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<taxonomicName id="4503E003E8E8735723FB81DF4029EF18" ID-CoL="75N6G" ID-ENA="1814186" LSID="F9BD955E-B313-5B58-84E7-B8CF46142320" authority="(Menzies, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Menzies" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Paradella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradella dianae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianae">Paradella dianae (Menzies, 1962)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="201B156CA74D61566795D5009A8CDD77" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">
<figureCitation id="BD2E14CB6822D657BA5311864D7A89FF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paracerceis sculpta (Holmes, 1904), male, (CMNC 1992 - 0513). A. Dorsal view; B. Lateral view. Paradella dianae (Menzies, 1962), male, (CMNC 1990 - 0073); C. Dorsal view; D. Pleotelson, dorsal view; E. Sphaeroma quadridentatum (Say, 1818); F. Sphaeroma terebrans, Bate 1866. Tecticeps convexus Richardson, 1899, male, (CMNC 1992 - 0541); G. Dorsal view; H. Head ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.103682.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873219" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="73BF39754CC76E94EDE89E4302A5A28D" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="4A57AB62A5DB369034213BD03D522E88" authorityName="Menzies" authorityYear="1962" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamenopsis dianae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianae">Dynamenopsis dianae</taxonomicName>
Menzies, 1962b: 341, fig. 3.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="B35DB0FDF1B72DE9C0901F3A7035B99B" authorityName="Menzies" authorityYear="1962" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Dynamenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dynamenella dianae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianae">Dynamenella dianae</taxonomicName>
.- Menzies &amp; Glynn, 1968: 63, 113, fig. 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE9D558CB9638732C2E4E1ED534F50A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="5123D9B0D5BEE358CBC1ACA4E2943684" baseAuthorityName="Menzies" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Paradella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradella dianae" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianae">Paradella dianae</taxonomicName>
.- Harrison &amp; Holdich, 1982: 104, fig. 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA6D3471EB2084150C31AFD768E0C60F" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="E4D01F69A9371CFD89E3F3472A1F0DB7" baseAuthorityName="Menzies &amp; Glynn" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Paradella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradella quadripunctata" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadripunctata">Paradella quadripunctata</taxonomicName>
.-
<bibRefCitation id="89C268D6CD02C413114D546F51247734" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48315" author="Van Dolah, RF" journalOrPublisher="Vicksburg, U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" refId="B96" refString="Van Dolah, RF, Knott, DM, Calder, DR, 1984. Ecological effects of rubble weir jetty construction at Murrells Inlet, South Carolina-Vol. I: colonization and community development on new jetties. Technical Report EL-84-4. Prepared by Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, SC, for Coastal Engineering Research Center. Vicksburg, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48315" title="Ecological effects of rubble weir jetty construction at Murrells Inlet, South Carolina-Vol. I: colonization and community development on new jetties. Technical Report EL- 84 - 4. Prepared by Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, SC, for Coastal Engineering Research Center." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48315" year="1984">Van Dolah et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D55BE2D96880F9472B37DBFD6473AC60" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" type="notes">
<paragraph id="FCB91C5889D659934437F5FFCF8B4662" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20B5DBED5078EDFDB7228F1F1715DE1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">
A comprehensive synonymy to the species can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="B4C3F1FEF29EB18F5AD8FE7B365B68E4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4408" author="Martinez-Laiz, G" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" refId="B55" refString="Martinez-Laiz, G, Ros, M, Guerra-Garcia, JM, 2018. Marine exotic isopods from the Iberian Peninsula and nearby waters. PeerJ 6e4408. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4408" title="Marine exotic isopods from the Iberian Peninsula and nearby waters. PeerJ 6 e 4408." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4408" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="5682070F6738DFF3A88DA2A8F5A1E660" originalValue="Martínez-Laiz">Martinez-Laiz</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018
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: 8-10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50FC9503E0CADC8F62A2A1691D0071A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="D89B86662A53EB796A5EB34EE8074E00" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27A181DBE20681821A3BF611433B52D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">The Bay of San Quintin, Baja California.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E9928296018A7CFB62822B62264411F" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0FA3EDBFE4E033B29D3BA523CBE5C0E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="043A948C4E344F8835AAD92900ACC585" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">
<materialsCitation id="F28C3E22E4A07859229EDABE7CCF5DC3" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="USA" location="USA" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4">
<collectingCountry id="EDB9A13DEFB5891D50393AB088BE2B23" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<specimenCount id="0879C2A96EE1FE8F33D429BA2DEC1577" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(up to
<quantity id="C40468FBD084A15A62CB7CE451815D2B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="DB2BE838C17846B7FFB80E993457F8A5" collectingDate="1975-04-08" collectorName="E. L. Bousfield" country="United States of America" county="Carteret County" location="Carteret County" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="North Carolina">
<specimenCount id="C822ECBCDC37E125BFCE6C21BE839DCE" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(up to
<quantity id="2F055F6EA05E5973953CF6B5005A0ACB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
);
<collectingCounty id="A9BB95363BD3B22595DB6417B9868F9E">Carteret County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="6E1B30B458D60B7809B4CE0AAD0DBB90" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingDate id="FB5A1B195FA11C469A72BF80333FA936" value="1975-04-08">8 Apr. 1975</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="429E18749464D4D7878DD0D4EFFE72E3">E. L. Bousfield</collectorName>
leg.; CMNC 1990-0073
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0F755FF347513B100225DA44E7892411" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="649D80E299A4595BA59EFAB244647909" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36622F4C0AE58BAC6ADF21E16DD8B8D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">
Baja California (
<bibRefCitation id="F70D85A48357A9D97D70A53A662C6AF5" author="Menzies, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" pagination="331 - 348" refId="B58" refString="Menzies, RJ, 1962b. The marina isopod fauna of Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico. Pacific Naturalist 3 (11): 331 - 348" title="The marina isopod fauna of Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico." volume="3" year="1962 b">Menzies 1962b</bibRefCitation>
), Italy, Egypt, Spain, Cyprus, Turkey, Libya Pakistan (Arabian Sea);
<normalizedToken id="6D404BA6D99E8508B4575CA61A7D1FFE" originalValue="Cádiz">Cadiz</normalizedToken>
Bay, Caleta
<normalizedToken id="3892B82305155D4D5640B06F2D06DC5B" originalValue="Vélez">Velez</normalizedToken>
, Motril, Barbate (Spain), Australia (
<bibRefCitation id="6E747A090D22A21C61A8A9DC76C49D8E" author="Menzies, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" pagination="331 - 348" refId="B58" refString="Menzies, RJ, 1962b. The marina isopod fauna of Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico. Pacific Naturalist 3 (11): 331 - 348" title="The marina isopod fauna of Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico." volume="3" year="1962 b">Menzies 1962b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FE8C40439C0C6B5561F7C0CBAF6613E5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3954" author="Ulman, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" refId="B95" refString="Ulman, A, Ferrario, J, Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A, Arvanitidis, C, Bandi, A, Bertolino, M, Bogi, C, Chatzigeorgiou, G, Cicek, BA, Deidun, A, Ramos-Espla, A, Kocak, C, Lorenti, M, Martinez-Laiz, G, Merlo, G, Princisgh, E, Scribano, G, Marchini, A, 2017. A massive update of non-indigenous species records in Mediterranean marinas. PeerJ 5: e3954. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3954" title="A massive update of non-indigenous species records in Mediterranean marinas. PeerJ 5: e 3954." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3954" year="2017">Ulman et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DBE5F6D4731A7E2F97C73AA1B5030FE5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4408" author="Martinez-Laiz, G" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" refId="B55" refString="Martinez-Laiz, G, Ros, M, Guerra-Garcia, JM, 2018. Marine exotic isopods from the Iberian Peninsula and nearby waters. PeerJ 6e4408. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4408" title="Marine exotic isopods from the Iberian Peninsula and nearby waters. PeerJ 6 e 4408." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4408" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="4996EBFCE9D1A739F13595A07BF99F04" originalValue="Martínez-Laiz">Martinez-Laiz</normalizedToken>
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). Its presence in different parts of the world, especially port cities, indicates a transport via shipping.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="33105400591FF8FEFF0EEDBBB2F4E6AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="ADE319F6179CF3427713E6D352E9955C" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1801" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Sphaeroma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaeroma" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FBA97453E2EC5D1EC9F290A11FB5B10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="375">Sphaeroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bosc, 1802
</emphasis>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225226" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
10.
<taxonomicName LSID="F9BDC148-EE76-5B41-9109-DA35040799E9" authority="D. M. Johnson, Novon 9: 55 - 58. 1999." authorityName="D. M. Johnson, Novon 9: 55 58. 1999." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia mwasumbii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mwasumbii">Xylopia mwasumbii D. M. Johnson, Novon 9: 55-58. 1999.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Xylopia lukei and X. mwasumbii. A-F, H X. lukei A Habit B, C Stamens, abaxial view D Outer petal, adaxial view E Inner petal, adaxial view F Flower, side view H Flower with petals removed, showing carpels G, I-P X. mwasumbii G Fruit I Leaves J Flower, side view K, M Stamens, abaxial view L Gynoecium and surrounding staminal cone N Flower gall O Seed with aril removed, side view P Seed with aril removed, view of micropylar end. A-F, H from Luke et al. 10166 (MO) G from Johnson &amp; Ndangalasi 1899 (OWU) I, J from Johnson 1920 (OWU) K-M from Johnson 1928 A (OWU) N from Johnson &amp; Ndangalasi 1948 (OWU) O, P from Johnson &amp; Ndangalasi 1884 (OWU) K-M, O, P were drawn from ethanol-preserved material and so have dimensions slightly greater than those in the description, which is based on dried specimens. Reproduced with the permission of the Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199103" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 18G, I-P</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<pageBreakToken pageId="75" pageNumber="76" start="start">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-02-16" collectorName="D. M. Johnson, H. J. Ndangalasi" country="TANZANIA" elevation="200" latitude="-6.866667" location="Pugu Forest Reserve" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="39.1" municipality="Kisarawe District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dar-es-Salaam Region" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Tanzania">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Dar es Salaam">Dar-es-Salaam Region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Kisarawe District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:0D5F287273A53BD2BED9CC13338C434A" country="TANZANIA" latitude="-6.866667" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="39.1" municipality="Kisarawe District" name="Pugu Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar-es-Salaam Region">Pugu Forest Reserve</location>
, along N road
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
E of brick factory,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.866667">6°52'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.1">39°06'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-02-16">16 Feb 1996</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<collectorName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="76" pageNumber="77" start="start">D</pageBreakToken>
. M. Johnson
</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>H. J. Ndangalasi</collectorName>
1884
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: OWU!; isotypes: DSM! K! MO! [217000])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Tree</emphasis>
up to 9 m tall, d.b.h. up to 10 cm, often with multiple trunks, the principal trunk often arching rather than erect; bark white with gray and orange mottling, mostly smooth but exfoliating in patches.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Twigs</emphasis>
gray, sparsely appressed-pubescent, the hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, eventually light gray to gray-brown, glabrate; nodes frequently with two or more axillary branches.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Leaf</emphasis>
with larger blades 4.6-8.7 cm long, 2.4-4.3 cm wide, subcoriaceous, concolorous but paler abaxially, broadly elliptic to elliptic, occasionally ovate, elliptic-ovate, or obovate-elliptic, apex blunt-acuminate with an acumen 4-8 mm long, occasionally obtuse and emarginate, base broadly cuneate and decurrent on petiole, glabrous adaxially, sparsely sericeous abaxially; midrib plane adaxially, raised and somewhat keeled abaxially, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, 9-11 per side, diverging at 55-70° from the midrib, these and higher-order veins indistinct but raised adaxially, slightly raised abaxially; petiole 4.5-8 mm long, flattened to canaliculate adaxially, glabrous to sparsely appressed-pubescent.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves, 1-3-flowered, sparsely pubescent to glabrate; peduncle 1 per axil or absent, 1.9-4 mm long; pedicels 1-2 per peduncle, 2.4-3.5 mm long, 0.8-1.6 mm thick; bracts 2-3, evenly spaced along pedicel, caducous to persistent, 0.8-1.6 mm long, ovate, quadrate, semicircular, or deltate, occasionally tearing down the center as the inflorescence enlarges, apex obtuse; buds ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex obtuse.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Sepals</emphasis>
slightly spreading at anthesis, 1/4-1/2-connate, 1.4-2.2 mm long, 1.5-2.2 mm wide, coriaceous, elliptic, apex obtuse to acute, sparsely sericeous abaxially.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Petals</emphasis>
olive-yellow to white
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">in vivo</emphasis>
; outer petals spreading at anthesis, 8-10 mm long, 2-3 mm wide at base, 2.3-2.6 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous to slightly fleshy, linear-lanceolate to narrowly triangular, apex acute, appressed-pubescent adaxially, sericeous abaxially; inner petals erect at anthesis, 5.7-7.5 mm long, 1.8-2.2 mm wide at base, ca. 2.0 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous to slightly fleshy, lanceolate, apex acute, base with undifferentiated margin, glabrous or with a few hairs.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Stamens</emphasis>
40-45; fertile stamens 1.5-1.8 mm long, narrowly oblong, apex of connective obtuse to truncate, not exceeding anther thecae, anthers 6-13-locellate, filament ca. 0.7 mm long; outer staminodes absent; inner staminodes absent, but sometimes innermost stamens only 3-4-locellate; staminal cone 0.8-0.9 mm in diameter, 0.4-0.5 mm high, concealing only the bases of the ovaries, rim laciniate.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Carpels</emphasis>
2-4; ovaries 1.5-1.7 mm long, narrowly oblong, sericeous, stigmas slightly separated, 0.7-1.1 mm long, lanceolate-falcate, flattened and longitudinally grooved on inner surface, glabrous.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Torus</emphasis>
flat, 1.5-1.6 mm in diameter.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fruit</emphasis>
of up to 3 sparsely pubescent to glabrate monocarps borne on a pedicel 4.5-6 mm long, 1.1-1.4 mm thick, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, with sepals and sometimes persistent; torus not expanded in fruit, obscured by sepals.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Monocarps</emphasis>
with yellow-green exterior marked with contrasting green raised venation
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">in vivo</emphasis>
, 2-2.7 cm long, ca. 1.1 cm wide, 0.4-0.5 cm thick, oblong, not or only weakly torulose, apex truncate, obliquely mucronate, the beak 1-2 mm long, base contracted into a stipe 5-8.5 mm long, 1.1-1.6 mm thick, with raised veins forming
<pageBreakToken pageId="77" pageNumber="78" start="start">oblique</pageBreakToken>
ridges and otherwise slightly wrinkled and finely verrucose; pericarp 0.5-0.6 mm thick.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Seeds</emphasis>
2-4 per monocarp, in a single row, lying oblique or perpendicular to long axis, 8.5-9 mm long, 5.5-6 mm wide, ca. 5.4 mm thick, ellipsoid, broadly elliptic in cross section, truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, light brown, smooth, shiny, raphe/antiraphe plane, visible as a band encircling the seed, micropylar scar 2.2-2.5 mm long, 2.0-2.5 mm wide, elliptic to circular; sarcotesta absent; aril white
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">in vivo</emphasis>
, light brown when dried, cupular, 4-5 mm in diameter, 1.7-2.2 mm high, fleshy, smooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Specimens with flowers were collected from February to May, and with fruits from February to June. We observed no definable peak of flowering in the field but only a few flowers at anthesis were present at any time on a given tree during the flowering period. Similarly, very few fruits could be found on an individual tree at any one time. Vegetative growth seemed to have been stimulated by the short rains of November and December, with production of flower buds following shortly thereafter.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Distributions of Xylopia lukei, X. mwasumbii, and X. tenuipetala in eastern Africa. Bold lines represent country borders." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199104" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">19</figureCitation>
). Occurs in east-central Tanzania, in dry evergreen forest on small ridgetops and plateaus near the coast, with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Scorodophloeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Scorodophloeus fischeri" order="Fabales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fischeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Scorodophloeus fischeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dubard" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Engl." class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manilkara sulcata" order="Ebenales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Manilkara sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being frequent canopy associates; 0-300 m. Understory associates in the Pugu Forest Reserve include
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engl" authorityYear="1908" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Lasiodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lasiodiscus holtzii" order="Rosales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="holtzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Lasiodiscus holtzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvaria pandensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pandensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Uvaria pandensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. M. Johnson" authorityYear="1999" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvaria puguensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puguensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Uvaria puguensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Linaceae" genus="Hugonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hugonia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Hugonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hymenocardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenocardia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Hymenocardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Landolphia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Landolphia" order="Gentianales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Landolphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ochnaceae" genus="Ochna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ochna" order="Guttiferales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ochna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Suregada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Suregada" order="Geraniales" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Suregada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="local names">
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Local names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mgwaza, mgwaza dume (Kizaramo), mlambambulu (Kiswahili), nnoga (Kiswahili).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="TANZANIA" elevation="260" latitude="-6.9666667" location="Kisarawe District" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.9" municipality="Ruvu South Forest" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pwani">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectingCountry name="Tanzania">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Pwani">Pwani</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality>Ruvu South Forest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:23FBE498A2CF6B6ECF041DF62E16BEEC" country="TANZANIA" latitude="-6.9666667" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.9" municipality="Ruvu South Forest" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Pwani">Kisarawe District</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.9666667">6°58'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.9">38°54'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" unit="mi" value="30.0">30 mi</quantity>
SW of
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1964-03-10" collectingDateMax="2001-04-30" collectingDateMin="1964-03-10" collectorName="Frontier Tanzania, Pande, Hawthorne, Pande, W., Kisiju, Pugu, Johnson, Mwasumbi, Mwakanga, Ndangalasi, Mbago, Kazimzumbwi Ruvu South, Magogo, Mwangoka, Saidi" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" elevation="180" latitude="-6.9333334" location="Kisarawe District" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingDate value="1991-02-12" valueMax="1991-03-14" valueMin="1991-02-12">12 Feb-14 Mar 1991</collectingDate>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Frontier Tanzania</collectorName>
2128
</emphasis>
(K);
<collectorName>Pande</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate value="1982-07-20">20 Jul 1982</collectingDate>
(st),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Hawthorne</collectorName>
1360
</emphasis>
(K),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Hawthorne</collectorName>
1714
</emphasis>
(K);
<collectorName>Pande, W.</collectorName>
edge,
<collectingDate value="1982-08-19">19 Aug 1982</collectingDate>
(buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Hawthorne</collectorName>
1469
</emphasis>
(K);
<collectorName>Kisiju</collectorName>
, by the sea,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Hawthorne</collectorName>
1790
</emphasis>
(DSM);
<collectingCounty>Kisarawe District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Pugu Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, ridges along north road between
<collectorName>Pugu</collectorName>
railway station and brick works,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-6.875">6°52'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.1">39°06'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-02-29">29 Feb 1996</collectingDate>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Mwasumbi</collectorName>
1899
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:7D5EEEFF671B4EDD45006EBB545B85F6" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Kisarawe District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:227ACB47653AEE13395DAF8123D93B26" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Pugu Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Pugu Forest Reserve</location>
, along N road
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
E of brick factory,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.866667">6°52'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.1">39°06'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-04-02">2 Apr 1996</collectingDate>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
1920
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU),
<collectingDate value="1996-04-24">24 Apr 1996</collectingDate>
(fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
1928A
</emphasis>
(OWU, spirit collection only);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:B3AA6CD4FF2C0FF2367C99FEF81767DC" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Kisarawe District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:13CB8931932D96201D56C5132567A7D0" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Pugu Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Pugu Forest Reserve</location>
, ridgetop over road tunnel,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-6.875">6°52'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="39.091667">39°05'30&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-05-06">6 May 1996</collectingDate>
(fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Mwasumbi</collectorName>
1936
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:3231E8016DB68CB84D24F19DADF2B071" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Kisarawe District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:FA225236F9B2962A836865FC6C0347EF" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Pugu Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Pugu Forest Reserve</location>
,
<locationDeviation location="Dar-Kisarawe">S of Dar-Kisarawe</locationDeviation>
road, ridgetop near
<collectorName>Mwakanga</collectorName>
railway station,
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.9166665">6°55'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.1">39°06'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-06-22">22 Jun 1996</collectingDate>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Ndangalasi</collectorName>
1948
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:95BA433E9F294AFD5A6A47CB5EAF4738" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Bagamoyo District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Bagamoyo District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:FA5CB412C8023D53EF2A151E8E83AF13" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Zaraninge Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Zaraninge Forest Reserve</location>
,
<locationDeviation location="Hwy">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" unit="km" value="54.0">54 km</quantity>
E of Hwy
</locationDeviation>
, 6°04-13'S, 38°35-42'E,
<collectingDate value="1996-06-28">28 Jun 1996</collectingDate>
(buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Mbago</collectorName>
1963
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:F8E2E76100F7916E7FF9A1CF220AEE01" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Kisarawe District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:0833055722E17581551118CB54512197" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Pugu Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Pugu Forest Reserve</location>
, bus roundabout area ca.
<locationDeviation location="Kisarawe">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
E of Kisarawe
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-6.8916664">06°53'30&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.1">39°06'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-06-29">29 Jun 1996</collectingDate>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
1964B
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:B50494A2DEED3480FCF8745511C46352" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Kisarawe District</location>
,
<collectorName>Kazimzumbwi Ruvu South</collectorName>
[sic],
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Magogo</collectorName>
618
</emphasis>
(NHT, TFD); T6,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:0DC875BBEE6828D9D67BABB30A040E3F" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Ruvu South Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Ruvu South Forest Reserve</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:862FF4A38531752E0A9177BF078E5FEA" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Ufang'ombe area" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ufangombe">Ufang'ombe</normalizedToken>
area
</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.9333334">06°56'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.816666">38°49'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="180.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2001-04-30">30 Apr 2001</collectingDate>
(st),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectorName>Mwangoka</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Saidi</collectorName>
2099
</emphasis>
(MO);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:A9B6CC8A7BF8228678750B4B585EE462" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Kisarawe District</location>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:8917981BF5E5148EAEBC6F5E04DBC258" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Banda Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Banda Forest Reserve</location>
near
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:1AAC20580B492DD8DC495EA47CB339A5" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Mfyoza village" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Mfyoza village</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1969-11-12">12 Nov 1969</collectingDate>
(buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ruffo 301</emphasis>
(EA, K, NHT, TFD); Pande,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Rulangaranga et al. 53</emphasis>
(K, MO);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:CA0E4B46416CFF38AC4E7EAA43917BA6" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Kisarawe District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:2F8312E04DA776B040D1B0B901AC7257" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Pugu Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Pugu Forest Reserve</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1964-03-10">10 Mar 1964</collectingDate>
(buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<pageBreakToken pageId="78" pageNumber="79" start="start">Semsei</pageBreakToken>
3704
</emphasis>
(EA, K, TFD);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:5C02EBFBD0543380F74FE7652EAB1014" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Kisarawe District" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Kisarawe District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:52E05C1E5A4A6E4E538B792C57725F56" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Banda Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Banda Forest Reserve</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1969-11-12">12 Nov 1969</collectingDate>
(buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Shabani 471</emphasis>
(EA, K, TFD);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDC148EE765B419109DA35040799E9:2E792C7E2DE4C587548F4BB5C1ABBEEE" country="Tanzania" county="Kisarawe District" latitude="-6.9333334" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="38.816666" municipality="Pugu Forest Reserve" name="Pande Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Dar es Salaam">Pande Forest Reserve</location>
,
<locationDeviation location="Dar">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
WNW of Dar
</locationDeviation>
[es Salaam],
<collectingDate value="1975-02-08">8 Feb 1975</collectingDate>
(fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Wingfield 3311</emphasis>
(DSM, EA, K)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
An inconspicuous plant,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia mwasumbii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mwasumbii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Xylopia mwasumbii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was first recognized as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Xylopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;species B&quot; by
<bibRefCitation author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B176" refString="Verdcourt, B, 1971b. Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" title="Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds) Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1971 b">Verdcourt (1971b)</bibRefCitation>
. It is most similar to
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. tenuipetala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="tenuipetala">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">X. tenuipetala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northeastern
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, but the leaf blades are usually elliptic to broadly elliptic, with cuneate bases and blunt-acuminate to obtuse apices, the pedicels and petals are shorter, and the ovaries are pubescent. These two species have some of the lowest stamen numbers, 50 or fewer, of any African species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
For
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. mwasumbii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="mwasumbii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">X. mwasumbii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we calculated an EOO of
<quantity metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7019999999999995" unit="km" value="3702.0">3,702 km</quantity>
2 and an AOO of
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
2; there are only four other African species with a smaller global distribution. It was categorized as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, version 3.1 (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Species Survival Commission" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" refId="B82" refString="IUCN Species Survival Commission, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge, 1-32." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge, 1 - 32." year="2012">IUCN Species Survival Commission 2012</bibRefCitation>
), with a conservation assessment of B1ab(iii), Decreasing. The dry evergreen coastal forests where
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia mwasumbii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mwasumbii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Xylopia mwasumbii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows are still poorly known and very limited in extent. Within this rare forest formation, however, the species may be more common than is currently recognized: its green-tinted flowers and fruits are inconspicuous, and its principal flowering and fruiting occur largely during the long wet season.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia mwasumbii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mwasumbii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Xylopia mwasumbii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a strong resemblance to species of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diospyros" order="Ebenales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Diospyros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, in herbarium material, to other genera of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anonaceae" genus="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Annonaceae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
such as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Sphaerocoryne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sphaerocoryne" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Sphaerocoryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boutique" authorityYear="1951" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Toussaintia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toussaintia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Toussaintia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and may thus be misidentified in collections. The flower-galls, described by
<bibRefCitation author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refId="B176" refString="Verdcourt, B, 1971b. Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" title="Annonaceae. In: Milne-Redhead E, Polhill RM (Eds) Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1971 b">Verdcourt (1971b)</bibRefCitation>
, seem to be a frequent feature of the species, and may be useful for field identification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e52190" ID-PMC="PMC7205841" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-8-e52190" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4EE598BC99D8506FB10BD389A32B5A60" ID-PubMed="32398922" ModsDocID="1314-2828-8-e52190" checkinTime="1588265229323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Plotkin, David &amp; Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2020" docId="F9BDDDDF7B4F50509DF7DE51779BE45B" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 8: e52190" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 8" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e52190" docTitle="Bathycolpodes Prout 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="4EE598BC99D8506FB10BD389A32B5A60" lastPageNumber="52190" masterDocId="4EE598BC99D8506FB10BD389A32B5A60" masterDocTitle="Review of recent taxonomic changes to the emerald moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="52190" masterPageNumber="52190" pageNumber="52190" updateTime="1668125462316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Review of recent taxonomic changes to the emerald moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Plotkin, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America &amp; Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F9BDDDDF7B4F50509DF7DE51779BE45B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9BDDDDF7B4F50509DF7DE51779BE45B" lastPageNumber="52190" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
<taxonomicName LSID="F9BDDDDF-7B4F-5050-9DF7-DE51779BE45B" authority="Prout, 1912" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathycolpodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bathycolpodes Prout, 1912</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karisch &amp; Hoppe" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathycolpodes parexplanata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parexplanata">Bathycolpodes parexplanata</taxonomicName>
Karisch &amp; Hoppe, 2010 (&quot;sp. nov.&quot;)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karisch" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathycolpodes roehrichti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roehrichti">Bathycolpodes roehrichti</taxonomicName>
Karisch, 2010 (&quot;sp. nov.&quot;)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karisch &amp; Hoppe" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathycolpodes scheeli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scheeli">Bathycolpodes scheeli</taxonomicName>
Karisch &amp; Hoppe, 2010 (&quot;sp. nov.&quot;)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathycolpodes subferrata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subferrata">Bathycolpodes subferrata</taxonomicName>
Prout, 1930 (&quot;stat. nov.&quot;)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathycolpodes subfuscata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subfuscata">Bathycolpodes subfuscata</taxonomicName>
(Warren, 1902)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
Three new species were described (
<bibRefCitation author="Karisch, T" journalOrPublisher="Lambillionea" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" pagination="344 - 352" refId="B5536028" refString="Karisch, T, 2010. Geometridae der Expeditionen H. Hoppes nach Bioko 1. Teil: Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Lambillionea 110: 344 - 352" title="Geometridae der Expeditionen H. Hoppes nach Bioko 1. Teil: Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)." volume="110" year="2010">Karisch 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Although Henri Hoppe is credited with co-authorship of the new species
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karisch &amp; Hoppe" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathycolpodes parexplanata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parexplanata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">Bathycolpodes parexplanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. scheeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" rank="species" species="scheeli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">B. scheeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation author="Karisch, T" journalOrPublisher="Lambillionea" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" pagination="344 - 352" refId="B5536028" refString="Karisch, T, 2010. Geometridae der Expeditionen H. Hoppes nach Bioko 1. Teil: Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Lambillionea 110: 344 - 352" title="Geometridae der Expeditionen H. Hoppes nach Bioko 1. Teil: Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)." volume="110" year="2010">Karisch (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, he is not credited as an author of the publication.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">
The subspecies
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Bathycolpodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathycolpodes subfuscata subsp. subferrata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subfuscata" subSpecies="subferrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">Bathycolpodes subfuscata subferrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was elevated to the species
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. subferrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" rank="species" species="subferrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190">B. subferrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Karisch, T" journalOrPublisher="Lambillionea" pageId="0" pageNumber="52190" pagination="344 - 352" refId="B5536028" refString="Karisch, T, 2010. Geometridae der Expeditionen H. Hoppes nach Bioko 1. Teil: Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Lambillionea 110: 344 - 352" title="Geometridae der Expeditionen H. Hoppes nach Bioko 1. Teil: Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)." volume="110" year="2010">Karisch (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>