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<document id="DFD6296675ABD221F1FCD22EACCC9814" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a7d06d02-a240-4aec-9c70-4f359b6b1a55" ModsDocID="4098" checkinTime="1243375510406" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Roger, J." docDate="1862" docId="49EE1C3ADB1380502EA7354C8BF5EF3B" docLanguage="de" docName="4098" docOrigin="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 6" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/4098/4098.pdf" docTitle="Pyramica gundlachi" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="D1D2DC5F968DE39AC0BBF9C1B9BF3F2C" masterDocTitle="Einige neue exotische Ameisen-Gattungen und Arten." masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="233" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1701312347680" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8CFF3DEC3F85EF3B80715FB618C1E730">Einige neue exotische Ameisen-Gattungen und Arten.</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="DB0BFDF48CAD7DAE1A74DB7CC384396E">Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="063B844C40B33ECE8A96D6C7CB8ACD3F">1862</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3423FE6CCB4DBAC0D8E367C164E6E721">6</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="843F63519299D05E9AB907771FC0D8CF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="49EE1C3ADB1380502EA7354C8BF5EF3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5063385" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100128879" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5063385" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:49EE1C3ADB1380502EA7354C8BF5EF3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/49EE1C3ADB1380502EA7354C8BF5EF3B" lastPageNumber="254" pageNumber="253">
<subSubSection id="D7D88A813A7D1D18B61C0D97968DCADC" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EB19BEA2C9A443903978F14462DCC6BA" pageNumber="253">
<taxonomicName id="534268493C3EAB20DDEBBE7B944333D2" ID-CoL="6X2QW" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:144695" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pyramica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyramica gundlachi Roger" lsidName-HNS="Pyramica gundlachi Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gundlachi">P. Gundlachi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86E087EFDFC7F99E66D19F68264A42E2" type="description">
<paragraph id="238CC4FC1F8EB431A64E62B29971C6FB" pageNumber="253">[[ worker ]] Ferruginea, opaca, pilosula, mandibulis, antennis pedibusaue flavescentibus, abdomine nitido. Long, vix 2 Millm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D33D47B538854352ACDAF92F4066210B" pageNumber="253">Rostfarben mit gelben Mandibeln, Fuehlern und Beinen. Der Kopf, Thorax und die Beine sind ohne Glanz und dicht und fein gekoernt. Das Abdomen ist glatt, glaenzend, an der Basis mit einigen Laengsrunzeln. Der Kopf und der Thorax haben eine sehr sparsame, der Hinterleib und die Beine eine etwas reichlichere abstehende Behaarung; der Innenrand der Mandibeln ist mit gelblichen Borstenhaaren besetzt, die ihm ein gekerbtes Ansehen verleihen.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0450DD66147677BDB15A63127E108603" pageNumber="253">[[ queen ]] Rubra-testacea, antennis mandibulisque clarioribus, ocellis et metanoto circum basin alarum nigris, opaca, vix pilosa. Long. 2,5 Millm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C18D79C3B3BAB38C92C6E9E64F3133A9" pageNumber="253">Hell roethlich gelb, um die Ocellen und an den Fluegelansaetzen schwaerzlich; die Mandibeln, Fuehler und Beine sind etwas heller gelb. Der Koerper ist matt, selbst der Hinterleib zeigt, wenigstens bei dem vorliegenden Stueck, wenig Glanz; die Mandibeln glaenzen. Eine abstehende Behaarung fehlt bei diesem Stueck gaenzlich. Der ganze Koerper ist fein granulirt, an der Basis des Abdomens sind einige Laengsrunzeln.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2C09B3A7A77324B5C1120C9BE4201AE" pageNumber="253">Mehrere [[ worker ]] und ein [[ queen ]] wurden mir von Herrn Grundlach aus Cuba gesandt.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B94674299D9691ED6440EEA6148ABFE6" lastPageNumber="254" pageNumber="253">
Obschon das [[ queen ]] in der Form der Mandibeln ganz auffallend von
<pageStartToken id="BE847BC26EBE1D87F75F4AAC301E3639" pageNumber="254">dem</pageStartToken>
[[ worker ]], abweicht, so stimmt es doch im Uebrigen mit diesem so ueberein, dass es wohl gerechtfertigt ist, dasselbe als dieser Species angehoerend zu betrachten, um so mehr, als die Thiere zusammen gefunden sind.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="572C6F4648CB522B8D685FCD833CC023" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2B121D0518FBEBEBE52991E88FDFAE95" pageNumber="254">
Von dem Genus
<taxonomicName id="A0DA6D7DD39B7A9B4FD18090AE59896D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147019" authority="Roger" authorityName="Roger" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Labidogenys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labidogenys Roger" lsidName-HNS="Labidogenys Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Labidogenys</taxonomicName>
unterscheidet sich
<taxonomicName id="57D695EABF8B81B989FA0E4C65932C92" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pyramica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyramica Roger" lsidName-HNS="Pyramica Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyramica</taxonomicName>
durch die ganz und gar verschiedenen Mandibeln, die allein schon auf eine andere Lebensweise des Thieres hinweisen; von
<taxonomicName id="B22859A1A49DDEBC5D42CA4F0B0C9246" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Strumigenys Smith" lsidName-HNS="Strumigenys Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Strumigenys</taxonomicName>
Smith durch die 6 - gliedrigen Fuehler und ebenfalls durch die verschieden geformten Mandibeln. Alle 3 Genera sind jedoch mit einander nahe verwandt und schliessen sich nahe an die
<taxonomicName id="3A66101B7E1D40F6CA01401ECB94EC1B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229999" lsidName-HNS="Cryptoceridae" pageNumber="254" rank="family">Cryptoceridae</taxonomicName>
an.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3CBAFA4D7B1E2DFFAE3100740B44420" pageNumber="254">
Von dem Genus
<taxonomicName id="ED8429D55B9C6D679C2E4DD780090493" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Orectognathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orectognathus Smith" lsidName-HNS="Orectognathus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orectognathus</taxonomicName>
Smith unterscheiden sich die beiden vorhergehenden Genera ganz wesentlich durch das' Vorhandensein der Grube an den Seiten des Kopfs, die
<taxonomicName id="7A2512CCB35B8E43C7A73EDBE5750F17" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Orectognathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orectognathus Smith" lsidName-HNS="Orectognathus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orectognathus</taxonomicName>
nicht hat und durch deren Mangel dieses Genus seinen Platz neben Daceton, nicht aber unter den Cryptoceriden angewiesen erhaelt.
<taxonomicName id="2C41CC2D1BBA0A4FF619D01B193F4C6E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Orectognathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orectognathus Smith" lsidName-HNS="Orectognathus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orectognathus</taxonomicName>
hat ausserdem nur 5 - gliedrige Fuehler, andere Mandibeln und ein mit Dornen bewaffnetes Pro- und Mesonotum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.47563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57b9add5-0efe-4b03-a201-03d271474971" ID-PMC="PMC7052027" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-915-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3DAF441E367D5E90BD8CEBAEC0DBCAA2" ID-PubMed="32148421" ID-ZooBank="896D7C1D210547FCB5E055135FEDDB9D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-915-17" checkinTime="1582662206152" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="LeMay, Gabriel A. &amp; Agnarsson, Ingi" docDate="2020" docId="49EE210DB31251188C60F50BA272ABA1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 915: 17-24" docOrigin="ZooKeys 915" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.47563" docTitle="Spintharus gracilis Keyserling 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3DAF441E367D5E90BD8CEBAEC0DBCAA2" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="3DAF441E367D5E90BD8CEBAEC0DBCAA2" masterDocTitle="New species of smiley-faced spider Spintharus (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Brazil, and comments on unobserved diversity in South America" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1668168515350" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>New species of smiley-faced spider Spintharus (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Brazil, and comments on unobserved diversity in South America</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162267184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:49EE210DB31251188C60F50BA272ABA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/49EE210DB31251188C60F50BA272ABA1" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName LSID="49EE210D-B312-5118-8C60-F50BA272ABA1" authority="Keyserling, 1886" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spintharus gracilis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Spintharus gracilis Keyserling, 1886</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Spintharus gracilis Keyserling from Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Leopoldo. Female (A-C); A dorsal B ventral C lateral. Male (D-F); D dorsal E ventral F lateral G-I epigynum: G digested dorsal H digested ventral I undigested ventral J palp ventral K male syntype palp illustrated by Levi (1963 a). L-N Male from Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul (30 ° 05 ' 32.2 &quot; S, 51 ° 40 ' 20.4 &quot; W) L dorsal M ventral N lateral O palp ventral. While we hypothesize that all illustrated palps belong to S. gracilis, note that the male from Eldorado do Sul is smaller, has smaller palp, and differs subtly in conformation, e. g., area of tegulum exposed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.47563.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382979" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 1A-O</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spintharus gracilis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Spintharus gracilis</taxonomicName>
Keyserling, 1886: 244, plate 20, fig. 298a, b (Holotype unknown, however syntypes from Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, deposited in the British Museum of Natural History have been re-examined;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1963/54690" author="Levi, HW" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="223 - 234" refId="B8" refString="Levi, HW, 1963a. The American spider genera Spintharus and Thwaitesia (Araneae: Theridiidae). Psyche 70: 223 - 234, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/1963/54690" title="The American spider genera Spintharus and Thwaitesia (Araneae: Theridiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1963/54690" volume="70" year="1963 a">Levi 1963a</bibRefCitation>
: 227, figs 2v, 10-13).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Brazil</emphasis>
, Rio Grande do Sul,
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Leopoldo, 19.viii.1986, C.J. Becker, 1 female, (MCTP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Leopoldo, 19.viii.1986, C.J. Becker, 1 male, (MCTP); Eldorado do Sul,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="32.2" value="-30.092278">30°05'32.2&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.4" value="-51.672333">51°40'20.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 25.vii.1995, A.A. Lise, 1 male, (MCTP); Novo Hamburgo, 1.x.1986, C.J. Becker, 2 females, 1 male, (MCTP); Campo Bom, 19.x.1987, C.J. Becker, 1 male, (MCTP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Viamão">Viamao</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="42.7" value="-30.07853">30°04'42.7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="02.0" value="-51.050556">51°03'02.0&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 19.viii.1994, A.A. Lise, 1 female, 4 males, (MCTP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spintharus gracilis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Spintharus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females differ from all other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hentz" authorityYear="1850" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spintharus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Spintharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the long and narrow abdomen being&gt;3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Spintharus gracilis Keyserling from Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Leopoldo. Female (A-C); A dorsal B ventral C lateral. Male (D-F); D dorsal E ventral F lateral G-I epigynum: G digested dorsal H digested ventral I undigested ventral J palp ventral K male syntype palp illustrated by Levi (1963 a). L-N Male from Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul (30 ° 05 ' 32.2 &quot; S, 51 ° 40 ' 20.4 &quot; W) L dorsal M ventral N lateral O palp ventral. While we hypothesize that all illustrated palps belong to S. gracilis, note that the male from Eldorado do Sul is smaller, has smaller palp, and differs subtly in conformation, e. g., area of tegulum exposed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.47563.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382979" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">1A-C</figureCitation>
). Males differ from all other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hentz" authorityYear="1850" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spintharus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Spintharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the extremely long embolus traversing the entire outer edge of the tegulum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Spintharus gracilis Keyserling from Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Leopoldo. Female (A-C); A dorsal B ventral C lateral. Male (D-F); D dorsal E ventral F lateral G-I epigynum: G digested dorsal H digested ventral I undigested ventral J palp ventral K male syntype palp illustrated by Levi (1963 a). L-N Male from Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul (30 ° 05 ' 32.2 &quot; S, 51 ° 40 ' 20.4 &quot; W) L dorsal M ventral N lateral O palp ventral. While we hypothesize that all illustrated palps belong to S. gracilis, note that the male from Eldorado do Sul is smaller, has smaller palp, and differs subtly in conformation, e. g., area of tegulum exposed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.47563.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382979" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">1J, K, O</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Spintharus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spintharus gracilis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Spintharus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Keyserling from Rio Grande do Sul,
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Leopoldo. Female (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A-C</emphasis>
);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
lateral. Male (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">D-F</emphasis>
);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G-I</emphasis>
epigynum:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
digested dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
digested ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
undigested ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">J</emphasis>
palp ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">K</emphasis>
male syntype palp illustrated by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1963/54690" author="Levi, HW" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="223 - 234" refId="B8" refString="Levi, HW, 1963a. The American spider genera Spintharus and Thwaitesia (Araneae: Theridiidae). Psyche 70: 223 - 234, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/1963/54690" title="The American spider genera Spintharus and Thwaitesia (Araneae: Theridiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1963/54690" volume="70" year="1963 a">Levi (1963a)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">L-N</emphasis>
Male from Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul (
<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="32.2" value="-30.092278">30°05'32.2&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.4" value="-51.672333">51°40'20.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">L</emphasis>
dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">M</emphasis>
ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">N</emphasis>
lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">O</emphasis>
palp ventral. While we hypothesize that all illustrated palps belong to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">S. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, note that the male from Eldorado do Sul is smaller, has smaller palp, and differs subtly in conformation, e.g., area of tegulum exposed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Female.</emphasis>
Total length 4.21 (mm). Cephalothorax 1.05 long, 0.92 wide, 0.67 high, light yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Sternum 0.77 long, 0.51 wide, extending half way between coxae IV, light yellow. Abdomen 3.16 long, 1.04 wide, 0.88 high. Narrow to oval without humps (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Spintharus gracilis Keyserling from Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Leopoldo. Female (A-C); A dorsal B ventral C lateral. Male (D-F); D dorsal E ventral F lateral G-I epigynum: G digested dorsal H digested ventral I undigested ventral J palp ventral K male syntype palp illustrated by Levi (1963 a). L-N Male from Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul (30 ° 05 ' 32.2 &quot; S, 51 ° 40 ' 20.4 &quot; W) L dorsal M ventral N lateral O palp ventral. While we hypothesize that all illustrated palps belong to S. gracilis, note that the male from Eldorado do Sul is smaller, has smaller palp, and differs subtly in conformation, e. g., area of tegulum exposed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.47563.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382979" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">1A-C</figureCitation>
). Fragmented white lines follow the dorsolateral edge from anterior to posterior, excluding the posterior third of the total abdomen length. Terminuses of white lines are inflected slightly medially, being more pronounced at the anterior terminus. White markings nearly join to form a strip just anterior of the abdomen center, but remain separated by an unpigmented gap. All eyes approximately equal in size, anterior median eyes 0.06 in diameter, anterior lateral eyes 0.11 in diameter. All eyes slightly elevated on cephalothorax and located within one eye diameter apart from each other, except the posterior median, which are 0.18 apart. Leg I femur 1.92, patella 0.45, tibia 1.37, metatarsus 1.90, tarsus 0.59. All legs pale yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Epigynum with widely spaced and distinctly round copulatory openings and copulatory ducts spirals extending beyond the ectal margin of spermathecae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Male.</emphasis>
Total length 3.56. Cephalothorax 0.97 long, 0.99 wide, 0.60 high, yellow with slightly darker shading on lateral sides. Sternum 0.69 long, 0.50 wide, extending half way between coxae IV, light yellow. Abdomen 2.5 long, 0.67 wide, 0.71 high. All eyes approximately equal in size, anterior median eyes 0.09 in diameter, anterior lateral eyes 0.12 in diameter. All eyes slightly elevated on cephalothorax and located within one eye diameter apart from each other, except the posterior medians, which are 0.18 apart. Leg I femur 2.28, patella 0.41, tibia 1.58, metatarsus 2.12, tarsus 0.50. All legs yellow. Darker brown shading on leg IV on patella and where tibia meets metatarsus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
Male pedipalp with an extremely long spiral traversing the entire outer edge of the tegulum, leaving a large area of the tegulum exposed (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Spintharus gracilis Keyserling from Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Leopoldo. Female (A-C); A dorsal B ventral C lateral. Male (D-F); D dorsal E ventral F lateral G-I epigynum: G digested dorsal H digested ventral I undigested ventral J palp ventral K male syntype palp illustrated by Levi (1963 a). L-N Male from Rio Grande do Sul, Eldorado do Sul (30 ° 05 ' 32.2 &quot; S, 51 ° 40 ' 20.4 &quot; W) L dorsal M ventral N lateral O palp ventral. While we hypothesize that all illustrated palps belong to S. gracilis, note that the male from Eldorado do Sul is smaller, has smaller palp, and differs subtly in conformation, e. g., area of tegulum exposed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.47563.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382979" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">1J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">Taxonomic note.</emphasis>
The specimens examined here are from the southeast coast of Brazil but to the south of the hitherto documented locations. Given the strong genetic structure found in the Caribbean (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1422" author="Dziki, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" refId="B4" refString="Dziki, A, Binford, GJ, Coddington, JA, Agnarsson, I, 2015. Spintharusflavidus in the Caribbean-a 30 million year biogeographical history and radiation of a 'widespread species'. PeerJ 3: e1422. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1422" title="Spintharusflavidus in the Caribbean-a 30 million year biogeographical history and radiation of a ' widespread species'. PeerJ 3: e 1422." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1422" year="2015">Dziki et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) over relatively short distances, we cannot rule out that our redescription represents a new species. However, detailed sampling coupled with DNA data will be necessary to test the limits of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. gracilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">S. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as was the case for &quot;
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. flavidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="flavidus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="17">S. flavidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056" author="Agnarsson, I" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="17" pagination="758 - 790" refId="B2" refString="Agnarsson, I, Van Patten, C, Sargeant, L, Chomitz, B, Dziki, A, Binford, GJ, 2018. A radiation of the ornate Caribbean 'smiley-faced spiders', with descriptions of 15 new species (Araneae: Theridiidae, Spintharus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182: 758 - 790, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056" title="A radiation of the ornate Caribbean ' smiley-faced spiders', with descriptions of 15 new species (Araneae: Theridiidae, Spintharus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056" volume="182" year="2018">Agnarsson et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>