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<document id="B18FF028F264E99C35211E14ED1A28FD" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2012.759290" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5196420" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628868119280" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Salvador, Rodrigo B., Cunha, Carlo M. &amp; Simone, Luiz Ricardo L." docDate="2013" docId="F9232236586AD325445C0AFBFD0DC876" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.47.13-14.949-961.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 47 (13 - 14)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/95a522f5-371c-320b-aa56-f3d16176c76d/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Vegrandinia Salvador &amp; Cunha &amp; Simone 2013, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="956" masterDocId="051A5A4E586DD32D46600B5DFFDDCA08" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the orthalicid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) from Trindade Island, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="961" masterPageNumber="949" pageNumber="955" updateTime="1699059135969" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="32068191CC5B9381D2B37621D45EF7C2">Taxonomic revision of the orthalicid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) from Trindade Island, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87C71DCEF342B3408A5B9EACE80A00DA">Salvador, Rodrigo B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A36E13624EF7118FD39003DD89342A8">Cunha, Carlo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2AA4DB192846C4C794E9DABD55A2C2A2">Simone, Luiz Ricardo L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9A1D44AF2F672BD094A7693D18CF76AD">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D9E68E55E202DB2C18A77A08980B0801">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="F936B60F35887B4B1BB92513071F2210">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="CEA6BBC15F83EAD5A32D55419D644E22">2013-01-25</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="3990C0AB586AD32A445C0AFBFCF6CBB6" box="[572,811,422,447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A445C0AFBFCF6CBB6" blockId="7.[536,846,359,478]" box="[572,811,422,447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="2A7D244C586AD32A445C0AFBFCF6CBB6" box="[572,811,422,447]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A3586AD32A445C0AFBFD62CBB7" ID-CoL="7PKNW" authority="Salvador &amp; Cunha &amp; Simone, 2013" authorityName="Salvador &amp; Cunha &amp; Simone" authorityYear="2013" box="[572,703,422,447]" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Vegrandinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A445C0AFBFD62CBB7" bold="true" box="[572,703,422,447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Vegrandinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="58CDF249586AD32A44A60AFAFCF6CBB6" box="[710,811,423,447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3990C0AB586AD32A443B0A9BFCD1CBD6" box="[603,780,454,478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="description">
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A443B0A9BFCD1CBD6" blockId="7.[536,846,359,478]" box="[603,780,454,478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
(
<figureCitation id="E9B18FA5586AD32A44030A9BFCD9CBD6" box="[611,772,454,478]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[211,278,1552,1574]" captionTargetBox="[211,1171,161,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-5@3.[211,1171,161,1518]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. (A–C) Bulimulus brunoi (holotype, MNRJ 1128; H = 19.4 mm). (D) B. brunoi (MNRJ 1129; H = 20.7 mm). (E, F) B. brunoi, protoconch and teleoconch sculpture (MZSP 101245). (G) Naesiotus arnaldoi (holotype, MNRJ 3105; H = 9.5 mm). (H–J) N. arnaldoi (MZSP 104740; H = 10.8 mm). (K) N. arnaldoi (paratype, MNRJ 3105; H = 10 mm). (L) N. arnaldoi, protoconch sculpture (MZSP 101244). (M–O) Vegrandinia trindadensis (MZSP 104742; 5.2 mm). (P, Q) V. trindadensis (holotype, MNRJ 3711; H = 7 mm). (R, S) V. trindadensis (MZSP 104743), (R) protoconch sculpture, (S) broken aperture showing the lamellae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5196424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5196424/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Figures 2M–S</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3990C0AB586AD32A46B3095AFCCFC8A5" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B3095AFE81C816" blockId="7.[211,754,519,574]" box="[211,348,519,542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="2A7D244C586AD32A46B3095AFE81C816" box="[211,348,519,542]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" reason="5">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A46B3095AFE81C816" box="[211,348,519,542]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<typeStatus id="AE312D82586AD32A46B3095AFED4C816" box="[211,265,519,542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B3097BFD2FC836" blockId="7.[211,754,519,574]" box="[211,754,550,574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A3586AD32A46B3097BFD33C836" authority="Breure and Coelho, 1976" authorityName="Breure and Coelho" authorityYear="1976" box="[211,750,550,574]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trindadensis">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A46B3097BFE11C836" box="[211,460,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Bulimulus trindadensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED1586AD32A47B3097AFD33C836" author="Breure ASH &amp; Coelho ACS" box="[467,750,550,574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref5351" refString="Breure ASH, Coelho ACS. 1976. Notes on Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), 3. Bulimulus trindadensis sp. n. from Ilha da Trindade, Brazil. Basteria. 40: 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1976">Breure and Coelho, 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B30933FE5EC88E" blockId="7.[211,786,622,686]" box="[211,387,622,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="2A7D244C586AD32A46B30933FE5EC88E" box="[211,387,622,646]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" reason="5">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A46B30933FE5EC88E" box="[211,387,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Included species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B309CBFCCFC8A5" blockId="7.[211,786,622,686]" box="[211,786,661,686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A3586AD32A46B309CBFCD3C8A5" ID-CoL="7TKXV" authority="(Breure and Coelho 1976)" authorityName="Salvador &amp; Cunha &amp; Simone" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Breure and Coelho" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[211,782,661,686]" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Vegrandinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trindadensis">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A46B309CBFE3CC8A6" box="[211,481,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Vegrandinia trindadensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED1586AD32A478F09C8FCDAC8A5" author="Breure ASH &amp; Coelho ACS" box="[495,775,661,685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref5351" refString="Breure ASH, Coelho ACS. 1976. Notes on Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), 3. Bulimulus trindadensis sp. n. from Ilha da Trindade, Brazil. Basteria. 40: 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1976">Breure and Coelho 1976</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3990C0AB586AD32A46B30983FEE1C955" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B30983FE96C8FE" blockId="7.[211,1172,734,861]" box="[211,331,734,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="2A7D244C586AD32A46B30983FE96C8FE" box="[211,331,734,758]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" reason="5">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A46B30983FE96C8FE" box="[211,331,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B30858FEE1C955" blockId="7.[211,1172,734,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
Allusion to the small size of the species, the tiniest native species on Trindade Island. From the Latin word “
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A47BB0878FD9FC935" box="[475,578,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">vegrandis</emphasis>
”, meaning “tiny, diminutive”. Grammatical gender: feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3990C0AB586AD32A46B308D3FEA7CE04" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B308D3FEE2C9AD" blockId="7.[211,1171,910,1036]" box="[211,319,910,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="2A7D244C586AD32A46B308D3FEE2C9AD" box="[211,319,910,933]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" reason="5">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A46B308D3FEE2C9AD" box="[211,319,910,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B308E9FEA7CE04" blockId="7.[211,1171,910,1036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Shell elongated-oval; whorls profile flattened; protoconch sculptured by sinuous axial striae; presence of columellar fold reaching aperture and palatal fold on inner portion of body whorl.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3990C0AB586AD32A46B30F60FCAECF33" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="description">
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B30F60FE8FCE5C" blockId="7.[211,1172,1085,1339]" box="[211,338,1085,1108]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="2A7D244C586AD32A46B30F60FE8FCE5C" box="[211,338,1085,1108]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" reason="5">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A46B30F60FE8FCE5C" box="[211,338,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B30F39FCAECF33" blockId="7.[211,1172,1085,1339]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Shell diminutive, elongated-oval tending towards conical. Suture weakly marked. Whorls profile flattened. Protoconch rounded, large, sculptured by sinuous axial striae; transition to teleoconch unclear. Teleoconch smooth. Aperture elliptical, prosocline; callus on parietal region. Lip thin, simple, non-reflected, with exception of upper columellar region, reflected and covering umbilicus. Columellar fold on median portion of aperture’s columellar region. Palatal fold on inner portion of body whorl, on median portion of whorl’s palatal region. Umbilicus rimate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3990C0AB586AD32546B30E36FD0DC876" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="956" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32A46B30E36FEE8CF8B" blockId="7.[211,1172,1387,1675]" box="[211,309,1387,1411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<heading id="2A7D244C586AD32A46B30E36FEE8CF8B" box="[211,309,1387,1411]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" reason="5">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A46B30E36FEE8CF8B" box="[211,309,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="71359320586AD32546B30ECEFE57CAF7" blockId="7.[211,1172,1387,1675]" lastBlockId="8.[143,1104,167,638]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="956" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED1586AD32A46B30ECEFE27CFA3" author="Breure ASH &amp; Coelho ACS" box="[211,506,1427,1451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref5351" refString="Breure ASH, Coelho ACS. 1976. Notes on Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), 3. Bulimulus trindadensis sp. n. from Ilha da Trindade, Brazil. Basteria. 40: 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1976">Breure and Coelho (1976)</bibRefCitation>
described some animals collected at Trindade Island as an endemic new species,
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A3586AD32A47A30EEEFD61CFC3" authorityName="Breure and Coelho" authorityYear="1976" box="[451,700,1459,1483]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trindadensis">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A47A30EEEFD61CFC3" box="[451,700,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Bulimulus trindadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Interestingly, these authors made clear in their work that the species “does not resemble any of the other species of
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A3586AD32A42780E8EFB5BCFE3" authority="(Breure and Coelho 1976: p. 5)" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" baseAuthorityName="Breure and Coelho" baseAuthorityPageNumber="5" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1048,1158,1491,1515]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A42780E8EFB5BCFE3" box="[1048,1158,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Bulimulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED1586AD32A46BB0EAFFE2FCC02" author="Breure ASH &amp; Coelho ACS" box="[219,498,1522,1546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref5351" refString="Breure ASH, Coelho ACS. 1976. Notes on Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), 3. Bulimulus trindadensis sp. n. from Ilha da Trindade, Brazil. Basteria. 40: 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1976">Breure and Coelho 1976</bibRefCitation>
: p. 5). The authors also stated that
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A3586AD32A451D0EAEFBFDCC03" authorityName="Breure and Coelho" authorityYear="1976" box="[893,1056,1523,1547]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trindadensis">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A451D0EAEFBFDCC03" box="[893,1056,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">B. trindadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles the fossil genus
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A3586AD32A47E20D4FFD54CC22" authority="Maury, 1935" authorityName="Maury" authorityYear="1935" box="[386,649,1554,1579]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Itaborahia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A47E20D4FFE28CC22" box="[386,501,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Itaborahia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED1586AD32A479B0D4EFD54CC22" author="Maury CJ" box="[507,649,1554,1579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref5937" refString="Maury CJ. 1935. New genera and new species of fossil terrestrial Mollusca from Brazil. Am Mus Novitat. 764: 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1935">Maury, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Palaeocene of Rio de Janeiro (
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED1586AD32A42260D4FFE49CC42" author="Breure ASH &amp; Coelho ACS" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref5351" refString="Breure ASH, Coelho ACS. 1976. Notes on Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), 3. Bulimulus trindadensis sp. n. from Ilha da Trindade, Brazil. Basteria. 40: 3 - 6." type="journal article" year="1976">Breure and Coelho 1976</bibRefCitation>
: p. 5), but the differences between the two are overwhelming: its much smaller size, the oval shell shape and the shape, position and features of the aperture and lip are widely disparate from the single species in the genus,
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A3586AD32545A10D2FFEFFCAB7" authority="Maury, 1935" authorityName="Maury" authorityYear="1935" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Itaborahia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="956" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lamegoi">
<emphasis id="43FE4F32586AD32A45A10D2FFB4ECC82" box="[961,1171,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="955">Itaborahia lamegoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED15865D32546EF0BF5FEFFCAB7" author="Maury CJ" box="[143,290,167,192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref5937" refString="Maury CJ. 1935. New genera and new species of fossil terrestrial Mollusca from Brazil. Am Mus Novitat. 764: 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1935">Maury, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; the only feature both species share is the columellar fold (
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED15865D32545DC0BFAFB96CAB7" author="Maury CJ" box="[956,1099,167,191]" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref5937" refString="Maury CJ. 1935. New genera and new species of fossil terrestrial Mollusca from Brazil. Am Mus Novitat. 764: 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1935">Maury 1935</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingCountry id="099DD3B05865D32546EF0B9AFF29CAD7" box="[143,244,199,223]" name="El Salvador" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">Salvador</collectingCountry>
and Simone forthcoming), but this can also be found in many other orthalicid genera (
<bibRefCitation id="151BEED15865D32546880BBAFEA2CAF7" author="Simone LRL" box="[232,383,231,255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" refId="ref6240" refString="Simone LRL. 2006. Land and freshwater mollusks of Brazil. Sao Paulo (Brazil): EGB, FAPESP." type="book" year="2006">Simone 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="713593205865D32546DA0A5AFD0DC876" blockId="8.[143,1104,167,638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">
The following features distinguish
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A35865D325445E0A55FD3CCB17" authorityName="Breure and Coelho" authorityYear="1976" box="[574,737,263,287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trindadensis">
<emphasis id="43FE4F325865D325445E0A55FD3CCB17" box="[574,737,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">B. trindadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the genus
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A35865D32545F70A5AFBD8CB17" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[919,1029,263,287]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="43FE4F325865D32545F70A5AFBD8CB17" box="[919,1029,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">Bulimulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: small size, thin and fragile shell, prosocline aperture, weakly marked suture, the presence of a weak callus on the parietal region of the aperture, the presence of the columellar fold and the palatal fold and the overall shell shape. The combination of shell characters present in
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A35865D32547650AD5FE74CB97" authorityName="Breure and Coelho" authorityYear="1976" box="[261,425,391,415]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trindadensis">
<emphasis id="43FE4F325865D32547650AD5FE74CB97" box="[261,425,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">B. trindadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more closely allied to
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A35865D32544A00ADBFC9BCB96" box="[704,838,390,414]" class="Gastropoda" family="Subulinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Subulinidae</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A35865D32545C70ADBFBEACB96" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1860" box="[935,1079,390,414]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orthalicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Orthalicidae</taxonomicName>
: a minute, thin and delicate shell; a large and rounded protoconch; and a weakly marked suture. The presence of a columellar fold is also common in
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A35865D325454A0A9BFC6FCBD6" authorityName="P. Fischer &amp; Crosse" authorityYear="1877" box="[810,946,454,478]" class="Gastropoda" family="Subulinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="955" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Subulininae">Subulininae</taxonomicName>
, but not ubiquitous. However, because of its particular combination of characters, there is no single subulinid genus that can properly house this species; so the new genus is proposed.
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A35865D32546EF097BFECFC836" authorityName="Salvador &amp; Cunha &amp; Simone" authorityYear="2013" box="[143,274,550,574]" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Vegrandinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="43FE4F325865D32546EF097BFECFC836" box="[143,274,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">Vegrandinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be closely allied to the genus
<taxonomicName id="B68AE8A35865D32544B3097AFC13C836" authority="Beck, 1837" authorityName="Beck" authorityYear="1837" box="[723,974,550,574]" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Leptinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="956" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="43FE4F325865D32544B3097AFC9AC836" box="[723,839,551,574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="956">Leptinaria</emphasis>
Beck, 1837
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from it by its more oval shell shape, flattened whorl profile and by the presence of a palatal fold on the inner portion of the body whorl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

64
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F923B832A338C1DA8AF61465A78CCC25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F923B832A338C1DA8AF61465A78CCC25" lastPageNumber="27161" pageId="0" pageNumber="27161">
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<taxonomicName authority="Say, 1837" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Coelioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelioxys (Synocoelioxys) alternata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="27161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata" subGenus="Synocoelioxys">Coelioxys (Synocoelioxys) alternata Say, 1837</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="27161" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27161">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="27161">Collected from the Lewis and Clark County site (Table 1, Suppl. material 1)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

164
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<paragraph id="A6E5A292D1D77D3703073A0E1B5BAC63" pageNumber="337">
<taxonomicName id="36D92D313A61E860B926A8A16894CCC0" ID-CoL="4Q2ZQ" authority="Van Deusen 1969" authorityName="Van Deusen" authorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardorum">
<emphasis id="82D10D4FBEF51700FF9AEF01E096663D" italics="true" pageNumber="337">Pteropus gilliardorum</emphasis>
Van Deusen 1969
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA56794F5DDFE7C8205233BF7B38614D" pageNumber="337" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2E28C345BEB0D848A8A0E0A948D9D3F4" pageNumber="337">
<treatmentCitation id="6E1ECDE00668A1ECE184B07D34BEE7A1" author="Van Deusen" authority="Van Deusen 1969" authorityName="Van Deusen" authorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" journal="Am. Mus. Novit." kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" page="5" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardorum" title="Pteropus gilliardorum" volume="2371" year="1969">
<taxonomicName id="AD426033F36E63588C8E31B78ADB07F8" ID-CoL="4Q2ZQ" authority="Van Deusen 1969" authorityName="Van Deusen" authorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardorum">
<emphasis id="877E8F715C0DBA8D786460965D8F9CBB" italics="true" pageNumber="337">Pteropus gilliardorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="77288BB1D6B0506AE596063A60744BCD" author="Van Deusen, H. M. &amp; G. G. George" refId="ref365298" refString="Van Deusen, H. M., and G. G. George. 1969. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 90. Notes on the echidnas (Mammalia: Tachyglossidae) of New Guinea. American Museum Novitates, 2383: 1 - 23." year="1969">Van Deusen 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="BD09E241E0753D5EAC2A0D0603EB4F8D" author="Van Deusen" journal="Am. Mus. Novit." pageNumber="337" pagination="5" title="Pteropus gilliardorum" volume="2371" year="1969">
Am.
<collectingRegion id="AA864E9996A392A30251862DBE8316BD" country="Turkey" name="Mus">Mus</collectingRegion>
. Novit., 2371: 5
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38C783E038B3028B6626A3159AA82AB0" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5B589FF6F9B6E0638A658B9015595A1A" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="67B67BAE66552ECB657D9066813AB70B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="337">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="F52523B323DCE1F6223C4430C66590D3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867333349" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="1.6" pageNumber="337" stateProvince="West New Britain">
<collectingCountry id="2846D40A6EF0368B0EED8CB152DFF452" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, Bismarck Arch.,
<collectingRegion id="D32FFF342BADF6799BAC455C5A635C0B" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain">West New Britain Province</collectingRegion>
, Whiteman Mtns, Wild Dog Ridge, ca.
<quantity id="86857E62B87D8269186D8D204D87B529" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1.6">
<elevation id="BA3EFF51F0530C36B03444825491092A">1,600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5F5DF6899837C67E8A535A4617D69F7D" pageNumber="337" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="3984297285B5E2318DB4862DC24DDD31" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="08CA414A527869F4108FC86548440468" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="337">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="93B77BF64BEF9283CC2505E47F805A5B" language="eng" pageNumber="337">Gilliard's Flying Fox</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E37A526A2110BF0BA2DE66C0B3003E2E" pageNumber="337" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="ACDB8E54C01D35C6A45E3FDEA24AAECA" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="3687E9EABF29902F227C3AAB95579A68" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="337">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="99A02F6522E9FEB20D499C269F8A1A0E" authority="Van Deusen 1969" authorityName="Van Deusen" authorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardi">
<emphasis id="33A2B9AC0FE2EAEC39071395B326FDDF" italics="true" pageNumber="337">Pteropus gilliardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="700690E30D0BD3AAA5C22B1D0B4C977C" author="Van Deusen, H. M. &amp; G. G. George" refId="ref365298" refString="Van Deusen, H. M., and G. G. George. 1969. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 90. Notes on the echidnas (Mammalia: Tachyglossidae) of New Guinea. American Museum Novitates, 2383: 1 - 23." year="1969">Van Deusen 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5BEB02F913AC0B1BB7652C1F1710EE6F" authority="Koopman 1994" authorityName="Koopman" authorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gailliardi">
<emphasis id="04CB9B4309744B173D4ECC7A75454864" italics="true" pageNumber="337">Pteropus gailliardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D4270B8D5886D2E0B62AE623C47B0F7" author="Koopman, K. F." refId="ref193936" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1994. Chiroptera: Systematics. Handbook of Zoology, vol. VIII, pt. 60, Mammalia, 1 - 217." year="1994">Koopman 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC0C67ADA6AC7AEF8BEC6D94BF25F5C0" pageNumber="337" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FDD21837F3BA1F8B342D130CAD8C977B" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="AF79B6A6A90A0E27018C6C5981E719FB" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="337">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="0AD539DF69556A8D6B89B48F90520574" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain">New Britain</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="3D06DA7C755D27F0A57F094D0F00D635" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
(Bismarck Arch.,
<collectingCountry id="1528BA11B42B3CE06A2B32AA32BB9622" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6A97C9BE9B1E3575F666898EB186C4D4" pageNumber="337" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="1326E8EAA7BEAE4598F8B663210943D6" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B31454E358EDD73BC4805866BCC0BD9B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="337">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="067DD19526340048479F1E4172E7E025">CITES</collectionCode>
– Appendix II.
<collectionCode id="ACD4971EE90B7FD2F7AA7B6828585A4D">IUCN</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="3BFB151BC67337FB22BF36804428F784" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9wqd-8bvt" name="Sacramento State University" type="">SSC</collectionCode>
Action Plan (1992) – No Data: Limited Distribution.
<collectionCode id="E4C730A5E77FB2E28E369CDE0B69072C">IUCN</collectionCode>
2003 – Vulnerable as
<taxonomicName id="1CBB17BCADCA98B840FC509B1B31DD42" authorityName="Van Deusen" authorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardi">
<emphasis id="F3BB2783359812CC7E261B27C201886D" italics="true" pageNumber="337">P. gilliardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CE2208291208ABF4D1AE8461CBBD8FA4" pageNumber="337" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8306D55D148EBB7486198174FAC6E4D2" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="3C105F9C8CFEA4738EB29EAB6098495B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="337">Discussion:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8A38F6273EFCD803F61E7FA21C313DCE" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1862" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scapulatus">
<emphasis id="CFC324732FE5E4DE792B6028299DB64C" italics="true" pageNumber="337">scapulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. See Flannery (1995
<emphasis id="01ECF45AC08D82E5BDCCA379E2380995" italics="true" pageNumber="337">b</emphasis>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="BB54D73BF6CADC7F2093B858AC365F97" author="Bonaccorso, F. J." refId="ref35461" refString="Bonaccorso, F. J. 1998. Bats of Papua New Guinea. Conservation International Tropical Field Guide Series, Conservation International, Washington, D. C., 489 pp." year="1998">Bonaccorso (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. Previously spelled
<taxonomicName id="9C194779A8A9F62C64C17B8ABDF1C433" authorityName="Van Deusen" authorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardi">
<emphasis id="42B590F1B745565EC2DA0818980708F3" italics="true" pageNumber="337">gilliardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ammended to
<taxonomicName id="BBF255A7E479F496695564C3B23AD4AE" authorityName="Van Deusen" authorityYear="1969" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardorum">
<emphasis id="5EA09C8EFB7ECA0798AA1C6F8739DC33" italics="true" pageNumber="337">gilliardorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Flannery (1995
<emphasis id="CA01A7475BA775D8F019742579D8F999" italics="true" pageNumber="337">b</emphasis>
) following Article 31.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
<bibRefCitation id="CC91426445BB020DF54FAEA7BD7DBC00" author="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" refId="ref168320" refString="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." year="1999">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Misspelled
<taxonomicName id="5C05A1F82454F24E25536412880A27DF" authorityName="Koopman" authorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gailliardi">
<emphasis id="32CBC0DE06EC20EE9156DBB0FD704093" italics="true" pageNumber="337">gailliardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="44BBA46D782AC455A500035F3D6CAC61" author="Koopman, K. F." refId="ref193936" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1994. Chiroptera: Systematics. Handbook of Zoology, vol. VIII, pt. 60, Mammalia, 1 - 217." year="1994">Koopman (1994)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>