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<mods:title id="14AC52D361C4A97C08F9CFFE03AB948A">Primer registro de Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en la isla Navarino, Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="23ED88723724D198B896962A09C42855">Contador, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="66942C3929E1CB199F3A80ED4D44C11E">Crego, Ramiro D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8196E417B7C460F3001D94BCEFAEECDB">Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile. & Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9C23D2BCD38D1BCEF3A1EFDF7189BE7B">Schüttler, Elke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EF6D57BD41A7EA66A70B12A79C6C964">Gañán, Melisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7D2B7B8F55BE4A439257FAA84E145D91">Laboratorio de Ecología Dulceacuícola Wankara, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9D9F455DFDEE48CC6D5DFEDC8E00A37B">Jiménez, Jaime E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C5533E1C39CCCD22DAB1AE9650A304E4">Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Programa de Conservación Biocultural Subantártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile. & Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile. & Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EE. UU. & Department of Philosophy and Religion, University of North Texas, EE. UU.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A2DF87A756761789EECE9978A6DC5946">Rozzi, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61839747AC0625F4CC461D6A88876395">Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Programa de Conservación Biocultural Subantártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile. & Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile. & Department of Philosophy and Religion, University of North Texas, EE. UU.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F673DB20EA3801C2620D35A9CBEFDF78">Massardo, Francisca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4E7B995347A812AB581CB8F51B51B65B">Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Programa de Conservación Biocultural Subantártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile. & Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2F364FCBAB97C50864319B1DA5AEBF37">Kennedy, James H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B2BB8CF1C22020D67B4F71BBDC48A9F5">Laboratorio de Ecología Dulceacuícola Wankara, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile. & Parque Etnobotánico Omora, Programa de Conservación Biocultural Subantártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile. & Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, EE. UU.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="371755CF92BD0F42F0246E5C5313D66C">Gayana</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7F10748EC25AF04513EDC49CA83C792C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="A1DD4B99EE6290FAC5538EDCE2999067">Concepción</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="640663F70B460031849505EB2067034E">2016-06-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="53DD22AA422E776BE3F3B064F76034DB">80</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="88799707746343CCD39C7696F328C193">https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382016000100014</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="C54CBBD32F75838E447166D9B938D089" type="DOI">10.4067/s0717-65382016000100014</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="28205A5F0014FFAEFF27F8B89B19FC4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:28205A5F0014FFAEFF27F8B89B19FC4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/28205A5F0014FFAEFF27F8B89B19FC4C" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph id="A036EB490014FFACFF27F8B89CDAF89A" blockId="0.[155,790,1800,1919]" box="[155,722,1800,1823]" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<heading id="FB7E5C250014FFACFF27F8B89CDAF89A" box="[155,722,1800,1823]" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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La avispa común (
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<taxonomicName id="678990CA0014FFACFED6F8B89CC2F89A" ID-CoL="7G35Z" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[362,714,1800,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="92FD375B0014FFACFED6F8B89C15F89A" box="[362,541,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Vespula vulgaris</emphasis>
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Linnaeus 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E893B8C20014FFACFD67F8B89ACDF8BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
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es un véspido eusocial originario de la región Paleártica (Eurasia y norte de África). En los últimos 60 años, esta especie ha colonizado nuevas regiones del mundo (e.g.,
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<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90014FFACFD11F8D89D1AF8FA" box="[685,786,1896,1919]" name="Australia" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90014FFACFCF6FA789DF8FA5A" box="[842,1008,1480,1503]" name="New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Nueva Zelanda</collectingCountry>
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e
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<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90014FFACFBADFA789A62FA5A" box="[1041,1130,1480,1503]" name="Iceland" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Islandia</collectingCountry>
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), llegando a formar parte de la lista de las cien especies exóticas invasoras más dañinas del planeta según la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (IUCN) (
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<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80014FFACFBE7F9989B1CF9BA" author="LOWE, S. & BROWNE, M. & BOUDJELAS, S. & DE POORTER, M." box="[1115,1300,1576,1599]" journalOrPublisher="Auckland, Nueva Zelanda" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="ref1951" refString="LOWE, S., BROWNE, M., BOUDJELAS, S. & DE POORTER, M. 2004. 100 de las especies exoticas invasoras mas daninas del mundo. Una seleccion del Global Invasive Species Database. Grupo Especialista de Especies Invasoras (GEEI). Auckland, Nueva Zelanda." title="100 de las especies exoticas invasoras mas daninas del mundo. Una seleccion del Global Invasive Species Database. Grupo Especialista de Especies Invasoras (GEEI)" type="book" year="2004">
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Lowe
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<emphasis id="92FD375B0014FFACFB23F9989AC5F9BA" box="[1183,1229,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">et al</emphasis>
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. 2004
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||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). En Sudamérica sólo se ha reportado en
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<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90014FFACFBD4F9F89ADAF9DA" box="[1128,1234,1608,1631]" name="Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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y
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<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90014FFACFB47F9F89B30F9DA" box="[1275,1336,1608,1631]" name="Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Chile</collectingCountry>
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. La primera detección data del año 2010, en la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche,
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<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90014FFACFC55F9389A5BF91A" box="[1001,1107,1672,1695]" name="Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80014FFACFBDBF9389B79F91A" author="MASCIOCCHI, M. & BEGGS, J. R. & CARPENTER, J. M. & CORLEY, J. C." box="[1127,1393,1672,1695]" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="267 - 270" part="69" refId="ref2006" refString="MASCIOCCHI, M., BEGGS, J. R., CARPENTER, J. M., & CORLEY, J. C. 2010. Primer registro de Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 69 (3 - 4): 267 - 270." title="Primer registro de Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en la Argentina" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
Masciocchi
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0014FFACFB4CF9389B2CF91A" box="[1264,1316,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">et al</emphasis>
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. 2010
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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). En el 2011 se registró por primera vez en
|
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<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90014FFACFB6BF9189B19F93A" box="[1239,1297,1704,1727]" name="Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
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en la
|
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<collectingRegion id="624D25AB0014FFACFAEBF9189DDBF95A" country="Chile" name="Araucania" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Región de la Araucanía</collectingRegion>
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(IX) y en 2013 en la
|
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<collectingRegion id="624D25AB0014FFACFB78F9789B8EF95A" box="[1220,1414,1736,1759]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Región del Maule</collectingRegion>
|
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(VII) (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80014FFACFCEEF9589A5CF97A" author="BARRERA MEDINA, R. & VIDAL MUNOZ, C." box="[850,1108,1768,1791]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="277 - 278" part="52" refId="ref1614" refString="BARRERA MEDINA, R. & VIDAL MUNOZ, C. 2013. Primer reporte de Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en Chile. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 52: 277 - 278." title="Primer reporte de Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en Chile" type="journal article" year="2013">Barrera & Vidal 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
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). En este trabajo se reporta por primera vez la presencia de
|
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<taxonomicName id="678990CA0014FFACFBC4F8B89AE5F89A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1144,1261,1800,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
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<emphasis id="92FD375B0014FFACFBC4F8B89A80F89A" box="[1144,1160,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">V</emphasis>
|
||||
.
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<emphasis id="92FD375B0014FFACFB2AF8B89AE5F89A" box="[1174,1261,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
en la isla Navarino,
|
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<collectingRegion id="624D25AB0014FFACFCF6F8989A31F8BA" box="[842,1081,1832,1855]" country="Chile" name="Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Región de Magallanes</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(XII),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90014FFACFB38F8989AC9F8BA" box="[1156,1217,1832,1855]" name="Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E893B8C20014FFADFCF6F8D89ADDFE73" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490014FFADFCF6F8D89A4EFF73" blockId="0.[842,1478,1896,1919]" lastBlockId="1.[842,1477,191,246]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
El primer avistamiento se hizo en la localidad de Puerto Williams el mes de febrero de 2015. En los meses subsiguientes, se avistaron y colectaron más individuos (02-marzo al 22-abril) los cuales fueron identificados siguiendo la descripción de
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80015FFADFE70FEAF9CECFEB3" author="DVORAK, L. & ROBERTS, S. P." box="[460,740,287,310]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" pagination="221 - 244" part="46" refId="ref1757" refString="DVORAK, L. & ROBERTS, S. P. 2006. Key to the paper and social wasps of Central Europe (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 46: 221 - 244." title="Key to the paper and social wasps of Central Europe (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)" type="journal article" year="2006">Dvorak & Roberts (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
y la modificación de
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80015FFADFEE8FE8F9C51FED3" author="BARRERA MEDINA, R. & VIDAL MUNOZ, C." box="[340,601,319,342]" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" pagination="277 - 278" part="52" refId="ref1614" refString="BARRERA MEDINA, R. & VIDAL MUNOZ, C. 2013. Primer reporte de Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en Chile. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 52: 277 - 278." title="Primer reporte de Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en Chile" type="journal article" year="2013">Barrera & Vidal (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="38B2F7CC0015FFADFDD7FE8F9CA6FED3" box="[619,686,319,342]" captionStart="FIGURA" captionStartId="1.[155,168,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[273,1367,626,1753]" captionTargetId="figure-289@1.[253,1389,616,1768]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURA 1. A; vista frontal de V. vulgaris, mostrando la cabeza con la mancha en forma de “ancla” negra en el clípeo, B; vista dorsal mostrando el metasoma, C; vista lateral de la cabeza, mostrando la mancha negra en la gena, D; detalle de los dientes de la mandíbula. FIGURE 1. A; frontal view of V. vulgaris, the head showing the “anchor-like” black spot in the clypeus, B; dorsal view of the abdomen, C; lateral view of the head, showing the black spot in the gena, D; details of the teeth of the mandible." pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Para la separación en castas (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="38B2F7CC0015FFADFE3EFEEF9FCAFEF3" box="[386,450,351,374]" captionStart="FIGURA" captionStartId="2.[155,168,497,518]" captionTargetBox="[260,1372,192,479]" captionTargetId="figure-596@2.[260,1372,190,479]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURA 2. Castas de Vespula vulgaris. De izquierda a derecha: reina, macho y obrera. FIGURE 2. Vespula vulgaris castes. From left to right: queen, male and female." pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) se siguió a
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80015FFADFDF5FEEF9D1AFEF3" author="ESTAY, P. & RIPA, R. & GERDING, M. & ARAYA, J. & CURKOVIC, T." box="[585,786,351,374]" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Santiago, Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" part="70" refId="ref1847" refString="ESTAY, P., RIPA, R., GERDING, M., ARAYA, J. & CURKOVIC, T. 2008. Manejo integrado de la avispa chaqueta amarilla: Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Santiago, Chile. Boletin INIA n ° 174. 70 pag." title="Manejo integrado de la avispa chaqueta amarilla: Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)" type="journal volume" volumeTitle="Boletin INIA" year="2008">
|
||||
Estay
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0015FFADFD37FEEF9CB2FEF3" box="[651,698,351,374]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. (2008)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Las fotografías A y B fueron obtenidas con una cámara digital NIKON D90 de 12.3 megapíxeles, mientras que las fotografías C, D, y las de la figura 2 fueron obtenidas con una cámara MShot de 9 megapíxeles en una lupa estereoscópica Leica S6E. El material colectado se encuentra depositado en el Laboratorio de Ecología Dulceacuícola Wankara en Puerto Williams,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90015FFADFBB8FF6F9A49FF73" box="[1028,1089,223,246]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490015FFADFCF6FEAF9ADDFE73" blockId="1.[842,1478,287,502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0015FFADFCF6FEAF9A23FEB3" box="[842,1067,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Material examinado</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFBFCFEAF9AB0FEF3" collectingDate="2015-03-02" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-worker="1" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90015FFADFBFCFEAF9A74FEB3" box="[1088,1148,287,310]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="624D25AB0015FFADFB32FEAF9B86FEB3" box="[1166,1422,287,310]" country="Chile" name="Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Región de Magallanes</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="A556BD920015FFADFA23FEAF9DA5FED3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:28205A5F0014FFAEFF27F8B89B19FC4C:A556BD920015FFADFA23FEAF9DA5FED3" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" name="Isla Navarino" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">Isla Navarino</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C5BD8D8E0015FFADFC01FE8F9DFCFED3" box="[957,1012,319,342]" degrees="55" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" precision="55555" value="-55.0">55°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C5BD8D8E0015FFADFBBCFE8F9A4AFED3" box="[1024,1090,319,342]" degrees="67" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" precision="55555" value="-67.0">67°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<specimenCount id="B68F20C00015FFADFBE9FE8F9A9FFED3" box="[1109,1175,319,342]" count="115" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="female">115 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
(69 obreras y 46 reinas) y
|
||||
<specimenCount id="B68F20C00015FFADFA04FE8F9D56FEF3" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
(machos). 1 obrera
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFB89FEEF9ABCFEF3" box="[1077,1204,351,374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-02">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFB89FEEF9ABCFEF3" box="[1077,1204,351,374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-02">02-03-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFB02FEEF9BB9FEF3" box="[1214,1457,351,374]" collectingDate="2015-03-03" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-worker="6" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
6 obreras,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFA92FEEF9BA5FEF3" box="[1326,1453,351,374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-03">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFA92FEEF9BA5FEF3" box="[1326,1453,351,374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-03">03-03-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFA04FEEF9A22FE13" collectingDate="2015-03-08" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-worker="2" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
2 obreras,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFC1BFECF9A2EFE13" box="[935,1062,383,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-08">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFC1BFECF9A2EFE13" box="[935,1062,383,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-08">08-03-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFB8EFECF9B20FE13" box="[1074,1320,383,406]" collectingDate="2015-03-10" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-worker="3" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
3 obreras,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFB19FECF9B2CFE13" box="[1189,1316,383,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-10">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFB19FECF9B2CFE13" box="[1189,1316,383,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-10">10-03-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFA8CFECF9DA2FE33" collectingDate="2015-03-17" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-worker="3" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
3 obreras,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFA1EFECF9DAEFE33" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-17">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFA1EFECF9DAEFE33" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-17">17- 03-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFC0EFE2F9AAFFE33" box="[946,1191,415,438]" collectingDate="2015-03-27" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-worker="8" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
8 obreras,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFB98FE2F9AABFE33" box="[1060,1187,415,438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-27">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFB98FE2F9AABFE33" box="[1060,1187,415,438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-03-27">27-03-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFB13FE2F9BABFE33" box="[1199,1443,415,438]" collectingDate="2015-04-17" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="36" specimenCount-female="36" specimenCount-queen="36" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
36 reinas,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFA9CFE2F9B97FE33" box="[1312,1439,415,438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-04-17">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFA9CFE2F9B97FE33" box="[1312,1439,415,438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-04-17">17-04-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFA17FE2F9A15FE53" collectingDate="2015-04-18" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-queen="10" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
10 reinas,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFC26FE0F9A11FE53" box="[922,1049,447,470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-04-18">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFC26FE0F9A11FE53" box="[922,1049,447,470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-04-18">18-04-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFB9AFE0F9B15FE53" box="[1062,1309,447,470]" collectingDate="2015-04-21" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-worker="6" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
6 obreras,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFB26FE0F9B11FE53" box="[1178,1305,447,470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-04-21">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFB26FE0F9B11FE53" box="[1178,1305,447,470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-04-21">21-04-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="10E1E1140015FFADFA9BFE0F9ADDFE73" collectingDate="2015-04-22" collectorName="J. Rendoll" country="Chile" latitude="-55.0" location="Isla Navarino" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="-67.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="42" specimenCount-female="40" specimenCount-male="2" specimenCount-worker="40" stateProvince="Region de Magallanes">
|
||||
40 obreras y 2 machos,
|
||||
<date id="D437CD890015FFADFC15FE6F9A20FE73" box="[937,1064,479,502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-04-22">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C47334610015FFADFC15FE6F9A20FE73" box="[937,1064,479,502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2015-04-22">22-04-2015</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0015FFADFB8FFE6F9A53FE73" box="[1075,1115,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">col.</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectorName id="0D7C8E9F0015FFADFBDDFE6F9AD9FE73" box="[1121,1233,479,502]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">J. Rendoll</collectorName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="F4F6BBC10015FFADFF27F8BA9A50F800" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" startId="1.[155,168,1802,1823]" targetBox="[273,1367,626,1753]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490015FFADFF27F8BA9BAFF8B9" blockId="1.[155,1478,1802,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="A6D07D950015FFADFF27F8BA9ED5F89B" baselines="1818,1818" box="[155,221,1802,1823]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Figura" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">FIGURA</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
1. A; vista frontal de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0015FFADFE02F8BA9C22F89A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[446,554,1802,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0015FFADFE02F8BA9FC5F89A" box="[446,461,1802,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">V</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0015FFADFE67F8BA9C22F89A" box="[475,554,1802,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, mostrando la cabeza con la mancha en forma de “ancla” negra en el clípeo, B; vista dorsal mostrando el metasoma, C; vista lateral de la cabeza, mostrando la mancha negra en la gena, D; detalle de los dientes de la mandíbula.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490015FFADFF27F8E39A50F800" blockId="1.[155,1478,1802,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="A6D07D950015FFADFF27F8E39ED3F8E2" baselines="1891,1891" box="[155,219,1875,1896]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Figure" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">FIGURE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
1. A; frontal view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0015FFADFE11F8E39C1FF8ED" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[429,535,1875,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0015FFADFE11F8E39FB4F8ED" box="[429,444,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">V</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0015FFADFE74F8E39C1FF8ED" box="[456,535,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the head showing the “anchor-like” black spot in the clypeus, B; dorsal view of the abdomen, C; lateral view of the head, showing the black spot in the gena, D; details of the teeth of the mandible.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="F4F6BBC10016FFAEFF27FE419D8AFDB7" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" startId="2.[155,168,497,518]" targetBox="[260,1372,192,479]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490016FFAEFF27FE419D8AFDB7" lastBlockId="2.[155,898,541,562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
FIGURA 2. Castas de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFEE0FE419FF4FD83" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[348,508,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFEE0FE419FF4FD83" box="[348,508,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Vespula vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. De izquierda a derecha: reina, macho y obrera.
|
||||
<smallCapsWord id="A6D07D950016FFAEFF27FDAD9ED3FDB4" baselines="557,557" box="[155,219,541,562]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Figure" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">FIGURE</smallCapsWord>
|
||||
2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFF45FDAD9F91FDB7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[249,409,541,562]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFF45FDAD9F91FDB7" box="[249,409,541,562]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Vespula vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
castes. From left to right: queen, male and female.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E893B8C20016FFAEFF27FCBD9FB8FBC1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490016FFAEFF27FCBD9FB8FBC1" blockId="2.[155,790,781,1092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
Éste constituye el registro más austral de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFD26FCBD9D1DFCA1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[666,789,781,804]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFD26FCBD9D1DFCA1" box="[666,789,781,804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">V. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
y aumentaría a 6 las especies de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFDA3FC9D9C77FCC1" box="[543,639,813,836]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
en la
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="624D25AB0016FFAEFD6DFC9D9F34FCE1" country="Chile" name="Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">región de Magallanes</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(4 especies nativas y 2 exóticas) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80016FFAEFD65FCFD9ED7FC01" author="PEREZ, V." journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="119 - 126" part="28" refId="ref2126" refString="PEREZ, V. 2000 a. Las especies de vespidos (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) de la region de Magallanes: clave de identificacion, distribucion y relaciones zoogeograficas. Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia 28: 119 - 126." title="Las especies de vespidos (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) de la region de Magallanes: clave de identificacion, distribucion y relaciones zoogeograficas" type="book chapter" year="2000">Pérez 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80016FFAEFF4DFCDD9F31FC01" author="PEREZ, V." box="[241,313,877,900]" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="139 - 142" part="28" refId="ref2169" refString="PEREZ, V. 2000 b. La avispa " chaqueta amarilla ", Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), en la region de Magallanes. Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia 28: 139 - 142." title="La avispa " chaqueta amarilla ", Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), en la region de Magallanes" type="journal article" year="2000">2000b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Además, la especie ya fue nuevamente avistada pasada la diapausa invernal, lo cual sugiere un establecimiento exitoso. Si bien no existen documentos que reporten la presencia de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFE58FC7D9C56FC61" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[484,606,973,996]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFE58FC7D9FFCFC61" box="[484,500,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">V</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFDBBFC7D9C56FC61" box="[519,606,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
en la
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="624D25AB0016FFAEFD11FC7D9F11FB81" country="Chile" name="Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">región de Magallanes</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, existen registros personales en Punta Arenas (J. Rendoll, datos no publicados) y también en Ushuaia (A. Valenzuela, comm. pers.).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E893B8C20016FFAEFF27FBDD9B19FC4C" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490016FFAEFF27FBDD9FAAFA41" blockId="2.[155,790,1133,1476]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
Los efectos causados por la invasión de esta avispa están bien documentados en
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="D89EABD90016FFAEFE1AFB3D9C5AFB21" box="[422,594,1165,1188]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Nueva Zelanda</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. La dieta de los adultos de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFEB3FB1D9F8CFB41" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[271,388,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFEB3FB1D9F17FB41" box="[271,287,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">V</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFE91FB1D9F8CFB41" box="[301,388,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
se compone especialmente de néctar, pero depreda sobre otros artrópodos para alimentar a las larvas (e.g., dípteros, lepidópteros y arácnidos) lo cual representa un riesgo a las especies nativas (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80016FFAEFDCBFABD9EDBFAC1" author="BEGGS, J. R. & REES, J. S." journalOrPublisher="Oecologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="565 - 571" part="119" refId="ref1657" refString="BEGGS, J. R. & REES, J. S. 1999. Restructuring of Lepidoptera communities by introduced Vespula wasps in a New Zealand beech forest. Oecologia 119: 565 - 571." title="Restructuring of Lepidoptera communities by introduced Vespula wasps in a New Zealand beech forest" type="journal article" year="1999">Beggs & Rees 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80016FFAEFF58FA9D9FB1FAC1" author="TOFT, R. J. & REES, J. S." box="[228,441,1325,1348]" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="90 - 95" part="23" refId="ref2083" refString="TOFT, R. J. & REES, J. S. 1998. Reducing predation of orb-web spiders by controlling common wasps (Vespula vulgaris) in a New Zealand beech forest. Ecological Entomology 23: 90 - 95." title="Reducing predation of orb-web spiders by controlling common wasps (Vespula vulgaris) in a New Zealand beech forest" type="journal article" year="1998">Toft & Rees 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80016FFAEFE76FA9D9C5BFAC1" author="HARRIS, R. J." box="[458,595,1325,1348]" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="159 - 169" part="18" refId="ref1910" refString="HARRIS, R. J. 1991. Diet of the wasps Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica in honeydew beech forest of the South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 18: 159 - 169." title="Diet of the wasps Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica in honeydew beech forest of the South Island, New Zealand" type="journal article" year="1991">Harris 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Otros impactos registrados incluyen la disminución a largo plazo de varias especies de aves nativas en bosques de fagáceas (Elliot
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFD5DFADD9D07FA01" box="[737,783,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2010), llegando incluso a depredar sobre polluelos de aves pequeñas (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80016FFAEFEB0FA1D9F9FFA41" author="MOLLER, H." box="[268,407,1453,1476]" journalOrPublisher="Notornis" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="76 - 77" part="37" refId="ref2065" refString="MOLLER, H. 1990. Wasps kill nestling birds. Notornis 37: 76 - 77." title="Wasps kill nestling birds" type="journal article" year="1990">Moller 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490016FFAEFF27FA5D9C1CF921" blockId="2.[155,790,1517,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
Sumado a los potenciales efectos ecológicos, la presencia de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFF02F9BD9F3CF9A1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[190,308,1549,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFF02F9BD9F3CF9A1" box="[190,308,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">V. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
podría afectar directamente las actividades recreativas y familiares al aire libre debido a las picaduras que causan. Esto además representa un riesgo socioeconómico al ecoturismo, una de las actividades económicas preponderantes en la isla Navarino.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A036EB490016FFAEFF27F97D9B19FC4C" blockId="2.[155,790,1741,1892]" lastBlockId="2.[842,1478,786,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
La detección de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFEF7F97D9FB5F961" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[331,445,1741,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFEF7F97D9FB5F961" box="[331,445,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">V. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
se suma a una creciente lista de especies invasoras a la isla Navarino y la reserva de la Biósfera de Cabo de Hornos (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80016FFAEFE37F8BD9C8AF8A1" author="ANDERSON, C. B. & ROZZI, R. & TORRES-MURA, J. C. & MCGEHEE, S. M. & SHERRIFFS, M. F. & SCHUTTLER, E. & ROSEMOND, A. D." box="[395,642,1805,1828]" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity & Conservation" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="3295 - 3313" part="15" refId="ref1542" refString="ANDERSON, C. B., ROZZI, R., TORRES-MURA, J. C., MCGEHEE, S. M., SHERRIFFS, M. F., SCHUTTLER, E., & ROSEMOND, A. D. 2006. Exotic vertebrate fauna in the remote and pristine sub- Antarctic Cape Horn Archipelago, Chile. Biodiversity & Conservation 15: 3295 - 3313." title="Exotic vertebrate fauna in the remote and pristine sub- Antarctic Cape Horn Archipelago, Chile" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||||
Anderson
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFDBDF8BD9C3DF8A1" box="[513,565,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2006
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Una mayor proliferación de estas avispas puede tener consecuencias serias para los ecosistemas, para la comunidad local y los visitantes. Creemos importante realizar iniciativas de control de estos insectos. Si bien la erradicación de
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="678990CA0016FFAEFA8EFC829BAEFCCC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1330,1446,818,841]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFA8EFC829BAEFCCC" box="[1330,1446,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">V. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
es difícil debido a sus características biológicas, una temprana acción mantenida en el tiempo podría lograr un efecto tal que la población se mantenga en bajas densidades y así se minimicen sus efectos (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C41896B80016FFAEFBFAFC029B0DFC4C" author="BEGGS, J. R. & BROCKERHOFF, E. G. & CORLEY, J. C. & KENIS, M. & MASCIOCCHI, M. & MULLER, F. & ROME, Q. & VILLEMANT, C." box="[1094,1285,946,969]" journalOrPublisher="BioControl" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="505 - 526" part="56" refId="ref1694" refString="BEGGS, J. R., BROCKERHOFF, E. G., CORLEY, J. C., KENIS, M., MASCIOCCHI, M., MULLER, F., ROME, Q. & VILLEMANT, C. 2011. Ecological effects and management of invasive alien Vespidae. BioControl 56: 505 - 526." title="Ecological effects and management of invasive alien Vespidae" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Beggs
|
||||
<emphasis id="92FD375B0016FFAEFB2CFC029AB7FC4C" box="[1168,1215,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue