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<document id="E8852AF034933FBCCAAF88E13C04A81A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.158.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5093462" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1624382088863" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Duckett, Catherine N." docDate="2003" docId="20118797FFE8FF85FEF8057F9C5BFC80" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00158.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 158" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.158.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pedilia sirena Duckett 2003, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="DC28FFEFFFE9FF82FFF007239948FF96" masterDocTitle="A new species of flea beetle, genus Pedilia Clark (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), from Osa Pennisula, Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1729589727630" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F2AD772B6CDBD0DB53576CD352A7F2A8">
<mods:title id="9DD25692466E034F19A6B7F3FD0B44F3">A new species of flea beetle, genus Pedilia Clark (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), from Osa Pennisula, Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E865ACF1ADB645C6B35253A023D49E0">Duckett, Catherine N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2DF04AE7161C23FAD066A32CFAD35A90">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C9E0C6BC9BFBD44ACC81EEC0F29666C9">2003-03-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EAADDE151285659D9C316C45AE193A64">158</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CD9A11F7BAE304C0FB688376E16F1DD6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D4579F0AB1ACEA12D0E895FC90B71EF6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.158.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FAE682112DD1522A818178FDD3FDDFC4" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="20118797FFE8FF85FEF8057F9C5BFC80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:20118797FFE8FF85FEF8057F9C5BFC80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/20118797FFE8FF85FEF8057F9C5BFC80" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="E0A2650AFFE8FF83FEF8057F9B03FDE0" box="[264,587,604,630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFE8FF83FEF8057F9B03FDE0" blockId="1.[264,587,604,670]" box="[264,587,604,630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFE8FF83FEF8057F98E7FDE0" authority="Duckett, 2003" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[264,431,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFE8FF83FEF8057F98E7FDE0" bold="true" box="[264,431,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="81FF57E8FFE8FF83FE4E057F9B03FDE0" box="[446,587,604,630]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A2650AFFE8FF83FEF805A79B6AFD08" box="[264,546,644,670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFE8FF83FEF805A79B6AFD08" blockId="1.[264,587,604,670]" box="[264,546,644,670]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FEE105A7982AFD08" box="[273,354,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1445,1469]" captionTargetBox="[356,1249,313,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-135@2.[343,1253,313,1434]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ventral habitus of Pedilia sirena, new species, total length, 5 mm. Copyright Frances L. Fawcett, used by permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093464/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FE8005A798C9FD08" box="[368,385,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[931,1034,316,340]" captionTargetBox="[264,915,315,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-146@3.[264,915,315,1298]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. New shoot of Passiflora pittieri bearing eggs of Heliconius hewitsoni (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and several Pedilia sirena adults. Note flea beetle feeding damage at base of the shoot and partially eaten Heliconius eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093466/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FE7E05A798D3FD08" box="[398,411,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">3</figureCitation>
a­f, 4a­f, 5)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A2650AFFE8FF83FEF805F79B41FCF0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFE8FF83FEF805F79B41FCF0" blockId="1.[264,1324,724,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFE8FF83FEF805F79837FD7B" box="[264,383,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFE8FF83FE6605F79B72FD7B" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[406,570,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFE8FF83FE6605F79B72FD7B" box="[406,570,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other described species of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFE8FF83FB4105F79C4EFD7B" box="[1201,1286,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFE8FF83FB4105F79C4EFD7B" box="[1201,1286,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pedilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the slightly concave shape of the ventral lip of the median lobe (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FC0A05DF9D17FC80" box="[1018,1119,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 3</figureCitation>
) and by a unique combination of female genital characters, including presence of a gonophysis and the shape of sternite VIII.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A2650AFFE8FF81FEC804579B36F881" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFE8FF83FEC804579B38FC48" blockId="1.[264,1324,724,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFE8FF83FEC80457988AFC1B" box="[312,450,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description</emphasis>
. Body robust, very broadly ovate, convex,
<quantity id="6F409B64FFE8FF83FC4904579D06FC18" box="[953,1102,884,910]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.2">4.2 ­ 5.5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="6F409B64FFE8FF83FB6704579C64FC18" box="[1175,1324,884,910]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.1">3.1 ­ 4.2 mm</quantity>
wide at elytral midpoint. Color orange (see
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FCF904BF9A24FC20" box="[777,876,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[931,1034,316,340]" captionTargetBox="[264,915,315,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-146@3.[264,915,315,1298]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. New shoot of Passiflora pittieri bearing eggs of Heliconius hewitsoni (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and several Pedilia sirena adults. Note flea beetle feeding damage at base of the shoot and partially eaten Heliconius eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093466/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 2</figureCitation>
) or fulvous after death, antennomeres III ­ XI andmandibles piceous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFE8FF83FEC804CF9B3AF8D8" blockId="1.[264,1324,724,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Head ovate, widest dorsally with mouth small, (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FC7804CF9A9AFB90" box="[904,978,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1445,1469]" captionTargetBox="[356,1249,313,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-135@2.[343,1253,313,1434]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ventral habitus of Pedilia sirena, new species, total length, 5 mm. Copyright Frances L. Fawcett, used by permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093464/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs.1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FC1404CF9AB7FB90" box="[996,1023,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">3a</figureCitation>
) eye deeply emarginate, upper ocular lobe smaller than lower; occiput narrow, less than one­third head width; vertex glabrous and lightly punctate, one postocular seta, postantennal calli pronounced, medially delimited by suture (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FD9D03479B8BFBE8" box="[621,707,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
); occiput with pronounced bilobed depression abutting ocular setae; frontal carina pronounced, forming a broad based inverted Y over clypeus, (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FE8C0397988BFB58" box="[380,451,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1445,1469]" captionTargetBox="[356,1249,313,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-135@2.[343,1253,313,1434]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ventral habitus of Pedilia sirena, new species, total length, 5 mm. Copyright Frances L. Fawcett, used by permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093464/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FDF303979B12FB58" box="[515,602,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
). Labrum: broader than long, slightly emarginate apically, bearing four pairs of setae (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FDA903FF9BF9FB60" box="[601,689,1244,1270]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
) with many stout setae on apical margin. Mandible: palmate bearing four teeth (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FDA402279BE3FA88" box="[596,683,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
), mandibular mola with two grinding surfaces, apical surface bearing transverse ridges when unworn and basal surface bearing honeycomb­like reticulations (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FE5802779B51FAF8" box="[424,537,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 3f</figureCitation>
); prostheca bearing long,dense microtrichia (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FBDC02779DC9FAF8" box="[1068,1153,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
), exterior face glabrous. Maxillary palpus: last segment,incrassate (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FC83025F9A8FFA00" box="[883,967,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
), bearing many setae (see
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFE8FF83FB0A025F981EFA28" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 3d</figureCitation>
). Antenna long, very thin, extending to between elytral midpoint and apex; antennomere III (
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) less than 2/3 length IV; V slightly shorter than IV; XI slightly longer than III. Pronotum transverse, convex, width 2.5 ­ 3x length; anterior angles level with eyes, beveled, with seta on posterior edge of anterior angle and setal pit prominent; pronotal lateral margins distinct, wide, convergent towards head, accompanied by single row of fine punctures two antennal widths from margin, lateral margins convergent towards head; posterior angles anteriorly directed; disc punctation confused and lightly impressed; prebasal pronotal impression bearing sharp lateral prebasal folds, oblique impression arising at anterior corner of lateral impression, fading posteriorly near midline. Elytral punctation indistinct; elytral margin, wide, translucent; epipleuron horizontal, ventrally concave. Scutellum triangular, glabrous.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76609FFEBFF80FEF802869B15FA49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5093464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093464/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[264,368,1445,1469]" targetBox="[356,1249,313,1431]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEBFF80FEF802869B15FA49" blockId="2.[264,1322,1445,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEBFF80FEF8028698C3FA2B" bold="true" box="[264,395,1445,1469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Ventral habitus of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEBFF80FDA802869BA6FA2A" authority="Duckett, 2003" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[600,750,1445,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEBFF80FDA802869BA6FA2A" box="[600,750,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="81FF57E8FFEBFF80FD0C02869A36FA2A" box="[764,894,1445,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, total length, 5 mm. Copyright Frances L. Fawcett, used by permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEBFF80FEC801309D89F9EB" blockId="2.[264,1324,1555,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Prosternum excavated anteriorly to receive head; prosternal process setose (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEBFF80FB2201309C51F9BB" box="[1234,1305,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1445,1469]" captionTargetBox="[356,1249,313,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-135@2.[343,1253,313,1434]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ventral habitus of Pedilia sirena, new species, total length, 5 mm. Copyright Frances L. Fawcett, used by permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093464/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), narrow, extending just beyond procoxae; procoxal cavity open; procoxa oblique. Mesosternum short, transverse, finely pilose, concave anteriorly, posterior edge sinuate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEBFF80FEC801A89A27F95B" blockId="2.[264,1324,1555,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Male sternum VII with small trapezoidal internal flange at midline articulating with pygidium (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEBFF80FE7801909897F95B" box="[392,479,1715,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,322,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[344,1255,315,1787]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pedilia sirena genitalic and reproductive structures. A, apex of male abdomen, showing internally directed flange of sternum VII; B, Female sterrnite VIII; C, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; D, lateral view of median lobe; E, left gonocoxa (vaginal palpus); F, spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093470/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
). Pygidium unmodified (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEBFF80FCFB01909A2AF95B" box="[779,866,1715,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,322,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[344,1255,315,1787]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pedilia sirena genitalic and reproductive structures. A, apex of male abdomen, showing internally directed flange of sternum VII; B, Female sterrnite VIII; C, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; D, lateral view of median lobe; E, left gonocoxa (vaginal palpus); F, spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093470/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEBFF80FEC801F89BD6F8FB" blockId="2.[264,1324,1555,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEBFF80FE0B01F89B30F963" box="[507,632,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,322,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[344,1255,315,1787]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pedilia sirena genitalic and reproductive structures. A, apex of male abdomen, showing internally directed flange of sternum VII; B, Female sterrnite VIII; C, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; D, lateral view of median lobe; E, left gonocoxa (vaginal palpus); F, spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093470/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4c, d</figureCitation>
) with ventral lip of median lobe truncate and concave. Median dorsal process of median lobe thin with very small rounded apex, lateral median process wide, shorter than median dorsal process; apically pointed; basal half of median lobe unmodified. Tegmen narrow.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76609FFEAFF81FC53061F9D9AFDB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5093466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093466/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[931,1034,316,340]" targetBox="[264,915,315,1298]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEAFF81FC53061F9D9AFDB5" blockId="3.[931,1320,316,548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEAFF81FC53061F9D62FEC2" bold="true" box="[931,1066,316,340]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
New shoot of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEAFF81FB15061E9D6FFEE0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittieri">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEAFF81FB15061E9D6FFEE0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Passiflora pittieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bearing eggs of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEAFF81FB28067C9D09FE0F" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hewitsoni">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEAFF81FB28067C9D09FE0F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Heliconius hewitsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEAFF81FBA406A19D93FE0F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1108,1243,386,409]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEAFF81FB1A06A19AB7FE2D" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
) and several
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEAFF81FB6006869C60FE2A" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[1168,1320,421,444]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEAFF81FB6006869C60FE2A" box="[1168,1320,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults. Note flea beetle feeding damage at base of the shoot and partially eaten
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEAFF81FBD0052E9DDBFDB2" box="[1056,1171,525,548]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEAFF81FBD0052E9DDBFDB2" box="[1056,1171,525,548]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Heliconius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEAFF81FEC8024E9ACEFA11" blockId="3.[264,1323,1389,1895]" box="[312,902,1389,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female sternum VII and pygidium evenly convex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEAFF81FEC802B69B9FF951" blockId="3.[264,1323,1389,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Female genitalia with prominent triangular gonocoxae (vaginal palpi of
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEAFF81FB7D02B6980CFA41" author="Konstantinov, A. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="353 - 360" refId="ref2566" refString="Konstantinov, A. S. (1998) On the structure and function of female genitalia in Alticinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 100 (2), 353 - 360." type="journal article" year="1998">Konstantinov 1998</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEAFF81FE92029E98F5FA41" box="[354,445,1469,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,322,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[344,1255,315,1787]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pedilia sirena genitalic and reproductive structures. A, apex of male abdomen, showing internally directed flange of sternum VII; B, Female sterrnite VIII; C, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; D, lateral view of median lobe; E, left gonocoxa (vaginal palpus); F, spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
), each with 17 - 19 short setae distributed along gonocoxal perimeter. Gonapophysis or genital sclerite (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEAFF81FD5002C69BA1FA69" box="[672,745,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[1012,1116,316,340]" captionTargetBox="[263,1003,308,937]" captionTargetId="figure-325@6.[287,972,315,917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pedilia sirena female genital system, Later­ al view, top; Ventral view, bottom. Size of individual structures can be inferred from figure 4, all structures drawn to the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093556/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) convex, roundly triangular, glabrous. Sternite VIII (the&quot;tignum&quot; of
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEAFF81FDFB012E9BA5F9B1" author="Konstantinov, A. S." box="[523,749,1549,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="353 - 360" refId="ref2566" refString="Konstantinov, A. S. (1998) On the structure and function of female genitalia in Alticinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 100 (2), 353 - 360." type="journal article" year="1998">Konstantinov 1998</bibRefCitation>
) apically spatulate though narrow, basally broad with highly emarginate proximal edge (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEAFF81FD1001169A79F9D9" box="[736,817,1589,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,322,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[344,1255,315,1787]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pedilia sirena genitalic and reproductive structures. A, apex of male abdomen, showing internally directed flange of sternum VII; B, Female sterrnite VIII; C, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; D, lateral view of median lobe; E, left gonocoxa (vaginal palpus); F, spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig.4b</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca curved (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEAFF81FBB901169DD5F9D9" box="[1097,1181,1589,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[356,1234,322,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-61@5.[344,1255,315,1787]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pedilia sirena genitalic and reproductive structures. A, apex of male abdomen, showing internally directed flange of sternum VII; B, Female sterrnite VIII; C, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; D, lateral view of median lobe; E, left gonocoxa (vaginal palpus); F, spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4f</figureCitation>
), receptacle smoothly ovate, pump and proximal spermathecal duct long relative to receptacle. Bursa copulatrix covered with microtrichia, specialized epithelium present at apex, where distal spermathecal duct enters bursa (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEAFF81FD71018E9B80F951" box="[641,712,1709,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[1012,1116,316,340]" captionTargetBox="[263,1003,308,937]" captionTargetId="figure-325@6.[287,972,315,917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pedilia sirena female genital system, Later­ al view, top; Ventral view, bottom. Size of individual structures can be inferred from figure 4, all structures drawn to the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093556/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEAFF81FEC801F69B36F881" blockId="3.[264,1323,1389,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEAFF81FEC801F698FAF978" box="[312,434,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Karyotype</emphasis>
. Male with 25 chromosomes, sex determination system unknown (Segarra and Duckett, unpublished data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A2650AFFEAFF84FEC800069B46FAB4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEAFF81FEC800069C58F8F1" blockId="3.[264,1323,1389,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEAFF81FEC800069C58F8F1" collectingDate="1985-07" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="C. N Duckett" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEAFF81FEC8000698EBF8A8" box="[312,419,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="77038823FFEAFF81FEC8000698EBF8A8" box="[312,419,1829,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D0AF7611FFEAFF81FE3500069B30F8A9" box="[453,632,1829,1855]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="4863ACFBFFEAFF81FD7D00069A59F8A9" box="[653,785,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Puntarenas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="6A7CF863FFEAFF81FCEE00069A81F8A9" box="[798,969,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Osa Peninsula</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="AD67605AFFEAFF81FC26000698E3F8F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:20118797FFE8FF85FEF8057F9C5BFC80:AD67605AFFEAFF81FC26000698E3F8F1" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.466666" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" name="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula">Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CD8C5046FFEAFF81FE47006E9B51F8F1" box="[439,537,1869,1895]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="8.466666">8º 28'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CD8C5046FFEAFF81FDD5006E9BD3F8F1" box="[549,667,1869,1895]" degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-83.583336">83º 35'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="DC061041FFEAFF81FD58006E9A5EF8F1" box="[680,790,1869,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1985-07">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEAFF81FD58006E9A5EF8F1" box="[680,790,1869,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1985-07">July1985</collectingDate>
</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEAFF81FCC4006E9DE2F8F1" authority=", C. N Duckett" authorityName="C. N Duckett" box="[820,1194,1869,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittieri">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEAFF81FCC4006E9D44F8F0" box="[820,1036,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Passiflora pittieri,</emphasis>
<collectorName id="054D5357FFEAFF81FBE3006E9DE2F8F1" box="[1043,1194,1869,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C.N Duckett</collectorName>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE44FFEAFF81FB4E006E9C4CF8F1" box="[1214,1284,1869,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MCZ</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FCC76609FFEDFF86FEF801C498DCF8F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" targetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEDFF86FEF801C498DCF8F0" blockId="4.[264,1322,1767,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEDFF86FEF801C498C2F969" bold="true" box="[264,394,1767,1791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEDFF86FE6701C49B63F968" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[407,555,1767,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEDFF86FE6701C49B63F968" box="[407,555,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76609FFECFF87FEF800239DB6F8CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5093470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[264,367,1792,1816]" targetBox="[356,1234,322,1771]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFECFF87FEF800239DB6F8CE" blockId="5.[264,1325,1792,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFECFF87FEF8002398C3F88E" bold="true" box="[264,395,1792,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFECFF87FE6300229B60F88E" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[403,552,1793,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFECFF87FE6300229B60F88E" box="[403,552,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genitalic and reproductive structures. A, apex of male abdomen, showing internally directed flange of sternum VII; B, Female sterrnite VIII; C, median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view; D, lateral view of median lobe; E, left gonocoxa (vaginal palpus); F, spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FCC76609FFEFFF84FC04061F9DB2FD85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093556" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5093556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093556/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[1012,1116,316,340]" targetBox="[263,1003,308,937]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEFFF84FC04061F9DB2FD85" blockId="6.[1012,1318,316,531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FC04061F9D31FEC2" bold="true" box="[1012,1145,316,340]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FB7D061E9C6EFEC2" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[1165,1318,317,340]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FB7D061E9C6EFEC2" box="[1165,1318,317,340]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female genital system, Lateral view, top; Ventral view, bottom. Size of individual structures can be inferred from figure 4, all structures drawn to the same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEFFF84FEC804EB9B46FAB4" blockId="6.[264,1325,968,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FEC804EB9D3DFBA4" collectingDate="1985-07-31" collectionCode="MCZ, CASC, MNCR, MIZA, BMNH, USNM" collectorName="C. N Duckett" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Parque Nacional Corcovado" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="15" stateProvince="Puntarenas" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FEC804EB98AEFC77" box="[312,486,968,993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="77038823FFEFFF84FEC804EB98E7FC77" box="[312,431,968,993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(39)
</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="D0AF7611FFEFFF84FE0C04EB9BE4FC74" box="[508,684,968,994]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="BEBEFD08FFEFFF84FD4D04EB9B94FC74" box="[701,732,968,994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6A7CF863FFEFFF84FD1904EB9A25FC74" box="[745,877,968,994]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="41664E0DFFEFFF84FC8804EB9D6AFC74" box="[888,1058,968,994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Osa Peninsula</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="4863ACFBFFEFFF84FBDD04EB9817FB9C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parque Nacional Corcovado</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="AD67605AFFEFFF84FE9D04D39B5AFB9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:20118797FFE8FF85FEF8057F9C5BFC80:AD67605AFFEFFF84FE9D04D39B5AFB9C" box="[365,530,1008,1034]" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Parque Nacional Corcovado" name="Sirena station" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Sirena station</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CD8C5046FFEFFF84FDEF04D39B32FB9C" box="[543,634,1008,1034]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="8.466666">8º 28'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CD8C5046FFEFFF84FD7804D39BBDFB9C" box="[648,757,1008,1034]" degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="925" value="-83.583336">83º 35'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FCF304D39A3EFB9C" box="[771,886,1008,1034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1985-07">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FCF304D39A3EFB9C" box="[771,886,1008,1034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1985-07">July 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
, ex
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FC4404D39C63FB9C" authority=", C. N Duckett" authorityName="C. N Duckett" box="[948,1323,1008,1034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittieri">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FC4404D39DCCFB9F" box="[948,1156,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Passiflora pittieri</emphasis>
,
<collectorName id="054D5357FFEFFF84FB6504D39C63FB9C" box="[1173,1323,1008,1034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.N Duckett</collectorName>
</taxonomicName>
leg. (2 each deposited in
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE44FFEFFF84FDCF033B9BC9FBA4" box="[575,641,1048,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MCZ</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE44FFEFFF84FD7F033B9B97FBA4" box="[655,735,1048,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CASC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE44FFEFFF84FD1C033B9A0DFBA4" box="[748,837,1048,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNCR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE44FFEFFF84FCA3033B9AE9FBA4" box="[851,929,1048,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MIZA</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE44FFEFFF84FC5E033B9D41FBA4" box="[942,1033,1048,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE44FFEFFF84FBE7033B9D26FBA4" box="[1047,1134,1048,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FB8E033B9DB6FBA4" box="[1150,1278,1048,1074]" collectingDate="1985-07-31" collectionCode="CNDC" collectorName="C. N Duckett" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">3 (CNDC)</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FAE5033B9A14FBCC" collectingDate="1986-07-31" collectionCode="CNDC" collectorName="C. N Duckett" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">
5, same location and collector,
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FDA603639B83FBCC" box="[598,715,1088,1114]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1986-07">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FDA603639B83FBCC" box="[598,715,1088,1114]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1986-07">July 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, 3, (EGRC),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FC9403639AAEFBCC" box="[868,998,1088,1114]" collectingDate="1986-07-31" collectionCode="CNDC" collectorName="C. N Duckett" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">1 (CNDC),</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FC1D03639D28FBCC" box="[1005,1120,1088,1114]" collectingDate="1986-07-31" collectionCode="CUIC" collectorName="C. N Duckett" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">1 (CUIC)</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FB9C03639A60FB14" collectingDate="1988-01-31" collectionCode="CNDC, MZSP" collectorName="C. N Duckett" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">
7, same location and collector,
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FE5F034B9B54FB14" box="[431,540,1128,1154]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1988-01">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FE5F034B9B54FB14" box="[431,540,1128,1154]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1988-01">Jan 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
, 5 (CNDC) 2 (MZSP)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FCC5034B9BDBFB3C" collectingDate="1986-06-30" collectionCode="FAMU, TAMU, AMSA" collectorName="C. D. Thomas" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="8" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">
8, same location,
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FBF6034B9D29FB14" box="[1030,1121,1128,1154]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1986-06">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FBF6034B9D29FB14" box="[1030,1121,1128,1154]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1986-06">vi.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="054D5357FFEFFF84FB9E034B9C47FB14" box="[1134,1295,1128,1154]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C.D. Thomas</collectorName>
, 4 (FAMU), 2 (TAMU), 2 (AMSA)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FD5203B39C4FFB3C" box="[674,1287,1168,1194]" collectingDate="1980-07-23" collectionCode="FAMU" collectorName="J. Longino" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">
1, same location,
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FC8603B39AB7FB3C" box="[886,1023,1168,1194]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1980-07-23">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FC8603B39AB7FB3C" box="[886,1023,1168,1194]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1980-07-23">23.vii.1980</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="054D5357FFEFFF84FBFD03B39DC7FB3C" box="[1037,1167,1168,1194]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">J. Longino</collectorName>
, (FAMU)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FAE503B39AA5FB44" collectingDate="1980-08-06" collectingDateMax="1981-05-07" collectingDateMin="1980-08-06" collectionCode="FAMU" collectorName="J. Longino" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="BEBEFD08FFEFFF84FAE503B39C6CFB3C" box="[1301,1316,1168,1194]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</specimenCount>
, same location and collector,
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FDAE039B9BA8FB44" box="[606,736,1208,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1980-08-06">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FDAE039B9BA8FB44" box="[606,736,1208,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1980-08-06">6.viii.1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, &amp;
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FCFE039B9A3CFB44" box="[782,884,1208,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1981-05-07">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FCFE039B9A3CFB44" box="[782,884,1208,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1981-05-07">7.v.1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, (
<collectionCode id="CEA9AE44FFEFFF84FC7B039B9AADFB44" box="[907,997,1208,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FAMU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="18D03CDCFFEFFF84FC0B039B9B46FAB4" collectingDate="1980-06-30" collectionCode="INBIO" collectorName="G. Fonseca" country="Costa Rica" county="Osa Peninsula" latitude="8.466666" location="Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena station" longLatPrecision="1301" longitude="-83.583336" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Osa Peninsula" typeStatus="paratype">
2, same location,
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FB3E039B9C60FB44" box="[1230,1320,1208,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-06">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FB3E039B9C60FB44" box="[1230,1320,1208,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1993-06">vi 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
&quot;L S 2705000_5083000 #2098&quot; and
<date id="DC061041FFEFFF84FD3A03C39A66FB6C" box="[714,814,1248,1274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1994-07">
<collectingDate id="CC42E9A9FFEFFF84FD3A03C39A66FB6C" box="[714,814,1248,1274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1994-07">vii 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
&quot;L S 2705000_5083000 #2853&quot;, both
<collectorName id="054D5357FFEFFF84FAFD03C39820FAB4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. Fonseca</collectorName>
leg. (INBIO).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A2650AFFEFFF84FEC802139A3BFAE4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEFFF84FEC802139A3BFAE4" blockId="6.[264,1325,968,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FEC8021398FBFADF" box="[312,435,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named for the
<typeStatus id="77038823FFEFFF84FD8902139BE3FADC" box="[633,683,1328,1354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FCE802139A28FADF" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[792,864,1328,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FCE802139A28FADF" box="[792,864,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is also Spanish for mermaid; to be treated as noun in apposition. Gender is feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E0A2650AFFEFFF85FEC802A39C5BFC80" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEFFF84FEC802A39DC7F9AC" blockId="6.[264,1325,968,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FEC802A398D6FA0F" box="[312,414,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks</emphasis>
. The life history and basic oviposition and feeding behaviors of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FB2602A39818FA57" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FB2602A39818FA57" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were reported by
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEFFF84FDDA028B9BA8FA54" author="Duckett, C. N." box="[554,736,1448,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref2360" refString="Duckett, C. N. (1989) Natural history of Pedilia sp. A and its interactions with other herbivores of Passiflora pittieri. Entomography, 6, 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1989">Duckett (1989)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FD1C028B9AD9FA57" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[748,913,1448,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FD1C028B9AD9FA57" box="[748,913,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is strictly monophagous on
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FB11028B98D4FA7F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittieri">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FB11028B98D4FA7F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Passiflora pittieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FE4902F39B2FFA7C" box="[441,615,1488,1514]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Passifloraceae</taxonomicName>
: subgenus
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FD1D02F39A2CFA7F" box="[749,868,1488,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Astrophea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FD1D02F39A2CFA7F" box="[749,868,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Astrophea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEFFF84FC7102F39D60FA7C" author="Duckett, C. N." box="[897,1064,1488,1514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref2360" refString="Duckett, C. N. (1989) Natural history of Pedilia sp. A and its interactions with other herbivores of Passiflora pittieri. Entomography, 6, 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1989">Duckett 1989</bibRefCitation>
), a woody liana (See
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEFFF84FEF802DB9803F984" box="[264,331,1528,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[931,1034,316,340]" captionTargetBox="[264,915,315,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-146@3.[264,915,315,1298]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. New shoot of Passiflora pittieri bearing eggs of Heliconius hewitsoni (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and several Pedilia sirena adults. Note flea beetle feeding damage at base of the shoot and partially eaten Heliconius eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093466/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig 2</figureCitation>
), which also occurs in
<collectingCountry id="D0AF7611FFEFFF84FD9E02DB9B83F984" box="[622,715,1528,1554]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
and parts of northern
<collectingCountry id="D0AF7611FFEFFF84FC1302DB9D13F984" box="[995,1115,1528,1554]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEFFF84FB9F02DB9C56F984" author="Longino, J. T." box="[1135,1310,1528,1554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref2608" refString="Longino, J. T. (1984) Shoots, parasitoids, and ants as forces in the population dynamics of Heliconius hewitsoni in Costa Rica. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin." type="book" year="1984">Longino 1984</bibRefCitation>
). Further collections in these areas might expand the known range of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FBD301039DC0F9AF" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[1059,1160,1568,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FBD301039DC0F9AF" box="[1059,1160,1568,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P.sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEFFF85FEC8016B9D88FEC8" blockId="6.[264,1325,968,1874]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1324,284,790]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
This species has been mentioned in at least three publications as &quot;
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FBBC016B9DA4F9F4" box="[1100,1260,1608,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FBBC016B9DE8F9F7" box="[1100,1184,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pedilia</emphasis>
sp. A
</taxonomicName>
&quot; in a phylogenetic analysis of the sub­tribe
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FD2B01539D7CF91C" authority="(Duckett 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Duckett" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[731,1076,1648,1674]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Disonychina">Disonychina (Duckett 1999)</taxonomicName>
, in a comparison of female reproductive structures (
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEFFF84FD8F01BB9A6AF924" author="Duckett, C. N." box="[639,802,1688,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref2394" refString="Duckett, C. N. (1995) Variation in reproductive structures. Chrysomela, 29, 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1995">Duckett 1995</bibRefCitation>
) and in an ecological study (
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEFFF84FB8901BB9C57F924" author="Duckett, C. N." box="[1145,1311,1688,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref2360" refString="Duckett, C. N. (1989) Natural history of Pedilia sp. A and its interactions with other herbivores of Passiflora pittieri. Entomography, 6, 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1989">Duckett 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FEF801E398E4F94F" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[264,428,1728,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FEF801E398E4F94F" box="[264,428,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is brilliant orange in life (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEFFF84FD2D01E39A6BF94C" box="[733,803,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[931,1034,316,340]" captionTargetBox="[264,915,315,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-146@3.[264,915,315,1298]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. New shoot of Passiflora pittieri bearing eggs of Heliconius hewitsoni (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and several Pedilia sirena adults. Note flea beetle feeding damage at base of the shoot and partially eaten Heliconius eggs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093466/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) but may fade to a pale creamy white if preserved in alcohol. The living orange color is the same as the eggs of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FBC301CB9877F8BC" authority="Stgr." authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hewitsoni">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FBC301CB9C62F897" box="[1075,1322,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Heliconius hewitsoni</emphasis>
Stgr.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FEBE003398AAF8BC" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[334,482,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FE1C00339BC7F8BC" box="[492,655,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
), a species which is also monophagous on
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEFFF84FB7200339870F8C7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittieri">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEFFF84FB7200339870F8C7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Passiflora pittieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and which will avoid shoots that have received conspecific eggs in previous days (
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEEFF85FEE0063F98F3FEA0" author="Longino, J. T." box="[272,443,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref2608" refString="Longino, J. T. (1984) Shoots, parasitoids, and ants as forces in the population dynamics of Heliconius hewitsoni in Costa Rica. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin." type="book" year="1984">Longino 1984</bibRefCitation>
, Duckett
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FDDE063F9BD7FEA3" box="[558,671,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pers. Obs</emphasis>
.). Therefore the similarity in color of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FB96063F9C43FEA3" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[1126,1291,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FB96063F9C43FEA3" box="[1126,1291,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to an egg mass of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FE4F06679B1AFECB" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1875" box="[447,594,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hewitsoni">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FE4F06679B1AFECB" box="[447,594,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. hewitsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have ecological significance (Duckett,
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FBAC06679DE6FECB" box="[1116,1198,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in prep</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8073681FFEEFF85FEC8064F9C5BFC80" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
It is also notable that
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FDB2064F9BA1FE13" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[578,745,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FDB2064F9BA1FE13" box="[578,745,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a prominent mandibular mola (
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEEFF85FB6C064F9C6AFE10" box="[1180,1314,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 3e,f</figureCitation>
) and that this mola has two separate grinding surfaces and textures (See
<figureCitation id="30832A04FFEEFF85FBA606B79D8EFE38" box="[1110,1222,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[338,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-69@4.[337,1255,313,1748]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pedilia sirena, head and mouth parts, A, frontal view of head, antennae removed, total length 0.6mm; B, labrum, magnification 250X; C, ventral view of maxillary palpus, X 295; D, ventral view of labium, 325X; D, interior view of right mandible, 325X; F, detail of mandibular mola,1350X." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5093468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5093468/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 3f</figureCitation>
). Mandibular molae have been reported for few galerucines.
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEEFF85FC35069F981EFE68" author="Lingafelter, S. W. &amp; Konstantinov, A. S." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="397 - 416" refId="ref2649" refString="Lingafelter, S. W. &amp; Konstantinov, A. S. (1999) The monophyly and relative rank of alticine and galerucine leaf beetles: A cladistic analysis using adult morphological characters (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 30 (4), 397 - 416." type="journal article" year="1999">Lingafelter and Konstantinov (1999)</bibRefCitation>
code the mandibular mola as missing for all but two of 21 galerucine genera analyzed.
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEEFF85FEA7052F9BEFFDB0" author="Crowson, R. &amp; Crowson, E." box="[343,679,524,550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="97 - 118" refId="ref2290" refString="Crowson, R., &amp; Crowson, E. (1996) The phylogenetic relations of Galerucinae-Alticinae. In: Jolivet, P. H. A. and Cox., M. L., (eds) Chrysomelidae Biology. Vol. 1: The Classification, phylogeny and Genetics, SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 97 - 118." type="book chapter" year="1996">Crowson and Crowson 1996</bibRefCitation>
report mandibular molae from
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FBEA052F9DDCFDB3" box="[1050,1172,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Arisopoda</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FB54052F9C6CFDB3" box="[1188,1316,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diabrotica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FB54052F9C6CFDB3" box="[1188,1316,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diabrotica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FEF805179B39FDDB" authority=", Ergana Nonarthra" authorityName="Ergana Nonarthra" box="[264,625,564,589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Diacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FEF805179B39FDDB" box="[264,625,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diacantha, Ergana Nonarthra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FD5E05179A66FDDB" box="[686,814,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FD5E05179A62FDDB" authorityName="Weise" authorityYear="1902" box="[686,810,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Prosmidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosmidia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
noting it as a Galerucine feature probably associated with pollen feeding.
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FD68057F9A09FDE3" authorityName="Duckett" authorityYear="2003" box="[664,833,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pedilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sirena">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FD68057F9A09FDE3" box="[664,833,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedilia sirena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known to feed on pollen despite extensive observations by the author (see also
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEEFF85FCD905A79A83FD08" author="Duckett, C. N." box="[809,971,644,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref2360" refString="Duckett, C. N. (1989) Natural history of Pedilia sp. A and its interactions with other herbivores of Passiflora pittieri. Entomography, 6, 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1989">Duckett 1989</bibRefCitation>
). However, a single, but similarly ridged mola, was reported from a disonychine flea beetle on
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FBEA058F9891FD78" authority="Duckett and Moya (1999)" authorityName="Duckett and Moya" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Ptocadica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tica">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FBEA058F9D8DFD53" box="[1050,1221,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ptocadica tica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEEFF85FB3E058F9891FD78" author="Duckett, C. N. &amp; Sandra Moya, S." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="311 - 319" refId="ref2524" refString="Duckett, C. N. &amp; Sandra Moya, S. (1999) A new species of Ptocadica Harold (Chrysomelidae: Alticini) from Costa Rica. Coleopterist's Bulletin, 53 (4), 311 - 319." type="journal article" year="1999">Duckett and Moyá (1999)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
that has never been reported to feed on pollen, and from a still undescribed species of
<taxonomicName id="6FB84D02FFEEFF85FE1005DF9A35FC80" authority="(Duckett and Daza 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Duckett and Daza" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[480,893,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Alagoasa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9ACCEA93FFEEFF85FE1005DF9B07FC83" box="[480,591,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alagoasa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CC294B70FFEEFF85FDAE05DF9A3DFC80" author="Duckett, C. N. &amp; Daza, J. D." box="[606,885,764,790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref2479" refString="Duckett, C. N. &amp; Daza, J. D. (2003) A new species of flea beetle in genus Alagoasa Bechyne (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from highland Costa Rica. Coleopterists' Bulletin (in press)." type="book" year="2003">Duckett and Daza 2003</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
whose eating habits are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>