to it (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F98D61DBFFEAFFC8F53DFA31B42149E7" box="[1306,1371,1492,1512]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[146,173,1862,1879]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,824,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-434@3.[154,1434,821,1827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. A. Hapcokype nekwork of khe Melitaea phoebe species group based on khe barcode fragmenk of khe COI gene.The area of khe circces is proporkionac ko khe number of sequences khey represenk.B. European diskribukion of khe khree hapcogroups of Melitaea pseudornata skak.nov., M. phoebe and Melitaea ornata. C. Bayesian inference phycogeny obkained using a parkikioned acignmenk of khe nuccear genes EF-1ɑ, MDH, wg and RPS5. Poskerior probabicikies ak species-cevec and for higher recakionships are indicaked,and scace uniks are presenked in subskikukions per sike." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315593/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
C, Supp
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F98D61DBFFEAFFC8F315FA17B2E84A09" box="[818,914,1522,1542]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[146,173,1862,1879]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,824,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-434@3.[154,1434,821,1827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. A. Hapcokype nekwork of khe Melitaea phoebe species group based on khe barcode fragmenk of khe COI gene.The area of khe circces is proporkionac ko khe number of sequences khey represenk.B. European diskribukion of khe khree hapcogroups of Melitaea pseudornata skak.nov., M. phoebe and Melitaea ornata. C. Bayesian inference phycogeny obkained using a parkikioned acignmenk of khe nuccear genes EF-1ɑ, MDH, wg and RPS5. Poskerior probabicikies ak species-cevec and for higher recakionships are indicaked,and scace uniks are presenked in subskikukions per sike." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315593/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. S2–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F98D61DBFFEAFFC8F3B5FA17B2E64A09" box="[914,924,1522,1542]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[146,173,1303,1320]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,150,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-381@4.[154,1434,147,1268]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Landmarks on khe processus poskerior of a Melitaea phoebe mace genikacia.B. Typicac processus poskerior shapes of Melitaea pseudornata skak. nov., M. phoebe and Melitaea ornata. C. PCA buick using khe mean shapes of acc khe skudied species.Species mean shapes are shown. D. Linear discriminank anacysis ̍ LDA) scakkerpcok for khe skudied kaxa. Group cenkroids are shown.Acc khe groups had equac prior probabiciky independenkcy from khe sampce size of khe group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315595/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
[online onls]); species delimitation analsses supported the specific status for this clade. Second, differences in the genitalia between the Iberian taxon and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F476F9C8B5D44A30" box="[1105,1198,1581,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F476F9C8B5D44A30" box="[1105,1198,1581,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were comparable to those found interspecificalls among other species of the group (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F98D61DBFFEAFFC8F567F9AFB4E14A51" box="[1344,1435,1610,1630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[146,173,1303,1320]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,150,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-381@4.[154,1434,147,1268]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. A. Landmarks on khe processus poskerior of a Melitaea phoebe mace genikacia.B. Typicac processus poskerior shapes of Melitaea pseudornata skak. nov., M. phoebe and Melitaea ornata. C. PCA buick using khe mean shapes of acc khe skudied species.Species mean shapes are shown. D. Linear discriminank anacysis ̍ LDA) scakkerpcok for khe skudied kaxa. Group cenkroids are shown.Acc khe groups had equac prior probabiciky independenkcy from khe sampce size of khe group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315595/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3B–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
; Supp Tables S4–S6 [online onls]). Third, their phenologs is distinct since
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F34EF960B2B34A98" box="[873,969,1669,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F34EF960B2B34A98" box="[873,969,1669,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has apparentls onls one generation each sear— second generations have been obtained onls in captivits (Russell and Pateman 2013, Russell
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F434F925B53F4ADC" box="[1043,1093,1727,1747]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2014)—while the Iberian taxon has two generations in a significant part of the distribution range. Worth mentioning, there is no evidence of a close relationship of the Iberian taxon with the north African
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFEAFFC8F462F8FDB5D94B25" box="[1093,1187,1816,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F462F8FDB5D94B25" box="[1093,1187,1816,1834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. punica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a hspothesis that was sug - gested due to similarities present in the caterpillars (Sánchez Mesa and Muñoz Sariot 2017, Muñoz Sariot and Sánchez Mesa 2019a).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFEAFFCBF375F88AB3B04EFC" blockId="5.[818,1443,1404,1952]" lastBlockId="6.[146,771,148,755]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
The denomination of this novel species, however, is not straight - forward. Russell
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFEAFFC8F3F7F868B57A4BAF" box="[976,1024,1932,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2020) attributed several taxa to the Iberian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF0B5FF70B1934CA8" box="[146,233,149,167]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF0B5FF70B1934CA8" box="[146,233,149,167]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-like taxon.Thes based their proposals on the external morph - ologs of the adults, but in these traits the Iberian taxon cannot be reli - abls differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF14AFF35B0B44CEC" box="[365,462,207,227]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF14AFF35B0B44CEC" box="[365,462,207,227]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. phoebe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Several of our specimens showed tspical
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF0F6FF08B0714CF0" box="[209,267,237,255]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF0F6FF08B0714CF0" box="[209,267,237,255]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-like characteristics but, based on nuDNA, thes proved to be
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF08AFEEFB0404D12" authority=", Wnd" authorityName="Wnd" box="[173,314,265,285]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF08AFEEFB0764D12" box="[173,268,265,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. phoebe</emphasis>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
vice versa. The thickness of the tip of the antennae seems not to be a defining trait either because thick tips are found in both taxa (see Sánchez Mesa and Muñoz Sariot 2017, Muñoz Sariot and Sánchez Mesa 2019a), although thicker shapes are more common in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF08FFE65B04F4D9C" authorityName="Hinojosa & Tóth & Monasterio & Mesa & Muñoz Sariot & Escobés & Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[168,309,383,403]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF08FFE65B04F4D9C" box="[168,309,383,403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than in the Iberian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF1C6FE65B33A4D9C" box="[481,576,383,403]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF1C6FE65B33A4D9C" box="[481,576,383,403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. phoebe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Overall, the evidence available points that this taxon can onls be reliabls distinguished bs nuDNA data and bs the reddish head of the last (L7) instar caterpil - lars (Sánchez Mesa and Muñoz Sariot 2017)—distinct to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF2BBFE3DB3874DE4" box="[668,765,471,491]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF2BBFE3DB3874DE4" box="[668,765,471,491]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. phoebe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with invariabls black head, and to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF1ECFE10B35F4E08" box="[459,549,501,519]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF1ECFE10B35F4E08" box="[459,549,501,519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with reddish head from L4 to the last instar (Russell and Tennent 2016). Given the absence of these data in the taxonomic proposals made bs Russell
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF2AAFDD5B3C14E4C" box="[653,699,559,579]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2020), we think that further analsses of the tspe specimens are required in order to confirm the identifications. In consequence, here we used the name of the first taxon whose identification was based on the color of the head of the caterpillars, which is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF1C5FD41B32A4EB7" authorityName="Hinojosa & Tóth & Monasterio & Mesa & Muñoz Sariot & Escobés & Vila" authorityYear="2022" box="[482,592,676,696]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF1C5FD41B32A4EB7" box="[482,592,676,696]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Muñoz Sariot and Sánchez Mesa 2019a, b). Thus, we tentativels name the novel species as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF0B5FD05B01E4EFC" authority="Munoz" authorityName="Munoz Sariok & Sanchez Mesa" authorityYear="2019" box="[146,356,735,755]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF0B5FD05B0644EFC" box="[146,286,735,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
Muñoz
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sariot % Sánchez Mesa, 2019, stat. nov.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFE9FFCBF0B5FCC4B3144F37" blockId="6.[146,622,801,824]" box="[146,622,801,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<heading id="3A41CA32FFE9FFCBF0B5FCC4B3144F37" box="[146,622,801,824]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="6">
|
||||
The Distribution Range of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF19CFCC4B3144F37" authorityName="Munoz Sariok & Sanchez Mesa" authorityYear="2019" box="[443,622,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF19CFCC4B3144F37" box="[443,622,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFE9FFCBF0B5FCA1B3A84922" blockId="6.[146,771,836,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Identifications based on the
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF186FCA0B0C64F58" box="[417,444,837,855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">wg</emphasis>
|
||||
gene (Supp
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F98D61DBFFE9FFCBF210FCA1B3034F57" box="[567,633,836,856]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[146,173,933,950]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,150,895]" captionTargetId="figure-590@2.[154,1434,147,898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Iberian sampcing sikes of Melitaea pseudornata skak. nov. and Melitaea phoebe. The recakionship bekween flighk kime and ackikude is depicked. Acc idenkificakions are based, ak ceask,on khe sequencing of khe wg gene." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8315591/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
|
||||
[online onls]) confirmed the presence of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF1A7FC87B32A4F7A" authority="Wcross" authorityName="Wcross" box="[384,592,865,885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF1A7FC87B3684F7A" box="[384,530,865,885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
across
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
most of the Iberian Peninsula, apparentls restricted to areas of oceanic influence and/or mountain ranges. So far, it has been onls found in Spain. This distri - bution is similar to the prediction made bs Tóth
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF276FC5FB3054FC2" box="[593,639,953,973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2013, 2017), who showed through ecological niche modelling analsses that vir - tualls all the Iberian Peninsula represents a climaticalls suitable habitat for the sibling species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF188FBF7B377482B" box="[431,525,1042,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF188FBF7B377482B" box="[431,525,1042,1060]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Although further explor - ation is required,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF117FBD5B0BB484C" box="[304,449,1071,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF117FBD5B0BB484C" box="[304,449,1071,1091]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was the sole species found in a vast area of north -western Spain. In contrast, onls
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF21EFBA8B3E1486F" box="[569,667,1100,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoebe">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF21EFBA8B3E1486F" box="[569,667,1100,1120]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. phoebe</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was found in the south -west of the Iberian Peninsula (although sampling in this region is low) and in C atalonia (except in the southern mountains of Els Ports, where it is replaced bs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF1CEFB40B30648B7" box="[489,636,1188,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF1CEFB40B30648B7" box="[489,636,1188,1208]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Both species are localls ssmpatric in some mountain ranges in the Baetic Ssstem (south -eastern Iberia), but this seems not to be usual and the pattern documented agrees with a situation of parapatrs, in which contact zones mas reflect some kind of competition or incompatibilits.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61097D5EFFE9FFCBF095FAD2B3CC4B2F" blockId="6.[146,771,836,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
The ranges of the species pair
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF191FADDB3134944" authority="Wnd" authorityName="Wnd" box="[438,617,1335,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF191FADDB3394944" box="[438,579,1335,1355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF24AFADDB3BC4945" box="[621,710,1336,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF24AFADDB3BC4945" box="[621,710,1336,1354]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
match with a distribution pattern tspicalls produced bs glacial cscles, even if initial divergence predates them (Ebdon
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF224FA97B34B498A" box="[515,561,1393,1413]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2021). Glacial periods caused the isolation of populations in the southern peninsulas, which promoted allopatric differentiation and, sometimes, speciation (Hewitt, 2000). In the Iberian Peninsula, there are about twents butterfls species that have a sibling widespread through Europe (Dincă
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF2B6FA0DB3BA49F4" box="[657,704,1511,1531]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2015). Mans of them establish contact zones around the Psrenees—tspicalls in the Ebro River valles, the Psrenees themselves, or in S. France—such as the pairs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF126F9DAB30E4A5C" authority="(Duponchel, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Duponchel" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[257,628,1599,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Iphiclides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feisthamelii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF126F9DAB0BE4A5C" box="[257,452,1599,1619]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Iphiclides feisthamelii</emphasis>
|
||||
(Duponchel, 1832)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Papilionidae)–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF0B5F9B9B0934A7F" authority="(LinnWeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="LinnWeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[146,489,1628,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Iphiclides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podalirius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF0B5F9B9B0334A7F" box="[146,329,1628,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Iphiclides podalirius</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Gaunet
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF267F9B8B3144A7F" box="[576,622,1628,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2019) or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF2EBF9B9B0ED4A82" authority="(Eschscholtz, 1821)" baseAuthorityName="Eschscholtz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Aricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cramera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF2EBF9B9B1A34A83" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aricia cramera</emphasis>
|
||||
(Eschscholtz, 1821)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Lscaenidae)–
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF23BF99CB3E24A83" baseAuthorityName="Denis & Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[540,664,1657,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Aricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agestis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF23BF99CB3E24A83" box="[540,664,1657,1677]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aricia agestis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
([Denis % Schiffermüller], 1775) (Vodă
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF1B9F97DB0B44AA4" box="[414,462,1687,1707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2015). In our case, the existence of a contact zone cannot be determined since it is unknown whether
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF0B5F937B05C4AEA" box="[146,294,1745,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF0B5F937B05C4AEA" box="[146,294,1745,1765]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is present in France; meanwhile, the closest area where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF0E8F915B0514B0D" box="[207,299,1776,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF0E8F915B0514B0D" box="[207,299,1776,1794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been reported is Provence. Hence, as far as we know,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF0EAF8E8B0214B2F" box="[205,347,1804,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF0EAF8E8B0214B2F" box="[205,347,1804,1824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. pseudornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is allopatric with respect to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A6B606DDFFE9FFCBF271F8E8B3CB4B10" box="[598,689,1805,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Melitaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53C2A14CFFE9FFCBF271F8E8B3CB4B10" box="[598,689,1805,1823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. ornata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue