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<document id="C4EC86DF02B9A8CDBA3C53ED1697E3B5" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.361.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725582687700" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bester, Stoffel P. &amp; Nicholas, Ashley" docDate="2018" docId="039987B3FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F697EE9B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.361.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 361 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Stenostelma periglossoides Bester &amp; Nicholas 2018, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFA0FFCBFFE3FFE6FFCDFFDBF45CEA19" masterDocTitle="New combinations in Stenostelma (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) and two novel species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1725592890534" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="F308C4A18B72FDBAF6BF488B29CEF80F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3798B56730E54B784835D6553B1CCCDB">
<mods:title id="220C29388CFDD847C3B5970A91C3D043">New combinations in Stenostelma (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) and two novel species from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9A821DACE2A0FF304B04D6DE5AE8161C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1ED269AED333C27DE535774ED4D6FA8D">
<mods:roleTerm id="9699C2B71DCBB94AD1F3C98B17A26EEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0614F51A6AA09C4A1943F9C0D4FE0DB2">Bester, Stoffel P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DDB30244258E512EF3E5D1A42D122155">National Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 101, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa. &amp; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A2C198F032BD17630ABA2E1AC2A181BA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="338E04CBD8B963FB35C780D48CDD8A5C">
<mods:roleTerm id="F7E8440893940E0215C61C3081AB7335">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E4E76ACCA4E2A79B9D57D4D6173B055E">Nicholas, Ashley</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5942DD801CA043946141B9C3C82EFBB0">School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000 South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="7DBC3477C7527255515740BE39BC5EF2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0365CC68E5FAF4614DF64A785F84D460" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="CFAF20AAD4A87BC4E825CECBFD08248E">
<mods:title id="649E0D48CCC3D9247CCDD6D130F337FE">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9991003DC0501C52C5ADA7D54AAA65E1">
<mods:date id="8768F27CE3D68398ECD0A74A06D638DE">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6109BAA3DCAD901929CE8D5073D6BCDE" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4F87EC5CB1BC38FBF21BF07C2B4D002F">2018-07-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4F6800E58D150242D01712D9423FB17E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7AD2F63F14E3AF8206B41D614D6DAB7C">361</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="229DEBEBA28D65D641EBA4661BE5CE33" type="issue">
<mods:number id="96908551E71D53C3B63D64A355F5BD55">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="8349031C9C4060FA3C0CA5F902F1FA11" unit="page">
<mods:start id="5A8B163AB960FB11258F960114885634">41</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5102684B44C9CFB0C88A39F97A8DEDA9">55</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="1AB6B69C40CA27CFF73D4CCAEE6EAA93">
<mods:url id="B5AD26086538A2F9EE107B0E99C7D79C">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.361.1.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="408527624DE844B48DF5F46AF7CE6B35">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1104DD3186DA217C1599369DD57185DC" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.361.1.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FCDF74E867467C04EDC54C0F207B14A7" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039987B3FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F697EE9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987B3FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F697EE9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987B3FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F697EE9B" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="C32A652EFFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F72AE807" box="[136,886,515,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F72AE807" blockId="3.[136,886,515,542]" box="[136,886,515,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0C781C9FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F72AE807" box="[136,886,515,542]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F6A9E807" ID-CoL="525CL" authority="(Schltr.) Bester &amp; Nicholas" authorityName="Bester &amp; Nicholas" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Bester &amp; Nicholas" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[136,757,515,542]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stenostelma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="periglossoides" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F5E1E807" bold="true" box="[136,445,515,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Stenostelma periglossoides</emphasis>
(Schltr.) Bester &amp; Nicholas
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757CCFFE0FFE5FD31FDDEF72AE807" box="[764,886,517,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FD31FDDEF765E807" box="[764,825,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">comb</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FC8BFDDEF732E807" box="[838,878,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A652EFFE0FFE5FF45FDF7F6D2E858" box="[136,654,556,577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE0FFE5FF45FDF7F6D2E858" blockId="3.[136,1452,556,721]" box="[136,654,556,577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE0FFE5FF45FDF7F6D2E858" box="[136,654,556,577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE0FFE5FF45FDF7F6D5E858" author="Schlechter, R." box="[136,649,556,577]" page=")" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" year="1895">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE0FFE5FF45FDF7F6D5E858" ID-CoL="4VB3Y" authority="Schlechter (1895 a: 20)" authorityName=", Schlechter" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1895" box="[136,649,556,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Schizoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="periglossoides">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF45FDF7F5FAE858" box="[136,422,556,577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schizoglossum periglossoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE0FFE5FE61FDF7F6D5E858" author="Schlechter, R." box="[428,649,556,577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" pagination="267 - 273" refId="ref7173" refString="Schlechter, R. (1895 a) Contributions to South African Asclepiadology. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 33: 267 - 273." type="journal article" year="1895">Schlechter (1895a: 20)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A652EFFE0FFE5FF45FD8BF697EE9B" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE0FFE5FF45FD8BF657E8C8" blockId="3.[136,1452,556,721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF45FD8BF4E6E87C" bold="true" box="[136,186,592,613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Type</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF0CFD8BF485E87C" bold="true" box="[193,217,592,613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CF8FFE0FFE5FF14FD8BF65BE8C8" collectingDate="1894-01-05" collectionCode="NH, PRE" collectorName="R. Schlechter" country="South Africa" elevation="1463" location="Mundts" municipality="Pretoria" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="GRA0002396, NH0006706, PRE0347010, PRE0659062, PRE0659063" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Gauteng" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3277635FFE0FFE5FF14FD8BF5D7E87C" box="[217,395,592,613]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F847FFE0FFE5FE5BFD8BF61BE87C" box="[406,583,592,613]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Gauteng Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBACDFFFE0FFE5FD9FFD8BF6FDE87C" box="[594,673,592,613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Pretoria</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEF607EFFE0FFE5FD61FD8BF6A9E87C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987B3FFE0FFE5FF45FDD8F697EE9B:8EEF607EFFE0FFE5FD61FD8BF6A9E87C" box="[684,757,592,613]" country="South Africa" municipality="Pretoria" name="Mundts" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Gauteng">Mundts</location>
farm, alt.
<quantity id="4CC89B40FFE0FFE5FC92FD8BF7F6E87C" box="[863,938,592,613]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.463" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1463.0">
<elevation id="001DD196FFE0FFE5FC92FD8BF7F6E87C" box="[863,938,592,613]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.463" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1463.0">1463 m</elevation>
</quantity>
[ZT, G alt. given as
<quantity id="4CC89B40FFE0FFE5FBB6FD8BF090E87C" box="[1147,1228,592,613]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1600.0">
<elevation id="001DD196FFE0FFE5FBB6FD8BF090E87C" box="[1147,1228,592,613]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.a.s.l.],
<date id="FF8E1065FFE0FFE5FAC2FD8BF1FBE87C" box="[1295,1447,592,613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" value="1894-01-05">
<collectingDate id="EFCAE98DFFE0FFE5FAC2FD8BF1FBE87C" box="[1295,1447,592,613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" value="1894-01-05">5 January 1894</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF70FDAFF520E890" box="[189,380,628,649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<collectorName id="26C55373FFE0FFE5FF70FDAFF51EE890" box="[189,322,628,649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">R. Schlechter</collectorName>
4142
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FE40FDAFF5BBE890" box="[397,487,628,649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
BOL! [BOL137876], here designated;
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FCB5FDAFF7A9E890" box="[888,1013,628,649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
G! [G00188935], GRA! [
<specimenCode id="DB969EDEFFE0FFE5FACDFDAFF1CCE890" box="[1280,1424,628,649]" collectionCode="GRA" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">GRA0002396</specimenCode>
-0], K! [K000234471], MPU! [MPU019151],
<collectionCode id="ED21AE60FFE0FFE5FD97FD43F6DEE8B4" box="[602,642,664,685]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14911" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">NH</collectionCode>
! [
<specimenCode id="DB969EDEFFE0FFE5FD5EFD43F74FE8B4" box="[659,787,664,685]" collectionCode="NH" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14911" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">NH0006706</specimenCode>
-0],
<collectionCode id="ED21AE60FFE0FFE5FCFAFD43F734E8B4" box="[823,872,664,685]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">PRE</collectionCode>
! [
<specimenCode id="DB969EDEFFE0FFE5FCB4FD43F05DE8B4" box="[889,1025,664,685]" collectionCode="PRE" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">PRE0347010</specimenCode>
-0;
<specimenCode id="DB969EDEFFE0FFE5FBD2FD43F0F8E8B4" box="[1055,1188,664,685]" collectionCode="PRE" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">PRE0659062</specimenCode>
-0;
<specimenCode id="DB969EDEFFE0FFE5FB0FFD43F115E8B4" box="[1218,1353,664,685]" collectionCode="PRE" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">PRE0659063</specimenCode>
-0]; Z! [Z-000001755], ZT! [ZT-00013845])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE0FFE5FF45FCDAF697EE9B" blockId="3.[136,1452,769,1154]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
From the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE0FFE5FE33FCDAF068E903" authority=", Schlechter (1895 a)" authorityName=", Schlechter" authorityYear="1895" box="[510,1076,769,794]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Schizoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="periglossoides">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FE33FCDAF709E903" box="[510,853,769,794]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schizoglossum periglossoides,</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE0FFE5FC93FCDAF068E903" author="Schlechter, R." box="[862,1076,769,794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" pagination="267 - 273" refId="ref7173" refString="Schlechter, R. (1895 a) Contributions to South African Asclepiadology. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 33: 267 - 273." type="journal article" year="1895">Schlechter (1895a)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
cited two of his own collections (viz.
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF0EFCFEF526E927" box="[195,378,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schlechter 4027</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FE7EFCFEF5B7E927" box="[435,491,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4142</emphasis>
), both of which have many good sheets, which could be traced.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE0FFE5FB00FCFEF123E927" author="Kupicha, F. K." box="[1229,1407,805,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" pagination="599 - 672" refId="ref6958" refString="Kupicha, F. K. (1984) Studies on African Asclepiadaceae. Kew Bulletin 38: 599 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4108575" type="journal article" year="1984">Kupicha (1984)</bibRefCitation>
did include
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE0FFE5FF2CFC92F672E97B" authorityName=", Schlechter" authorityYear="1895" box="[225,558,841,866]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Schizoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="periglossoides">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF2CFC92F672E97B" box="[225,558,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schizoglossum periglossoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in her revision of the genus, but (and we are in agreement with this) attributed it to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE0FFE5FEDAFCB6F5C2E99F" authorityName="Schlechter" authorityYear="1894" box="[279,414,877,902]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stenostelma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FEDAFCB6F5C2E99F" box="[279,414,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Stenostelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. She did, however, labelled the
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FCC5FCB6F7E1E99F" box="[776,957,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schlechter 4142</emphasis>
at BOL as
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FBF0FCB6F0F8E99F" box="[1085,1188,877,902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and the material at
<collectionCode id="ED21AE60FFE0FFE5FA4EFCB6F1F7E99F" box="[1411,1451,877,902]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14911" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">NH</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED21AE60FFE0FFE5FF75FC4AF4B7E9B3" box="[184,235,913,938]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">PRE</collectionCode>
as
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FEDFFC4AF5F8E9B3" box="[274,420,913,938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
but never published it. This intended typification was never formally published. In order to avoid confusion we have followed her decision to select the
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FCFDFC6EF7B9E9D7" box="[816,997,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schlechter 4142</emphasis>
as type material. There is more material of this collection available, which is more widely distributed and represent the taxon as well as
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FB1EFC02F1D6E9EB" box="[1235,1418,985,1010]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schlechter 4027</emphasis>
. It also overcomes the confusion of some sheets with the number
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FC84FC26F7DDEE0F" box="[841,897,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4027</emphasis>
being wrongly numbered
<quantity id="4CC89B40FFE0FFE5FB67FC26F0A3EE0F" box="[1194,1279,1021,1046]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.023366" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="in" value="4029.0">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FB67FC26F0BEEE0F" box="[1194,1250,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">4029</emphasis>
in
</quantity>
some herbaria. Duplicates of
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FEE5FBFAF523EE23" box="[296,383,1057,1082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FE4AFBFAF661EE23" box="[391,573,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schlechter 4142</emphasis>
, collected in
<collectingRegion id="49F4F847FFE0FFE5FD15FBFAF786EE23" box="[728,986,1057,1082]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Mpumalanga Province</collectingRegion>
, marshy areas near Klein Olipfants (
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FAB1FBFAF1FEEE23" box="[1404,1442,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">sic.</emphasis>
) River, alt.
<quantity id="4CC89B40FFE0FFE5FECFFB9EF505EE47" box="[258,345,1093,1118]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6149999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1615.0">1615 m</quantity>
on
<date id="FF8E1065FFE0FFE5FE4AFB9EF63DEE47" box="[391,609,1093,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" value="1893-12-21">21 December 1893</date>
can be found at B!, G!, GRA!, MEL!,
<collectionCode id="ED21AE60FFE0FFE5FBE7FB9EF006EE47" box="[1066,1114,1093,1118]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14911" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">NH</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED21AE60FFE0FFE5FBA1FB9EF0F4EE47" box="[1132,1192,1093,1118]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">PRE</collectionCode>
!. Z!). The B and Z are orthographically misinterpreted as
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FDC2FBB2F698EE9B" box="[527,708,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schlechter 4029</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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229
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<heading id="D0C781C9FFE1FFE4FF45FDB4F77FE893" box="[136,803,623,650]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45FDB4F743E893" author="Bullock, A. A." box="[136,799,623,650]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1956">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45FDB4F743E893" ID-CoL="525CG" authority="(E. Meyer) Bullock (1956: 521)" authorityName="Bullock" authorityPageNumber="521" authorityYear="1956" baseAuthorityName="E. Meyer" box="[136,799,623,650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stenostelma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculatum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FDB4F5EBE893" bold="true" box="[136,439,623,650]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Stenostelma corniculatum</emphasis>
(E.Meyer)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FDF5FDAAF743E893" author="Bullock, A. A." box="[568,799,625,650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="503 - 522" refId="ref6643" refString="Bullock, A. A. (1956) Notes on African Asclepiadaceae VIII. Kew Bulletin 11: 503 - 522. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4109137" type="journal article" year="1956">Bullock (1956: 521)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45FD43F60EE8B4" box="[136,594,664,685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45FD43F612E8B4" author="Meyer, E. H. F." box="[136,590,664,685]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1837">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45FD43F612E8B4" ID-CoL="3RVQT" authority="E. Meyer (1837: 208)" authorityName="E. Meyer" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1837" box="[136,590,664,685]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Lagarinthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculatus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FD43F527E8B4" box="[136,379,664,685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Lagarinthus corniculatus</emphasis>
E.
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45FD67F68DE8C8" author="Dietrich, D." box="[136,721,700,721]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1840">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45FD67F68DE8C8" ID-CoL="3GSR9" authority="(E. Meyer) Dietrich (1840: 901)" authorityName="Dietrich" authorityPageNumber="901" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="E. Meyer" box="[136,721,700,721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Gomphocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculatus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FD67F5C6E8C8" box="[136,410,700,721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Gomphocarpus corniculatus</emphasis>
(E.Meyer)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FDC4FD67F68DE8C8" author="Dietrich, D." box="[521,721,700,721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="881 - 1642" refId="ref6676" refString="Dietrich, D. (1840) Synopsis Plantarum 2. Vimariae: B. F. Voigtii (Weimar), pp. 881 - 1642." type="book chapter" year="1840">Dietrich (1840: 901)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45FD3BF6C5E8EC" box="[136,665,736,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45FD3BF6C8E8EC" author="Schlechter, R." box="[136,660,736,757]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1895">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45FD3BF6C8E8EC" ID-CoL="6NMNX" authority="(E. Meyer) Schlechter (1895 a: 40)" authorityName="Schlechter" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="E. Meyer" box="[136,660,736,757]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Krebsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FD3BF514E8EC" box="[136,328,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Krebsia corniculata</emphasis>
(E.Meyer)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FE7AFD3BF6C8E8EC" author="Schlechter, R." box="[439,660,736,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="267 - 273" refId="ref7173" refString="Schlechter, R. (1895 a) Contributions to South African Asclepiadology. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 33: 267 - 273." type="journal article" year="1895">Schlechter (1895a: 40)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45FCDFF6E4E900" blockId="2.[136,1452,664,1009]" box="[136,696,772,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45FCDFF6E4E900" box="[136,696,772,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45FCDFF6E8E900" author="Dyer, R. A." box="[136,692,772,793]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1971">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45FCDFF6E8E900" ID-CoL="6XWXN" authority="(E. Meyer) Dyer (1971: 363)" authorityName="Dyer" authorityPageNumber="363" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="E. Meyer" box="[136,692,772,793]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Schizoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculatum">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FCDFF5C7E900" box="[136,411,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Schizoglossum corniculatum</emphasis>
(E.Meyer)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FDC6FCDFF6E8E900" author="Dyer, R. A." box="[523,692,772,793]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refId="ref6778" refString="Dyer, R. A. (1971) New and interesting records of African plants: A new combination in Schizoglossum. Bothalia 10 (2): 363." type="journal volume" year="1971">Dyer (1971: 363)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45FCF3F0BBE978" blockId="2.[136,1452,664,1009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FCF3F4E6E924" bold="true" box="[136,186,808,829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Type</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF0CFCF3F485E924" bold="true" box="[193,217,808,829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CF8FFE1FFE4FF14FCF3F0BFE978" collectingDate="1832-12-07" country="South Africa" elevation="1524" location="Table Mountain" municipality="Queenstown Division" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Eastern Cape" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3277635FFE1FFE4FF14FCF3F5D6E924" box="[217,394,808,829]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F847FFE1FFE4FE58FCF3F629E924" box="[405,629,808,829]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBACDFFFE1FFE4FD4DFCF3F708E924" box="[640,852,808,829]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Queenstown Division</collectingMunicipality>
, in rough area near
<location id="8EEF607EFFE1FFE4FBD5FCF3F0E9E924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987B3FFE1FFE4FF45FDB4F7ABEFBB:8EEF607EFFE1FFE4FBD5FCF3F0E9E924" box="[1048,1205,808,829]" country="South Africa" municipality="Queenstown Division" name="Table Mountain" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Table Mountain</location>
, alt.
<quantity id="4CC89B40FFE1FFE4FB28FCF3F176E924" box="[1253,1322,808,829]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1524.0">
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</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8E1065FFE1FFE4FAF8FCF3F4B3E978" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="1832-12-07">
<collectingDate id="EFCAE98DFFE1FFE4FAF8FCF3F4B3E978" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="1832-12-07">7 December 1832</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF34FC97F537E978" box="[249,363,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Drège 3423</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FEB5FC97F588E978" box="[376,468,844,865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, P [P04256909] scan!, here designated;
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FC99FC97F794E978" box="[852,968,844,865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
K! [K000234343] fragment)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45FCABF6D4E99C" blockId="2.[136,1452,664,1009]" box="[136,648,880,901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45FCABF6D8E99C" authority="Schechter (1894 c: 257)" authorityName="Schechter" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1894" box="[136,644,880,901]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Gomphocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenoglossus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FCABF5C7E99C" box="[136,411,880,901]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Gomphocarpus stenoglossus</emphasis>
Schechter (1894c: 257)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45FC4FF6CDE9B0" blockId="2.[136,1452,664,1009]" box="[136,657,916,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45FC4FF6CDE9B0" box="[136,657,916,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45FC4FF6D1E9B0" author="Schlechter, R." box="[136,653,916,937]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1896">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45FC4FF6D1E9B0" ID-CoL="8LF8G" authority="(Schltr.) Schlechter (1896 a: 450)" authorityName="Schlechter" authorityPageNumber="450" authorityYear="1896" baseAuthorityName="Schlechter" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[136,653,916,937]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Krebsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenoglossa">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FC4FF515E9B0" box="[136,329,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Krebsia stenoglossa</emphasis>
(Schltr.)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FE6EFC4FF6D1E9B0" author="Schlechter, R." box="[419,653,916,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="311 - 315" refId="ref7229" refString="Schlechter, R. (1896 a) Revision of extra-tropical South African Asclepiadaceae. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 34: 311 - 315; 417 - 421; 449 - 458." type="journal article" year="1896">Schlechter (1896a: 450)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A652EFFE1FFE4FF45FC63F7ABEFBB" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45FC63F5ACE9E8" blockId="2.[136,1452,664,1009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FC63F4E6E9D4" bold="true" box="[136,186,952,973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Type</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF0CFC63F485E9D4" bold="true" box="[193,217,952,973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CF8FFE1FFE4FF14FC63F5B0E9E8" collectionCode="GRA" country="South Africa" location="Barber" municipality="Kreilis" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="GRA0002403" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Eastern Cape" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3277635FFE1FFE4FF14FC63F5DBE9D4" box="[217,391,952,973]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F847FFE1FFE4FE42FC63F636E9D4" box="[399,618,952,973]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEBACDFFFE1FFE4FDBFFC63F6EFE9D4" box="[626,691,952,973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Kreilis</collectingMunicipality>
country,
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FCC6FC63F724E9D4" box="[779,888,952,973]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<location id="8EEF607EFFE1FFE4FCC6FC63F713E9D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987B3FFE1FFE4FF45FDB4F7ABEFBB:8EEF607EFFE1FFE4FCC6FC63F713E9D4" box="[779,847,952,973]" country="South Africa" municipality="Kreilis" name="Barber" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Barber</location>
293
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FC4EFC63F781E9D4" box="[899,989,952,973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
K! [K000234340], here designated;
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FAFAFC63F1F7E9D4" box="[1335,1451,952,973]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
GRA! [
<specimenCode id="DB969EDEFFE1FFE4FECEFC07F5CDE9E8" box="[259,401,988,1009]" collectionCode="GRA" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">GRA0002403</specimenCode>
-0] scan!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45FBFAF49CEED3" blockId="2.[136,1452,1057,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FE16FBFAF7C3EE23" authority="Meyer (1837)" authorityName="E. Meyer" authorityYear="1837" box="[475,927,1057,1082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Lagarinthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculatus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FE16FBFAF6A5EE23" box="[475,761,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Lagarinthus corniculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FCCFFBFAF7C3EE23" author="Meyer, E. H. F." box="[770,927,1057,1082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="187 - 225" refId="ref6990" refString="Meyer, E. H. F. (1837) Commentariorum de Plantis Africae Australioris Vol. 1, Fasicle 2. Leipzig: Voss, pp. 187 - 225." type="book chapter" year="1837">Meyer (1837)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
cited two collections (
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FB6AFBFAF170EE23" box="[1191,1324,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Drège 3423</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FAAAFBFAF4F3EE47" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Drège s.n.</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF0AFB9EF566EE47" box="[199,314,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Drège s.n.</emphasis>
, from the grassy hillsides at Katberg was not traced. The only duplicates of
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FB52FB9EF17FEE47" box="[1183,1315,1093,1118]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Drège 3423</emphasis>
were found at at K and P (scan). As the specimen from P is more complete it is chosen as
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FBDEFBB2F021EE9B" box="[1043,1149,1129,1154]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. The material from K was examined and despite it being only a fragment the identity could be confirmed to be this taxon, based on the flowers only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF70FB0EF7ABEFBB" blockId="2.[136,1452,1057,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FF70FB0EF5CCEEF7" author="Schlechter, R." box="[189,400,1237,1262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="257 - 263" refId="ref7146" refString="Schlechter, R. (1894 c) Contributions to South African Asclepiadology. Journal of Botany, British and foreign 32: 257 - 263." type="journal article" year="1894">Schlechter (1894c)</bibRefCitation>
only listed the collection of
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FD04FB0EF714EEF7" box="[713,840,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Barber 293</emphasis>
when he newly described
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FBA6FB0EF1F0EEF7" authorityName="Schechter" authorityYear="1894" box="[1131,1452,1237,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Gomphocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stenoglossus">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FBA6FB0EF1F0EEF7" box="[1131,1452,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Gomphocarpus stenoglossus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of which
<specimenCount id="9D36FD2CFFE1FFE4FF22FB22F5CFEF0B" box="[239,403,1273,1298]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
could be traced at GRA and K. The material from K is here selected as
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FB50FB22F158EF0B" box="[1181,1284,1273,1298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
as it represents the full facies of the species better and is more representative of the species than the sheet from GRA. It was interesting that N.E. Brown wrote on the GRA specimen: “Mr. Bowker &amp; Mrs Baber were brother and sister relations and the same plant with the same number appears to have been distributed sometimes under the one name and sometimes under the other” hence the correction of the label at K from Bowker to Barber.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<subSubSection id="C32A652EFFE1FFE4FF45F880F725ED6F" box="[136,889,1883,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45F880F725ED6F" blockId="2.[136,889,1883,1910]" box="[136,889,1883,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D0C781C9FFE1FFE4FF45F880F725ED6F" box="[136,889,1883,1910]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45F880F6A4ED6F" ID-CoL="525CJ" authority="(E. Meyer) Bester &amp; Nicholas" authorityName="Bester &amp; Nicholas" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Bester &amp; Nicholas" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[136,760,1883,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stenostelma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eustegioides" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45F880F5FBED6F" bold="true" box="[136,423,1883,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Stenostelma eustegioides</emphasis>
(E.Meyer) Bester &amp; Nicholas
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FD32F886F760ED6F" box="[767,828,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">comb</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FC84F886F72DED6F" box="[841,881,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C32A652EFFE1FFE4FF45F85FF6F9E21C" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45F85FF660ED80" blockId="2.[136,1451,1924,2089]" box="[136,572,1924,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45F85FF660ED80" box="[136,572,1924,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45F85FF664ED80" author="Meyer, E. H. F." box="[136,568,1924,1945]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1837">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45F85FF664ED80" ID-CoL="3RVQV" authority="Meyer (1837: 207)" authorityName="Meyer" authorityPageNumber="207" authorityYear="1837" box="[136,568,1924,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Lagarinthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eustegioides">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45F85FF526ED80" box="[136,378,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Lagarinthus eustegioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FE4DF85FF664ED80" author="Meyer, E. H. F." box="[384,568,1924,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="187 - 225" refId="ref6990" refString="Meyer, E. H. F. (1837) Commentariorum de Plantis Africae Australioris Vol. 1, Fasicle 2. Leipzig: Voss, pp. 187 - 225." type="book chapter" year="1837">Meyer (1837: 207)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45F873F688EDA4" blockId="2.[136,1451,1924,2089]" box="[136,724,1960,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45F873F688EDA4" box="[136,724,1960,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45F873F68CEDA4" author="Dietrich, D." box="[136,720,1960,1981]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1840">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45F873F68CEDA4" ID-CoL="3GSRP" authority="(E. Meyer) Dietrich (1840: 901)" authorityName="Dietrich" authorityPageNumber="901" authorityYear="1840" baseAuthorityName="E. Meyer" box="[136,720,1960,1981]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Gomphocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eustegioides">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45F873F5C5EDA4" box="[136,409,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Gomphocarpus eustegioides</emphasis>
(E.Meyer)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FDC5F873F68CEDA4" author="Dietrich, D." box="[520,720,1960,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="881 - 1642" refId="ref6676" refString="Dietrich, D. (1840) Synopsis Plantarum 2. Vimariae: B. F. Voigtii (Weimar), pp. 881 - 1642." type="book chapter" year="1840">Dietrich (1840: 901)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45F817F6FAEDF8" blockId="2.[136,1451,1924,2089]" box="[136,678,1996,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45F817F6FAEDF8" box="[136,678,1996,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45F817F6FEEDF8" author="Schlechter, R." box="[136,674,1996,2017]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1896">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45F817F6FEEDF8" ID-CoL="H6D9" authority="(E. Meyer) Schlechter (1896 b: 6)" authorityName="Schlechter" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1896" baseAuthorityName="E. Meyer" box="[136,674,1996,2017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Asclepias" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eustegioides">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45F817F53DEDF8" box="[136,353,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Asclepias eustegioides</emphasis>
(E.Meyer)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FE1DF817F6FEEDF8" author="Schlechter, R." box="[464,674,1996,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref7265" refString="Schlechter, R. (1896 b) Die Drege'schen Asclepiadaceen im Erenst Meyer'schen Herbar. Botanische Jahrbucher 21 (5): 1 - 14. [Beiblatt 54]" type="journal article" year="1896">Schlechter (1896b: 6)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45F82BF6F9E21C" blockId="2.[136,1451,1924,2089]" box="[136,677,2032,2053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45F82BF6F9E21C" box="[136,677,2032,2053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45F82BF6FDE21C" author="Druce, G. C." box="[136,673,2032,2053]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1917">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45F82BF6FDE21C" ID-CoL="79X9L" authority="(Meyer) Druce (1917: 645)" authorityName="Druce" authorityPageNumber="645" authorityYear="1917" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" box="[136,673,2032,2053]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Schizoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eustegioides">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45F82BF5CEE21C" box="[136,402,2032,2053]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Schizoglossum eustegioides</emphasis>
(Meyer)
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FE20F82BF6FDE21C" author="Druce, G. C." box="[493,673,2032,2053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 645" refId="ref6741" refString="Druce, G. C. (1917) Report of the Botanical Society and Exchange Club of the British Isles, Abroath, Scotland 4 (1916, supplement 2): 1 - 645." type="journal article" year="1917">Druce (1917: 645)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32A652EFFE1FFE5FF45F7CFF6ECEBCF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45F7CFF1F7E230" blockId="2.[136,1451,1924,2089]" box="[136,1451,2068,2089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45F7CFF4E6E230" bold="true" box="[136,186,2068,2089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FF45F7CFF4E6E230" box="[136,186,2068,2089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF0CF7CFF485E230" bold="true" box="[193,217,2068,2089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3277635FFE1FFE4FF14F7CFF5D6E230" box="[217,394,2068,2089]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F847FFE1FFE4FE5EF7CFF62EE230" box="[403,626,2068,2089]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, Scattered in the Sneeuwberg Mountains, not far from Compasberg, alt. c.
<quantity id="4CC89B40FFE1FFE4FA87F7CFF1CFE230" box="[1354,1427,2068,2089]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
, 2
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE0FFE5FF70FF7BF632EAC0" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
March 1833,
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FEF3FF7BF5ECEAAC" box="[318,432,160,181]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Drège 3438</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FE71FF7BF64AEAAC" box="[444,534,160,181]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
P [P04256914] scan!, here designated;
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FC5EFF7BF05BEAAC" box="[915,1031,160,181]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
K! [K000234579] fragment).
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE0FFE5FF70FF1FF635EAC0" authority="Moore (1902: 383)" authorityName="Moore" authorityPageNumber="383" authorityYear="1902" box="[189,617,196,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Schizoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF70FF1FF5F6EAC0" box="[189,426,196,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Schizoglossum crassipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE0FFE5FE7DFF1FF635EAC0" author="Moore, S." box="[432,617,196,217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" pagination="380 - 385" refId="ref7023" refString="Moore, S. (1902) New or noteworthy South African plants. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 40: 380 - 385." type="journal article" year="1902">Moore (1902: 383)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE0FFE5FF45FF33F70BEB38" blockId="3.[136,1452,160,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF45FF33F4E6EAE4" bold="true" box="[136,186,232,253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Type</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF0CFF33F485EAE4" bold="true" box="[193,217,232,253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3277635FFE0FFE5FF14FF33F5D0EAE4" box="[217,396,232,253]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
, Leeuw Spruit and Orange River Colony, near Vredefort road, Capt.
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FBF2FF33F14DEAE4" box="[1087,1297,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Hamilton-Barrett s.n.</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FAEDFF33F12AEAE4" box="[1312,1398,232,253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
BM! [BM000925946],
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FEA6FED7F5ECEB38" box="[363,432,268,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
K! [K000234581], a branch from the type).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE0FFE5FF45FE8AF6ECEBCF" blockId="3.[136,1451,337,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE0FFE5FE16FE8AF7C2EB73" authority="Meyer (1837)" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1837" box="[475,926,337,362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Lagarinthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eustegioides">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FE16FE8AF6ABEB73" box="[475,759,337,362]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Lagarinthus eustegioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE0FFE5FCCCFE8AF7C2EB73" author="Meyer, E. H. F." box="[769,926,337,362]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" pagination="187 - 225" refId="ref6990" refString="Meyer, E. H. F. (1837) Commentariorum de Plantis Africae Australioris Vol. 1, Fasicle 2. Leipzig: Voss, pp. 187 - 225." type="book chapter" year="1837">Meyer (1837)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
only one locality is listed. When this locality is cross-referenced with the collections listed in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE0FFE5FD61FEAEF7C6EB97" author="Drege, J. F." box="[684,922,373,398]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refId="ref6704" refString="Drege, J. F. (1843) Zwei pflanzengeographische Documente nebst einer Einleitung von Dr. E. Meyer. Besondere Beigabe zur Flora 1843 Band II. Leipzig, Regensburg. 230 pp." type="book" year="1843">Drège (1843: 54–55)</bibRefCitation>
the only collection that matches the taxon and locality is
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE0FFE5FF33FE42F5DFEBAB" box="[254,387,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Drège 3438</emphasis>
. As the specimen from P (only scan seen) is a more complete specimen when compared to the fragment at K, it is selected here as the
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE0FFE5FD8FFE66F6F0EBCF" box="[578,684,445,470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

184
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<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE2FFE7FF45F873F62BEDDA" blockId="1.[136,631,1960,1987]" box="[136,631,1960,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="D0C781C9FFE2FFE7FF45F873F62BEDDA" box="[136,631,1960,1987]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE2FFE7FF45F873F628EDDA" author="Schlechter, R." box="[136,628,1960,1987]" page=")" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" year="1894">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE2FFE7FF45F873F628EDDA" ID-CoL="6ZMZK" authority="Schlechter (1894 b: 6)" authorityName="Schlechter" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1894" box="[136,628,1960,1987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Stenostelma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE2FFE7FF45F873F52BEDDB" bold="true" box="[136,375,1960,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Stenostelma capense</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE2FFE7FF45F80BF62CEDFC" blockId="1.[136,624,2000,2021]" box="[136,624,2000,2021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE2FFE7FF45F80BF62CEDFC" box="[136,624,2000,2021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE2FFE7FF45F80BF630EDFC" author="Huber, H." box="[136,620,2000,2021]" page=")" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" year="1961">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE2FFE7FF45F80BF630EDFC" ID-CoL="79X9G" authority="(Schltr.) Huber (1961: 35)" authorityName="Huber" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1961" baseAuthorityName="Schltr." box="[136,620,2000,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Schizoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE2FFE7FF45F80BF534EDFC" box="[136,360,2000,2021]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Schizoglossum capense</emphasis>
(Schltr.)
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<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FF7BF4E6EAAC" bold="true" box="[136,186,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Type</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF0CFF7BF485EAAC" bold="true" box="[193,217,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CF8FFE1FFE4FF14FF7BF128EAC0" collectingDate="1892-12" collectionCode="PRE" collectorName="H. G. Flanagan" country="South Africa" elevation="1300" location="Kimberley" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="PRE0345553, GRA0002410" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Northern Cape" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3277635FFE1FFE4FF14FF7BF5D5EAAC" box="[217,393,160,181]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F847FFE1FFE4FE5CFF7BF621EAAC" box="[401,637,160,181]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Northern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, near
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, alt.
<quantity id="4CC89B40FFE1FFE4FC87FF7BF7C9EAAC" box="[842,917,160,181]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation id="001DD196FFE1FFE4FC87FF7BF7C9EAAC" box="[842,917,160,181]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8E1065FFE1FFE4FC52FF7BF065EAAC" box="[927,1081,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="1892-12">
<collectingDate id="EFCAE98DFFE1FFE4FC52FF7BF065EAAC" box="[927,1081,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="1892-12">December 1892</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FB89FF7BF157EAAC" box="[1092,1291,160,181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<collectorName id="26C55373FFE1FFE4FB89FF7BF089EAAC" box="[1092,1237,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">H.G. Flanagan</collectorName>
1693
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FAD5FF7BF12EEAAC" box="[1304,1394,160,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED21AE60FFE1FFE4FABAFF7BF1F4EAAC" box="[1399,1448,160,181]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">PRE</collectionCode>
! [
<specimenCode id="DB969EDEFFE1FFE4FF0EFF1FF510EAC0" box="[195,332,196,217]" collectionCode="PRE" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">PRE0345553</specimenCode>
-0], here designated;
<typeStatus id="548B8807FFE1FFE4FDDDFF1FF6D1EAC0" box="[528,653,196,217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
BOL [BOL137919] scan!, GRA [
<specimenCode id="DB969EDEFFE1FFE4FC1FFF1FF03CEAC0" box="[978,1120,196,217]" collectionCode="GRA" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">GRA0002410</specimenCode>
-0] scan!, K! [K000234348])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A652EFFE1FFE4FF45FF33F69AEAE4" box="[136,710,232,253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8F36A5FFE1FFE4FF45FF33F69AEAE4" blockId="2.[136,1452,160,289]" box="[136,710,232,253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB20118BFFE1FFE4FF45FF33F69AEAE4" box="[136,710,232,253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110B4FFE1FFE4FF45FF33F63BEAE4" author="Brown, N. E." box="[136,615,232,253]" page=")" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" year="1902">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D26FFE1FFE4FF45FF33F63BEAE4" ID-CoL="6Y8XF" authority="N.E. Brown (1902: 363)" authorityName="N. E. Brown" authorityPageNumber="363" authorityYear="1902" box="[136,615,232,253]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Schizoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aciculare" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FF33F529EAE4" box="[136,373,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Schizoglossum aciculare</emphasis>
N.E.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FE60FF33F63BEAE4" author="Brown, N. E." box="[429,615,232,253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="231 - 502" refId="ref6528" refString="Brown, N. E. (1902) Asclepiadaceae. In: Thistleton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa 4 (1). Lovell Reeve &amp; Co. Ltd., pp. 231 - 502." type="book chapter" year="1902">Brown (1902: 363)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FF45FED7F4E6EB38" bold="true" box="[136,186,268,289]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Type</emphasis>
:
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<collectingCountry id="F3277635FFE1FFE4FF14FED7F53DEB38" box="[217,353,268,289]" name="Botswana" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
, Ngamiland, near Kgwebe,
<date id="FF8E1065FFE1FFE4FDA1FED7F75BEB38" box="[620,775,268,289]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="1896-12">December 1896</date>
,
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(
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K! [K000234349]).
</paragraph>
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In the original description of
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<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FE10FE8AF694EB73" box="[477,712,337,362]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Stenostelma capense</emphasis>
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cited only the collection of
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. From the four duplicates seen the
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specimen was selected as
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as it is the best quality material with numerous inflorescences and the habit typical of the species. The K material is only a branch taken from this specimen as indicated on the note in Brown’s hand on the K specimen. The GRA and BOL specimens are much smaller though also good material.
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The type of
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<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FE89FDDEF605E807" box="[324,601,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Schizoglossum aciculare</emphasis>
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was indicated as
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by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B54FFE1FFE4FC77FDDEF006E807" author="Brown, N. E." box="[954,1114,517,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" pagination="231 - 502" refId="ref6528" refString="Brown, N. E. (1902) Asclepiadaceae. In: Thistleton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa 4 (1). Lovell Reeve &amp; Co. Ltd., pp. 231 - 502." type="book chapter" year="1902">Brown (1902)</bibRefCitation>
. The only duplicate of
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found is at K, it is indicated as “
<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE1FFE4FDDEFDF2F61BE85B" box="[531,583,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Type</emphasis>
” and therefore must be regarded as the
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<emphasis id="B944EAB7FFE2FFE7FF09F8BFF5D9ED60" box="[196,389,1892,1913]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Krebsia stenoglossa</emphasis>
(
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<mods:namePart id="6038DEB531CAD33D8FF0EA986BB63B4F">Henderson, Andrew</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="556756A41D3B30953D11714316C5728E">Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 - 5126, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2F7B32E333075D6C88F87A800792CCC3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F130A1DA2DCE2BFE966A59D0C64DA863">
<mods:roleTerm id="8819FB43B6DDD4773770098B986A7B4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B9E68266F4E99F7582E61145BB8EDB89">Dung, Nguyen Quoc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="857B32B91A6575EB4F4C7D19E4C74BEB">Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Thanh Tri, Hanoi, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D93A673785CB4F5FCA6C21D329632A44">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8D5DAF3A92B5A16DABF6A25AA8F8E8DB">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3005ECE214E1C2B7C07EB5F1D924C74D">
<mods:date id="7719F00582933FCE400255DD099DF1E0">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9E303A2B4730D9A20D74727F969E41F9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6F0ACFCCD9534B2FCA49E69F3FA45C8F">2018-08-09</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="963C68106C06811D45CA5796EFC409A3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DBEEF29FFA0272237324EA70D7F6DD4B">364</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="FCE15DF80205192C6B3D3247D8CFDE47">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5013205B300E108C89D960949D1D82DC">202</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3D31825F56D8848D1B151D4FB791C0E6">204</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="5C2E50BE284C9804540D00B19D76640F">
<mods:url id="CAF0735950A021863865E6D40ED74F7B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.364.2.7</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="CD5102C9EEE715866DCC8C568F84BB48">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="010195AE59C91B6BB146F2FAB65349AB" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.364.2.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="16B90CF1B1B923E5B5DF0C358500F048" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C319656DFFC21E0800E10104FC9FFBAF" box="[136,886,1065,1089]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC21E0800E10104FC9FFBAF" blockId="0.[136,1451,1065,1161]" box="[136,886,1065,1089]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">
<heading id="D0F4818AFFC21E0800E10104FC9FFBAF" bold="true" box="[136,886,1065,1089]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E0800E10104FC9FFBAF" bold="true" box="[136,886,1065,1089]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC21E0800E10104FCF4FBAF" ID-CoL="9K9G4" authority="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,797,1065,1089]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="applanata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E0800E10104FE7EFBAF" bold="true" box="[136,407,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">Daemonorops applanata</emphasis>
Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E08034D0104FC9FFBAF" bold="true" box="[804,886,1066,1089]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A244578FFFC21E08034D0104FC9FFBAF" box="[804,886,1066,1089]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319656DFFC21E0800E1017EFEFBF7E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC21E0800E1017EFB00FB67" blockId="0.[136,1451,1065,1161]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="F3147676FFC21E0800BF017EFEA1FB8B" box="[214,328,1104,1125]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC21E08013B017EFE4DFB8B" box="[338,420,1104,1125]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Tinh" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">Ha Tinh</collectingRegion>
: Vu Quang District, Vu Quang National Park, road from Park Headquarters to Border Army Post, 18˚19’
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC21E0805FE017EFA42FB8B" box="[1431,1451,1104,1125]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
105˚22’
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC21E080160015AFEF3FB67" box="[265,282,1140,1161]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC21E08012C015AFE6DFB67" box="[325,388,1140,1161]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC21E0801E7015AFDE5FB67" box="[398,524,1140,1161]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" value="2007-07-18">18 July 2007</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E08027F015AFC6AFB67" box="[534,899,1140,1161]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC21E08027F015AFDC1FB67" box="[534,552,1140,1161]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Henderson &amp; Ninh Khac Ban 3435
</emphasis>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC21E080382015AFBFDFB67" box="[1003,1044,1140,1161]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
!,
<typeStatus id="54B88844FFC21E080448015AFB8FFB67" box="[1057,1126,1140,1161]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC21E080404015AFB7EFB67" box="[1133,1175,1140,1161]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
!).
<figureCitation id="13382A63FFC21E0804C2015AFB0DFB67" box="[1195,1252,1140,1161]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1082,1103]" captionTargetBox="[138,1448,187,1055]" captionTargetId="figure-17@1.[138,1448,187,1055]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Daemonorops applanata, plant with staminate inflorescences. B. Leaf sheath with dense, flattened spines, at least some laciniate (from Henderson et al. 3241)." pageId="0" pageNumber="202">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC21E0800E10194FEF8FB1B" blockId="0.[136,1452,1210,2061]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">
It differs from all other species of
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<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E08019D0194FD63FB3F" box="[500,650,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">Daemonorops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3147676FFC21E0802C20194FCECFB3F" box="[683,773,1210,1233]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
in its dense, flattened leaf sheath spines, at least some of which are laciniate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC21E0800D4002CFEFBF7E3" blockId="0.[136,1452,1210,2061]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E0800D4002CFEE8FAF7" bold="true" box="[189,257,1282,1305]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">Stems</emphasis>
clustered, climbing, 8.5(4.0–20.0) m long, 2.7(2.2–3.6) cm diameter.
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E080386002CFB97FAF7" bold="true" box="[1007,1150,1282,1305]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
tubular, closed opposite the petiole, with a knee below the petiole; leaf sheath spines dense, flattened, at least some laciniate; ocreas prominent, nonspiny, coriaceous, well-developed above petiole, open opposite petiole, persistent; flagella absent; petioles 25.8(16.0–60.0) cm long; rachises 146.9(105.0–230.0) cm long, the apices extended into an elongate cirrus without well-developed pinnae, usually with reduced or vestigial pinnae, adaxially flat, abaxially with more or less regularly arranged (at least proximally), distantly spaced clusters of dark-tipped, recurved spines, terminating in a shallow groove adaxially;
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E08048C0098FADBFA23" bold="true" box="[1253,1330,1462,1485]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">pinnae</emphasis>
38(23–47) per side of rachis, regularly or irregularly arranged, linear, with spinules on veins adaxially and abaxially, the lateral veins approximately parallel, one terminating subapically, leaving a distinct or obscure, adaxial ‘broken’ vein; middle pinnae 37.2(25.5–54.5) cm long, 2.0(1.1–3.5) cm wide.
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E0802F5030CFCD4F9D7" bold="true" box="[668,829,1570,1593]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">Inflorescences</emphasis>
diverging from sheath well below sheath apex, with two vertical ridges on the sheath distal to point of divergence; inflorescences erect to arching, short, without any recurved spines, terminating in a filiform apex sometimes covered with overlapping bracts; partial inflorescences not stalked, with a pulvinus in axil of rachis and partial inflorescence; rachis bracts splitting along their entire length, falling as the rachis elongates, leaving a conspicuous, circular scar on the rachis, papery in texture; rachillae sessile; staminate inflorescences branched to 3 orders, 51.3(44.0–60.0) cm long; staminate rachillae 1.5(1.0–2.1) cm long; staminate flowers alternately arranged; staminate sepals usually shorter than the petals, cupular, 3-lobed at the apex; stamens 6; filaments uniseriate, inflexed at the apex; pistillate inflorescences branched to 2 orders, length not recorded; pistillate rachillae 5.6(3.5–7.7) cm long, with dyads of 1 pistillate and 1 neuter flower borne on short, stout pedicels, the dyads alternately arranged; pistillate calyces cupular, broadly 3-lobed, much shorter than the corolla;
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC21E0802FB0248FD39F893" bold="true" box="[658,720,1894,1917]" pageId="0" pageNumber="202">fruits</emphasis>
globose,
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC21E0803530248FC73F893" box="[826,922,1894,1917]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="0" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="14.7">14.7 mm</quantity>
long, 12.0 mm diameter, yellow-brown; fruiting perianths explanate; fruit scales deeply channeled vertically; seeds 1 per fruit, basally attached, large, globose, not reniform in longitudinal section, the dorsal seed surfaces pitted, covered with a tanniniferous, non-fibrous sarcotesta; raphe branches not bifurcating from the attachment of the seed; endosperm with numerous, deep, pit-like ruminations; embryos at or near base of seed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7C666EFFC31E0900E10114FE16FB9D" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" startId="1.[136,229,1082,1103]" targetBox="[138,1448,187,1055]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC31E0900E10114FE16FB9D" blockId="1.[136,1452,1082,1139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0900E10114FEFFFBA1" bold="true" box="[136,278,1082,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">FIGURE 1. A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09014A0114FDFBFBA1" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityYear="2018" box="[291,530,1082,1103]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="applanata">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09014A0114FDFBFBA1" box="[291,530,1082,1103]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Daemonorops applanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, plant with staminate inflorescences.
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0903E80114FC78FBA1" bold="true" box="[897,913,1082,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">B</emphasis>
. Leaf sheath with dense, flattened spines, at least some laciniate (from
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0901750170FE18FB9D" box="[284,497,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Henderson et al. 3241</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C319656DFFC31E0A00D4018BFC32FCF5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC31E0900D4018BFE17FB0E" blockId="1.[136,1452,1189,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0900D4018BFE26FB52" bold="true" box="[189,463,1189,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:—Central and southern
<collectingCountry id="F3147676FFC31E0902BB018BFCC5FB52" box="[722,812,1189,1212]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
in lowland rainforest but more often in disturbed places near roads, at 280(20–790) m elevation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC31E0900D401C3FDEBFA56" blockId="1.[136,1452,1189,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0900D401C3FE77FAEA" bold="true" box="[189,414,1261,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
The seven species of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09021701C3FC02FAEA" box="[638,1003,1261,1284]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Piptospatha">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09021701C3FCFDFAEA" box="[638,788,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Daemonorops</emphasis>
section
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09030301C3FC02FAEA" box="[874,1003,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Piptospatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3147676FFC31E09046301C3FB8DFAEA" box="[1034,1124,1261,1284]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09040D01C3FB96FAEA" bold="true" box="[1124,1151,1261,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09041601C3FAF8FAEA" box="[1151,1297,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09041601C3FAE4FAEA" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityYear="2018" box="[1151,1293,1261,1284]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="applanata">D. applanata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09057E01C3FD82FAC6" authority="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung (2010: 28)" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicaulis">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09057E01C3FA45FAEA" box="[1303,1452,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. brevicaulis</emphasis>
Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung (2010: 28)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E090211003FFB7FFAC6" authority="(Henderson et al.) Henderson (2010: 27)" authorityName="Henderson" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Henderson et al." box="[632,1174,1297,1320]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fissilis">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E090211003FFD34FAC6" box="[632,733,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. fissilis</emphasis>
(Henderson
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09030E003FFC74FAC6" box="[871,925,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">et al.</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B17FFC31E0903C5003FFB7FFAC6" author="Henderson, A. &amp; Dung, N. Q." box="[940,1174,1297,1320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" pagination="25 - 33" refId="ref2215" refString="Henderson, A. &amp; Dung, N. Q. (2010) Notes on rattans (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 8: 25 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 8.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">Henderson (2010: 27)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E0904CA003FFEEDFAA2" authority="Dransfield (2001: 662)" authorityName="Dransfield" authorityPageNumber="662" authorityYear="2001" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollispina">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0904CA003FFADCFAC6" box="[1187,1333,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. mollispina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B17FFC31E090552003FFEEDFAA2" author="Dransfield, J." pageId="1" pageNumber="203" pagination="661 - 667" refId="ref2179" refString="Dransfield, J. (2001) Two new species of Daemonorops (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Kew Bulletin 56: 661 - 667. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4117692" type="journal article" year="2001">Dransfield (2001: 662)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E090178001BFC9DFAA2" authority="(Henderson et al.) Henderson (2010: 27)" authorityName="Henderson" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Henderson et al." box="[273,884,1333,1356]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuichuaensis">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E090178001BFE55FAA2" box="[273,444,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. nuichuaensis</emphasis>
(Henderson
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09022C001BFD92FAA2" box="[581,635,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">et al.</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B17FFC31E0902E0001BFC9DFAA2" author="Henderson, A. &amp; Dung, N. Q." box="[649,884,1333,1356]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" pagination="25 - 33" refId="ref2215" refString="Henderson, A. &amp; Dung, N. Q. (2010) Notes on rattans (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 8: 25 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 8.1.2" type="journal article" year="2010">Henderson (2010: 27)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E090316001BFF45FA9E" authority="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung (2010: 29)" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityPageNumber="29" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ocreata">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E090316001BFC06FAA2" box="[895,1007,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. ocreata</emphasis>
Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung (2010: 29)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09008E0077FEB6FA9E" authorityName="Dransfield" authorityYear="2001" box="[231,351,1369,1392]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poilanei">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09008E0077FEB6FA9E" box="[231,351,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. poilanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0901360077FE93FA9E" bold="true" box="[351,378,1369,1392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">—</emphasis>
appear to form a group of related species, differing from other species in the section by the presence of a well-developed ocrea. All species are endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F3147676FFC31E0902A50053FCCFFA7A" box="[716,806,1405,1428]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and geographically isolated with the nearest other members of the section in southern
<collectingCountry id="F3147676FFC31E0901F5008FFE17FA56" box="[412,510,1441,1464]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC31E0900D400EBFC7FF97E" blockId="1.[136,1452,1189,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E0900D400EBFE2FFA32" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,454,1477,1500]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="applanata">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0900D400EBFE2FFA32" box="[189,454,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Daemonorops applanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other species of section
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09031E00EBFC11FA32" box="[887,1016,1477,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" rank="section" section="Piptospatha">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09031E00EBFC11FA32" box="[887,1016,1477,1500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Piptospatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3147676FFC31E09047300EBFB9DFA32" box="[1050,1140,1477,1500]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
in its flattened, laciniate leaf sheath spines. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E0901AD00C7FDD5F9EE" authorityName="Dransfield" authorityYear="2001" box="[452,572,1513,1536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="poilanei">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0901AD00C7FDD5F9EE" box="[452,572,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. poilanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its spinulose pinnae (
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09032D00C7FC61F9EE" box="[836,904,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">versus</emphasis>
non-spinulose pinnae) and
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC31E0904D800C7FAF9F9EE" box="[1201,1296,1513,1536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="14.7">14.7 mm</quantity>
long and 12.0 mm diameter fruits (
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0901030323FE47F9CA" box="[362,430,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">versus</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC31E0901DE0323FDBAF9CA" box="[439,595,1549,1572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.935" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.7199999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="29.35" valueMax="31.5" valueMin="27.2">27.2–31.5 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC31E0902AA0323FCB6F9CA" box="[707,863,1549,1572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.165" metricValueMax="2.57" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="mm" value="21.65" valueMax="25.7" valueMin="17.6">17.6–25.7 mm</quantity>
diameter fruits). It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E0904AB0323FAB3F9CA" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityYear="2010" box="[1218,1370,1549,1572]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevicaulis">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0904AB0323FAB3F9CA" box="[1218,1370,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. brevicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E0905F80323FEFAF9A6" authorityName="Henderson" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Henderson et al." class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuichuaensis">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0905F80323FEFAF9A6" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. nuichuaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its climbing stems (
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E090261031FFDA5F9A6" box="[520,588,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">versus</emphasis>
non-climbing); from
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09035C031FFC51F9A6" box="[821,952,1585,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollispin">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09035C031FFC51F9A6" box="[821,952,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. mollispin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a and
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E090390031FFB83F9A6" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityYear="2010" box="[1017,1130,1585,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ocreata">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E090390031FFB83F9A6" box="[1017,1130,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. ocreata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its closed leaf sheaths with a knee below the petiole (
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0901F5037BFE09F982" box="[412,480,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">versus</emphasis>
open sheaths without a knee); from
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09030F037BFC22F982" authorityName="Henderson" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Henderson et al." box="[870,971,1621,1644]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Daemonorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fissilis">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09030F037BFC22F982" box="[870,971,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">D. fissilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its well-developed petiole and rachis with 23–47 pinnae per side (
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0901EB0357FE2FF97E" box="[386,454,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">versus</emphasis>
short petiole and rachis with 8–12 pinnae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC31E0900D403B3FA4AF912" blockId="1.[136,1452,1189,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
There is some variation in the pedicel of the pistillate dyad. In most specimens the pedicel is scarcely developed, but in
<specimenCount id="9D05FD6FFFC31E0900E103EFFECFF936" box="[136,294,1729,1752]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
from Ba To in
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC31E0901A303EFFD59F936" box="[458,688,1729,1752]" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Ngai" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Quang Ngai province</collectingRegion>
(
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0902A903EFFC19F936" box="[704,1008,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Henderson et al. 3604, 3806</emphasis>
) the pedicel is relatively well-developed. Ba To is home to several narrow endemics, for example
<taxonomicName id="4C034D65FFC31E09028803CBFA76F912" authority="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung (2017: 159)" authorityName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="2017" box="[737,1439,1765,1788]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Lanonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batoensis">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09028803CBFC4FF912" box="[737,934,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Lanonia batoensis</emphasis>
Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung (2017: 159)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36E6FFC31E0A00D40227FC32FCF5" blockId="1.[136,1452,1189,2076]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,160,795]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0900D40227FDDEF8CE" box="[189,567,1801,1824]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0900D40227FDD9F8CE" bold="true" box="[189,560,1801,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC31E0902280227FBCCF8AA" collectingDate="2007-04-05" collectionCode="HN, NY" collectorName="Henderson" country="Vietnam" elevation="20" latitude="17.566668" location="Bang National Park" longLatPrecision="1278" longitude="106.3" municipality="Phong" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quang Binh">
<collectingCountry id="F3147676FFC31E0902280227FD29F8CE" box="[577,704,1801,1824]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC31E0902A60227FCB3F8CE" box="[719,858,1801,1824]" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Binh" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Quang Binh</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC31E0903010227FC45F8CE" box="[872,940,1801,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Phong</collectingMunicipality>
Nha-Ke
<location id="8EDC603DFFC31E0904710227FB11F8CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC31E0904710227FB11F8CE" box="[1048,1272,1801,1824]" country="Vietnam" latitude="17.566668" longLatPrecision="1278" longitude="106.3" municipality="Phong" name="Bang National Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" stateProvince="Quang Binh">Bang National Park</location>
, road near park entrance,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E0900860203FEA7F8AA" box="[239,334,1837,1860]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="17.566668">17°34’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E0901310203FE28F8AA" box="[344,449,1837,1860]" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="106.3">106°18’E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC31E0901990203FDCEF8AA" box="[496,551,1837,1860]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC31E0901990203FDCEF8AA" box="[496,551,1837,1860]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC31E09025B0203FD53F8AA" box="[562,698,1837,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2007-04-05">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC31E09025B0203FD53F8AA" box="[562,698,1837,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2007-04-05">5 April 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0902AD0203FC46F8AA" box="[708,943,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC31E0902AD0203FCD0F8AA" box="[708,825,1837,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3220
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E0903D40203FC0EF8AA" box="[957,999,1837,1860]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09039B0203FBF4F8AA" box="[1010,1053,1837,1860]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC31E0904460203FB2FF886" collectingDate="2007-04-07" collectionCode="AAU, HN, NY" collectorName="Henderson" country="Vietnam" county="Phong" elevation="100" latitude="17.5" location="Lao" longLatPrecision="1278" longitude="106.25" municipality="Bang National Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E6AFFC31E0904460203FB9AF8AA" box="[1071,1139,1837,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Phong</collectingCounty>
Nha-Ke
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC31E0904BA0203FA41F8AA" box="[1235,1448,1837,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Bang National Park</collectingMunicipality>
, road # 20, to
<location id="8EDC603DFFC31E090178027FFED4F886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC31E090178027FFED4F886" box="[273,317,1873,1896]" country="Vietnam" county="Phong" latitude="17.5" longLatPrecision="1278" longitude="106.25" municipality="Bang National Park" name="Lao" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Lao</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E09012F027FFE4CF886" box="[326,421,1873,1896]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="17.5">17°30’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E0901C7027FFDFEF886" box="[430,535,1873,1896]" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="106.25">106°15’E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC31E09022C027FFD60F886" box="[581,649,1873,1896]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC31E09022C027FFD60F886" box="[581,649,1873,1896]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC31E0902FA027FFCF3F886" box="[659,794,1873,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2007-04-07">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC31E0902FA027FFCF3F886" box="[659,794,1873,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2007-04-07">7 April 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09034A027FFBE5F886" box="[803,1036,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC31E09034A027FFC71F886" box="[803,920,1873,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3241
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E090470027FFBBEF886" box="[1049,1111,1873,1896]" country="Ethiopia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5dxx-xet2" name="Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">AAU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E090408027FFB63F886" box="[1121,1162,1873,1896]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E0904FA027FFB57F886" box="[1171,1214,1873,1896]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC31E0904B9027FFE7EF83A" collectingDate="2007-03-23" collectingDateMax="2007-04-12" collectingDateMin="2007-03-23" collectionCode="V, HN, NY, AAU, K" collectorName="Nguyen &amp; Henderson" country="Vietnam" county="Phong" elevation="100" latitude="16.233334" location="Son Trach" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="107.86667" municipality="Bang National Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Thua Thien-Hue">
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E6AFFC31E0904B9027FFAFDF886" box="[1232,1300,1873,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Phong</collectingCounty>
Nha-Ke
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC31E09051A027FFEC9F862" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Bang National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDC603DFFC31E090142025BFE70F862" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC31E090142025BFE70F862" box="[299,409,1909,1932]" country="Vietnam" county="Phong" latitude="16.233334" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="107.86667" municipality="Bang National Park" name="Son Trach" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" stateProvince="Thua Thien-Hue">Son Trach</location>
commune,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E090271025BFD9FF862" box="[536,630,1909,1932]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="17.516666">17°31’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E0902EA025BFD02F862" box="[643,747,1909,1932]" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="106.26667">106°16’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC31E09029E025BFC76F862" box="[759,927,1909,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2007-03-23">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC31E09029E025BFC76F862" box="[759,927,1909,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2007-03-23">23 March 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0903C2025BFB1BF862" box="[939,1266,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC31E0903C2025BFC16F862" box="[939,1023,1909,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Nguyen</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E090462025BFBF5F862" box="[1035,1052,1909,1932]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. D. et al. HNK1887
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E090568025BFAC2F862" box="[1281,1323,1909,1932]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09055E025BFA8BF862" box="[1335,1378,1909,1932]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC31E09051C025BFEE9F85E" country="Vietnam" name="Thua Thien-Hue" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Thua Thien-Hue</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EDC603DFFC31E09016002B7FDEDF85E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC31E09016002B7FDEDF85E" box="[265,516,1945,1968]" country="Vietnam" county="Phong" latitude="16.233334" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="107.86667" municipality="Bang National Park" name="Bach Ma National Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" stateProvince="Thua Thien-Hue">Bach Ma National Park</location>
, road near park entrance,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E09037802B7FC86F85E" box="[785,879,1945,1968]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="16.233334">16°14’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E09031002B7FC0BF85E" box="[889,994,1945,1968]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="107.86667">107°52’E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC31E09047902B7FBBDF85E" box="[1040,1108,1945,1968]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC31E09047902B7FBBDF85E" box="[1040,1108,1945,1968]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC31E09043702B7FB1AF85E" box="[1118,1267,1945,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2007-04-12">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC31E09043702B7FB1AF85E" box="[1118,1267,1945,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2007-04-12">12 April 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09049502B7FF54F83A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC31E09049502B7FA98F85E" box="[1276,1393,1945,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3256
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E0900A30293FEE1F83A" box="[202,264,1981,2004]" country="Ethiopia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5dxx-xet2" name="Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">AAU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09017B0293FED2F83A" box="[274,315,1981,2004]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09012C0293FEB2F83A" box="[325,347,1981,2004]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09010D0293FE66F83A" box="[356,399,1981,2004]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC31E0901C90293FE28F816" collectingDate="2016-05-16" collectionCode="B, H, HN, NY" collectorName="Quang" country="Vietnam" latitude="16.233334" location="Bach Ma National Park" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="107.86667" municipality="Phu Loc district" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loc Tri">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC31E0901C90293FDA5F83A" box="[416,588,1981,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Phu Loc district</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC31E09023C0293FD4CF83A" box="[597,677,1981,2004]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Loc Tri</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EDC603DFFC31E0902C60293FC43F83A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC31E0902C60293FC43F83A" box="[687,938,1981,2004]" country="Vietnam" latitude="16.233334" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="107.86667" municipality="Phu Loc district" name="Bach Ma National Park" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" stateProvince="Loc Tri">Bach Ma National Park</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E0903DA0293FBFBF83A" box="[947,1042,1981,2004]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="16.233334">16°14’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E0904750293FB6CF83A" box="[1052,1157,1981,2004]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="925" value="107.86667">107°52’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC31E0904E70293FAF4F83A" box="[1166,1309,1981,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2016-05-16">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC31E0904E70293FAF4F83A" box="[1166,1309,1981,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2016-05-16">16 May 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E09054E0293FEA0F816" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09054E0293FAD3F83A" box="[1319,1338,1981,2004]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09052A0293FAB3F83A" box="[1347,1370,1981,2004]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC31E09050A0293FA45F83A" box="[1379,1452,1981,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Quang</collectorName>
et al. HN-NY1227
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09013102CFFE6BF816" box="[344,386,2017,2040]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E0901E702CFFE50F816" box="[398,441,2017,2040]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC31E0901A502CFFD96F7F2" collectingDate="2009-03-05" collectionCode="AAU, HN, NY" collectorName="Henderson" country="Vietnam" elevation="300" latitude="16.577" location="Phong Dien Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.232" municipality="Phong Dien District" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC31E0901A502CFFD4FF816" box="[460,678,2017,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Phong Dien District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDC603DFFC31E0902D802CFFC09F816" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC31E0902D802CFFC09F816" box="[689,992,2017,2040]" country="Vietnam" latitude="16.577" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.232" municipality="Phong Dien District" name="Phong Dien Nature Reserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Phong Dien Nature Reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E09038202CFFBBBF816" box="[1003,1106,2017,2040]" degrees="16.577" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="55" value="16.577">16.577 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC31E09043402CFFB27F816" box="[1117,1230,2017,2040]" degrees="107.232" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" precision="55" value="107.232">107.232 E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC31E09049602CFFAACF816" box="[1279,1349,2017,2040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC31E09049602CFFAACF816" box="[1279,1349,2017,2040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC31E09053802CFFF29F7F2" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2009-03-05">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC31E09053802CFFF29F7F2" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2009-03-05">5 March 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0900A50D2BFE54F7F2" box="[204,445,2053,2076]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC31E0900A50D2BFEA8F7F2" box="[204,321,2053,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3527
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E0901A40D2BFDE2F7F2" box="[461,523,2053,2076]" country="Ethiopia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5dxx-xet2" name="Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">AAU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E09027E0D2BFDA9F7F2" box="[535,576,2053,2076]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E0902250D2BFD9EF7F2" box="[588,631,2053,2076]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC31E0902E20D2BFB1FF7F2" box="[651,1270,2053,2076]" collectingDate="2009-03-05" collectionCode="HN, NY" collectorName="Henderson" country="Vietnam" elevation="300" latitude="16.577" location="Phong Dien Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.232" municipality="Phong Dien District" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" specimenCount="1">
same locality and date,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC31E0903E50D2BFB94F7F2" box="[908,1149,2053,2076]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC31E0903E50D2BFBE8F7F2" box="[908,1025,2053,2076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="203">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3528
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E0904E40D2BFB5EF7F2" box="[1165,1207,2053,2076]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC31E0904AA0D2BFB07F7F2" box="[1219,1262,2053,2076]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC31E0A056B0D2BFD24FF59" collectingDate="2012-02-08" collectionCode="HN, NY" collectorName="Bui Van Thanh" country="Vietnam" elevation="300" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="204" latitude="16.577" location="Phong Dien Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.232" municipality="Phong Dien District" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" specimenCode="PD05" specimenCount="1">
same locality,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC31E0A05F70D2BFEC1FF59" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2012-02-08">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC31E0A05F70D2BFEC1FF59" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="1" pageNumber="203" value="2012-02-08">8 February 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A015A058EFDBFFF59" box="[307,598,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A015A058EFE3AFF59" box="[307,467,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Bui Van Thanh</collectorName>
et al.
<specimenCode id="DBA59E9DFFC01E0A0271058EFDBFFF59" box="[536,598,160,183]" collectionCode="PD" country="Netherlands" name="Dutch Plant Protection Service, Culture Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">PD05</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A020C058EFD66FF59" box="[613,655,160,183]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A02F2058EFD2FFF59" box="[667,710,160,183]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A02B0058EFA79FF59" box="[729,1424,160,183]" collectingDate="2012-02-09" collectionCode="HN, NY" collectorName="Bui Van Thanh" country="Vietnam" elevation="300" latitude="16.577" location="Phong Dien Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.232" municipality="Phong Dien District" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCode="PD07" specimenCount="1">
same locality,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A031A058EFBCEFF59" box="[883,1063,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2012-02-09">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A031A058EFBCEFF59" box="[883,1063,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2012-02-09">9 February 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A045A058EFAF1FF59" box="[1075,1304,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A045A058EFB3BFF59" box="[1075,1234,160,183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Bui Van Thanh</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="DBA59E9DFFC01E0A04B3058EFAF1FF59" box="[1242,1304,160,183]" collectionCode="PD" country="Netherlands" name="Dutch Plant Protection Service, Culture Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">PD07</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A054E058EFAB8FF59" box="[1319,1361,160,183]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A0534058EFA61FF59" box="[1373,1416,160,183]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A05F3058EFAB3FF35" collectingDate="2009-03-07" collectionCode="A, HN, NY" collectorName="Henderson" country="Vietnam" elevation="579" latitude="16.072" location="Sao La Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.498" municipality="Luoi District" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A05F3058EFA45FF59" box="[1434,1452,160,183]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC01E0A00E105EAFEFDFF35" box="[136,276,196,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Luoi District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A017405EAFDFCFF35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A017405EAFDFCFF35" box="[285,533,196,219]" country="Vietnam" latitude="16.072" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.498" municipality="Luoi District" name="Sao La Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Sao La Nature Reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A027605EAFD6CFF35" box="[543,645,196,219]" degrees="16.072" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="55" value="16.072">16.072 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A02E605EAFD17FF35" box="[655,766,196,219]" degrees="107.498" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="55" value="107.498">107.498 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A036005EAFCA7FF35" box="[777,846,196,219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.79" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="579.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A036005EAFCA7FF35" box="[777,846,196,219]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.79" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="579.0">579 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A033105EAFC06FF35" box="[856,1007,196,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2009-03-07">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A033105EAFC06FF35" box="[856,1007,196,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2009-03-07">7 March 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A039305EAFB0CFF35" box="[1018,1253,196,219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A039305EAFB86FF35" box="[1018,1135,196,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3542
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A049A05EAFAF4FF35" box="[1267,1309,196,219]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A054E05EAFABBFF35" box="[1319,1362,196,219]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A050D05EAFE7EFEA9" collectingDate="2007-04-18" collectingDateMax="2012-03-17" collectingDateMin="2007-04-18" collectionCode="HN, NY, AAU, K" collectorName="Bui Van Thanh &amp; Henderson" country="Vietnam" county="Bac Huong Hua Nature Reserve" elevation="300" latitude="16.0" location="Hoa Vang District" longLatPrecision="1283" longitude="108.03333" municipality="City" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quang Tri">
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC01E0A050D05EAFF45FF11" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Tri" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Quang Tri</collectingRegion>
: Huong Hoa District,
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E6AFFC01E0A01FB05C6FD00FF11" box="[402,745,232,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Bac Huong Hua Nature Reserve</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A029A05C6FC7EFF11" box="[755,919,232,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2012-03-17">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A029A05C6FC7EFF11" box="[755,919,232,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2012-03-17">17 March 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A03C805C6FB26FF11" box="[929,1231,232,255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A03C805C6FBD4FF11" box="[929,1085,232,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Bui Van Thanh</collectorName>
et al. BHH05
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A04B405C6FAEEFF11" box="[1245,1287,232,255]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A057805C6FAD5FF11" box="[1297,1340,232,255]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC01E0A052405C6FA45FF11" box="[1357,1452,232,255]" country="Vietnam" name="Da Nang" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Da Nang</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC01E0A00E10422FF5EFECD" box="[136,183,268,291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">City</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A00AB0422FE6FFECD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A00AB0422FE6FFECD" box="[194,390,268,291]" country="Vietnam" county="Bac Huong Hua Nature Reserve" latitude="16.0" longLatPrecision="1283" longitude="108.03333" municipality="City" name="Hoa Vang District" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Quang Tri">Hoa Vang District</location>
,
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A01F80422FD1CFECD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A01F80422FD1CFECD" box="[401,757,268,291]" country="Vietnam" county="Bac Huong Hua Nature Reserve" latitude="16.0" longLatPrecision="1283" longitude="108.03333" municipality="City" name="Ba Na-Nui Chua Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Quang Tri">Ba Na-Nui Chua Nature Reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A03690422FCB7FECD" box="[768,862,268,291]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="16.0">16°00’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A03030422FC3AFECD" box="[874,979,268,291]" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="108.03333">108°02’E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A046D0422FBA3FECD" box="[1028,1098,268,291]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A046D0422FBA3FECD" box="[1028,1098,268,291]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A043F0422FB07FECD" box="[1110,1262,268,291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2007-04-18">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A043F0422FB07FECD" box="[1110,1262,268,291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2007-04-18">18 April 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A04900422FF54FEA9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A04900422FA87FECD" box="[1273,1390,268,291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3294
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A00A2041EFEE0FEA9" box="[203,265,304,327]" country="Ethiopia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5dxx-xet2" name="Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">AAU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A017B041EFED2FEA9" box="[274,315,304,327]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A012C041EFEB2FEA9" box="[325,347,304,327]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A010C041EFE79FEA9" box="[357,400,304,327]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A01C8041EFB30FE61" collectingDate="2007-07-17" collectingDateMax="2015-10-18" collectingDateMin="2007-07-17" collectionCode="NY, VFM, AAU, HN" collectorName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung &amp; Ninh Khac Ban" country="Vietnam" county="Son Tra Nature Reserve" elevation="93" latitude="18.333334" location="Vu Quang National Park" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="105.433334" municipality="Vu Quang District" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ha Tinh">
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E6AFFC01E0A01C8041EFD48FEA9" box="[417,673,304,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Son Tra Nature Reserve</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A02C3041EFCE1FEA9" box="[682,776,304,327]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="16.1">16°06’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A037A041EFC92FEA9" box="[787,891,304,327]" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="108.3">108°18’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A03EF041EFC54FEA9" box="[902,957,304,327]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="93.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A03EF041EFC54FEA9" box="[902,957,304,327]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="93.0">93 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A03AE041EFB92FEA9" box="[967,1147,304,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2015-10-18">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A03AE041EFB92FEA9" box="[967,1147,304,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2015-10-18">18 October 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A04EC041EFF17FE85" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A04EC041EFB13FEA9" box="[1157,1274,304,327]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A0573041EFF2AFE85" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Nguyen Quoc Dung</collectorName>
4037
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A0162047AFEDBFE85" box="[267,306,340,363]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A0155047AFE92FE85" box="[316,379,340,363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">VFM</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC01E0A01E2047AFE0CFE85" box="[395,485,340,363]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Tinh" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Ha Tinh</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC01E0A0184047AFD5BFE85" box="[493,690,340,363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Vu Quang District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A02D2047AFC2BFE85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A02D2047AFC2BFE85" box="[699,962,340,363]" country="Vietnam" county="Son Tra Nature Reserve" latitude="18.333334" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="105.433334" municipality="Vu Quang District" name="Vu Quang National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Ha Tinh">Vu Quang National Park</location>
, road from Park Headquarters to Border Army Post,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A00AA0456FECBFE61" box="[195,290,376,399]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="18.333334">18°20’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A01450456FE7CFE61" box="[300,405,376,399]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="105.433334">105°26’E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A01AA0456FDE0FE61" box="[451,521,376,399]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A01AA0456FDE0FE61" box="[451,521,376,399]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A027A0456FD77FE61" box="[531,670,376,399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2007-07-17">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A027A0456FD77FE61" box="[531,670,376,399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2007-07-17">17 July 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A02C10456FBF4FE61" box="[680,1053,376,399]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A02C10456FCF4FE61" box="[680,797,376,399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A03570456FC0BFE61" box="[830,994,376,399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Ninh Khac Ban</collectorName>
3429
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A04420456FB80FE61" box="[1067,1129,376,399]" country="Ethiopia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5dxx-xet2" name="Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">AAU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A041A0456FB75FE61" box="[1139,1180,376,399]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A04CF0456FB38FE61" box="[1190,1233,376,399]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A048B0456FC22FE39" collectingDate="2007-07-18" collectionCode="AAU, HN, NY" collectorName="Henderson &amp; Ninh Khac Ban" country="Vietnam" county="Vu Quang District" elevation="100" latitude="18.316668" location="Park Headquarters" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="105.36667" municipality="Vu Quang National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E6AFFC01E0A048B0456FA41FE61" box="[1250,1448,376,399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Vu Quang District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC01E0A00E104B2FE79FE5D" box="[136,400,412,435]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Vu Quang National Park</collectingMunicipality>
, road from
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A026104B2FD24FE5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A026104B2FD24FE5D" box="[520,717,412,435]" country="Vietnam" county="Vu Quang District" latitude="18.316668" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="105.36667" municipality="Vu Quang National Park" name="Park Headquarters" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Park Headquarters</location>
to
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A028404B2FC58FE5D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A028404B2FC58FE5D" box="[749,945,412,435]" country="Vietnam" county="Vu Quang District" latitude="18.316668" longLatPrecision="1275" longitude="105.36667" municipality="Vu Quang National Park" name="Border Army Post" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Border Army Post</location>
, disturbed forest near road,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A04BF04B2FADAFE5D" box="[1238,1331,412,435]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="18.316668">18°19’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A055704B2FA4EFE5D" box="[1342,1447,412,435]" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="105.36667">105°22’E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A00C404EEFF1AFE39" box="[173,243,448,471]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A00C404EEFF1AFE39" box="[173,243,448,471]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A009704EEFE62FE39" box="[254,395,448,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2007-07-18">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A009704EEFE62FE39" box="[254,395,448,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2007-07-18">18 July 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A01FC04EEFCE4FE39" box="[405,781,448,471]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A01FC04EEFDE3FE39" box="[405,522,448,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A024404EEFD38FE39" box="[557,721,448,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Ninh Khac Ban</collectorName>
3435
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A037204EEFCB0FE39" box="[795,857,448,471]" country="Ethiopia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5dxx-xet2" name="Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">AAU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A030D04EEFC64FE39" box="[868,909,448,471]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03F104EEFC2AFE39" box="[920,963,448,471]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A03BF04EEFF10FDAD" collectingDate="2009-02-26" collectingDateMax="2009-02-28" collectingDateMin="2009-02-26" collectionCode="HN, NY" collectorName="Henderson" country="Vietnam" county="Can Xuyen District" elevation="100" latitude="16.651" location="Da Krong District" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.037" municipality="Ke Go Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quang Tri">
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E6AFFC01E0A03BF04EEFB41FE39" box="[982,1192,448,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Can Xuyen District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC01E0A04DA04EEFA41FE39" box="[1203,1448,448,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Ke Go Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A00E104CAFF19FE15" box="[136,240,484,507]" degrees="18.134" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="55" value="18.134">18.134 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A009504CAFE87FE15" box="[252,366,484,507]" degrees="105.933" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="55" value="105.933">105.933 E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A01C804CAFE01FE15" box="[417,488,484,507]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A01C804CAFE01FE15" box="[417,488,484,507]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A019C04CAFD51FE15" box="[501,696,484,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2009-02-26">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A019C04CAFD51FE15" box="[501,696,484,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2009-02-26">26 February 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A02AD04CAFC5FFE15" box="[708,950,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A02AD04CAFCD0FE15" box="[708,825,484,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3488
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03AF04CAFC19FE15" box="[966,1008,484,507]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A039404CAFBC1FE15" box="[1021,1064,484,507]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC01E0A045204CAFB47FE15" box="[1083,1198,484,507]" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Tri" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Quang Tri</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A04D304CAFA69FE15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A04D304CAFA69FE15" box="[1210,1408,484,507]" country="Vietnam" county="Can Xuyen District" latitude="16.651" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.037" municipality="Ke Go Nature Reserve" name="Da Krong District" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Quang Tri">Da Krong District</location>
,
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A05E504CAFE93FDF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A05E504CAFE93FDF1" country="Vietnam" county="Can Xuyen District" latitude="16.651" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.037" municipality="Ke Go Nature Reserve" name="Da Krong Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Quang Tri">Da Krong Nature Reserve</location>
, near
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A01D10726FD64FDF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A01D10726FD64FDF1" box="[440,653,520,543]" country="Vietnam" county="Can Xuyen District" latitude="16.651" longLatPrecision="76" longitude="107.037" municipality="Ke Go Nature Reserve" name="Ba Long Commune" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Quang Tri">Ba Long Commune</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A02FE0726FD14FDF1" box="[663,765,520,543]" degrees="16.651" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="55" value="16.651">16.651 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A036E0726FC9EFDF1" box="[775,887,520,543]" degrees="107.037" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="55" value="107.037">107.037 E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A03CF0726FC02FDF1" box="[934,1003,520,543]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A03CF0726FC02FDF1" box="[934,1003,520,543]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A039F0726FB5CFDF1" box="[1014,1205,520,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2009-02-28">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A039F0726FB5CFDF1" box="[1014,1205,520,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2009-02-28">28 February 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A04D60726FA42FDF1" box="[1215,1451,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A04D60726FADDFDF1" box="[1215,1332,520,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3495
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A00F90702FF53FDAD" box="[144,186,556,579]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A00AF0702FF18FDAD" box="[198,241,556,579]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A016C0702FBECFD89" collectingDate="2009-10-14" collectingDateMax="2012-03-12" collectingDateMin="2009-10-14" collectionCode="HN, NY, AAU" collectorName="Bui Van Thanh &amp; Henderson" country="Vietnam" county="Can Xuyen District" elevation="80" latitude="14.8" location="Cao Muon" longLatPrecision="772" longitude="108.68" municipality="Ba To District" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quang Ngai">
same locality,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A01C80702FDA0FDAD" box="[417,585,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2012-03-12">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A01C80702FDA0FDAD" box="[417,585,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2012-03-12">12 March 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A023C0702FCD7FDAD" box="[597,830,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A023C0702FD1FFDAD" box="[597,758,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Bui Van Thanh</collectorName>
DK03
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03270702FC91FDAD" box="[846,888,556,579]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03ED0702FC46FDAD" box="[900,943,556,579]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC01E0A03AB0702FBA0FDAD" box="[962,1097,556,579]" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Ngai" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Quang Ngai</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC01E0A043D0702FB19FDAD" box="[1108,1264,556,579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Ba To District</collectingMunicipality>
, near
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A055B0702FA4EFDAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A055B0702FA4EFDAD" box="[1330,1447,556,579]" country="Vietnam" latitude="14.8" longLatPrecision="772" longitude="108.68" municipality="Ba To District" name="Cao Muon" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Quang Ngai">Cao Muon</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A00E1077EFF33FD89" box="[136,218,592,615]" degrees="14.80" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="555" value="14.8">14.80N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A008F077EFEABFD89" box="[230,322,592,615]" degrees="108.68" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="555" value="108.68">108.68E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A0124077EFE6EFD89" box="[333,391,592,615]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="80.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A0124077EFE6EFD89" box="[333,391,592,615]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A01FA077EFDA3FD89" box="[403,586,592,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2009-10-14">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A01FA077EFDA3FD89" box="[403,586,592,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2009-10-14">14 October 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A023F077EFCACFD89" box="[598,837,592,615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A023F077EFD22FD89" box="[598,715,592,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3604
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A033D077EFC7BFD89" box="[852,914,592,615]" country="Ethiopia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5dxx-xet2" name="Addis Ababa University, Department of Biology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">AAU</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03F7077EFC2EFD89" box="[926,967,592,615]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03BA077EFC17FD89" box="[979,1022,592,615]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A0478077EFAF6FD41" collectingDate="2012-07-18" collectingDateMax="2014-07-06" collectingDateMin="2012-07-18" collectionCode="NY, VFM" collectorName="Henderson &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung" country="Vietnam" county="Ba To District" elevation="600" latitude="2.11" location="Ba Cung" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="108.98" municipality="Ba To" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khanh Hoa">
<collectingCounty id="62DD4E6AFFC01E0A0478077EFB45FD89" box="[1041,1196,592,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Ba To District</collectingCounty>
, road from
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD8AC9CFFC01E0A0540077EFA83FD89" box="[1321,1386,592,615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Ba To</collectingMunicipality>
to
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A05E7077EFF2DFD65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A05E7077EFF2DFD65" country="Vietnam" county="Ba To District" latitude="2.11" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="108.98" municipality="Ba To" name="Ba Cung" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Khanh Hoa">Ba Cung</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A00A7075AFEC5FD65" box="[206,300,628,651]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="14.733334">14°44’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A015F075AFE76FD65" box="[310,415,628,651]" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="925" value="108.8">108°48’E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A01A4075AFDF8FD65" box="[461,529,628,651]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="600.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A01A4075AFDF8FD65" box="[461,529,628,651]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A0272075AFD4CFD65" box="[539,677,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2012-07-18">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A0272075AFD4CFD65" box="[539,677,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2012-07-18">18 July 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A02C6075AFC71FD65" box="[687,920,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A02C6075AFCCDFD65" box="[687,804,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
et al. 3806
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03CC075AFC25FD65" box="[933,972,628,651]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03BC075AFBFDFD65" box="[981,1044,628,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">VFM</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC01E0A044D075AFB4BFD65" box="[1060,1186,628,651]" country="Vietnam" name="Khanh Hoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Khanh Hoa</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A04C3075AFA41FD65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A04C3075AFA41FD65" box="[1194,1448,628,651]" country="Vietnam" county="Ba To District" latitude="2.11" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="108.98" municipality="Ba To" name="Hon Ba Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Khanh Hoa">Hon Ba Nature Reserve</location>
, road to summit,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A015107B6FE92FD41" box="[312,379,664,687]" degrees="2.11" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="555" value="2.11">2.11N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE375021FFC01E0A01EE07B6FE0AFD41" box="[391,483,664,687]" degrees="108.98" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" precision="555" value="108.98">108.98E</geoCoordinate>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A027A07B6FDB0FD41" box="[531,601,664,687]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A027A07B6FDB0FD41" box="[531,601,664,687]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A020C07B6FD0CFD41" box="[613,741,664,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2014-07-06">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A020C07B6FD0CFD41" box="[613,741,664,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2014-07-06">6 July 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A029907B6FB71FD41" box="[752,1176,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A029907B6FC8CFD41" box="[752,869,664,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A03E107B6FBB5FD41" box="[904,1116,664,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Nguyen Quoc Dung</collectorName>
3907
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A04CE07B6FB27FD41" box="[1191,1230,664,687]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A04B007B6FAFEFD41" box="[1241,1303,664,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">VFM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A054307B6FA83FD19" collectingDate="2007-05-21" collectingDateMax="2017-04-19" collectingDateMin="2007-05-21" collectionCode="HN, NY, N, E, VFM" collectorName="Khanh Vinh District &amp; Nguyen Quoc Dung &amp; Henderson" country="Vietnam" elevation="150" location="Cu Lao Cham Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quang Nam">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A054307B6FF32FD3D" hasSafeAffix="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Khanh Vinh District</collectorName>
, Khanh Trung Commune, Suoi Ca village,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A02D10792FCA4FD3D" box="[696,845,700,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2007-05-21">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A02D10792FCA4FD3D" box="[696,845,700,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2007-05-21">21 May 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A03330792FB98FD3D" box="[858,1137,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A03330792FBDBFD3D" box="[858,1074,700,723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Nguyen Quoc Dung</collectorName>
2010
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A04EB0792FB45FD3D" box="[1154,1196,700,723]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A04D00792FB0DFD3D" box="[1209,1252,700,723]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49C7F804FFC01E0A04910792FA69FD3D" box="[1272,1408,700,723]" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Nam" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Quang Nam</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A05E50792FEABFD19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A05E50792FEABFD19" country="Vietnam" name="Cu Lao Cham Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Quang Nam">Cu Lao Cham Island</location>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A011B07CEFE5EFD19" box="[370,439,736,759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="150.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A011B07CEFE5EFD19" box="[370,439,736,759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 15˚57’
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A026107CEFDF6FD19" box="[520,543,736,759]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
, 108˚29’
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A021607CEFD7BFD19" box="[639,658,736,759]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
.
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A02F507CEFCDAFD19" box="[668,819,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2017-04-19">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A02F507CEFCDAFD19" box="[668,819,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2017-04-19">19 April 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A035707CEFB0DFD19" box="[830,1252,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A035707CEFC5AFD19" box="[830,947,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Henderson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A03BC07CEFB41FD19" box="[981,1192,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Nguyen Quoc Dung</collectorName>
4210
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A049B07CEFAF0FD19" box="[1266,1305,736,759]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A054D07CEFA8BFD19" box="[1316,1378,736,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">VFM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3CBBFFC01E0A051D07CEFC31FCF5" collectingDate="2011-03-30" collectionCode="HN, NY" collectorName="Bui Van Thanh" country="Vietnam" elevation="413" location="Song Thanh Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" specimenCode="ST08" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EDC603DFFC01E0A051D07CEFE92FCF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87F0FFC21E0A00E10104FC32FCF5:8EDC603DFFC01E0A051D07CEFE92FCF5" country="Vietnam" name="Song Thanh Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Song Thanh Nature Reserve</location>
,
<quantity id="4CFB9B03FFC01E0A01EC062AFE22FCF5" box="[389,459,772,795]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.13" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="413.0">
<elevation id="002ED1D5FFC01E0A01EC062AFE22FCF5" box="[389,459,772,795]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.13" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" unit="m" value="413.0">413 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBD1026FFC01E0A01BF062AFD92FCF5" box="[470,635,772,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2011-03-30">
<collectingDate id="EFF9E9CEFFC01E0A01BF062AFD92FCF5" box="[470,635,772,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" value="2011-03-30">30 March 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B977EAF4FFC01E0A02EC062AFC88FCF5" box="[645,865,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">
<collectorName id="26F65330FFC01E0A02EC062AFCCDFCF5" box="[645,804,772,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="204">Bui Van Thanh</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="DBA59E9DFFC01E0A0342062AFC88FCF5" box="[811,865,772,795]" collectionCode="ST" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14159" name="Suzhou Teachers College" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">ST08</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A0319062AFC73FCF5" box="[880,922,772,795]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED12AE23FFC01E0A03CC062AFC39FCF5" box="[933,976,772,795]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="2" pageNumber="204" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

2020
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1821
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@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80B66512C9BF90B97656AB9" ID-CoL="4H33F" authority="C.W. Lin &amp; C.H. Lee" authorityName="C. W. Lin &amp; C. H. Lee. A. Habit" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,620,1677,1704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512C9BF90B947B6AB9" bold="true" box="[136,370,1677,1704]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">Phyllagathis stellata</emphasis>
C.W. Lin &amp; C.H. Lee
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,
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512E64F90997C56AB9" box="[631,716,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057EFC80B66512E64F90997C56AB9" box="[631,716,1679,1704]" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132C2A03C80B66512EC8F90996146AB9" box="[731,797,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1926,1947]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,243,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-14@1.[151,1436,214,1855]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phyllagathis stellata C.W. Lin &amp; C.H. Lee. A. Habit; B. Portion of leaf abaxial surface; C, C’. Flower, front and side views; D, D'. Petal, inside and side views; E, E', E''. Stamens, side, dorsal and ventral views; F. Hypanthium; G. Longitudinal section of ovary; H. Portion of crown lobe, showing margins denticulate with gland-trichomes; I. Capsules, side view. J. Infructescences.All from C.W. Lin 643 (TAIF)." pageId="0" pageNumber="295">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C2A03C80B66512F38F90996336AB9" box="[811,826,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1936,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-16@2.[151,1436,187,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phyllagathis stellata C.W. Lin &amp; C.H. Lee. A. Habit and habitats; B. Young plant; C. Portion of leaf adaxial surface; D. Portion of leaf abaxial surface; E. Immature inflorescence; F. Inflorescence; G. Flower, front view; H. Hypanthium; I. Anthers, dorsal, side and ventral views; J. Appendage of sepals; K. Vertical section of an ovary; L. Capsules, apical view; M. Old-age capsules.All from C.W. Lin 643 (TAIF)." pageId="0" pageNumber="295">2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D650DC80B66552C9BF933906F6CCC" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80B66512C9BF93396C56AFF" blockId="0.[136,1452,1717,1774]" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="F3007616C80B66512CC6F933945F6ADB" box="[213,342,1717,1738]" name="Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
. Borneo,
<collectingRegion id="49D3F864C80B66512DA2F933970F6ADB" box="[433,518,1717,1738]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">Sarawak</collectingRegion>
, Sri Aman Division, Batang Ai,
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512F2FF933965A6ADB" box="[828,851,1717,1738]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80B66512F4CF93396956ADB" box="[863,924,1717,1738]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
elev. Type specimens pressed from plants cultivated in a nursery in Taiwan,
<date id="FFA91046C80B66512D94F95F94FC6AFF" box="[391,501,1753,1774]" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" value="2017-09-05">5 Sep 2017</date>
,
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512DECF95F97756AFF" box="[511,636,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">
<collectionCode id="ED06AE43C80B66512DECF95F97196AFF" box="[511,528,1753,1774]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED06AE43C80B66512E00F95F97236AFF" box="[531,554,1753,1774]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
. Lin 643
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54AC8824C80B66512E9AF95F97D66AFF" box="[649,735,1753,1774]" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED06AE43C80B66512EF7F95F96166AFF" box="[740,799,1753,1774]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15478" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15478" name="Taiwan Forestry Research Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" type="Herbarium">TAIF</collectionCode>
!,
<typeStatus id="54AC8824C80B66512F38F95F96796AFF" box="[811,880,1753,1774]" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED06AE43C80B66512F64F95F96B76AFF" box="[887,958,1753,1774]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15074" name="Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" type="Herbarium">HAST</collectionCode>
!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80B66512C9BF89991676BB5" blockId="0.[136,1452,1823,2064]" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80B66512D17F89994E16B29" authorityName="C. W. Lin &amp; C. H. Lee. A. Habit" authorityYear="2018" box="[260,488,1823,1848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512D17F89994E16B29" box="[260,488,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">Phyllagathis stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80B66512E72F89991EA6B29" authority="(M. P. Nayar, 1965: 502) Cellinese (2003: 85)" authorityName="Cellinese" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="M. P. Nayar" baseAuthorityPageNumber="502" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[609,1251,1823,1848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacobsiana">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512E72F89997FC6B29" box="[609,757,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">P. jacobsiana</emphasis>
(M.P.
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80B66512F29F89996F06B29" author="Nayar, M. P." box="[826,1017,1823,1848]" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" pagination="501 - 506" refId="ref2440" refString="Nayar, M. P. (1965) Contributions to the knowledge of Indo-Malaysian and other Asiatic Melastomataceae. Kew Bulletin 19: 501 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4108209" type="journal article" year="1965">Nayar, 1965: 502</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80B66512817F89991EA6B29" author="Cellinese, N." box="[1028,1251,1823,1848]" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" pagination="69 - 97" refId="ref1926" refString="Cellinese, N. (2003) Revision of the genus Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae) II. The species in Borneo and Natuna Island. Blumea 48 (1): 69 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651903 X 686060" type="journal article" year="2003">Cellinese (2003: 85)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in its hairy leaves, pentamerous flowers and fleshy finger appendiculate sepals. The new species is different in its lamina with 11 or 13 basal veins (
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512D00F8E194386B91" box="[275,305,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">vs.</emphasis>
7 or 9-veins), inflorescence shorter (
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512EDFF8E197E26B91" box="[716,747,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">vs.</emphasis>
longer) than petiole, hypanthium ribbed and densely verrucose (
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512C82F80D95B96BB5" box="[145,176,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">vs.</emphasis>
smooth), stamens with a dorsal tuberculate appendage (
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80B66512F36F80D964A6BB5" box="[805,835,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">vs.</emphasis>
dorsally inappendiculate).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80B66522CAEF82991B66F98" blockId="0.[136,1452,1823,2064]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,160,905]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="0" pageNumber="295">
Caulescent herbs, ascending or creeping, terrestrial. Stems unbranched, rooting at nodes and creeping up soil slope, ascending or suberect upper part; olive green to reddish brown, to
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80B66512FB6F85596E16BFD" box="[933,1000,2003,2028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
or longer,
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80B6651284EF85591D06BFD" box="[1117,1241,2003,2028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" unit="cm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.9 cm</quantity>
in diameter, terete, stout, slightly woody at base, covered with densely gland-tipped trichomes; internodes
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80B66512871F87191E96401" box="[1122,1248,2039,2064]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="295" unit="cm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.8 cm</quantity>
long. Leaf blades 2–5, decussate, 10–18 ×
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522DB5FF2697046CA8" box="[422,525,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="9.0">9–18 cm</quantity>
,, isophyllous, very widely to depressed ovate, base cordate, margins denticulate and sparsely incised, with rows of long gland-tipped trichomes up to
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522F9AFF4296C06CCC" box="[905,969,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, apex shortly acuminate; chartaceous; venation acrodromous, 11 or 13 veined, basal; veins slightly depressed on the adaxial surface and prominent on the abaxial surface, secondary and tertiary veins numerous and conspicuous, reticulate; adaxially emerald green, slightly bullate and long gland-tipped trichomes between veins; abaxially pale green, sparsely gland-tipped trichomes on all veins. Petioles
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522D23FED294966D7C" box="[304,415,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 cm</quantity>
long, flat terete and slightly grooved adaxially, densely covered with gland-tipped trichomes and minutely translucent puberulous. Bracts inconspicuous,
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80866522F29FEFE965D6D80" box="[826,852,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522F76FEFE96A16D80" box="[869,936,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, linear. Inflorescences in the upper leaf axils, very congested pleiochasium (umbelliform in young plants), peduncle
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522FE0FE1A915F6DA4" box="[1011,1110,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="cm" value="9.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="6.0">6–13 cm</quantity>
long, reddish brown, covered with gland-tipped trichomes, densely glandular and minutely translucent puberulous. Flowers pentamerous, pedicels
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80866522C9BFE6295AB6DEC" box="[136,162,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522CA2FE6295F46DEC" box="[177,253,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
long, densely glandular and minutely translucent puberulous. Hypanthium campanulate,
<emphasis id="B963EA94C808665228FFFE62900F6DEC" box="[1260,1286,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522907FE62905F6DEC" box="[1300,1366,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C8086652298EFE6295BD6E30" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, covered with densely minutely translucent puberulous and gland-tipped trichomes &lt;
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C808665228FEFD8E90486E30" box="[1261,1345,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long; 10- ribbed, with undertint verrucose, giving hypanthium a rugose appearance. Sepals 5, persistent, very widely triangular, apex rounded, connate into a torus, each lobe with an acute-angled triangular external tooth; lobes alternating with fleshy finger appendages, appendage unbranched or multi-branched, tipped by a gland. Petals 5, oblique, glabrous, widely elliptic to oblong,
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522DA4FD1E972C6EA0" box="[439,549,664,689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
×
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522E5AFD1E97B66EA0" box="[585,703,664,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–5 mm</quantity>
wide, white, sometimes pale pinkish, apex mucronate-apiculate. Stamens 10, isomorphic, filaments slightly flat,
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522EB7FD3A96256EC4" box="[676,812,700,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6.5 mm</quantity>
long, white, pinkish toward apex, anthers subulate, apex attenuate, slightly curved ventrally,
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522E32FD66979C6EE8" box="[545,661,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6 mm</quantity>
long, purplish to bluish, pore 1, connective distinct, with one pair of ventral auricular appendages on the base, dorsal appendage
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80866522F3CFC8296406F0C" box="[815,841,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522F4AFC8296BB6F0C" box="[857,946,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
, tuberculate. Style
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80866522898FC8291AC6F0C" box="[1163,1189,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C808665228A6FC82900C6F0C" box="[1205,1285,772,797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long, filiform, glabrous, stigma capitate. Ovary
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80866522DE7FCAE971F6F50" box="[500,534,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">ca.</emphasis>
4/5 as long as the hypanthium, crown with fully connate lobes, margins denticulate with each tooth tipped by a glandular trichome, anther pockets shallow, placentae stalked. Capsules on pedicels
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522967FCCA95BD6F98" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 mm</quantity>
long, hypanthium cup-shaped,
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80866522E06FCF697266F98" box="[533,559,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">ca</emphasis>
. 6 ×
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80866522E7AFCF697A56F98" box="[617,684,880,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, placentae disintegrating after seed dehiscence.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF68660EC80A66502C9BF80095F46416" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" startId="1.[136,229,1926,1947]" targetBox="[158,1430,243,1837]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80A66502C9BF80095F46416" blockId="1.[136,1452,1925,2055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80A66502C9BF80095F76B8A" bold="true" box="[136,254,1926,1947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80A66502D10F80396086B8A" authority="C. W. Lin &amp; C. H. Lee. A. Habit" authorityName="C. W. Lin &amp; C. H. Lee. A. Habit" authorityYear="2018" box="[259,769,1925,1947]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80A66502D10F80394C56B8A" bold="true" box="[259,460,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Phyllagathis stellata</emphasis>
C.W. Lin &amp; C.H. Lee. A. Habit
</taxonomicName>
; B. Portion of leaf abaxial surface; C, C’. Flower, front and side views; D, D'. Petal, inside and side views; E, E', E''. Stamens, side, dorsal and ventral views; F. Hypanthium; G. Longitudinal section of ovary; H. Portion of crown lobe, showing margins denticulate with gland-trichomes; I. Capsules, side view. J. Infructescences. All from
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80A6650294BF84890A26BF2" box="[1368,1451,1998,2019]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">C.W. Lin</emphasis>
643 (TAIF).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF68660EC80966532C9BF816945F6400" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" startId="2.[136,229,1936,1957]" targetBox="[151,1436,187,1908]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80966532C9BF816945F6400" blockId="2.[136,1452,1935,2065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80966532C9BF81695F66BB4" bold="true" box="[136,255,1936,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80966532D14F80996186BB4" authority="C. W. Lin &amp; C. H. Lee. A. Habit" authorityName="C. W. Lin &amp; C. H. Lee. A. Habit" authorityYear="2018" box="[263,785,1935,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80966532D14F80994DB6BB4" bold="true" box="[263,466,1935,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Phyllagathis stellata</emphasis>
C.W. Lin &amp; C.H. Lee. A. Habit
</taxonomicName>
and habitats; B. Young plant; C. Portion of leaf adaxial surface; D. Portion of leaf abaxial surface; E. Immature inflorescence; F. Inflorescence; G. Flower, front view; H. Hypanthium; I. Anthers, dorsal, side and ventral views; J. Appendage of sepals; K. Vertical section of an ovary; L. Capsules, apical view; M. Old-age capsules. All from
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80966532C9BF87A95D56400" box="[136,220,2044,2065]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">C.W. Lin</emphasis>
643 (TAIF).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF68660EC80866522C9BF78A97F06430" box="[136,761,2060,2081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" startId="3.[136,229,2060,2081]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80866522C9BF78A97F06430" blockId="3.[136,761,2060,2081]" box="[136,761,2060,2081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80866522C9BF78A95F76430" bold="true" box="[136,254,2060,2081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80866522D84F78A94FF6430" authorityName="C. W. Lin &amp; C. H. Lee. A. Habit" authorityYear="2018" box="[407,502,2060,2081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80866522D84F78A94FF6430" box="[407,502,2060,2081]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="298">P. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(star) in Sarawak, Borneo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80F66552CAEFF26906F6CCC" blockId="4.[136,1455,160,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552CAEFF26975E6CA8" bold="true" box="[189,599,160,185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Additional specimen examined:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3007616C80F66552E44FF2697E56CA8" box="[599,748,160,185]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
. Borneo,
<collectingRegion id="49D3F864C80F66552F48FF2696B76CA8" box="[859,958,160,185]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Sarawak</collectingRegion>
, Sri Aman Division, Batang Ai,
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552924FF2690586CA8" box="[1335,1361,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CEF9B63C80F66552971FF2690A56CA8" box="[1378,1452,160,185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
elev.
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specimens pressed from plants cultivated in a nursery in Taiwan,
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,
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.
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. Lin 646
</emphasis>
(
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552CAEFF6E94E36D10" bold="true" box="[189,490,232,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
—This new species is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F3007616C80F66552F71FF6E96CC6D10" box="[866,965,232,257]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, currently only known from Batang Ai (
<figureCitation id="132C2A03C80F6655296DFF6E95916D34" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,2060,2081]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of P. stellata (star) in Sarawak, Borneo." pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Growing on riparian forest on soil steep slope in deeply shaded areas, at
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elevations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D650DC80F66552CAEFEB691EA6E9C" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80F66552CAEFEB6977C6D7C" blockId="4.[136,1455,160,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552CAEFEB694416D58" bold="true" box="[189,328,304,329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet refers to the resemblance of this new species capsule from apical view that appears star-like with radiating appendages.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80F66552CAEFEFE97BA6DA4" blockId="4.[136,1455,160,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552CAEFEFE94F06D80" bold="true" box="[189,505,376,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Proposed IUCN Category:</emphasis>
—DD-Data Deficient, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80F66552F99FEFE912A6D80" author="IUCN Standards &amp; Petitions Subcommittee" box="[906,1059,376,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" refId="ref1975" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2016) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 11. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 9 September 2016)" type="book" year="2016">IUCN (2016)</bibRefCitation>
: the species is rare but possibly not threatened as it grows in an inaccessible location.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA83686C80F66552CAEFE4691EA6E9C" blockId="4.[136,1455,160,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552CAEFE4695F66DC8" bold="true" box="[189,255,448,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Note:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552D14FE4694E66DC8" box="[263,495,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Phyllagathis stellata</emphasis>
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belongs to a distinct group of Bornean
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<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552FA7FE46914B6DC8" box="[948,1090,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Phyllagathis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that have pentamerous flowers. Among this group that includes
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F66552DEAFE6296A76DEC" authority="(Stapf) Cellinese (2003: 83)" authorityName="Cellinese" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Stapf" box="[505,942,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guttata">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552DEAFE62976C6DEC" box="[505,613,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. guttata</emphasis>
(Stapf)
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80F66552ED7FE6296A76DEC" author="Cellinese, N." box="[708,942,484,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" pagination="69 - 97" refId="ref1926" refString="Cellinese, N. (2003) Revision of the genus Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae) II. The species in Borneo and Natuna Island. Blumea 48 (1): 69 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651903 X 686060" type="journal article" year="2003">Cellinese (2003: 83)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F66552FAFFE6290AE6DEC" authority="(Nayar) Cellinese (2003: 85)" authorityName="Cellinese" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="M. P. Nayar" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[956,1447,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacobsiana">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552FAFFE62915D6DEC" box="[956,1108,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. jacobsiana</emphasis>
(Nayar)
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80F665528AFFE6290AE6DEC" author="Cellinese, N." box="[1212,1447,484,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" pagination="69 - 97" refId="ref1926" refString="Cellinese, N. (2003) Revision of the genus Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae) II. The species in Borneo and Natuna Island. Blumea 48 (1): 69 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651903 X 686060" type="journal article" year="2003">Cellinese (2003: 85)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552C9BFD8E941A6E30" box="[136,275,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. osmantha</emphasis>
(Nayar)
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80F66552D6EFD8E97606E30" author="Cellinese, N." box="[381,617,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" pagination="69 - 97" refId="ref1926" refString="Cellinese, N. (2003) Revision of the genus Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae) II. The species in Borneo and Natuna Island. Blumea 48 (1): 69 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651903 X 686060" type="journal article" year="2003">Cellinese (2003: 88)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F66552E64FD8E91276E30" authority="Cellinese (2003: 89)" authorityName="Cellinese" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="2003" box="[631,1070,520,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="penrissenensis">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552E64FD8E96316E30" box="[631,824,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. penrissenensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80F66552F51FD8E91276E30" author="Cellinese, N." box="[834,1070,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" pagination="69 - 97" refId="ref1926" refString="Cellinese, N. (2003) Revision of the genus Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae) II. The species in Borneo and Natuna Island. Blumea 48 (1): 69 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651903 X 686060" type="journal article" year="2003">Cellinese (2003: 89)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F6655282FFD8E94B36E54" authority="C. W. Lin, Chien F. Chen &amp; T. Y. A. Yang (2015: 123)" authorityName="C. W. Lin, Chien F. Chen &amp; T. Y. A. Yang" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rajah">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F6655282FFD8E919E6E30" box="[1084,1175,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. rajah</emphasis>
C.W.Lin, Chien F.Chen &amp; T.Y.A.Yang (2015: 123)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F66552DD4FDAA96556E54" authority="(Stapf) Cellinese (2003: 91)" authorityName="Cellinese" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Stapf" box="[455,860,556,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552DD4FDAA971A6E54" box="[455,531,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. rufa</emphasis>
(Stapf)
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80F66552E60FDAA96556E54" author="Cellinese, N." box="[627,860,556,581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" pagination="69 - 97" refId="ref1926" refString="Cellinese, N. (2003) Revision of the genus Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae) II. The species in Borneo and Natuna Island. Blumea 48 (1): 69 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651903 X 686060" type="journal article" year="2003">Cellinese (2003: 91)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F66552F86FDAA90AE6E54" authority="(Cogniaux) Cellinese (2003: 93)" authorityName="Cellinese" authorityPageNumber="93" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Cogniaux" box="[917,1447,556,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subacaulis">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552F86FDAA91226E54" box="[917,1067,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. subacaulis</emphasis>
(Cogniaux)
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B77C80F665528AFFDAA90AE6E54" author="Cellinese, N." box="[1212,1447,556,581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" pagination="69 - 97" refId="ref1926" refString="Cellinese, N. (2003) Revision of the genus Phyllagathis (Melastomataceae: Sonerileae) II. The species in Borneo and Natuna Island. Blumea 48 (1): 69 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651903 X 686060" type="journal article" year="2003">Cellinese (2003: 93)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, it most resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F66552D45FDD694E76E78" authorityName="Cellinese" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="M. P. Nayar" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[342,494,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacobsiana">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552D45FDD694E76E78" box="[342,494,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. jacobsiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F66552E34FDD6979B6E78" authorityName="Cellinese" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Stapf" box="[551,658,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guttata">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552E34FDD6979B6E78" box="[551,658,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. guttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its fleshy finger appendiculate sepals. However, in other aspects
<taxonomicName id="4C174D05C80F66552984FDD695D36E9C" authorityName="C. W. Lin &amp; C. H. Lee. A. Habit" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Phyllagathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="299" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis id="B963EA94C80F66552984FDD695D36E9C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">P. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sharply distinct. A comparison of salient features of the three species is shown in
<tableCitation id="C695033DC80F6655289AFDF291D46E9C" box="[1161,1245,628,653]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,224,701,724]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Phyllagathis stellata with P. jacobsiana and P. guttata" pageId="4" pageNumber="299">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9115B06FFC9BA59FF51FD73CDC4FD1F" bold="true" box="[136,411,717,744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
Almeda &amp; Penneys
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,
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(
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FD49FFFC9BA59FF51FD4BCDC4F85E" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFC9BA59FF51FD4BC81DFC81" blockId="1.[136,1452,757,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Diagnosis: Distinguished by its 3–5-basally nerved entire leaves; axillary clusters of 3–5 sessile, mostly 5-merous flowers; sparse cover of minute stellate trichomes on abaxial foliar surfaces, hypanthia, and calyx lobes; conspicuous narrowly oblong calyx teeth that greatly exceed and obscure calyx lobes at anthesis and in fruit; white oblong apically acute petals that lack a subapical mucro on the abaxial surface; white stamens with ventrally inclined apical pores; and (4–) 5-locular superior ovary.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFC9BA59FF51FC3BC905FC49" blockId="1.[136,1452,757,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
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<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFC9BA59FF51FC3BCCE6FC6D" box="[136,185,901,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Type</collectorName>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFC9BA59FF0CFC3BCD60FC6D" box="[213,319,901,922]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49A149F6FFC9BA59FE9EFC3BCE68FC6D" box="[327,567,901,922]" country="Guyana" name="Cuyuni-Mazaruni" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Cuyuni-Mazaruni region</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFC9BA59FDE6FC3BCECDFC6D" box="[575,658,901,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Paruima</collectorName>
,
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</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFC9BA59FD36FC3BC909FC49" collectingDate="1997-07-02" collectionCode="T, K, C, CAS, BRG, NY" collectorName="D. Clarke &amp; Hollowell &amp; David &amp; Chin &amp; Perry" country="United States of America" elevation="685" latitude="5.8" location="US" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
near camp on trail to Ararata savanna,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFC9BA59FB75FC3BC95BFC6D" box="[1196,1284,901,922]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" precision="925" value="-61.1">61°06’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FAD4FC3BC916FC6D" box="[1293,1353,901,922]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="m" value="685.0">
<elevation id="00486027FFC9BA59FAD4FC3BC916FC6D" box="[1293,1353,901,922]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="m" value="685.0">685 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFDBA1D4FFC9BA59FF64FC17CD70FC49" box="[189,303,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" value="1997-07-02">
<collectingDate id="EF9F583CFFC9BA59FF64FC17CD70FC49" box="[189,303,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" value="1997-07-02">2 July 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl.,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFC9BA59FE83FC17CFC3FC49" box="[346,924,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFC9BA59FE83FC17CDE4FC49" box="[346,443,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">D. Clarke</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFC9BA59FE1CFC17CD8BFC49" box="[453,468,937,958]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFC9BA59FE05FC17CE62FC49" box="[476,573,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Hollowell</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFC9BA59FD9EFC17CE05FC49" box="[583,602,937,958]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFC9BA59FDBAFC17CEFFFC49" box="[611,672,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">David</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFC9BA59FD73FC17CEE2FC49" box="[682,701,937,958]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFC9BA59FD1FFC17CEAAFC49" box="[710,757,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Chin</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFC9BA59FCCAFC17CF79FC49" box="[787,806,937,958]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFC9BA59FCF6FC17CF39FC49" box="[815,870,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Perry</collectorName>
5181
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54DE39B6FFC9BA59FC71FC17C85EFC49" box="[936,1025,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFC9BA59FBD3FC17C81FFC49" box="[1034,1088,937,958]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
!;
<typeStatus id="54DE39B6FFC9BA59FB97FC17C8FFFC49" box="[1102,1184,937,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFC9BA59FB70FC17C8BEFC49" box="[1193,1249,937,958]" country="Guyana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" name="University of Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="Herbarium">BRG</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFC9BA59FB37FC17C948FC49" box="[1262,1303,937,958]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
!,
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFC9BA59FAFCFC17C914FC49" box="[1317,1355,937,958]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">US</collectingCountry>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFC9BA59FF51FC56C8BAF896" blockId="1.[136,1452,1000,2069]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
Laxly branched shrub
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FEA4FC56CD9DFBF6" box="[381,450,1000,1025]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
tall, cauline nodes of upper branchlets somewhat swollen, the internodes rounded-quadrate and somewhat canaliculate on the wider side, glabrous throughout. Leaves of a pair equal to markedly unequal in size, the smaller leaf often 1/3 the length of the larger but commonly deciduous; petioles
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FB8AFB8EC8E1FBBE" box="[1107,1214,1072,1097]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 cm</quantity>
long; blades 4–10 ×
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FF51FBEACD54FB9A" box="[136,267,1108,1133]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–4.7 cm</quantity>
, ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, base acute to obtuse or broadly rounded, margin entire, 3–5-basally nerved with a midvein and 1–2 pairs of secondary veins, adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous to sparingly beset with sessile stellate trichomes. Inflorescence an axillary, sessile, subsessile or short-pedunculate (
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FB01FB22C96EFB42" box="[1240,1329,1180,1205]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
) cluster of 3–5 sessile flowers on one side of each node. Bracts and bracteoles 1 ×
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FC61FB7EC81DFB2E" box="[952,1090,1216,1241]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.5 mm</quantity>
, persistent or tardily deciduous, broadly triangular to ovate or oblong-ovate, glabrous adaxially but minutely short-ciliate apically, abaxial surface glabrous to sparsely covered with sessile stellate trichomes that are sometimes intermixed with somewhat elongate barbed trichomes. Flowers (4–) 5-merous, perfect; hypanthia oblong-subcylindric,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FBE9FA92C8D8FAB2" box="[1072,1159,1324,1349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long from the base to the glandular-ciliate torus (vascular ring); calyx tube
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FD72FAEECF5FFA9E" box="[683,768,1360,1385]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, the calyx lobes 1 ×
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FBC1FAEEC830FA9E" box="[1048,1135,1360,1385]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, triangular, sparsely covered with minute stellate trichomes on both surfaces like those on the hypanthia, and with a few minute glandular trichomes on the margins; calyx teeth green flushed with pink apically, sparingly covered with stellate trichomes, oblong and ± terete, the free distal portions
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FE0FFA02CE48FA22" box="[470,535,1468,1493]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, the basal portion completely fused to the calyx lobes; petals 3–4 ×
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FA90FA02CCE9FA0E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="0.625" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.75 mm</quantity>
, white, glabrous, oblong, apically acute and lacking a subapical mucro on the abaxial side. Stamens (8) 10 (–11), isomorphic, filaments
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FE5FF9BACDA6F9EA" box="[390,505,1540,1565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, white and conspicuously geniculate distally below the thecae at the filament insertion; anthers
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FE76F996CE56F9B6" box="[431,521,1576,1601]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
long, oblong-subulate, arcuate with the distal portion curved outward and away from the style, white but drying yellow, the thecae conspicuously undulate (when dry), the apical pores ventrally inclined; connective somewhat thickened and prolonged just below the thecae for ca.
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FC05F9CEC86DF97E" box="[988,1074,1648,1673]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
but unappendaged. Ovary (4–) 5- locular, completely superior, apex vaguely and inconspicuously elevated into a sparsely stellulate-puberulent lobulate collar
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FF16F906CD7AF926" box="[207,293,1720,1745]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
high. Style
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FE75F906CE55F926" box="[428,522,1720,1745]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long, white, straight and glabrous; stigma truncate to subcapitate. Berry 7–9 ×
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FA5BF906CCEBF902" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
when dry, gray-blue to gray-purple or pale purple when ripe. Seeds ovoid to pyramidal and somewhat angulate on the antiraphal side, dark brown,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FE35F8BECED1F8EE" box="[492,654,1792,1817]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0500000000000003" metricValueMax="2.3000000000000003" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="0.205" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.23 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FD20F8BECFC4F8EE" box="[761,923,1792,1817]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="0.04" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.01">0.01–0.07 mm</quantity>
wide, lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point typically toward the ± truncate chalazal side, raphal zone oblong to ovate, ca. 50% the length of the seed, testa vaguely rugulate and sometimes inconspicuously papillate along the chalazal side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFC9BA59FF64F8D2CDC4F85E" blockId="1.[136,1452,1000,2069]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFC9BA59FF64F8D2CD66F872" bold="true" box="[189,313,1900,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Phenology</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFC9BA59FE87F8D2CE36F872" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[350,617,1900,1925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFC9BA59FE87F8D2CE36F872" box="[350,617,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected in flower in March and July and in fruit in May, July, October, and November.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FD49FFFC9BA5BFF64F80ACD6DF9F4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFC9BA59FF64F80ACD32F7E2" blockId="1.[136,1452,1000,2069]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFC9BA59FF64F80ACDADF83A" bold="true" box="[189,498,1972,1997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFC9BA59FDCCF80ACF78F83A" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[533,807,1972,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFC9BA59FDCCF80ACF78F83A" box="[533,807,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the
<collectingRegion id="49A149F6FFC9BA59FBB1F80AC9D9F83A" box="[1128,1414,1972,1997]" country="Guyana" name="Cuyuni-Mazaruni" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Cuyuni-Mazaruni region</collectingRegion>
of northwestern
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFC9BA59FEFDF866CD24F806" box="[292,379,2008,2033]" name="Guyana" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Guyana</collectingCountry>
where it grows in dense rain forest on brown sand or lateritic to clayey soils at
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFC9BA59FAC5F866C9F3F806" box="[1308,1452,2008,2033]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="500.0">500–1200 m</quantity>
elevation (
<figureCitation id="135E9B91FFC9BA59FF24F842CD3FF7E2" box="[253,352,2044,2069]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1228,1249]" captionTargetBox="[172,1410,203,1183]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,190,1204]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Miconia angustidentata." pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Figure 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1AD79CFFCABA5AFF51F8D6CCAAF7FA" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" startId="2.[136,229,1896,1917]" targetBox="[154,1434,201,1829]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFCABA5AFF51F8D6CCAAF7FA" blockId="2.[136,1452,1896,2061]" pageId="2" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCABA5AFF51F8D6CCA0F88A" bold="true" box="[136,255,1896,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCABA5AFEDCF8D6CDADF88A" box="[261,498,1896,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCABA5AFEDCF8D6CDB1F88A" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[261,494,1896,1917]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">Miconia angustidentata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Habit. B. Representative larger leaves at a node (adaxial surface on left and abaxial surface on right). C. Enlargement of indumentum detail on abaxial leaf surface. D. Inflorescence showing flower buds and bracts. E. Flower (profile view) showing hypanthium, petals, stamens, and style. F. Representative petal (adaxial surface). G. Representative stamen (profile view). H. Longitudinal section of flower showing hypanthium and superior ovary with ovules. I. Representative seeds. All drawn from Clarke et al. 5181.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1AD79CFFCBBA5BFF51FB72CEACFB16" box="[136,755,1228,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" startId="3.[136,229,1228,1249]" targetBox="[172,1410,203,1183]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFCBBA5BFF51FB72CEACFB16" blockId="3.[136,755,1228,1249]" box="[136,755,1228,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFF51FB72CCA1FB16" bold="true" box="[136,254,1228,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCBBA5BFDD1FB72CEB2FB16" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[520,749,1228,1249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFDD1FB72CEB2FB16" box="[520,749,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFCBBA5BFF64FAACCD6DF9F4" blockId="3.[136,1452,1298,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFF64FAACCDEEFADC" bold="true" box="[189,433,1298,1323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Conservation status</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCBBA5BFE0DFAACCEBAFADC" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[468,741,1298,1323]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFE0DFAACCEBAFADC" box="[468,741,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from a limited area in upland rainforest west of the Mazaruni river with populations east and west of the Kamarang river as it flows in a north-south direction in northwestern
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFEFBFAE4CD22FA84" box="[290,381,1370,1395]" name="Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Guyana</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCBBA5BFE51FAE4CECCFA84" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[392,659,1370,1395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFE51FAE4CECCFA84" box="[392,659,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been collected in adjacent regions of
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFB41FAE4C951FA84" box="[1176,1294,1370,1395]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFAC3FAE4C9D7FA84" box="[1306,1416,1370,1395]" name="Suriname" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, or
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFF51FAC0CC8FFA60" box="[136,208,1406,1431]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. The EOO is
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFEBBFAC0CDF7FA60" box="[354,424,1406,1431]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
² and the AOO is
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFDBCFAC0CEF1FA60" box="[613,686,1406,1431]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
². None of the collections of this species grow within a protected area. Because of its limited range, highly concentrated population structure in what amounts to fewer than five localities, and possible threat of habitat degradation or destruction in the future, we recommend a classification of Endangered (EN): B2ab(v).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FD49FFFCBBA5BFF64F9B0CE5EF820" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFCBBA5BFF64F9B0C912F9BC" blockId="3.[136,1452,1298,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFF64F9B0CD61F9D0" bold="true" box="[189,318,1550,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The epithet for this species,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFD7BF9B0CF10F9D0" box="[674,847,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCBBA5BFD7BF9B0CF14F9D0" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[674,843,1550,1575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">angustidentata</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
draws attention to the narrow oblong calyx teeth that are fused to and largely obscure the abaxial surfaces of the inconspicuous calyx lobes at anthesis and in fruit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFCBBA5BFF64F9E8CE5EF820" blockId="3.[136,1452,1298,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFF64F9E8CE66F998" bold="true" box="[189,569,1622,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFCBBA5BFD83F9E8C88DF998" box="[602,1234,1622,1647]" collectionCode="W" country="Guyana" location="Paruima" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cuyuni-Mazaruni">
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFD83F9E8CE88F998" box="[602,727,1622,1647]" name="Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49A149F6FFCBBA5BFD3BF9E8CFA2F998" box="[738,1021,1622,1647]" country="Guyana" name="Cuyuni-Mazaruni" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Cuyuni-Mazaruni region</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFBD1F9E8C837F998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC3602FFC9BA5CFF51FD73C9C8FBEE:8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFBD1F9E8C837F998" box="[1032,1128,1622,1647]" country="Guyana" name="Paruima" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" stateProvince="Cuyuni-Mazaruni">Paruima</location>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFBADF9E8C8F1F998" box="[1140,1198,1622,1647]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFB6CF9E8C88DF998" box="[1205,1234,1622,1647]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFCBBA5BFB07F9E8CD5CF940" collectingDate="1997-07-02" collectionCode="BRG, CAS, MO, NY" country="United States of America" elevation="685" latitude="5.8" location="Clarke" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.1" municipality="Ararata" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1">
near camp on trail to
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE1D6EFFCBBA5BFF7EF9C4CCA4F964" box="[167,251,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Ararata</collectingMunicipality>
savanna,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFEA8F9C4CD99F964" box="[369,454,1658,1683]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="5.8">5°48’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFE0FF9C4CE63F964" box="[470,572,1658,1683]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="-61.1">61°06’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFD95F9C4CEC8F964" box="[588,663,1658,1683]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="685.0">
<elevation id="00486027FFCBBA5BFD95F9C4CEC8F964" box="[588,663,1658,1683]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="685.0">685 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFDBA1D4FFCBBA5BFCC0F9C4CFF9F964" box="[793,934,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1997-07-02">
<collectingDate id="EF9F583CFFCBBA5BFCC0F9C4CFF9F964" box="[793,934,1658,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1997-07-02">2 July 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl.,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFC06F9C4C8EBF964" box="[991,1204,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<location id="8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFC06F9C4C874F964" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC3602FFC9BA5CFF51FD73C9C8FBEE:8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFC06F9C4C874F964" box="[991,1067,1658,1683]" country="United States of America" latitude="5.8" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.1" municipality="Ararata" name="Clarke" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Clarke</location>
et al. 5171
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFB1EF9C4C956F964" box="[1223,1289,1658,1683]" country="Guyana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" name="University of Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">BRG</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFAC5F9C4C905F964" box="[1308,1370,1658,1683]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFAB7F9C4C9FCF964" box="[1390,1443,1658,1683]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFF51F920CCE7F940" box="[136,184,1694,1719]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
!,
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFF13F920CCA9F940" box="[202,246,1694,1719]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">US</collectingCountry>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFCBBA5BFECBF920CFF0F92C" collectingDate="1997-07-06" collectionCode="W, E, BRG, CAS" collectorName="Clarke" country="United States of America" elevation="780" latitude="5.8166666" location="Paruima" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.133335" municipality="Cuyuni-Mazaruni region" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE1D6EFFCBBA5BFECBF920CE72F940" box="[274,557,1694,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Cuyuni-Mazaruni region</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFDE2F920CEC4F940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC3602FFC9BA5CFF51FD73C9C8FBEE:8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFDE2F920CEC4F940" box="[571,667,1694,1719]" country="United States of America" latitude="5.8166666" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.133335" municipality="Cuyuni-Mazaruni region" name="Paruima" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Paruima</location>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFD70F920CEBAF940" box="[681,741,1694,1719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFD34F920CF57F940" box="[749,776,1694,1719]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A689E36FFCBBA5BFCCFF920C845F940" box="[790,1050,1694,1719]" location="Ararata" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFCCFF920CFDCF940" box="[790,899,1694,1719]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="km" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFC55F920CFC2F940" box="[908,925,1694,1719]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
of Ararata
</locationDeviation>
scrub area,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFB70F920C8A1F940" box="[1193,1278,1694,1719]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="5.8166666">5°49’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFAD5F920C92CF940" box="[1292,1395,1694,1719]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="-61.133335">61°08’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFA58F920CCC1F92C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="780.0">
<elevation id="00486027FFCBBA5BFA58F920CCC1F92C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFDBA1D4FFCBBA5BFEF8F97CCDF1F92C" box="[289,430,1730,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1997-07-06">
<collectingDate id="EF9F583CFFCBBA5BFEF8F97CCDF1F92C" box="[289,430,1730,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1997-07-06">6 July 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl.,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFE3EF97CCEE3F92C" box="[487,700,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFE3EF97CCE6CF92C" box="[487,563,1730,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Clarke</collectorName>
et al. 5430
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFD09F97CCF4DF92C" box="[720,786,1730,1755]" country="Guyana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" name="University of Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">BRG</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFCFCF97CCF3CF92C" box="[805,867,1730,1755]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
!,
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFCAEF97CCFFCF92C" box="[887,931,1730,1755]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">US</collectingCountry>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFCBBA5BFC19F97CCD5DF8D4" collectingDate="1997-07-22" collectionCode="S, BRG, CAS, NY" collectorName="Konuktipu &amp; Clarke" country="United States of America" elevation="600" latitude="5.8" location="Paruima" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.05" municipality="Cuyuni-Mazaruni region" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE1D6EFFCBBA5BFC19F97CC884F92C" box="[960,1243,1730,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Cuyuni-Mazaruni region</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFB32F97CC914F92C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC3602FFC9BA5CFF51FD73C9C8FBEE:8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFB32F97CC914F92C" box="[1259,1355,1730,1755]" country="United States of America" latitude="5.8" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.05" municipality="Cuyuni-Mazaruni region" name="Paruima" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Paruima</location>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFA83F97CC9F3F92C" box="[1370,1452,1730,1755]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFF51F958CCC6F908" box="[136,153,1766,1791]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
, summit of
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFEF0F958CDFBF908" box="[297,420,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Konuktipu</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFE6BF958CE58F908" box="[434,519,1766,1791]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="5.8">5°48’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFDCFF958CE22F908" box="[534,637,1766,1791]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="-61.05">61°03’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFD52F958CE8AF908" box="[651,725,1766,1791]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="600.0">
<elevation id="00486027FFCBBA5BFD52F958CE8AF908" box="[651,725,1766,1791]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFDBA1D4FFCBBA5BFC8EF958CFAEF908" box="[855,1009,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1997-07-22">
<collectingDate id="EF9F583CFFCBBA5BFC8EF958CFAEF908" box="[855,1009,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1997-07-22">22 July 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr.,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFBF0F958C8A2F908" box="[1065,1277,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFBF0F958C82AF908" box="[1065,1141,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Clarke</collectorName>
et al. 5959
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFAC9F958C90DF908" box="[1296,1362,1766,1791]" country="Guyana" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14517" name="University of Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">BRG</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFABCF958C9FCF908" box="[1381,1443,1766,1791]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
!,
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFF51F8B4CCE7F8D4" box="[136,184,1802,1827]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
!,
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFF13F8B4CCA9F8D4" box="[202,246,1802,1827]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">US</collectingCountry>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFCBBA5BFEC9F8B4CD54F8B0" collectingDate="1949-03-04" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Forest Dept." country="Guyana" county="Tamakay" location="Morabukea forest" municipality="Mazaruni river" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" specimenCode="F2855" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="62BBFF98FFCBBA5BFEC9F8B4CD29F8D4" box="[272,374,1802,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Tamakay</collectingCounty>
landing,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE1D6EFFCBBA5BFE3AF8B4CED0F8D4" box="[483,655,1802,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Mazaruni river</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFD42F8B4CF38F8D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC3602FFC9BA5CFF51FD73C9C8FBEE:8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFD42F8B4CF38F8D4" box="[667,871,1802,1827]" country="Guyana" county="Tamakay" municipality="Mazaruni river" name="Morabukea forest" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Morabukea forest</location>
,
<date id="FFDBA1D4FFCBBA5BFCAAF8B4C848F8D4" box="[883,1047,1802,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1949-03-04">
<collectingDate id="EF9F583CFFCBBA5BFCAAF8B4C848F8D4" box="[883,1047,1802,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1949-03-04">4 March 1949</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl.,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFB95F8B4CC8EF8B0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFB95F8B4C884F8D4" box="[1100,1243,1802,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Forest Dept.</collectorName>
of
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFADBF8B4C9F4F8D4" box="[1282,1451,1802,1827]" name="Guyana" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">British Guiana</collectingCountry>
<specimenCode id="DBC32F6FFFCBBA5BFF51F890CC8EF8B0" box="[136,209,1838,1863]" collectionCode="F" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">F2855</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFF3BF890CCA2F8B0" box="[226,253,1838,1863]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFCBBA5BFEC1F890CEF4F89C" collectingDate="1981-10-12" collectionCode="U" collectorName="Maas" country="Guyana" elevation="550" latitude="5.8" location="Paruima Mission" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.016666" municipality="Pakaraima mountains" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE1D6EFFCBBA5BFEC1F890CE52F8B0" box="[280,525,1838,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Pakaraima mountains</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFDC1F890CE85F8B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC3602FFC9BA5CFF51FD73C9C8FBEE:8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFDC1F890CE85F8B0" box="[536,730,1838,1863]" country="Guyana" latitude="5.8" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.016666" municipality="Pakaraima mountains" name="Paruima Mission" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Paruima Mission</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFD3CF890CF65F8B0" box="[741,826,1838,1863]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="5.8">5°48’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFC9FF890CFF2F8B0" box="[838,941,1838,1863]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="-61.016666">61°01’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFC60F890C85FF8B0" box="[953,1024,1838,1863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="550.0">
<elevation id="00486027FFCBBA5BFC60F890C85FF8B0" box="[953,1024,1838,1863]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFDBA1D4FFCBBA5BFBA5F890C965F8B0" box="[1148,1338,1838,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1981-10-12">
<collectingDate id="EF9F583CFFCBBA5BFBA5F890C965F8B0" box="[1148,1338,1838,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1981-10-12">12 October 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr.,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFAB4F890CD59F89C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFAB4F890C9F4F8B0" box="[1389,1451,1838,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Maas</collectorName>
et al. 5593
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED741FD1FFCBBA5BFEC0F8ECCD6FF89C" box="[281,304,1874,1899]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15513" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="Herbarium">U</collectionCode>
, US-00615248!, US-00615249!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFCBBA5BFD63F8ECC91BF878" collectingDate="1951-11-09" collectorName="Maguire &amp; Fanshawe" country="United States of America" county="Kamarang" elevation="1200" location="Morabukea forest" municipality="Moruka Creek" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="62BBFF98FFCBBA5BFD63F8ECCF70F89C" box="[698,815,1874,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Kamarang</collectingCounty>
river-Wenamu trail,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE1D6EFFCBBA5BFBFAF8ECC893F89C" box="[1059,1228,1874,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Moruka Creek</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFB02F8ECC9F7F89C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC3602FFC9BA5CFF51FD73C9C8FBEE:8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFB02F8ECC9F7F89C" box="[1243,1448,1874,1899]" country="United States of America" county="Kamarang" municipality="Moruka Creek" name="Morabukea forest" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Morabukea forest</location>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFF51F8C8CC81F878" box="[136,222,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="00486027FFCBBA5BFF51F8C8CC81F878" box="[136,222,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFDBA1D4FFCBBA5BFE82F8C8CE77F878" box="[347,552,1910,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1951-11-09">
<collectingDate id="EF9F583CFFCBBA5BFE82F8C8CE77F878" box="[347,552,1910,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1951-11-09">9 November 1951</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr.,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFD85F8C8CFFEF878" box="[604,929,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFD85F8C8CEE4F878" box="[604,699,1910,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Maguire</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFD39F8C8CF0CF878" box="[736,851,1910,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Fanshawe</collectorName>
32465
</emphasis>
(NY-03166002, digital image!,
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFAD2F8C8C968F878" box="[1291,1335,1910,1935]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">US</collectingCountry>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0D8D49FFCBBA5BFA88F8C8CDA2F820" collectingDate="1990-05-28" collectorName="McDowell &amp; Gopaul" country="United States of America" county="Farm of Lloyd Anselmo" elevation="500" latitude="5.8166666" location="Paruima village" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.033333" municipality="Kamarang river" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="62BBFF98FFCBBA5BFA88F8C8CD66F844" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Farm of Lloyd Anselmo</collectingCounty>
, across
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE1D6EFFCBBA5BFE4AF824CE1AF844" box="[403,581,1946,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Kamarang river</collectingMunicipality>
from
<location id="8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFD52F824CF60F844" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC3602FFC9BA5CFF51FD73C9C8FBEE:8EBAD1CFFFCBBA5BFD52F824CF60F844" box="[651,831,1946,1971]" country="United States of America" county="Farm of Lloyd Anselmo" latitude="5.8166666" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="-61.033333" municipality="Kamarang river" name="Paruima village" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Paruima village</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFC95F824CFFEF844" box="[844,929,1946,1971]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="5.8166666">5°49’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51E1D3FFCBBA5BFC74F824C84BF844" box="[941,1044,1946,1971]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" precision="925" value="-61.033333">61°02’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCBBA5BFBF8F824C836F844" box="[1057,1129,1946,1971]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="00486027FFCBBA5BFBF8F824C836F844" box="[1057,1129,1946,1971]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFDBA1D4FFCBBA5BFB3FF824C9DFF844" box="[1254,1408,1946,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1990-05-28">
<collectingDate id="EF9F583CFFCBBA5BFB3FF824C9DFF844" box="[1254,1408,1946,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" value="1990-05-28">28 May 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr.,
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFF51F800CDEBF820" box="[136,436,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFF51F800CCA2F820" box="[136,253,1982,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">McDowell</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2690E2C2FFCBBA5BFEF8F800CD2AF820" box="[289,373,1982,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Gopaul</collectorName>
2928
</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCBBA5BFE1DF800CDAFF820" box="[452,496,1982,2007]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">US</collectingCountry>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FD49FFFCBBA5CFF64F85CC9C8FBEE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFCBBA5CFF64F85CCF3AFE2E" blockId="3.[136,1452,1298,2079]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,160,1049]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFF64F85CCD64F80C" bold="true" box="[189,315,2018,2043]" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Discussion</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCBBA5BFE86F85CCE31F80C" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[351,622,2018,2043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCBBA5BFE86F85CCE31F80C" box="[351,622,2018,2043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily recognized by its 3–5-nerved entire leaves; axillary, sessile, subsessile, or short-pedunculate cluster of 3–5 sessile flowers with persistent or tardily deciduous, broadly triangular to ovate or oblong-ovate bracts and bracteoles; oblong-subcylindric hypanthia with a glandular-ciliate torus; triangular calyx lobes covered with minute stellate trichomes on both surfaces; oblong and ± terete calyx teeth that conceal the calyx lobes; ventrally inclined apical anther pores; superior ovary; and gray-blue to gray-purple or pale purple mature berries. The flowers are typically 5-merous and the ovaries are mostly 5-locular but a few flowers on the specimens available for study are 4-merous and at least a couple of ovaries are 4-locular in 4-merous flowers. The significance of this variation is difficult to gauge in view of the limited number of flowers and fruits on specimens studied. The specimen label on one collection (
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFDD8FEC6CEE5FE66" box="[513,698,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Maas et al. 5593</emphasis>
) describes the leaves as green adaxially and wine-colored abaxially. We were unable to determine the consistency of this color difference on opposing leaf surfaces because all of the collections that were available for study turned dark upon drying.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA8714FFCCBA5CFF64FE5AC9C8FBEE" blockId="4.[136,1452,160,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFF64FE5ACD9AFE0A" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,453,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFF64FE5ACD9AFE0A" box="[189,453,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not key satisfactorily to any of the species of
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFC3EFE5AC8EDFE0A" box="[999,1202,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFC3EFE5AC80FFE0A" authorityName="D. Don" authorityYear="1823" box="[999,1104,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Clidemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">Clidemia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFB80FE5AC8F1FE0A" box="[1113,1198,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Ossaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ossaea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFB0BFE5AC970FE0A" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityYear="1794" box="[1234,1327,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFB0BFE5AC970FE0A" box="[1234,1327,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Miconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the most recent accounts of
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFE81FDB6CE45FDD6" box="[344,538,520,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
for the Guianas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFD00FDB6CF9FFDD6" author="Wurdack, J. J. &amp; Renner, S. S. &amp; Morley, T." box="[729,960,520,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" refId="ref4607" refString="Wurdack, J. J., Renner, S. S. &amp; Morley, T. (1993) Melastomataceae. In: Gorts van Rijn, A. R. A. (Ed.) Flora of the Guianas 13. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, 425 pp." type="book" year="1993">
Wurdack
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFC9EFDB6CF20FDD6" box="[839,895,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
). It also does not match any of the described species of these genera included in other regional accounts for northern South America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFB5FFD92C967FDB2" author="Macbride, J. F." box="[1158,1336,556,581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 566" refId="ref3851" refString="Macbride, J. F. (1941) Melastomataceae. In: Macbride, J. F. (Ed.) Flora of Peru. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 13 (4): 1 - 566." type="journal article" year="1941">Macbride 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFA9FFD92CC9CFD9E" author="Wurdack, J. J." pageId="4" pageNumber="119" refId="ref4515" refString="Wurdack, J. J. (1973) Melastomataceae. In: Lasser, T. (Ed.) Flora de Venezuela, Vol. 8. Instituto Botanico, Caracas, Venezuela, 819 pp." type="book" year="1973">Wurdack 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFF0BFDEECD52FD9E" author="Wurdack, J. J." box="[210,269,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" refId="ref4554" refString="Wurdack, J. J. (1980) Melastomataceae. In: Harling, G. &amp; Sparre, B. (Eds.) Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 13. University of Goteborg &amp; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Goteborg &amp; Stockholm, Sweden, 406 pp." type="book" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFEC4FDEECDFCFD9E" author="Berry, P. E." box="[285,419,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="387 - 467" refId="ref3223" refString="Berry, P. E. (2001) Miconia. In: Berry, P. E., Yatskievych, K. &amp; Holst, B. K. (Eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 6, Liliaceae- Myrsinaceae, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 387 - 467." type="book chapter" year="2001">Berry 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFE6AFDEECE6BFD9E" author="Holst, B. K." box="[435,564,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="295 - 310" refId="ref3661" refString="Holst, B. K. (2001) Clidemia. In: Berry, P. E., Yatskievych, K. &amp; Holst, B. K. (Eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 6, Liliaceae- Myrsinaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 295 - 310." type="book chapter" year="2001">Holst 2001</bibRefCitation>
) or the Mesoamerican region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFC78FDEEC81EFD9E" author="Almeda, F." box="[929,1089,592,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="164 - 338" refId="ref3086" refString="Almeda, F. (2009) Melastomataceae. In: Davidse, G., Sousa-Sanchez, M., Knapp, S. &amp; Chiang, F. (Eds.) Flora Mesoamericana 4 (1): 164 - 338." type="journal article" year="2009">Almeda 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFB82FDEEC936FD9E" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[1115,1385,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFB82FDEEC936FD9E" box="[1115,1385,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Miconia angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFE8CFDCAC841FD7A" authority="(Naudin 1851: 311) Cogniaux (1888: 505)" authorityName="Cogniaux" authorityPageNumber="505" authorityYear="1888" baseAuthorityName="Naudin" baseAuthorityPageNumber="311" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[341,1054,628,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Clidemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="sessiliflora">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFE8CFDCACE61FD7A" box="[341,574,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clidemia sessiliflora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFD95FDCACF47FD7A" author="Naudin, C." box="[588,792,628,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="305 - 382" refId="ref4207" refString="Naudin, C. (1851) Melastomacearum. Quae in Museo Parisiensi continentur Monographicae descriptionis. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, ser. 3 17 (5): 305 - 382." type="journal article" year="1851">Naudin 1851: 311</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFCFEFDCAC841FD7A" author="Cogniaux, C. A." box="[807,1054,628,653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 655" refId="ref3405" refString="Cogniaux, C. A. (1888) Melastomaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. &amp; Eichler, A. G. (Eds.) Flora brasiliensis 14 (4): 1 - 655." type="journal article" year="1888">Cogniaux (1888: 505)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on overall leaf shape and the congested axillary inflorescences.
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFDD3FD26CEADFD46" authorityName="Cogniaux" authorityYear="1888" baseAuthorityName="Naudin" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[522,754,664,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Clidemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="sessiliflora">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFDD3FD26CEADFD46" box="[522,754,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clidemia sessiliflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs most notably from
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFBC7FD26C8B6FD46" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[1054,1257,664,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFBC7FD26C8B6FD46" box="[1054,1257,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">M. angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by it 5-plinerved leaf blades (vs. 3–5-basally nerved), uniformly 4-merous flowers (vs. modally 5-merous), ovate to semicircular calyx lobes (vs. triangular), shorter (
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCCBA5CFE03FD5ECE05FD0E" box="[474,602,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1 mm</quantity>
long) calyx teeth (vs.
<quantity id="4C9D2AF1FFCCBA5CFC8BFD5ECFCCFD0E" box="[850,915,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long) that do not obscure the calyx lobes, petals with a subapical mucro on the abaxial surface (vs. no mucro), dorsally inclined anther pores (vs. ventrally inclined), and a 2/3 inferior ovary that is 3-locular (vs. superior ovary that is modally 5-locular).
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFBFEFC96C94FFCB6" authorityName="Cogniaux" authorityYear="1888" baseAuthorityName="Naudin" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1063,1296,808,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Clidemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="sessiliflora">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFBFEFC96C94FFCB6" box="[1063,1296,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clidemia sessiliflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFF51FCF2CD0BFC92" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,340,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFF51FCF2CD0BFC92" box="[136,340,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">M. angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its wider geographic range (
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCCBA5CFD6BFCF2CF6EFC92" box="[690,817,844,869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCCBA5CFCE4FCF2CFC6FC92" box="[829,921,844,869]" name="Panama" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCCBA5CFC7DFCF2C84AFC92" box="[932,1045,844,869]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCCBA5CFB89FCF2C89CFC92" box="[1104,1219,844,869]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F372C784FFCCBA5CFB3EFCF2C961FC92" box="[1255,1342,844,869]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
). Another species that is only superficially similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFDBCFCCECF70FC7E" authorityName="Almeda &amp; Penneys" authorityYear="2018" box="[613,815,880,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustidentata">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFDBCFCCECF70FC7E" box="[613,815,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">M. angustidentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in overall leaf shape, venation, and the clustered axillary flowers is
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFF27FC2ACF95FC5A" authority="(Triana 1872: 137) Cogniaux (1888: 507)" authorityName="Cogniaux" authorityPageNumber="507" authorityYear="1888" baseAuthorityName="Triana" baseAuthorityPageNumber="137" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[254,970,916,941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Clidemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="minutiflora">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFF27FC2ACDB4FC5A" box="[254,491,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clidemia minutiflora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFE23FC2ACEE1FC5A" author="Triana, J. J." box="[506,702,916,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref4337" refString="Triana, J. J. (1872) [&quot; 1871 &quot;] Les Melastomacees. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 28: 1 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1871. tb 00222. x" type="book chapter" year="1872">Triana 1872: 137</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4FAE5FFCCBA5CFD17FC2ACF95FC5A" author="Cogniaux, C. A." box="[718,970,916,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 655" refId="ref3405" refString="Cogniaux, C. A. (1888) Melastomaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. &amp; Eichler, A. G. (Eds.) Flora brasiliensis 14 (4): 1 - 655." type="journal article" year="1888">Cogniaux (1888: 507)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on DNA sequence data the latter is actually a
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFF26FC06CE09FC26" authority="DC. (1828: 105)" authorityName="DC." authorityPageNumber="105" authorityYear="1828" box="[255,598,952,977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Graffenrieda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFF26FC06CDCEFC26" box="[255,401,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Graffenrieda</emphasis>
DC. (1828: 105)
</taxonomicName>
(fide F. A. Michelangeli, pers. comm.). It differs in having consistently 4- merous flowers, anthers with a short pedoconnective and dorso-basal staminal appendages, diminutive external calyx teeth, a 3-locular ovary that is ½ inferior, and a dry capsular fruit unlike other axillary-flowered species of
<emphasis id="B9115B06FFCCBA5CFAEBFBBEC9C8FBEE" box="[1330,1431,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="4C65FC97FFCCBA5CFAEBFBBEC9CCFBEE" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityYear="1794" box="[1330,1427,1024,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Miconia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

292
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<mods:title id="CCA5ED325B1FAA306168111B111EFB4C">First record of trichomycetes associated with aquatic insects from Colombian Moorland and Andean forests</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02EFE7FC406F68" blockId="3.[136,999,236,263]" box="[136,999,236,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0BA2A559A728C22FF02EFE7FC406F68" box="[136,999,236,263]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FF02EFE7FCA26F68" authority="D.E. Baron &amp; L.G. Valle." authorityName="D. E. Baron &amp; L. G. Valle." authorityYear="2018" box="[136,773,236,263]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF02EFE7FE476F68" bold="true" box="[136,480,236,263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gauthieromyces colombiensis</emphasis>
D.E. Baron &amp; L.G. Valle.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FC81EFE5FCC76F68" box="[779,864,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20AFC509A728C22FC81EFE5FCC76F68" box="[779,864,238,263]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FCE5EFE5FC786F68" box="[879,991,238,263]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionStartId-1="5.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetBox-1="[277,1255,207,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@4.[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@5.[251,1337,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 2–10. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. 2. Thallus overview. 3–5. Basal cell with holdfast material and short rhizoid-like branches (arrows).6. Fertilebranches overview.7. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores on generative cells.Trichospore appendages observable inside the corresponding generative cells (arrows). 7b. Detail of an appendage inside a generative cell. 8. Loose trichospore with appendage. 9. Vegetative propagules attached to the basal cell (arrow). 10. Detail of the distal section of various propagules. Scale bar for Fig. 2 = 50 μm; for Figs 3–6, 9 = 25 μm; for Figs 7, 7b, 8, 10 = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. Line drawing. Thallus overview. Bc= basal cell. gc= generative cell. Fb= fertile branch. Tr= trichospore. Pr= propagules. Scale bar= 50 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 2–11</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02EE1FFEC86F46" blockId="3.[136,367,276,297]" box="[136,367,276,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF02EE1FFF526F46" bold="true" box="[136,245,276,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mycobank</emphasis>
MB 825122
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A728C22FF02EE5FFB536F99" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02EE5FFDC56FDF" blockId="3.[136,1452,340,502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FF5CEE5FFEFE6F06" box="[214,345,340,361]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="498953DB9A728C22FEECEE5FFE5E6F06" box="[358,505,340,361]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SANTANDER</collectingRegion>
: Piedecuesta; Río El Rasgón,
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.
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.
<date id="FFF3BBF99A728C22FB3EEE5FFA9D6F06" box="[1204,1338,340,361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2016-05-13">13-May-2016</date>
,
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FAC2EE5FFA026F06" box="[1352,1445,340,361]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D. Barón</emphasis>
, prepared from
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FED8EE73FE406FE2" box="[338,487,376,397]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Mayobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FED8EE73FE656FE2" box="[338,450,376,397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mayobaetis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
nymphs (
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FDC0EE73FD466FE2" box="[586,737,376,397]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FD67EE73FCE26FE2" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[749,837,376,397]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
). Microscope slide FH-COL11–Tr35 (
<typeStatus id="54F6239B9A728C22FB35EE73FAB26FE2" box="[1215,1301,376,397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
here designed,
<collectionCode id="ED5C05FC9A728C22FF37EE90FF446FDF" box="[189,227,411,432]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FH</collectionCode>
!),
<collectionCode id="ED5C05FC9A728C22FF72EE90FE8D6FDF" box="[248,298,411,432]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">COL</collectionCode>
11–Tr34, Tr37 (
<typeStatus id="54F6239B9A728C22FE35EE90FDB66FDF" box="[447,529,411,432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5C05FC9A728C22FD91EE90FDF46FDF" box="[539,595,411,432]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14402" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14402" name="Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">BCB</collectionCode>
!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02EEB5FB536F99" blockId="3.[136,1452,340,502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF02EEB5FDB76FBC" box="[136,528,446,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FF70EEB5FDB76FBC" box="[250,528,446,467]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiesis">Gauthieromyces colombiesis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is somewhat similar to
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FC88EEB5FC3E6FBC" box="[770,921,446,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FC88EEB5FC326FBC" box="[770,917,446,467]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="mcrosporus">G. mcrosporus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
although the new species has larger trichospores and fertile branches producing a higher number of generative cells. The basal cell has rhizoidal-like sterile branches.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A728C22FF02ED14FAEB6D40" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02ED14FAEB6D40" blockId="3.[136,1452,543,1554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF02ED14FEB56C57" bold="true" box="[136,274,543,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
:—Dendroidal thallus 250–400 μm long, with a stout basal cell (cell 1) 40–50 × 15–22 μm, from which one or two lateral branches (fertile at maturity) emerge (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FD70ED49FCC76C34" box="[762,864,578,603]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–10" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–10. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. 2. Thallus overview. 3–5. Basal cell with holdfast material and short rhizoid-like branches (arrows).6. Fertilebranches overview.7. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores on generative cells.Trichospore appendages observable inside the corresponding generative cells (arrows). 7b. Detail of an appendage inside a generative cell. 8. Loose trichospore with appendage. 9. Vegetative propagules attached to the basal cell (arrow). 10. Detail of the distal section of various propagules. Scale bar for Fig. 2 = 50 μm; for Figs 3–6, 9 = 25 μm; for Figs 7, 7b, 8, 10 = 10 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
). Discoid or disperse holdfast material (7.5–16.5 μm diam) at the proximal area of the basal cell. Holdfast structure often accompanied by thin rhizoid-like branches arising from the basal zone towards the hindgut lining (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FD15ED82FCA36CCD" box="[671,772,649,674]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–10" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–10. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. 2. Thallus overview. 3–5. Basal cell with holdfast material and short rhizoid-like branches (arrows).6. Fertilebranches overview.7. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores on generative cells.Trichospore appendages observable inside the corresponding generative cells (arrows). 7b. Detail of an appendage inside a generative cell. 8. Loose trichospore with appendage. 9. Vegetative propagules attached to the basal cell (arrow). 10. Detail of the distal section of various propagules. Scale bar for Fig. 2 = 50 μm; for Figs 3–6, 9 = 25 μm; for Figs 7, 7b, 8, 10 = 10 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FC85ED82FC8B6CCD" box="[783,812,649,674]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[277,1255,207,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[251,1337,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. Line drawing. Thallus overview. Bc= basal cell. gc= generative cell. Fb= fertile branch. Tr= trichospore. Pr= propagules. Scale bar= 50 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11</figureCitation>
). Cell 2 (above the basal cell), measuring 25–65 × 13–15 μm, thinner than the basal cell 1. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores measuring 11.5–16.5 (arch length) × 1.8–3.4 μm (diam), with very short collar and a single appendage measuring 13–16 μm long (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FB91EDC4FB276C87" box="[1051,1152,719,744]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–10" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–10. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. 2. Thallus overview. 3–5. Basal cell with holdfast material and short rhizoid-like branches (arrows).6. Fertilebranches overview.7. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores on generative cells.Trichospore appendages observable inside the corresponding generative cells (arrows). 7b. Detail of an appendage inside a generative cell. 8. Loose trichospore with appendage. 9. Vegetative propagules attached to the basal cell (arrow). 10. Detail of the distal section of various propagules. Scale bar for Fig. 2 = 50 μm; for Figs 3–6, 9 = 25 μm; for Figs 7, 7b, 8, 10 = 10 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FB06EDC4FB0E6C87" box="[1164,1193,719,744]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[277,1255,207,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[251,1337,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. Line drawing. Thallus overview. Bc= basal cell. gc= generative cell. Fb= fertile branch. Tr= trichospore. Pr= propagules. Scale bar= 50 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11</figureCitation>
). Fertile branches with up to 20 generative cells, variable in length, 8–25(–40) × 3.5–4.5 μm (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FC22EDF9FBA96D64" box="[936,1038,754,779]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–10" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–10. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. 2. Thallus overview. 3–5. Basal cell with holdfast material and short rhizoid-like branches (arrows).6. Fertilebranches overview.7. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores on generative cells.Trichospore appendages observable inside the corresponding generative cells (arrows). 7b. Detail of an appendage inside a generative cell. 8. Loose trichospore with appendage. 9. Vegetative propagules attached to the basal cell (arrow). 10. Detail of the distal section of various propagules. Scale bar for Fig. 2 = 50 μm; for Figs 3–6, 9 = 25 μm; for Figs 7, 7b, 8, 10 = 10 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FB91EDF9FB9F6D64" box="[1051,1080,754,779]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[277,1255,207,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[251,1337,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. Line drawing. Thallus overview. Bc= basal cell. gc= generative cell. Fb= fertile branch. Tr= trichospore. Pr= propagules. Scale bar= 50 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11</figureCitation>
). Elongate or clavate propagules 40–65 × 11.5–13 μm originated from the basal cell and other cells near it (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FC42EC1DFB9C6D40" box="[968,1083,790,815]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionStartId-1="5.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetBox-1="[277,1255,207,1890]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@4.[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@5.[251,1337,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 2–10. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. 2. Thallus overview. 3–5. Basal cell with holdfast material and short rhizoid-like branches (arrows).6. Fertilebranches overview.7. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores on generative cells.Trichospore appendages observable inside the corresponding generative cells (arrows). 7b. Detail of an appendage inside a generative cell. 8. Loose trichospore with appendage. 9. Vegetative propagules attached to the basal cell (arrow). 10. Detail of the distal section of various propagules. Scale bar for Fig. 2 = 50 μm; for Figs 3–6, 9 = 25 μm; for Figs 7, 7b, 8, 10 = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. Line drawing. Thallus overview. Bc= basal cell. gc= generative cell. Fb= fertile branch. Tr= trichospore. Pr= propagules. Scale bar= 50 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
). Zygospores not found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A728C22FF37EC32FD1B6D3D" box="[189,700,825,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF37EC32FD1B6D3D" blockId="3.[136,1452,543,1554]" box="[189,700,825,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF37EC32FE996D3D" bold="true" box="[189,318,825,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
:—
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FEE8EC32FE5D6D3D" box="[354,506,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombiensis</emphasis>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FDCCEC32FD1F6D3D" box="[582,696,825,850]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A728C22FF37EC57FA3C687D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF37EC57FA3C687D" blockId="3.[136,1452,543,1554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF37EC57FE996D1A" bold="true" box="[189,318,860,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Comments</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FECCEC57FEF86D1A" box="[326,351,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">—</emphasis>
Other species with similar characteristics have been described, including
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FB00EC57FF5A6DF7" authority="S. T. Moss &amp; Lichtw." authorityName="S. T. Moss &amp; Lichtw." class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FB00EC57FA916D1A" box="[1162,1334,860,885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. microsporus</emphasis>
S.T. Moss &amp; Lichtw.
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FECCEC74FE0F6DF7" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[326,424,895,920]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
nymphs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FD91EC74FD7D6DF7" author="Lichtwardt, R. W." box="[539,730,895,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="213 - 215" refId="ref11922" refString="Lichtwardt, R. W. (1983) Gauthieromyces, a new genus of Harpellales based on Genistella microspora. Mycotaxon 17: 213 - 215." type="journal article" year="1983">Lichtwardt 1983</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FC94EC74FB636DF7" authority="J. K. Misra &amp; V. K. Tiwari" authorityName="J. K. Misra &amp; V. K. Tiwari" box="[798,1220,895,920]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FC94EC74FC336DF7" box="[798,916,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. indicus</emphasis>
J.K. Misra &amp; V.K. Tiwari
</taxonomicName>
from the same host family (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FF6BECA9FE7D6DD4" author="Misra, J. K. &amp; Tiwari, V. K." box="[225,474,930,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="94 - 98" refId="ref12920" refString="Misra, J. K. &amp; Tiwari, V. K. (2008) A new species of Gauthieromyces and range extensions for other Harpellales to India. Mycologia 100 (1): 94 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15572536.2008.11832501" type="journal article" year="2008">Misra &amp; Tiwari 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FE67ECA9FC996DD4" box="[493,830,930,955]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FE67ECA9FC996DD4" box="[493,830,930,955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gauthieromyces colombiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in the gut of
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FBD3ECA9FAB46DD4" box="[1113,1299,930,955]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Mayobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FBD3ECA9FB7B6DD4" box="[1113,1244,930,955]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mayobaetis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
nymphs, this being the first record of
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FE12ECCEFDBF6DB1" box="[408,536,965,990]" class="Kickxellomycetes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="order">Harpellales</taxonomicName>
in this genus of mayflies, which have a South American distribution. The species described here resembles most
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FE6FECE2FD356A6D" box="[485,658,1001,1026]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FE6FECE2FD356A6D" box="[485,658,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. microsporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be differentiated by the larger trichospores in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FB7DECE2FA0C6A6D" box="[1271,1451,1001,1026]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FB7DECE2FA0C6A6D" box="[1271,1451,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. colombiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(10–12 μm length in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FEF1EB07FD8E6A4A" box="[379,553,1036,1061]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FEF1EB07FD8E6A4A" box="[379,553,1036,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. microsporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FDFBEB07FD676A4A" box="[625,704,1036,1061]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">France</collectingCountry>
, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FCE8EB07FBAF6A4A" author="Gauthier, M." box="[866,1032,1036,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="225 - 227" refId="ref11079" refString="Gauthier, M. (1960) Un nouveau Trichomycete rameux parasite des larves de Baetis pumilus (Burm.). Trav Lab Hydrob et Pisc Univ Grenoble 51: 225 - 227." type="journal article" year="1960">Gauthier 1960</bibRefCitation>
; 6–7.5 μm length in specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FF02EB24FF1B6A27" box="[136,188,1071,1096]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Italy</collectingCountry>
, although probably immature, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FD37EB24FC316A27" author="Valle, L. G. &amp; Rossi, W. &amp; Santamaria, S." box="[701,918,1071,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="712 - 727" refId="ref14600" refString="Valle, L. G., Rossi, W. &amp; Santamaria, S. (2013) New species and new records of trichomycetes from Italy. Mycologia 105 (3): 712 - 727. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 12 - 184" type="journal article" year="2013">
Valle
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FC8BEB24FC9A6A27" box="[769,829,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
. Also, fertile branches in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FB4CEB24FAD96A27" box="[1222,1406,1071,1096]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FB4CEB24FAD96A27" box="[1222,1406,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. colombiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are highly prolific, producing more generative cells than described in
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FCE5EB59FB836A04" box="[879,1060,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FCE5EB59FB866A04" box="[879,1057,1106,1131]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">G. microsporus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Up to 5 generative cells per fertile branch were reported in specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FDB8EB7EFD786AE1" box="[562,735,1141,1166]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FDB8EB7EFD786AE1" box="[562,735,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. microsporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FCA9EB7EFCF16AE1" box="[803,854,1141,1166]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FCEFEB7EFB846AE1" author="Valle, L. G. &amp; Rossi, W. &amp; Santamaria, S." box="[869,1059,1141,1166]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="712 - 727" refId="ref14600" refString="Valle, L. G., Rossi, W. &amp; Santamaria, S. (2013) New species and new records of trichomycetes from Italy. Mycologia 105 (3): 712 - 727. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 12 - 184" type="journal article" year="2013">
Valle
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FC2DEB7EFC786AE1" box="[935,991,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
); up to
<quantity id="4CB530DC9A728C22FBFFEB7EFB076AE1" box="[1141,1184,1141,1166]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FAD5EB7EFA0C6AE1" box="[1375,1451,1141,1166]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FF05EB92FE916ADD" author="Gauthier, M." box="[143,310,1177,1202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="225 - 227" refId="ref11079" refString="Gauthier, M. (1960) Un nouveau Trichomycete rameux parasite des larves de Baetis pumilus (Burm.). Trav Lab Hydrob et Pisc Univ Grenoble 51: 225 - 227." type="journal article" year="1960">Gauthier 1960</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FECBEB92FE586ADD" author="Lichtwardt, R. W." box="[321,511,1177,1202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="213 - 215" refId="ref11922" refString="Lichtwardt, R. W. (1983) Gauthieromyces, a new genus of Harpellales based on Genistella microspora. Mycotaxon 17: 213 - 215." type="journal article" year="1983">Lichtwardt 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Propagules are formed in a similar way as described in other species of the genus, and also in species of the proximal genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FDE9EBB7FB2C6ABA" authority="L. Leger and M. Gauthier ex Manier" authorityName="Manier" box="[611,1163,1212,1237]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Graminella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FDE9EBB7FD436ABA" box="[611,740,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Graminella</emphasis>
L. Léger and M. Gauthier ex Manier
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FB10EBB7FA006ABA" author="Leger, L. &amp; Gauthier, M." box="[1178,1447,1212,1237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="27 - 29" refId="ref11848" refString="Leger, L. &amp; Gauthier, M. (1937) Graminella bulbosa nouveau genre d'Entophyte parasite des larves d'ephemerides du genre Baetis. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des Sciences 202: 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="1937">Léger &amp; Gauthier 1937</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FF02EBD4FEBE6A97" author="Manier, J. F." box="[136,281,1247,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="241 - 254" refId="ref12750" refString="Manier, J. F. (1962) Presence de Trichomycetes dans le rectum des larves d'Ephemeres des torrents du Massif du Neouvieille (Hautes- Pyrenees). Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle de Toulouse 97: 241 - 254." type="journal article" year="1962">Manier 1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FEA9EBD4FE386A97" author="Valle, L. G." box="[291,415,1247,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="442 - 455" refId="ref14078" refString="Valle, L. G. (2007) New species and summary of Iberian Harpellales. Mycologia 99 (3): 442 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15572536.2007.11832569" type="journal article" year="2007">Valle 2007</bibRefCitation>
). The propagules are produced from a stout basal cell, and detach to generate new thalli within the same host. In
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FEC6EA09FDA76B74" box="[332,512,1282,1307]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FEC6EA09FDA76B74" box="[332,512,1282,1307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. colombiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we have observed short rhizoid-like branches arising from the basal cell (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FACAEA09FA046B74" box="[1344,1443,1282,1307]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–10" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[178,1410,190,1911]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–10. Gauthieromyces colombiensis from Baetidae. 2. Thallus overview. 3–5. Basal cell with holdfast material and short rhizoid-like branches (arrows).6. Fertilebranches overview.7. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores on generative cells.Trichospore appendages observable inside the corresponding generative cells (arrows). 7b. Detail of an appendage inside a generative cell. 8. Loose trichospore with appendage. 9. Vegetative propagules attached to the basal cell (arrow). 10. Detail of the distal section of various propagules. Scale bar for Fig. 2 = 50 μm; for Figs 3–6, 9 = 25 μm; for Figs 7, 7b, 8, 10 = 10 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
) and directed towards the hindgut lining, a feature not described in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FCE6EA2EFBBE6B51" box="[876,1049,1317,1342]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FCE6EA2EFBBE6B51" box="[876,1049,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. microsporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These rhizoidal prolongations may contribute to anchoring the thallus to the hindgut lining. The Mexican species
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FC78EA42FF706BEA" authority="L. G. Valle, M. M. White &amp; Cafaro" authorityName="L. G. Valle, M. M. White &amp; Cafaro" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Graminella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="viviparus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FC78EA42FBDB6B0D" box="[1010,1148,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. viviparus</emphasis>
L.G. Valle, M.M. White &amp; Cafaro
</taxonomicName>
, had longer branches arising from the basal cell, similar to fertile branches (Valle
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FBECEA67FB396BEA" box="[1126,1182,1388,1413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2008), but not rhizoidal (and with apparently limited-growth) as in the Colombian species. The Asian species
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FBD8EA84FB616BC7" box="[1106,1222,1423,1448]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FBD8EA84FB616BC7" box="[1106,1222,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FF02EAB9FF656BA4" box="[136,194,1458,1483]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FF5AEAB9FE186BA4" author="Misra, J. K. &amp; Tiwari, V. K." box="[208,447,1458,1483]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="94 - 98" refId="ref12920" refString="Misra, J. K. &amp; Tiwari, V. K. (2008) A new species of Gauthieromyces and range extensions for other Harpellales to India. Mycologia 100 (1): 94 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15572536.2008.11832501" type="journal article" year="2008">Misra &amp; Tiwari 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and reported from Southern
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FC82EAB9FCEC6BA4" box="[776,843,1458,1483]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FCD3EAB9FBF96BA4" author="Strongman, D. B. &amp; Xu, S." box="[857,1118,1458,1483]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="479 - 487" refId="ref13794" refString="Strongman, D. B. &amp; Xu, S. (2006) Trichomycetes from China and the description of three new Smittium species. Mycologia 98 (3): 479 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15572536.2006.11832683" type="journal article" year="2006">Strongman &amp; Xu 2006</bibRefCitation>
), with the key character being the numerous trichospores arranged on fertile branches and the presence of many appendages in the trichospores (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A728C22FF1AEAF2FE32687D" author="Strongman, D. B. &amp; Xu, S." box="[144,405,1529,1554]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="479 - 487" refId="ref13794" refString="Strongman, D. B. &amp; Xu, S. (2006) Trichomycetes from China and the description of three new Smittium species. Mycologia 98 (3): 479 - 487. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15572536.2006.11832683" type="journal article" year="2006">Strongman &amp; Xu 2006</bibRefCitation>
), while only one appendage is present in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FCE9EAF2FBB7687D" box="[867,1040,1529,1554]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="microsporus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FCE9EAF2FBB7687D" box="[867,1040,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. microsporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FB94EAF2FB0F687D" box="[1054,1192,1529,1554]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Graminella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="viviparus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FB94EAF2FB0F687D" box="[1054,1192,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. viviparus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FB55EAF2FA3C687D" box="[1247,1435,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FB55EAF2FA30687D" box="[1247,1431,1529,1554]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiensis">G. colombiensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="F482230C36F5787AFD041601E19CEFCF">First record of trichomycetes associated with aquatic insects from Colombian Moorland and Andean forests</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A728C22FF02E93CFEC8681B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02E93CFBAC683D" blockId="3.[136,1035,1591,1618]" box="[136,1035,1591,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0BA2A559A728C22FF02E93CFBAC683D" box="[136,1035,1591,1618]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FF02E93CFCBD683D" authority="D.E. Baron &amp; L.G. Valle." authorityName="D. E. Baron &amp; L. G. Valle." authorityYear="2018" box="[136,794,1591,1618]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="santanderensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF02E93CFE52683D" bold="true" box="[136,501,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paramoebidium santanderensis</emphasis>
D.E. Baron &amp; L.G. Valle.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FCAAE932FCD2683D" box="[800,885,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20AFC509A728C22FCAAE932FCD2683D" box="[800,885,1593,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FC09E932FBA5683D" box="[899,1026,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1580,1601]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Paramoebidium santanderensis from Baetidae.12. Cylindrical thallus, with a basal discoid holdfast (arrow), attached to hindgut lining. 13. One cystospore in the bottom (arrow) before germination, the other (arrowhead) after germination. 14–16. Cystospores (spore mother-cells), after germination, which remain attached to the apex of the growing thallus." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 12–16</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02E954FEC8681B" blockId="3.[136,367,1631,1652]" box="[136,367,1631,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF02E954FF52681B" bold="true" box="[136,245,1631,1652]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mycobank</emphasis>
MB 825123
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A728C22FF02E9ABFD07692E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02E9ABFD016894" blockId="3.[136,1452,1694,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A728C22FF5CE9ABFEFD68DA" box="[214,346,1696,1717]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="498953DB9A728C22FEE8E9ABFE5268DA" box="[354,501,1696,1717]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SANTANDER</collectingRegion>
: California; Río San Francisco,
<geoCoordinate id="EE79FBFE9A728C22FCADE9ABFC1668DA" box="[807,945,1696,1717]" degrees="7" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="16.15" value="7.354486">7°21’16.15”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE79FBFE9A728C22FC31E9ABFBF368DA" box="[955,1108,1696,1717]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" seconds="23.05" value="-72.9564">72°57’23.05”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CB530DC9A728C22FBD7E9ABFB0D68DA" box="[1117,1194,1696,1717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.966" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="1966.0">1966 m</quantity>
.,
<date id="FFF3BBF99A728C22FB3DE9ABFA9468DA" box="[1207,1331,1696,1717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2016-05-08">8-May-2016</date>
.,
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FAC9E995FA0268DA" box="[1347,1445,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D. Baron</emphasis>
, prepared from
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FEECE9CAFDE168B7" box="[358,582,1729,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Camelobaetidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FEECE9CAFDBC68B7" box="[358,539,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Camelobaetidius</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FDD2E9CAFD5868B7" box="[600,767,1729,1752]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
) nymphs, Microscope slides FH-COL8–Tr21 (
<typeStatus id="54F6239B9A728C22FA87E9CAFAD568B7" box="[1293,1394,1729,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
here designed,
<collectionCode id="ED5C05FC9A728C22FEA0E9EFFEF36894" box="[298,340,1764,1787]" country="0" name="Fort Hays" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FH</collectionCode>
!),
<collectionCode id="ED5C05FC9A728C22FEE1E9EFFE056894" box="[363,418,1764,1787]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15629" name="Universidad Nacional de Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">COL</collectionCode>
8–Tr58 (
<typeStatus id="54F6239B9A728C22FE76E9EFFDEA6894" box="[508,589,1764,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED5C05FC9A728C22FDD2E9EFFD316894" box="[600,662,1764,1787]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14402" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14402" name="Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">BCB</collectionCode>
!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02E802FD07692E" blockId="3.[136,1452,1694,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF02E802FD8F6971" box="[136,552,1801,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FF72E802FD8F6971" box="[248,552,1801,1822]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="santanderensis">Paramoebidium santanderensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is characterized by the presence of a prominent terminal papilla, with an angular insertion in relation to the main thallial axis, which is straight.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A728C27FF02E861FC47689A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A728C22FF02E861FB38667E" blockId="3.[136,1452,1898,2065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FF02E861FEB569EC" bold="true" box="[136,274,1898,1923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
:—Thalli unbranched, cylindrical and straight, measuring 35–75 × 4.5–8 μm, with a conspicuous discoid holdfast, 2.4–5.3 μm diam (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FE4BE885FDCD69C8" box="[449,618,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1580,1601]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Paramoebidium santanderensis from Baetidae.12. Cylindrical thallus, with a basal discoid holdfast (arrow), attached to hindgut lining. 13. One cystospore in the bottom (arrow) before germination, the other (arrowhead) after germination. 14–16. Cystospores (spore mother-cells), after germination, which remain attached to the apex of the growing thallus." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 12, 14-16</figureCitation>
). Prominent elongated terminal papilla (spore mother-cell), 8–18.5 × 4.6– 7.4 μm, persistent, retaining the characteristics of the cystospore that originated the thallus, commonly delimited by an abrupt constriction (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FE19E8DFFDE06982" box="[403,583,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1580,1601]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Paramoebidium santanderensis from Baetidae.12. Cylindrical thallus, with a basal discoid holdfast (arrow), attached to hindgut lining. 13. One cystospore in the bottom (arrow) before germination, the other (arrowhead) after germination. 14–16. Cystospores (spore mother-cells), after germination, which remain attached to the apex of the growing thallus." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 12, 14, 16</figureCitation>
). Cystospores elongate, 7.5–18 μm (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FC64E8DFFBE46982" box="[1006,1091,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1580,1601]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Paramoebidium santanderensis from Baetidae.12. Cylindrical thallus, with a basal discoid holdfast (arrow), attached to hindgut lining. 13. One cystospore in the bottom (arrow) before germination, the other (arrowhead) after germination. 14–16. Cystospores (spore mother-cells), after germination, which remain attached to the apex of the growing thallus." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
, arrow). Cysts and amoeba not observed. Attached to the hindgut lining of
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FDE5E8F3FC8A667E" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1966" box="[623,813,2040,2065]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Camelobaetidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A728C22FDE5E8F3FC8A667E" box="[623,813,2040,2065]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Camelobaetidius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A728C22FCB1E8F3FC07667E" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[827,928,2040,2065]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
) sp. nymphs (
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A728C22FBB4E8F3FB36667E" box="[1086,1169,2040,2065]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1580,1601]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Paramoebidium santanderensis from Baetidae.12. Cylindrical thallus, with a basal discoid holdfast (arrow), attached to hindgut lining. 13. One cystospore in the bottom (arrow) before germination, the other (arrowhead) after germination. 14–16. Cystospores (spore mother-cells), after germination, which remain attached to the apex of the growing thallus." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF32CDB19A758C25FF02E886FCD06647" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[136,243,1933,1954]" targetBox="[178,1410,190,1911]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A758C25FF02E886FCD06647" blockId="4.[136,1451,1933,2088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FF02E886FE8C69CD" bold="true" box="[136,299,1933,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 2–10</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A758C25FEB0E886FDFA69CD" box="[314,605,1933,1954]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FEB0E886FDFA69CD" box="[314,605,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gauthieromyces colombiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A758C25FD17E886FD5669CD" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[669,753,1933,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FC8AE886FCAB69CD" bold="true" box="[768,780,1933,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</emphasis>
. Thallus overview.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FC58E886FC5069CD" bold="true" box="[978,1015,1933,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3–5</emphasis>
. Basal cell with holdfast material and short rhizoid-like branches (arrows).
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FE3BE8A4FE1A69AB" bold="true" box="[433,445,1967,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6</emphasis>
. Fertile branches overview.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FD4CE8A4FD7569AB" bold="true" box="[710,722,1967,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7</emphasis>
. Horseshoe-shaped trichospores on generative cells. Trichospore appendages observable inside the corresponding generative cells (arrows).
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FD63E8DBFCA5698A" bold="true" box="[745,770,2000,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7b</emphasis>
. Detail of an appendage inside a generative cell.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FB6FE8DBFB56698A" bold="true" box="[1253,1265,2000,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8</emphasis>
. Loose trichospore with appendage.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FEA7E8FAFE9E6669" bold="true" box="[301,313,2033,2054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9</emphasis>
. Vegetative propagules attached to the basal cell (arrow).
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FCE7E8FAFC2B6669" bold="true" box="[877,908,2033,2054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10.</emphasis>
Detail of the distal section of various propagules. Scale bar for Fig. 2 = 50 μm; for Figs 3
<emphasis id="B939412B9A758C25FE42E718FE736647" bold="true" box="[456,468,2067,2088]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">–</emphasis>
6, 9 = 25 μm; for Figs 7, 7b, 8, 10 = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF32CDB19A748C24FF02E8AAFCAB69B5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[277,1255,207,1890]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A748C24FF02E8AAFCAB69B5" blockId="5.[136,1452,1953,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A748C24FF02E8AAFEA269D9" bold="true" box="[136,261,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A748C24FE99E8AAFD9369D9" box="[275,564,1953,1974]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Gauthieromyces" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="colombiensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A748C24FE99E8AAFD9369D9" box="[275,564,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gauthieromyces colombiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A748C24FDFEE8AAFD6C69D9" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[628,715,1953,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
. Line drawing. Thallus overview.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A748C24FB97E8AAFB9F69D9" bold="true" box="[1053,1080,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bc</emphasis>
= basal cell.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A748C24FB32E8AAFB6869D9" bold="true" box="[1208,1231,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">gc</emphasis>
= generative cell.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A748C24FA08E8AAFA3969D9" bold="true" box="[1410,1438,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fb</emphasis>
= fertile branch.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A748C24FE9FE8CEFE8969B5" bold="true" box="[277,302,1989,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tr</emphasis>
= trichospore.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A748C24FE33E8CEFE7569B5" bold="true" box="[441,466,1989,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pr</emphasis>
= propagules. Scale bar= 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF32CDB19A778C27FF02E927FB9668E6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[136,243,1580,1601]" targetBox="[152,1436,190,1555]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A778C27FF02E927FB9668E6" blockId="6.[136,1452,1580,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FF02E927FE93682E" bold="true" box="[136,308,1580,1601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 12–16</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FEB4E927FDCB682E" box="[318,620,1580,1601]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="santanderensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FEB4E927FDCB682E" box="[318,620,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paramoebidium santanderensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FD2EE927FD5C682E" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[676,763,1580,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FC89E927FCBC682E" bold="true" box="[771,795,1580,1601]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12</emphasis>
. Cylindrical thallus, with a basal discoid holdfast (arrow), attached to hindgut lining.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FE90E95BFE9F680A" bold="true" box="[282,312,1616,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.</emphasis>
One cystospore in the bottom (arrow) before germination, the other (arrowhead) after germination.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FB65E95BFA8C680A" bold="true" box="[1263,1323,1616,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">14–16</emphasis>
. Cystospores (spore mother-cells), after germination, which remain attached to the apex of the growing thallus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A778C27FF02E993FC47689A" blockId="6.[136,1452,1580,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FF02E993FE9B68C2" bold="true" box="[136,316,1688,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 17–19</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FEDBE993FDDA68C2" box="[337,637,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FEDBE993FDDE68C2" box="[337,633,1688,1709]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Genistellospora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="homothallica">Genistellospora homothallica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FD4DE993FC9568C2" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[711,818,1688,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FCC9E993FCC568C2" bold="true" box="[835,866,1688,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.</emphasis>
Thallus overview with trichospores.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FB64E993FAA168C2" bold="true" box="[1262,1286,1688,1709]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">18</emphasis>
. Details of the zygosporophore (zp), Intermediate cell (ic) with thumb-like branch and terminal cell (tc).
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FC7EE9B7FBAB68BE" bold="true" box="[1012,1036,1724,1745]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">19</emphasis>
. Thallial branches from the basal cell, and discoid holdfast (arrows). Scale bar for
<figureCitation id="137681BC9A778C27FD8FE9EBFDD5689A" box="[517,626,1760,1781]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1580,1601]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[151,1436,190,1555]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. Paramoebidium santanderensis from Baetidae.12. Cylindrical thallus, with a basal discoid holdfast (arrow), attached to hindgut lining. 13. One cystospore in the bottom (arrow) before germination, the other (arrowhead) after germination. 14–16. Cystospores (spore mother-cells), after germination, which remain attached to the apex of the growing thallus." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 12–16</figureCitation>
, 18, 19 = 25 μm; for Fig. 17 = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A778C27FF37E82EFBA96951" box="[189,1038,1829,1854]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A778C27FF37E82EFBA96951" blockId="6.[136,1452,1829,2070]" box="[189,1038,1829,1854]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FF37E82EFE996951" bold="true" box="[189,318,1829,1854]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology</emphasis>
:—
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FEE8E82EFDAB6951" box="[354,524,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Santanderensis</emphasis>
, From the province of
<collectingRegion id="498953DB9A778C27FC85E82EFCD86951" box="[783,895,1829,1854]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Santander</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F35ADDA99A778C27FC07E82EFBA56951" box="[909,1026,1829,1854]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357CEB29A778C26FF37E842FB556F26" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF29D399A778C26FF37E842FB556F26" blockId="6.[136,1452,1829,2070]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,160,329]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FF37E842FE99690D" bold="true" box="[189,318,1865,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Comments</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FECEE842FEC7690D" box="[324,352,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">—</emphasis>
Young Thalli of
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FD92E842FC41690D" authority="L. G. Valle" authorityName="L. G. Valle" authorityYear="2014" box="[536,998,1865,1890]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="ecdyonuridae">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FD92E842FCCC690D" box="[536,875,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paramoebidium ecdyonuridae</emphasis>
L.G. Valle
</taxonomicName>
have similar characteristics, particularly for the presence of the terminal papilla (more discrete in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FC84E866FC6469E9" authorityName="L. G. Valle" authorityYear="2014" box="[782,963,1901,1926]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="ecdyonuridae">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FC84E866FC6469E9" box="[782,963,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. ecdyonuridae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the cylindrical and relatively straight thallus, which becomes bent when mature (Valle 2014). However, in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FCF1E89AFB7B69C5" box="[891,1244,1937,1962]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="santanderensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FCF1E89AFB7B69C5" box="[891,1244,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paramoebidium santanderensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the papilla should rather be called spore mother-cell, since it is the persistent cystospore which originated the thallus after germination. This phenomena is common in Eccrinales (the spore mother-cell being the sporangiospore), but not in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FA9AE8D2FA0B699D" box="[1296,1452,2009,2034]" order="Amoebidiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Amoebidiales</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A778C27FF05E8F6FEF66679" author="Lichtwardt, R. W." box="[143,337,2045,2070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="651 - 671" refId="ref12018" refString="Lichtwardt, R. W. (1986) Trichomycetes. In: Jones, E. B. G. (Ed.) Recent advances in aquatic mycology. pp. 651 - 671." type="book chapter" year="1986">Lichtwardt 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A778C27FEEDE8F6FD886679" box="[359,559,2045,2070]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="santanderensis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FEEDE8F6FEDF6679" box="[359,376,2045,2070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B939412B9A778C27FE02E8F6FD886679" box="[392,559,2045,2070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">santanderensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a discoid holdfast slightly narrower than the corresponding thallus, while being drastically tapered in
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A768C26FE31EFABFC066ED6" authority="(Valle 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Valle" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[443,929,160,185]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="ecdyonuridae">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A768C26FE31EFABFCAA6ED6" box="[443,781,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paramoebidium ecdyonuridae</emphasis>
(Valle 2014)
</taxonomicName>
. This is the first record of
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A768C26FB35EFABFAD46ED6" box="[1215,1395,160,185]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A768C26FB35EFABFAD46ED6" box="[1215,1395,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paramoebidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and trichomycetes) from
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A768C26FEFFEFCFFD0A6EB2" authority="Demoulin" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1966" box="[373,685,196,221]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Camelobaetidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A768C26FEFFEFCFFD946EB2" box="[373,563,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Camelobaetidius</emphasis>
Demoulin
</taxonomicName>
, a Panamerican genus of small minnow mayflies widely distributed in South America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A768C26FED1EFE3FDF66F6E" author="Salles, F. F. &amp; Serrao, J. E." box="[347,593,232,257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="267 - 279" refId="ref13565" refString="Salles, F. F. &amp; Serrao, J. E. (2005) The nymphs of the genus Camelobaetidius Demoulin (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Brazil: new species, new records, and key for the identification of the species. Annales de Limnologie 41: 267 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 200501" type="journal article" year="2005">Salles &amp; Serrão 2005</bibRefCitation>
). A recently described species,
<taxonomicName id="4C4DE6BA9A768C26FC24EFE3FF636F4A" authority="L. Busquets &amp; L. G. Valle" authorityName="L. Busquets &amp; L. G. Valle" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiidae" genus="Paramoebidium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Eccrinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="B939412B9A768C26FC24EFE3FB606F6E" box="[942,1223,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paramoebidium lateralis</emphasis>
L. Busquets &amp; L.G. Valle
</taxonomicName>
, can be differentiated from the new species described here by thallus structure and lateral holdfast, but may also retain the cystospores, observable as a spore-mother cell after thallial growth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCE0C89A768C26FC7EEE3BFB416F26" author="Busquets, L. &amp; Arranz, I. &amp; Panisello, M. &amp; Valle, L. G." box="[1012,1254,304,329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref10586" refString="Busquets, L., Arranz, I., Panisello, M. &amp; Valle, L. G. (2018) New Species of Harpellales and Amoebidiales from the N-E Iberian Peninsula, and thallial plasmogamy in a Paramoebidium species. Nova Hedw 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova _ hedwigia / 2018 / 0481" type="journal volume" year="2018">
Busquets
<emphasis id="B939412B9A768C26FBE9EE3BFB056F26" box="[1123,1186,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.,</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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324
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A.Moreira &amp; Sim.
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-Bianch.,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD37D7FDB0027C5789" bold="true" box="[723,813,628,653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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Type:—
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: Chapadão do Céu/Mineiros, Parque Nacional das Emas,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="FEC45035EA40FFAD3011FD5E04F457AB" box="[1301,1445,666,687]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" precision="1" seconds="22.6" value="-53.00628">53º00’22.6’’ W</geoCoordinate>
, 864 alt.,
<date id="EF4E1032EA40FFAD3415FD7A009B57D7" box="[273,458,702,723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="2012-12-13">13 December 2012</date>
,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD34D0FD7A032657D7" box="[468,631,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Moreira et al. 92</emphasis>
(
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CEN!,
<typeStatus id="444B8850EA40FFAD3627FD7A022357D7" box="[803,882,702,723]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA40FFAD367CFD7A02C857D7" box="[888,921,702,723]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
!, UB!).
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA40FFAD36E0FD7A057757D7" box="[996,1062,702,723]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1804,1825]" captionTargetBox="[203,1388,200,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[196,1391,187,1776]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bonamia krapovickasii A. Habit; B. Sepals; C. Detail of style in the flower; D. Style; E. Fruit. Drawn by ISABELA COUTO." pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA40FFAD3135FD7A056E57D7" box="[1073,1087,702,723]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1441,1462]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,187,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[181,1407,187,1413]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bonamia krapovickasii A. Habit [Photo: A. Moreira]; B. Frontal view of the flower [Photo: A. Moreira]; C. Pollen, polar view; D. Detail of pollen apertures." pageId="6" pageNumber="112">4</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD358CFCC00222568D" blockId="6.[136,1452,772,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD358CFCC000DB5619" box="[136,394,772,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krapovickasii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD358CFCC000DB5619" box="[136,394,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia krapovickasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD376DFCC0054A5619" authority="A. Moreira &amp; Sim." authorityName="A. Moreira &amp; Sim." box="[617,1051,772,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestris">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD376DFCC0021C5619" box="[617,845,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia campestris</emphasis>
A.Moreira &amp; Sim.
</taxonomicName>
-Bianch. (2017: 147) by its prostrate habit and elliptic lamina with a cuneate to rounded base and rounded apex, but differs in the densely tomentose leaves, the simple trichomes and the axillary cymes with 1–5 flowers, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD36C6FC8805F75661" box="[962,1190,844,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestris">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD36C6FC8805F75661" box="[962,1190,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia campestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the leaves are glabrous and the inflorescence terminal, glomerule-like with ca. 20 flowers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD35B9FC50030E5011" blockId="6.[136,1452,772,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
Prostrate herb, stems ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD34D8FC50035856A9" box="[476,521,916,941]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
long, tomentose, yellowish to ferruginous, trichomes simple; internodes ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD3077FC5004FA56A9" box="[1395,1451,916,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
long. Leaves petiolate, petiole ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD370FFC7C030956D5" box="[523,600,952,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
long, lamina 0–5 × 0.5–2.5(–4) cm, elliptic, base cuneate to rounded, apex rounded, mucronate, margin entire, eucamptodromous with 4 pairs of secondary veins, both surfaces densely tomentose, trichomes simple. Inflorescence composed of axillary cymes with 1–5 flowers, peduncles up to
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD31D7FBC4045D511D" box="[1235,1292,1024,1049]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long, hirsute; bracteoles ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD342CFBE000255139" box="[296,372,1060,1085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
long, lanceolate to filiform, apex acute to acuminate, trichomes tomentose, simple; pedicels
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD308DFBE001FB5165" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="0.4">0.4 cm</quantity>
long; outer sepals ca. 0.8 ×
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD34E8FB8C03275165" box="[492,630,1096,1121]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, pilose, inner sepals narrowly lanceolate, persistent in fruit; corolla ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD34DCFBA803775181" box="[472,550,1132,1157]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
long, the limb
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD37D2FBA8025F5181" box="[726,782,1132,1157]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
diam., infundibuliform, white, midpetaline bands pilose to sericeous; stamens 5, unequal, white, three ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD37A7FB5403B751AD" box="[675,742,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long, two
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD3660FB5402F651AD" box="[868,935,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, anthers ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD3170FB5405E651AD" box="[1140,1207,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, cream, oblong; pollen 3-colpate, apertural membrane ornamented with small spiny ubisch bodies (
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA40FFAD3123FB7005FD51C9" box="[1063,1196,1204,1229]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1441,1462]" captionTargetBox="[181,1407,187,1413]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[181,1407,187,1413]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bonamia krapovickasii A. Habit [Photo: A. Moreira]; B. Frontal view of the flower [Photo: A. Moreira]; C. Pollen, polar view; D. Detail of pollen apertures." pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Figs. 4C, D</figureCitation>
); ovary fusiform, style divided to the base into 2 equal branches; stigma globose. Capsule ovoid, 1 ×
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD3102FB1C053151F5" box="[1030,1120,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, apiculate, trichomes hirsute, simple; seeds
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD3421FB3800375011" box="[293,358,1276,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous, black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD35B9FAE4008E50CD" blockId="6.[136,1452,772,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<materialsCitation id="2B983CAFEA40FFAD35B9FAE403AA5059" collectingDate="1998-09-01" collectionCode="SP" collectorName="Batalha" country="Brazil" county="Chapadao do Ceu" location="Parque Nacional" municipality="Mineiros" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Goias">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35B9FAE403BA503D" bold="true" box="[189,747,1311,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<typeStatus id="444B8850EA40FFAD35B9FAE40367503D" box="[189,566,1312,1337]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
(
<typeStatus id="444B8850EA40FFAD3740FAE40390503D" box="[580,705,1312,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD37CBFADB03BA503D" bold="true" box="[719,747,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">—</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E3E77662EA40FFAD37EFFAE40205503D" box="[747,852,1312,1337]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA40FFAD3659FAE402F2503D" box="[861,931,1312,1337]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Goiás</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="722E4E7EEA40FFAD36A9FAE40524503D" box="[941,1141,1312,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Chapadão do Céu</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7B2BAC88EA40FFAD3184FAE405B9503D" box="[1152,1256,1312,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Mineiros</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9E2F6029EA40FFAD31F6FAE404FA503D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:135987E4EA40FFAD358CFDB603D752C5:9E2F6029EA40FFAD31F6FAE404FA503D" box="[1266,1451,1312,1337]" country="Brazil" county="Chapadao do Ceu" municipality="Mineiros" name="Parque Nacional" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Goias">Parque Nacional</location>
das
<location id="9E2F6029EA40FFAD35B2FA8001A65059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:135987E4EA40FFAD358CFDB603D752C5:9E2F6029EA40FFAD35B2FA8001A65059" box="[182,247,1348,1373]" country="Brazil" county="Chapadao do Ceu" municipality="Mineiros" name="Emas" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Goias">Emas</location>
,
<date id="EF4E1032EA40FFAD3400FA8000865059" box="[260,471,1348,1373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1998-09-01">
<collectingDate id="FF0AE9DAEA40FFAD3400FA8000865059" box="[260,471,1348,1373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1998-09-01">1 September 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD34E0FA8003EC5059" box="[484,701,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
M.A.
<collectorName id="36055324EA40FFAD3727FA80032D5059" box="[547,636,1348,1373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Batalha</collectorName>
1876
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA40FFAD37CAFA8003A05059" box="[718,753,1348,1373]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="2B983CAFEA40FFAD360CFA80041F5059" box="[776,1358,1348,1373]" collectingDate="1998-11-01" collectionCode="SP" collectorName="Batalha" country="Brazil" county="Chapadao do Ceu" location="Parque Nacional" municipality="Mineiros" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
ibid.,
<date id="EF4E1032EA40FFAD364FFA80057B5059" box="[843,1066,1348,1373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1998-11-01">
<collectingDate id="FF0AE9DAEA40FFAD364FFA80057B5059" box="[843,1066,1348,1373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1998-11-01">01 November 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD3133FA8004415059" box="[1079,1296,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
M.A.
<collectorName id="36055324EA40FFAD3172FA80059E5059" box="[1142,1231,1348,1373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Batalha</collectorName>
1967
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA40FFAD3025FA8004155059" box="[1313,1348,1348,1373]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="2B983CAFEA40FFAD305FFA8003315085" collectingDate="1998-12-08" collectionCode="SP" collectorName="Batalha" country="Brazil" county="Chapadao do Ceu" location="Parque Nacional" municipality="Mineiros" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD305FFA8004DF5059" box="[1371,1422,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">ibid.</emphasis>
,
<date id="EF4E1032EA40FFAD3099FA80006E5085" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1998-12-08">
<collectingDate id="FF0AE9DAEA40FFAD3099FA80006E5085" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1998-12-08">8 December 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD344FFAAC03725085" box="[331,547,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
M.A.
<collectorName id="36055324EA40FFAD348EFAAC00B25085" box="[394,483,1384,1409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Batalha</collectorName>
2335
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA40FFAD3730FAAC03065085" box="[564,599,1384,1409]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="2B983CAFEA40FFAD3769FAAC01EC50CD" collectingDate="1970-01-29" collectingDateMax="1999-01-03" collectingDateMin="1970-01-29" collectionCode="SP, UB" collectorName="Batalha &amp; Irwin &amp; Itirapina, O. F. P &amp; Garcia" country="Brazil" county="Chapadao do Ceu" location="Morro das Pedras" municipality="Mineiros" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD3769FAAC03F15085" box="[621,672,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">ibid.</emphasis>
,
<date id="EF4E1032EA40FFAD37ABFAAC02315085" box="[687,864,1384,1409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1999-01-03">
<collectingDate id="FF0AE9DAEA40FFAD37ABFAAC02315085" box="[687,864,1384,1409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1999-01-03">3 January 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD3669FAAC05145085" box="[877,1093,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
M.A.
<collectorName id="36055324EA40FFAD36A8FAAC05545085" box="[940,1029,1384,1409]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Batalha</collectorName>
2612
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA40FFAD3152FAAC052B5085" box="[1110,1146,1384,1409]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA40FFAD318AFAAC047B5085" box="[1166,1322,1384,1409]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="9E2F6029EA40FFAD3032FAAC018750A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:135987E4EA40FFAD358CFDB603D752C5:9E2F6029EA40FFAD3032FAAC018750A1" country="Brazil" name="Morro das Pedras" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Morro das Pedras</location>
,
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD35E4FA48007650A1" box="[224,295,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="km" value="26.0">26 km</quantity>
N.
<locationDeviation id="8AFD2FD0EA40FFAD3443FA4800A550A1" box="[327,500,1420,1445]" location="Patrocinio" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">E de Patrocínio</locationDeviation>
<date id="EF4E1032EA40FFAD34FFFA4803E750A1" box="[507,694,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1970-01-29">
<collectingDate id="FF0AE9DAEA40FFAD34FFFA4803E750A1" box="[507,694,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" value="1970-01-29">29 January 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD37C4FA4802E650A1" box="[704,951,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
H.S.
<collectorName id="36055324EA40FFAD37F3FA48026550A1" box="[759,820,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Irwin</collectorName>
et al 25578
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA40FFAD36C2FA4802A350A1" box="[966,1010,1420,1445]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">UB</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA40FFAD3101FA48052850A1" box="[1029,1145,1420,1445]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="36055324EA40FFAD3187FA48046550A1" box="[1155,1332,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
Itirapina,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD31F4FA48046550A1" box="[1264,1332,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">O.F.P</emphasis>
</collectorName>
.
<collectorName id="36055324EA40FFAD303FFA4804DC50A1" box="[1339,1421,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Garcia</collectorName>
47 (
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA40FFAD3595FA7401E550CD" box="[145,180,1456,1481]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="2B983CAFEA40FFAD35CDFA74008D50CD" box="[201,476,1456,1481]" collectingDate="1970-01-29" collectingDateMax="1999-01-03" collectingDateMin="1970-01-29" collectionCode="SP" collectorName="Cesar" country="Brazil" county="Chapadao do Ceu" location="Morro das Pedras" municipality="Mineiros" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35CDFA7400CE50CD" box="[201,415,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
ibid., O.
<collectorName id="36055324EA40FFAD342FFA74003F50CD" box="[299,366,1456,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Cesar</collectorName>
394
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA40FFAD34ABFA74008250CD" box="[431,467,1456,1481]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto de Botânica" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="Herbarium">SP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3EA6579EA40FFAD35B9FA10026B535D" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD35B9FA10026B535D" blockId="6.[136,1452,772,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35B9FA10006F50E9" bold="true" box="[189,318,1492,1517]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Etymology</emphasis>
: This species is named in honor to the Argentinian botanist Dr. Antonio Krapovickas, a taxonomist of great relevance to the flora of South America and specialist in the taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD3117FA3C05DD5315" box="[1043,1164,1528,1553]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD31C1FA3C042C5315" box="[1221,1405,1528,1553]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
. Dr. Krapovickas named many
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD34BEF9D8033F5331" box="[442,622,1564,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E3E77662EA40FFAD37B1F9D802755331" box="[693,804,1564,1589]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E3E77662EA40FFAD365BF9D802F25331" box="[863,931,1564,1589]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Brazil</collectingCountry>
on visits to the SP Herbarium, during one of which he suggested that this species could be something new.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3EA6579EA40FFAD35B9F9A003D752C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD35B9F9A0004C53C1" blockId="6.[136,1452,772,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35B9F9A000A25379" bold="true" box="[189,499,1636,1661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD34F9F9A002525379" box="[509,771,1636,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krapovickasii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD34F9F9A002525379" box="[509,771,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia krapovickasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado. It is known from the Parque Nacional das Emas in
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA40FFAD34D6F94C034253A5" box="[466,531,1672,1697]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Goiás</collectingRegion>
on the border with the
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA40FFAD3616F94C02BE53A5" box="[786,1007,1672,1697]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
and also in
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA40FFAD3176F94C045653A5" box="[1138,1287,1672,1697]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA40FFAD3038F94C04FD53A5" box="[1340,1452,1672,1697]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
states.
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA40FFAD35D0F968004953C1" box="[212,280,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,2041,2062]" captionTargetBox="[218,1382,400,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-86@5.[151,1436,350,2013]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Bonamia austinii and Bonamia krapovickasii" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD35B9F91402C253ED" blockId="6.[136,1452,772,1985]" box="[189,915,1744,1769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35B9F914001253ED" bold="true" box="[189,323,1744,1769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Phenology:</emphasis>
Flowers and fruits are recorded from March to May.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD35B9F93003D752C5" blockId="6.[136,1452,772,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35B9F93000EA5209" bold="true" box="[189,443,1780,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Conservation Status:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD34C1F930039A5209" box="[453,715,1780,1805]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krapovickasii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD34C1F930039A5209" box="[453,715,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia krapovickasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD3197F930041C5209" box="[1171,1357,1780,1805]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5507326" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="km" value="255073.26">255,073.260 km</quantity>
² and an area of occupancy (AOO) of
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD34D7F8DC031D5235" box="[467,588,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="km" value="20.0">20.000 km</quantity>
² (GeoCAT 2018). Both values suggests that this taxon is threatened because of its restricted range. This indicates that
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD375DF8F8020C5251" box="[601,861,1852,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krapovickasii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD375DF8F8020C5251" box="[601,861,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia krapovickasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fulfils conservation criteria EN B2ab (i,ii,iii) and its conservation status falls within the (EN) endangered category (IUCN 2012). Several populations were observed in an area with great anthropic pressure in
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA40FFAD3729F84003B35299" box="[557,738,1924,1949]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
, but one of the recorded sites lies in the Emas National Park, a very important reserve in the Cerrado Biome.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

313
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@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
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<mods:title id="564F6B2E3D8E57CA5D4DAFAFA2EA93E1">Two new species of Bonamia (Convolvulaceae) endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA47FFAA358CFE7003BD54CB" blockId="1.[136,748,436,463]" box="[136,748,436,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA47FFAA358CFE70037454CB" ID-CoL="MGZG" authority="A. Moreira &amp; Sim." authorityName="A. Moreira &amp; Sim." box="[136,549,436,463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA47FFAA358CFE70000154CA" bold="true" box="[136,336,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Bonamia austinii</emphasis>
A.Moreira &amp; Sim.
</taxonomicName>
-Bianch.,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA47FFAA3796FE7203BD54CB" bold="true" box="[658,748,438,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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:
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.
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:
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, margem da DF-290, saída para
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, 16º01’’S
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,
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,
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et al.
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5048. (
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: IBGE!;
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:
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!, MO photo!).
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA47FFAA37ABFDC403BB5711" box="[687,746,512,533]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,2026,2047]" captionTargetBox="[329,1311,556,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-105@1.[247,1339,556,1998]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bonamia austinii A.Moreira &amp; Sim.-Bianch.A. Habit; B. Seed; C. Fruit; D. Leaf detail; E. Style; F. Flower. Drawn by DARLI NUZA." pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
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.
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<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA47FFAA358CF82E01835D27" blockId="1.[136,1451,2026,2083]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA47FFAA358CF82E01AC52FB" bold="true" box="[136,253,2026,2047]" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA47FFAA3405F82E030852FB" authority="A. Moreira &amp; Sim." authorityName="A. Moreira &amp; Sim." box="[257,601,2026,2047]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA47FFAA3405F82E00F452FB" box="[257,421,2026,2047]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="107">Bonamia austinii</emphasis>
A.Moreira &amp; Sim.
</taxonomicName>
-Bianch. A. Habit; B. Seed; C. Fruit; D. Leaf detail; E. Style; F. Flower. Drawn by DARLI NUZA.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CF8F667AEA44FFA9358CF85603E252CF" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" startId="2.[136,229,1938,1959]" targetBox="[208,1379,187,1910]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA44FFA9358CF85603E252CF" blockId="2.[136,1452,1938,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA44FFA9358CF85601AC52A3" bold="true" box="[136,253,1938,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="108">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA44FFA93406F85600F752A3" box="[258,422,1938,1959]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA44FFA93406F85600F752A3" box="[258,422,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="108">Bonamia austinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. Frontal view of the flower. [Photo: H. Moreira]; B. Side view of flower [Photo: M. R. Zanatta]; C. Style, D: Seed; E. Pollen, polar view; F. Pollen, equatorial view.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA45FFA8358CF8C801B05241" blockId="3.[136,1451,1804,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA45FFA8358CF8C800535225" bold="true" box="[136,258,1804,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="109">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA45FFA8340FF8C8031E5225" authority="A. Habit" authorityName="A. Habit" box="[267,591,1804,1825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krapovickasii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA45FFA8340FF8C800BC5225" box="[267,493,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="109">Bonamia krapovickasii</emphasis>
A. Habit
</taxonomicName>
; B. Sepals; C. Detail of style in the flower; D. Style; E. Fruit. Drawn by ISABELA COUTO.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA45FFA835B9F8B104225D1A" blockId="3.[136,1452,1909,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA45FFA835B9F8B1002C528A" box="[189,381,1909,1934]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA45FFA835B9F8B1002C528A" box="[189,381,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="109">Bonamia austinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the erect to decumbent habit, greenish to ferruginous, sericeous leaves, fewflowered cymes and tomentose sepals. The species is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA45FFA83115F85D005A52D2" authority="(Griseb.) Hallier f., (1893: 528)" authorityName="Hallier f." authorityPageNumber="528" authorityYear="1893" baseAuthorityName="Griseb." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericea">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA45FFA83115F85D059F52B6" box="[1041,1230,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="109">Bonamia sericea</emphasis>
(Griseb.) Hallier f., (1893: 528)
</taxonomicName>
but differs by having internodes
<quantity id="5C089B17EA45FFA8377DF87903FE52D2" box="[633,687,1981,2006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="109" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long., the leaves with 3–4 pairs of secondary veins, brown seeds and the style divided nearly in the middle into 2 unequal branches, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA45FFA836D3F825051852FE" box="[983,1097,2017,2042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sericea">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA45FFA836D3F825051852FE" box="[983,1097,2017,2042]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="109">B. sericea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the internodes are short,
<quantity id="5C089B17EA45FFA8306EF82504FD52FE" box="[1386,1452,2017,2042]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, the leaves with 4–6 pairs of secondary veins, styles unequal, bifid above middle and black seeds, glabrous.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CF8F667AEA42FFAF358CFA65008C50DE" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" startId="4.[136,229,1441,1462]" targetBox="[181,1407,187,1413]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA42FFAF358CFA65008C50DE" blockId="4.[136,1451,1441,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA42FFAF358CFA6501AE50B2" bold="true" box="[136,255,1441,1462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA42FFAF3403FA65031050B2" authority="A. Habit" authorityName="A. Habit" box="[263,577,1441,1462]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krapovickasii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA42FFAF3403FA6500B750B2" box="[263,486,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">Bonamia krapovickasii</emphasis>
A. Habit
</taxonomicName>
[Photo: A. Moreira]; B. Frontal view of the flower [Photo: A. Moreira]; C. Pollen, polar view; D. Detail of pollen apertures.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA42FFAF35B9F9CE033B52AB" blockId="4.[136,1452,1546,2075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">
Subshrub ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF345BF9CE00F85327" box="[351,425,1546,1571]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
high, stems erect or decumbent, greenish to ferruginous, tomentose, trichomes simple; internodes
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF3401F9EA006C5343" box="[261,317,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long. Leaves sessile to subsessile, petiole up to
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF3665F9EA02E95343" box="[865,952,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long, lamina 1–4.5 ×
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF31B7F9EA04655343" box="[1203,1332,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to rounded, shortly mucronate, margin entire, eucamptodromous, secondary veins 3–4 pairs, shortly sericeous on both surfaces. Inflorescence composed of axillary cymes with 1–3 flowers; peduncles
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF3466F95E00EE53B7" box="[354,447,1690,1715]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0–3 mm</quantity>
long, tomentose; bracteoles ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF362CF95E023853B7" box="[808,873,1690,1715]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, acicular to narrowly oblong, apex acuminate, tomentose, persistent; pedicels
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF34ECF97A032153D3" box="[488,624,1726,1751]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
long, tomentose; outer sepals ca. 0.6 ×
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF3136F97A05ED53D3" box="[1074,1212,1726,1751]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate, concave, apex acute, tomentose with simple trichomes; inner sepals ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF364BF92602F653FF" box="[847,935,1762,1787]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long; corolla ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF316BF92605F953FF" box="[1135,1192,1762,1787]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
long, infundibuliform, white, mid-petaline bands sericeous with simple trichomes; stamens 5, unequal, white, 3 short, ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF31D3F8C20449521B" box="[1239,1304,1798,1823]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, 2 long, ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF35ABF8EE00545247" box="[175,261,1834,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
long, anthers ca.
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF34CEF8EE035A5247" box="[458,523,1834,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, cream, oblong; pollen 3-colpate, apertural membrane ornamented with small spiny ubisch bodies (
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA42FFAF347CF88A00A15263" box="[376,496,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,187,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[208,1379,187,1911]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bonamia austinii A. Frontal view of the flower. [Photo: H. Moreira]; B. Side view of flower [Photo: M. R. Zanatta]; C. Style, D: Seed; E. Pollen, polar view; F. Pollen, equatorial view." pageId="4" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
); ovary comose, style pilose, divided near to the middle into 2 branches of different lengths (
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA42FFAF35EDF8B60013528F" box="[233,322,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,187,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[208,1379,187,1911]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bonamia austinii A. Frontal view of the flower. [Photo: H. Moreira]; B. Side view of flower [Photo: M. R. Zanatta]; C. Style, D: Seed; E. Pollen, polar view; F. Pollen, equatorial view." pageId="4" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
), stigmas globose. Capsule 10 ×
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF37B3F8B60241528F" box="[695,784,1906,1931]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
, ovoid, apiculate, sericeous, trichomes simple; seeds
<quantity id="5C089B17EA42FFAF306EF8B604FD528F" box="[1386,1452,1906,1931]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, ellipsoid, glabrous, brown (
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA42FFAF34F8F852030C52AB" box="[508,605,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,187,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[208,1379,187,1911]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bonamia austinii A. Frontal view of the flower. [Photo: H. Moreira]; B. Side view of flower [Photo: M. R. Zanatta]; C. Style, D: Seed; E. Pollen, polar view; F. Pollen, equatorial view." pageId="4" pageNumber="110">Fig. 2 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA42FFAF35B9F87E02B85D1F" blockId="4.[136,1452,1546,2075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA42FFAF35B9F87E03AE52D7" bold="true" box="[189,767,1977,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="444B8850EA42FFAF375DF87E038752D7" box="[601,726,1978,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA42FFAF37E7F87D03AE52D7" bold="true" box="[739,767,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">—</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E3E77662EA42FFAF37FBF87E023952D7" box="[767,872,1978,2003]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA42FFAF367DF87E056252D7" box="[889,1075,1978,2003]" country="Brazil" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">Distrito Federal</collectingRegion>
: Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas,
<geoCoordinate id="FEC45035EA42FFAF3463F81A00A152F3" box="[359,496,2014,2039]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" precision="15" seconds="17" value="-15.554723">15°33’17’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FEC45035EA42FFAF34FCF81A03D652F3" box="[504,647,2014,2039]" degrees="47" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-47.559998">47°33’36”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EF4E1032EA42FFAF3797F81A026252F3" box="[659,819,2014,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" value="2012-04-06">06 April 2012</date>
,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA42FFAF363BF81A056252F3" box="[831,1075,2014,2039]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">Zanatta &amp; Silva 1285</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA42FFAF3147F81A053E52F3" box="[1091,1135,2014,2039]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">UB</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA42FFAF3187F81A059852F3" box="[1155,1225,2014,2039]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">Goiás</collectingRegion>
: Luziânia, planta de cerrado seco, sujeito a fogo,
<date id="EF4E1032EA42FFAF34CDF7C603C25D1F" box="[457,659,2050,2075]" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" value="1947-02-02">02 February 1947</date>
,
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA42FFAF379AF7C602035D1F" box="[670,850,2050,2075]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="110">Heringer 14477</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="FDE1AE37EA42FFAF3665F7C602F65D1F" box="[865,935,2050,2075]" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15833" name="Reserva Ecológica do IBGE" pageId="4" pageNumber="110" type="Herbarium">IBGE</collectionCode>
, UB).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3EA6579EA43FFAE35B9FF5B052955D8" pageId="5" pageNumber="111" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA43FFAE35B9FF5B052955D8" blockId="5.[136,1451,159,292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA43FFAE35B9FF5B001955BC" bold="true" box="[189,328,159,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named in honor of Dr. Daniel Frank Austin for his valuable contributions to the taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA43FFAE358CFF07006E55D8" box="[136,319,195,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
, and especially for his friendship and willingness to share his knowledge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D3EA6579EA43FFAD35B9FF2302F45741" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="5" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA43FFAE35B9FF2304CD5420" blockId="5.[136,1451,159,292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA43FFAE35B9FF2300BA5404" bold="true" box="[189,491,231,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
This species is known from the
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA43FFAE365AFF23055D5404" box="[862,1036,231,256]" country="Brazil" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">Distrito Federal</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="5934F810EA43FFAE3142FF2305905404" box="[1094,1217,231,256]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">Goiás state</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="E3E77662EA43FFAE31EDFF23047D5404" box="[1257,1324,231,256]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">Brazil</collectingCountry>
in areas of altered cerrado subjected to fire. It was collected with flowers in February and May with fruits recorded in May.
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA43FFAE3052FECF04C95420" box="[1366,1432,267,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[136,229,2041,2062]" captionTargetBox="[218,1382,400,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-86@5.[151,1436,350,2013]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Bonamia austinii and Bonamia krapovickasii" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CF8F667AEA43FFAE358CF83D02195D0A" box="[136,840,2041,2062]" pageId="5" pageNumber="111" startId="5.[136,229,2041,2062]" targetBox="[218,1382,400,1996]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA43FFAE358CF83D02195D0A" blockId="5.[136,840,2041,2062]" box="[136,840,2041,2062]" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA43FFAE358CF83D01AC5D0A" bold="true" box="[136,253,2041,2062]" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA43FFAE3493F83D036D5D0A" box="[407,572,2041,2062]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA43FFAE3493F83D036D5D0A" box="[407,572,2041,2062]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="111">Bonamia austinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA43FFAE376FF83D02195D0A" box="[619,840,2041,2062]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="krapovickasii">Bonamia krapovickasii</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD35B9FF6400AC5469" blockId="6.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35B9FF6400ED55BD" bold="true" box="[189,444,160,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Conservation Status:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD34C2FF6403D855BD" box="[454,649,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD34C2FF6403D855BD" box="[454,649,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia austinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD3150FF6405A355BD" box="[1108,1266,160,185]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1019729999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="km" value="1101.973">1,101.973 km</quantity>
² and an area of occupancy (AOO) of
<quantity id="5C089B17EA40FFAD347AFF00009755D9" box="[382,454,196,221]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
² (GeoCAT 2018). Both values suggest that this taxon is under immediate threat because of its restricted range. This indicates that
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD3761FF2C038A5405" box="[613,731,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD3761FF2C038A5405" box="[613,731,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">B. austinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fulfils conservation criteria B1ab (i,ii,iii) + 2ab (i,ii,iii) and its conservation status falls within the (EN) endangered category (IUCN 2012). It is important to note that the records are cited for fully conserved areas, one of the records is in the area Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas which is an environmental conservation area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B4F36F2EA40FFAD35B9FEBC02F45741" blockId="6.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35B9FEBC00585495" bold="true" box="[189,265,376,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Notes:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD3415FEBC00805495" box="[273,465,376,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD3415FEBC00805495" box="[273,465,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia austinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as an unidentified species of
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD36A1FEBC05425495" box="[933,1043,376,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Evolvulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD36A1FEBC05425495" box="[933,1043,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Evolvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. in some herbaria, and sometimes identified as
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD341FFE58023154B1" authority="(Meisn.) Hallier f. (1893: 543)" authorityName="Hallier f." authorityPageNumber="543" authorityYear="1893" baseAuthorityName="Meisn." box="[283,864,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Jacquemontia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD341FFE5800AD54B1" box="[283,508,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Jacquemontia fusca</emphasis>
(Meisn.) Hallier f. (1893: 543)
</taxonomicName>
in others. However,
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD314AFE58044154B1" box="[1102,1296,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Bonamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="austinii">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD314AFE58044154B1" box="[1102,1296,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Bonamia austinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD3468FE04009754DD" box="[364,454,448,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Jacquemontia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD3468FE04009754DD" box="[364,454,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">J. fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a pedunculate inflorescence with one to three flowers, sericeous midpetaline bands, apiculate fruits and the style divided in two branches each with a globose stigma (
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA40FFAD300BFE20040F54F9" box="[1295,1374,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,2026,2047]" captionTargetBox="[329,1311,556,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-105@1.[247,1339,556,1998]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bonamia austinii A.Moreira &amp; Sim.-Bianch.A. Habit; B. Seed; C. Fruit; D. Leaf detail; E. Style; F. Flower. Drawn by DARLI NUZA." pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="03CB2A77EA40FFAD3069FE20042F54F9" box="[1389,1406,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1938,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1379,187,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[208,1379,187,1911]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bonamia austinii A. Frontal view of the flower. [Photo: H. Moreira]; B. Side view of flower [Photo: M. R. Zanatta]; C. Style, D: Seed; E. Pollen, polar view; F. Pollen, equatorial view." pageId="6" pageNumber="112">2</figureCitation>
). In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="5CF04D71EA40FFAD35F6FDCC00845725" box="[242,469,520,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Jacquemontia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="A984EAE0EA40FFAD35F6FDCC00845725" box="[242,469,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="112">Jacquemontia fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the sessile flowers in a spiciform inflorescence, the corolla with sparsely pilose midpetaline bands, and an entire style with the two linguiform stigmas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="68AA4014E390B03171EDEC7B95F6D843">Printed, or just indelible? On the earliest legitimate names, authorship and typification of the taxa described from Italy by Huter, Porta and / or Rigo</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="63EF4D61487AFFEAFF28B2C0CDFCFF02" ID-CoL="5BCWT" authority="R. Uechtr. &amp; Huter ex Huter (1905: 81)" authorityName="R. Uechtr. &amp; Huter ex Huter" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1905" box="[136,737,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serinica">
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFF28B2C0CE3BFF03" bold="true" box="[136,294,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Vicia serinica</emphasis>
R.Uechtr. &amp; Huter ex
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<paragraph id="A45036E2487AFFEAFF28B298CD9EFE34" blockId="5.[136,1453,198,399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFF28B298CFA7FF60" bold="true" box="[136,186,198,219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Type</emphasis>
(
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, designated here):—
<collectingCountry id="DCF87672487AFFEAFE46B298CD33FF60" box="[486,558,198,219]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">ITALY</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="662BF800487AFFEAFD97B298CD95FF60" box="[567,648,198,219]" country="Italy" name="Basilicata" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Lucania</collectingRegion>
: in erectis arenos. partis septentr. montis Papa in Serino, unico loco abundante, sol. mixto – calcar. schist,
<quantity id="63179B07487AFFEAFE31B2B4CEC7FF44" box="[401,474,234,255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.106" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="2106.0">2106 m</quantity>
c.,
<date id="D0511022487AFFEAFE5BB2B4CD6AFF44" box="[507,631,234,255]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" value="1877-07-14">14 July 1877</date>
,
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Huter, Porta, Rigo, ex itinere
<taxonomicName id="63EF4D61487AFFEAFC39B2B4CB11FF44" authority="III N" authorityName="III N" box="[921,1036,234,255]" genus="Iter" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="italico">italico III N</taxonomicName>
° 457
</emphasis>
(
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barcode
<collectionCode id="C2FEAE27487AFFEAFB15B2B4CBD7FF44" box="[1205,1226,234,255]" country="Italy" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">FI</collectionCode>
001652 [digital image!, available at http://parlatore.msn.unifi.it/types].
<typeStatus id="7B548840487AFFEAFD23B350CC1BFE98" box="[643,774,270,291]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="isolectotype">Isolectotypes</typeStatus>
:
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barcodes
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001650 [digital image!],
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001651 [digital image!],
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barcode
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00006823 [digital image!],
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barcode
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454520 [digital image!],
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No. 1880–0002721 [digital image!], W-Rchb. No. 1889–0048173 [digital image!],
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–Rchb. No. 1889–0055182 [digital image!],
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–Rchb. No. 1889–0058994 [digital image!],
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–Rchb. No. 1889–0059563 [digital image!]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A45036E2487AFFEAFF28B39ECE01FD42" blockId="5.[136,1452,448,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFF28B39ECE9CFE62" bold="true" box="[136,385,448,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Nomenclatural notes</emphasis>
:—In the protologue, the author quotes the Huter, Porta &amp; Rigo’s collection n. 457 of “
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFAC2B39ECFEBFE46" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
Itinere
<taxonomicName id="63EF4D61487AFFEAFF28B3BACFEBFE46" authority="III" authorityName="III" box="[136,246,484,509]" genus="Iter" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="italico">italico III</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
” and the Rigo’s collection n. 492 (the number 1192 is a typographic error) of “
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFB3FB3BACA85FE46" box="[1183,1432,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="63EF4D61487AFFEAFB3FB3BACA33FE46" box="[1183,1326,484,509]" genus="Iter" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="italicum">Iter Italicum</taxonomicName>
quartum
</emphasis>
”, whose duplicates are stored is several European herbaria. All the samples of the gathering n. 457, labelled by indelible autograph as “
<taxonomicName id="63EF4D61487AFFEAFE8AB072CD14FDFE" authority="Lap." authorityName="Lap." box="[298,521,556,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentea">
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFE8AB072CED1FDFE" box="[298,460,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Vicia argentea</emphasis>
Lap.
</taxonomicName>
”, have a manual correction in “
<taxonomicName id="63EF4D61487AFFEAFCCAB072CBA3FDFE" authority="Uechtr et Huter" authorityName="Uechtr et Huter" box="[874,1214,556,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serinica">
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFCCAB072CB19FDFE" box="[874,1028,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Vicia serinica</emphasis>
Uechtr et Huter
</taxonomicName>
”, while the gathering n. 492 is labelled by indelible autograph as “
<taxonomicName id="63EF4D61487AFFEAFD34B00ECC8BFDD2" authority="Uechtr." authorityName="R. Uechtr. &amp; Huter ex Huter" authorityYear="1905" box="[660,918,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serinica">
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFD34B00ECC29FDD2" box="[660,820,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Vicia Serinica</emphasis>
Uechtr.
</taxonomicName>
”. The sheet stored at
<collectionCode id="C2FEAE27487AFFEAFB33B00ECBD7FDD2" box="[1171,1226,592,617]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7wcs-k2gs" name="Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica (formerly National Academy of Peiping)" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">NAP</collectionCode>
is a mixture of the collections 457 and 492. We select here as the
<typeStatus id="7B548840487AFFEAFD3AB02ACC1CFD36" box="[666,769,628,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
a well-preserved specimen of the collection n. 457, because the authors of the name in the corrected label are the same reported in the protologue. The
<typeStatus id="7B548840487AFFEAFB0CB0C6CA0EFD0A" box="[1196,1299,664,689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
confirms the current application of the name (e.g.,
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,
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,
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Conti
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFCD4B0E2CCB3FD6E" box="[884,942,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
2005
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,
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Peruzzi
<emphasis id="969BEAF0487AFFEAFBF9B0E2CB8FFD6E" box="[1113,1170,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
2014
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,
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Bartolucci
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Domina
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<mods:title id="769CD46CBBE6ED3040AEDD262A452F2F">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="87DAB41F63A2BA5AD4B7FE7538B16460">
<mods:date id="CF421924DB0F0D654E96C4625E133818">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E468D6FD44F9D13BA42E60B6C10266A7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5C1149C98FC57DDE2BE4ECC677C9D483">2018-08-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C53B8867A1D4C07383F4988A81EB49D5">364</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:location id="3FBF1435EBA24CD7BE1C6C6A51F3435C">
<mods:url id="1B58A01FE4234C1D95B75B76471DA599">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.364.2.8</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F9BA9C4ED9865245D6ECEC4A2D2C2A94">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6F959359A3CC409DD91E295C9B652E6A" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.364.2.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="38040EC921DD84633D5F294846758D11" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3439F83CFF95FFF34ACEFC34FD8AD3CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3439F83CFF95FFF34ACEFC34FD8AD3CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3439F83CFF95FFF34ACEFC34FD8AD3CE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<subSubSection id="F48A1AA1FF95FFF14ACEFC34FCE1D029" box="[136,890,1002,1029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF95FFF14ACEFC34FCE1D029" blockId="0.[136,890,1002,1029]" box="[136,890,1002,1029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="E767FE46FF95FFF14ACEFC34FCE1D029" box="[136,890,1002,1029]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF95FFF14ACEFC34FD10D029" ID-CoL="8WRF9" authority="Aver., Tillich &amp; K.S. Nguyen" authorityName="Aver., Tillich &amp; K. S. Nguyen" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,651,1002,1029]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14ACEFC34FEA7D029" bold="true" box="[136,316,1002,1029]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Aspidistra bella</emphasis>
Aver., Tillich &amp; K.S. Nguyen
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF148D7FC32FCE1D029" bold="true" box="[657,890,1004,1029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="95D72843FF95FFF148D7FC32FD70D029" box="[657,747,1004,1029]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="24AB55AFFF95FFF148BCFC32FCA5D029" box="[762,830,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1916,1937]" captionTargetBox="[317,1271,457,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-143@1.[317,1271,457,1887]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Aspidistra bella Aver., Tillich &amp; K.S. Nguyen corresponding to Averyanov, T. Maisak CPC 7484 / 14369. VIETNAM, Ha Giang province, Bac Me district, plant flowered under cultivation on 10 March 2018. Photos, correction and design by L. Averyanov." pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="24AB55AFFF95FFF14922FC32FCE8D029" box="[868,883,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1420,1441]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,187,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[215,1372,187,1393]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aspidistra bella Aver., Tillich &amp; K.S. Nguyen. Paratype and paratype specimen detail. Averyanov et al., CPC 7484 (LE01042158). Photos, correction and design by L. Averyanov." pageId="0" pageNumber="205">2</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F48A1AA1FF95FFF14ACEFBEBFA3ED108" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF95FFF14ACEFBEBFB8AD05C" blockId="0.[136,1452,1077,2072]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14ACEFBEBFF78D060" bold="true" box="[136,227,1077,1100]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Type:—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="C48709BAFF95FFF14AA5FBEBFEFAD060" box="[227,353,1077,1100]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="7E5487C8FF95FFF14B2AFBEBFDA1D060" box="[364,570,1077,1100]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Giang" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Ha Giang province</collectingRegion>
, Bac Me district, ex hort. on
<date id="C82E6FEAFF95FFF14935FBEBFB82D060" box="[883,1049,1077,1100]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" value="2018-03-10">10 March 2018</date>
,
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14E62FBEBFF50D05C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14E62FBEBFBADD060" box="[1060,1078,1077,1100]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
. Averyanov,
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14EFBFBEBFB56D060" box="[1213,1229,1077,1100]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">T</collectionCode>
. Maisak
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14F6BFBEBFAFAD060" box="[1325,1377,1077,1100]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3snx-0r7t" name="Culture collection of Pedro Crous" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">CPC</collectionCode>
7484 / 14369
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="632BF788FF95FFF14A9FFB87FEA7D05C" box="[217,316,1113,1136]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14B00FB87FEFCD05C" box="[326,359,1113,1136]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">LE</collectionCode>
01042153,
<typeStatus id="632BF788FF95FFF14B98FB87FDA1D05C" box="[478,570,1113,1136]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14802FB87FDFED05C" box="[580,613,1113,1136]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">LE</collectionCode>
01042154,
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF1489AFB87FD66D05C" box="[732,765,1113,1136]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">LE</collectionCode>
01042155,
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14933FB87FC0CD05C" box="[885,919,1113,1136]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">LE</collectionCode>
01042156).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF95FFF14AFBFBA3FA3ED108" blockId="0.[136,1452,1077,2072]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14AFBFBA3FEC8D0B8" bold="true" box="[189,339,1149,1172]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<typeStatus id="632BF788FF95FFF14AFBFBA3FEA9D0B8" box="[189,306,1149,1172]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:—
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="C48709BAFF95FFF14B15FBA3FE4AD0B8" box="[339,465,1149,1172]" name="Vietnam" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="7E5487C8FF95FFF14B9DFBA3FD33D0B8" box="[475,680,1149,1172]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Giang" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Ha Giang province</collectingRegion>
, Bac Me district, Thuong Tan municipality, primary broad-leaved humid evergreen forest on very steep slopes and along rocky ridge composed with solid crystalline highly eroded limestone at elevation
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF95FFF14AB7FB1BFE1ED0F0" box="[241,389,1221,1244]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2425" metricValueMax="1.285" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" unit="m" value="1242.5" valueMax="1285.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1285 m</quantity>
around point
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, terrestrial herb on rocky slope, leaves uniformly dark green, fruits globular, about
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF95FFF14B85FB37FE60D12C" box="[451,507,1257,1280]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diam., densely haired with soft spine-like hairs, stalk
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF95FFF14E32FB37FB41D12C" box="[1140,1242,1257,1280]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–4 cm</quantity>
long, common,
<date id="C82E6FEAFF95FFF14FD7FB37FEACD108" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" value="2014-11-16">16 November 2014</date>
,
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14B04FAD3FBC1D108" box="[322,1114,1293,1316]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14B04FAD3FECFD108" box="[322,340,1293,1316]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
. Averyanov,
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.
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14BBFFAD3FD92D108" box="[505,521,1293,1316]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">T</collectionCode>
. Hiep,
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14812FAD3FDF2D108" box="[596,617,1293,1316]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14835FAD3FD18D108" box="[627,643,1293,1316]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
. Khang,
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF148A4FAD3FD69D108" box="[738,754,1293,1316]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">T</collectionCode>
. Maisak,
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF1491EFAD3FCF1D108" box="[856,874,1293,1316]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
. Osinovetz,
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF149ADFAD3FB84D108" box="[1003,1055,1293,1316]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3snx-0r7t" name="Culture collection of Pedro Crous" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">CPC</collectionCode>
7484
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14E37FAD3FB09D108" box="[1137,1170,1293,1316]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">LE</collectionCode>
01042157,
<collectionCode id="DA81D1EFFF95FFF14F4CFAD3FAB7D108" box="[1290,1324,1293,1316]" country="Brazil" name="Servico de Microbiologia e Imunologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">LE</collectionCode>
01042158).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F48A1AA1FF95FFF14AFBFAEFFC11D1BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF95FFF14AFBFAEFFC11D1BC" blockId="0.[136,1452,1077,2072]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14AFBFAEFFED5D164" bold="true" box="[189,334,1329,1352]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Diagnosis:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF95FFF14B09FAEFFE67D164" box="[335,508,1329,1352]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14B09FAEFFE67D164" box="[335,508,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Aspidistra bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from closest
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF95FFF148AEFAEFFBFBD164" authority="Chen (1982: 77)" authorityName="Chen" authorityPageNumber="77" authorityYear="1982" box="[744,1120,1329,1352]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichanthera">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF148AEFAEFFC04D164" box="[744,927,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">A. dolichanthera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D80134DBFF95FFF149ECFAEFFBFBD164" author="Chen, X. - X. &amp; Fang, D." box="[938,1120,1329,1352]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" pagination="77 - 79" refId="ref2245" refString="Chen, X. - X. &amp; Fang, D. (1982) Two new species of the Aspidistra (Liliaceae) from Guangxi. Guihaia 2: 77 - 79." type="journal article" year="1982">Chen (1982: 77)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by the creeping rhizome; the almost naked peduncle
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long and curved downward; the numerous flowers
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF95FFF14E53FA8BFB0FD140" box="[1045,1172,1365,1388]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–7.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, the triangular perigone lobes
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF95FFF14B6DFAA7FE30D1BC" box="[299,427,1401,1424]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6.5 mm</quantity>
long and the short anthers
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF95FFF1488AFAA7FCD7D1BC" box="[716,844,1401,1424]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.199999999999999" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="4.199999999999999" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.6 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F48A1AA1FF95FFF14AFBFA43FF4FD1F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF95FFF14AFBFA43FF4FD1F4" blockId="0.[136,1452,1077,2072]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14AFBFA43FEC7D198" bold="true" box="[189,348,1437,1460]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The species name refers to the attractive beautiful white flowers, clustering at the apex of individual shoots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F48A1AA1FF95FFF04AFBFA3BFC6ED59F" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="0" pageNumber="205" type="description">
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF95FFF04AFBFA3BFC6ED59F" blockId="0.[136,1452,1077,2072]" lastBlockId="1.[136,1452,160,435]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF95FFF14AFBFA3BFEFFD1D0" bold="true" box="[189,356,1509,1532]" pageId="0" pageNumber="205">Description:—</emphasis>
Terrestrial rhizomatous herb. Rhizome plagiotropic, creeping, terete, branching, (0.8)1–1.4(1.6) cm in diameter, densely nodal, distal part ascending to erect, terete, (3)4–6(7) cm long, (1)1.2–1.8(2) cm in diameter, simple, densely nodal, grassy green, with many cataphylls and 2–5(6) leaves; basal part with thick, distant, rigid, light grey, semiwoody, straight spreading roots distally richly branching. Cataphylls convolute, cuneate, acute, dark purple-brown and tubular when young, later light dull yellowish, almost flat, papyraceous, (1)2–8(10) cm long and (4)5–8(10) mm wide, splitting into irregular fibrous–papyraceous remains with age. Leaves petiolate, (0.5)0.6–0.9(1.2) m long. Petiole stiff, erect, straight, or slightly curved, (25)30–40(50) cm long. Leaf blade upright to somewhat arching, elliptic, attenuate at base and apex, (25)30– 45(50) cm long, (6)8–16(18) cm wide, plicate, uniformly grassy green above and below, with prominent midvein and several secondary veins well seen on both sides, arising from midvein in basal half of leaf blade. Flowers odorless, numerous, arising by (1)2–3(5) from each axil, nodding, pure milky-white, widely open, (1.3)1.5–1.8(2) cm in diameter. Peduncles appearing in groups, successively, one by one, dirty purple, finely streaked with white, (1.4)1.8–3(3.5) cm long, (1.6)1.8–2(2.2) mm in diameter, curved downward, with 4–6 sterile bracts. Peduncle bracts broadly ovate to reniform, concave, scarious, pure white or slightly tinged with violet, roundish at apex, (5)6–7(7.5) mm long and (6)7–11(12) mm wide (being flattened), upper three approximate near flower base. Perigone tube campanulate, (4)4.5–5.5(6) mm long, (5.5)6–7(7.5) mm wide, glossy. Perigone lobes (4)6(7), subequal, triangular broadly sagittate, (4.5)5–6(6.5) mm long, (4.5)5–8(8.5) mm wide, slightly convex, almost round at apex, fleshy, glossy, smooth, with irregularly recurved and often incised margin, at broadest part auriculate, narrowing adaxially into rather narrow rectangular base. Stamens (5)6(7), anthers brightly yellow, sessile, erect (parallel to style), arising near the base of the tube, narrowly ovoid, (3.8)4–4.4(4.6) mm long, (1)1.2–1.4(1.6) mm wide, with narrow connective, pollen sacs facing the style; pollen brightly yellow. Pistil cylindric, erect, (5.6)5.8–6.2(6.4) mm tall, slightly broadening at apex and base; ovary inconspicuous, white to white tinged with violet, (1)1.2–1.4(1.6) mm long and wide; style white, cylindrical, (4)4.2–4.4(4.6) mm long, (0.8)0.9–1(1.2) mm in diameter; stigma truncate, almost flat, pure white or white with very light indistinct violet irregular spots, subcircular to rounded triangular, sometimes with inconspicuous irregular lobes, (1)1.2–1.4(1.6) mm across, its upper surface smooth. Fruits greenish, globular, (0.7)0.8–1(1.1) cm long and wide, densely hairy with long soft spine like papillae, stalk (2.5)3–4(4.5) cm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E8EF19A2FF94FFF04ACEF8A2FA13D399" pageId="1" pageNumber="206" startId="1.[136,229,1916,1937]" targetBox="[317,1271,457,1887]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF94FFF04ACEF8A2FA13D399" blockId="1.[136,1451,1916,1973]" pageId="1" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF94FFF04ACEF8A2FF64D3BD" bold="true" box="[136,255,1916,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="206">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF94FFF04B40F8A2FD5ED3BD" authority="Aver., Tillich &amp; K. S. Nguyen" authorityName="Aver., Tillich &amp; K. S. Nguyen" box="[262,709,1916,1937]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF94FFF04B40F8A2FE3BD3BD" box="[262,416,1916,1937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="206">Aspidistra bella</emphasis>
Aver., Tillich &amp; K.S. Nguyen
</taxonomicName>
corresponding to
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF94FFF04931F8A2FA96D3BD" box="[887,1293,1916,1937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="206">Averyanov, T. Maisak CPC 7484 / 14369.</emphasis>
VIETNAM, Ha Giang province, Bac Me district, plant flowered under cultivation on 10 March 2018. Photos, correction and design by L. Averyanov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34ACEFA52FE98D18D" bold="true" box="[136,259,1420,1441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF97FFF34B4BFA52FD72D18D" authority="Aver., Tillich &amp; K. S. Nguyen." authorityName="Aver., Tillich &amp; K. S. Nguyen." box="[269,745,1420,1441]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34B4BFA52FE30D18D" box="[269,427,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Aspidistra bella</emphasis>
Aver., Tillich &amp; K.S. Nguyen.
</taxonomicName>
Paratype and paratype specimen detail. Averyanov
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34EBAFA52FAAAD18D" box="[1276,1329,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34F04FA52FA30D18D" box="[1346,1451,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">CPC 7484</emphasis>
(LE01042158). Photos, correction and design by L. Averyanov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F48A1AA1FF97FFF34AFBFA29FBADD222" box="[189,1078,1527,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF97FFF34AFBFA29FBADD222" blockId="2.[136,1452,1527,2018]" box="[189,1078,1527,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34AFBFA29FEF7D222" bold="true" box="[189,364,1527,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Distribution:—</emphasis>
Northern
<collectingCountry id="C48709BAFF97FFF34B95FA29FDB6D222" box="[467,557,1527,1550]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="7E5487C8FF97FFF3487DFA29FC91D222" box="[571,778,1527,1550]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Giang" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Ha Giang province</collectingRegion>
, Bac Me district). Endemic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F48A1AA1FF97FFF34AFBF9C5FD8AD3CE" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF97FFF34AFBF9C5FCCBD256" blockId="2.[136,1452,1527,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34AFBF9C5FEA0D21E" bold="true" box="[189,315,1563,1586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Ecology:—</emphasis>
Very steep rocky slopes and mountain summits covered by primary broad-leaved evergreen humid forests on marble-like, highly eroded limestone at elevations of
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF348AAF9E1FC1BD27A" box="[748,896,1599,1622]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1300 m</quantity>
a.s.l. Flowering in cultivation in March–April. The species is considered to be of “Least Concern” (LC) (IUCN 2012).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC2F492AFF97FFF34AFBF959FD8AD3CE" blockId="2.[136,1452,1527,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34AFBF959FE6CD2B2" bold="true" box="[189,503,1671,1694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Taxonomic relationships:—</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34BBEF959FD39D2B2" box="[504,674,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Aspidistra bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a group of white or light yellowish-flowering species, which includes in
<collectingCountry id="C48709BAFF97FFF34B46F975FEC1D2EE" box="[256,346,1707,1730]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
and allied countries species such as
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF97FFF34891F975FA93D2EE" authority="Averyanov &amp; Tillich (2016: 141)" authorityName="Averyanov &amp; Tillich" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="2016" box="[727,1288,1707,1730]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anomala">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34891F975FC3CD2EE" box="[727,935,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">Aspidistra anomala</emphasis>
Averyanov &amp; Tillich (2016: 141)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF97FFF34F55F975FE45D2CA" authority="Averyanov &amp; Tillich (2008: 37)" authorityName="Averyanov &amp; Tillich" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="2008" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachystyla">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34F55F975FA30D2EE" box="[1299,1451,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">A. brachystyla</emphasis>
Averyanov &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="D80134DBFF97FFF34B59F911FE45D2CA" author="Tillich, H. - J. &amp; Averyanov, L. V." box="[287,478,1743,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref2531" refString="Tillich, H. - J. &amp; Averyanov, L. V. (2008) Two new species and one new subspecies of Aspidistra Ker-Gawl. (Ruscaceae) from Vietnam. Feddes Repertorium 119 (1 - 2): 37 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 200711143" type="journal article" year="2008">Tillich (2008: 37)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF97FFF34BACF911FCFFD2CA" authority="Tillich (2007: 337)" authorityName="Tillich" authorityPageNumber="337" authorityYear="2007" box="[490,868,1743,1766]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34BACF911FD09D2CA" box="[490,658,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">A. campanulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D80134DBFF97FFF348DFF911FCFFD2CA" author="Tillich, H. - J. &amp; Averyanov, L. V. &amp; Dzu, N. V. L." box="[665,868,1743,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" pagination="335 - 344" refId="ref2590" refString="Tillich, H. - J., Averyanov, L. V. &amp; Dzu, N. V. L. (2007) Six new species of Aspidistra (Ruscaceae) from Northern Vietnam. Blumea 52: 335 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 000651907 X 609070" type="journal article" year="2007">Tillich (2007: 337)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF97FFF349DEF911FBD7D2CA" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1982" box="[920,1100,1743,1766]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichanthera">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF349DEF911FBD7D2CA" box="[920,1100,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">A. dolichanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Among the mentioned taxa, our species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF97FFF34BDBF92DFDCAD326" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1982" box="[413,593,1779,1802]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichanthera">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34BDBF92DFDCAD326" box="[413,593,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">A. dolichanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described in detail by
<bibRefCitation id="D80134DBFF97FFF3490DF92DFB8BD326" author="Lang, K. - Y. &amp; Li, G. - Z. &amp; Wei, Y. - G. &amp; Wang, R. - X." box="[843,1040,1779,1802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" pagination="468 - 508" refId="ref2279" refString="Lang, K. - Y., Li, G. - Z., Wei, Y. - G. &amp; Wang, R. - X. (1999) Taxonomic and phytogeographic studies on the genus Aspidistra Ker-Gawl. (Liliaceae) in China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 37: 468 - 508." type="journal article" year="1999">
Lang
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF349CFF92DFC24D326" box="[905,959,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
. From
<taxonomicName id="7B9032A9FF97FFF34E1AF92DFA8BD326" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1982" box="[1116,1296,1779,1802]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichanthera">
<emphasis id="8EE49538FF97FFF34E1AF92DFA8BD326" box="[1116,1296,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="207">A. dolichanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
our plant well differs in long creeping rhizome (vs. short ascending rhizome), descending, curved downward, purplish peduncles
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34F1DF8C9FF32D37E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="cm" value="2.45" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–3.5 cm</quantity>
long, with only a few white, distant broadly ovate bracts
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long, roundish at apex, leaving peduncle almost naked (vs. stiff erect, white peduncles
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34B93F881FDA4D35A" box="[469,575,1887,1910]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="cm" value="14.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="12.0">12–17 cm</quantity>
long, nearly completely covered by acute-lanceolate, brown bracts
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34F43F881FAF3D35A" box="[1285,1384,1887,1910]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 cm</quantity>
long), perigone tubular campanulate,
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34B96F85DFDBCD3B6" box="[464,551,1923,1946]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF3482CF85DFD73D3B6" box="[618,744,1923,1946]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–7.5 mm</quantity>
wide (vs. perigone tube widely campanulate to funnel shaped,
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34FC2F85DFF2AD392" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34AB1F879FEAED392" box="[247,309,1959,1982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
wide), perigone lobes triangular,
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF348E7F879FCB9D392" box="[673,802,1959,1982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6.5 mm</quantity>
long (vs. perigone lobes elongate,
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34EDBF879FA8BD392" box="[1181,1296,1959,1982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
long), anthers
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34ACEF815FE93D3CE" box="[136,264,1995,2018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.199999999999999" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="4.199999999999999" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.6 mm</quantity>
long (vs.
<quantity id="7B68E4CFFF97FFF34B35F815FE50D3CE" box="[371,459,1995,2018]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="207" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

93
data/3C/10/73/3C10731CFFF1AF1BFF41FE59FE84CE06.xml
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@ -1,63 +1,64 @@
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@ -70,9 +71,9 @@ A. J. Pérez &amp; N. Muchhala
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@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ Harling
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1185765!).
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@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ is endemic to the montane cloud forest of
between
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(2013) this locality is within a much larger zone dominated by bosque siempreverde montano del sur de la cordillera oriental de los Andes (BsMn02). This species is sympatric with

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@ -70,9 +71,9 @@ A. F. Vallejo, A. J. Pérez &amp; N. Muchhala
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<figureCitation id="2C82DE8FFFF4AF1FFC00FB95FBAECC30" box="[969,1035,1110,1135]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1905,1926]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,187,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[179,1407,187,1876]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Burmeistera pterifolia A.F. Vallejo, A.J. Pérez &amp; N. Muchhala, sp. nov. A. Pollination by Lesser Tailless Bat (Anoura caudifer). B. Side view of leaves and flower in female phase. C. Close-up of flower in male phase. D. Abaxial view of leaves. E. Fruit. Photos by Andrea F. Vallejo." pageId="1" pageNumber="264">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2C82DE8FFFF4AF1FFC00FB95FBAECC30" box="[969,1035,1110,1135]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1905,1926]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,187,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[179,1407,187,1876]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Burmeistera pterifolia A.F. Vallejo, A.J. Pérez &amp; N. Muchhala, sp. nov. A. Pollination by Lesser Tailless Bat (Anoura caudifer). B. Side view of leaves and flower in female phase. C. Close-up of flower in male phase. D. Abaxial view of leaves. E. Fruit. Photos by Andrea F. Vallejo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703686/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2C82DE8FFFF4AF1FFBD0FB95FB8DCC30" box="[1049,1064,1110,1135]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1079,1100]" captionTargetBox="[348,1238,187,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[348,1238,187,1051]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Burmeistera pterifolia (circle, Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve in Pichincha province) and B. draconis (star, Reserva Tapichalaca in Zamora Chinchipe province) in Ecuador." pageId="1" pageNumber="264">2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2C82DE8FFFF4AF1FFBD0FB95FB8DCC30" box="[1049,1064,1110,1135]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1079,1100]" captionTargetBox="[348,1238,187,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[348,1238,187,1051]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Burmeistera pterifolia (circle, Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve in Pichincha province) and B. draconis (star, Reserva Tapichalaca in Zamora Chinchipe province) in Ecuador." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703688/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="264">2</figureCitation>
)
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@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ diam., crowned by persistent calyx lobes; seeds elliptic, 1.0–
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.
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<emphasis id="86CD1E18FFF7AF1CFF41F8B2FF5ECFD9" bold="true" box="[136,251,1905,1926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="265">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ A.F. Vallejo, A.J. Pérez &amp; N. Muchhala
. Fruit. Photos by Andrea F. Vallejo.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="86CD1E18FFF6AF1DFF41FBF4FF52CC13" bold="true" box="[136,247,1079,1100]" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Distribution map of
@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ is endemic to the northwestern foothills of the Andes at the Pichincha province.
locality, the
<collectingCountry id="CCAE829AFFF6AF1DFBEFFAF3FB08CD16" box="[1062,1197,1328,1353]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">Santa Lucia</collectingCountry>
Cloud Forest Reserve (
<figureCitation id="2C82DE8FFFF6AF1DFF59FA97FF72CD32" box="[144,215,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1079,1100]" captionTargetBox="[348,1238,187,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[348,1238,187,1051]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Burmeistera pterifolia (circle, Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve in Pichincha province) and B. draconis (star, Reserva Tapichalaca in Zamora Chinchipe province) in Ecuador." pageId="3" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2C82DE8FFFF6AF1DFF59FA97FF72CD32" box="[144,215,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1079,1100]" captionTargetBox="[348,1238,187,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[348,1238,187,1051]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Burmeistera pterifolia (circle, Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve in Pichincha province) and B. draconis (star, Reserva Tapichalaca in Zamora Chinchipe province) in Ecuador." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703688/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="266">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), an area of 800-ha managed and protected by the local community through ecotourism initiatives. It grows in cloud forest between
<quantity id="73416FEFFFF6AF1DFE54FABBFD99CDCE" box="[413,572,1400,1425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.935" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8699999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="266" unit="m" value="1935.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1870.0">1870–2000 m</quantity>
, and is often highly abundant, with more than 40 plants in an area of
@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ Cloud Forest Reserve (
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<figureCitation id="2C82DE8FFFF6AF1DFE25F9CBFDE0CE7E" box="[492,581,1544,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1905,1926]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,187,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[179,1407,187,1876]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Burmeistera pterifolia A.F. Vallejo, A.J. Pérez &amp; N. Muchhala, sp. nov. A. Pollination by Lesser Tailless Bat (Anoura caudifer). B. Side view of leaves and flower in female phase. C. Close-up of flower in male phase. D. Abaxial view of leaves. E. Fruit. Photos by Andrea F. Vallejo." pageId="3" pageNumber="266">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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263
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)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D403E1132B768C02FF1A15FF60E9BA70" blockId="1.[136,1452,1462,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
Valves are discoid, 4–13 μm in diameter. Valve face is separated into a hyaline central area and a marginal area marked by radial striae. The central area exhibits radial undulation; three alternating depressed wedges are bounded by three raised wedges. Central area comprises 2/3 of the valve face area (
<figureCitation id="4C87FD962B768C02FCCF15B761D8BB74" box="[861,929,1534,1559]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1470,1491]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,213,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,203,1444]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2: Size diminution series of Lindavia biswashanti. Light microscope images captured under a Leica DM2500. The holotype specimen is image C. Scale bars are all 10 μm. The central fultoportula is readily visible in larger specimens (A–F) and slightly offset from the center of the valve. Rimoportulae are indistinct in light microscope. The distinguishing features are the three triangular-shaped raised areas juxtaposed with three lowered areas to make six sectors in a superficial likeness of the nuclear fallout-shelter symbol." pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Doubly punctate fascicles are distributed
<quantity id="13444CF62B768C02FA1015B762B9BB58" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="13.0">13– 20 in</quantity>
10 μm. Internally the fascicles perforate into alveolar chambers with a single round opening.A single fultoportula is present on the valve face near the center of the valve. Three to five mantle fultoportulae are evenly distributed around the margin. Externally the valve face and mantle fultoportulae are simple round perforations. Internally both
<typeStatus id="0B075FB12B768C02FF1A16C762BABBC4" box="[136,195,1678,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">types</typeStatus>
of fultoportulae consist of a central pore with circular raised sides. On opposite sides of the central pore exist two crescent-shaped satellite pores both with raised edges (
<figureCitation id="4C87FD962B768C02FCB616FB610ABBA8" box="[804,883,1714,1739]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1850,1871]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,187,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[206,839,822,1460]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3: Scanning electron micrographs of Lindavia biswashanti. Image A exhibits the external view with central fultoportula (cfp), rimoportula (rp), and marginal fultoportulae of which one is arrowed (mfp). Image B is a small specimen that exhibits granules around the margin. Interior expressions of the central fultoportula, rimoportula, and marginal fultoportula are shown in images D &amp; E. Image F is a close up of the rimoportula and marginal fultoportula shown in image D." pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, E &amp; F). Internally the mantle fultoportulae reside on costae (
<figureCitation id="4C87FD962B768C02FF6D169F633EBB8C" box="[255,327,1750,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1850,1871]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,187,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[206,839,822,1460]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3: Scanning electron micrographs of Lindavia biswashanti. Image A exhibits the external view with central fultoportula (cfp), rimoportula (rp), and marginal fultoportulae of which one is arrowed (mfp). Image B is a small specimen that exhibits granules around the margin. Interior expressions of the central fultoportula, rimoportula, and marginal fultoportula are shown in images D &amp; E. Image F is a close up of the rimoportula and marginal fultoportula shown in image D." pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 3</figureCitation>
, D &amp; F). A simple, slightly raised rimoportula is exhibited internally (
<figureCitation id="4C87FD962B768C02FBC7169F66DABB8C" box="[1109,1187,1750,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1850,1871]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,187,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[206,839,822,1460]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3: Scanning electron micrographs of Lindavia biswashanti. Image A exhibits the external view with central fultoportula (cfp), rimoportula (rp), and marginal fultoportulae of which one is arrowed (mfp). Image B is a small specimen that exhibits granules around the margin. Interior expressions of the central fultoportula, rimoportula, and marginal fultoportula are shown in images D &amp; E. Image F is a close up of the rimoportula and marginal fultoportula shown in image D." pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, D &amp; F). Externally the rimoportula is inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="4C87FD962B768C02FE4E16B36052BA70" box="[476,555,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1850,1871]" captionTargetBox="[208,1380,187,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[206,839,822,1460]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3: Scanning electron micrographs of Lindavia biswashanti. Image A exhibits the external view with central fultoportula (cfp), rimoportula (rp), and marginal fultoportulae of which one is arrowed (mfp). Image B is a small specimen that exhibits granules around the margin. Interior expressions of the central fultoportula, rimoportula, and marginal fultoportula are shown in images D &amp; E. Image F is a close up of the rimoportula and marginal fultoportula shown in image D." pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, A &amp; B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9CA6B2982B768C02FF2F1757600FBA1C" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D403E1132B768C02FF2F1757600FBA1C" blockId="1.[136,1452,1462,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FF2F17576378BA54" bold="true" box="[189,257,1822,1847]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Type:</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="ACABA1832B768C02FE8C17576300BA54" box="[286,377,1822,1847]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
. Province No. 1 (Solukhumbu District):
<collectingRegion id="16782FF12B768C02FCC7175761A0BA54" box="[853,985,1822,1847]" country="Nepal" name="Sagarmatha" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Sagarmatha</collectingRegion>
National Park, Gokyo Cho,
<quantity id="13444CF62B768C02FABF175767FEBA54" box="[1325,1415,1822,1847]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="4750.0">4750 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B18887D42B768C02FA051757637BBA38" degrees="27.953863" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="27.953863">N 27.953863</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B18887D42B768C02FE9E170B63E4BA38" box="[268,413,1858,1883]" degrees="86.692920" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="86.69292">E 86.692920</geoCoordinate>
, collected by
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FDA1170B60BCBA38" box="[563,709,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">K. Nicholson</emphasis>
on
<date id="A002C7D32B768C02FD7E170B61FBBA38" box="[748,898,1858,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" value="2016-05-02">02 May 2016</date>
, General Collection no. 36357
<collectionCode id="B2AD79D62B768C02FB45170B675CBA38" box="[1239,1317,1858,1883]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">ANSP</collectionCode>
! (
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FAA5170B67DDBA38" bold="true" box="[1335,1444,1858,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
<typeStatus id="0B075FB12B768C02FAA5170B67DDBA38" box="[1335,1444,1858,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="4C87FD962B768C02FF1A172F62BDBA1C" box="[136,196,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1470,1491]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,213,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[151,1436,203,1444]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2: Size diminution series of Lindavia biswashanti. Light microscope images captured under a Leica DM2500. The holotype specimen is image C. Scale bars are all 10 μm. The central fultoportula is readily visible in larger specimens (A–F) and slightly offset from the center of the valve. Rimoportulae are indistinct in light microscope. The distinguishing features are the three triangular-shaped raised areas juxtaposed with three lowered areas to make six sectors in a superficial likeness of the nuclear fallout-shelter symbol." pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Fig 2</figureCitation>
, C is the encircled
<typeStatus id="0B075FB12B768C02FE09172F6384BA1C" box="[411,509,1894,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9CA6B2982B768C02FF2F17C361DDBA88" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D403E1132B768C02FF2F17C361DDBA88" blockId="1.[136,1452,1462,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FF2F17C36331BAC0" bold="true" box="[189,328,1930,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The lake from which
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B768C02FDF517C36125BAC0" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[615,860,1930,1955]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FDF517C36125BAC0" box="[615,860,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Lindavia biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recovered is considered to be sacred by Buddhists and Hindus. As such,
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B768C02FD9017E760D0BAA4" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[514,681,1966,1991]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FD9017E760D0BAA4" box="[514,681,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">L. biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named in respect for the Tengboche monks;
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B768C02FB4617E76723BAA4" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[1236,1370,1966,1991]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FB4617E76723BAA4" box="[1236,1370,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means ‘world peace’ in the Nepali language and is their message to the world.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9CA6B2982B768C01FF2F17BF617FBF42" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D403E1132B768C01FF2F17BF617FBF42" blockId="1.[136,1452,1462,2063]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,160,545]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FF2F17BF6353B56C" bold="true" box="[189,298,2038,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Remarks</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B768C02FEDC17BF6038B56C" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[334,577,2038,2063]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FEDC17BF6038B56C" box="[334,577,2038,2063]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Lindavia biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B768C01FD4817BF63E9BDDA" authority="(K. T. Kiss, E. Hegewald et Acs) K. T. Kiss et Acs (2016: 66)" authorityName="K. T. Kiss et Acs" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="K. T. Kiss, E. Hegewald et Acs" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Pantocsekiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="103" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B768C02FD4817BF618CB56C" box="[730,1013,2038,2063]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Pantocsekiella hispanica</emphasis>
(K.T. Kiss, E. Hegewald et Ács) K.T. Kiss
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FF5610E962A1BDDA" box="[196,216,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">et</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B02D9CE22B758C01FF7010E963E9BDDA" author="Acs, E. &amp; Ari, E. &amp; Duleba, M. &amp; Dressler, M. &amp; Genkal, S. I. &amp; Jako, E. &amp; Rimet, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Kiss, K. T." box="[226,400,160,185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="56 - 78" refId="ref2738" refString="Acs, E., Ari, E., Duleba, M., Dressler, M., Genkal, S. I., Jako, E., Rimet, F., Ector, L. &amp; Kiss, K. T. (2016) Pantocsekiella, a new centric diatom genus based on morphological and genetic studies. Fottea, Olomouc 16 (1): 56 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2015.028" type="journal article" year="2016">Ács (2016: 66)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking round nodes on the undulations on the central area.
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FBE910E9677EBDDA" authorityName="K. T. Kiss et Acs" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="K. T. Kiss, E. Hegewald et Acs" box="[1147,1287,160,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Pantocsekiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FBE910E9677EBDDA" box="[1147,1287,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">P. hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits three areolae per fascicle whereas
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FE58108D6017BDBE" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[458,622,196,221]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FE58108D6017BDBE" box="[458,622,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two per fascicle.
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FCF3108D6190BDBE" authorityName="K. T. Kiss et Acs" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="K. T. Kiss, E. Hegewald et Acs" box="[865,1001,196,221]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Pantocsekiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="hispanica">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FCF3108D6190BDBE" box="[865,1001,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">P. hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also exhibits greater numbers of mantel fultoportulae than
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FEC810A16079BC62" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[346,512,232,257]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FEC810A16079BC62" box="[346,512,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="993ED4A82B758C01FD8210A1601CBC62" box="[528,613,232,257]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,224,1432,1455]" captionText="TABLE 1: Comparison of morphological characteristics of L. bishwashanti and similar taxa. Diameters are in μm. Undulations refers to raised and lowered areas within the central area. Areolae rows per fascicle is the number of areolae across each fascicle." pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FDED10A16723BC62" authority="(Pantocsek) K. T. Kiss et Acs (2016: 62)" authorityName="K. T. Kiss et Acs" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Pantocsek" box="[639,1370,232,257]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Pantocsekiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FDED10A161FEBC62" box="[639,903,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Pantocsekiella ocellata</emphasis>
(Pantocsek) K.T. Kiss et
<bibRefCitation id="B02D9CE22B758C01FB3C10A16723BC62" author="Acs, E. &amp; Ari, E. &amp; Duleba, M. &amp; Dressler, M. &amp; Genkal, S. I. &amp; Jako, E. &amp; Rimet, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Kiss, K. T." box="[1198,1370,232,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="56 - 78" refId="ref2738" refString="Acs, E., Ari, E., Duleba, M., Dressler, M., Genkal, S. I., Jako, E., Rimet, F., Ector, L. &amp; Kiss, K. T. (2016) Pantocsekiella, a new centric diatom genus based on morphological and genetic studies. Fottea, Olomouc 16 (1): 56 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2015.028" type="journal article" year="2016">Ács (2016: 62)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
differs most notably by exhibiting papillae and orbiculi depressi in the central area.
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FC5D11456608BC46" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[975,1137,268,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FC5D11456608BC46" box="[975,1137,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks these distinct features.
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FF1A11796286BC2A" authorityName="K. T. Kiss et Acs" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Pantocsek" box="[136,255,304,329]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Pantocsekiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FF1A11796286BC2A" box="[136,255,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">P. ocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also show greater numbers of areolae per fascicle and greater number of mantel fultoportulae (
<tableCitation id="993ED4A82B758C01FAD7117967E3BC2A" box="[1349,1434,304,329]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,224,1432,1455]" captionText="TABLE 1: Comparison of morphological characteristics of L. bishwashanti and similar taxa. Diameters are in μm. Undulations refers to raised and lowered areas within the central area. Areolae rows per fascicle is the number of areolae across each fascicle." pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FF1A111D63E4BC0E" box="[136,413,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Pantoscekiella tripartita</emphasis>
(Håkansson) K.T. Kiss
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FD23111D60BCBC0E" box="[689,709,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">et</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B02D9CE22B758C01FD5C111D6100BC0E" author="Acs, E. &amp; Ari, E. &amp; Duleba, M. &amp; Dressler, M. &amp; Genkal, S. I. &amp; Jako, E. &amp; Rimet, F. &amp; Ector, L. &amp; Kiss, K. T." box="[718,889,340,365]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="56 - 78" refId="ref2738" refString="Acs, E., Ari, E., Duleba, M., Dressler, M., Genkal, S. I., Jako, E., Rimet, F., Ector, L. &amp; Kiss, K. T. (2016) Pantocsekiella, a new centric diatom genus based on morphological and genetic studies. Fottea, Olomouc 16 (1): 56 - 78. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2015.028" type="journal article" year="2016">Ács (2016: 69)</bibRefCitation>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FB81111D66C0BC0E" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[1043,1209,340,365]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FB81111D66C0BC0E" box="[1043,1209,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having additional protrusions in the central area and exhibiting spinules on the interfascicles marking the interface of the valve face and mantel (
<bibRefCitation id="B02D9CE22B758C01FF7411D563C9BCD6" author="Hakansson, H." box="[230,432,412,437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref3161" refString="Hakansson, H. (2002) A compilation and evaluation of the species in the general Stephanodiscus, cyclostephanos and Cyclotella with a new genus in the family Stephanodiscaceae. Diatom Research 17 (1): 1 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2002.9705534" type="journal article" year="2002">Håkansson, 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FE5711D56012BCD6" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[453,619,412,437]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="biswashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FE5711D56012BCD6" box="[453,619,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. biswashanti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FC9511D56185BCD6" authorityName="Suxena. &amp; Venkateswarlu" authorityYear="1968" box="[775,1020,412,437]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="antiqua" variety="minor">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FC9511D56104BCD6" box="[775,893,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. antiqua</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FC2B11D56185BCD6" box="[953,1020,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having hyaline undulations in the central area whereas
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FEE511896011BCBA" authorityName="Suxena. &amp; Venkateswarlu" authorityYear="1968" box="[375,616,448,473]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="antiqua" variety="minor">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FEE511896395BCBA" box="[375,492,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. antiqua</emphasis>
var.
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</taxonomicName>
is described as having delicately punctate depressions in the central area. Therefore, we suggest that the specimen identified by
<bibRefCitation id="B02D9CE22B758C01FD6E11AD61AFBC9E" author="Misra, P. K. &amp; Rai, S. K. &amp; Prakash, J. &amp; Shukla, M. &amp; Tripathi, S. K. &amp; Srivastava, M. N." box="[764,982,484,509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="95 - 104" refId="ref3287" refString="Misra, P. K., Rai, S. K., Prakash, J., Shukla, M., Tripathi, S. K. &amp; Srivastava, M. N. (2009) Fresh water diatoms from Eastern Nepal-I, Indian hydrobiology 12 (1): 95 - 104." type="journal article" year="2009">
Misra
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FCD511AD61FBBC9E" box="[839,898,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
Plate 1,
<figureCitation id="4C87FD962B758C01FBD211AD66FDBC9E" box="[1088,1156,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1254,1275]" captionTargetBox="[416,1170,622,1186]" captionTargetId="figure-207@2.[416,1170,622,1186]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1: Map of the Sagarmatha National Park region, Province No. 1, Solukhumbu District, Nepal. The region is dominated by some of the tallest peaks in the world. Mount Everest (8,848 m) and Cho Oyu (8,188 m) are shown. The lakes from which samples were collected comprise some of the highest elevation lakes in the world. Gokyo Cho is the locality from which the holotype material is collected. Location of the region in the Himalayas (inset)." pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
is
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FB3811AD6727BC9E" authorityName="Mohan &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[1194,1374,484,509]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="bishwashanti">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FB3811AD6727BC9E" box="[1194,1374,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. bishwashanti</emphasis>
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not
<taxonomicName id="13BC9A902B758C01FA0711AD6321BF42" authorityName="Suxena. &amp; Venkateswarlu" authorityYear="1968" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="antiqua" variety="minor">
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FA0711AD62A7BF42" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">L. antiqua</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="E6C83D012B758C01FE8712416321BF42" box="[277,344,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it lacks punctate depressions.
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72
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Thallose, attached to the substratum, macroscopic, forming an expanded gelatinous mass, which may be irregularly spherical, sometimes forming large, bulbous colonies, initially hollow, later free-floating, and composed of radially arranged erect filaments. Filaments with diffluent, mucilaginous sheaths; trichomes long, irregularly true-branched, cylindrical, sometimes irregularly narrowed. Sheaths gelatinous and confluent, colourless or slightly yellow-brown in colour. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped; heterocytes intercalary, terminal at the ends of short branches or lateral on the main trichome. Akinetes not known. Reproduction by disintegration of thallus and by the production of hormogonia which develop on the ends of branches. Eight species currently described, one known from
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341800261DEF88567DD578AB25" box="[1178,1284,1082,1107]" name="Australia" pageId="26">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
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, Moreno
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61800261DE9205619D216AB01" box="[562,618,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="26">et al.</emphasis>
(2012), Komárek (2013).
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<paragraph id="E37236A41800261DEB9A52A0D120AEAE" blockId="26.[136,1452,231,616]" pageId="26">Thallus membranous, leathery, spongy or firm, often layered, blue-green to olive green in colour. Filaments densely entangled, contorted or irregularly flexuous with thin, distinct, gelatinous sheaths, T-, V-, or Y-type true branched, 4–8 (–10) μm wide; branches usually narrower than the main filaments. Trichomes usually divicariate at right angles, constricted in mature parts, cylindrical and sometimes unconstricted in branches. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped and of irregular lengths along the main filaments, cylindrical in branches and often distinctly longer than wide; apical cells cylindrical and rounded. Heterocytes intercalary, spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, 6.5 (–7) μm wide × 9 μm long, solitary or in pairs.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61800261DEBAF53A4D1C9AE8A" bold="true" box="[189,437,483,508]" pageId="26">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Nettle Ck at Innot Hot Springs, Talaroo Thermal Springs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41800261DEBAF5040D5E5AD56" blockId="26.[136,1452,231,616]" box="[189,1433,519,544]" pageId="26">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61800261DEBAF5040D119AD56" bold="true" box="[189,357,519,544]" pageId="26">Other records</emphasis>
:—
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: Bedkira Bore, J.W. Cribb, 1978 (BRI 0701247), Townsville,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551800261DEFD45040D5E9AD56" author="Cires, S. &amp; Wormer, L. &amp; Ballot, A. &amp; Agha, R. &amp; Wiedner, C. &amp; Velazquez, D. &amp; Casero, M. C. &amp; Quesada, A." box="[1222,1429,519,544]" pageId="26" pagination="1359 - 1370" refId="ref54836" refString="Cires, S., Wormer, L., Ballot, A., Agha, R., Wiedner, C., Velazquez, D., Casero, M. C. &amp; Quesada, A. (2014) Phylogeography of cylindrospermopsin and paralytic shellfish toxin-producing Nostocales cyanobacteria from Mediterranean Europe (Spain). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80 (4): 1359 - 1370. https: // doi. org / 10.1128 / AEM. 03002 - 13" type="journal article" year="2014">
Cires
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61800261DEE1A5040D53DAD56" box="[1288,1345,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="26">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41800261DEBAF506CD405AD1E" blockId="26.[136,1452,231,616]" pageId="26">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61800261DEBAF506CD120AD32" bold="true" box="[189,348,555,580]" pageId="26">Observations</emphasis>
:—Thermophilic species, recorded from almost all hot spring sites throughout the world below an upper temperature limit of about 58
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(
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551800261DE9555008D374AD1E" author="Castenholz, R. W." box="[583,776,591,616]" pageId="26" pagination="33 - 48" refId="ref54767" refString="Castenholz, R. W. (1996) Endemism and biodiversity of thermophilic cyanobacteria. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 112: 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">Castenholz 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551800261DE8015008D411AD1E" author="McGregor, G. B. &amp; Rasmussen, J. P." box="[787,1133,591,616]" pageId="26" pagination="23 - 35" refId="ref60340" refString="McGregor, G. B. &amp; Rasmussen, J. P. (2007) Cyanobacterial composition of microbial mats from an Australian thermal spring: a polyphasic evaluation. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 63 (1): 23 - 35." type="journal article" year="2007">McGregor &amp; Rasmussen 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61800261DEB9A50EAD113ADB1" bold="true" box="[136,367,685,711]" pageId="26">NOSTOCHOPSIS</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CEB9A5731D086AAF9" box="[136,250,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="27">Anabaena</emphasis>
Bory de Saint-Vincent ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 224)
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Bory de Saint-Vincent ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 233)
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<paragraph id="E37236A41801261CEB9A57A5D224A849" blockId="27.[136,1452,1506,2035]" pageId="27">Filamentous; trichomes solitary or aggregated into macroscopic mats on the substrate, straight or variously coiled and twisted, constricted at the cross walls, always without firm sheaths, sometimes with hyaline, colourless, diffluent mucilage; trichomes often moniliform, isopolar, metameric with heterocytes developing solitary and intercalary, which are generally regularly spaced. Vegetative cells cylindrical, barrel-shaped or spherical, shorter or longer than wide, pale or bright blue-green or olive-green in colour, without aerotopes, sometimes with granular contents; apical cells may be slightly elongated, conical, conical rounded or spherical. Heterocytes spherical, widely oval or cylindrical, sometimes elongated, usually slightly larger than vegetative cells. Akinetes spherical, oval or cylindrical, solitary or many in series, intercalary, developing paraheterocytically, adjacent to or near the heterocytes. Cells divide crosswise and grow to the original size before the next division; without meristematic zones. Reproduction by trichome fragmentation and by akinete production.</paragraph>
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A widely distributed genus of 150 species known from freshwater lakes and reservoirs, rivers and estuaries. Here 10 species are described from north-eastern
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. Many traditional
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CE8A55529D455A8F1" box="[951,1065,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="27">Anabaena</emphasis>
species
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which produce aerotopes, and are typically planktonic, were transferred to
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CE9BA55D5D315A8DD" box="[680,873,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="27">Dolichospermum</emphasis>
(
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Wacklin
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CE8CF55D5D469A8DD" box="[989,1045,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="27">et al.</emphasis>
2009
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)
</taxonomicName>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551801261CEE1F55D5D0A9A8B9" author="Willame, R. &amp; Boutte, C. &amp; Grubisic, S. &amp; Wilmotte, A. &amp; Komarek, J. &amp; Hoffmann, L." pageId="27" pagination="1312 - 1332" refId="ref63337" refString="Willame, R., Boutte, C., Grubisic, S., Wilmotte, A., Komarek, J. &amp; Hoffmann, L. (2006) Morphological and molecular characterization of planktonic cyanobacteria from Belgium and Luxembourg. Journal of Phycology 42 (6): 1312 - 1332. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1529 - 8817.2006.00284. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
Willame
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CEE6155D5D5D0A8DD" box="[1395,1452,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
,
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Wacklin
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CEA5755F1D102A8B9" box="[325,382,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
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Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CE80555F1D32CA8B9" box="[791,848,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
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,
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Kust
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CE8FE55F1D459A8B9" box="[1004,1061,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
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,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551801261CEF9455F1D086A885" author="Kozlikova-Zapomelova, E. &amp; Ferrari, G. &amp; Perez, M. C." pageId="27" pagination="189 - 200" refId="ref58781" refString="Kozlikova-Zapomelova, E., Ferrari, G. &amp; del Perez, M. C. (2016) Dolichospermum uruguayense sp. nov., a planktic nostocacean cyanobacterium from the Lower Uruguay River, South America. Fottea 16 (2): 189 - 200." type="journal article" year="2016">
Kozlíková-Zapomělová
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61801261CEE8555F1D0D9A885" italics="true" pageId="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
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.
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Akinetes always remote from heterocytes..........................................................................................................................................2 Akinetes either remote from, or adjacent to heterocytes....................................................................................................................5 Apical cells bluntly rounded, and generally undifferentiated.............................................................................................................3 Apical cells conically rounded...........................................................................................................................................................4 Akinetes cylindrical with bluntly rounded ends, 15.5–17.0 μm long × 5.0–6.5 μm wide, exospore undifferentiated...........
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE725354D513AE5E" box="[1376,1391,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="28">A</emphasis>
. sp. A Akinetes rounded cylindrical, 15.5–24.0 μm long × 7.0–11.5 μm wide, exospore radially striated ........................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE1B5377D144AE17" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="alatospora">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE1B5377D564AE33" box="[1289,1304,304,325]" italics="true" pageId="28">A</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE515377D5D7AE33" box="[1347,1451,304,325]" italics="true" pageId="28">alatospora</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells isodiametric or up to 2 × longer than broad, akinetes cylindrical, sometimes concave towards the centre .............. .......................................................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE31532ED144AEED" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="oblonga">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE31532ED544AE08" box="[1315,1336,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="28">A.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE4E532ED5D7AE08" box="[1372,1451,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="28">oblonga</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells isodiametric or shorter than broad, akinetes uniformly cylindrical ......................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE3E53C1D14EAECE" ID-CoL="D9T2" authority="Filaments" authorityName="Filaments" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE3E53C1D5D7AEED" box="[1324,1451,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. inaequalis</emphasis>
Filaments
</taxonomicName>
straight or only slightly flexuous.......................................................................................................................................6 Filaments flexuous to irregularly coiled and contorted......................................................................................................................8 Heterocytes cylindrical, L:B ratio 1.4–2.1 ........................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE2E539BD13AAD78" authority="Heterocytes" authorityName="Heterocytes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Nodularia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="willei">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE2E539BD52EAE87" box="[1340,1362,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="28">A.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE67539BD5D6AE87" box="[1397,1450,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="28">willei</emphasis>
Heterocytes
</taxonomicName>
spherical to ovate............................................................................................................................................................7 Akinetes widely cylindrical, flatly rounded at the ends .....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE525051D154AD3E" ID-CoL="D9TG" authority="Akinetes" authorityName="Akinetes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="torulosa">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE525051D5D7AD5D" box="[1344,1451,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. torulosa</emphasis>
Akinetes
</taxonomicName>
oblong-ovate to cylindrical with rounded ends ..........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE1F5074D5D7AD3E" ID-CoL="D9T9" authorityName="Bory de Saint-Vincent ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[1293,1451,563,584]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="oscillarioides">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE1F5074D5D7AD3E" box="[1293,1451,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. oscillarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Apical cell conically rounded..........................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE3D5017D5D6AD13" ID-CoL="D9SV" authorityName="Lemmermann" authorityYear="1896" box="[1327,1450,592,613]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE3D5017D5D6AD13" box="[1327,1450,592,613]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Apical cell bluntly rounded and generally undifferentiated...............................................................................................................9 Akinetes rounded cylindrical, exospore covered with long flexuous hair-like processes...........................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE0B50CED154ADCD" authority="Akinetes" authorityName="Akinetes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="wallumensis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE0B50CED5D7ADE8" box="[1305,1451,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. wallumensis</emphasis>
Akinetes
</taxonomicName>
long cylindrical with rounded ends, exospore smooth...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEFE350E1D5D7ADCD" authorityName="Schmidle" authorityYear="1899" box="[1265,1451,678,699]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="augustumalis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEFE350E1D57BADCD" box="[1265,1287,678,699]" italics="true" pageId="28">A.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE3950E1D5D7ADCD" box="[1323,1451,678,699]" italics="true" pageId="28">augustumalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61802261FEB9A5171D15BAC39" box="[136,295,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="24">Hapalosiphon</emphasis>
Nägeli ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 53)
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<typeStatus id="3C7688061802261FEB9A511BD0C7AC07" box="[136,187,860,881]" pageId="24">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271802261FEBD6511BD2B9AC07" authority="Kirchner ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1887: 61)" authorityName="Kirchner ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1887" box="[196,709,860,881]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Stigonemataceae" genus="Hapalosiphon" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="24" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="pumilus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61802261FEBD6511BD152AC07" box="[196,302,860,881]" italics="true" pageId="24">H. pumilus</emphasis>
Kirchner ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1887: 61)
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<paragraph id="E37236A41802261FEB9A51E5D4BDABE5" blockId="24.[136,1452,930,1351]" pageId="24">Filamentous thallose; thallus composed of irregular filamentous clusters, attached to the substratum, epiphytic on aquatic plants, or free floating in the metaphyton. Filaments irregularly arcuate, with uniseriate trichomes; with true, T-type branching, morphologically undifferentiated between the main and lateral trichomes, rarely with branches that are slightly narrower. Sheaths thin, colourless, rarely indistinctly layered. Heterocytes intercalary, uncommon in lateral branches. Vegetative cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, distinctly constricted at the cross walls, sometimes with finely and sparsely granular contents. Heterocytes intercalary, cylindrical. Reproduction by hormogonia with aerotopes, separating from trichomes at the ends of lateral branches through the formation of necridic cells.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41802261FEBAF56D9D165AA31" blockId="24.[136,1452,930,1351]" pageId="24">
A cosmopolitan genus comprising 28 species; three are described here from freshwater habitats of north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341802261FEB9A5685D08EABAD" box="[136,242,1218,1243]" name="Australia" pageId="24">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Most species grow in standing waters amongst aquatic macrophytes and in the metaphyton of littoral areas of lakes and lacustrine wetlands. Several species prefer moors and peaty waters, one species occurs in thermal waters, two species grow subaerophytically. Bibliography: Siva &amp; Sant’Anna (1990),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551802261FE8D5574DD412AA55" author="Hindak, F." box="[967,1134,1290,1315]" pageId="24" pagination="1075 - 1079" refId="ref57166" refString="Hindak, F. (2012) Hormogonia in two nostocalean cyanophytes (cyanobacteria) from the genera Hapalosiphon and Fischerella. Biologia 67 (6): 1075 - 1079. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11756 - 012 - 0100 - 3" type="journal article" year="2012">Hindák (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
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Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61802261FEB9A5769D0BCAA31" box="[136,192,1326,1351]" italics="true" pageId="24">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
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.
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Cells of the main filament and branches usually of the same dimensions .....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271802261FEE3A5736D178AAD5" ID-CoL="3JKKF" authority="Cells" authorityName="Cells" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Stigonemataceae" genus="Hapalosiphon" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="24" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="hibernicus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61802261FEE3A5736D5D6AAF0" box="[1320,1450,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="24">H. hibernicus</emphasis>
Cells
</taxonomicName>
of the main filament usually larger than the branches...............................................................................................................2 Filaments flexuous to irregularly coiled (6–) 8–20 μm wide.............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271802261FEE5357ECD14EAAAA" ID-CoL="3JKKJ" authority="Filaments" authorityName="Filaments" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Stigonemataceae" genus="Hapalosiphon" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="24" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="pumilus">
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Filaments
</taxonomicName>
flexuous, 5.5–9.0 μm wide ..........................................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61802261FEE0E5780D5D6AAAA" box="[1308,1450,1479,1500]" italics="true" pageId="24">H. welwitschia</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61803261EEB9A52D8D1F3AFCE" bold="true" box="[136,399,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="25">Hapalosiphon pumilus</emphasis>
Kirchner ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1887: 61)
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A211803261EE86052D8D474AFCE" box="[882,1032,159,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="103.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-12@103.[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURE 29. A–E Hapalosiphon pumilus; B–C Hormogonia with aerotopes. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="25">Figs. 29 A–E</figureCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="E37236A41803261EEB9A52A0D515AE8A" blockId="25.[136,1452,231,904]" pageId="25">Thallus composed of clusters of densely entangled blue-green to olive-green coloured filaments. Filaments richly branched, flexuous to irregularly coiled (6–) 8–20 μm wide. Branches vertically divicariate, erect, often slightly narrower than the main filament. Sheaths fine, colourless to yellow-brown in colour, and thickened in mature filaments. Trichomes cylindrical, clearly constricted at the cross walls, particularly in older filaments, branches less so; cells towards the apices of branches usually very short. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped and ± isodiametric in older filaments; in branches, cylindrical and up to 2–4 × longer than wide, 6.9–12.5 (–28) μm long × 5.7–12.0 μm wide. Heterocytes isodiametric to elongated cylindrical, 7.5–18.2 (–30) μm long × 4.2–7.4 (–13) μm wide. Reproduction by the production of 14–50 celled hormogonia which arise at the ends of branches and typically contain aerotopes.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61803261EEBAF5040D1C1AD56" bold="true" box="[189,445,519,544]" pageId="25">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Archer R. wetland #1, Freshwater L., Great Sandy Natl Park, Cooloola Section, Boomerang L., Great Sandy Natl Park, Fraser Is. Section, Cockatoo Ck at Heathlands, Honey Eater L., Moreton Is. Natl Park, Moon Point Fens, Great Sandy Natl Park, Fraser Is. Section, Blue L., Eighteen Mile Swamp, Naree Budjong Djara National Park, North Stradbroke Is., Rainbow Beach Fens, Great Sandy Natl Park, Cooloola Section, Saucepan Spring at Eliot Ck, Swallow Lagoon, Naree Budjong Djara Natl Park, North Stradbroke Is., Tortoise Lagoon, Naree Budjong Djara Natl Park, North Stradbroke Is., Welsby Lagoon, North Stradbroke Island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41803261EEBAF5098D41EAC6A" blockId="25.[136,1452,231,904]" pageId="25">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61803261EEBAF5098D114AD8E" bold="true" box="[189,360,735,760]" pageId="25">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461803261EEA9B5098D268AD8E" box="[393,532,735,760]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="25">Queensland</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551803261EE9335098D2BCAD8E" author="Bailey, F. M." box="[545,704,735,760]" pageId="25" refId="ref54249" refString="Bailey, F. M. (1893) Contributions to the Queensland Flora. Queensland Freshwater Algae. Bot. Bull., Dept. Agric., Queensland, No. 6." type="book" year="1893">Bailey (1893)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551803261EE9DC5098D311AD8E" author="Bailey, F. M." box="[718,877,735,760]" pageId="25" refId="ref54284" refString="Bailey, F. M. (1895) Contributions to the Queensland Flora. Queensland Freshwater Algae. Bot. Bull., Dept. Agric., Queensland, No. 11." type="book" year="1895">Bailey (1895)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551803261EE8695098D475AD8E" author="Cribb, A. B." box="[891,1033,735,760]" pageId="25" pagination="132 - 133" refId="ref55018" refString="Cribb, A. B. (1976) Some algae from Blackdown Tableland. Queensland Naturalist 21: 132 - 133." type="journal article" year="1976">Cribb (1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551803261EEF045098D42EAD8E" author="Cribb, A. B." box="[1046,1106,735,760]" pageId="25" pagination="7 - 11" refId="ref54994" refString="Cribb, A. B. (1974) Some freshwater algae from Fraser Island. Queensland Naturalist 21: 7 - 11." type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551803261EEF7A5098D562AD8E" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[1128,1310,735,760]" pageId="25" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461803261EEE3E5098D0ACAC6A" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="25">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551803261EEBC95144D1F4AC6A" author="Playfair, G. I." box="[219,392,771,796]" pageId="25" pagination="219 - 262" refId="ref61332" refString="Playfair, G. I. (1917) Census of New South Wales freshwater algae. In: Maiden, J. H. &amp; Betche, E. (Eds.) A Census of New South Wales Plants, Suppl. 1: 219 - 262." type="journal article" year="1917">Playfair (1917)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461803261EEA865144D21BAC6A" box="[404,615,771,796]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="25">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551803261EE9635144D301AC6A" author="Scott, A. M. &amp; Prescott, G. W." box="[625,893,771,796]" pageId="25" pagination="9 - 136" refId="ref61843" refString="Scott, A. M. &amp; Prescott, G. W. (1958) Some freshwater algae from Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. Records of the American-Australian Science Expedition to Arnhem Land 3: 9 - 136." type="journal article" year="1958">Scott &amp; Prescott (1958)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551803261EE89A5144D422AC6A" author="Thomasson, K." box="[904,1118,771,796]" pageId="25" pagination="301 - 378" refId="ref62829" refString="Thomasson, K. (1986) Algal vegetation in North Australian billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42: 301 - 378." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomasson (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41803261EEBAF5160D2D2ACFE" blockId="25.[136,1452,231,904]" pageId="25">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61803261EEBAF5160D120AC36" bold="true" box="[189,348,807,832]" pageId="25">Observations</emphasis>
:—Common in the littoral areas of wallum lakes and peaty wetlands, where it forms conspicuous colonies on the benthos, or attached to aquatic vegetation. Masses of hormogonia have been observed in the plankton of wallum lakes during spring and early summer.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EB9A5527D082A80F" bold="true" box="[136,254,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="30">Anabaena</emphasis>
cf.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EBAF52AFD1C9AE77" bold="true" box="[189,437,232,257]" pageId="31">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Palmer R. at NESP Red.
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:—The material from north Queensland, as compared to the original description of
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, was slightly wider and had akinetes which lacked coloured exospores. The observed material formed fine, flat, mucilaginous mats on sandy and silty substrates in the littoral areas and backwaters of a tropical river.
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<mods:identifier id="B5D04AEE559F96E840658BC2DD6447D4" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
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<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18042619EB9A504FD1AEAC6B" pageId="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EB9A504FD38AAD57" blockId="30.[136,1014,520,545]" box="[136,1014,520,545]" pageId="30">
<heading id="B83A81C818042619EB9A504FD38AAD57" box="[136,1014,520,545]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718042619EB9A504FD318AD57" ID-CoL="D9TG" ID-ENA="156211" authority="Lagerheim ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 236)" authorityName="Lagerheim ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="1886" box="[136,868,520,545]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="30" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="torulosa">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EB9A504FD118AD57" bold="true" box="[136,356,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="30">Anabaena torulosa</emphasis>
Lagerheim ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 236)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A2118042619E878504FD38EAD57" box="[874,1010,520,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="111.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-12@111.[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 37. A–B Anabaena inaequalis; C–F Anabaena torulosa. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="30">Fig. 37 C–F</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EB9A5017D1AEAC6B" blockId="30.[136,1452,592,1013]" pageId="30">Filaments benthic, often tycoplanktonic; trichomes solitary, growing amongst other algae or forming prostrate mats, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, distinctly constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped, ± isodiametric, (2.0–) 3.5–5.0 μm long × 4–7 (–8) μm broad, blue-green in colour; apical cells conical. Heterocytes solitary, spherical to ovate, 6–10 μm long × 6–8 μm broad. Akinetes solitary or in series, widely cylindrical, flatly rounded at the ends, (5.5–) 14–24 (–28) μm long × (5–) 7–12 μm broad, epispore smooth, brownish-green in colour, adjacent to and on either side of the heterocytes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18042619EBAF516FD52FAC83" pageId="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EBAF516FD42FAC13" blockId="30.[136,1452,592,1013]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EBAF516FD1C4AC37" bold="true" box="[189,440,808,833]" pageId="30">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Bill Gunn Dam, Burnett R. at Ned Churchward Weir, Fairbairn Dam, Paradise Dam, Sandy Ck at Wivenhoe-Somerset Rd Crossing, Sheepstation Ck at Kilcoy-Murgon Rd.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EBAF5137D452ACDB" blockId="30.[136,1452,592,1013]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EBAF5137D11AACFF" bold="true" box="[189,358,880,905]" pageId="30">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619EA955137D26EACFF" box="[391,530,880,905]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619E9575137D2B0ACFF" box="[581,716,880,905]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E9CA5137D3F0ACFF" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[728,908,880,905]" pageId="30" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619E88A5137D435ACFF" box="[920,1097,880,905]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="30">South Australia</collectingRegion>
, River Murray at Ross Lagoon, Warren Res., Strathalbyn Res., Bundaleer Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E9B251D3D34BACDB" author="Baker, P. D." box="[672,823,916,941]" pageId="30" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E85051D3D456ACDB" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[834,1066,916,941]" pageId="30" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EBAF51FFD52FAC83" blockId="30.[136,1452,592,1013]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EBAF51FFD120ACA7" bold="true" box="[189,348,952,977]" pageId="30">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing on the benthos in shallow littoral areas of lakes and backwaters of streams, usually on fine, unconsolidated sediments. Considered a cosmopolitan species with a wide distribution (Komárek 2013).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="EB2AE7BE1B6B1F84DA4B11D1CBDE4C68">Freshwater Cyanobacteria of North-Eastern Australia: 3. Nostocales</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18042619EB9A5663D163AAD3" pageId="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EB9A5663D334AB4B" blockId="30.[136,840,1060,1085]" box="[136,840,1060,1085]" pageId="30">
<heading id="B83A81C818042619EB9A5663D334AB4B" box="[136,840,1060,1085]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718042619EB9A5663D22FAB4B" authority="G. B. McGregor" authorityName="G. B. McGregor" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,595,1060,1085]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="30" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="wallumensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EB9A5663D1E8AB4B" bold="true" box="[136,404,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="30">Anabaena wallumensis</emphasis>
G. B. McGregor
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619E9485663D2D3AB4B" box="[602,687,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CA8A57CD18042619E9485663D2D3AB4B" box="[602,687,1060,1085]" pageId="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A2118042619E9A75663D338AB4B" box="[693,836,1060,1085]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="113.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 39. A–D Anabaena wallumensis. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="30">Fig. 39 A–D</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EB9A562BD163AAD3" blockId="30.[136,1452,1132,1841]" pageId="30">Filaments entangled in loose mucilaginous clusters, dispersed among other cyanobacteria and microalgae in periphytic mats. Trichomes flexuous, ± irregularly coiled, deeply constricted at cross walls, not attenuated towards ends, 3.1– 5.0 μm wide, with a sub-symmetric structure, one heterocyte occurring every (10–) 24–40 (–52) vegetative cells. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped, isodiametric or up to 1.7 × longer than wide, (3.1–) 4.0–5.0 μm long × 5.6–7.5 (–8.5) μm wide, with granulated blue-green contents; apical cells rounded and undifferentiated. Heterocytes intercalary, sub-spherical to cylindrical, 1.5 × longer than wide, 4.5–7.0 μm long × 6.0–8.5 (–10) μm wide, occasionally in pairs. Akinetes rounded cylindrical, solitary and always adjacent to heterocytes, 2.2–2.7 × longer than wide, 7.5–11 μm long × 18–22 (–27) μm wide, endospore pale golden brown, exospore covered with flexuous hair-like processes, up to 6.3 μm in length.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18042619EBAF57F7D538A847" pageId="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EBAF57F7D376A943" blockId="30.[136,1452,1132,1841]" pageId="30">
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF918042619EBAF57F7D376A943" collectionCode="BRI" collectorName="Moon Point Fens &amp; Fraser Is. &amp; Etymology &amp; Kabi &amp; Banksia &amp; R. Brown" latitude="-25.213568" location="Herbarium" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="153.06012" municipality="Preserved" pageId="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EBAF57F7D156AABF" bold="true" box="[189,298,1456,1481]" pageId="30">
<typeStatus id="3C76880618042619EBAF57F7D156AABF" box="[189,298,1456,1481]" pageId="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingMunicipality id="0316ACDE18042619EA5957F7D1C1AABF" box="[331,445,1456,1481]" pageId="30">Preserved</collectingMunicipality>
specimen deposited in the
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619E9E457F7D306AABF" box="[758,890,1456,1481]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
<location id="E612607F18042619E89157F7D380AABF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B218042619EB9A5663D538A847:E612607F18042619E89157F7D380AABF" box="[899,1020,1456,1481]" latitude="-25.213568" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="153.06012" municipality="Preserved" name="Herbarium" pageId="30" stateProvince="Queensland">Herbarium</location>
(
<collectionCode id="85DCAE6118042619EF1C57F7D43DAABF" box="[1038,1089,1456,1481]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15847" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15847" name="Queensland Herbarium" pageId="30" type="Herbarium">BRI</collectionCode>
), accession number AQ826841. Type locality:
<collectorName id="4E38537218042619EA3B5793D190AA9B" box="[297,492,1492,1517]" pageId="30">Moon Point Fens</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E38537218042619EAE55793D222AA9B" box="[503,606,1492,1517]" pageId="30">Fraser Is.</collectorName>
(
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25
<superScript id="14B89BEC18042619E9985795D2EEAA96" attach="none" box="[650,658,1490,1504]" fontSize="6" pageId="30">o</superScript>
12’48.84” S
</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="86F9506318042619E8355793D3A4AA9B" box="[807,984,1490,1517]" degrees="153" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" precision="1" seconds="36.43" value="153.06012">
153
<superScript id="14B89BEC18042619E8435795D325AA96" attach="none" box="[849,857,1490,1504]" fontSize="6" pageId="30">o</superScript>
3’36.43” E
</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectorName id="4E38537218042619E8F95793D410AA9B" box="[1003,1132,1492,1517]" pageId="30">Etymology</collectorName>
: the specific epithet refers to the indigenous
<collectorName id="4E38537218042619EA2157BFD115A967" box="[307,361,1528,1553]" pageId="30">Kabi</collectorName>
word for the wallum banksia (
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619E9D057BFD309A967" box="[706,885,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="30">
<collectorName id="4E38537218042619E9D057BFD360A967" box="[706,796,1528,1553]" pageId="30">Banksia</collectorName>
aemula
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="4E38537218042619E86E57BFD396A967" box="[892,1002,1528,1553]" pageId="30">R. Brown</collectorName>
) which is used to describe coastal shrub and heathlands on deep, nutrient-poor, acidic sandy soils.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EBAF5407D3B2A90B" blockId="30.[136,1452,1132,1841]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EBAF5407D1C8A92F" bold="true" box="[189,436,1600,1625]" pageId="30">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Boomerang Lakes, Lake Jennings, Moon Point Fens at Great Sandy Natl Park, Fraser Is. Section, Rainbow Beach Fens at Great Sandy Natl Park, Cooloola Section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EBAF54CFD538A847" blockId="30.[136,1452,1132,1841]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EBAF54CFD120A9D7" bold="true" box="[189,348,1672,1697]" pageId="30">Observations</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718042619EA9254CFD254A9D7" authorityName="G. B. McGregor" authorityYear="2018" box="[384,552,1672,1697]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="30" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="wallumensis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EA9254CFD254A9D7" box="[384,552,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="30">A. wallumensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphological similar to a number of benthic species known from tropical and subtropical marshy habitats, which have large cylindrical akinetes adjacent to intercalary heterocytes (
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718042619EFF854EBD5D8A9B3" box="[1258,1444,1708,1733]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="30" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="fuscovaginata">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EFF854EBD5D8A9B3" box="[1258,1444,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="30">A. fuscovaginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718042619EB9A5497D16DA99F" authorityName="Bharadwaja" authorityYear="1935" box="[136,273,1744,1769]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="30" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="iyengarii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EB9A5497D16DA99F" box="[136,273,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="30">A. iyengarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718042619EA365497D1D8A99F" authorityName="Wildeman" authorityYear="1897" box="[292,420,1744,1769]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="30" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="oblonga">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EA365497D1D8A99F" box="[292,420,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="30">A. oblonga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718042619EAA55497D23DA99F" box="[439,577,1744,1769]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="30" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EAA55497D23DA99F" box="[439,577,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="30">A. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, in
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718042619E9E55497D3D9A99F" authorityName="G. B. McGregor" authorityYear="2018" box="[759,933,1744,1769]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="30" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="wallumensis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619E9E55497D3D9A99F" box="[759,933,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="30">A. wallumensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the mature exospore is densely covered in distinctive, flexuous hair-like processes. The material was observed growing in the metaphyton of several shallow peaty wetlands amongst emergent sedges, and in the littoral areas of acidic perched lakes in SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619EFAA555FD53CA847" box="[1208,1344,1816,1841]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EB9A5631D094ABF9" box="[136,232,1142,1167]" italics="true" pageId="31">Aulosira</emphasis>
Kirchner ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 256)
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:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EBD656DBD174ABC7" box="[196,264,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="31">A. laxa</emphasis>
Kirchner ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 256)
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<paragraph id="E37236A418052618EB9A56A5D158AAA5" blockId="31.[136,1452,1250,1635]" pageId="31">Filaments solitary or together in loose irregular clusters, rarely in mats, or growing epiphytically, with firm, distinct, colourless sheaths enveloping one or rarely two trichomes, open at the ends. Trichomes cylindrical, uniseriate, isopolar, constricted to almost unconstricted at the cross-walls, metameric, straight to slightly flexuous. Vegetative cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, ± isodiametric to longer than wide, blue-green, pale grey blue, olive-green or reddish in colour; aerotopes only known from one species, often with prominent granules; terminal cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes solitary, intercalary, spherical, oval or cylindrical. Akinetes develop apoheterocytically, elongated, oval to cylindrical.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418052618EBAF5799D3DDA915" blockId="31.[136,1452,1250,1635]" pageId="31">
A widely distributed, but poorly known genus of 30 species. The majority are metaphytic or benthic, known from shallow freshwater habitats or growing on soils; one species is marine. Here three species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418052618EBCD5461D135A949" box="[223,329,1574,1599]" name="Australia" pageId="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
; one further species is known from elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418052618E8915461D391A949" box="[899,1005,1574,1599]" name="Australia" pageId="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518052618EF8D5461D5DBA949" author="Lukesova, A. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; Martin, M. P. &amp; Casamatta, D. A." box="[1183,1447,1574,1599]" pageId="31" pagination="118 - 129" refId="ref59630" refString="Lukesova, A., Johansen, J. R., Martin, M. P. &amp; Casamatta, D. A. (2009) Aulosira bohemensis sp. nov.: further phylogenetic uncertainty at the base of the Nostocales (Cyanobacteria). Phycologia 48 (2): 118 - 129." type="journal article" year="2009">
Lukešová
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EE045461D52CA949" box="[1302,1360,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="31">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518052618EA42540DD237A915" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[336,587,1610,1635]" pageId="31" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EAAD540DD18BA915" box="[447,503,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="31">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518052618E945540DD3E1A915" author="Hindakova, A. &amp; Hindak, F." box="[599,925,1610,1635]" pageId="31" pagination="494 - 499" refId="ref57274" refString="Hindakova, A. &amp; Hindak, F. (2017) Life cycle of Aulosira epiphytica comb. nova (Cyanobacteria) just completed. Biologia 72 (5): 494 - 499." type="journal article" year="2017">Hindáková &amp; Hindák (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="583C959118052618EB9A54EDD0ECA9C9" box="[136,144,1706,1727]" pageId="31">-</keyLead>
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<keyStep id="58392E0118052618EB9A5480D0E6A9AA" box="[136,154,1735,1756]" pageId="31">2.</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="583C959118052618EB9A54A4D0ECA98E" box="[136,144,1763,1784]" pageId="31">-</keyLead>
Vegetative cells shorter than wide......................................................................................................................................................2 Vegetative cells isodiametric, up to 2 × longer than broad......................................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EE7254EDD513A9C9" box="[1376,1391,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="31">A</emphasis>
. sp. A Akinetes either adjacent to or remote from heterocytes...........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718052618EE755480D154A98E" ID-CoL="5VXVK" authority="Akinetes" authorityName="Akinetes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Aulosira" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="31" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="laxa">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EE755480D5D6A9AA" box="[1383,1450,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="31">A. laxa</emphasis>
Akinetes
</taxonomicName>
always remote from heterocytes.................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718052618EE1F54A4D5D7A98E" authorityName="Hindakova &amp; Hindak" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Gardner" box="[1293,1451,1763,1784]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Aulosira" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="31" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="epiphytica">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EE1F54A4D55FA98E" box="[1293,1315,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="31">A.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618052618EE5554A4D5D7A98E" box="[1351,1451,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="31">epiphytica</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEB9A552CD104A8F2" bold="true" box="[136,376,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="28">Anabaena cylindrica</emphasis>
Lemmermann (1896: 186)
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A211806261BE9BC552CD347A8F2" box="[686,827,1899,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="110.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-16@110.[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 36. A–B Anabaena cylindrica; C–D, G–H Anabaena oscillarioides; E–F Anabaena cf. augstumalis. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="28">Fig. 36 A–B</figureCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="E37236A41806261AEB9A55F4D1B2AE77" blockId="28.[136,1452,1971,2068]" lastBlockId="29.[136,1452,160,437]" lastPageId="29" pageId="28">Filaments aggregated into fine mucilaginous mats. Trichomes flexuous to irregularly coiled, and variously entangled, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends. Vegetative cells isodiametric or up to 1.5 × longer than wide, 3.9–5.6 μm long × 3.4–4.6 μm wide; apical cells conically rounded. Heterocytes intercalary, spherical to cylindrical, 6.5–8.1 (–10.0) μm long × 4.3–5.5 μm wide. Akinetes cylindrical with rounded ends, solitary or up to five in series, located either side of the heterocytes, 2.5–4.5 × longer than wide, 16–25 (–31) μm long × 5.5–7.0 μm wide, exospore smooth, colourless.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E37236A41807261AEBAF534BD4BEAE53" blockId="29.[136,1452,160,437]" box="[189,1218,268,293]" pageId="29">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEBAF534BD1C9AE53" bold="true" box="[189,437,268,293]" pageId="29">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Eurong Beach stream at Great Sandy Natl Park, Fraser Is. Section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41807261AEBAF5377D3C0AE3F" blockId="29.[136,1452,160,437]" box="[189,956,304,329]" pageId="29">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEBAF5377D119AE3F" bold="true" box="[189,357,304,329]" pageId="29">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461807261AEA955377D2C1AE3F" box="[391,701,304,329]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="29">New South Wales, Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551807261AE9D55377D3C4AE3F" author="Sullivan, C. M. &amp; Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D." box="[711,952,304,329]" pageId="29" refId="ref62784" refString="Sullivan, C. M., Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D. (1988) Phytoplankton of the River Murray. Review of Monitoring 1980 - 1985. Water Quality Report No. 2. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra." type="book" year="1988">
Sullivan
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AE8395377D31FAE3F" box="[811,867,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="29">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41807261AEBAF5313D1A9AEC3" blockId="29.[136,1452,160,437]" pageId="29">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEBAF5313D120AE1B" bold="true" box="[189,348,340,365]" pageId="29">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing along the edges of shallow coastal sandy streams and soaks. Widely distributed throughout the temperate zone where it has been observed as either periphytic on aquatic plants, or as part of the metaphyton (Komárek 2013).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEB9A50ACD1DEAC72" bold="true" box="[136,418,747,772]" pageId="28">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEB9A50ACD082AC72" bold="true" box="[136,254,747,772]" italics="true" pageId="28">Anabaena</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEA3B50ACD1DEAC72" bold="true" box="[297,418,747,772]" italics="true" pageId="28">alatospora</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Gonzalves &amp; Kamat (1959)
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A211806261BE9F550ACD308AC72" box="[743,884,747,772]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="109.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[277,1311,191,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-12@109.[277,1311,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 35. A–C Anabaena cf. alatospora; D Cronbergia siamensis. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="28">Fig. 35 A–C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41806261BEB9A5174D557AB76" blockId="28.[136,1452,819,1240]" pageId="28">Filaments single or entangled in loose mucilaginous clusters dispersed amongst aquatic plants and other algae. Trichomes flexuous, irregularly twisted, deeply constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells spherical to barrel-shaped, up to 1.6 × longer than wide, 3.0–5.0 μm long × 3.5–5.0 μm wide, with granulated blue-green contents; apical cells rounded and undifferentiated. Heterocytes intercalary, sub-spherical to cylindrical, up to 1.7 × longer than wide, 6.0–9.5 μm long × 3.5–6.0 μm wide. Akinetes solitary, intercalary, always remote from the heterocytes, rounded cylindrical, 15.5–24.0 μm long × 7.0–11.5 wide, endospore pale yellow-brown, exospore radially striated.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="ABD7652F1806261BEBAF564CD423ABAE" pageId="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A41806261BEBAF564CD12DAB3E" blockId="28.[136,1452,819,1240]" pageId="28">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEBAF564CD1CBAB52" bold="true" box="[189,439,1035,1060]" pageId="28">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Amity Swamp, North Stradbroke Is., Rainbow Beach Fens at Great Sandy Natl Park, Cooloola Section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41806261BEBAF5614D423ABAE" blockId="28.[136,1452,819,1240]" pageId="28">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEBAF5614D120AB1A" bold="true" box="[189,348,1107,1132]" pageId="28">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing amongst other algae and aquatic plants, in shallow, acidic, coastal wetlands and in the littoral area of perched lakes.
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BE9145630D2E3ABE6" authorityName="Gonzalves &amp; Kamat" authorityYear="1959" box="[518,671,1143,1168]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="alatospora">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BE9145630D2E3ABE6" box="[518,671,1143,1168]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. alatospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from puddles in Mysore State,
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341806261BEE375630D523ABE6" box="[1317,1375,1143,1168]" name="India" pageId="28">India</collectingCountry>
where it formed mucilaginous mats, not singly dispersed or in small mucilaginous clusters as was observed for the material described here. However, the radially striated exospore is a distinctive common feature.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEB9A5740D1C9AA56" bold="true" box="[136,437,1287,1312]" pageId="28">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEB9A5740D082AA56" bold="true" box="[136,254,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="28">Anabaena</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEA3B5740D1C9AA56" bold="true" box="[297,437,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="28">augstumalis</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Schmidle (1900: 174)
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A211806261BE9A55740D342AA56" box="[695,830,1287,1312]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="110.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-16@110.[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 36. A–B Anabaena cylindrica; C–D, G–H Anabaena oscillarioides; E–F Anabaena cf. augstumalis. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="28">Fig. 36 E–F</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="E37236A41806261BEB9A5708D279A96A" blockId="28.[136,1452,1359,1852]" pageId="28">Filaments benthic, epiphytic, solitary, or clustered together into small mats. Trichomes flexuous, with fine, indistinct mucilage, cylindrical, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped to shortly cylindrical, isodiametric, or up to 1.6 × longer than broad, (3.2–) 4–5 μm long × 3–4 μm broad, without aerotopes; apical cells rounded. Heterocytes spherical to oval, intercalary, solitary, (5.0–) 6.0–8.7 μm long × 4.3–6.0 μm broad. Akinetes long cylindrical with rounded ends, solitary or in pairs, remote from or adjacent to heterocytes, 18–28 μm long × 6–10 μm broad.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E37236A41806261BEBAF5460D344A936" blockId="28.[136,1452,1359,1852]" box="[189,824,1575,1600]" pageId="28">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEBAF5460D1C9A936" bold="true" box="[189,437,1575,1600]" pageId="28">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Brown L., North Stradbroke Is.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41806261BEBAF540CD341A912" blockId="28.[136,1452,1359,1852]" box="[189,829,1611,1636]" pageId="28">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEBAF540CD119A912" bold="true" box="[189,357,1611,1636]" pageId="28">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461806261BEA97540CD224A912" box="[389,600,1611,1636]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="28">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551806261BE971540CD345A912" author="Thomasson, K." box="[611,825,1611,1636]" pageId="28" pagination="301 - 378" refId="ref62829" refString="Thomasson, K. (1986) Algal vegetation in North Australian billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42: 301 - 378." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomasson (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41806261BEBAF5428D0A6A84A" blockId="28.[136,1452,1359,1852]" pageId="28">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEBAF5428D120A9FE" bold="true" box="[189,348,1647,1672]" pageId="28">Observations</emphasis>
:—Uncommon, observed as part of the periphyhton attached to the emergent sedge,
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BEE2C5428D1D8A9DA" authority="(Retz.) Domin" authorityName="Domin" baseAuthorityName="Retz." class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lepironia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="articulata">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEE2C5428D08AA9DA" italics="true" pageId="28">Lepironia articulata</emphasis>
(Retz.) Domin
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, in the littoral zone of an acidic perched lake.
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BE8A254D4D418A9DA" authorityName="Schmidle" authorityYear="1899" box="[944,1124,1683,1708]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="augustumalis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BE8A254D4D418A9DA" box="[944,1124,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. augustumalis</emphasis>
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is known from similar peaty habitats throughout the temperate zone. Several varieties have been described including forms with smaller and larger cell dimensions. It has been designated
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BE92D549CD227A982" box="[575,603,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="28">cf.</emphasis>
here as the Brown L. material observed differs from typical
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BEFE5549CD5D7A982" box="[1271,1451,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. augustumalis</emphasis>
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by its smaller vegetative cell size, being closer in dimensions to
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271806261BE85D54B8D0AAA84A" authority="Tarnavschi &amp; Mitroiu (1956)" authorityName="Tarnavschi &amp; Mitroiu" authorityYear="1956" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="28" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="variety" species="augustumalis" variety="longispora">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61806261BE85D54B8D478A86E" box="[847,1028,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="28">A. augustumalis</emphasis>
var.
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Tarnavschi &amp; Mitroiu (1956)
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.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEB9A5497D1E1A99F" bold="true" box="[136,413,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="29">Anabaena oscillarioides</emphasis>
Bory de Saint-Vincent ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 233)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A211807261AEF375497D484A99F" box="[1061,1272,1744,1769]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="110.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-16@110.[274,1314,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 36. A–B Anabaena cylindrica; C–D, G–H Anabaena oscillarioides; E–F Anabaena cf. augstumalis. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="29">Fig. 36 C–D, G–H</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41807261AEB9A555FD576A8B7" blockId="29.[136,1452,1816,2093]" pageId="29">Filaments benthic, sometimes tycoplanktonic; trichomes solitary, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, distinctly constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells short barrel-shaped, ± isodiametric, 2.0–6.5 μm long × 4.0–5.5 (–6.5) μm broad, blue-green in colour; apical cells rounded or slightly conical. Heterocytes solitary, spherical to ovate, 5–10 μm long × 5–8 μm broad. Akinetes solitary, or up to two in series, cylindrical to oblong-ovate with rounded ends, (5–) 10–20 (–40) μm long × 6–10 μm broad, with a smooth, brownish-green exospore, adjacent to the heterocytes.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEBAF558BD1CAA893" bold="true" box="[189,438,1996,2021]" pageId="29">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Balonne R. near Brookdale, Balonne R. at Whenbah Bridge, Bill Gunn Dam, Bowen R. Weir, Burnett R. at Jones Weir, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Condamine R. at Chinchilla Weir Pondage, Condamine R. at Sunnyside, Cooper Ck at Tanbar Waterhole at Tanbar, Einasleigh R. at Talaroo, Fitzroy R. at Bingegang Weir, Lake Clarendon, Mary R. at Mary R. Barrage, Mary R. at Moy Pocket, Six Mile Ck at Bajool Weir, Tinaroo Falls Dam, Warrego R. at Red Waterhole at Binya, Yabba Ck at Bella Ck Rd.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EBAF52AFD2F7AEE7" blockId="30.[136,1452,160,473]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EBAF52AFD119AE77" bold="true" box="[189,357,232,257]" pageId="30">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619EA9452AFD26DAE77" box="[390,529,232,257]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E90952AFD2D2AE77" author="Cribb, A. B." box="[539,686,232,257]" pageId="30" pagination="24 - 46" refId="ref55069" refString="Cribb, A. B. (1986) Some algae from Kroombit Tops, Queensland. Queensland Naturalist 27: 24 - 46." type="journal article" year="1986">Cribb (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619E9F252AFD31BAE77" box="[736,871,232,257]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="30">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E86052AFD458AE77" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[882,1060,232,257]" pageId="30" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619EF2252AFD4AAAE77" author="Grimes, J. A." box="[1072,1238,232,257]" pageId="30" pagination="105 - 133" refId="ref56328" refString="Grimes, J. A. (1988) The algae. In: Scott, G. S. (Ed.) Lake Broadwater, The Natural History of an Inland Lake and its Environs. Darling Downs Institute Press [in association with Lake Broadwater Natural History Association], pp. 105 - 133." type="book chapter" year="1988">Grimes (1988)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619EFF352AFD53CAE77" box="[1249,1344,232,257]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="30">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619EE5B52AFD0A9AE53" author="Entwisle, T. J." pageId="30" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref55587" refString="Entwisle, T. J. (1989) Macroalgae in the Yarra River basin: flora and distribution. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 101: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1989">Entwisle (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, River Murray at Merbein, Murtho and Ross Lagoon,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E83F534BD3B8AE53" author="Baker, P. D." box="[813,964,268,293]" pageId="30" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619E8DC534BD4E5AE53" box="[974,1177,268,293]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="30">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619EFB0534BD0A9AE3F" author="Noble, J. C. &amp; Happey-Wood, C. M." pageId="30" pagination="170 - 284" refId="ref61006" refString="Noble, J. C. &amp; Happey-Wood, C. M. (1987) Some aspects of the ecology of algal communities in ricefields and rice irrigation systems of southern New South Wales. Journal of the Institute of Agricultural Science 53: 170 - 284." type="journal article" year="1987">Noble &amp; Happey-Wood (1987)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619EBCD5377D1FCAE3F" author="Playfair, G. I." box="[223,384,304,329]" pageId="30" pagination="310 - 362" refId="ref61277" refString="Playfair, G. I. (1915) Freshwater algae of the Lismore District: with an appendix of the algal funci and schizomycetes. Proceedings of the Linnean Socity of New South Wales 40: 310 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18876" type="journal article" year="1915">Playfair (1915</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619EA985377D1BAAE3F" author="Playfair, G. I." box="[394,454,304,329]" pageId="30" pagination="219 - 262" refId="ref61332" refString="Playfair, G. I. (1917) Census of New South Wales freshwater algae. In: Maiden, J. H. &amp; Betche, E. (Eds.) A Census of New South Wales Plants, Suppl. 1: 219 - 262." type="journal article" year="1917">1917</bibRefCitation>
), Namoi R. near Walgett,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E9F25377D30AAE3F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[736,886,304,329]" pageId="30" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619E86D5377D453AE3F" box="[895,1071,304,329]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="30">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Strathalbyn Res., Bundaleer Res., Baroota Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619EA395313D1B9AE1B" author="Baker, P. D." box="[299,453,340,365]" pageId="30" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, River Murray at Wilkadene, Murtho Park,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E8AF5313D4B9AE1B" author="Humpage, A. &amp; Gaget, V. &amp; Lau, M. &amp; Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S." box="[957,1221,340,365]" pageId="30" refId="ref57565" refString="Humpage, A., Gaget, V., Lau, M., Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S. (2013) CyanoSurvey: a national update on toxic cyanobacteria and their distribution. Final Report Project 1022, Water Research Australia Limited, Adelaide." type="journal volume" year="2013">
Humpage
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EF215313D412AE1B" box="[1075,1134,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="30">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618042619EFC15313D5D4AE1B" box="[1235,1448,340,365]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="30">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619EB9A533FD1EFAEE7" author="Scott, A. M. &amp; Prescott, G. W." box="[136,403,376,401]" pageId="30" pagination="9 - 136" refId="ref61843" refString="Scott, A. M. &amp; Prescott, G. W. (1958) Some freshwater algae from Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. Records of the American-Australian Science Expedition to Arnhem Land 3: 9 - 136." type="journal article" year="1958">Scott &amp; Prescott (1958)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619EA8D533FD2FBAEE7" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[415,647,376,401]" pageId="30" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418042619EBAF53DBD3DBAEAF" blockId="30.[136,1452,160,473]" pageId="30">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618042619EBAF53DBD120AEC3" bold="true" box="[189,348,412,437]" pageId="30">Observations</emphasis>
:—Typically known as a benthic species, however it has been reported as tycoplanktonic or in the plankton of weir pools, particularly in southern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418042619E98C5387D379AEAF" box="[670,773,448,473]" name="Australia" pageId="30">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518042619E8015387D3E7AEAF" author="Baker, P. D." box="[787,923,448,473]" pageId="30" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEB9A53A3D101AE8B" bold="true" box="[136,381,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="29">Anabaena inaequalis</emphasis>
Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 231)
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<paragraph id="E37236A41807261AEB9A506BD5D0AD8F" blockId="29.[136,1452,556,1157]" pageId="29">Filaments benthic, jointed into prostrate mats, less commonly tychoplanktonic; trichomes straight or slightly flexuous, sometimes in parallel fascicles, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends. Vegetative cells shortly barrel-shaped, isodiametric or shorter or longer than wide, (2.0–) 5.5–8.5 μm long × 4.0–5.5 μm wide, ± aerotopes; apical cells rounded to rounded conical. Heterocytes spherical to cylindrical ellipsoidal, intercalary, solitary, 5.5–8.0 (– 10.5) μm long × 4.5–5.5 μm broad. Akinetes cylindrical, as broad, or slightly broader than vegetative cells, solitary or rarely in series, remote from heterocytes, 5.5–11.0 (–22) μm long × 5–8 μm broad, with smooth, colourless exospore.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEBAF5143D1CBAC6B" bold="true" box="[189,439,772,797]" pageId="29">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Balonne R. at Kurray, Balonne R. at St George, Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Borumba Dam, Burnett R. at Jones Weir, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Burnett R. at Ned Churchward Weir,
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461807261AEE01516FD5F9AC37" box="[1299,1413,808,833]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="29">California</collectingRegion>
Ck at Gavin Way, Culgoa R. at Cubbie, Culgoa R. at Whyenbah, Fitzroy R. at Glebe Weir, Moogerah Dam, Home Beach Swamp at North Stradbroke Is., Sheepstation Ck at Kilcoy-Murgon Rd, Wuruma Dam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41807261AEBAF51D3D370AB6F" blockId="29.[136,1452,556,1157]" pageId="29">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEBAF51D3D118ACDB" bold="true" box="[189,356,916,941]" pageId="29">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461807261AEA9751D3D22CACDB" box="[389,592,916,941]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="29">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Braidwood Lagoon, Braidwood, V. May, 1968 (NSW 616150), River Murray at Heywoods, Torrumbarry, Swan Hill, Euston,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551807261AE98A51FFD3FAACA7" author="Sullivan, C. M. &amp; Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D." box="[664,902,952,977]" pageId="29" refId="ref62784" refString="Sullivan, C. M., Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D. (1988) Phytoplankton of the River Murray. Review of Monitoring 1980 - 1985. Water Quality Report No. 2. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra." type="book" year="1988">
Sullivan
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AE9EE51FFD34FACA7" box="[764,819,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="29">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461807261AE88351FFD38CACA7" box="[913,1008,952,977]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="29">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: Watermeadow, Portland Aerodrome, S.
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551807261AEB9A519BD158AC83" author="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J." box="[136,292,988,1013]" pageId="29" pagination="573 - 599" refId="ref62231" refString="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J. (2001) Non-marine algae of Australia: 1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria). Telopea 9 (3): 573 - 599." type="journal article" year="2001">Skinner, 2001</bibRefCitation>
(NSW 627309), Yan Yean Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551807261AE980519BD350AC83" author="Hardy, A. D." box="[658,812,988,1013]" pageId="29" pagination="279 - 281" refId="ref56612" refString="Hardy, A. D. (1907) Notes on a peculiar habitat of a Chlorophyte, Myxonema tenue. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society of London 1907: 279 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1907. tb 01656. x" type="journal article" year="1907">Hardy (1907)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461807261AE82A519BD396AC83" box="[824,1002,988,1013]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="29">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: River Murray at Murtho, Blanchetown, Lake Alexandrina at Goolwa, Warren Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551807261AE9625647D374AB6F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[624,776,1024,1049]" pageId="29" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41807261AEBAF5663D562ABF3" blockId="29.[136,1452,556,1157]" pageId="29">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEBAF5663D120AB4B" bold="true" box="[189,348,1060,1085]" pageId="29">Observations</emphasis>
:—Australian populations have been reported from the benthos, mostly associated with soft fine sediments, and less commonly from the plankton of lakes and reservoirs.
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551807261AE8D8560FD41CAB17" author="Baker, P. D." box="[970,1120,1096,1121]" pageId="29" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
describes
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271807261AEFCA560FD511AB17" authorityName="Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[1240,1389,1096,1121]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="29" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61807261AEFCA560FD511AB17" box="[1240,1389,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="29">A. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the plankton, with or without aerotopes, not joined together into colonial fascicles, but lacking mucilage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EB9A5111D166AC19" box="[136,282,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="18">Raphidiopsis</emphasis>
(Fritsch &amp; Rich) Anguilera, Berrendero Gómez, Kaštovský, Echenique &amp; Salerno (2018: 144)
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:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EBD6513BD154ACE7" box="[196,296,892,913]" italics="true" pageId="18">R. curvata</emphasis>
Fritsch &amp; Rich (1929: 91)
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<paragraph id="E37236A418082615EB9A5185D10DABA1" blockId="18.[136,1452,962,1455]" pageId="18">Filamentous, planktonic; trichomes solitary, without sheaths or gelatinous envelopes, straight, waved or screw-like coiled, isopolar, uniseriate, with or without heterocytes. When heterocytes are present, they are in the terminal position, oval, ovoid or conical, sometimes slightly curved and drop-like, developing at one or both ends of the trichome. Trichomes without heterocytes usually attenuated toward both ends, but without hair-like, elongated apical cells, ± constricted at the cross walls, sometimes indistinct.Vegetative cells barrel-shaped, always longer than broad, sometimes slightly elongated towards the trichome ends, facultatively with aerotopes; apical cells conical-rounded or sharply pointed. Akinetes intercalary, barrel-shaped, oval or cylindrical, single or multiple in series, developing towards the middle of trichomes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418082615EBAF56A5D438AAD9" blockId="18.[136,1452,962,1455]" pageId="18">
A widely distributed genus of 19 species known from freshwater lakes, reservoirs and rivers. Here three species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418082615EAED5741D215AA69" box="[511,617,1286,1311]" name="Australia" pageId="18">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography: Seenayya &amp; Suba Raju (1972),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518082615EF935741D565AA69" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1153,1305,1286,1311]" pageId="18" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518082615EF2B5735D554AAFD" author="Moreira, C. &amp; Fathalli, A. &amp; Vasconcelos, V. &amp; Antunes, A." box="[1081,1320,1394,1419]" pageId="18" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref60856" refString="Moreira, C., Fathalli, A., Vasconcelos, V. &amp; Antunes, A. (2015) Phylogeny and biogeography of the invasive cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Archives of Microbiology 197 (1): 47 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00203 - 014 - 1052 - 5" type="journal article" year="2015">
Moreira
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EF895735D4A8AAFD" box="[1179,1236,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
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Antunes
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EE855735D0D9AAD9" italics="true" pageId="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2016), Li
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EAFE57D1D259AAD9" box="[492,549,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2017), Komárek (2016),
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Aguilera
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615E8A157D1D397AAD9" box="[947,1003,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
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.
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1. - 2. - Trichomes always lacking heterocytes...............................................................................................................................................2 Trichomes with terminal heterocytes .............................................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EE3557B1D5D6A97D" box="[1319,1450,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18">R. raciborskii</emphasis>
Trichomes
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c-shaped curved, sigmoidally or irregularly circular.........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718082615EE555454D145A932" authority="Trichomes" authorityName="Trichomes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Raphidiopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="18" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="curvata">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EE555454D5D6A95E" box="[1351,1450,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="18">R. curvata</emphasis>
Trichomes
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straight or slightly bent............................................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EE1E5468D5D7A932" box="[1292,1451,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="18">R. mediterannea</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EBAF53F8D1C8AEAE" bold="true" box="[189,436,447,472]" pageId="18">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Emu Ck at Grieves Rd, Marongi Ck at Turtle Ck Rd, Reedy Ck at Mt. Byron Rd, Running Ck at Biggenden Rd Crossing, Sandy Ck at Wivenhoe-Somerset Rd Crossing, Sheepstation Ck at Kilcoy-Murgon Rd, Wallaby Ck at Himstedts Rd.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EBAF506CD120AD32" bold="true" box="[189,348,555,580]" pageId="18">Observations</emphasis>
:—
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Growing on the benthos and amongst aquatic macrophytes and filamentous algae in shallow streams of the Mary and Brisbane catchments, south-east
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. A pantropical species, originally described from
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material is consistent with the original description by Gardner (1927). Compare with
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EE805034D08EADC6" italics="true" pageId="18">N. moravica</emphasis>
Hindák, Šmarda &amp; Komárek 2003
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which has similar morphology, but is known from wetlands in
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EB9A514AD120AC51" bold="true" box="[136,348,781,807]" pageId="18">RAPHIDIOPSIS</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EBAF5536D1C9A8FC" bold="true" box="[189,437,1905,1930]" pageId="18">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Lake Clarendon, Eungella Dam, Wuruma Dam.
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<paragraph id="E37236A418082615EBAF55D2D3F2A8D8" blockId="18.[136,1452,1725,2038]" box="[189,910,1941,1966]" pageId="18">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EBAF55D2D119A8D8" bold="true" box="[189,357,1941,1966]" pageId="18">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618082615EA9555D2D26EA8D8" box="[391,530,1941,1966]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="18">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618082615E95655D2D2B7A8D8" box="[580,715,1941,1966]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="18">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518082615E9C455D2D3F6A8D8" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[726,906,1941,1966]" pageId="18" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EBAF55FED120A8A4" bold="true" box="[189,348,1977,2002]" pageId="18">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan. Uncommon species, rarely reported from reservoirs and weir pools. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718082615EB9A559AD142A880" authorityName="Skuja" authorityYear="1937" box="[136,318,2013,2038]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Raphidiopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="18" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618082615EB9A559AD142A880" box="[136,318,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="18">R. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the curved shape of the trichome.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EB9A5681D1C1ABA9" bold="true" box="[136,445,1222,1247]" italics="true" pageId="16">Dolichospermum spiroides</emphasis>
(Klebhan)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617E92E5681D38BABA9" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[572,1015,1222,1247]" pageId="16" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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Basionym:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBE456AAD1C8AA74" box="[246,436,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="16">Anabaena spiroides</emphasis>
Klebahn (1895: 25)
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<paragraph id="E37236A4180A2617EB9A576CD521AAA6" blockId="16.[136,1452,1323,2088]" pageId="16">Filaments solitary, planktonic; trichomes regularly screw-like coiled, coils 20–60 μm in diameter, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; often with a broad, colourless mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical, compressed at the poles, dark blue-green in colour, (4.0–) 7.0–9.0 μm long × 6.0–8.5 μm broad, with aerotopes; apical cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes spherical, 7.0–10.0 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or in series, oval to cylindrical with rounded ends, remote from the heterocytes, (11–) 15.0–21.0 μm long × 9.5–15.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF579CD1C4AA82" bold="true" box="[189,440,1499,1524]" pageId="16">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Bokhara R. near Kirrima, Balonne R. at Weribone, Beardmore Dam, Bill Gunn Dam, Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Boondooma Dam, Bowen R. at Bowen R. Weir, Burdekin Falls Dam, Burnett R. at Ben Anderson Barrage, Burnett R. at Claude Wharton Weir, Burnett R. at Jones Weir, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Burnett R. at Ned Churchward Weir, Callide Dam, Cania Dam, Condamine R. at Chinchilla Weir, Coolmunda Dam, Culgoa R. at Woolerbilla, East Leichhardt Dam, Eungella Dam, Fairbairn Dam, Fitzroy R. at Bedford Weir, Fitzroy R. at Bingegang Weir, Fitzroy R. at Eden Bann Weir, Fitzroy R. at Glebe Weir, Fitzroy R. at Moura Weir, Fitzroy R. at Neville Hewitt Weir, Fitzroy R. at Tartrus Weir, Fitzroy R. at Theodore Weir, Fred Haigh Dam, Glenlyon Dam, Kinchant Dam, Kolan R. at Bucca Weir, Lake Clarendon, Leslie Dam, Maranoa R. at Woodlands, Maranoa R. at Jillambie Rd, Mary R. at Mary R. Barrage, Moogerah Dam, Moura offstream storage, Paradise Dam, Peter Faust Dam, Pioneer R. at Dumbleton Weir, Pioneer R. at Marian Weir, Pioneer R. at Mirani Weir, Six Mile Ck. at Bajool Weir, Teemburra Dam, Wuruma Dam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180A2617EBAF5519D4DEA896" blockId="16.[136,1452,1323,2088]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF5519D118A801" bold="true" box="[189,356,1886,1911]" pageId="16">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180A2617EA975519D233A801" box="[389,591,1886,1911]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="16">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Lake Hume,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617E9F45519D387A801" author="Walker, K. F. &amp; Hillman, T. J." box="[742,1019,1886,1911]" pageId="16" refId="ref63071" refString="Walker, K. F. &amp; Hillman, T. J. (1977) Limnological survey of the River Murray in relation to Albury-Wodonga, 1973 - 1976. Albury-Wodonga Development Corporation and Gutteridge Haskins &amp; Davey." type="book" year="1977">Walker &amp; Hillman (1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EF175519D43DA801" author="Walker, K. F. &amp; Hillman, T. J." box="[1029,1089,1886,1911]" pageId="16" pagination="223 - 243" refId="ref63111" refString="Walker, K. F. &amp; Hillman, T. J. (1982) Phosphorus and nitrogen loads in waters associated with the River Murray near Albury-Wodonga, and their effects on phytoplankton populations. Marine and Freshwater Research 33 (2): 223 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 9820223" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
), Murrumbidgee R. at Balranald,
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Sullivan
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, River Murray at Murtho, Morgan, Swan Reach, Mannum, Woods Point, Hawkesbury R. at Sackville,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EA1355E3D1E7A8CB" author="Baker, P. D." box="[257,411,1956,1981]" pageId="16" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Murray R. at Moama,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617E9BF55E3D3CAA8CB" author="Humpage, A. &amp; Gaget, V. &amp; Lau, M. &amp; Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S." box="[685,950,1956,1981]" pageId="16" refId="ref57565" refString="Humpage, A., Gaget, V., Lau, M., Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S. (2013) CyanoSurvey: a national update on toxic cyanobacteria and their distribution. Final Report Project 1022, Water Research Australia Limited, Adelaide." type="journal volume" year="2013">
Humpage
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617E83655E3D323A8CB" box="[804,863,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
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;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180A2617E8D155E3D45EA8CB" box="[963,1058,1956,1981]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="16">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: River Murray from Heywoods to Redcliffs,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EBEE5580D191A896" author="Sullivan, C. M. &amp; Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D." box="[252,493,1991,2016]" pageId="16" refId="ref62784" refString="Sullivan, C. M., Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D. (1988) Phytoplankton of the River Murray. Review of Monitoring 1980 - 1985. Water Quality Report No. 2. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra." type="book" year="1988">
Sullivan
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EA735580D1E5A896" box="[353,409,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="16">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
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;
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: Lake Alexandrina at Goolwa,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EF145580D4E2A896" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1030,1182,1991,2016]" pageId="16" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="E37236A4180A2617EBAF55ACD10BA75E" blockId="16.[136,1452,1323,2088]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF55ACD120A772" bold="true" box="[189,348,2027,2052]" pageId="16">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan species, widespread, records from the plankton of reservoirs and weir pools throughout
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634180A2617EA1A5A48D10EA75E" box="[264,370,2063,2088]" name="Australia" pageId="16">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EB9A52EAD141AFB1" bold="true" box="[136,317,173,199]" pageId="17">NODULARIA</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180A2617EB9A50C8D395ADDE" authority="(Komarek) Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek (2009)" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Komarek" box="[136,1001,655,680]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="16" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="smithii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EB9A50C8D1D9ADDE" bold="true" box="[136,421,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16">Dolichospermum smithii</emphasis>
(Komárek)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617E93C50C8D395ADDE" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[558,1001,655,680]" pageId="16" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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Basionym:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBE450F1D1D2ADBD" box="[246,430,694,715]" italics="true" pageId="16">Anabaena solitaria</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EADB50F1D276ADBD" box="[457,522,694,715]" italics="true" pageId="16">smithii</emphasis>
Komárek (1958)
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Filaments solitary, planktonic; trichomes straight or flexuous, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; often associated with a broad, hyaline mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical or depressed globose, dark blue-green in colour, with aerotopes, 8.5–12.0 μm in diameter; apical cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes solitary, spherical, 9.0–15.0 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or up to
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series, spherical to broadly ovate, remote from the heterocytes, 15.0–28.0 μm in diameter.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF51EDD1C5ACB5" bold="true" box="[189,441,938,963]" pageId="16">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Burdekin Falls Dam, Burnett R. at Claude Wharton Weir, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Burnett R. at Ned Churchward Weir, Coolmunda Dam, Fairbairn Dam, Fitzroy R. at Eden Bann Weir, Fitzroy R. at Tartrus Weir, Julius Dam, Kinchant Dam, Lake Clarendon, Mary R. at Mary R. Barrage, Pioneer R. at Dumbleton Weir, Pioneer R. at Marian Weir.
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<paragraph id="E37236A4180A2617EBAF5670D546AB26" blockId="16.[136,1452,762,1175]" box="[189,1338,1079,1104]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF5670D11AAB26" bold="true" box="[189,358,1079,1104]" pageId="16">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF9180A2617EA955670D54AAB26" box="[391,1334,1079,1104]" location="River Murray" pageId="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180A2617EA955670D247AB26" box="[391,571,1079,1104]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="16">South Australia</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="E612607F180A2617E9575670D2A2AB26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B2180A2617EB9A50C8D090ABE1:E612607F180A2617E9575670D2A2AB26" box="[581,734,1079,1104]" name="River Murray" pageId="16" stateProvince="South Australia">River Murray</location>
at Murtho, Wood’s Point, Warren Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EF8C5670D54AAB26" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1182,1334,1079,1104]" pageId="16" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF561DD120AB05" bold="true" box="[189,348,1114,1139]" pageId="16">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan species, can be confused with
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180A2617E861561DD465AB05" box="[883,1049,1114,1139]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="16" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="planktonica">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617E861561DD465AB05" box="[883,1049,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="16">D. planktonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which differ by the shape of mature akinetes.
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74
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EB9A51B6D102AB7C" bold="true" box="[136,382,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="17">Nodularia harveyana</emphasis>
Thuret ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 243)
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EBAF56AAD1C9AA70" bold="true" box="[189,437,1261,1286]" pageId="17">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Home Beach Swamp, North Stradbroke Is., L. Cathie, Port Macquarie.
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<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EBAF5756D39AAA38" blockId="17.[136,1452,1081,1466]" pageId="17">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EBAF5756D114AA5C" bold="true" box="[189,360,1297,1322]" pageId="17">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180B2616EA985756D269AA5C" box="[394,533,1297,1322]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="17">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: Mt Alford, A.B.
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E9F65756D31AAA5C" author="Cribb, A. B." box="[740,870,1297,1322]" pageId="17" pagination="132 - 133" refId="ref55018" refString="Cribb, A. B. (1976) Some algae from Blackdown Tableland. Queensland Naturalist 21: 132 - 133." type="journal article" year="1976">Cribb 1976</bibRefCitation>
(BRI 0701382), Bribie Is., A.B. Cribb 1975 (BRI 0701383), Dunwich, North Stradbroke Is., R.L. Specht 1974 (BRI 0701384).
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EBAF571ED120AA04" bold="true" box="[189,348,1369,1394]" pageId="17">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan. Benthic or periphytic species, typically found growing in sandy substratum in the estuarine reaches of rivers and streams, or inland saline/brackish water bodies. Observed from shallow groundwater fed coastal wetlands, located behind frontal dunes, which receive periodic seawater inundation.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EB9A52B1D087AE79" box="[136,251,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="17">Nodularia</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="3C768806180B2616EB9A535BD0C7AE47" box="[136,187,284,305]" pageId="17">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180B2616EBD6535BD299AE47" authority="Mertens ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 245)" authorityName="Mertens ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1888" box="[196,741,284,305]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Nodularia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="17" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="spumigena">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EBD6535BD134AE47" box="[196,328,284,305]" italics="true" pageId="17">N. spumigena</emphasis>
Mertens ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 245)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EB9A5325D2A7ADED" blockId="17.[136,1452,354,811]" pageId="17">Filamentous; filaments solitary or in groups or clusters, rarely in mats, isopolar, unbranched, straight, curved, coiled or irregularly spirally coiled with fine, diffluent mucilage, opened at both ends. Trichomes uniseriate, cylindrical, rarely short and slightly attenuated at the ends of mature trichomes, constricted at the cross walls, metameric, with heterocytes regularly spaced. Vegetative cells shortly barrel-shaped, generally broader than long, aerotopes present in planktonic species. Cell content yellowish, pale olive-green or blue-green in colour. Heterocytes generally the same shape as vegetative cells, sometimes slightly smaller or larger. Akinetes shortly barrel-shaped, shorter than wide, or spherical, developing apoheterocytically. Cells divide crosswise to the trichome axis, growing to their original size before the next division, all cells capable of division, without meristematic zones. Reproduction by hormogonia, dissociation of trichomes, and by akinete production.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EBAF50E1D319AC5D" blockId="17.[136,1452,354,811]" pageId="17">
A widely distributed genus of 22 species including planktonic and benthic species, known from freshwater lakes and reservoirs, rivers, estuaries and inland saline lakes. Here three species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634180B2616EE2C508DD5D4AD95" box="[1342,1448,714,739]" name="Australia" pageId="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EA3850A9D26DAC71" author="Smarda, J. &amp; Komarek, J. &amp; Hubel, M." box="[298,529,750,775]" pageId="17" pagination="109 - 129" refId="ref62272" refString="Smarda, J., Komarek, J. &amp; Hubel, M. (1988) The Nodularia studies. 1. Introduction, fine structure. Algological Studies / Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 50 - 53: 109 - 129." type="book chapter" year="1988">
Šmarda
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EA9450A9D1C2AC71" box="[390,446,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E90F50A9D36AAC71" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Hubel, M. &amp; Hubel, H. &amp; Smarda, J." box="[541,790,750,775]" pageId="17" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref58644" refString="Komarek, J., Hubel, M., Hubel, H. &amp; Smarda, J. (1993) The Nodularia studies. 2. Taxonomy. Algological Studies / Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 1993: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="1993">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616E99E50A9D2B8AC71" box="[652,708,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E83050A9D38BAC71" author="Bolch, C. J. &amp; Orr, P. T. &amp; Jones, G. J. &amp; Blackburn, S. I." box="[802,1015,750,775]" pageId="17" pagination="339 - 355" refId="ref54634" refString="Bolch, C. J., Orr, P. T., Jones, G. J. &amp; Blackburn, S. I. (1999) Genetic, morphological, and toxicological variation among globally distributed strains of Nodularia (Cyanobacteria). Journal of Phycology 35 (2): 339 - 355. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1529 - 8817.1999.3520339. x" type="journal article" year="1999">
Bolch
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616E87E50A9D3D8AC71" box="[876,932,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EF1050A9D4AAAC71" author="Vigna, M. S. &amp; Alberghina, J. &amp; Belmonte, C. F." box="[1026,1238,750,775]" pageId="17" pagination="241 - 250" refId="ref62955" refString="Vigna, M. S., Alberghina, J. &amp; Belmonte, C. F. (2001) Remarks about the taxonomical position of Nodularia harveyana Thuret ex Bornet et Flahault (Cyanophyta, Nostocales) growing on soil. Nova Hedwigia Band 72, Heft 1 - 2: 241 - 250." type="book chapter" year="2001">
Vigna
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EF5950A9D4FFAC71" box="[1099,1155,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EFF350A9D5DBAC71" author="Lyra, C. &amp; Laamanen, M. &amp; Lehtimaki, J. M. &amp; Surakka, A. &amp; Sivonen, K." box="[1249,1447,750,775]" pageId="17" pagination="555 - 568" refId="ref59772" refString="Lyra, C., Laamanen, M., Lehtimaki, J. M., Surakka, A. &amp; Sivonen, K. (2005) Benthic cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia are non-toxic, without gas vacuoles, able to glide and genetically more diverse than planktonic Nodularia. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55 (2): 555 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.1099 / ijs. 0.63288 - 0" type="journal article" year="2005">
Lyra
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EE0950A9D52FAC71" box="[1307,1363,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EB9A5155D116AC5D" author="Kruger, T. &amp; Oelmuller, R. &amp; Luckas, B." box="[136,362,786,811]" pageId="17" pagination="291 - 295" refId="ref58831" refString="Kruger, T., Oelmuller, R. &amp; Luckas, B. (2009) Comparative PCR analysis of toxic Nodularia spumigena and non-toxic Nodularia harveyana (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) with respect to the nodularin synthetase gene cluster. European Journal of Phycology 44 (3): 291 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670260802588434" type="journal article" year="2009">
Krüger
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EBCC5155D16BAC5D" box="[222,279,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EA645155D22DAC5D" author="Hasler, P. &amp; Dvorak, P. &amp; Ondrej, V. &amp; Kitner, M. &amp; Hlouskova, P. &amp; Poulickova, A." box="[374,593,786,811]" pageId="17" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref56666" refString="Hasler, P., Dvorak, P., Ondrej, V., Kitner, M., Hlouskova, P. &amp; Poulickova, A. (2011) The importance of the polyphasic approach in a comparative study of Nodularia (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria). Preslia 83 (1): 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2011">
Hašler
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EAD45155D182AC5D" box="[454,510,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E94F5155D31DAC5D" author="Rehakova, K. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Lukesova, A. &amp; Zapomelova, E. &amp; Bernardova, K. &amp; Hrouzek, P." box="[605,865,786,811]" pageId="17" pagination="235 - 246" refId="ref61556" refString="Rehakova, K., Mares, J., Lukesova, A., Zapomelova, E., Bernardova, K. and Hrouzek, P. (2014) Nodularia (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae): a phylogenetically uniform genus with variable phenotypes. Phytotaxa 172 (3): 235 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 172.3.4" type="journal article" year="2014">
Řeháková
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616E9C65155D370AC5D" box="[724,780,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EB9A5112D5D6ACB6" blockId="17.[136,154,853,960]" lastBlockId="17.[211,1451,853,960]" pageId="17">
1. - 2. - Trichomes planktonic, with aerotopes............................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180B2616EE355112D145ACF1" authority="Trichomes" authorityName="Trichomes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Nodularia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="17" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="spumigena">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EE355112D5D7AC1C" box="[1319,1451,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="17">N. spumigena</emphasis>
Trichomes
</taxonomicName>
benthic or periphytic, without aerotopes..........................................................................................................................2 Vegetative cells 1.5–2.8 μm long × 4.0–5.5 μm wide....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180B2616EE3B51C8D144ACB6" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Nodularia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="17" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="harveyana">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EE3B51C8D5D6ACD2" box="[1321,1450,911,932]" italics="true" pageId="17">N. harveyana</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells 2.0–4.8 μm long × 8.2–11.5 μm wide ..........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180B2616EE4B51ECD5D6ACB6" authorityName="Gardner" authorityYear="1927" box="[1369,1450,939,960]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Nodularia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="17" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="willei">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EE4B51ECD5D6ACB6" box="[1369,1450,939,960]" italics="true" pageId="17">N. willei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EB9A57AED387A974" blockId="17.[136,1019,1513,1538]" box="[136,1019,1513,1538]" pageId="17">
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180B2616EB9A57AED319A974" ID-CoL="47LNP" authority="Mertens ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 245)" authorityName="Mertens ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1888" box="[136,869,1513,1538]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Nodularia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="17" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="spumigena">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EB9A57AED1FFA974" bold="true" box="[136,387,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="17">Nodularia spumigena</emphasis>
Mertens ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 245)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A21180B2616E87E57AED38BA974" box="[876,1015,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="93.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 19. A–E Nodularia spumigena. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="17">Fig. 19 A–E</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EB9A5476D08FA988" blockId="17.[136,1452,1585,2078]" pageId="17">Filaments planktonic; trichomes solitary, straight or slightly flexuous to irregularly coiled. Trichomes cylindrical, constricted at the cross walls; sheath thick, fine, diffluent and indistinct. Vegetative cells discoid to shortly barrel-shaped, distinctly compressed, 2.0–4.5 μm long × 7.0–12.0 μm broad, with aerotopes. Heterocytes sub-spherical or discoid, 4.5–6.0 μm long × 7.5–11.5 μm broad, at regular intervals along the trichome. Akinetes sub-spherical to almost spherical, 6.5–10.5 μm long × 9.0–13.0 μm broad, single or multiple in series, mature epispore yellow-brown in colour.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F180B2616EBAF554ED4E1A768" pageId="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EBAF554ED32CA854" blockId="17.[136,1452,1585,2078]" box="[189,848,1801,1826]" pageId="17">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EBAF554ED1C9A854" bold="true" box="[189,437,1801,1826]" pageId="17">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Carbrook Lakes, Monterey Keys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EBAF556AD42AA8F8" blockId="17.[136,1452,1585,2078]" pageId="17">
Other records:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180B2616EA9B556AD194A830" box="[393,488,1837,1862]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="17">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EAE4556AD297A830" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[502,747,1837,1862]" pageId="17" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180B2616E9E8556AD3CCA830" box="[762,944,1837,1862]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="17">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Lake Alexandrina,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EF8F556AD53BA830" author="Francis, G." box="[1181,1351,1837,1862]" pageId="17" pagination="11 - 12" refId="ref56103" refString="Francis, G. (1878) Poisonous Australia lake. Nature 18: 11 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 018011 d 0" type="journal article" year="1878">Francis (1878)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EE4A556AD0A9A81C" author="Geddes, M. C." pageId="17" pagination="399 - 415" refId="ref56201" refString="Geddes, M. C. (1984) Limnology of Lake Alexandrina, River Murray, South Australia, and its effects on nutrients and light on the phytoplankton. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35: 399 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 9840399" type="journal article" year="1984">Geddes (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, Lake Albert, Strathalbyn Res., shallow swamp at Naracoorte,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E8B35516D447A81C" author="Baker, P. D." box="[929,1083,1873,1898]" pageId="17" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180B2616EF555516D568A81C" box="[1095,1300,1873,1898]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="17">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
: Peel-Harvey Estuary,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EBF85532D1F8A8F8" author="Huber, A. L." box="[234,388,1909,1934]" pageId="17" pagination="234 - 238" refId="ref57470" refString="Huber, A. L. (1984) Nodularia (Cyanobacteriaceae) akinetes in the sediments of the Peel-Harvey Estuary, Western Australia: potential inoculum source for Nodularia blooms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47 (2): 234 - 238." type="journal article" year="1984">Huber (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, Lake Yangebup,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E95E5532D299A8F8" author="Kemp, A. S." box="[588,741,1909,1934]" pageId="17" refId="ref57914" refString="Kemp, A. S. (2009) Freshwater cyanoprokaryota blooms in the Swan Coastal Plain wetlands: ecology, taxonomy and toxicology. Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University, Perth." type="book" year="2009">Kemp (2009)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180B2616E9E25532D323A8F8" box="[752,863,1909,1934]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="17">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E8785532D42EA8F8" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[874,1106,1909,1934]" pageId="17" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180B2616EBAF55DED4E1A768" blockId="17.[136,1452,1585,2078]" pageId="17">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EBAF55DED120A8C4" bold="true" box="[189,348,1945,1970]" pageId="17">Observations</emphasis>
:—Wide distribution throughout temperate and subtropical areas. Australian populations produce the cyanotoxin nodularin (
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EAA655FAD37AA8A0" author="Heresztyn, T. &amp; Nicholson, B. C." box="[436,774,1981,2006]" pageId="17" pagination="273 - 282" refId="ref56974" refString="Heresztyn, T. &amp; Nicholson, B. C. (1997) Nodularin concentrations in Lakes Alexandrina and Albert, South Australia, during a bloom of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Nodularia spumigena and degradation of the toxin. Environmental Toxicology 12 (4): 273 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / (SICI) 1098 - 2256 (1997) 12: 4 % 3 C 273 :: AID-TOX 1 % 3 E 3.0. CO; 2 - 5" type="journal article" year="1997">Heresztyn &amp; Nicholson 1997</bibRefCitation>
). This species has also been frequently reported as forming nuisance coastal blooms including in the Peel-Harvey Estuary,
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180B2616E87255A6D456A88C" box="[864,1066,2017,2042]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="17">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616EF2955A6D4B9A88C" author="Huber, A. L." box="[1083,1221,2017,2042]" pageId="17" pagination="193 - 203" refId="ref57515" refString="Huber, A. L. (1986) Nitrogen fixation by Nodularia spumigena Mertens (Cyanobacteriaceae). 1: Field studies and the contribution of blooms to the nitrogen budget of the Peel-Harvey Estuary, Western Australia. Hydrobiologia 131 (3): 193 - 203." type="journal article" year="1986">Huber 1986</bibRefCitation>
) and as a persistent bloom in a cable ski park lake in SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180B2616E9365A42D2D4A768" box="[548,680,2053,2078]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="17">Queensland</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E9A45A42D3D2A768" author="McGregor, G. B. &amp; Stewart, I. &amp; Sendall, B. C. &amp; Sadler, R. &amp; Reardon, K. &amp; Carter, S. &amp; Wruck, D. &amp; Wickramasinghe, W." box="[694,942,2053,2078]" pageId="17" pagination="2396 - 2411" refId="ref60455" refString="McGregor, G. B., Stewart, I., Sendall, B. C., Sadler, R., Reardon, K., Carter, S., Wruck, D. &amp; Wickramasinghe, W. (2012) First report of a toxic Nodularia spumigena (Nostocales / Cyanobacteria) bloom in subtropical Australia. I. Phycological and public health investigations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9 (7): 2396 - 2411." type="journal article" year="2012">
McGregor
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616E8265A42D310A768" box="[820,876,2053,2078]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180B2616E8AB5A42D4EDA768" author="Stewart, I. &amp; Eaglesham, G. K. &amp; McGregor, G. B. &amp; Chong, R. &amp; Seawright, A. A. &amp; Wickramasinghe, W. A. &amp; Sadler, R. &amp; Hunt, L. &amp; Graham, G." box="[953,1169,2053,2078]" pageId="17" pagination="2412 - 2443" refId="ref62450" refString="Stewart, I., Eaglesham, G. K., McGregor, G. B., Chong, R., Seawright, A. A., Wickramasinghe, W. A., Sadler, R., Hunt, L. and Graham, G. (2012) First report of a toxic Nodularia spumigena (Nostocales / Cyanobacteria) bloom in sub-tropical Australia. II. Bioaccumulation of nodularin in isolated populations of mullet (Mugilidae). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9 (7): 2412 - 2443." type="journal article" year="2012">
Stewart
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180B2616EF075A42D431A768" box="[1045,1101,2053,2078]" italics="true" pageId="17">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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138
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180C2611EB9A557CD2BEA822" authority="Woloszynska (1912: 687)" authorityName="Woloszynska" authorityPageNumber="687" authorityYear="1912" box="[136,706,1851,1876]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Gloeotrichia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="22" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="raciborskii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180C2611EB9A557CD1E0A822" bold="true" box="[136,412,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="22">Gloeotrichia raciborskii</emphasis>
Wołoszyńska (1912: 687)
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A21180C2611E9DB557CD328A822" box="[713,852,1851,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="100.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-16@100.[276,1312,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURE 26. A–D Gloeotrichia raciborskii; E Spherical colonies sitting loosely on the sediment in the littoral zone of a tropical river. Scale bars A = 50 μm, B–D = 20 μm" pageId="22">Fig. 26 A–E</figureCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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Thallus gelatinous, olive-green to brown in colour, colonies small spherical, attached to macrophytes or the substratum, later free floating, irregularly globose, up to
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in diameter. Filaments long,&gt; 800 μm, tapered from a spherical basal heterocyte, radially arranged from the colony centre. Trichomes clearly constricted at the cross walls, 7–10 μm wide in the basal area, narrowing to long, hair-like cells 2–6 μm broad. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped, slightly shorter or longer than broad. Heterocytes spherical, basal, 10–14 μm in diameter. Akinetes cylindrical, long ellipsoidal with widely rounded ends, arising from several vegetative cells, 10–60 μm long × (12–) 14–25 μm broad, with colourless to dull-brown coloured exospore.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EBAF52AFD1C9AE77" bold="true" box="[189,437,232,257]" pageId="23">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Einasleigh R. at the Beach, Blacks Ck at Whitefords.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EBAF534BD357AE53" blockId="23.[136,1452,160,509]" box="[189,811,268,293]" pageId="23">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EBAF534BD119AE53" bold="true" box="[189,357,268,293]" pageId="23">Other records</emphasis>
:—
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<collectingRegion id="2109F846180D2610EA95534BD26EAE53" box="[391,530,268,293]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="23">Queensland</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="4E385372180D2610E90E534BD223AE53" box="[540,607,268,293]" pageId="23">Baker</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="4E385372180D2610E991534BD2AEAE53" box="[643,722,268,293]" pageId="23">Fabbro</collectorName>
(1992)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EBAF5377D120AE3F" bold="true" box="[189,348,304,329]" pageId="23">Observations</emphasis>
:—Colonies growing on sandy substrate amongst submerged aquatic vegetation, or sometimes free-floating in the littoral areas or backwaters of tropical streams and rivers. A variable species, with several subspecific taxa described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EBAF53DBD160AE8B" blockId="23.[136,1452,160,509]" pageId="23">
Other species known from
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:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180D2610E97553DBD3E9AEC3" authority="P. G. Richter" authorityName="P. G. Richter" box="[615,917,412,437]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Gloeotrichia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="23" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="echinulata">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610E97553DBD37DAEC3" box="[615,769,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="23">G. echinulata</emphasis>
P.G. Richter
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,
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,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180D2610EF1853DBD4BEAEC3" author="Entwisle, T. J." box="[1034,1218,412,437]" pageId="23" refId="ref55667" refString="Entwisle, T. J. (1994) Macroalgae in T. J. Entwisle, Aquatic Cryptogams of Australia: A Guide to the Macroalgae, Larger Fungi, Lichens and Bryophytes of Australian Inland Waters, Australian Society for Limnology, Melourne." type="book" year="1994">Entwisle (1994)</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180D2610EFC253DBD1F4AEAF" authority="Thuret ex Bornet &amp; Flahault, SE" authorityName="Thuret ex Bornet &amp; Flahault, SE" authorityYear="1886" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Gloeotrichia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="23" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="pisum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EFC253DBD54AAEC3" box="[1232,1334,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="23">G. pisum</emphasis>
Thuret ex Bornet &amp; Flahault, SE
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,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180D2610E9365387D2A6AEAF" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[548,730,448,473]" pageId="23" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180D2610E9F55387D164AE8B" authority="(Woloszynska) Geitler, Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)" authorityName="Geitler, Ling &amp; Tyler" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Woloszynska" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" form="lillienfeldiana" genus="Gloeotrichia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="23" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="form" species="raciborskii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610E9F55387D43FAEAF" box="[743,1091,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="23">G. raciborskii f. lillienfeldiana</emphasis>
(Wołoszyńska) Geitler,
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</taxonomicName>
.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EB9A502AD18BADF1" bold="true" box="[136,503,621,647]" pageId="23">
3.
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</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EB9A50F1D2EDADB9" blockId="23.[136,718,694,753]" box="[136,657,694,719]" pageId="23">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180D2610EB9A50F1D1B2ADB9" authority="Elenkin" authorityName="Elenkin" authorityYear="1916" box="[136,462,694,719]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Hapalosiphonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="23" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="family">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EB9A50F1D10CADB9" bold="true" box="[136,368,694,719]" pageId="23">Hapalosiphonaceae</emphasis>
Elenkin
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(1916: 278, 280)
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<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EB9A509BD2B2AD87" blockId="23.[136,718,694,753]" box="[136,718,732,753]" pageId="23">
<typeStatus id="3C768806180D2610EB9A509BD0C7AD87" box="[136,187,732,753]" pageId="23">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180D2610EBD6509BD2B2AD87" authority="Nageli ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 53)" authorityName="Nageli ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1886" box="[196,718,732,753]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Stigonemataceae" genus="Hapalosiphon" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="23" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EBD6509BD130AD87" box="[196,332,732,753]" italics="true" pageId="23">Hapalosiphon</emphasis>
Nägeli ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 53)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EB9A5165D3C5AC99" blockId="23.[136,1452,802,1079]" pageId="23">Filamentous, thallose; composed of true-branched filaments, with all filaments and branches morphologically similar. Trichomes unseriate, divicariate, but not morphologically divided into main trichomes and branches, often constricted at the cross walls, moniliform, but usually ± cylindrical, true-branched with T-, V, and Y-type branching. Branches cylindrical, or less frequently narrowed towards the ends, rarely attenuated to hair-like cells. Vegetative cells cylindrical, barrel-shaped or irregularly rounded; apical cells rounded. Heterocytes intercalary, barrel-shaped or spheroidal. Akinetes absent. Reproduction by production of hormogonia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EBAF51BDD137AB41" blockId="23.[136,1452,802,1079]" pageId="23">
A cosmopolitan family of 13 genera; four genera and six species are known from freshwater habitats of north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634180D2610EBCF5659D13BAB41" box="[221,327,1054,1079]" name="Australia" pageId="23">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
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Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 365)
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:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180C2611EBD6507BD167AD27" box="[196,283,572,593]" italics="true" pageId="22">G. pisum</emphasis>
Thuret ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 366)
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<paragraph id="E37236A4180C2611EB9A50C5D30FAB51" blockId="22.[136,1452,642,1171]" pageId="22">Filamentous, colonial; trichomes heteropolar with basal heterocytes and apical, hair-like ends with their own sheaths, radially united into gelatinous, globose or hemispherical colonies, which are microscopic up to several centimetres in diameter, olive-green, yellow-green, brown or dark blue-blackish in colour. Colonies enveloped by fine mucilage; trichomes always oriented with heterocytes towards the colony centre. Trichomes rarely falsely branched; branches rapidly separate from the mother trichome but remain parallel and radially located within the colonial mucilage forming their own gelatinous sheaths. Colonies planktonic or attached to the substratum. Trichomes uniseriate, rarely with intercalary heterocytes, constricted or unconstricted at the cross walls, straight or irregularly coiled. Sheaths always present, but sometimes gelatinized within the mucilage of colonies, especially near the apical parts of trichomes. Basal heterocytes oval or cylindrical. Vegetative cells in several planktonic species contain aerotopes. Cell division perpendicular to the long axis of the trichome, usually in a meristematic zone. Reproduction by dissociation of trichomes within colonies, and by the formation of hormogonia, differentiating after the separation of the apical hair through the formation of necridic cells, sometimes liberated from old colonies.</paragraph>
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A worldwide genus with 28 species currently taxonomically accepted; most are known from benthic or metaphytic habitats, two species are planktonic and produce aerotopes. Five species are known from Australian freshwaters. Here two species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634180C2611E991563DD291ABE5" box="[643,749,1146,1171]" name="Australia" pageId="22">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography: Komárek (2013),
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.
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<keyLead id="583C9591180C2611EB9A569DD0ECAB99" box="[136,144,1242,1263]" pageId="22">-</keyLead>
Trichomes 7–10 μm broad in the basal area..................................................................................................................
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Trichomes
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4–7 μm broad in the basal area...........................................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180C2611EE5F569DD5D7AB99" box="[1357,1451,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="22">G. natans</emphasis>
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Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 369)
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Thallus composed of gelatinous, irregularly spherical colonies, olive-green to brown in colour,
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in diameter, attached to the substratum or less commonly free-floating. Filaments long, radially arranged within colonies, gradually tapered towards the ends, ± constricted at the cross walls. Sheath vase-like, widened, initially colourless, later yellow to yellow-brown in colour, layered and opened at the end. Vegetative cells initially shorter than broad to isodiametric, elongated towards the ends, up to 3 × longer than broad, 6.3–16.0 μm long × 4.0–7.0 μm broad. Heterocytes basal, single, ± spherical, 8.0–12.5 μm long × 9.0–12.0 μm broad. Akinetes cylindrical, slightly arcuate when mature, up to 5 × longer than broad, 25–55 μm long × 10–15 μm broad, with brown coloured exospore.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180C2611EBAF5424D1C9A90A" bold="true" box="[189,437,1635,1660]" pageId="22">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Cattle Ck at Gargett, Little Yabba Ck at Maleny Kenilworth Rd Crossing.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180C2611EBAF54C0D114A9D6" bold="true" box="[189,360,1671,1696]" pageId="22">Other records</emphasis>
:—
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: Canarvon Ck, A.B. Cribb 1964 (BRI 0700772),
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, SE
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,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180C2611EB9A54ECD140A9B2" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[136,316,1707,1732]" pageId="22" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
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:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180C2611EAA254ECD231A9B2" author="Bailey, F. M." box="[432,589,1707,1732]" pageId="22" refId="ref54284" refString="Bailey, F. M. (1895) Contributions to the Queensland Flora. Queensland Freshwater Algae. Bot. Bull., Dept. Agric., Queensland, No. 11." type="book" year="1895">Bailey (1895)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180C2611E94B54ECD372A9B2" author="Entwisle, T. J." box="[601,782,1707,1732]" pageId="22" refId="ref55667" refString="Entwisle, T. J. (1994) Macroalgae in T. J. Entwisle, Aquatic Cryptogams of Australia: A Guide to the Macroalgae, Larger Fungi, Lichens and Bryophytes of Australian Inland Waters, Australian Society for Limnology, Melourne." type="book" year="1994">Entwisle (1994)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180C2611E80854ECD3BFA9B2" author="Mobius, M." box="[794,963,1707,1732]" pageId="22" pagination="310 - 350" refId="ref60795" refString="Mobius, M. (1895) Australische Susswasseralgen. II. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 18: 310 - 350." type="journal article" year="1895">Möbius (1895)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180C2611E8DD54ECD4F2A9B2" author="Schmidle, W." box="[975,1166,1707,1732]" pageId="22" pagination="297 - 313" refId="ref61824" refString="Schmidle, W. (1896) Susswasseralgen aus Australien. Flora Jena 82: 297 - 313." type="journal article" year="1896">Schmidle (1896)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180C2611EBAF5488D120A99E" bold="true" box="[189,348,1743,1768]" pageId="22">Observations</emphasis>
:—Known from coastal streams in south-east and northern
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. Observed forming olive-green to brownish gelatinous colonies on granitic cobbles and boulders, and large woody debris.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EB9A5791D17BAA99" box="[136,263,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="23">Fischerella</emphasis>
(Bornet &amp; Flahault) Gomont (1895:49)
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<typeStatus id="3C768806180D2610EB9A57BBD0C7A967" box="[136,187,1532,1553]" pageId="23">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180D2610EBD657BBD18AA967" authority="Gomont (1895: 52)" authorityName="Gomont" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1895" box="[196,502,1532,1553]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Ewamiania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="23" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="thermalis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610EBD657BBD14BA967" box="[196,311,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="23">F. thermalis</emphasis>
Gomont (1895: 52)
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EB9A5405D198A80D" blockId="23.[136,1452,1602,2059]" pageId="23">Filamentous, thallose; thallus prostrate, felt-like, rarely in compact mats, composed of creeping, uni- or multiseriate filaments forming erect uniseriate branches. Creeping trichomes usually moniliform, enveloped by thick, waved, sometimes slightly lamellated and coloured sheaths; vegetative cells usually barrel-shaped, sometimes enveloped by their own gelatinous sheaths; erect, T-type branching developing usually unilaterally after lengthwise cell division in basal trichomes, usually cylindrical, with cylindrical and often elongated cells and thin, mainly colourless sheaths. Vegetative cells often with slightly granular contents. Heterocytes intercalary, sub-spherical in basal trichomes, cylindrical in branches. Akinetes develop occasionally and irregularly in basal trichomes. Reproduction by uniseriate hormogonia which separate from the ends of branches; typically, hormogonia are morphologically distinct from the main branches, with aerotopes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EBAF55C1D578A8B5" blockId="23.[136,1452,1602,2059]" pageId="23">A worldwide genus with 19 species that are currently accepted taxonomically; most are known from moist soils, or growing subaerophytically on walls and terrestrial vegetation, few are known from aquatic habitats.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180D2610EBAF5589D433A77D" blockId="23.[136,1452,1602,2059]" pageId="23">
Two species are known from Australian freshwaters. Here one species is described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634180D2610EE2C5589D5D4A891" box="[1342,1448,1998,2023]" name="Australia" pageId="23">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180D2610EA3955B5D215A77D" author="Gugger, M. F. &amp; Hoffmann, L." box="[299,617,2034,2059]" pageId="23" pagination="349 - 357" refId="ref56387" refString="Gugger, M. F. &amp; Hoffmann, L. (2004) Polyphyly of true branching cyanobacteria (Stigonematales). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 (2): 349 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1099 / ijs. 0.02744 - 0" type="journal article" year="2004">Gugger &amp; Hoffmann (2004)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180D2610E96755B5D33FA77D" author="Fiore, M. F. &amp; Genuario, D. B. &amp; da Silva, C. S. P. &amp; Shishido, T. K. &amp; Moraes, L. A. B. &amp; Neto, R. C. &amp; Silva-Stenico, M. E." box="[629,835,2034,2059]" pageId="23" pagination="754 - 761" refId="ref55947" refString="Fiore, M. F., Genuario, D. B., da Silva, C. S. P., Shishido, T. K., Moraes, L. A. B., Neto, R. C. &amp; Silva-Stenico, M. E. (2009) Microcystin production by a freshwater spring cyanobacterium of the genus Fischerella. Toxicon 53 (7): 754 - 761. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. toxicon. 2009.02.010" type="journal article" year="2009">
Fiore
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610E9A555B5D293A77D" box="[695,751,2034,2059]" italics="true" pageId="23">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180D2610E85C55B5D436A77D" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[846,1098,2034,2059]" pageId="23" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180D2610E8AF55B5D38AA77D" box="[957,1014,2034,2059]" italics="true" pageId="23">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DEB9A5785D1E0AAAD" bold="true" box="[136,412,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="10">Aphanizomenon gracile</emphasis>
(Lemmermann) Lemmermann (1907: 193)
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Basionym:
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var.
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Lemmermann (1898: 204)
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<paragraph id="E37236A41810260DEB9A5469D240A98D" blockId="10.[136,1452,1582,2075]" pageId="10">Filaments planktonic; trichomes solitary, not forming fascicles, isopolar, sub-symmetrical, straight or slightly flexuous, constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells isodiametric to short cylindrical, 2.8–6.5 (–9) μm long × 2.5–5.5 μm broad, with aerotopes; apical cells rounded or club-shaped, sometimes slightly elongated and narrowed. Heterocytes intercalary, solitary, ovate to sub-cylindrical, 3.5–7.5 μm long × 3.0–5.0 μm broad. Akinetes solitary, long cylindrical, often with a collar-like extension at either end which extends over the adjacent vegetative cells, 7.5–15.0 (–42) μm long × (2.5–) 4.0–6.5 (–8.0) μm broad.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DEBAF5541D1C3A869" bold="true" box="[189,447,1798,1823]" pageId="10">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Ben Anderson Barrage, Bill Gunn Dam, Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Boondooma Dam, Borumba Dam, Cania Dam, Claude Wharton Weir, Coolmunda Dam, Eden Bann Weir, Eungella Dam, Giru Weir, Glen Niven Dam, Glenlyon Dam, Ibis Dam, Kinchant Dam, Kirar Weir, Lake Clarendon, Leslie Dam, Mirani Weir, Moogerah Dam, Paradise Dam, Peter Faust Dam, Tartrus Weir, Teemburra Dam, Tinaroo Falls Dam, Wuruma Dam, Wyndham Dam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41810260CEBAF55FDD393AE77" blockId="10.[136,1452,1582,2075]" lastBlockId="11.[136,1452,160,401]" lastPageId="11" pageId="10">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DEBAF55FDD114A8A5" bold="true" box="[189,360,1978,2003]" pageId="10">Other records</emphasis>
:—
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:
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;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461810260DE80F55FDD3ADA8A5" box="[797,977,1978,2003]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="10">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: River Murray at Murtho, Morgan, Swan Reach in Lake Alexandrina, Lake Albert at Narrung and Meningie, Warren Res., Strathalbyn Res., Dawesley farm dam, Mount Lofty Ranges, Bundaleer Res., Barcoota Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DE8215A45D3B1A76D" author="Baker, P. D." box="[819,973,2050,2075]" pageId="10" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461810260DE8C85A45D445A76D" box="[986,1081,2050,2075]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="10">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: Violet Ck Res., Lance Ck Res., Lake Whitton, Sea L. Storage,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551811260CEAFA52E7D2FDAFCF" author="Baker, P. D." box="[488,641,160,185]" pageId="11" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551811260CE99F52E7D305AFCF" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[653,889,160,185]" pageId="11" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461811260CE89752E7D42FAFCF" box="[901,1107,160,185]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="11">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: River Murray at Yarrawonga, Euston, Redcliffs, Merbein,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551811260CEAD05283D2D2AFAB" author="Sullivan, C. M. &amp; Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D." box="[450,686,196,221]" pageId="11" refId="ref62784" refString="Sullivan, C. M., Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D. (1988) Phytoplankton of the River Murray. Review of Monitoring 1980 - 1985. Water Quality Report No. 2. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra." type="book" year="1988">
Sullivan
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61811260CE9375283D220AFAB" box="[549,604,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="11">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
, Hume Dam,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551811260CE8555283D438AFAB" author="Humpage, A. &amp; Gaget, V. &amp; Lau, M. &amp; Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S." box="[839,1092,196,221]" pageId="11" refId="ref57565" refString="Humpage, A., Gaget, V., Lau, M., Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S. (2013) CyanoSurvey: a national update on toxic cyanobacteria and their distribution. Final Report Project 1022, Water Research Australia Limited, Adelaide." type="journal volume" year="2013">
Humpage
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61811260CE8AB5283D38DAFAB" box="[953,1009,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="11">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461811260CEF5D5283D55DAFAB" box="[1103,1313,196,221]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="11">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: Magela Ck,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551811260CEB9A52AFD122AE77" author="Thomasson, K." box="[136,350,232,257]" pageId="11" pagination="301 - 378" refId="ref62829" refString="Thomasson, K. (1986) Algal vegetation in North Australian billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42: 301 - 378." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomasson (1986)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461811260CEA7B52AFD248AE77" box="[361,564,232,257]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="11">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, Chelodina Wetlands,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551811260CE83F52AFD397AE77" author="Lee, E. &amp; Ryan, U. M. &amp; Monis, P. &amp; McGregor, G. B. &amp; Bath, A. &amp; Gordon, C. &amp; Paparini, A." box="[813,1003,232,257]" pageId="11" pagination="248 - 261" refId="ref58967" refString="Lee, E., Ryan, U. M., Monis, P., McGregor, G. B., Bath, A., Gordon, C. &amp; Paparini, A. (2014) Polyphasic identification of cyanobacterial isolates from Australia. Water Research 59: 248 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. watres. 2014.04.023" type="journal article" year="2014">
Lee
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61811260CE84C52AFD3EBAE77" box="[862,919,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="11">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41811260CEBAF534BD23DAEE7" blockId="11.[136,1452,160,401]" pageId="11">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61811260CEBAF534BD120AE53" bold="true" box="[189,348,268,293]" pageId="11">Observations</emphasis>
:—Widespread species, known from the plankton of mesotropic lakes and reservoirs throughout the temperate zone (Komárek 2013). In
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is has been widely reported, however it is not typically a bloom forming species and has not been associated with cyanotoxin production. Trichomes lacking akinetes may be confused with
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61811260CEB9A533FD245AEE7" box="[136,569,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="11">Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271811260CEB9A538AD1F8AE91" box="[136,388,461,487]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Aphanizomenonaceae" genus="Chrysosporum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="11" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61811260CEB9A538AD1F8AE91" bold="true" box="[136,388,461,487]" pageId="11">CHRYSOSPORUM</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DEB9A5151D140AC59" box="[136,316,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="10">Aphanizomenon</emphasis>
Morren ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 180)
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Ralfs ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 241)
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<paragraph id="E37236A41810260DEB9A51C5D515ABCD" blockId="10.[136,1452,898,1427]" pageId="10">Filaments planktonic, solitary, in a few species joined into fascicle-like, microscopic or macroscopic colonies with trichomes oriented in parallel; trichomes straight or slightly bent, cylindrical or sharply or continually tapered towards the ends, ± constricted at the cross walls, sometimes with diffluent and colourless mucilage trichomes uniseriate, trichomes sub-symmetric, with intercalary heterocytes, which are sub-symmetrically localized in fully developed trichomes. Vegetative cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, isodiametric or slightly shorter or longer than wide, pale blue-green or blue-green, with aerotopes, several species facultatively develop aerotopes. Heterocytes few (1–3 per trichome), intercalary, barrel-shaped or cylindrical with rounded or obtuse ends. Akinetes typically oval to long, cylindrical with rounded ends, developing paraheterocytically, solitary or in short rows, close to heterocytes or slightly distant from them, usually in an asymmetrical position. Reproduction by trichome dissociation and by akinetes.</paragraph>
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A widely distributed genus of 19 species known from freshwater lakes and reservoirs and rivers. One species is known from north-eastern
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. The traditional genus
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DE85556ADD387AA75" box="[839,1019,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="10">Aphanizomenon</emphasis>
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is heterogeneous (
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DEFC156ADD0B9AA51" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Mares, J." pageId="10" pagination="327 - 351" refId="ref58370" refString="Komarek, J. &amp; Mares, J. (2012) An update to modern taxonomy (2011) of freshwater planktic heterocytous cyanobacteria. Hydrobiologia 698 (1): 327 - 351." type="journal article" year="2012">Komárek &amp; Mareš 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Over the past decade, several species traditionally belonging to
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DE8BB5749D421AA51" box="[937,1117,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="10">Aphanizomenon</emphasis>
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have been transferred to new genera based on updated phylogenetic information (
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,
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DE87E5775D46DAA3D" box="[876,1041,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="10">Chrysosporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DEF0D5775D485AA3D" box="[1055,1273,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="10">Sphaerospermopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DEB9A5711D162AA19" author="Baker, P. D." box="[136,286,1366,1391]" pageId="10" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DEA3A5711D253AA19" author="Baker, P. D. &amp; Fabbro, L. D." box="[296,559,1366,1391]" pageId="10" refId="ref54367" refString="Baker, P. D. &amp; Fabbro, L. D. (2002) A guide to the identification of common blue-green algae (Cyanoprokaryotes) in Australian freshwaters. Thrugoona, NSW: Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology." type="book" year="2002">Baker &amp; Fabbro (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, Li
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DE94A5711D2F3AA19" box="[600,655,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2000, 2003),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DE8235711D44BAA19" author="Rajaniemi, P. &amp; Komarek, J. &amp; Willame, R. &amp; Hrouzek, P. &amp; Kastovska, K. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Sivonen, K." box="[817,1079,1366,1391]" pageId="10" pagination="371 - 391" refId="ref61412" refString="Rajaniemi, P., Komarek, J., Willame, R., Hrouzek, P., Kastovska, K., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Sivonen, K. (2005 a) Taxonomic consequences from the combined molecular and phenotype evaluation of selected Anabaena and Aphanizomenon strains. Algological Studies 117 (1): 371 - 391." type="journal article" year="2005">
Rajaniemi
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DE8B85711D39DAA19" box="[938,993,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2005a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DEF535711D4F7AA19" author="Rajaniemi, P. &amp; Hrouzek, P. &amp; Kastovska, K. &amp; Willame, R. &amp; Rantala, A. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. &amp; Sivonen, K." box="[1089,1163,1366,1391]" pageId="10" pagination="11 - 26" refId="ref61477" refString="Rajaniemi, P., Hrouzek, P., Kastovska, K., Willame, R., Rantala, A., Hoffmann, L., Komarek, J. &amp; Sivonen, K. (2005 b) Phylogenetic and morphological evaluation of the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Trichormus and Nostoc (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55 (1): 11 - 26." type="journal article" year="2005">2005b</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DEF8F5711D0A9AAE5" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Komarkova, J." pageId="10" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref58300" refString="Komarek, J. &amp; Komarkova, J. (2006) Diversity of Aphanizomenon- like cyanobacteria. Czech Phycology 6: 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="2006">Komárek &amp; Komárková (2006)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DEBF3573DD27BAAE5" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Mares, J." box="[225,519,1402,1427]" pageId="10" pagination="327 - 351" refId="ref58370" refString="Komarek, J. &amp; Mares, J. (2012) An update to modern taxonomy (2011) of freshwater planktic heterocytous cyanobacteria. Hydrobiologia 698 (1): 327 - 351." type="journal article" year="2012">Komárek &amp; Mareš (2012)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551810260DE900573DD34DAAE5" author="Zapomelova, E. &amp; Skacelova, O. &amp; Pumann, P. &amp; Kopp, R. &amp; Janecek, E." box="[530,817,1402,1427]" pageId="10" pagination="353 - 365" refId="ref63565" refString="Zapomelova, E., Skacelova, O., Pumann, P., Kopp, R. &amp; Janecek, E. (2012) Biogeographically interesting planktonic Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) in the Czech Republic and their polyphasic evaluation resulting in taxonomic revisions of Anabaena bergii Ostenfeld 1908 (Chrysosporum gen. nov.) and A. tenericaulis Nygaard 1949 (Dolichospermum tenericaule comb. nova). Hydrobiologia 698 (1): 353 - 365." type="journal article" year="2012">
Zapomělová
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61810260DE9B7573DD2A2AAE5" box="[677,734,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="10">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
, Cirés &amp; Ballot (2016), Komárek (2016).
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271812260FEB9A5711D180AA19" ID-CoL="62BWJ" authority="Miller (1923: 125)" authorityName="Miller" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1923" box="[136,508,1366,1391]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaenopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="8" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEB9A5711D159AA19" box="[136,293,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="8">Anabaenopsis</emphasis>
Miller (1923: 125)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F1812260FEB9A573BD5D7A75F" pageId="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E37236A41812260FEB9A573BD196AAE7" blockId="8.[136,508,1366,1425]" box="[136,490,1404,1425]" pageId="8">
<typeStatus id="3C7688061812260FEB9A573BD0C7AAE7" box="[136,187,1404,1425]" pageId="8">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271812260FEBD6573BD196AAE7" authority="Miller (1923: 125)" authorityName="Miller" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1923" box="[196,490,1404,1425]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaenopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="8" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="elenkinii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEBD6573BD14EAAE7" box="[196,306,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. elenkinii</emphasis>
Miller (1923: 125)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41812260FEB9A57FCD261A9A6" blockId="8.[136,1452,1467,1888]" pageId="8">Filamentous; trichomes solitary or sometimes arranged in tangled clusters; planktonic; circinate, sigmoidal or spirally coiled, seldom straight; without sheaths but producing diffluent, colourless, homogeneous mucilage; trichomes metameric with heterocytes developing intercalary in pairs at regular distances from one another. Trichomes often disintegrate soon after heterocyte formation at the position between heterocyte pairs. Vegetative cells short to long barrel-shaped or cylindrical, shorter up to several times longer than wide, pale blue-green, with aerotopes. Heterocytes terminal or intercalary, spherical or widely oval, rarely ovoid or elongated, rounded conical, usually slightly greater than vegetative cells. Akinetes spherical to broadly ovate, solitary or in series, intercalary, arising paraheterocytically, generally in the centre of trichomes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41812260FEBAF549CD215A816" blockId="8.[136,1452,1467,1888]" pageId="8">
A widely distributed genus of 32 species known from freshwater lakes and reservoirs, rivers and estuaries, more commonly throughout tropical and subtropical regons. Here four species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341812260FEE2C54B8D5D4A86E" box="[1342,1448,1791,1816]" name="Australia" pageId="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551812260FEA395564D258A84A" author="Jeeji-Bai, N. &amp; Hegewald, E. &amp; Soeder, C. J." box="[299,548,1827,1852]" pageId="8" pagination="3 - 24" refId="ref57683" refString="Jeeji-Bai, N., Hegewald, E. &amp; Soeder, C. J. (1977) Revision and taxonomic analysis of the genus Anabaenopsis. Algological Studies / Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 1977: 3 - 24." type="journal article" year="1977">
Jeeji-Bai
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEA855564D1ACA84A" box="[407,464,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al.</emphasis>
(1977)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551812260FE9235564D2A4A84A" author="Hindak, F." box="[561,728,1827,1852]" pageId="8" pagination="283 - 302" refId="ref57066" refString="Hindak, F. (1988) Planktic species of two related genera Cylindrospermopsis and Anabaenopsis from Western Slovakia. Algological Studies / Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 1988: 283 - 302." type="journal article" year="1988">Hindák (1988)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551812260FE9F75564D3B4A84A" author="Iteman, I. &amp; Rippka, R. &amp; de Marsac, N. T. &amp; Herdman, M." box="[741,968,1827,1852]" pageId="8" pagination="481 - 496" refId="ref57616" refString="Iteman, I., Rippka, R., de Marsac, N. T. &amp; Herdman, M. (2002) rDNA analyses of planktonic heterocystous cyanobacteria, including members of the genera Anabaenopsis and Cyanospira. Microbiology 148 (2): 481 - 496. https: // doi. org / 10.1099 / 00221287 - 148 - 2 - 481" type="journal article" year="2002">
Iteman
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FE8285564D308A84A" box="[826,884,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551812260FE8C75564D4EEA84A" author="Komarek, J." box="[981,1170,1827,1852]" pageId="8" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref58111" refString="Komarek, J. (2005) Phenotype diversity of the heterocytous cyanoprokaryotic genus Anabaenopsis. Fottea 5 (1): 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="2005">Komárek (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, Rajaniemi
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEE0B5564D52EA84A" box="[1305,1362,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al.</emphasis>
(2005),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551812260FEB9A5500D119A816" author="de Souza Santos, K. R. &amp; Jacinavicius, F. R. &amp; Leite, C." box="[136,357,1863,1888]" pageId="8" pagination="119 - 126" refId="ref61753" refString="de Souza Santos, K. R., Jacinavicius, F. R. &amp; Leite, C. (2011) Effects of the pH on growth and morphology of Anabaenopsis elenkinii Miller (Cyanobacteria) isolated from the alkaline shallow lake of the Brazilian Pantanal. Fottea 11 (1): 119 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2011.012" type="journal article" year="2011">
Santos
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEBC85500D16EA816" box="[218,274,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551812260FEA7D5500D219A816" author="Aguilera, A. &amp; Komarek, J. &amp; Echenique, R. O." box="[367,613,1863,1888]" pageId="8" pagination="173 - 183" refId="ref53890" refString="Aguilera, A., Komarek, J. &amp; Echenique, R. O. (2016) Anabaenopsis morphospecies (Cyanobacteria, Nostocales) from Los Patos shallow lake (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina). Phytotaxa 272 (3): 173 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 272.3.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Aguilera
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEACA5500D26CA816" box="[472,528,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41812260FEB9A55C3D0ECA75F" blockId="8.[136,154,1924,2089]" pageId="8">1. - 2. - 3. -</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41812260FEBC155C3D5D7A75F" blockId="8.[211,1451,1924,2089]" pageId="8">
Filaments&gt; 8 μm broad......................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271812260FEE5155C3D14EA8C3" authority="Filaments" authorityName="Filaments" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaenopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="8" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="arnoldii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEE5155C3D5D6A8EF" box="[1347,1450,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. arnoldii</emphasis>
Filaments
</taxonomicName>
&lt;8 μm broad......................................................................................................................................................................2 Filaments not or only slightly constricted at the cross walls........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271812260FEE0955FAD14EA899" authority="Filaments" authorityName="Filaments" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaenopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="8" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="tanganyikae">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEE0955FAD5D6A8A4" box="[1307,1450,1981,2002]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. tanganyikae</emphasis>
Filaments
</taxonomicName>
clearly constricted at the cross walls.................................................................................................................................3 Vegetative cells cylindrical, 4.5–10.5 μm long × (2.5–) 4–6 μm broad ...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271812260FEE2655B0D144A75F" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaenopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="8" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="circularis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEE2655B0D5D6A77A" box="[1332,1450,2039,2060]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. circularis</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells barrel-shaped to long ellipsoid, 4.0–7.5 (–9) μm long × 4–6 (–8) μm broad..........................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271812260FEE2F5A53D5D7A75F" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1923" box="[1341,1451,2068,2089]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaenopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="8" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="elenkinii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61812260FEE2F5A53D5D7A75F" box="[1341,1451,2068,2089]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. elenkinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="E37236A41813260EEB9A52E7D28AAFCF" blockId="9.[136,758,160,185]" box="[136,758,160,185]" pageId="9">
<heading id="B83A81C81813260EEB9A52E7D28AAFCF" box="[136,758,160,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" reason="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C3DD118A1813260EEB9A52E7D28AAFCF" box="[136,758,160,185]" pageId="9">
<treatmentCitation id="626C10B51813260EEB9A52E7D216AFCF" author="Aptekar, E. M." box="[136,618,160,185]" page=")" pageId="9" year="1926">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271813260EEB9A52E7D216AFCF" ID-CoL="D9TQ" authority="Aptekar (1926: 54)" authorityName="Aptekar" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1926" box="[136,618,160,185]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaenopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="9" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="arnoldii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEB9A52E7D1F1AFCF" bold="true" box="[136,397,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="9">Anabaenopsis arnoldii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551813260EEA8652E7D216AFCF" author="Aptekar, E. M." box="[404,618,160,185]" pageId="9" pagination="41 - 55" refId="ref54216" refString="Aptekar, E. M. (1926) De nova Cyanophycearum specie: Anabaenopsis arnoldii Apt. Botanicheskie Materialy Instituta Sporovykh Rastenii Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada SSSR 4: 41 - 55." type="journal article" year="1926">Aptekar (1926: 54)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A211813260EE96352E7D28EAFCF" box="[625,754,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="76.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–D Anabaenopsis arnoldii. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="9">Fig. 2 A–D</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41813260EEB9A52AFD384AEE7" blockId="9.[136,1452,232,617]" pageId="9">Filaments planktonic; trichomes solitary or clustered in small colonies, ± irregularly screw-like coiled, coils 25–60 μm in diameter, constricted at the cross walls, with wide, colourless, diffluent mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical or widely barrel-shaped, distinctly compressed at the poles, grey-blue to yellow-green in colour, with aerotopes, (4–) 8–10 μm broad. Heterocytes spherical to widely oval, 5–11 μm long × 5.0–10.5 μm broad. Akinetes solitary or in pairs, widely elliptical, with colourless epispore, 10–19 (–22) long × 8–14 (–19) μm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F1813260EEBAF53DBD38BAD1F" pageId="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A41813260EEBAF53DBD2E9AEC3" blockId="9.[136,1452,232,617]" box="[189,661,412,437]" pageId="9">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEBAF53DBD1C9AEC3" bold="true" box="[189,437,412,437]" pageId="9">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Carbrook Lakes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41813260EEBAF5387D0A6AD57" blockId="9.[136,1452,232,617]" pageId="9">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEBAF5387D119AEAF" bold="true" box="[189,357,448,473]" pageId="9">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF91813260EEA945387D25EAE8B" county="Lake Alexandrina" location="River Torrens" municipality="Lake Albert" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EEA945387D246AEAF" box="[390,570,448,473]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="9">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Pelican Point at
<collectingCounty id="0A134E281813260EE9E85387D3B8AEAF" box="[762,964,448,473]" pageId="9">Lake Alexandrina</collectingCounty>
, Campbell Park at
<collectingMunicipality id="0316ACDE1813260EEF8A5387D563AEAF" box="[1176,1311,448,473]" pageId="9">Lake Albert</collectingMunicipality>
, Gumeracha Weir,
<location id="E612607F1813260EEBC353A3D10FAE8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B21813260EEB9A52E7D38BAD1F:E612607F1813260EEBC353A3D10FAE8B" box="[209,371,484,509]" county="Lake Alexandrina" municipality="Lake Albert" name="River Torrens" pageId="9" stateProvince="South Australia">River Torrens</location>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551813260EEA9653A3D25EAE8B" author="Baker, P. D." box="[388,546,484,509]" pageId="9" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EE92153A3D2EEAE8B" box="[563,658,484,509]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="9">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551813260EE9B353A3D3E7AE8B" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[673,923,484,509]" pageId="9" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EE8BE53A3D4FAAE8B" box="[940,1158,484,509]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="9">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: Magela Ck,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551813260EEE3853A3D0AAAD57" author="Thomasson, K." pageId="9" pagination="301 - 378" refId="ref62829" refString="Thomasson, K. (1986) Algal vegetation in North Australian billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42: 301 - 378." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomasson (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41813260EEBAF506BD38BAD1F" blockId="9.[136,1452,232,617]" pageId="9">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEBAF506BD120AD33" bold="true" box="[189,348,556,581]" pageId="9">Observations</emphasis>
:—Known from brackish coastal lagoons and occasionally estuaries. Associated with blooms of
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271813260EEE80506BD17DAD1F" authorityName="Mertens ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1888" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Nodularia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="9" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="spumigena">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEE80506BD17DAD1F" italics="true" pageId="9">N. spumigena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Carbrook Lakes, south-east
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EE94D5017D29FAD1F" box="[607,739,592,617]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="9">Queensland</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551813260EE9E05017D397AD1F" author="McGregor, G. B. &amp; Stewart, I. &amp; Sendall, B. C. &amp; Sadler, R. &amp; Reardon, K. &amp; Carter, S. &amp; Wruck, D. &amp; Wickramasinghe, W." box="[754,1003,592,617]" pageId="9" pagination="2396 - 2411" refId="ref60455" refString="McGregor, G. B., Stewart, I., Sendall, B. C., Sadler, R., Reardon, K., Carter, S., Wruck, D. &amp; Wickramasinghe, W. (2012) First report of a toxic Nodularia spumigena (Nostocales / Cyanobacteria) bloom in subtropical Australia. I. Phycological and public health investigations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9 (7): 2396 - 2411." type="journal article" year="2012">
McGregor
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EE87D5017D3D4AD1F" box="[879,936,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="9">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEB9A56D7D1EAABDF" bold="true" box="[136,406,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="9">Anabaenopsis elenkinii</emphasis>
Miller (1923: 125)
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A211813260EE96656D7D289ABDF" box="[628,757,1168,1193]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="78.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D Anabaenopsis elenkinii. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="9">Fig. 4 A–D</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="E37236A41813260EEB9A569FD2EFAAF7" blockId="9.[136,1452,1240,2057]" pageId="9">Filaments planktonic; trichomes solitary, shortly circinate to irregularly screw-like coiled, coils 15–35 (–50) μm in diameter, constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped to long ellipsoid, isodiametric to 1.2–4 × longer than wide, with aerotopes, 4.0–7.5 (–9) μm long × 4–6 (–8) μm broad. Heterocytes spherical to slightly ovate, 3–7 (–10) μm in diameter. Akinetes solitary or in series, ovate to oblong-ovate, with colourless or yellowish epispore, 8.0–15.0 μm long × (5.5–) 8.0–11.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEBAF57CBD1C6AAD3" bold="true" box="[189,442,1420,1445]" pageId="9">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Warrego R. at Allan Tannock Weir, Atkinson Dam, Beardmore Dam, Fitzroy R. at Bingegang Weir, Fitzroy R. at Moura Weir, Fitzroy R. at Bedford Weir, Fitzroy R. at Giru Weir, Fitzroy R. at Glebe Weir, Fitzroy R. at Tartrus Weir, Fitzroy R. at Theodore Weir, Fitzroy R. at Eden Bann Weir, Fitzroy R. at Neville Hewitt Weir, Burnett R. at Claude Wharton Weir, Burnett R. at Ben Anderson Barrage, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Burnett R. at Ned Churchward Weir, Burnett R. at Jones Weir, Bill Gunn Dam, Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Boondooma Dam, Bowen R. at Bowen R. Weir, Kolan R. at Bucca Weir, Burdekin Falls Dam, Callide Dam, Cania Dam, Condamine R. at Chinchilla Weir, Coolmunda Dam, Pioneer R. at Mirani Weir, Pioneer R. at Marian Weir, Pioneer R. at Dumbleton Weir, East Leichhardt Dam, Eungella Dam, Fairbairn Dam, Fred Haigh Dam, Gattonvalue offstream storage, Glenlyon Dam, Condamine R. at Jack Taylor Weir, Julius Dam, Kinchant Dam, Lake Clarendon, Maroon Dam, Mary R. at Mary R. Barrage, Moogerah Dam, Moura offstream storage, Paradise Dam, Peter Faust Dam, Tinaroo Falls Dam, Wuruma Dam.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEBAF555FD119A847" bold="true" box="[189,357,1816,1841]" pageId="9">Other records</emphasis>
:—
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<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EEA94555FD246A847" box="[390,570,1816,1841]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="9">South Australia</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EE956555FD28DA847" box="[580,753,1816,1841]" pageId="9">Bundaleer Res.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EE9EE555FD3DDA847" box="[764,929,1816,1841]" pageId="9">Howards Dam</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EE8BE555FD441A847" box="[940,1085,1816,1841]" pageId="9">Kangaroo Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EEF58555FD56BA847" box="[1098,1303,1816,1841]" pageId="9">Kimba Farm Dam</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EEE30555FD5D4A847" box="[1314,1448,1816,1841]" pageId="9">Eyre Penin.</collectorName>
, Strathalbyn Res.,
<collectingCounty id="0A134E281813260EEA40557BD1B4A823" box="[338,456,1852,1877]" pageId="9">Kersbrook</collectingCounty>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="0316ACDE1813260EE910557BD2DDA823" box="[514,673,1852,1877]" pageId="9">Mount Barker</collectingMunicipality>
farm dams,
<location id="E612607F1813260EE823557BD45CA823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B21813260EEB9A56D7D360A77F:E612607F1813260EE823557BD45CA823" box="[817,1056,1852,1877]" county="Kersbrook" municipality="Mount Barker" name="Mount Lofty Ranges" pageId="9" stateProvince="South Australia">Mount Lofty Ranges</location>
,
<location id="E612607F1813260EEF3F557BD4EEA823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B21813260EEB9A56D7D360A77F:E612607F1813260EEF3F557BD4EEA823" box="[1069,1170,1852,1877]" county="Kersbrook" municipality="Mount Barker" name="Pinnaroo" pageId="9" stateProvince="South Australia">Pinnaroo</location>
and
<location id="E612607F1813260EEFD9557BD55EA823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B21813260EEB9A56D7D360A77F:E612607F1813260EEFD9557BD55EA823" box="[1227,1314,1852,1877]" county="Kersbrook" municipality="Mount Barker" name="Frances" pageId="9" stateProvince="South Australia">Frances</location>
farm dams
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;
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF91813260EEB9A5527D220A80F" box="[136,604,1888,1913]" collectorName="Namoi R." location="Walgett" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EEB9A5527D12EA80F" box="[136,338,1888,1913]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="9">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EEA495527D1BBA80F" box="[347,455,1888,1913]" pageId="9">Namoi R.</collectorName>
near
<location id="E612607F1813260EE9105527D220A80F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B21813260EEB9A56D7D360A77F:E612607F1813260EE9105527D220A80F" box="[514,604,1888,1913]" name="Walgett" pageId="9" stateProvince="New South Wales">Walgett</location>
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;
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF91813260EE9745527D5DBA80F" box="[614,1447,1888,1913]" collectorName="Edenhope Res. &amp; Kerang &amp; Shepparton" location="Victoria" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EE9745527D2B9A80F" box="[614,709,1888,1913]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="9">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EE9DC5527D30BA80F" box="[718,887,1888,1913]" pageId="9">Edenhope Res.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EE8905527D3A8A80F" box="[898,980,1888,1913]" pageId="9">Kerang</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EEF1A5527D4F4A80F" box="[1032,1160,1888,1913]" pageId="9">Shepparton</collectorName>
farm dams,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551813260EEE025527D5DBA80F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1296,1447,1888,1913]" pageId="9" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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;
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF91813260EEB9A55C3D331A8EB" box="[136,845,1924,1949]" collectorName="Swan Coastal Plain Wetlands" location="Western Australia" pageId="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EEB9A55C3D128A8EB" box="[136,340,1924,1949]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="9">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="4E3853721813260EEA4C55C3D2D5A8EB" box="[350,681,1924,1949]" pageId="9">Swan Coastal Plain Wetlands</collectorName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551813260EE9A655C3D331A8EB" author="Kemp, A. S." box="[692,845,1924,1949]" pageId="9" refId="ref57914" refString="Kemp, A. S. (2009) Freshwater cyanoprokaryota blooms in the Swan Coastal Plain wetlands: ecology, taxonomy and toxicology. Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University, Perth." type="book" year="2009">Kemp (2009)</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461813260EE84B55C3D450A8EB" box="[857,1068,1924,1949]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="9">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551813260EEF2455C3D562A8EB" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[1078,1310,1924,1949]" pageId="9" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41813260EEBAF55EFD360A77F" blockId="9.[136,1452,1240,2057]" pageId="9">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEBAF55EFD120A8B7" bold="true" box="[189,348,1960,1985]" pageId="9">Observations</emphasis>
:—Widespread species throughout the warmer areas of the temperate zone, common in the plankton of mesotrophic reservoirs and weir pools throughout
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341813260EE9CF558BD33BA893" box="[733,839,1996,2021]" name="Australia" pageId="9">Australia</collectingCountry>
; not typically a bloom forming species. Compare with
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271813260EEB9A55B7D16FA77F" box="[136,275,2032,2057]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaenopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="9" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="circularis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61813260EEB9A55B7D16FA77F" box="[136,275,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="9">A. circularis</emphasis>
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which typically has narrower vegetative cells.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EB9A56F3D1CAABBB" bold="true" box="[136,438,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="14">Dolichospermum crassum</emphasis>
(Lemmermann)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E96656F3D426ABBB" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[628,1114,1204,1229]" pageId="14" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009: 61)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A2118142609EF7356F3D497ABBB" box="[1121,1259,1204,1229]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="85.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–E Dolichospermum crassum. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="14">Fig. 11 A–E</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18142609EB9A569DD56FAABF" pageId="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EB9A569DD35AAB99" blockId="14.[136,1263,1204,1263]" box="[136,806,1242,1263]" pageId="14">
Basionym:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718142609EBE4569DD35AAB99" ID-CoL="5FKTS" authority="Lemmermann (1898: 155)" authorityName="Lemmermann" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1898" box="[246,806,1242,1263]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="14" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="variety" species="spiroides" variety="crassa">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBE4569DD1C8AB99" box="[246,436,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="14">Anabaena spiroides</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EAF6569DD25FAB99" box="[484,547,1242,1263]" italics="true" pageId="14">crassa</emphasis>
Lemmermann (1898: 155)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EB9A5767D56FAABF" blockId="14.[136,1452,1312,1805]" pageId="14">Filaments solitary, planktonic; trichomes regularly screw-like coiled, coils 40–90 μm in diameter, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; often with a broad, colourless mucilage. Vegetative cells globose, compressed at the poles, dark blue-green in colour, with aerotopes, 8.0–12.0 μm in diameter; apical cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes spherical or slightly compressed at the poles, 9.0–15.0 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or in pairs, oval to cylindrical, slightly curved and remote from the heterocytes, 14.0–40.0 μm long × 13.5–25.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18142609EBAF5793D34FA87B" pageId="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF5793D24CA967" blockId="14.[136,1452,1312,1805]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF5793D1C4AA9B" bold="true" box="[189,440,1492,1517]" pageId="14">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Bill Gunn Dam, Fitzroy R. at Eden Bann Weir, Haughton R. at Giru Weir, Lake Clarendon, Paradise Dam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF545BD373A9B3" blockId="14.[136,1452,1312,1805]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF545BD117A943" bold="true" box="[189,363,1564,1589]" pageId="14">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EA9E545BD26BA943" box="[396,535,1564,1589]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="14">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: Indooroopilly,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E9C1545BD3F1A943" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[723,909,1564,1589]" pageId="14" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609E88F545BD408A943" box="[925,1140,1564,1589]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="14">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: River Murray at Murtho, Murbko, Swan Reach, Mannum, Wood’s Point, Hawkesbury R. near Sackville,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E8E55407D4F1A92F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1015,1165,1600,1625]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Hume Dam,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EE375407D085A90B" author="Humpage, A. &amp; Gaget, V. &amp; Lau, M. &amp; Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S." pageId="14" refId="ref57565" refString="Humpage, A., Gaget, V., Lau, M., Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S. (2013) CyanoSurvey: a national update on toxic cyanobacteria and their distribution. Final Report Project 1022, Water Research Australia Limited, Adelaide." type="journal volume" year="2013">
Humpage
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EE855407D0D9A90B" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EA175423D1CAA90B" box="[261,438,1636,1661]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="14">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Lake Alexandrina at Goolwa,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E8025423D3DBA90B" author="Baker, P. D." box="[784,935,1636,1661]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Gumeracha Weir-River Torrens, Farm dam at Angaston,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EA1354CFD1E5A9D7" author="Baker, P. D." box="[257,409,1672,1697]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EAB654CFD27FA9D7" box="[420,515,1672,1697]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="14">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: Wonthaggi-Inverloch Res., Green L., Dock L.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EF0F54CFD4C8A9D7" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1053,1204,1672,1697]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EFAD54CFD5DBA9D7" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[1215,1447,1672,1697]" pageId="14" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EB9A54EBD120A9B3" box="[136,348,1708,1733]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="14">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: Kangaroo Ck,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E91854EBD376A9B3" author="Humpage, A. &amp; Gaget, V. &amp; Lau, M. &amp; Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S." box="[522,778,1708,1733]" pageId="14" refId="ref57565" refString="Humpage, A., Gaget, V., Lau, M., Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S. (2013) CyanoSurvey: a national update on toxic cyanobacteria and their distribution. Final Report Project 1022, Water Research Australia Limited, Adelaide." type="journal volume" year="2013">
Humpage
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609E96F54EBD2CAA9B3" box="[637,694,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF5497D34FA87B" blockId="14.[136,1452,1312,1805]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF5497D120A99F" bold="true" box="[189,348,1744,1769]" pageId="14">Observations</emphasis>
:—Uncommon, recorded from Europe, Asia, South America and
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418142609EF935497D559A99F" box="[1153,1317,1744,1769]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. Australian populations reported from mesotrophic dams and weir pools.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18142608EB9A557BD527AFAB" lastPageId="15" pageId="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EB9A557BD0BAA80F" blockId="14.[136,1452,1852,1947]" pageId="14">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C3DD118A18142609EB9A557BD0BAA80F" pageId="14">
<treatmentCitation id="626C10B518142609EB9A557BD52CA823" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[136,1360,1852,1877]" page=")" pageId="14" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718142609EB9A557BD52CA823" authority="(Brebisson ex Bornet &amp; Flahault) Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek (2009: 60)" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" box="[136,1360,1852,1877]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="14" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="flosaquae">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EB9A557BD1B5A823" bold="true" box="[136,457,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="14">Dolichospermum flosaquae</emphasis>
(Brébisson ex Bornet &amp; Flahault)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E84F557BD52CA823" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[861,1360,1852,1877]" pageId="14" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009: 60)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A2118142609EE48557BD0BEA80F" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="86.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 12. A–D Dolichospermum flosaquae. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="14">Fig. 12 A–D</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EB9A55C1D309A8ED" blockId="14.[136,1452,1852,1947]" box="[136,885,1926,1947]" pageId="14">
Basionym:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718142609EBE455C1D309A8ED" ID-CoL="D9SY" authority="Brebisson ex Bornet &amp; Flauhault (1886: 228)" authorityName="Brebisson ex Bornet &amp; Flauhault" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1886" box="[246,885,1926,1947]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="14" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="flosaquae">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBE455C1D1C6A8ED" box="[246,442,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="14">Anabaena flosaquae</emphasis>
Brébisson ex Bornet &amp; Flauhault (1886: 228)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142608EB9A558BD527AFAB" blockId="14.[136,1452,1996,2093]" lastBlockId="15.[136,1452,160,905]" lastPageId="15" pageId="14">Filaments solitary or entangled into small clusters, planktonic; trichomes irregularly screw-like coiled and twisted, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; often associated with an indistinct, colourless mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical and compressed at the poles, (3.0–) 4.0–5.5 μm in diameter, blue-green in colour, with aerotopes; apical cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes spherical 5.0–10.0 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or in pairs, cylindrical reniform, remote from the heterocytes, 15.0–24.0 μm long × (4.0–) 7.0–14.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18152608EBAF52AFD16BACFF" pageId="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A418152608EBAF52AFD0BAAD1F" blockId="15.[136,1452,160,905]" pageId="15">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF52AFD1CBAE77" bold="true" box="[189,439,232,257]" pageId="15">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Beardmore Dam, Fitzroy R. at Bedford Weir, Fitzroy R. at Eden Bann Weir, Fitzroy R. at Glebe Weir, Fitzroy R. at Moura Weir, Fitzroy R. at Neville Hewitt Weir, Fitzroy R. at Theodore Weir, Fitzroy R. at Bingegang Weir, Burnett R. at Ben Anderson Barrage, Burnett R. at Charles Lloyd Jones Weir, Burnett R. at Claude Wharton Weir, Burnett R. at Jones Weir, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Burnett R. at Ned Churchward Weir, Bill Gunn Dam, Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Boondooma Dam, Borumba Dam, Bowen R. at Bowen R. Weir, Kolan R. at Bucca Weir, Burdekin Falls Dam, Callide Dam, Cania Dam, Coolmunda Dam, Corella Dam, Pioneer R. at Dumbleton Weir, Pioneer R. at Marian Weir, Pioneer R. at Mirani Weir, Eungella Dam, Fairbairn Dam, Fred Haigh Dam, Gattonvale offstream storage, Haughton R. at Giru Weir, Glenlyon Dam, Julius Dam, Kinchant Dam, Lake Clarendon, Leslie Dam, Maroon Dam, Mary R. at Mary R. Barrage, Moogerah Dam, Moura offstream storage, Paradise Dam, Peter Faust Dam, Fitzroy R. at Tartrus Weir, Teemburra Dam, Tinaroo Falls Dam, Warrego R. at Thurulgoona, Wuruma Dam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418152608EBAF5033D1B5AC6B" blockId="15.[136,1452,160,905]" pageId="15">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF5033D119ADFB" bold="true" box="[189,357,628,653]" pageId="15">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608EA955033D26EADFB" box="[391,530,628,653]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608E9515033D2B6ADFB" box="[579,714,628,653]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608E9C75033D3F5ADFB" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[725,905,628,653]" pageId="15" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608E8865033D41CADFB" box="[916,1120,628,653]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="15">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Lake
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608EFBA5033D579ADFB" box="[1192,1285,628,653]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="15">Victoria</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608EE025033D5DBADFB" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1296,1447,628,653]" pageId="15" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Namoi R. near Walgett,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608EA8A50DFD24DADC7" author="Baker, P. D." box="[408,561,664,689]" pageId="15" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608E92E50DFD2E7ADC7" box="[572,667,664,689]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="15">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: River Murray at Bonyarical Ck,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608EF0050DFD4D6ADC7" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1042,1194,664,689]" pageId="15" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Yan Yean Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608EE7450DFD0A9ADA3" author="Hardy, A. D." pageId="15" pagination="279 - 281" refId="ref56612" refString="Hardy, A. D. (1907) Notes on a peculiar habitat of a Chlorophyte, Myxonema tenue. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society of London 1907: 279 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2818.1907. tb 01656. x" type="journal article" year="1907">Hardy (1907)</bibRefCitation>
, Dartmouth Dam, Powling (1980);
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608E94B50FBD375ADA3" box="[601,777,700,725]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="15">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: River Murray at Waikerie, Murbko, Swan Reach, Punyelroo,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608EB9A50A7D162AD8F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[136,286,736,761]" pageId="15" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608EA3B50A7D272AD8F" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[297,526,736,761]" pageId="15" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608E90A50A7D29EAD8F" box="[536,738,736,761]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="15">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
: Vasse R.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608E84A50A7D46FAD8F" author="Lee, E. &amp; Ryan, U. M. &amp; Monis, P. &amp; McGregor, G. B. &amp; Bath, A. &amp; Gordon, C. &amp; Paparini, A." box="[856,1043,736,761]" pageId="15" pagination="248 - 261" refId="ref58967" refString="Lee, E., Ryan, U. M., Monis, P., McGregor, G. B., Bath, A., Gordon, C. &amp; Paparini, A. (2014) Polyphasic identification of cyanobacterial isolates from Australia. Water Research 59: 248 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. watres. 2014.04.023" type="journal article" year="2014">
Lee
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608E89A50A7D3C3AD8F" box="[904,959,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608EF0F50A7D48CAD8F" box="[1053,1264,736,761]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="15">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
:Alligator Rivers region, Ling &amp; Tyler (1986).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418152608EBAF516FD16BACFF" blockId="15.[136,1452,160,905]" pageId="15">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF516FD120AC37" bold="true" box="[189,348,808,833]" pageId="15">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan. Widespread and common throughout
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418152608E8DB516FD44CAC37" box="[969,1072,808,833]" name="Australia" pageId="15">Australia</collectingCountry>
where it sometimes forms blooms in mesotrophic reservoirs and farm dams. Australian populations have not been associated with the production of cyanotoxins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EB9A51FFD198ACA7" bold="true" box="[136,484,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="15">Dolichospermum helicoideum</emphasis>
(Bernard)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608E94C51FFD465ACA7" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[606,1049,952,977]" pageId="15" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="E37236A418152608EB9A5647D145ABBB" blockId="15.[136,1452,1024,1517]" pageId="15">Trichomes planktonic, solitary, ± regularly spirally coiled, without mucilaginous sheath, constricted at the cross walls; coils 25–40 μm in diameter. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped, isodiametric or up to 1.8 × longer than broad, 3.6–6.0 μm long × 3.0–3.8 μm broad, with aerotopes; apical cells sometimes slightly narrowed and elongated. Heterocytes solitary, spherical to ellipsoidal, 4.2–5.2 μm long, 3.9 × 4.4 μm broad. Akinetes cylindrical, slightly arcuate, up to 3.3 × longer than broad, 9.4–18.2 μm long × 3.7–5.9 μm broad, single or up to two in series, adjacent to or remote from the heterocytes.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF569FD1C8AB87" bold="true" box="[189,436,1240,1265]" pageId="15">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Ben Anderson Barrage, Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Boondooma Dam, Bowen R. Weir, Bucca Weir, Callide Dam, Cania Dam, Coolmunda Dam, Eungella Dam, Glenlyon Dam, Kirar Weir, Ned Churchward Weir, Paradise Dam, Wuruma Dam.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF5703D10CAA2B" bold="true" box="[189,368,1348,1373]" pageId="15">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608EA835703D260AA2B" box="[401,540,1348,1373]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: central
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618152608E99D5703D36FAA2B" box="[655,787,1348,1373]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="15">Queensland</collectingRegion>
as
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718152608E85F5703D1F0AAF7" authority=", Fabbro &amp; Duivenvoorden (1993)" authorityName="Fabbro &amp; Duivenvoorden" authorityYear="1993" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" form="lemmermannii" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="15" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="form" species="flos-aquae">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608E85F5703D43BAA2B" box="[845,1095,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="15">Anabaena flos-aquae</emphasis>
f.
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,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518152608EE275703D1F0AAF7" author="Fabbro, L. D. &amp; Duivenvoorden, L. J." pageId="15" refId="ref55849" refString="Fabbro, L. D. &amp; Duivenvoorden, L. J. (1993) A Photographic Guide to Common Cyanobacteria of Central Queensland. River and Wetland Ecology Group, Faculty of Applied Science, Central Queensland University." type="book" year="1993">Fabbro &amp; Duivenvoorden (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF57CBD120AAD3" bold="true" box="[189,348,1420,1445]" pageId="15">Observations</emphasis>
:—Known from tropical areas of south-east Asia and South and Central America. In
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, it is commonly misreported as
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718152608EABC57F7D240AABF" authorityName="Brebisson ex Bornet &amp; Flauhault" authorityYear="1886" box="[430,572,1456,1481]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="15" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="flosaquae">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EABC57F7D240AABF" box="[430,572,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15">D. flosaquae</emphasis>
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, however
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718152608E9BC57F7D325AABF" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Bernard" box="[686,857,1456,1481]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="15" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="helicoideum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608E9BC57F7D325AABF" box="[686,857,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="15">D. helicoideum</emphasis>
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differs by the elongated cylindrical shape of akinetes, which may be either remote or adjacent to the heterocyte.
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Basionym:
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Hill (1976: 67)
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<paragraph id="E37236A418152608EB9A54CFD4BCA847" blockId="15.[136,1452,1672,1985]" pageId="15">Filaments solitary or clustered into microscopic aggregations, planktonic; trichomes regularly spirally coiled, coils 30–40 μm in diameter, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; often with a broad, colourless mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical or slightly longer than broad, 7.0–9.0 μm in diameter, blue-green in colour, with aerotopes; apical cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes spherical, 7.0–10.0 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary, cylindrical and reniform, remote from the heterocytes, 13.0–19.0 μm long × 9.5–15.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF557BD1C9A823" bold="true" box="[189,437,1852,1877]" pageId="15">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Moogerah Dam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418152608EBAF5527D346A80F" blockId="15.[136,1452,1672,1985]" box="[189,826,1888,1913]" pageId="15">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF5527D119A80F" bold="true" box="[189,357,1888,1913]" pageId="15">Other records</emphasis>
:—
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,
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.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBAF55C3D120A8EB" bold="true" box="[189,348,1924,1949]" pageId="15">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan species, known from the plankton of reservoirs and weir pools throughout
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718152608EB9A55B7D42AA77F" authority="(Brunnthaler) Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek (2009)" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Brunnthaler" box="[136,1110,2032,2057]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="15" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="planctonicum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EB9A55B7D189A77F" bold="true" box="[136,501,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="15">Dolichospermum planctonicum</emphasis>
(Brunnthaler)
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.
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Basionym:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618152608EBE45A51D1B2A75D" box="[246,462,2070,2091]" italics="true" pageId="15">Anabaena planctonica</emphasis>
Brunnthaler (1903: 292)
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</paragraph>
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Filaments solitary, planktonic; trichomes straight or flexuous, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; often associated with a broad, hyaline mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical or depressed globose, dark blue-green in colour, with aerotopes, 5.5–12.0 μm long × 8.0–15.0 μm broad; apical cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes solitary, spherical, 9.0–15.0 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or up to
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series, oblong-ovate or oblong with conical ends, remote from heterocytes, 15.0–38.0 μm long × 9.0–20.0 μm broad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F180A2617EBAF5317D090AD16" pageId="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A4180A2617EBAF5317D437AEFA" blockId="16.[136,1452,160,608]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF5317D1C9AE1F" bold="true" box="[189,437,336,361]" pageId="16">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Bowen R. at Bowen R. Weir, Burnett R. at Jones Weir, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Kinchant Dam, Mary R. at Mary R. Barrage, Pioneer R. at Mirani Weir.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180A2617EBAF53D1D197AD6F" blockId="16.[136,1452,160,608]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF53D1D119AED9" bold="true" box="[189,357,406,431]" pageId="16">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180A2617EA9453D1D22FAED9" box="[390,595,406,431]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="16">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Prospect Res., Cannon
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617E87253D1D3E4AED9" box="[864,920,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="16">et al.</emphasis>
(1970), Bowen &amp; Smalls (1980), River Murray at Swan Hill,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EA3053FED26DAEA4" author="Sullivan, C. M. &amp; Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D." box="[290,529,441,466]" pageId="16" refId="ref62784" refString="Sullivan, C. M., Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D. (1988) Phytoplankton of the River Murray. Review of Monitoring 1980 - 1985. Water Quality Report No. 2. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra." type="book" year="1988">
Sullivan
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EA9453FED1C2AEA4" box="[390,446,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="16">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
, Namoi R. near Walgett,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617E83953FED3BEAEA4" author="Baker, P. D." box="[811,962,441,466]" pageId="16" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617E8DC53FED4C9AEA4" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." box="[974,1205,441,466]" pageId="16" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180A2617EFD253FED563AEA4" box="[1216,1311,441,466]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="16">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: Wonthaggi-Inverloch Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EA2B539BD1ACAE83" author="Baker, P. D." box="[313,464,476,501]" pageId="16" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180A2617EAC9539BD2F0AE83" box="[475,652,476,501]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="16">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Warren Res., Hindmash Valley Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EF21539BD4B6AE83" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1075,1226,476,501]" pageId="16" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846180A2617EFC7539BD5D4AE83" box="[1237,1448,476,501]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="16">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: Magela Ck,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55180A2617EA035047D19BAD6F" author="Thomasson, K." box="[273,487,512,537]" pageId="16" pagination="301 - 378" refId="ref62829" refString="Thomasson, K. (1986) Algal vegetation in North Australian billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42: 301 - 378." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomasson (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4180A2617EBAF5064D090AD16" blockId="16.[136,1452,160,608]" pageId="16">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617EBAF5064D120AD4A" bold="true" box="[189,348,547,572]" pageId="16">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan species, may be mistaken for
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27180A2617E8955064D385AD4A" box="[903,1017,547,572]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="16" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="smithii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6180A2617E8955064D385AD4A" box="[903,1017,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="16">D. smithii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which differ by the shape of mature akinetes.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61816260BEB9A55A8D135A77E" box="[136,329,2031,2056]" italics="true" pageId="12">Dolichospermum</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="3C7688061816260BEB9A5A52D0C7A75C" box="[136,187,2069,2090]" pageId="12">Type</typeStatus>
:
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(Brébisson ex Bornet &amp; Flahault)
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<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A52E7D141AEC3" blockId="13.[136,1452,160,689]" pageId="13">Filaments planktonic, solitary or aggregated into floccose masses; trichomes isopolar, metameric with respect to the position of heterocytes, straight, flexuous, circinate, spirally coiled or irregularly twisted, constricted at the cross walls, without firm sheaths, generally with fine diffluent mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical, ellipsoidal, barrel-shaped, quadrate or cylindrical, with aerotopes. Apical cells undifferentiated, morphologically similar to the vegetative cells. Heterocytes intercalary, solitary, exceptionally in pairs; developing from vegetative cells in ± metameric position. Akinetes spherical to cylindrical in shape, developing paraheterocytically, rarely adjacent to heterocytes, generally separated from them by one or more cells, solitary or in series. Mature akinetes usually three or more times larger than vegetative cells.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEBAF5387D326ADC7" blockId="13.[136,1452,160,689]" pageId="13">
A widely distributed genus of 45 species known from the plankton of freshwater lakes, reservoirs, rivers and estuaries. Here nine species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341817260AE82A53A3D3DEAE8B" box="[824,930,484,509]" name="Australia" pageId="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Planktonic species with aerotopes, previously considered within the genus
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEAC3504FD23FAD57" box="[465,579,520,545]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEAC3504FD23FAD57" box="[465,579,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="13">Anabaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have recently been transferred to
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AE8DE504FD4F1AD57" box="[972,1165,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="13">Dolichospermum</emphasis>
(
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Wacklin
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE17504FD53CAD57" box="[1285,1344,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al.</emphasis>
2009
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)
</taxonomicName>
. It is likely that more revisions will be made in the future. Bibliography:
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A509CD0ECABD6" blockId="13.[136,155,731,1184]" pageId="13">1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. - 8. -</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEBC1509CD5D6ABD6" blockId="13.[211,1451,731,1184]" pageId="13">
Filaments straight or slightly flexuous...............................................................................................................................................2 Filaments regularly or irregularly coiled............................................................................................................................................4 Filaments &lt;6 μm broad..........................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE455152D14EAC31" authority="Filaments" authorityName="Filaments" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="affine">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE455152D5D7AC5C" box="[1367,1451,789,810]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. affine</emphasis>
Filaments
</taxonomicName>
&gt; 6 μm broad......................................................................................................................................................................3 Akinetes spherical to broadly ovate .....................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE5E5109D154ACF6" authority="Akinetes" authorityName="Akinetes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="smithii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE5E5109D5D6AC15" box="[1356,1450,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. smithii</emphasis>
Akinetes
</taxonomicName>
oblong-ovate or oblong with conical ends ................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE19512CD14EACEB" authority="Filaments" authorityName="Filaments" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="planktonicum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE19512CD5D7ACF6" box="[1291,1451,875,896]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. planktonicum</emphasis>
Filaments
</taxonomicName>
regularly screw-like coiled................................................................................................................................................5 Filaments irregularly coiled................................................................................................................................................................7 Akinetes oval to cylindrical................................................................................................................................................................6 Akinetes cylindrical reniform......................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE075199D144AB66" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="perturbatum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE075199D5D7AC85" box="[1301,1451,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. perturbatum</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells globose, 8.0–12.0 μm in diameter...........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE2F51BCD144AB5B" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE2F51BCD5D7AB66" box="[1341,1451,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. crassum</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells spherical, (4.0–) 7.0–9.0 μm long × 6.0–8.5 μm broad .........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE24565FD144AB3C" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="spiroides">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE24565FD5D7AB5B" box="[1334,1451,1048,1069]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. spiroides</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells&gt; 5 μm in diameter ..................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE2B5672D144AB11" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="circinale">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE2B5672D5D6AB3C" box="[1337,1450,1077,1098]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. circinale</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells &lt;5 μm in diameter...................................................................................................................................................8 Akinetes cylindrical, slightly arcuate, solitary or up to two in series, adjacent to or remote from the heterocytes....
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE0A5629D154ABD6" authority="Akinetes" authorityName="Akinetes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="helicoideum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE0A5629D5D6ABF5" box="[1304,1450,1134,1155]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. helicoideum</emphasis>
Akinetes
</taxonomicName>
cylindrical reniform, solitary or in pairs, remote from the heterocytes............................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEE2256CCD5D6ABD6" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Brebisson ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" box="[1328,1450,1163,1184]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Aphanizomenon" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="flosaquae">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEE2256CCD5D6ABD6" box="[1328,1450,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="13">D. flosaquae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="626C10B51817260AEB9A5697D441AB9F" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[136,1085,1232,1257]" page=")" pageId="13" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEB9A5697D441AB9F" authority="(Lemmermann) Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek (2009: 61)" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Lemmermann" box="[136,1085,1232,1257]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="affine">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEB9A5697D1E6AB9F" bold="true" box="[136,410,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13">Dolichospermum affine</emphasis>
(Lemmermann)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AE9455697D441AB9F" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[599,1085,1232,1257]" pageId="13" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009: 61)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A211817260AEF565697D4B9AB9F" box="[1092,1221,1232,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 9. A–D Dolichospermum affine. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="13">Fig. 9 A–D</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F1817260AEB9A56B0D3F1A97F" pageId="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A56B0D2E1AA7A" blockId="13.[136,1225,1232,1292]" box="[136,669,1271,1292]" pageId="13">
Basionym:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEBE456B0D2E1AA7A" ID-CoL="D9SK" authority="Lemmermann (1897: 261)" authorityName="Lemmermann" authorityPageNumber="261" authorityYear="1897" box="[246,669,1271,1292]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBE456B0D1E5AA7A" box="[246,409,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13">Anabaena affinis</emphasis>
Lemmermann (1897: 261)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A577BD3F1A97F" blockId="13.[136,1452,1340,1761]" pageId="13">Filaments solitary, planktonic; trichomes straight or slightly flexuous, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; mucilage fine, colourless, up to 20 μm wide. Vegetative cells spherical or slightly barrel-shaped, compressed at the poles, clearly constricted at the cross walls, (2.5–) 4.5–7.5 μm long × 4.5–6.0 μm broad, with aerotopes; apical cells rounded to shortly conical. Heterocytes intercalary, solitary, spherical, 5.0–7.5 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or rarely in pairs, ovate to oblong with rounded ends, adjacent to or remote from the heterocytes, (6–) 11–22 (–30) μm long × (4.5–) 9.0 – 13.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F1817260AEBAF5453D292A997" pageId="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEBAF5453D4B7A95B" blockId="13.[136,1452,1340,1761]" box="[189,1227,1556,1581]" pageId="13">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBAF5453D1C9A95B" bold="true" box="[189,437,1556,1581]" pageId="13">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Bill Gunn Dam, Burnett R., Ned Churchward Weir.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEBAF547FD2E7A903" blockId="13.[136,1452,1340,1761]" pageId="13">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBAF547FD114A927" bold="true" box="[189,360,1592,1617]" pageId="13">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461817260AEA9B547FD243A927" box="[393,575,1592,1617]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="13">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Warren Res., Strathalbyn Res., Mount Lofty Ranges,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AEFA3547FD536A927" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1201,1354,1592,1617]" pageId="13" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AEE45547FD164A903" author="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A." pageId="13" refId="ref59593" refString="Ling, H. U. &amp; Tyler, P. A. (2000) Australian freshwater algae. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 105. XII, 643 pp, 159 pls, 1 fig." type="book" year="2000">Ling &amp; Tyler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F8461817260AEA31541BD1FEA903" box="[291,386,1628,1653]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="13">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AEA9E541BD2EBA903" author="Baker, P. D. &amp; Fabbro, L. D." box="[396,663,1628,1653]" pageId="13" refId="ref54367" refString="Baker, P. D. &amp; Fabbro, L. D. (2002) A guide to the identification of common blue-green algae (Cyanoprokaryotes) in Australian freshwaters. Thrugoona, NSW: Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology." type="book" year="2002">Baker &amp; Fabbro (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEBAF54C7D292A997" blockId="13.[136,1452,1340,1761]" pageId="13">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBAF54C7D120A9EF" bold="true" box="[189,348,1664,1689]" pageId="13">Observations</emphasis>
:—A widespread species, recorded throughout Europe, Asia, North and South America and
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341817260AEE6454C7D09EA9CB" name="New Zealand" pageId="13">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(as
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEA0854E3D2F0A9CB" authority="Lemmermann" authorityName="Lemmermann" authorityYear="1897" box="[282,652,1700,1725]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEA0854E3D1A2A9CB" box="[282,478,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13">Anabaena affinis</emphasis>
Lemmermann
</taxonomicName>
). Australian populations are not known to
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEF9454E3D554A9CB" box="[1158,1320,1700,1725]" form="fascicles" pageId="13" rank="form">form fascicles</taxonomicName>
of parallel arranged trichomes as variously reported from Europe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18172609EB9A5557D10EAFAB" lastPageId="14" pageId="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A5557D0B8A83B" blockId="13.[136,1451,1808,1904]" pageId="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C3DD118A1817260AEB9A5557D0B8A83B" pageId="13">
<treatmentCitation id="626C10B51817260AEB9A5557D52DA85F" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[136,1361,1808,1833]" page=")" pageId="13" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEB9A5557D52DA85F" authority="(Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault) Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek (2009: 61)" authorityName="Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komarek" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" box="[136,1361,1808,1833]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Dolichospermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="circinale">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEB9A5557D1C1A85F" bold="true" box="[136,445,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="13">Dolichospermum circinale</emphasis>
(Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551817260AE84D5557D52DA85F" author="Wacklin, P. &amp; Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[863,1361,1808,1833]" pageId="13" pagination="59 - 64" refId="ref63012" refString="Wacklin, P., Hoffmann, L. &amp; Komarek, J. (2009) Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault) comb. nova. Fottea 9 (1): 59 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5507 / fot. 2009.005" type="journal article" year="2009">Wacklin, Hoffmann &amp; Komárek (2009: 61)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A211817260AEE485557D0BCA83B" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="84.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–C Dolichospermum circinale. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="13">Fig. 10 A–C</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41817260AEB9A551CD30FA806" blockId="13.[136,1451,1808,1904]" box="[136,883,1883,1904]" pageId="13">
Basionym:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271817260AEBE4551CD30FA806" ID-CoL="D9SR" authority="Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 230)" authorityName="Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="1886" box="[246,883,1883,1904]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Anabaena" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="circinalis">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61817260AEBE4551CD1CBA806" box="[246,439,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13">Anabaena circinalis</emphasis>
Rabenhorst ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 230)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418172609EB9A55E7D10EAFAB" blockId="13.[136,1452,1952,2085]" lastBlockId="14.[136,1452,160,1157]" lastPageId="14" pageId="13">Filaments solitary or entangled into small clusters, planktonic; trichomes circinate or irregularly open screw-like coiled,&gt; 50 μm in diameter, constricted at the cross walls, not attenuated towards the ends; often associated with a broad, colourless mucilage. Vegetative cells spherical or compressed at the poles, blue-green in colour, with aerotopes, 7.0–8.5 (–11.0) μm in diameter; apical cells undifferentiated. Heterocytes spherical, 8.5–11.0 μm in diameter. Akinetes intercalary, solitary or in series, cylindrical, slightly curved and remote from the heterocytes, 20.0–28.0 μm long × 11.5–16.0 μm broad.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18142609EBAF52AFD37CABF3" pageId="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF52AFD1D6AD33" blockId="14.[136,1452,160,1157]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF52AFD1C6AE77" bold="true" box="[189,442,232,257]" pageId="14">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Baroon Pocket Dam, Beardmore Dam, Fitzroy R. at Bedford Weir, Fitzroy R. at Bingegang Weir, Fitzroy R. at Eden Bann Weir, Fitzroy R. at Glebe Weir, Fitzroy R. at Moura Weir, Fitzroy R. at Neville Hewitt Weir, Fitzroy R. at Tartrus Weir, Fitzroy R. at Theodore Weir, Burnett R. at Ben Anderson Barrage, Burnett R. at Kirar Weir, Burnett R. at Ned Churchward Weir, Bill Gunn Dam, Bjelke-Petersen Dam, Bowen R. at Bowen R. Weir, Callide Dam, Cania Dam, Condamine R. at Jack Taylor Weir, Condamine R. at Chinchilla Weir, Burnett R. at Claude Wharton Weir, Coolmunda Dam, Crookes Dam, Pioneer R. at Dumbleton Weir, Pioneer R. at Mirani Weir, Eungella Dam, Fairbairn Dam, Glen Niven Dam, Glenlyon Dam, Kinchant Dam, Lake Clarendon, Lake MacDonald, Leslie Dam, Maroon Dam, Mary R. at Mary R. Barrage, Moogerah Dam, Moura offstream storage, Paradise Dam, Peter Faust Dam, Six Mile Ck at Bajool Weir, Teemburra Dam, Wuruma Dam, Wivenhoe Dam, Warrego R. at Allan Tannock Weir.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF5017D372ACA7" blockId="14.[136,1452,160,1157]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF5017D11AAD1F" bold="true" box="[189,358,592,617]" pageId="14">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EA955017D22BAD1F" box="[391,599,592,617]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="14">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Prospect Res., Cannon
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609E87B5017D3DEAD1F" box="[873,930,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
(1970), Bowen &amp; Smalls (1980), Lismore R.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EB9A5033D16EADFB" author="May, V." box="[136,274,628,653]" pageId="14" pagination="79 - 83" refId="ref59934" refString="May, V. (1970) New or interesting algal records from Australia. Contributions of the New South Wales National Herbarium 4: 79 - 83." type="journal article" year="1970">May (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, Braidwood Lagoon,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E91F5033D2EBADFB" author="May, V." box="[525,663,628,653]" pageId="14" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref59963" refString="May, V. (1972) Blue-green algal booms of Braidwood, New South Wales (Australia). Science Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, New South Wales 82: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1972">May (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, Lake Uranagong near Finlay,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E8EF5033D55FADFB" author="May, V. &amp; McBarron, E. J." box="[1021,1315,628,653]" pageId="14" pagination="164 - 266" refId="ref60092" refString="May, V. &amp; McBarron, E. J. (1973) Occurrence of the blue-green alga, Anabaena circinalis Rabenh., in new South Wales and toxicity to mice and honey bees. Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 39: 164 - 266." type="journal article" year="1973">May &amp; McBarron (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, Burrinjuck Dam,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EBDF50DFD128ADC7" author="May, V." box="[205,340,664,689]" pageId="14" pagination="295 - 313" refId="ref60000" refString="May, V. (1978) Areas of recurrence of toxic algae within Burrinjuck Dam, New South Wales, Australia. Telopea 1: 295 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.7751 / telopea 19783501" type="journal article" year="1978">May (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, Carcoar Dam, Glenbawn Dam,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E9D150DFD337ADC7" author="May, V." box="[707,843,664,689]" pageId="14" pagination="446 - 460" refId="ref60041" refString="May, V. (1981) Freshwater algae. In: Sainty, G. R. &amp; Jacobs, S. W. L. (Eds.) Waterplants of New South Wales. Water Resources Commission, New South Wales, pp. 446 - 460." type="book chapter" year="1981">May (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, River Murray at Torrumbarry and Euston,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EE2150DFD085ADA3" author="Sullivan, C. M. &amp; Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D." pageId="14" refId="ref62784" refString="Sullivan, C. M., Saunders, J. &amp; Welsh, D. (1988) Phytoplankton of the River Murray. Review of Monitoring 1980 - 1985. Water Quality Report No. 2. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra." type="book" year="1988">
Sullivan
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EE8550DFD0D9ADA3" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
(1988)
</bibRefCitation>
, Chaffey Dam, May (1989),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E95050FBD2A6ADA3" author="Baker, P. D." box="[578,730,700,725]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Toonumbar Dam near Lismore,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EF4350FBD496ADA3" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1105,1258,700,725]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Lake Cargelligo near Griffith,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EA3250A7D1CBAD8F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[288,439,736,761]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Namoi R. near Walgett,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E9DE50A7D31FAD8F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[716,867,736,761]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, Hawkesbury R. at Sackville,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EFA250A7D53BAD8F" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1200,1351,736,761]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EE4350A7D08FAC6B" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="14">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
: farm dams in south-west, Aplin (1983), Hyde Park, (
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E8585143D384AC6B" author="Lee, E. &amp; Ryan, U. M. &amp; Monis, P. &amp; McGregor, G. B. &amp; Bath, A. &amp; Gordon, C. &amp; Paparini, A." box="[842,1016,772,797]" pageId="14" pagination="248 - 261" refId="ref58967" refString="Lee, E., Ryan, U. M., Monis, P., McGregor, G. B., Bath, A., Gordon, C. &amp; Paparini, A. (2014) Polyphasic identification of cyanobacterial isolates from Australia. Water Research 59: 248 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. watres. 2014.04.023" type="journal article" year="2014">
Lee
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609E86E5143D3C9AC6B" box="[892,949,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EF195143D4C1AC6B" box="[1035,1213,772,797]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="14">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Gumeracha Weir, R. Torrens, South Para Res., Hope Valley Res., Little Para Res., Happy Valley Res., Myponga Res., Hindmarsh Valley Res., Strathalbyn Res., Warren Res.,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E90D510BD2C9AC13" author="Baker, P. D." box="[543,693,844,869]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609E9AD510BD362AC13" box="[703,798,844,869]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="14">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: Barkers Ck Res., Lake Cup Cup near Donald, Dock L. and Green L. near Horsham, Hepburn Lagoon near Ballarat, Hopetoun Res. near Warracknabeal, Kybram near Shepparton, Lance Ck Res. and Wonthaggi-Inverlock Res., Violet Town Res. near Benalla, Tallarook near Seymour,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EE0251D3D5DBACDB" author="Baker, P. D." box="[1296,1447,916,941]" pageId="14" refId="ref54410" refString="Baker, P. D. (1991) Identification of Common Noxious Cyanobacteria. Part I - Nostocales. In: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Report No. 29. 205 pp." type="book" year="1991">Baker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618142609EB9A51FFD120ACA7" box="[136,348,952,977]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="14">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: Kangaroo Ck,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609E91851FFD376ACA7" author="Humpage, A. &amp; Gaget, V. &amp; Lau, M. &amp; Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S." box="[522,778,952,977]" pageId="14" refId="ref57565" refString="Humpage, A., Gaget, V., Lau, M., Froscio, S. &amp; Laingam, S. (2013) CyanoSurvey: a national update on toxic cyanobacteria and their distribution. Final Report Project 1022, Water Research Australia Limited, Adelaide." type="journal volume" year="2013">
Humpage
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609E96F51FFD2CAACA7" box="[637,694,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418142609EBAF519BD37CABF3" blockId="14.[136,1452,160,1157]" pageId="14">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EBAF519BD120AC83" bold="true" box="[189,348,988,1013]" pageId="14">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan species; known from every Australian state where it is a common bloom forming species in lakes, reservoirs, and farm dams. Australian populations can produce paralytic shellfish poisons (Humpage
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618142609EB9A5663D0B8AB4B" box="[136,196,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="14">et al.</emphasis>
1994), and taste and odour compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518142609EF365663D55DAB4B" author="Hayes, K. P. &amp; Burch, M. D." box="[1060,1313,1060,1085]" pageId="14" pagination="115 - 121" refId="ref56918" refString="Hayes, K. P. &amp; Burch, M. D. (1989) Odorous compounds associated with algal blooms in South Australian waters. Water Research 23 (1): 115 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0043 - 1354 (89) 90069 - 9" type="journal article" year="1989">Hayes &amp; Burch 1989</bibRefCitation>
). It was the dominant species in a major bloom in the Barwon-Darling River in
<date id="9773106418142609E883560FD48BAB17" box="[913,1271,1096,1121]" pageId="14" value="1991-11" valueMax="1991-12-31" valueMin="1991-11-00">November and December 1991</date>
, which affected almost
<quantity id="24359B4118142609EBC8562BD141ABF3" box="[218,317,1132,1157]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" unit="km" value="1000.0">1000 km</quantity>
of the system (
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).
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Filamentous, thallose; composed of solitary branched filaments which
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or mats on the substratum, or amongst other algae. Filaments free or densely coiled, creeping on the substratum, or joined to the substratum by middle parts and free ends of branches, sparsely or commonly falsely branched, usually with two, rarely one, branches. Branching initiates after trichome dissociation through the formation of necridic cells, rarely after loop-formation, not at heterocytes. Trichomes isopolar, ends of young trichomes and branches cylindrical with rounded terminal cells, later distinctly narrowed, sometimes with elongated, cylindrical, vacuolated apical and subapical cells; trichomes constricted or unconstricted at the cross walls. Sheaths firm, limited, hyaline or parallel lamellated, often yellowish-brown in colour in mature filaments. Vegetative cells shorter or longer than wide, pale or olive-green, rarely pinkish or bright blue-green, often elongated and vacuolated towards the ends, without aerotopes. Heterocytes intercalary, usually solitary, cylindrical or barrel-shaped, of different length. Cells divide crosswise to the trichome axis. Reproduction by hormogonia, which separate from the filament through the formation of necridic cells, liberated from the sheath, germinating at both ends.
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A worldwide genus with 15 species currently taxonomically accepted; most are periphytic or metaphytic. Here one species is described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418282635E981566FD281AB37" box="[659,765,1064,1089]" name="Australia" pageId="50">Australia</collectingCountry>
; one other species is known from elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418282635EE2C566FD5D4AB37" box="[1342,1448,1064,1089]" name="Australia" pageId="50">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518282635EA38560BD20BAB13" author="Vaccarino, M. A. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[298,631,1100,1125]" pageId="50" pagination="149 - 161" refId="ref62911" refString="Vaccarino, M. A. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2011) Scytonematopsis contorta sp. nov. (Nostocales), a new species from the Hawaiian Islands. Fottea 11 (1): 149 - 161." type="journal article" year="2011">Vaccarino &amp; Johansen (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013).
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Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 62)
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Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1887: 77)
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<paragraph id="E37236A418292634EB9A5325D4B5ADC9" blockId="51.[136,1452,354,883]" pageId="51">Thallus woolly or crusty, filamentous, solitary or forming cushion-like clumps or tufty colonies, with true branching. Trichomes bi- or multiseriate, uniseriate in young trichomes and at ends of branches, sometimes very thick, irregularly laterally true branched with T- and V-type branching, irregularly coiled, sometimes narrowed towards the ends, apical cell sometimes larger than adjacent cells. Sheaths thin or thick, often wide, lamellated and usually yellowish-brown in colour. Vegetative cells globose, barrel-shaped or roundly irregular, usually connected to each other by a pit connection, which may not be apparent in mature trichomes; cell content blue-green or olive-green, usually with prominent solitary granules. Heterocytes intercalary, solitary, rarely lateral. Akinetes not known. Cells divide in all planes, but crosswise fission is the most common form of division. Meristematic zones may occur in some trichome sections, in which hormogonia arise. Reproduction by hormogonia, which liberate from the ends of trichomes and branches, morphologically different from trichomes; hormogonia vary from two- to many-celled.</paragraph>
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A world-wide genus with 66 species currently taxonomically accepted; most are aerophytic or subaerophytic, growing on the bark of trees or wet rocks; a few species are aquatic growing periphytically or epiphytically on the substrate or amongst aquatic plants. Here three species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418292634EF775155D4B3AC5D" box="[1125,1231,786,811]" name="Australia" pageId="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
; a further species is known from elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418292634EABB5171D26FAC39" box="[425,531,822,847]" name="Australia" pageId="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518292634E9D25171D393AC39" author="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J." box="[704,1007,822,847]" pageId="51" pagination="573 - 599" refId="ref62231" refString="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J. (2001) Non-marine algae of Australia: 1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria). Telopea 9 (3): 573 - 599." type="journal article" year="2001">Skinner &amp; Entwisle (2001)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518292634E8E95171D544AC39" author="Gugger, M. F. &amp; Hoffmann, L." box="[1019,1336,822,847]" pageId="51" pagination="349 - 357" refId="ref56387" refString="Gugger, M. F. &amp; Hoffmann, L. (2004) Polyphyly of true branching cyanobacteria (Stigonematales). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 (2): 349 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1099 / ijs. 0.02744 - 0" type="journal article" year="2004">Gugger &amp; Hoffmann (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518292634EBF3511DD197AC05" author="Sant'Anna, C. L. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Hentschke, G. S. &amp; Komarek, J." box="[225,491,858,883]" pageId="51" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref61688" refString="Sant'Anna, C. L., Kastovsky, J., Hentschke, G. S. &amp; Komarek, J. (2013) Phenotypic studies on terrestrial stigonematacean cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Rainforest, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Phytotaxa 89 (1): 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 89.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Sant’Anna
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EA4D511DD1E4AC05" box="[351,408,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518292634EAE5511DD28EAC05" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[503,754,858,883]" pageId="51" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634E974511DD2E3AC05" box="[614,671,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518292634E9EC511DD3A4AC05" author="Mares, J. &amp; Lara, Y. &amp; Dadakova, I. &amp; Hauer, T. &amp; Uher, B. &amp; Wilmotte, A. &amp; Kastovsky, J." box="[766,984,858,883]" pageId="51" pagination="288 - 297" refId="ref59855" refString="Mares, J., Lara, Y., Dadakova, I., Hauer, T., Uher, B., Wilmotte, A. &amp; Kastovsky, J. (2015) Phylogenetic analysis of cultivation-resistant terrestrial cyanobacteria with massive sheaths (Stigonema spp. and Petalonema alatum, Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) using single-cell and filament sequencing of environmental samples. Journal of Phycology 51 (2): 288 - 297." type="journal article" year="2015">
Mareš
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634E859511DD3FFAC05" box="[843,899,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
.
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Filaments growing freely amongst other algae, not attached to the substrate.......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718292634EE4251DAD14EACB9" authority="Filaments" authorityName="Filaments" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Stigonemataceae" genus="Stigonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="51" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="eliskae">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EE4251DAD5D7ACC4" box="[1360,1451,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="51">S. eliskae</emphasis>
Filaments
</taxonomicName>
attached to the substrate.....................................................................................................................................................2 Filaments 35–75 μm in diameter, erect, fasciculate ............................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EE5A5190D5D7AC9A" box="[1352,1451,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="51">S. informe</emphasis>
Filaments
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18–35 (–50) μm broad, irregularly branched...................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EE2651B4D5D7AB7E" box="[1332,1451,1011,1032]" italics="true" pageId="51">S. ocellatum</emphasis>
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70
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Komárek &amp; Komárková (2017: 24)
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<paragraph id="E37236A418292634EB9A56C6D511AA5C" blockId="51.[136,1452,1153,1466]" pageId="51">Filaments solitary or in loose agglomerations amongst other algae, not forming sessile colonies; isopolar, uni- to 3–4 × multiseriate, 20–35 (–45) μm broad, rarely laterally branched, branches typically short and of the same morphology as the main filaments. Sheath firm, uncoloured, not lamellated. Vegetative cells irregularly spherical, 7.5–15 (–18.5) μm in diameter, olive-green to yellow-brown in colour. Heterocytes lateral, subspherical to hemispherical, 5–15 μm in diameter. Reproduction by fragmentation and the production of hormogonia from the apices of lateral branches.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EBAF5772D1C9AA38" bold="true" box="[189,437,1333,1358]" pageId="51">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Amity Swamp, Tortoise Lagoon, Naree Budjong Djara Natl Park, North Stradbroke Is., Freshwater L., Great Sandy Natl Park, Cooloola Section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418292634EBAF573AD55EAACC" blockId="51.[136,1452,1153,1466]" pageId="51">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EBAF573AD120AAE0" bold="true" box="[189,348,1405,1430]" pageId="51">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing amongst the
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634E96A573AD35CAAE0" box="[632,800,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="51">Hapalosiphon-</emphasis>
dominated metaphyton in the littoral zone of wallum lakes and streams. Not known to
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mats or attached to the substrate (Komárek &amp; Komárková 2017).
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718292634EB9A57AED344A974" ID-CoL="52NNY" authority="Kutzing ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 75)" authorityName="Kutzing ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1886" box="[136,824,1513,1538]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Stigonemataceae" genus="Stigonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="51" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="informe">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EB9A57AED11AA974" bold="true" box="[136,358,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="51">Stigonema informe</emphasis>
Kützing ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 75)
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<paragraph id="E37236A418292634EB9A5476D3C5A9AC" blockId="51.[136,1452,1585,2042]" pageId="51">Thallus short, tufted, expanded and crusty, dark olive-green to brown in colour. Filaments multiseriate or uniseriate, 35–75 μm in diameter, erect, fasciculate; sheath firm, gelatinous, lamellated, uncoloured to yellow-brown in colour. Trichomes 4–6 times multiseriate in the main branches, less so in lateral branches. Vegetative cells compressed globose, or subquadrate, 9–15 (–18) μm in diameter. Heterocytes common, lateral, similar size to vegetative cells. Hormogonia uniseriate, developing at the ends of narrow branches, up to 18 μm wide.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EBAF54A2D1C9A988" bold="true" box="[189,437,1765,1790]" pageId="51">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Coomera R. at Lamington Natl Park, Binna Burra Section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418292634EBAF554ED126A8C4" blockId="51.[136,1452,1585,2042]" pageId="51">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EBAF554ED119A854" bold="true" box="[189,357,1801,1826]" pageId="51">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618292634EA95554ED26EA854" box="[391,530,1801,1826]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="51">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: Tributary of Sanamore Lagoon, Cape York, A.B. Cribb, 1985, (BRI 1043.3), Hermit Ck, near Benthams Falls, E.A. Brown, 2001 (NSW 884756),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518292634E880556AD43BA830" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[914,1095,1837,1862]" pageId="51" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618292634EF41556AD563A830" box="[1107,1311,1837,1862]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="51">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Lord Howe Is., Brown 2000, Conn &amp; Downs, 2000, McCarrs Ck, Kur Ring-Gai Chase Natl Park, Entwisle, 2000, Adeline Falls, Lawson, Blue Mountains, Entwisle, 2001, (NSW 491960);
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618292634E8325532D3F3A8F8" box="[800,911,1909,1934]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="51">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
: Uno Gully, Meetus Falls Road, Entwisle, 1996, (MEL 2033635A).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634EBAF55FAD120A8A0" bold="true" box="[189,348,1981,2006]" pageId="51">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing amongst
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718292634E94755FAD2B2A8A0" authorityName="Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault. All" authorityYear="1886" box="[597,718,1981,2006]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="51" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618292634E94755FAD2B2A8A0" box="[597,718,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="51">Scytonema</emphasis>
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and other filamentous cyanobacteria on granitic boulders in the splash zone of clear high-altitude streams.
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182A2637EB9A5444D237A96A" ID-CoL="4W6WN" authority="Bornet (1889: 155)" authorityName="Bornet" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1889" box="[136,587,1539,1564]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="48" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EB9A5444D111A96A" bold="true" box="[136,365,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="48">Scytonema mirabile</emphasis>
Bornet (1889: 155)
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<paragraph id="E37236A4182A2637EB9A540DD46DA840" blockId="48.[136,1452,1610,2092]" pageId="48">Thallus a felt-like blackish-green mat; filaments straight or variously flexuous, 10.5–21.0 μm broad, with solitary or geminate false-branching; sheaths wide, colourless to yellow or yellowish-brown in colour, with parallel layers. Trichomes cylindrical, widened towards the ends, towards the centre of the trichome not or slightly constricted at the cross walls, distinctly constricted towards the trichome apices. Vegetative cells isodiametric to cylindrical, 6.5–16.0 μm long × 6.3–10.5 μm broad, blue-green to olive-green in colour; apical cells widened, barrel-shaped, distinctly constricted at the cross walls, sometimes vacuolated, end cell hemispherical rounded, up to 16 μm wide. Heterocytes intercalary, isodiametric to cylindrical, 13.0–22.5 μm long × 8.1–10.7 μm broad.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EBAF5507D1C9A82F" bold="true" box="[189,437,1856,1881]" pageId="48">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Wallaby Ck at Talaroo, Einasleigh R. at Talaroo.
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<paragraph id="E37236A4182A2637EBAF5524D1B2A75A" blockId="48.[136,1452,1610,2092]" pageId="48">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EBAF5524D117A80A" bold="true" box="[189,363,1891,1916]" pageId="48">Other records</emphasis>
:—
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:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55182A2637E9345524D31BA80A" author="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J." box="[550,871,1891,1916]" pageId="48" pagination="573 - 599" refId="ref62231" refString="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J. (2001) Non-marine algae of Australia: 1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria). Telopea 9 (3): 573 - 599." type="journal article" year="2001">Skinner &amp; Entwisle (2001)</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectingRegion id="2109F846182A2637E86A5524D432A80A" box="[888,1102,1891,1916]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="48">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Adeline Falls, Lawson, Blue Mountains, S. Skinner &amp; T.J. Entwisle, 2001 (NSW 627141), Swamp on road to Barokee Rest Area, Cathedral Rock Natl Park, Skinner, 2000 (NSW), Woronora R., Eckersley Ford,
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below Woronora Dam, Entwisle, 1999 (NSW), Mill Ck,
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E of Wisemans Ferry, Entwisle, 2000 (NSW), Playfair (1912),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55182A2637E8F8558AD4EBA890" author="Playfair, G. I." box="[1002,1175,1997,2022]" pageId="48" pagination="219 - 262" refId="ref61332" refString="Playfair, G. I. (1917) Census of New South Wales freshwater algae. In: Maiden, J. H. &amp; Betche, E. (Eds.) A Census of New South Wales Plants, Suppl. 1: 219 - 262." type="journal article" year="1917">Playfair (1917)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846182A2637EFB0558AD57DA890" box="[1186,1281,1997,2022]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="48">Victoria</collectingRegion>
: River into Old R,
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W of Mt Castor, South West Natl Park, Entwisle, 1996 (MEL);
<collectingRegion id="2109F846182A2637E88E55B7D412A77F" box="[924,1134,2032,2057]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="48">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: Wangi Falls, Litchfield Natl Park, Entwisle, 1997 (MEL).
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EBAF52D8D120AFCE" bold="true" box="[189,348,159,184]" pageId="49">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing amongst the metaphyton amongst aquatic plants in the littoral zone and in shallow offstream waterholes in tropical rivers.
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</treatment>
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70
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EB9A567BD11AAB23" bold="true" box="[136,358,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="48">Scytonema coactile</emphasis>
Montagne ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 90)
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Thallus caespitose, woolly, often forming irregularly spherical colonies
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in diameter, dark blue-green to olive-green in colour. Filaments 16–24 μm wide, with geminate false-branching, branches generally the same diameter as the main filament. Sheaths firm, colourless or yellowish, often lamellated. Trichomes cylindrical, ± constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells isodiametric or longer or shorter than broad, 3.5–7.5 (–13.5) μm long × 8.0–11.0 (– 13.5) μm wide; cells in the apical regions shorter than broad, 3.8–4.8 μm long × 11–12 μm wide, apical cells rounded. Heterocytes solitary, cylindrical, isodiametric or longer or shorter than broad, 6.4–10.5 (–19) μm long × 9.0–12.0 (–15) μm broad.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EBAF573DD1C9AAE5" bold="true" box="[189,437,1402,1427]" pageId="48">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Blue L., Eighteen Mile Swamp, Naree Budjong Djara Natl Park, North Stradbroke Is.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EBAF57DAD120AAC0" bold="true" box="[189,348,1437,1462]" pageId="48">Observations</emphasis>
:—Metaphytic or attached to emergent sedges in the littoral zone of oligotrophic coastal wallum lakes and wetlands.
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182B2636EB9A50D0D23DADC6" authority="Mobius (1892: 448)" authorityName="Mobius" authorityPageNumber="448" authorityYear="1892" box="[136,577,663,688]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="49" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="subtile">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EB9A50D0D125ADC6" bold="true" box="[136,345,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="49">Scytonema subtile</emphasis>
Möbius (1892: 448)
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A21182B2636E9FA50D0D341ADC6" box="[744,829,663,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="152.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 78. A–F Scytonema subtile. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="49">78 A–F</figureCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="E37236A4182B2636EB9A5098D432ACA6" blockId="49.[136,1452,735,1264]" pageId="49">Filaments solitary amongst other algae, or forming small unstructured clusters, 14–17 (–21) μm wide, with geminate false-branching; branches narrowed at the base, widened towards the ends. Sheath wide, initially colourless, and later yellow to brown in colour, parallely lamellated. Trichomes cylindrical, narrowed in older parts not constricted at the cross walls, continually widened towards the ends and distinctly constricted. Vegetative cells long cylindrical in older parts of the filaments, 11.5–19.5 μm long × 1.8–5.0 (–6.5) μm wide, towards the ends shortened, isodiametric to shortly barrel-shaped, 3.5–5.5 μm long × (5.0–) 7.0–9.5 (–11.5) μm wide; apical cells widely rounded. Heterocytes ± spherical, barrel-shaped to cylindrical, 11.0–20.5 μm long × 6.0–7.5 (–12.0) μm wide.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EBAF519CD1C4AC82" bold="true" box="[189,440,987,1012]" pageId="49">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Blue L., Naree Budjong Djara Natl Park, North Stradbroke Is., Crystal Ck at Bypass Rd.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4182B2636EBAF5664D3A9ABDE" blockId="49.[136,1452,735,1264]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EBAF5664D11AAB4A" bold="true" box="[189,358,1059,1084]" pageId="49">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846182B2636EA955664D22AAB4A" box="[391,598,1059,1084]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="49">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Central
<collectingRegion id="2109F846182B2636E9A95664D283AB4A" box="[699,767,1059,1084]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="49">Coast</collectingRegion>
: McCarrs Ck, Ku-Ring-Gai Chase Natl Park, Entwisle, 2000 (NSW); Brisbane Waters Natl Park, Coveny, 2000 (NSW); Sydney International Rowing Course, Penrith Lakes, S. Skinner, 2000 (NSW); Gap Ck Falls, Olney S.F., Cherry, 2000 (NSW).
<collectingRegion id="2109F846182B2636E8AF562CD4EEABF2" box="[957,1170,1131,1156]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="49">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
: billabong
<quantity id="24359B41182B2636EE02562CD525ABF2" box="[1296,1369,1131,1156]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="49" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
SW of Bullita Outstation, Gregory Natl Park, C.A. Coles, 1996 (MEL 2277156A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4182B2636EBAF56F4D45EAB86" blockId="49.[136,1452,735,1264]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EBAF56F4D120ABBA" bold="true" box="[189,348,1203,1228]" pageId="49">Observations</emphasis>
:—Metaphytic or attached to submerged and emergent aquatic plants in the littoral zone of subtropical wallum lakes, acidic tropical streams and waterholes (Komárek 2013).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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76
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EB9A5758D1A8AA4E" bold="true" box="[136,468,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="49">Scytonema tolypothrichoides</emphasis>
Kützing ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 100)
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.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EBAF5424D1C9A90A" bold="true" box="[189,437,1635,1660]" pageId="49">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Maloney Springs
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4182B2636EBAF54C0D3F2A9D6" blockId="49.[136,1452,1383,1768]" box="[189,910,1671,1696]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EBAF54C0D119A9D6" bold="true" box="[189,357,1671,1696]" pageId="49">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846182B2636EA9554C0D26EA9D6" box="[391,530,1671,1696]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="49">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F846182B2636E95654C0D2B7A9D6" box="[580,715,1671,1696]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="49">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55182B2636E9C454C0D3F6A9D6" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[726,906,1671,1696]" pageId="49" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4182B2636EBAF54ECD08FA99E" blockId="49.[136,1452,1383,1768]" pageId="49">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182B2636EBAF54ECD120A9B2" bold="true" box="[189,348,1707,1732]" pageId="49">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing in small clusters amongst other algae in the shallows of tropical springs and shallow wetlands.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182C2631EB9A52B1D208AE79" ID-CoL="3S7P" authority="Borzi ex Geitler (1942: 154)" authorityName="Borzi ex Geitler" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1942" box="[136,628,246,271]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Coleodesmium" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="54" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182C2631EB9A52B1D152AE79" box="[136,302,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="54">Coleodesmium</emphasis>
Borzì ex Geitler (1942: 154)
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<typeStatus id="3C768806182C2631EB9A535BD0C7AE47" box="[136,187,284,305]" pageId="54">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182C2631EBD6535BD228AE47" authority="Borzi ex Geitler (1942: 356)" authorityName="Borzi ex Geitler" authorityPageNumber="356" authorityYear="1942" box="[196,596,284,305]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Coleodesmium" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="54" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="wrangelii">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182C2631EBD6535BD140AE47" box="[196,316,284,305]" italics="true" pageId="54">C. wrangelii</emphasis>
Borzì ex Geitler (1942: 356)
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<paragraph id="E37236A4182C2631EB9A5325D5E5ADED" blockId="54.[136,1452,354,811]" pageId="54">Filaments solitary or fasciculated, forming small irregular mats, shrub-like colonies or tufts on the substratum, heteropolar with obligatory false branching; branching typically initiated by trichome disintegration, lateral branches fan-like and remain parallel attached to the mother filament growing in a common sheath. Mucilaginous sheath colourless or yellow-brown in colour, often lamellated and containing 2–16 parallely arranged filaments which often have their own, laterally coalescent sheaths. Trichomes cylindrical, sometimes slightly narrowed at the base, constricted or unconstricted, constrictions usually more prevalent at the apical ends of the trichome. Vegetative cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, terminal cells often hyaline and pseudo-vacuolated. Heterocytes basal, hemispherical, oval, ovoid or cylindrical with rounded ends, typically solitary, less frequently in series of 2–3. Akinetes not known. Reproduction by trichome disintegration through the formation of necridic cells, and horomocyte production from the apical regions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4182C2631EBAF50E1D22FAC5D" blockId="54.[136,1452,354,811]" pageId="54">
Nine species described, most as epiphytes on aquatic plants or epilithic on boulders and stones in high altitude rivers and streams. Here one species is described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634182C2631E8A1508DD461AD95" box="[947,1053,714,739]" name="Australia" pageId="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
, one other species is known from elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634182C2631EA0850A9D1F8AC71" box="[282,388,750,775]" name="Australia" pageId="54">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55182C2631E92350A9D289AC71" author="Dutt, A. K. &amp; Datta, T. K. &amp; Gupta, K. K." box="[561,757,750,775]" pageId="54" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref55340" refString="Dutt, A. K., Datta, T. K. &amp; Gupta, K. K. (1982) Studies on high altitude saxicolous Cyanophyta. X. On the morphology of Coleodesmium wrangelii (Ag.) Borzi and Coleodesmiumopsis gen. nov. Cryptogamie Algologie 3 (3): 177 - 186." type="journal article" year="1982">
Dutt
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182C2631E97B50A9D2DDAC71" box="[617,673,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="54">et al.</emphasis>
(1982)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55182C2631E81250A9D431AC71" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Watanabe, M." box="[768,1101,750,775]" pageId="54" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref58406" refString="Komarek, J. &amp; Watanabe, M. (1990) Morphology and taxonomy of the genus Coleodesmium (Cyanophyceae / Cyanobacteria). Cryptogams of the Himalayas 2: 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1990">Komárek &amp; Watanabe (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55182C2631EF4A50A9D550AC71" author="Elster, J. &amp; Syobody, J. &amp; Komarek, J. &amp; Marvan, P." box="[1112,1324,750,775]" pageId="54" pagination="57 - 93" refId="ref55535" refString="Elster, J., Syobody, J., Komarek, J. &amp; Marvan, P. (1997) Algal and cyanoprocaryote communities in a glacial stream, Sverdrup Pass, 79 N, Central Ellesmere Island, Canada. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie-Supplement 119: 57 - 93." type="journal article" year="1997">
Elster
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182C2631EFB350A9D4A5AC71" box="[1185,1241,750,775]" italics="true" pageId="54">et al.</emphasis>
(1997)
</bibRefCitation>
, Skinner &amp; Entwistle (2001),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55182C2631EA405155D233AC5D" author="Flechtner, V. R. &amp; Boyer, S. L. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; DeNoble, M. L." box="[338,591,786,811]" pageId="54" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref56039" refString="Flechtner, V. R., Boyer, S. L., Johansen, J. R. &amp; DeNoble, M. L. (2002) Spirirestis rafaelensis gen. et sp. nov. (Cyanophyceae), a new cyanobacterial genus from arid soils. Nova Hedwigia 74 (1 - 2): 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2002">
Flechtner
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182C2631EAD05155D187AC5D" box="[450,507,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="54">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DEB9A5791D168AA99" box="[136,276,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="42">Microchaete</emphasis>
Thuret ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886)
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:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DEBD657BBD15CA967" box="[196,288,1532,1553]" italics="true" pageId="42">M. grisea</emphasis>
Thuret ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1887)
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Filaments uniseriate, heteropolar, solitary or in small irregular groups, straight or slightly flexuous; attached by the base or creeping along the substratum or unattached and growing freely amongst other algae. Sheaths cylindrical, ± slightly narrowed or widened towards the ends, thin, firm, and usually colourless and unlamellated. False-branching typically lacking, occasionally with tolypotrichoid
<typeStatus id="3C7688061830262DE9D254E9D28CA9B1" box="[704,752,1710,1735]" pageId="42">type</typeStatus>
false-branching. Trichomes cylindrical along the whole length or slightly attenuated towards the ends. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped to cylindrical, isodiametric or shorter or longer than broad, often shortened and rounded at the apex. Heterocytes basal, spherical to sub-spherical, less frequently intercalary. Akinetes known from a few species, solitary or in short rows adjacent to the trichome apex. Reproduction by the production of hormogonia or akinete germination.
</paragraph>
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As currently prescribed, the genus
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DE97B5525D289A80D" box="[617,757,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="42">Microchaete</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is polyphyletic (
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Hauer
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DEF0E5525D420A80D" box="[1052,1116,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="42">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Many species share morphological similarity with species from
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271830262DE99455C1D28DA8E9" authorityName="C. Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[646,753,1926,1951]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Calothrix" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="42" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DE99455C1D28DA8E9" box="[646,753,1926,1951]" italics="true" pageId="42">Calothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that do not have terminal hairs. Various morphotypes were observed from habitats across north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341830262DE96855EDD29DA8B5" box="[634,737,1962,1987]" name="Australia" pageId="42">Australia</collectingCountry>
which do not correspond to currently described species; due to the uncertainty about the genus, three have been given nominal designations here. Bibliography: Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551830262DEB9A55B5D11CA77D" author="Hauer, T. &amp; Bohunicka, M. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Berrendero Gomez, E." box="[136,352,2034,2059]" pageId="42" pagination="1089 - 1100" refId="ref56778" refString="Hauer, T., Bohunicka, M., Johansen, J. R., Mares, J. &amp; Berrendero Gomez, E. (2014) Reassessment of the cyanobacterial family Microchaetaceae and establishment of new families Tolypothrichaceae and Godleyaceae. Journal of Phycology 50 (6): 1089 - 1100. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jpy. 12241" type="journal article" year="2014">
Hauer
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DEBC155B5D170A77D" box="[211,268,2034,2059]" italics="true" pageId="42">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551830262DEA7955B5D21BA77D" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[363,615,2034,2059]" pageId="42" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DEAC855B5D26FA77D" box="[474,531,2034,2059]" italics="true" pageId="42">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
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<keyLead id="583C95911831262CEB9A52FBD0ECAFA7" box="[136,144,188,209]" pageId="43">-</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C95911831262CEB9A529ED0E6AF98" box="[136,154,217,238]" pageId="43">2.</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C95911831262CEB9A52B1D0ECAE7D" box="[136,144,246,267]" pageId="43">-</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C95911831262CEB9A5354D0E6AE5E" box="[136,154,275,296]" pageId="43">3.</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="E37236A41831262CEB9A5377D0ECAE33" blockId="43.[136,155,160,382]" box="[136,144,304,325]" pageId="43">
<keyLead id="583C95911831262CEB9A5377D0ECAE33" box="[136,144,304,325]" pageId="43">-</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C95911831262CEB9A530BD0E7AE17" box="[136,155,332,353]" pageId="43">4.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41831262CEB9A532ED0ECAE08" blockId="43.[136,155,160,382]" box="[136,144,361,382]" pageId="43">
<keyLead id="583C95911831262CEB9A532ED0ECAE08" box="[136,144,361,382]" pageId="43">-</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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</key>
<paragraph id="E37236A41831262CEBC152E7D5D7AE08" blockId="43.[211,1452,160,382]" pageId="43">
Filaments amongst other algae or attached to rocky substratum........................................................................................................2 Filaments epiphytic on filamentous algae or submerged vegetation..................................................................................................3 Vegetative cells 0.6–1.3 × longer than broad, 5.0–6.5 μm broad...........................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEE49529ED513AF98" box="[1371,1391,217,238]" italics="true" pageId="43">M</emphasis>
. sp. A Vegetative cells up to 1.6 × longer than broad, 3.8–5.6 μm broad.........................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEE4B52B1D511AE7D" box="[1369,1389,246,267]" italics="true" pageId="43">M</emphasis>
. sp. B Basal heterocytes &lt;6.8 μm broad ..........................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEE4B5354D509AE5E" box="[1369,1397,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="43">M.</emphasis>
sp. C Basal heterocytes&gt; 6.8 μm broad......................................................................................................................................................4 Trichomes 6.0–7.5 μm wide.................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271831262CEE5F530BD145AE08" ID-CoL="6RFPY" authority="Trichomes" authorityName="Trichomes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Microchaete" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="43" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="tenera">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEE5F530BD5D6AE17" box="[1357,1450,332,353]" italics="true" pageId="43">M. tenera</emphasis>
Trichomes
</taxonomicName>
7.7–10.4 μm wide....................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271831262CEE1F532ED5D7AE08" authorityName="Fremy" authorityYear="1930" box="[1293,1451,361,382]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Microchaetaceae" genus="Microchaete" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="43" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="investiens">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEE1F532ED555AE08" box="[1293,1321,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="43">M.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEE5E532ED5D7AE08" box="[1356,1451,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="43">investiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DEB9A53D1D0A0AED9" box="[136,220,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="42">Fortiea</emphasis>
DeToni (1936: 3)
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:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DEBD653FBD140AEA7" box="[196,316,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="42">F. caucasica</emphasis>
(Elenkin) De Toni (1936: 3)
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<paragraph id="E37236A41830262DEB9A5045D4C9AC4D" blockId="42.[136,1452,514,935]" pageId="42">Filamentous; heteropolar, differentiated into a basal part with a terminal heterocyte and free apical end, cylindrical, simple, solitary or in small groups; filaments usually creeping along the substratum or amongst the periphyton. Sheaths firm, always one per trichome, colourless, sometimes thickened and lamellated. Trichomes cylindrical or slightly widened at the base, narrowed in the middle part and clearly widened at the ends, constricted or unconstricted at the cross walls, but usually constricted at the ends. Vegetative cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, in the central parts of the trichome usually longer than wide, at the bases and at the apices isodiametric or shorter than wide; apical cells widely rounded or spherical. Akinetes, usually in rows and separated by heterocytes. Cell division crosswise, perpendicular to the long axes of trichomes; in old trichomes towards the apical meristematic zones. Trichomes dissociate at heterocytes. Reproduction by hormogonia, which separate from trichomes by necridic cells and by akinetes.</paragraph>
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Most of the 13 described species are periphytic, growing among other algae and aquatic plants. Known from the tropics and warmer regions of the temperate zone. Here one species is described from north-eastern
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Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551830262DEA3951C9D276ACD1" author="Desikachary, T. V." box="[299,522,910,935]" pageId="42" refId="ref55320" refString="Desikachary, T. V. (1959) Cyanophyta. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research." type="book" year="1959">Desikachary (1959)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551830262DE90451C9D31FACD1" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Watanabe, M." box="[534,867,910,935]" pageId="42" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref58441" refString="Komarek, J. &amp; Watanabe, M. (1998) Contribution to the attached cyanoprokaryotes from submersed biotopes in Sagarmatha National Park (Eastern Nepal). Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser. B. 24 (4): 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1998">Komárek &amp; Watanabe (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551830262DEF2551C9D538ACD1" author="Bohunicka, M. &amp; Pietrasiak, N. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; Berrendero Gomez, E. &amp; Hauer, T. &amp; Gaysina, L. A. &amp; Lukesova, A." box="[1079,1348,910,935]" pageId="42" pagination="84 - 103" refId="ref54560" refString="Bohunicka, M., Pietrasiak, N., Johansen, J. R., Berrendero Gomez, E., Hauer, T., Gaysina, L. A. &amp; Lukesova, A. (2015) Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) - a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae. Phytotaxa 197 (2): 84 - 103." type="journal article" year="2015">
Bohunická
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61830262DEFA551C9D493ACD1" box="[1207,1263,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="42">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
.
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Thuret ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 84)
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEBAF56E4D1D1ABCA" bold="true" box="[189,429,1187,1212]" pageId="43">Specimens observed</emphasis>
:—Fat Hen Ck at Kilkivan.
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<paragraph id="E37236A41831262CEBAF5680D4F6AA72" blockId="43.[136,1452,970,1355]" pageId="43">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEBAF5680D11AAB96" bold="true" box="[189,358,1223,1248]" pageId="43">Other records</emphasis>
:—
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;
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<collectingRegion id="2109F8461831262CE8895680D414AB96" box="[923,1128,1223,1248]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="43">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
:
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on the
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side of
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at
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, 2002 (
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:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551831262CE8C956ACD4F9AA72" author="Darling, R. B." box="[987,1157,1259,1284]" pageId="43" refId="ref55190" refString="Darling, R. B. (1982) A Floristic Survey of the Algae Inhabiting a Sphagnum Bog at Lake Mountain, Victoria. BSc (Hons) Thesis, Botany Dept., University of Melbourne, Melbourne." type="book" year="1982">Darling (1982)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEBAF5748D120AA5E" bold="true" box="[189,348,1295,1320]" pageId="43">Observations</emphasis>
:—Epiphytic, growing attached to filaments of
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CE8965749D398AA51" box="[900,996,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="43">Lyngbya</emphasis>
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and intermixed with other filamentous algae and aquatic vegetation, in the shallows of a small subtropical stream.
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.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEBAF5088D1D1AD9E" bold="true" box="[189,429,719,744]" pageId="43">Specimens observed</emphasis>
:—Little Yabba Ck, Maleny Kenilworth Rd Crossing.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEBAF50B4D120AC7A" bold="true" box="[189,348,755,780]" pageId="43">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing attached to filaments of
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and
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CE8FE50B5D419AC7D" box="[1004,1125,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="43">Scytonema</emphasis>
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in the littoral zone of a small, coastal stream.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61831262CEA245151D1B5AC59" box="[310,457,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="43">M. investiens</emphasis>
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was slighty wider than previously reported for this species.
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Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 364)
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:—Rainbow Beach Fens, Great Sandy Natl Park, Cooloola Section, Amity Swamp, North Stradbroke Is.
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.
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:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61833262EEBD656FBD13FABA7" box="[196,323,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="41">C. lahorensis</emphasis>
(S.L.Ghose)
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551833262EEAD756FBD2D4ABA7" author="Desikachary, T. V." box="[453,680,1212,1233]" pageId="41" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref55288" refString="Desikachary, T. V. (1948) On Camptylonema indicum Schmidle and Camptylonemopsis gen. nov. Proceedings: Plant Sciences 28 (2): 35 - 50." type="journal article" year="1948">Desikachary (1948: 49)</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="E37236A41833262EEB9A5745D08FAAB9" blockId="41.[136,1452,1282,1595]" pageId="41">Filaments heteropolar, solitary or in small groups, bent, attached to the substrate by their basal parts, filament ends grow upwards forming U-shaped arrangements. Trichomes uniseriate, with cells generally widened towards the apices. Vegetative cells barrel-shaped, usually longer and narrower in the central parts of the trichome, shorted and wider at the ends; apical cells widely rounded. Heterocytes intercalary, generally towards the central regions of the trichome, spherical or barrel-shaped. Akinetes barrel-shaped to long-oval or cylindrical, arising in the central regions of the trichome.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41833262EEBAF579DD0A6A94D" blockId="41.[136,1452,1282,1595]" pageId="41">
Most of the 13 currently recognised species are known from tropical environments; here one species is described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341833262EEA7057B9D1B0A961" box="[354,460,1534,1559]" name="Australia" pageId="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551833262EE96E57B9D321A961" author="Desikachary, T. V." box="[636,861,1534,1559]" pageId="41" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref55288" refString="Desikachary, T. V. (1948) On Camptylonema indicum Schmidle and Camptylonemopsis gen. nov. Proceedings: Plant Sciences 28 (2): 35 - 50." type="journal article" year="1948">Desikachary (1948)</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2003), Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551833262EEE1357B9D0AAA94D" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." pageId="41" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61833262EEE6057B9D5D0A961" box="[1394,1452,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="41">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618342629EB9A57A5D1F4AA8D" bold="true" box="[136,392,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="46">Iningainema pulvinus</emphasis>
G.B. McGregor &amp; B.C. Sendall (2017: 17)
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,
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,
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.
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Filaments densely arranged, radiating from the centre of spherical to discoid, blue-green to olive-green colonies,
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in diameter. Filaments isopolar, uniseriate, cylindrical, straight or flexuous, 20–39 μm in diameter, main filament generally wider than the lateral filaments which gradually taper to a bluntly conical end; with single or geminate false-branching. Sheath firm, lamellated, uncoloured to yellowish or yellow-brown, closed at the apex. Vegetative cells isodiametric to shorter than broad, slightly constricted at the cross walls, 3.3–8.2 μm long × 18.0–27.5 μm wide in the main filament, 3.5–5.0 μm long × 4.2–12.0 μm wide in lateral branches, with granular contents. Heterocytes basal and intercalary, solitary, spherical to compressed-ovoid, 6.3–9.5 μm long × 11.0–19.0 μm wide. Akinetes absent.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618342629EBAF5561D1C9A849" bold="true" box="[189,437,1830,1855]" pageId="46">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Edgbaston Reserve.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618342629EBAF550DD120A815" bold="true" box="[189,348,1866,1891]" pageId="46">Observations</emphasis>
:—Morphologically,
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618342629E955550DD2A9A815" box="[583,725,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="46">Iningainema</emphasis>
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is most like
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Kiseleva
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and
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618342629EFAB550DD54EA815" box="[1209,1330,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="46">Scytonema</emphasis>
Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault.All
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three genera have isopolar filaments enveloped by a firm, often layered and coloured sheath; false branching is typically geminate, less commonly singly (
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Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618342629E86155D5D3D0A8DD" box="[883,940,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="46">et al.</emphasis>
2013
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). In
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and
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, filaments gradually narrow towards the apices. The false branching ontogeny in
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is distinctive. It initiates via trichome fragmentation through the formation of a necridic cell, however rather than forming a lateral protrusion at the site of fragmentation, the trichome continues parallel growth within the sheath for a short distance, often leading to trichome contortions and filament bulging, prior to lateral protrusion. Subsequently the filaments can be thickened or have a slight nodular appearance at the branching sites. This species is known to produce the hepatotoxin nodularin (McGregor &amp; Sendall 2017).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618352628EB9A530AD1B8AE11" bold="true" box="[136,452,333,359]" pageId="47">HETEROSCYTONEMA</emphasis>
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Filaments densely arranged to form blackish-green hemispherical caespitose mats beginning as small
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diameter circular tufts up to mats
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wide by several metres long. Filaments isopolar, cylindrical, straight or flexuous, 15.5– 40 μm in diameter, densely arranged and erect, often parallely fasciculate, up to
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long, with tolypotrichoid false-branching, rarely with scytonematoid false-branching. Vegetative cells short barrel-shaped or isodiametric, 0.5–1.2 × as long as wide, 7.2–16.9 μm long, 10.4–14.5 μm wide, slightly constricted at the cross walls, with granulated contents; terminal cells widely rounded. Sheath firm, relatively thick, lamellated, uncoloured to yellowish or yellow–brown in colour, cylindrical, closed at the apex. Heterocytes basal and intercalary, solitary, rarely up to 2(3) in series, developing particularly at the base of branches, spherical or ovoid, 7.5–16.5 μm in diameter, 9.0–24.6 μm long. Akinetes not observed. Reproduction by up to 12-celled hormogonia, often with terminal heterocytes, not constricted at cross-walls, separated by necridic cells.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618342629EBAF510BD1C9AC13" bold="true" box="[189,437,844,869]" pageId="46">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Talaroo thermal springs.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618342629EBAF5137D120ACFF" bold="true" box="[189,348,880,905]" pageId="46">Observations</emphasis>
:—A subaerophytic species known from a thermal spring complex in tropical, north-eastern
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. Observed growing along the crests of travertine minidams just above the thermal waters discharging from the springs (48.5–62.7
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Filaments densely arranged, radiating from the centre of irregularly spherical to discoid, blue-green to olive-green colonies. Filaments isopolar, uniseriate, cylindrical, straight or flexuous, main filament generally wider than the lateral filaments which gradually taper to a bluntly conical end; with single or geminate false-branching. Sheath firm, lamellated, uncoloured to yellowish or yellow-brown, closed at the apex. Vegetative cells isodiametric to shorter than broad, slightly constricted at the cross walls. Heterocytes basal and intercalary, solitary, spherical to compressed-ovoid. Akinetes absent. A monospecific genus, with one species known from a Great Artesian Basin spring complex in north-eastern
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Filamentous, solitary, or many together forming a caespitose, woolly thallus, olive-green to blackish green in colour. Filaments straight to variously flexuous,sometimes slightly coiled, cylindrical, with solitary or geminate false-branching, initiated following the formation of necridic cells; sheath firm, lamellated, with a smooth exterior surface, colourless or yellowish-brown in mature filaments. Trichomes isopolar, not or slightly constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells discoid to short barrel-shaped, blue-green in colour; apical cells widely rounded. Heterocytes intercalary, discoid to subspherical, single or up to two in series. Reproduction by hormogonia, which develop at the ends of branches and liberate from the sheaths. Akinetes absent. Bibliography:
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Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 85)
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<paragraph id="E37236A4182A2637EB9A52E7D1AFAD4A" blockId="48.[136,1452,160,713]" pageId="48">Filamentous, thallose; solitary branched filaments or forming mats on the substrate. Filaments free or in fascicles, sometimes densely coiled, prostrate or with erect branches, solitary or geminate falsely-branched. Branching initiates after trichome dissociation following the formation of necridic cells, typically between two adjacent heterocytes, usually not at heterocytes, loop-like lateral formations may occur after which the tops of the trichomes later divide. Trichomes isopolar, cylindrical, uniseriate, constricted at the cross walls; terminal parts of branches cylindrical or slightly widened, with rounded apical cell; middle parts of trichomes sometimes with elongated, cylindrical cells. Sheaths firm, limited, parallel or diverging, lamellated, usually yellow-brown, coloured by scytonemin, particularly in mature filaments. Cells pale or olive-green, usually with solitary, irregularly disposed granules or with granular content, rarely yellowish or pinkish coloured; apical cells sometimes vacuolate. Heterocytes intercalary, solitary, rarely in pairs, cylindrical or barrel-shaped. Akinetes not produced. Cells divide crosswise to the trichome axis, mainly in meristematic zones near the ends of branches. Reproduction by hormogonia, which develop at the ends of branches and liberate from the sheaths.</paragraph>
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A worldwide genus with 126 species currently taxonomically accepted; most are aerophytic, subaerophytic or metaphytic. Six species are described here from north-eastern
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, four other species are known from elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634182A2637EBB750CBD173ADD3" box="[165,271,652,677]" name="Australia" pageId="48">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
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, Komárek (2013a, 2013b),
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Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EF8F50CBD4ABADD3" box="[1181,1239,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="48">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
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,
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Trichomes of the same width along the entire length.........................................................................................................................2 Trichomes narrowed in the central parts, distinctly widened towards the ends.................................................................................5 Vegetative cells isodiametric or shorter or longer than broad............................................................................................................3 Vegetative cells always shorter or longer than broad.........................................................................................................................4 Vegetative cells 3.5–7.5 (–13.5) μm long × 8.0–11.0 (–13.5) μm wide..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182A2637EE555120D144ACEF" ID-CoL="4W6WC" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="48" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="coactile">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EE555120D5D7AC0A" box="[1351,1451,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="48">S. coactile</emphasis>
Vegetative
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cells 3.5–8.0 μm long × 4.0–6.5 μm wide..........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182A2637EFF951C3D144ACC0" ID-CoL="4W6WT" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="48" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="tolypothrichoides">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EFF951C3D5D7ACEF" box="[1259,1451,900,921]" italics="true" pageId="48">S. tolypothrichoides</emphasis>
Vegetative
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cells shorter than broad, 3.3–8.7 μm long × 7.1–9.3 μm wide..............................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182A2637EFEF51E6D144ACA5" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="48" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="sanpaulense">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EFEF51E6D56CACC0" box="[1277,1296,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="48">S.</emphasis>
cf.
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Vegetative
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cells longer than broad, 6.8–14.5 μm long × 7.9–10.5 μm wide............................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EE7151F9D513ACA5" box="[1379,1391,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="48">S</emphasis>
. sp. A Vegetative cells isodiametric to cylindrical, 6.5–16.0 μm long × 6.3–10.5 μm broad.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182A2637EE53519DD144AB7A" ID-CoL="4W6WN" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="48" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EE53519DD5D6AC99" box="[1345,1450,986,1007]" italics="true" pageId="48">S. mirabile</emphasis>
Vegetative
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cells isodiametric to shortly barrel-shaped, 3.5 –5.5 μm long × (5.0–) 7.0–9.5 (–11.5) μm wide......................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27182A2637EE4151B0D5D7AB7A" authorityName="Mobius" authorityYear="1892" box="[1363,1451,1015,1036]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Scytonemataceae" genus="Scytonema" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="48" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="subtile">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6182A2637EE4151B0D5D7AB7A" box="[1363,1451,1015,1036]" italics="true" pageId="48">S. subtile</emphasis>
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Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 345)
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Roth ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 347)
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<paragraph id="E37236A41836262BEB9A5185D57FAB8D" blockId="44.[136,1452,962,1419]" pageId="44">Filamentous; filaments heteropolar, differentiated into basal and apical parts, simple, joined into firm, hemispherical or spherical, later often vast, flat, macroscopic, irregular strata, several centimetres in diameter; strata layered, with densely agglomerated trichomes oriented by their bases with heterocytes to the substratum and the apical hair-like parts towards the surface of the colony. Strata gelatinous to leathery, sometimes intensely incrusted by calcium carbonate. Trichomes generally cylindrical, constricted or unconstricted at the cross walls, dividing at intercalary heterocytes. Apical hairs composed of narrow, long, hyaline cells. Sheaths firm, sometimes lamellated, yellow-brown or colourless. Aerotopes and akinetes not produced. Cell division perpendicular to the long axis of the trichome, later in meristematic zones. Reproduction by dissociation of trichomes within colonies and heterocytes and by the production of hormogonia which are liberated following the separation of the apical hair through the production of necridic cells.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A41836262BEBAF5741D214AAFD" blockId="44.[136,1452,962,1419]" pageId="44">
A world-wide genus with 49 species currently taxonomically accepted; most are periphytic or epiphytic. Here two species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341836262BE990576DD290AA35" box="[642,748,1322,1347]" name="Australia" pageId="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
; a further three species are known from elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="9BDA76341836262BEE2C576DD5D4AA35" box="[1342,1448,1322,1347]" name="Australia" pageId="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551836262BEA3C5709D23BAA11" author="Berrendero Gomez, E. &amp; Perona, E. &amp; Mateo, P." box="[302,583,1358,1383]" pageId="44" pagination="447 - 460" refId="ref54447" refString="Berrendero Gomez, E., Perona, E. &amp; Mateo, P. (2008) Genetic and morphological characterization of Rivularia and Calothrix (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from running water. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58 (2): 447 - 460." type="journal article" year="2008">
Berrendero
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61836262BEAA75709D18DAA11" box="[437,497,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="44">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551836262BE8315709D43BAA11" author="Whitton, B. A. &amp; Mateo, P." box="[803,1095,1358,1383]" pageId="44" pagination="561 - 591" refId="ref63275" refString="Whitton, B. A. &amp; Mateo, P. (2012) Rivulariaceae. In: Whitton, B. A. (Ed.) Ecology of Cyanobacteria II. Springer Netherlands, pp. 561 - 591. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 3855 - 3 _ 22" type="book chapter" year="2012">Whitton &amp; Mateo (2012)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551836262BEF445709D526AA11" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[1110,1370,1358,1383]" pageId="44" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61836262BEFDA5709D57FAA11" box="[1224,1283,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="44">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551836262BEE7A5709D11DAAFD" author="Leon-Tejera, H. P. &amp; Gonzalez-Resendiz, L. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; Segal-Kischinevsky, C. &amp; Escobar, V. &amp; Lois, L. A." pageId="44" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref59038" refString="Leon-Tejera, H. P., Gonzalez-Resendiz, L., Johansen, J. R., Segal-Kischinevsky, C., Escobar, V. &amp; Lois, L. A. (2016) Phylogenetic position reevaluation of Kyrtuthrix and description of a new species K. huatulcensis from Mexico´s Pacific coast. Phytotaxa 278 (1): 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2016">
León-Tejera
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61836262BEBC75735D171AAFD" box="[213,269,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="44">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B551836262BEA7E5735D218AAFD" author="Shalygin, S. &amp; Shalygina, R. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; Pietrasiak, N. &amp; Berrendero Gomez, E. &amp; Bohunicka, M. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Sheil, C. A." box="[364,612,1394,1419]" pageId="44" pagination="762 - 777" refId="ref62061" refString="Shalygin, S., Shalygina, R., Johansen, J. R., Pietrasiak, N., Berrendero Gomez, E., Bohunicka, M., Mares, J. &amp; Sheil, C. A. (2016) Cyanomargarita gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria): convergent evolution resulting in a cryptic genus. Journal of Phycology 53: 762 - 777. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jpy. 12542" type="journal article" year="2016">
Shalygin
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61836262BEAC55735D273AAFD" box="[471,527,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="44">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<key id="975C61951836262BEB9A57F2D0E6AABC" box="[136,154,1461,1482]" pageId="44">1.</key>
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<keyLead id="583C95911836262BEB9A5795D0ECAA91" box="[136,144,1490,1511]" pageId="44">-</keyLead>
Vegetative cells 5.0–9.8 μm long × 5.5–11.0 μm broad....................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61836262BEE2E57F2D5D7AABC" box="[1340,1451,1461,1482]" italics="true" pageId="44">R. aquatica</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells 8.0–19.0 μm long × 4.8–6.5 μm broad................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D271836262BEE365795D5D7AA91" authorityName="Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[1316,1451,1490,1511]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Rivularia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="44" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="beccariana">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61836262BEE365795D5D7AA91" box="[1316,1451,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="44">R. beccariana</emphasis>
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83
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De Wildeman (1897: 40)
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Colonies small, hemispherical to irregularly spherical,
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in diameter, without calcareous encrustations, olive-green to yellow-brown in colour; sheaths thin or thick, colourless, not striated, narrowed towards the ends, sometimes indistinct. Trichomes gradually attenuated towards the end, constricted at the cross walls, attenuated into a long hair at the trichome apex. Vegetative cells cylindrical or long barrel-shaped, isodiametric or longer or shorter than broad 5.0–9.8 μm long × 5.5–11.0 μm broad. Heterocytes spherical, solitary or rarely in pairs, 10.0–12.0 (–14.0) μm in diameter.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61836262BEBAF5570D1D1A826" bold="true" box="[189,429,1847,1872]" pageId="44">Specimens observed</emphasis>
:—Edgbaston Reserve.
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:—
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: Cattle Ck, Mackay-Eungella Rd,
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W of Gargett, T. Entwisle, 1993 (MEL).
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:—Growing on the substratum of shallow spring-fed wetlands, amongst colonies of
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Iningianema
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</emphasis>
; pantropical distribution (Komárek 2013).
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Filaments densely arranged to form blackish-green hemispherical caespitose mats. Filaments isopolar, cylindrical, straight or flexuous, densely arranged and erect, often parallely fasciculate, with tolypotrichoid false-branching, rarely with scytonematoid false-branching. Vegetative cells short barrel-shaped or isodiametric, 0.5–1.2 × as long as wide, slightly constricted at the cross walls, with granulated contents; terminal cells widely rounded. Sheath firm, relatively thick, lamellated, uncoloured to yellowish or yellow–brown in colour, cylindrical, closed at the apex. Heterocytes basal and intercalary, solitary, rarely up to 2(3) in series, developing particularly at the base of branches, spherical or ovoid. Akinetes not known. Reproduction by hormogonia, often with terminal heterocytes, not constricted at cross-walls, separated by necridic cells. A monospecific genus, with one species known from a thermal spring complex in tropical north-eastern
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<paragraph id="E37236A418382625EB9A575CD44AA946" blockId="34.[136,1452,1307,1728]" pageId="34">Filaments planktonic, solitary or in irregular clusters, or in fine macroscopic mats on the benthos; trichomes with symmetric or subsymmetric structure, composed of two subapical heterocytes and a third ± central heterocyte in mature trichomes; straight or irregularly coiled, with fine, colourless, diffluent mucilage, uniseriate, unbranched, ± cylindrical, constricted at the cross walls, sometimes narrowed towards ends with distinct central parts. Vegetative cells cylindrical to slightly barrel-shaped, ± isodiametric or distinctly longer than wide, with blue-green homogeneous contents, facultatively with aerotopes; apical cells rounded, conical, or narrowed and bluntly pointed. Heterocytes solitary, intercalary, cylindrical, usually wider than the vegetative cells. Akinetes widely oval, large, solitary, with smooth or sculptured exospore, rarely in pairs, always adjacent to outer heterocytes.</paragraph>
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A genus of four species, all known from tropical regions, which can be recognised by their distinctive large akinetes which are always adjacent to one side of intercalary heterocytes. This genus has yet to be evaluated by molecular methods. Here one species is described from north-eastern
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. Bibliography:
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Dwivedi
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618382625EBFD54E0D154A9B6" box="[239,296,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="34">et al.</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A2118392624E82A573DD3BBAAE5" box="[824,967,1402,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="122.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 48. A–D Nostoc commune. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="35">Fig. 48 A–D</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EB9A5785D114A9F9" blockId="35.[136,1452,1474,2075]" pageId="35">
Colonies macroscopic, gelatinous, irregularly spherical when immature, later irregularly flattened or wavy, up to
<quantity id="24359B4118392624EE7A5785D5D7AAAD" box="[1384,1451,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
in diameter, olive-green to yellow-green or brown in colour with firm periderm. Filaments flexuous, densely entangled, sheaths yellow-brown, sometimes lamellated. Vegetative cells shortly barrel-shaped to spherical, isodiametric or longer or shorter than wide, 3.0–5.5 (–7) μm long × 4.0–4.3 (–6) μm wide. Heterocytes subspherical, sometimes in series, both terminal and intercalary, 5.5–8.4 μm long × 5.0–8.0 μm wide. Akinetes 4–7 μm long × 5–6 μm wide with smooth colourless cell wall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18392623EBAF54DDD082AFAA" lastPageId="36" pageId="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EBAF54DDD311A9C5" blockId="35.[136,1452,1474,2075]" box="[189,877,1690,1715]" pageId="35">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EBAF54DDD1C9A9C5" bold="true" box="[189,437,1690,1715]" pageId="35">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Atkinson Dam, Mary R. at Gympie.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EBAF54F9D19AA76D" blockId="35.[136,1452,1474,2075]" pageId="35">
Other records:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618392624EA9254F9D274A9A1" box="[384,520,1726,1751]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="35">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: Marlong Ck at Marlong Caves, Mt Moffat, A.B.
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624EF4D54F9D495A9A1" author="Cribb, A. B." box="[1119,1257,1726,1751]" pageId="35" pagination="24 - 46" refId="ref55069" refString="Cribb, A. B. (1986) Some algae from Kroombit Tops, Queensland. Queensland Naturalist 27: 24 - 46." type="journal article" year="1986">Cribb, 1986</bibRefCitation>
(BRI 0701396), Surveyors Gully, Lake Broadwater, A.B.
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624E97154A5D297A98D" author="Cribb, A. B." box="[611,747,1762,1787]" pageId="35" pagination="24 - 46" refId="ref55069" refString="Cribb, A. B. (1986) Some algae from Kroombit Tops, Queensland. Queensland Naturalist 27: 24 - 46." type="journal article" year="1986">Cribb, 1986</bibRefCitation>
(BRI 0701397), Sundown Natl Park, A.B. Cribb, 1985 (BRI 0701398), Big Bend area of Burdekin R., A.B. Cribb, 1981 (BRI 0701400), Darluca near Landsborough, A.B. Cribb, 1975 (BRI 0701405), Mt Cordeaux, A.B. Cribb, 1951 (BRI 0701412), Scawfell Is., A.B. Cribb, 1994 (BRI 0715673), Cribb (1971),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624EA3D5509D1BAA811" author="Cribb, A. B." box="[303,454,1870,1895]" pageId="35" pagination="101 - 109" refId="ref55041" refString="Cribb, A. B. (1984) Some freshwater algae from the Burdekin River area, Queensland. Queensland Naturalist 24: 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="1984">Cribb (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618392624E9125509D2FBA811" box="[512,647,1870,1895]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="35">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624E9845509D332A811" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[662,846,1870,1895]" pageId="35" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618392624E84E5509D3C7A811" box="[860,955,1870,1895]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="35">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624E8DA5509D409A811" author="Darling, R. B." box="[968,1141,1870,1895]" pageId="35" refId="ref55190" refString="Darling, R. B. (1982) A Floristic Survey of the Algae Inhabiting a Sphagnum Bog at Lake Mountain, Victoria. BSc (Hons) Thesis, Botany Dept., University of Melbourne, Melbourne." type="book" year="1982">Darling (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, Watts (1887);
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618392624EE395509D0ACA8FD" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="35">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: cemetery, corner of Sydney Rd and Great Western Hwy, St Marys, S. Skinner, 2015 (NSW 848499), The Toll House, South Ck, Windsor, S. Skinner, 2015 (NSW 848501), White Gum Lookout, Coonamble, T.J. Entwisle, 2000 (NSW 627469),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624EA5055FDD1B6A8A5" author="May, V." box="[322,458,1978,2003]" pageId="35" pagination="79 - 83" refId="ref59934" refString="May, V. (1970) New or interesting algal records from Australia. Contributions of the New South Wales National Herbarium 4: 79 - 83." type="journal article" year="1970">May (1970)</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618392624EAC755FDD2FBA8A5" box="[469,647,1978,2003]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="35">South Australia</collectingRegion>
: Mt Lofty, J.B. Cleland, 1922 (AD 54527).
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618392624EF6255FDD540A8A5" box="[1136,1340,1978,2003]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="35">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
: Northern end of Lake Coogee, Beeliar Regional Park, C. Prideaux, 2013 (PERTH 8560862), Warren Beach, Northcliffe, B. Muir, 1972 (PERTH 7051980).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EBAF52D8D082AFAA" blockId="36.[136,1451,159,220]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF52D8D120AFCE" bold="true" box="[189,348,159,184]" pageId="36">Observations</emphasis>
:—Subaerophytic species, commonly found growing on edge of streams and wetlands on wet loamy substrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718392624EB9A53B1D2C5AD79" ID-CoL="64XT" authority="Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 181)" authorityName="Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1886" box="[136,697,502,527]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="35" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EB9A53B1D0ABAD79" bold="true" box="[136,215,502,527]" italics="true" pageId="35">Nostoc</emphasis>
Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 181)
</taxonomicName>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F18392624EB9A505BD3F6AB71" pageId="35" type="materials_examined">
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<typeStatus id="3C76880618392624EB9A505BD0C7AD47" box="[136,187,540,561]" pageId="35">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718392624EBD6505BD2A5AD47" authority="Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 203)" authorityName="Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="203" authorityYear="1888" box="[196,729,540,561]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="35" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="commune">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EBD6505BD140AD47" box="[196,316,540,561]" italics="true" pageId="35">N. commune</emphasis>
Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 203)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EB9A5025D49DAC01" blockId="35.[136,1453,610,1031]" pageId="35">Thallus micro- to macroscopic, gelatinous, amorphous, globose or irregularly lobed, smooth or warty on the surface, filamentous or forming flat gelatinous colonies, usually with a distinct and firm surface integument. Filaments within colonies irregularly coiled and loosely or densely agglomerated, sometimes more concentrated in the peripheral area of the colony; sheaths around trichomes present, but visible usually only in the periphery of colony or in young colonies, wide, fine mucilaginous, confluent with colonial mucilage, sometimes yellowish-brown. Trichomes isopolar, the same width along the entire length, apical cells not morphologically differentiated from other vegetative cells. Vegetative cells cylindrical, barrel-shaped to almost spherical. Heterocytes solitary or in series, terminal or intercalary. Akinetes develop apoheterocytically, oval, single or commonly in series, slightly larger than vegetative cells.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EBAF51C5D3F6AB71" blockId="35.[136,1453,610,1031]" pageId="35">
A widely distributed genus of 101 species known from the benthos of freshwater lakes and reservoirs, rivers and estuaries, and many terrestrial habitats. Here six species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418392624EF8251E1D486ACC9" box="[1168,1274,934,959]" name="Australia" pageId="35">Australia</collectingCountry>
; a further three species are known from elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418392624E953518DD2D7AC95" box="[577,683,970,995]" name="Australia" pageId="35">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624E84D518DD4E6AC95" author="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J." box="[863,1178,970,995]" pageId="35" pagination="573 - 599" refId="ref62231" refString="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J. (2001) Non-marine algae of Australia: 1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria). Telopea 9 (3): 573 - 599." type="journal article" year="2001">Skinner &amp; Entwisle (2001)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624EFBB518DD5DBAC95" author="Hrouzek, P. &amp; Lukesova, A. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Ventura, S." box="[1193,1447,970,995]" pageId="35" pagination="201 - 213" refId="ref57407" refString="Hrouzek, P., Lukesova, A., Mares, J. &amp; Ventura, S. (2013) Description of the cyanobacterial genus Desmonostoc gen. nov. including D. muscorum comb. nov. as a distinct, phylogenetically coherent taxon related to the genus Nostoc. Fottea 13 (2): 201 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
Hrouzek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EE06518DD52CAC95" box="[1300,1360,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624EA4251A9D237AB71" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[336,587,1006,1031]" pageId="35" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EAAD51A9D18BAB71" box="[447,503,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="35">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518392624E94551A9D3F9AB71" author="Joneson, S. &amp; O'Brien, H." box="[599,901,1006,1031]" pageId="35" pagination="371 - 381" refId="ref57811" refString="Joneson, S. &amp; O'Brien, H. (2017) A molecular investigation of free-living and lichenized Nostoc sp. and symbiotic lifestyle determination. The Bryologist 120 (4): 371 - 381." type="journal article" year="2017">Joneson &amp; O’Brien (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A5676D0E6AB30" box="[136,154,1073,1094]" pageId="35">1.</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A5609D0ECAB15" box="[136,144,1102,1123]" pageId="35">-</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A562CD0E6ABF6" box="[136,154,1131,1152]" pageId="35">2.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A56C0D0ECABEA" box="[136,144,1159,1180]" pageId="35">-</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A56E3D0E6ABCF" box="[136,154,1188,1209]" pageId="35">3.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A5686D0ECABA0" box="[136,144,1217,1238]" pageId="35">-</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A5699D0E7AB85" box="[136,155,1246,1267]" pageId="35">4.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EB9A56BCD0ECAA66" blockId="35.[136,155,1073,1353]" box="[136,144,1275,1296]" pageId="35">
<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A56BCD0ECAA66" box="[136,144,1275,1296]" pageId="35">-</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="58392E0118392624EB9A5750D0ECAA3F" pageId="35">
<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EB9A5750D0E6AA5A" blockId="35.[136,155,1073,1353]" box="[136,154,1303,1324]" pageId="35">
<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A5750D0E6AA5A" box="[136,154,1303,1324]" pageId="35">5.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EB9A5773D0ECAA3F" blockId="35.[136,155,1073,1353]" box="[136,144,1332,1353]" pageId="35">
<keyLead id="583C959118392624EB9A5773D0ECAA3F" box="[136,144,1332,1353]" pageId="35">-</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E37236A418392624EBC15676D5D7AA3F" blockId="35.[211,1452,1073,1353]" pageId="35">
Mature colonies typically macroscopic, spherical, flattened, or irregularly lobate............................................................................2 Mature colonies typically microscopic, spherical to irregularly spherical, amorphous.....................................................................4 Mature colonies thin, mucilaginous, amorphous..................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718392624EE5F562CD164ABEA" authority="Mature" authorityName="Mature" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="35" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="linckia">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EE5F562CD5D6ABF6" box="[1357,1450,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="35">N. linckia</emphasis>
Mature
</taxonomicName>
colonies spherical to irregularly lobate..................................................................................................................................3 Colonies initially spherical, when mature, irregularly flattened, on wetted soils ............................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718392624EE2156E3D154ABA0" ID-CoL="47RP8" authority="Colonies" authorityName="Colonies" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="35" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="commune">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EE2156E3D5D7ABCF" box="[1331,1451,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="35">N. commune</emphasis>
Colonies
</taxonomicName>
initially spherical, when mature irregularly lobate, in flowing streams.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718392624EE0F5686D144AB85" ID-CoL="47RPN" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="35" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="verrucosum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EE0F5686D5D6ABA0" box="[1309,1450,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="35">N. verrucosum</emphasis>
Vegetative
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cells cylindrical......................................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EE4D5699D513AB85" box="[1375,1391,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="35">N</emphasis>
. sp. A Vegetative cells barrel-shaped, isodiametric or longer than broad.....................................................................................................5 Vegetative cells 3.5–5.5 μm long × 4.1–4.8 μm wide, olive-green to yellow-brown in colour ..................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D2718392624EE0D5750D144AA3F" ID-CoL="47RPL" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="35" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="sphaericum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EE0D5750D5D7AA5A" box="[1311,1451,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="35">N. sphaericum</emphasis>
Vegetative
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cells 2.8–6.2 μm long × 2.8–3.6 μm wide, pinkish red in colour..........................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618392624EE4F5773D509AA3F" box="[1373,1397,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="35">N.</emphasis>
sp. B
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183A2627EBAF5143D1C9AC6B" bold="true" box="[189,437,772,797]" pageId="32">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Toogoom Lagoon, Northshore.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183A2627EBAF516FD120AC37" bold="true" box="[189,348,808,833]" pageId="32">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing amongst other algae and submerged aquatic plants in a shallow eutrophic urban lagoon.
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Filamentous planktonic or amongst other algae in fine mucilaginous masses; trichomes isopolar, uniserial, unbranched, solitary, without sheaths, straight or slightly flexuous, short (up to 80–120 μm long), distinctly constricted at the cross-walls. Cells spherical, barrel-shaped or slightly elongate. Heterocytes terminal, spherical, ovoid or slightly oval, intercalary. Akinetes solitary or in short rows, or in the centre of short trichomes in series, oval or oval-cylindrical, slightly distant from heterocytes. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183A2627E9BE54F5D317A9BD" author="Komarek, J." box="[684,875,1714,1739]" pageId="32" pagination="245 - 259" refId="ref58688" refString="Komarek, J. (2010) Recent changes (2008) in cyanobacteria taxonomy based on a combination of molecular background with phenotype and ecological consequences (genus and species concept). Hydrobiologia 639 (1): 245 - 259." type="journal article" year="2010">Komárek (2010)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183A2627E86A54F5D46BA9BD" author="Hindak, F." box="[888,1047,1714,1739]" pageId="32" pagination="107 - 116" refId="ref57100" refString="Hindak, F. (2000) Morphological variation of four planktic nostocalean cyanophytes - members of the genus Aphanizomenon or Anabaena? Hydrobiologia 438 (1 - 3): 107 - 116." type="journal article" year="2000">Hindák (2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183A2627EF3754F5D41DA9BD" author="Hindak, F." box="[1061,1121,1714,1739]" pageId="32" pagination="77 - 94" refId="ref57135" refString="Hindak, F. (2001) Thermal microorganisms from a hot spring on the coast of Lake Bogoria, Kenya. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 123: 77 - 94." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183A2627EF6454F5D54AA9BD" author="Cronberg, G." box="[1142,1334,1714,1739]" pageId="32" pagination="197 - 211" refId="ref55140" refString="Cronberg, G. (2003) New and interesting cyanoprokaryotes from temperate, brackish ponds and the Baltic Sea. Algological Studies 109 (1): 197 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 1864 - 1318 / 2003 / 0109 - 0197" type="journal article" year="2003">Cronberg (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183A2627EBF35491D1A0A999" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[225,476,1750,1775]" pageId="32" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183A2627EA425491D1F4A999" box="[336,392,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="32">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183A2627EAFA5491D298A999" author="Genuario, D. B. &amp; Sant'Anna, C. L. &amp; Melo, I. S." box="[488,740,1750,1775]" pageId="32" pagination="233 - 241" refId="ref56256" refString="Genuario, D. B., Sant'Anna, C. L. &amp; Melo, I. S. (2018) Elucidating the Cronbergia (Cyanobacteria) dilemma with the description of Cronbergia amazonensis sp. nov. isolated from Solimoes river (Amazonia, Brazil). Algal Research 29: 233 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. algal. 2017.11.034" type="journal article" year="2018">
Genuário
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183A2627E9455491D2F3A999" box="[599,655,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="32">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EB9A55DAD1BCA8C0" bold="true" box="[136,448,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="33">Cylindrospermum stagnale</emphasis>
(Kützing) ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 250)
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<figureCitation id="7BF62A21183B2626E8A855DAD440A8C0" box="[954,1084,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="117.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,191,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-12@117.[276,1312,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIGURE 43. A–C Aulosira laxa; D–H Aulosira sp. A; I–L Cylindrospermum stagnale. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="33">Fig. 43 I–L</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183B2625EB9A55A2D089AE77" blockId="33.[136,1452,2021,2082]" lastBlockId="34.[136,1452,160,473]" lastPageId="34" pageId="33">Thallus mucilaginous, flat, amorphous, blue-green to greyish green in colour. Trichomes flexuous, constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells isodiametric or up to 2 × longer than wide, 4.5–7.0 μm long × 3.5–5.0 μm broad, without aerotopes. Heterocytes elongate conical or ovoid, 7–16 μm long × 5–8 μm broad, adjacent to akinetes. Akinetes cylindrical to broadly oval, rounded at the ends, 20–45 μm long × 10–15 μm broad, with smooth reddish-brown exospore.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E37236A418382625EBAF534BD55BAE53" blockId="34.[136,1452,160,473]" box="[189,1319,268,293]" pageId="34">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618382625EBAF534BD1C9AE53" bold="true" box="[189,437,268,293]" pageId="34">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Babinda Ck at the Boulders, Soda Springs, Yabba Ck at Stirling’s Crossing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418382625EBAF5377D4CBAEE7" blockId="34.[136,1452,160,473]" pageId="34">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618382625EBAF5377D115AE3F" bold="true" box="[189,361,304,329]" pageId="34">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618382625EA985377D269AE3F" box="[394,533,304,329]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="34">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: Mt Crosby,
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618382625E9BC5377D349AE3F" box="[686,821,304,329]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="34">Queensland</collectingRegion>
, A.B. Cribb, 1963 (BRI 0700614);
<collectingRegion id="2109F84618382625EFC75377D5D4AE3F" box="[1237,1448,304,329]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="34">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Irrigation channel, Griffith-Leeton Rd, S.
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B5518382625E9705313D283AE1B" author="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J." box="[610,767,340,365]" pageId="34" pagination="573 - 599" refId="ref62231" refString="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J. (2001) Non-marine algae of Australia: 1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria). Telopea 9 (3): 573 - 599." type="journal article" year="2001">Skinner, 2001</bibRefCitation>
(NSW 627239), Deer Park R., Waterfall Way, Dorrigo-Ebor Rd, S. Skinner, 2000 (NSW 481099), Zoom Ck, N of Walcha, S. Skinner, 2000 (NSW 446041).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A418382625EBAF53DBD5EEAEAF" blockId="34.[136,1452,160,473]" pageId="34">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB618382625EBAF53DBD120AEC3" bold="true" box="[189,348,412,437]" pageId="34">Observations</emphasis>
:—Cosmopolitan species, growing amongst other algae, and attached to aquatic vegetation and woody debris (Komárek 2013); in northern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA763418382625E9635387D2A7AEAF" box="[625,731,448,473]" name="Australia" pageId="34">Australia</collectingCountry>
, more commonly encountered in cooler high-altitude streams.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EB9A53B1D124AD79" bold="true" box="[136,344,502,527]" italics="true" pageId="33">Cylindrospermum</emphasis>
Kützing ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 249)
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<typeStatus id="3C768806183B2626EB9A505BD0C7AD47" box="[136,187,540,561]" pageId="33">Type</typeStatus>
:
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EBD6505BD165AD47" box="[196,281,540,561]" italics="true" pageId="33">C. majus</emphasis>
Kützing ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1888: 252)
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Filaments forming a fine or compact, expanded mucilaginous mat on submerged substrates, straight, slightly curved or irregularly coiled, cylindrical along their entire length or slightly narrowed towards the middle, without sheaths, but with very fine, colourless, homogeneous, diffluent mucilage, symmetrical, constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells cylindrical, isodiametric or longer than wide, rarely barrel-shaped or almost spherical, without aerotopes, sometimes with dispersed granules and visible chromatoplasm, pale or bright blue-green. Heterocytes terminal, arising from apical cells, ovoid, oval or conical, developing at both ends of trichomes, rarely only at the one end. Akinetes develop adjacent to heterocytes, at both ends of the trichome, usually ovate, ellipsoidal or sub-cylindrical, solitary or up to
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series, sometimes with sculptured outer cell wall. Cells divide crosswise and grow into the original size before the next division. Without meristematic zones, all cells capable of dividing. Reproduction by trichome fragmentation into hormogonia and by akinete production.
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A widely distributed genus of 49 species known from freshwater lakes and streams and wetlands, growing in benthos, on aquatic plants and submerged woody and stony substrates. Here three species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634183B2626EBF35655D137AB5D" box="[225,331,1042,1067]" name="Australia" pageId="33">Australia</collectingCountry>
; a further eight species are known from elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634183B2626E8DA5655D44EAB5D" box="[968,1074,1042,1067]" name="Australia" pageId="33">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography: Komárek (1989),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183B2626EB9A5671D1C5AB39" author="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J." box="[136,441,1078,1103]" pageId="33" pagination="573 - 599" refId="ref62231" refString="Skinner, S. &amp; Entwisle, T. J. (2001) Non-marine algae of Australia: 1. Survey of colonial gelatinous blue-green macroalgae (Cyanobacteria). Telopea 9 (3): 573 - 599." type="journal article" year="2001">Skinner &amp; Entwisle (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183B2626E99E5671D3F4AB39" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[652,904,1078,1103]" pageId="33" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626E9EE5671D348AB39" box="[764,820,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="33">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183B2626E8815671D4F2AB39" author="Johansen, J. R. &amp; Bohunicka, M. &amp; Lukesova, A. &amp; Hrckova, K. &amp; Vaccarino, M. A. &amp; Chesarino, N. M." box="[915,1166,1078,1103]" pageId="33" pagination="187 - 202" refId="ref57725" refString="Johansen, J. R., Bohunicka, M., Lukesova, A., Hrckova, K., Vaccarino, M. A. &amp; Chesarino, N. M. (2014) Morphological and molecular characterization within 26 strains of the genus Cylindrospermum (Nostocaceae, Cyanobacteria), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Phycology 50 (1): 187 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jpy. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">
Johansen
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EF135671D445AB39" box="[1025,1081,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="33">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
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.
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<key id="975C6195183B2626EB9A563ED0E6ABF8" box="[136,154,1145,1166]" pageId="33">1.</key>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183B2626EB9A56D1D0ECABDD" box="[136,144,1174,1195]" pageId="33">-</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183B2626EB9A5688D0ECAB92" box="[136,144,1231,1252]" pageId="33">-</keyLead>
Filaments &lt;3.5 μm broad........................................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EE4D563ED509ABF8" box="[1375,1397,1145,1166]" italics="true" pageId="33">C.</emphasis>
sp. A Filaments&gt; 3.5 μm broad...................................................................................................................................................................2 Akinetes elliptical to broadly ovate.............................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183B2626EE0756F4D154AB92" ID-CoL="333YK" authority="Akinetes" authorityName="Akinetes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Cylindrospermum" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="33" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="licheniforme">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EE0756F4D5D6ABBE" box="[1301,1450,1203,1224]" italics="true" pageId="33">C. licheniforme</emphasis>
Akinetes
</taxonomicName>
cylindrical to cylindrical-oval, rounded at the ends ...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183B2626EE2F5688D5D6AB92" ID-CoL="333YT" authorityName="ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1888" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" box="[1341,1450,1231,1252]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Cylindrospermum" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="33" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="stagnale">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EE2F5688D5D6AB92" box="[1341,1450,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="33">C. stagnale</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EB9A5752D188AA58" bold="true" box="[136,500,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="33">Cylindrospermum licheniforme</emphasis>
Kützing ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 253)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A21183B2626E8C85752D41EAA58" box="[986,1122,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="118.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 44. A–F Cylindrospermum licheniforme. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="33">Fig. 44 A–F</figureCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="E37236A4183B2626EB9A571AD089A970" blockId="33.[136,1452,1373,1902]" pageId="33">Thallus mucilaginous, flat, amorphous, pale blue-green to brown in colour. Trichomes flexuous, constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells cylindrical barrel-shaped, isodiametric or slightly longer than wide, 4.5–7.0 μm long × 3.5–7.0 μm broad, without aerotopes. Heterocytes elongate conical or ovoid, 7–12 μm long × 7–8 μm broad, adjacent to akinetes. Akinetes elliptical to broadly ovate, 20–43 μm long × 10–14 μm broad, with smooth reddish-brown exospore.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EBAF5456D1CAA95C" bold="true" box="[189,438,1553,1578]" pageId="33">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Balonne R. at Weribone, Condamine R. at Cotswold, Condamine R. at Leslie Reserve, Condamine R. at Sunnyside, Condamine R. at Yarramalong, Coopers Ck Yorakah Waterhole at Tanbar, Culgoa R. at Woolerbilla, Little Yabba Ck at Maleny Kenilworth Rd Crossing, Narran R. at Dirrandandi-Hebel Rd, Thomson R. Waterloo Waterhole at Noonbah, Yabba Ck at Stirling’s Crossing, Wenlock R. at Moreton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183B2626EBAF54E6D441A9A8" blockId="33.[136,1452,1373,1902]" pageId="33">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EBAF54E6D119A9CC" bold="true" box="[189,357,1697,1722]" pageId="33">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183B2626EA9454E6D26DA9CC" box="[390,529,1697,1722]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="33">Queensland</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183B2626E90954E6D2CBA9CC" author="Bailey, F. M." box="[539,695,1697,1722]" pageId="33" refId="ref54284" refString="Bailey, F. M. (1895) Contributions to the Queensland Flora. Queensland Freshwater Algae. Bot. Bull., Dept. Agric., Queensland, No. 11." type="book" year="1895">Bailey (1895)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183B2626E9D154E6D323A9CC" author="Bailey, F. M." box="[707,863,1697,1722]" pageId="33" refId="ref54319" refString="Bailey, F. M. (1913) Algae. In: Bailey, F. M. Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants both Indigenous and Naturalised. Queensland Department of Agriculture, Brisbane, pp. 678 - 682, 792 - 832, 832." type="journal volume" year="1913">Bailey (1913)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183B2626E87854E6D461A9CC" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[874,1053,1697,1722]" pageId="33" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183B2626EF3A54E6D4AEA9CC" author="Mobius, M." box="[1064,1234,1697,1722]" pageId="33" pagination="310 - 350" refId="ref60795" refString="Mobius, M. (1895) Australische Susswasseralgen. II. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 18: 310 - 350." type="journal article" year="1895">Möbius (1895)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183B2626EFCF54E6D5D4A9CC" box="[1245,1448,1697,1722]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="33">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Paterson R., Pound Crossing Bridge, Singleton-Gresford Rd, Entwisle, 1991 (MEL).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EBAF54AED120A874" bold="true" box="[189,348,1769,1794]" pageId="33">Observations</emphasis>
:—Forming thin, unstructured mucilaginous mats on the substrate, or attached to submerged aquatic plants. Known from throughout temperate and subtropical areas. Komárek (2013) considers
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183B2626EFB7554AD529A850" authorityName="Kutzing ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[1189,1365,1805,1830]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Cylindrospermum" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="33" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="licheniforme">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EFB7554AD529A850" box="[1189,1365,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="33">C. licheniforme</emphasis>
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to be a temperate species and populations from tropical countries most likely to be
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183B2626E8C35576D43CA83C" box="[977,1088,1841,1866]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Cylindrospermum" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="33" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="goetzei">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626E8C35576D43CA83C" box="[977,1088,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="33">C. goetzei</emphasis>
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, a species which
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183B2626EE105576D5D7A83C" author="Playfair, G. I." box="[1282,1451,1841,1866]" pageId="33" pagination="497 - 543" refId="ref61382" refString="Playfair, G. I. (1918) New and rare freshwater algae. Proceedings of the Linnean Socity of New South Wales 43: 497 - 543." type="journal article" year="1918">Playfair (1918)</bibRefCitation>
described as intermingled with
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183B2626EAFA5512D21BA818" authorityName="ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1888" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" box="[488,615,1877,1902]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Cylindrospermum" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="33" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="stagnale">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183B2626EAFA5512D21BA818" box="[488,615,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="33">C. stagnale</emphasis>
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from Lismore,
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.
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85
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183C2621EB9A506BD10FAD33" bold="true" box="[136,371,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="38">Wollea bharadwajae</emphasis>
R.N.
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Thallus macroscopic, cylindrical club-shaped when young, when mature a cluster of erect, tentacular, tube-like projections containing many trichomes, ± divaricated and variously branched, up to
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long ×
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in diameter. Trichomes ± parallely arranged, straight or flexuous, clearly constricted at the cross walls, slightly narrowed towards the ends. Vegetative cells shortly barrel-shaped, 2.5–5.0 μm long × 3.5–5.0 μm broad; apical cells rounded and slightly conical. Heterocytes intercalary, spherical to barrel-shaped, 6.0–7.5 μm long × 5.8–7.0 μm broad. Akinetes spherical to sub-spherical, single or up to
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series, adjacent to the heterocytes, 10–13 μm long × 8–12 μm wide.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183C2621EBAF510BD1C8AC13" bold="true" box="[189,436,844,869]" pageId="38">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Balonne Minor R. near Miegunyah, Bokhara R. at Woolerbilla-Hebel Rd, Condamine R. at Chinchilla Weir, Narran R. at Dirrandandi-Hebel Rd.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183C2621EBAF51D3D26CAB6F" blockId="38.[136,1452,628,1049]" pageId="38">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183C2621EBAF51D3D120ACDB" bold="true" box="[189,348,916,941]" pageId="38">Observations</emphasis>
:—This species forms conspicuous, gelatinous, macroscopic colonies up to
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in diameter, on the substratum of riverine waterholes in south-western Queensland; due to their size and complex shape, these colonies may be mistaken for prostrate aquatic macrophytes. Originally described from the benthos of ponds and paddy fields in
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(
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620EB9A5031D29BADF9" ID-CoL="3FYV" authority="C. Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 345)" authorityName="C. Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="345" authorityYear="1886" box="[136,743,630,655]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Calothrix" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EB9A5031D08FADF9" box="[136,243,630,655]" italics="true" pageId="39">Calothrix</emphasis>
C.Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 345)
</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="3C768806183D2620EB9A50DBD0C7ADC7" box="[136,187,668,689]" pageId="39">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620EBD650DBD379ADC7" authority="C. Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 349)" authorityName="Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="349" authorityYear="1886" box="[196,773,668,689]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Calothrix" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="confervicola">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EBD650DBD124ADC7" box="[196,344,668,689]" italics="true" pageId="39">C. confervicola</emphasis>
C.Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 349)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183D2620EB9A50A5D5EDAB49" blockId="39.[136,1452,738,1339]" pageId="39">Filaments heteropolar, clearly differentiated into basal and apical parts, simple, solitary or in small groups, separated from one another, rarely occurring solitary, lateral false branches, generally oriented in the direction of the original growth. Trichomes with basal, spherical or hemispherical heterocytes, occasionally forming intercalary cylindrical heterocytes. Trichomes sometimes with widened basal parts, constricted or unconstricted at the cross walls, ending in a hair-like apical region composed from narrow, long, hyaline cells. Sheaths always present, usually firm, sometimes lamellated and yellow-brownish in colour or funnel-shaped widened at the ends. Vegetative cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped, aerotopes absent. Akinetes rarely in basal parts, however this has been reported in a few species. Cell division occurs perpendicularly to the long axis of trichomes. Trichomes dissociate at heterocytes and separately develop into new trichomes. Reproduction by motile hormogonia, which divide from the trichome, by the formation of necridic cells and liberate from the sheath after separation of the terminal hair; hormogonia of several species produce aerotopes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183D2620EBAF560DD4A1AA4D" blockId="39.[136,1452,738,1339]" pageId="39">
As currently prescribed, the genus
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620E92C560DD2D5AB15" authorityName="C. Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[574,681,1098,1123]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Calothrix" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620E92C560DD2D5AB15" box="[574,681,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="39">Calothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is polyphyletic. Several genera, that are morphologically similar, and can only be confidently distinguished on molecular criteria, have been recently separated (
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620EF875629D5D9ABF1" authority="Hauer et al." authorityName="Hauer" box="[1173,1445,1134,1159]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Leptobasaceae" genus="Calochaete" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EF875629D569ABF1" box="[1173,1301,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="39">Calochaete</emphasis>
Hauer
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE785629D5D9ABF1" box="[1386,1445,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="39">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620EB9A56D5D1BEABDD" authority="Bohunicka et al." authorityName="Bohunicka" box="[136,450,1170,1195]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Fortieaceae" genus="Roholtiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EB9A56D5D178ABDD" box="[136,260,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="39">Roholtiella</emphasis>
Bohunická
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EA9856D5D1BEABDD" box="[394,450,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="39">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EADD56D5D21EABDD" box="[463,610,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="39">Macrochaete</emphasis>
Berrendero Gómez
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620E85156D5D306ABDD" box="[835,890,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="39">et al.</emphasis>
); other future revisions are likely. Many
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620EE5256D5D5D7ABDD" authorityName="C. Agardh ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[1344,1451,1170,1195]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Calothrix" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE5256D5D5D7ABDD" box="[1344,1451,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="39">Calothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotypes were observed in collections from a variety of habitats throughout north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634183D2620EFC156F1D541ABB9" box="[1235,1341,1206,1231]" name="Australia" pageId="39">Australia</collectingCountry>
, however most were not able to be identified based soley on morphological criteria. Due to the uncertainty about the genus, four morphotypes have been given nominal designation here. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183D2620E8BD56B9D4BDAA61" author="Berrendero Gomez, E. &amp; Perona, E. &amp; Mateo, P." box="[943,1217,1278,1303]" pageId="39" pagination="447 - 460" refId="ref54447" refString="Berrendero Gomez, E., Perona, E. &amp; Mateo, P. (2008) Genetic and morphological characterization of Rivularia and Calothrix (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from running water. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58 (2): 447 - 460." type="journal article" year="2008">
Berrendero
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EF2656B9D411AA61" box="[1076,1133,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183D2620EFDF56B9D5DBAA61" author="Hauer, T. &amp; Bohunicka, M. &amp; Muehlsteinova, R." box="[1229,1447,1278,1303]" pageId="39" pagination="36 - 44" refId="ref56726" refString="Hauer, T., Bohunicka, M. &amp; Muehlsteinova, R. (2013) Calochaete gen. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Nostocales), a new cyanobacterial type from the &quot; paramo &quot; zone in Costa Rica. Phytotaxa 109 (1): 36 - 44." type="journal article" year="2013">
Hauer
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE0856B9D52EAA61" box="[1306,1362,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183D2620EA425765D237AA4D" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[336,587,1314,1339]" pageId="39" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EAAD5765D18BAA4D" box="[447,503,1314,1339]" italics="true" pageId="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183D2620E9455765D31FAA4D" author="Bohunicka, M. &amp; Pietrasiak, N. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; Berrendero Gomez, E. &amp; Hauer, T. &amp; Gaysina, L. A. &amp; Lukesova, A." box="[599,867,1314,1339]" pageId="39" pagination="84 - 103" refId="ref54560" refString="Bohunicka, M., Pietrasiak, N., Johansen, J. R., Berrendero Gomez, E., Hauer, T., Gaysina, L. A. &amp; Lukesova, A. (2015) Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) - a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae. Phytotaxa 197 (2): 84 - 103." type="journal article" year="2015">
Bohunická
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620E9C55765D373AA4D" box="[727,783,1314,1339]" italics="true" pageId="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183D2620E87D5765D4A4AA4D" author="Berrendero Gomez, E. &amp; Johansen, J. R. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Bohunicka, M. &amp; Capkova, K." box="[879,1240,1314,1339]" pageId="39" pagination="638 - 655" refId="ref54498" refString="Berrendero Gomez, E., Johansen, J. R., Kastovsky, J., Bohunicka, M. &amp; Capkova, K. (2016) Macrochaete gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a taxon morphologically and molecularly distinct from Calothrix. Journal of Phycology 52 (4): 638 - 655." type="journal article" year="2016">
Berrendero Gómez
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EF595765D4F8AA4D" box="[1099,1156,1314,1339]" italics="true" pageId="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A5722D0E6AA0C" box="[136,154,1381,1402]" pageId="39">1.</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A57C5D0ECAAE1" box="[136,144,1410,1431]" pageId="39">-</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A57D8D0E6AAC2" box="[136,154,1439,1460]" pageId="39">2.</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A57FCD0ECAAA6" box="[136,144,1467,1488]" pageId="39">-</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A579FD0E6AA9B" box="[136,154,1496,1517]" pageId="39">3.</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A57B2D0ECA97C" box="[136,144,1525,1546]" pageId="39">-</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A5455D0E7A951" box="[136,155,1554,1575]" pageId="39">4.</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A5468D0ECA932" box="[136,144,1583,1604]" pageId="39">-</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A540CD0E6A916" box="[136,154,1611,1632]" pageId="39">5.</keyLead>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A54C2D0E6A9EC" box="[136,154,1669,1690]" pageId="39">6.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183D2620EB9A54E5D0ECA9C1" box="[136,144,1698,1719]" pageId="39">-</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="E37236A4183D2620EBC15722D5D6A9A2" blockId="39.[211,1452,1381,1748]" pageId="39">
Mature trichomes tapering to fine, hair-like cells which are often hyaline........................................................................................2 Mature trichomes do not taper to fine, hair-like cells.........................................................................................................................3 Sheath lamellated, often funnel-like widened, colourless to yellow-brown in colour. .....................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620EE2F57D8D168AAA6" ID-CoL="Q49Q" authority="Sheath" authorityName="Sheath" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Calothrix" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE2F57D8D531AAC2" box="[1341,1357,1439,1460]" italics="true" pageId="39">C</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE6A57D8D5D7AAC2" box="[1400,1451,1439,1460]" italics="true" pageId="39">fusca</emphasis>
Sheath
</taxonomicName>
fine, hyaline, colourless...............................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE4F57FCD511AAA6" box="[1373,1389,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="39">C</emphasis>
. sp. B Vegetative cells pinkish-red to violet in colour ..................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620EE51579FD144A97C" authority="Vegetative" authorityName="Vegetative" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Calothrix" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="atrichia">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE51579FD5D7AA9B" box="[1347,1451,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="39">C. atrichia</emphasis>
Vegetative
</taxonomicName>
cells blue-green to olive in colour....................................................................................................................................4 Trichomes cylindrical, not or slightly tapered towards the ends....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183D2620EE3A5455D145A932" authority="Trichomes" authorityName="Trichomes" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Rivulariaceae" genus="Calothrix" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="39" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="brevissima">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE3A5455D5D7A951" box="[1320,1451,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="39">C. brevissima</emphasis>
Trichomes
</taxonomicName>
clearly tapered towards the ends.......................................................................................................................................5 Basal heterocytes 3.0–5.5 μm broad .......................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE4F540CD508A916" box="[1373,1396,1611,1632]" italics="true" pageId="39">C.</emphasis>
sp. C Basal heterocytes&gt; 10 μm broad.......................................................................................................................................................6 Filaments typically solitary, up to 220 μm long, vegetative cells 2.2–6.0 μm long × 7.5–14.5 μm broad.............................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE4D54C2D509A9EC" box="[1375,1397,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="39">C.</emphasis>
sp. A Filaments many together forming a dense erect turf, up to
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in length, vegetative cells 3.5–4.6 μm long × 11.2–13.5 μm broad........................................................................................................................................................................................
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EE4E54F8D50FA9A2" box="[1372,1395,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="39">C.</emphasis>
sp. D
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183D2620EB9A5543D12CA86B" bold="true" box="[136,336,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="39">Calothrix atricha</emphasis>
Frémy (1930: 261)
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<paragraph id="E37236A4183D2620EB9A550BD5D4A76F" blockId="39.[136,1452,1868,2073]" pageId="39">Filaments solitary or in small clusters, unbranched, straight or flexuous, up to 200 μm long, gradually tapering towards the ends, 7.5–8.0 μm wide at the base, 4.0–4.5 μm wide towards the ends. Sheaths thin, colourless, not lamellated, open at the ends. Trichomes gradually tapering towards the ends, constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells at the base isodiametric or shorter than broad, 4.4–6.9 μm long × 6.0–7.5 μm broad, towards the ends barrel-shaped up to 2.3 × longer than broad, 4.5–10.0 μm long × 4.0–4.5 μm wide, pinkish-red to violet in colour; apical cells bluntly rounded. Heterocytes basal, solitary spherical to slightly conical, 5.0–7.0 μm long × 3.7–7.5 μm broad. Akinetes not observed.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61832262FEBAF52D8D1D1AFCE" bold="true" box="[189,429,159,184]" pageId="40">Specimens observed</emphasis>
:—Porcupine Ck at Porcupine Gorge Natl Park.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61832262FEBAF5284D120AFAA" bold="true" box="[189,348,195,220]" pageId="40">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing in small clusters amongst submerged aquatic plants and filamentous algae in the shallows of riverine waterholes. The violet colour of mature filaments is distinctive, and consistent with the description of dried
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB61832262FEBF5534CD125AE52" box="[231,345,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="40">C. atricha</emphasis>
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from stagnant waters in equatorial Africa.
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Colonies ± spherical, with a firm, smooth periderm, olive-green to yellow-brown in colour, up to
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in diameter, free-living or amongst other algae and aquatic vegetation. Individual sheaths usually only visible in mature colonies, where filaments may be surrounded by a distinct, often yellowed and slightly lamellated sheath. Vegetative cells ± barrel-shaped, isodiametric or slightly longer than broad, 3.5–5.5 μm long × 4.1–4.8 μm wide. Heterocytes spherical to oval, 5.5–7.9 μm long × 4–6 μm wide. Akinetes oval, 4.4–6.5 μm long × 4.4–6.6 μm wide, up to
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series.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF51B8D1C9AB6E" bold="true" box="[189,437,1023,1048]" pageId="36">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Eurong Beach stream #1, Great Sandy Natl Park, Fraser Is. Section.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF5664D120AB4A" bold="true" box="[189,348,1059,1084]" pageId="36">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing amongst filamentous algae in a shallow, coastal stream draining dune wetlands.
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<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF5600D119AB16" bold="true" box="[189,357,1095,1120]" pageId="36">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183E2623EA955600D26EAB16" box="[391,530,1095,1120]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="36">Queensland</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623E90E5600D2DFAB16" author="May, V." box="[540,675,1095,1120]" pageId="36" pagination="295 - 313" refId="ref60000" refString="May, V. (1978) Areas of recurrence of toxic algae within Burrinjuck Dam, New South Wales, Australia. Telopea 1: 295 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.7751 / telopea 19783501" type="journal article" year="1978">May (1978)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623E9BD5600D31DAB16" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[687,865,1095,1120]" pageId="36" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623E87F5600D474AB16" author="Sonder, O." box="[877,1032,1095,1120]" pageId="36" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref62391" refString="Sonder, O. (1880) Algae Australienae hactenus cognitae. In: Mueller, F. (Ed.) Fragmenta Phytographie Australiae 11: 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1880">Sonder (1880</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623EF015600D433AB16" author="Sonder, O." box="[1043,1103,1095,1120]" pageId="36" pagination="105 - 107" refId="ref62422" refString="Sonder, O. (1881) Algae. In: Mueller, F. (Ed.) Fragmenta Phytographie Australiae 11: 105 - 107." type="journal article" year="1881">1881</bibRefCitation>
).
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</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8ED647571F4098073DDA7B89B65A1F81">
<mods:date id="3B2334EC8B37392DA91C347ABA7E9ACC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="67346244D18E95EC91BA0B1C41FB53A3">2018-07-09</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EB9A534CD3E5AE52" blockId="36.[136,921,267,292]" box="[136,921,267,292]" pageId="36">
<heading id="B83A81C8183E2623EB9A534CD3E5AE52" box="[136,921,267,292]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183E2623EB9A534CD283AE52" authority="Bornet ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 193)" authorityName="Bornet ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1886" box="[136,767,267,292]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="36" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="linckia">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EB9A534CD151AE52" bold="true" box="[136,301,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="36">Nostoc linckia</emphasis>
Bornet ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 193)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A21183E2623E815534CD3E9AE52" box="[775,917,267,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="123.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionText="FIGURE 49. A–D Nostoc linckia. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="36">Fig. 49 A–D</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EB9A5314D5F1AEAE" blockId="36.[136,1452,339,724]" pageId="36">Thallus macroscopic, fine, thin, mucilaginous, blue-green to blackish-green in colour, initially attached to the substrate, later free floating as irregularly clusters. Filaments flexuous, densely entangled, constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells sub-globose to barrel-shaped, 3.0–5.8 μm in diameter. Heterocytes sub-spherical, 4.5–6.5 μm in diameter. Akinetes globose, 6–9 μm long × 4.5–7.0 μm broad, with smooth, colourless to brownish outer cell wall.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F183E2623EBAF53A4D2C5ADA2" pageId="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EBAF53A4D57DAE8A" blockId="36.[136,1452,339,724]" box="[189,1281,483,508]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF53A4D1C9AE8A" bold="true" box="[189,437,483,508]" pageId="36">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Fitzroy R., Endeavour R. at Jensen’s Crossing, Einasleigh R. at Talaroo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EBAF5040D54AAD1E" blockId="36.[136,1452,339,724]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF5040D115AD56" bold="true" box="[189,361,519,544]" pageId="36">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183E2623EA985040D269AD56" box="[394,533,519,544]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="36">Queensland</collectingRegion>
: Reynolds Ck, A.B. Cribb, 1949 (BRI 0701421), Burnett Ck, Mt Barlow, A.B. Cribb, 1973 (BRI 0701422),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623EAD4506CD21DAD32" author="Bailey, F. M." box="[454,609,555,580]" pageId="36" refId="ref54284" refString="Bailey, F. M. (1895) Contributions to the Queensland Flora. Queensland Freshwater Algae. Bot. Bull., Dept. Agric., Queensland, No. 11." type="book" year="1895">Bailey (1895)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623E979506CD37AAD32" author="Bailey, F. M." box="[619,774,555,580]" pageId="36" refId="ref54319" refString="Bailey, F. M. (1913) Algae. In: Bailey, F. M. Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants both Indigenous and Naturalised. Queensland Department of Agriculture, Brisbane, pp. 678 - 682, 792 - 832, 832." type="journal volume" year="1913">Bailey (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, SE
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183E2623E824506CD3C1AD32" box="[822,957,555,580]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="36">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623E8D4506CD405AD32" author="McLeod, J. A." box="[966,1145,555,580]" pageId="36" refId="ref60648" refString="McLeod, J. A. (1975) The freshwater algae of south-eastern Queensland. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane." type="book" year="1975">McLeod (1975)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183E2623EF90506CD536AD32" box="[1154,1354,555,580]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="36">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Barwon Valley Park, Belmont, Geelong, S. Skinner, 2003 (NSW 627347),
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183E2623E87F5008D3B0AD1E" box="[877,972,591,616]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="36">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623E8C75008D4F7AD1E" author="Entwisle, T. J." box="[981,1163,591,616]" pageId="36" refId="ref55667" refString="Entwisle, T. J. (1994) Macroalgae in T. J. Entwisle, Aquatic Cryptogams of Australia: A Guide to the Macroalgae, Larger Fungi, Lichens and Bryophytes of Australian Inland Waters, Australian Society for Limnology, Melourne." type="book" year="1994">Entwisle (1994)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623EF855008D54EAD1E" author="Hardy, A. D." box="[1175,1330,591,616]" pageId="36" pagination="33 - 42" refId="ref56581" refString="Hardy, A. D. (1906) The freshwater algae of Victoria, Part III. Victorian Naturalist 22 (18 - 22): 33 - 42." type="journal article" year="1906">Hardy (1906)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EBAF5034D2C5ADA2" blockId="36.[136,1452,339,724]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF5034D120ADFA" bold="true" box="[189,348,627,652]" pageId="36">Observations</emphasis>
:—Growing in shallow littoral areas and backwaters of streams and rivers. Often detaches from the substrate and becomes free floating in the water column. Australian strains have been associated with the production of the cyanotoxin microcystin (
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623EAF450FCD2D1ADA2" author="Gaget, V. &amp; Humpage, A. R. &amp; Huang, Q. &amp; Monis, P. &amp; Brookes, J. D." box="[486,685,699,724]" pageId="36" pagination="454 - 464" refId="ref56133" refString="Gaget, V., Humpage, A. R., Huang, Q., Monis, P. &amp; Brookes, J. D. (2017) Benthic cyanobacteria: A source of cylindrospermopsin and microcystin in Australian drinking water reservoirs. Water Research 124: 454 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. watres. 2017.07.073" type="journal article" year="2017">
Gaget
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623E92350FCD216ADA2" box="[561,618,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="36">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<heading id="B83A81C8183E2623EB9A56C8D4EFABDE" box="[136,1171,1167,1192]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183E2623EB9A56C8D335ABDE" ID-CoL="47RPN" authority="Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 216)" authorityName="Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="216" authorityYear="1886" box="[136,841,1167,1192]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="36" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="verrucosum">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EB9A56C8D11BABDE" bold="true" box="[136,359,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="36">Nostoc verrucosum</emphasis>
Vaucher ex Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 216)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7BF62A21183E2623E84256C8D395ABDE" box="[848,1001,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="125.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-12@125.[276,1312,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIGURE 51. A–D Nostoc verrucosum. Scale bars A–B = 20 μm, C–D = 50 μm" pageId="36">Figs. 51 A–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7BF62A21183E2623E8E656C8D431ABDE" box="[1012,1101,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="126.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-16@126.[276,1312,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="126" captionText="FIGURE 52. A–B Colonies of Nostoc verrucosum growing on granitic rocks." pageId="36">52 A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7BF62A21183E2623EF4A56C8D4F3ABDE" box="[1112,1167,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="128.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[275,1313,190,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-16@128.[275,1313,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="128" captionText="FIGURE 54. A–C Wollea ambigua; D Colonies of Wollea saccata; Colonies of Nostoc verrucosum. Scale bars = 20 μm" pageId="36">54 E</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EB9A5690D215AAD2" blockId="36.[136,1452,1239,1768]" pageId="36">
Colonies gelatinous, initially irregularly spherical to ellipsoidal, when mature, folded, lobate and hollow,
<quantity id="24359B41183E2623EE3E5690D5F2AB86" box="[1324,1422,1239,1264]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="36" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
in diameter, olive-green to brownish in colour, filaments densely entangled. Trichomes flexuous, ± indistinct sheaths, sometimes obvious around individual filaments in mature colonies, constricted at the cross walls. Vegetative cells shortly barrel-shaped, isodiametric or slightly shorter than wide, 2.5–3.7 μm long × 3.2–4.8 μm wide, dull blue-green in colour. Heterocytes sub-spherical, 4.2–6.2 μm in diameter. Akinetes sub-spherical, single or in series, 3.8–5.2 μm in diameter, with smooth colourless cell wall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F183E2623EBAF57E8D395A99E" pageId="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EBAF57E8D51DAABE" blockId="36.[136,1452,1239,1768]" box="[189,1377,1455,1480]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF57E8D1C9AABE" bold="true" box="[189,437,1455,1480]" pageId="36">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—Cattle Ck at Gargett, Christmas Ck at Stinson Memorial Park, Isaac R. at Yatton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EBAF5794D3C5A942" blockId="36.[136,1452,1239,1768]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF5794D120AA9A" bold="true" box="[189,348,1491,1516]" pageId="36">Observations</emphasis>
:—Forming conspicuous macroscopic colonies on granitic rocks in clear, flowing streams, frequently along with
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183E2623EA1F57B0D182A966" authorityName="H. C. Wood ex Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[269,510,1527,1552]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostochopsidaceae" genus="Nostochopsis" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Stigonematales" pageId="36" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="lobatus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EA1F57B0D182A966" box="[269,510,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="36">Nostochopsis lobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mature colonies may elongate and break away from the surface, becoming free floating in the water column. Considered cosmopolitan (Komárek 2013).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183E2623EBAF5478D395A99E" blockId="36.[136,1452,1239,1768]" pageId="36">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183E2623EBAF5478D110A92E" bold="true" box="[189,364,1599,1624]" pageId="36">Other records</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF9183E2623EA9F5478D0A5A90A" collectionCode="MEL" collectorName="D'Aguilar Range" location="Entwisle" municipality="Mt Glorious-Dundas Rd" pageId="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183E2623EA9F5478D264A92E" box="[397,536,1599,1624]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="36">Queensland</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="4E385372183E2623E93B5478D288A92E" box="[553,756,1599,1624]" pageId="36">D’Aguilar Range</collectorName>
, Northbrook Ck,
<collectingMunicipality id="0316ACDE183E2623E8D95478D497A92E" box="[971,1259,1599,1624]" pageId="36">Mt Glorious-Dundas Rd</collectingMunicipality>
,
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, 1993 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF9183E2623EBF15424D4DBA90A" box="[227,1191,1635,1660]" collectionCode="MEL" county="Old Koreelah" location="Entwisle" municipality="Mt Barney" pageId="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectingRegion id="2109F846183E2623EBF15424D1D2A90A" box="[227,430,1635,1660]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="36">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
: Woodenbong Ck,
<collectingCounty id="0A134E28183E2623E9925424D367A90A" box="[640,795,1635,1660]" pageId="36">Old Koreelah</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="0316ACDE183E2623E8375424D3E2A90A" box="[805,926,1635,1660]" pageId="36">Mt Barney</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="E612607F183E2623E8BA5424D471A90A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B2183E2623EB9A56C8D395A99E:E612607F183E2623E8BA5424D471A90A" box="[936,1037,1635,1660]" county="Old Koreelah" municipality="Mt Barney" name="Entwisle" pageId="36" stateProvince="New South Wales">Entwisle</location>
, 1997 (
<collectionCode id="85DCAE61183E2623EF4C5424D4E3A90A" box="[1118,1183,1635,1660]" country="Nicaragua" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hd8z-yxxc" name="Museo Entomologico de Leon" pageId="36" type="Museum or Herbarium: Private non-profit">MEL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF9183E2623EFA35424D27DA9D6" collectionCode="MEL" location="Entwisle" municipality="Sherard Falls" pageId="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectingMunicipality id="0316ACDE183E2623EFA35424D534A90A" box="[1201,1352,1635,1660]" pageId="36">Sherard Falls</collectingMunicipality>
, Dorrigo Natl Park,
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, 1997 (
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,
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<collectingCounty id="0A134E28183E2623E91F54C0D2BEA9D6" box="[525,706,1671,1696]" pageId="36">Junction of Peel</collectingCounty>
R. and
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,
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, 1977 (
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R.,
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<collectingDate id="8737E98C183E2623EB9A54ECD082A9B2" box="[136,254,1707,1732]" pageId="36" value="1977-05">May 1977</collectingDate>
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, (
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<collectorName id="4E385372183E2623EAA854ECD271A9B2" box="[442,525,1707,1732]" pageId="36">Peel R.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="4E385372183E2623E90854ECD232A9B2" box="[538,590,1707,1732]" pageId="36">May</collectorName>
, 1977 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF9183E2623E85854ECD560A9B2" box="[842,1308,1707,1732]" collectionCode="MEL" collectorName="Krui R." location="Entwisle" pageId="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectorName id="4E385372183E2623E85854ECD3DDA9B2" box="[842,929,1707,1732]" pageId="36">Krui R.</collectorName>
, Collaroy,
<location id="E612607F183E2623EF0E54ECD4FDA9B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B2183E2623EB9A56C8D395A99E:E612607F183E2623EF0E54ECD4FDA9B2" box="[1052,1153,1707,1732]" name="Entwisle" pageId="36" stateProvince="New South Wales">Entwisle</location>
, 1997 (
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</materialsCitation>
,
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<collectorName id="4E385372183E2623EE3454ECD5DBA9B2" box="[1318,1447,1707,1732]" pageId="36">Ashfield, S</collectorName>
.
<location id="E612607F183E2623EB9A5488D09DA99E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B6487B2183E2623EB9A56C8D395A99E:E612607F183E2623EB9A5488D09DA99E" box="[136,225,1743,1768]" name="Skinner" pageId="36" stateProvince="New South Wales">Skinner</location>
, 2000 (
<collectionCode id="85DCAE61183E2623EA215488D10BA99E" box="[307,375,1743,1768]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" name="Royal Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of New South Wales" pageId="36" type="Herbarium">NSW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="53A53CF9183E2623EA985488D399A99E" box="[394,997,1743,1768]" collectingDate="1978-05" collectionCode="NSW" collectorName="Murray's &amp; Griffith" pageId="36" specimenCode="A3122" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectorName id="4E385372183E2623EA985488D18DA99E" box="[394,497,1743,1768]" pageId="36">Murray’s</collectorName>
ricefield,
<collectorName id="4E385372183E2623E9715488D2C7A99E" box="[611,699,1743,1768]" pageId="36">Griffith</collectorName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183E2623E9D45488D344A99E" author="May, V." box="[710,824,1743,1768]" pageId="36" pagination="295 - 313" refId="ref60000" refString="May, V. (1978) Areas of recurrence of toxic algae within Burrinjuck Dam, New South Wales, Australia. Telopea 1: 295 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.7751 / telopea 19783501" type="journal article" year="1978">
<date id="97731064183E2623E9D45488D344A99E" box="[710,824,1743,1768]" pageId="36" value="1978-05">
<collectingDate id="8737E98C183E2623E9D45488D344A99E" box="[710,824,1743,1768]" pageId="36" value="1978-05">May 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
</bibRefCitation>
(
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<specimenCode id="B36B9EDF183E2623E89E5488D3A1A99E" box="[908,989,1743,1768]" collectionCode="NSW" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15627" name="Royal Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of New South Wales" pageId="36" type="Herbarium">A3122</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

119
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<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183F2622EB9A5711D24EAA19" authority="Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 223)" authorityName="Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1886" box="[136,562,1366,1391]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Aphanizomenonaceae" genus="Wollea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="37" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183F2622EB9A5711D0A9AA19" box="[136,213,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="37">Wollea</emphasis>
Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 223)
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="E37236A4183F2622EB9A573BD22BAAE7" blockId="37.[136,599,1366,1425]" box="[136,599,1404,1425]" pageId="37">
<typeStatus id="3C768806183F2622EB9A573BD0C7AAE7" box="[136,187,1404,1425]" pageId="37">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183F2622EBD6573BD22BAAE7" authority="Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 233)" authorityName="Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityPageNumber="233" authorityYear="1886" box="[196,599,1404,1425]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Aphanizomenonaceae" genus="Wollea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="37" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="saccata">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183F2622EBD6573BD157AAE7" box="[196,299,1404,1425]" italics="true" pageId="37">W. saccata</emphasis>
Bornet &amp; Flahault (1886: 233)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183F2622EB9A5785D204A9F9" blockId="37.[136,1452,1474,1787]" pageId="37">Filamentous, colonial; colonies macroscopic, gelatinous, smooth, irregularly cylindrical or subspherical, sometimes tube-like. Trichomes the same width along the entire length, straight or slightly curved, uniseriate, unbranched, not attenuated or widened at the ends, deeply constricted at the cross walls; apical cells rounded; irregular to parallelly and densely arranged in common, diffluent mucilage. Heterocytes intercalary, solitary. Akinetes arise paraheterocytically, either side of the heterocytes, in short series, spherical or oval. Vegetative cells divide crosswise by binary fission. Reproduction by production of hormogonia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183F2622EBAF54DDD256A98D" blockId="37.[136,1452,1474,1787]" pageId="37">
A genus of nine species known from freshwater lakes and reservoirs, rivers and estuaries. Here three species are described from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="9BDA7634183F2622EAC754F9D243A9A1" box="[469,575,1726,1751]" name="Australia" pageId="37">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Bibliography:
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183F2622E9FD54F9D3ACA9A1" author="Desikachary, T. V." box="[751,976,1726,1751]" pageId="37" refId="ref55320" refString="Desikachary, T. V. (1959) Cyanophyta. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research." type="book" year="1959">Desikachary (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, Komárek (2013),
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183F2622EFBA54F9D5DBA9A1" author="Komarek, J. &amp; Kastovsky, J. &amp; Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R." box="[1192,1447,1726,1751]" pageId="37" pagination="295 - 335" refId="ref58732" refString="Komarek, J., Kastovsky, J., Mares, J. &amp; Johansen, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86 (4): 295 - 335." type="journal article" year="2014">
Komárek
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183F2622EE0A54F9D52EA9A1" box="[1304,1362,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="37">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="875C4B55183F2622EB9A54A5D25AA98D" author="Kozlikova-Zapomelova, E. &amp; Ferrari, G. &amp; Perez, M. C." box="[136,550,1762,1787]" pageId="37" pagination="189 - 200" refId="ref58781" refString="Kozlikova-Zapomelova, E., Ferrari, G. &amp; del Perez, M. C. (2016) Dolichospermum uruguayense sp. nov., a planktic nostocacean cyanobacterium from the Lower Uruguay River, South America. Fottea 16 (2): 189 - 200." type="journal article" year="2016">
Kozlíková-Zapomělová
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183F2622EA8B54A5D1ADA98D" box="[409,465,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="37">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<key id="975C6195183F2622EB9A5562D0E6A802" pageId="37">
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<keyLead id="583C9591183F2622EB9A5562D0E6A84C" box="[136,154,1829,1850]" pageId="37">1.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E37236A4183F2622EB9A5505D0ECA821" blockId="37.[136,154,1829,1908]" box="[136,144,1858,1879]" pageId="37">
<keyLead id="583C9591183F2622EB9A5505D0ECA821" box="[136,144,1858,1879]" pageId="37">-</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="583C9591183F2622EB9A5518D0E6A802" box="[136,154,1887,1908]" pageId="37">
<keyStep id="58392E01183F2622EB9A5518D0E6A802" box="[136,154,1887,1908]" pageId="37">2.</keyStep>
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<paragraph id="E37236A4183F2622EB9A55DFD0ECA8DB" blockId="37.[136,144,1944,1965]" box="[136,144,1944,1965]" pageId="37">-</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ABD7652F183F2622EBC15562D5D6A8DB" pageId="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="E37236A4183F2622EBC15562D5D6A8DB" blockId="37.[211,1451,1829,1965]" pageId="37">
Filaments solitary or in small clusters, not forming macroscopic colonies ......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183F2622EE2B5562D14EA821" authority="Filaments" authorityName="Filaments" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Aphanizomenonaceae" genus="Wollea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="37" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="ambigua">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183F2622EE2B5562D5D7A84C" box="[1337,1451,1829,1850]" italics="true" pageId="37">W. ambigua</emphasis>
Filaments
</taxonomicName>
arranged into mucilaginous macroscopic colonies............................................................................................................2 Colonies cylindrical, club-shaped when young, when mature variously branched, erect, tentacular, with tube-like projections....... ....................................................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183F2622EE1C553CD154A8DB" authority="Colonies" authorityName="Colonies" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Aphanizomenonaceae" genus="Wollea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="37" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="bharadwajae">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183F2622EE1C553CD5D7A8E6" box="[1294,1451,1915,1936]" italics="true" pageId="37">W. bharadwajae</emphasis>
Colonies
</taxonomicName>
cylindrical, finger-like, not typically branched ...................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="24CD4D27183F2622EE5655DFD5D6A8DB" authorityName="Bornet &amp; Flahault" authorityYear="1886" box="[1348,1450,1944,1965]" class="Cyanobacteriia" family="Aphanizomenonaceae" genus="Wollea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Cyanobacteriales" pageId="37" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="species" species="saccata">
<emphasis id="D1B9EAB6183F2622EE5655DFD5D6A8DB" box="[1348,1450,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="37">W. saccata</emphasis>
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<mods:title id="27F9BB337AD51CEAAE1BB2115A1F9C3D">A new combination in Leontodon (Asteraceae, Cichorieae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F71F36B9FFED7A1BE7F04246FC4DB98F" blockId="1.[136,983,1652,1679]" box="[136,983,1652,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
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<taxonomicName id="30A04D3AFFED7A1BE7F04246FDEBB98F" ID-CoL="3T6S3" authority="(F. K. Meyer) F. Conti" authorityName="F. Conti" baseAuthorityName="F. K. Meyer" box="[136,625,1652,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Leontodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albanicus">
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFED7A1BE7F04246FEE6B98F" bold="true" box="[136,380,1652,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Leontodon albanicus</emphasis>
(F.K.Meyer) F. Conti
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,
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFED7A1BE5044244FCCFB98F" bold="true" box="[636,853,1654,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">comb. &amp; stat. nov.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="6F9B2A3CFFED7A1BE41C4244FC57B98F" box="[868,973,1654,1679]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,754,775]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,229,1700,1721]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,801,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure-29@2.[151,1436,801,1675]" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Phyllary hairs from a specimen collected on Mt. Nëmerçkë." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Leaf hairs from a specimen collected on Mt. Nëmerçkë." pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFBA6532FFED7A1BE7F042AEFCB1B9B1" box="[136,811,1692,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F71F36B9FFED7A1BE7F042AEFCB1B9B1" blockId="1.[136,1451,1692,1785]" box="[136,811,1692,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFED7A1BE7F042AEFF77B9B1" bold="true" box="[136,237,1692,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Basionym</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="30A04D3AFFED7A1BE67442AEFCBCB9B1" ID-CoL="3T6S3" authority="Meyer (2011: 170)" authorityName="Meyer" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="2011" box="[268,806,1692,1713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Leontodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="incanus" subSpecies="albanicus">
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFED7A1BE67442AEFE5EB9B1" box="[268,452,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Leontodon incanus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFED7A1BE57442AEFDF3B9B1" box="[524,617,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">albanicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="93314B48FFED7A1BE51742AEFCBCB9B1" author="Meyer, F. K." box="[623,806,1692,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" pagination="1 - 220" refId="ref2892" refString="Meyer, F. K. (2011) Beitrage zur Flora von Albanien. Haussknechtia 15: 1 - 220." type="journal article" year="2011">Meyer (2011: 170)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFBA6532FFED7A1BE7F042F2FDC6B71B" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F71F36B9FFED7A1BE7F042F2FE72B9F9" blockId="1.[136,1451,1692,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFED7A1BE7F042F2FF20B9D5" bold="true" box="[136,186,1728,1749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Type</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="8FB77629FFED7A1BE7AF42F2FED2B9D5" box="[215,328,1728,1749]" name="Albania" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">ALBANIA</collectingCountry>
. Mali i Gjer (Mali Gjinezh), zwischen Qafa Gradishtit und Qafa Piloit, ca.
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,
<date id="831E1079FFED7A1BE30742F2FA9EB9D5" box="[1151,1284,1728,1749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" value="1959-06-26">26 June 1959</date>
,
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.
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFED7A1BE25A42F2FAAEB9D5" box="[1314,1332,1728,1749]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
.Meyer 3397
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="281B881BFFED7A1BE7BC42D6FE80B9F9" box="[196,282,1764,1785]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFED7A1BE66742D6FEA3B9F9" box="[287,313,1764,1785]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15444" name="Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena" pageId="1" pageNumber="288" type="Herbarium">JE</collectionCode>
, [digital image]!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F71F36B9FFED7A1BE7F04318FDC6B71B" blockId="1.[136,1452,1834,2075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFED7A1BE7F04318FE1DB843" bold="true" box="[136,391,1834,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="288">Emended description</emphasis>
:—Perennial with a taproot and 1 unbranched stem up to ca.
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tall. Stem ribbed with short stalked 5–9-fid hairs; bracts 0–3. Basal leaves rosulate, 40–130 ×
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, oblanceolate, sinuate-dentate, greyishgreen, with dense, stalked (4–) 8 (–9)-fid hairs on both surfaces. Capitulum solitary. Involucre
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, phyllaries linear-lanceolate, in several rows, outer with sparse to dense flexuose long stalked 2–8-fid hairs, pectinate-ciliate with stellate hairs in the upper part. Ligules yellow. Achene
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with minute rigid hairs above, narrowed towards apex. Pappus off-white,
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long, denticulate or plumose with a few longer hairs
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. Flowering from end of May to beginning of July, fruiting in July.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEE7A18E7F046C0FF64BC07" bold="true" box="[136,254,754,775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Phyllary hairs from a specimen collected on Mt. Nëmerçkë.
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<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEE7A18E7F04296FF64B9B9" bold="true" box="[136,254,1700,1721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Leaf hairs from a specimen collected on Mt. Nëmerçkë.
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<subSubSection id="BFBA6532FFEE7A19E7C542DBFD6CBE49" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEE7A18E7C542DBFE7CB802" bold="true" box="[189,486,1769,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:—The species is endemic to southern
<collectingCountry id="8FB77629FFEE7A18E4DD42DBFC64B802" box="[933,1022,1769,1794]" name="Albania" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Albania</collectingCountry>
and
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, in a restricted area. It is known from Gjirokastër district (Rrethi i Gjirokastrës) near Fushë Bardhë and Mt. Nëmerçkë.
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<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEE7A18E7C54303FDA3B84A" bold="true" box="[189,569,1841,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="47C83CE4FFEE7A18E5224303FB7CB84A" box="[602,1254,1841,1866]" collectorName="Gjirokastres" country="Albania" location="District" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gjirokaster">
<collectingCountry id="8FB77629FFEE7A18E5224303FD44B84A" box="[602,734,1841,1866]" name="Albania" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">ALBANIA</collectingCountry>
.
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of
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(Rrethi i
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E3294303FB45B84A" box="[1105,1247,1841,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Gjirokastrës</collectorName>
)
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;
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above the valley of brook “Pirdu” near Fushë Bardhë, between pass
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E5BA4367FC8EB86E" box="[706,788,1877,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Dardhë</collectorName>
and
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</materialsCitation>
;
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in deciduos forest, on limestone,
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,
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,
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,
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.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E5DD434BFD7BB892" box="[677,737,1912,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Mező</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E47C434BFCFBB892" box="[772,865,1913,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">D. Pifkó</collectorName>
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19216 (
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!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="47C83CE4FFEE7A18E378434BFC88B8B6" collectingDate="2011-05-21" collectionCode="Z, H, BP" collectorName="Barina &amp; Mezo &amp; D. Pifko" country="Albania" elevation="1500" latitude="40.0935" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="19.96225" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
idem,
<geoCoordinate id="9294507EFFEE7A18E33E434BFB21B892" box="[1094,1211,1913,1938]" degrees="40.0935" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" precision="5" value="40.0935">40.0935 N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9294507EFFEE7A18E3BA434BFADFB892" box="[1218,1349,1913,1938]" degrees="19.96225" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" precision="1" value="19.96225">19.96225 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="30589B5CFFEE7A18E228434BFA3DB892" box="[1360,1447,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation id="7C8DD18AFFEE7A18E228434BFA3DB892" box="[1360,1447,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="831E1079FFEE7A18E7F043AFFE84B8B6" box="[136,286,1949,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" value="2011-05-21">
<collectingDate id="935AE991FFEE7A18E7F043AFFE84B8B6" box="[136,286,1949,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" value="2011-05-21">21 May 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEE7A18E65143AFFDE5B8B6" box="[297,639,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E65143AFFEA6B8B6" box="[297,316,1949,1974]" country="Switzerland" name="Universität Zürich" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">Z</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E63E43AFFE0DB8B6" box="[326,407,1949,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Barina</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E6D943AFFE23B8B6" box="[417,441,1949,1974]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E6BB43AFFE65B8B6" box="[451,511,1948,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Mező</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E55A43AFFDE5B8B6" box="[546,639,1949,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">D. Pifkó</collectorName>
</emphasis>
19217 (
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E5A343AFFC9FB8B6" box="[731,773,1949,1974]" country="Hungary" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13261" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">BP</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="47C83CE4FFEE7A18E45C43AFFA3CB8DA" collectingDate="2012-07-12" collectionCode="APP" collectorName="Conti &amp; Manilla &amp; Nos." country="Albania" county="Nemercka" elevation="2180" latitude="40.134724" location="Papingut" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="20.409166" municipality="Maja" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="1E7E4E35FFEE7A18E45C43AFFC00B8B6" box="[804,922,1949,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Nemercka</collectingCounty>
, near the summit (
<collectingMunicipality id="177BACC3FFEE7A18E31E43AFFB38B8B6" box="[1126,1186,1949,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Maja</collectingMunicipality>
e
<location id="F27F6062FFEE7A18E3C343AFFAB9B8B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F0987AFFFED7A19E7F04246FD6CBE49:F27F6062FFEE7A18E3C343AFFAB9B8B6" box="[1211,1315,1949,1974]" country="Albania" county="Nemercka" latitude="40.134724" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="20.409166" municipality="Maja" name="Papingut" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Papingut</location>
), calcareous scree slopes,
<quantity id="30589B5CFFEE7A18E65B43F3FEE4B8DA" box="[291,382,1985,2010]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="2180.0">
<elevation id="7C8DD18AFFEE7A18E65B43F3FEE4B8DA" box="[291,382,1985,2010]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="2180.0">2180 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9294507EFFEE7A18E6F543F3FD80B8DA" box="[397,538,1985,2010]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" precision="15" seconds="05" value="40.134724">40°08’05’’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9294507EFFEE7A18E55C43F3FD2BB8DA" box="[548,689,1985,2010]" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" precision="15" seconds="33" value="20.409166">20°24’33’’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="831E1079FFEE7A18E5B843F3FCC0B8DA" box="[704,858,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" value="2012-07-12">
<collectingDate id="935AE991FFEE7A18E5B843F3FCC0B8DA" box="[704,858,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" value="2012-07-12">12 July 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEE7A18E41143F3FBC1B8DA" box="[873,1115,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E41143F3FC3DB8DA" box="[873,935,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Conti</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E4A943F3FBB0B8DA" box="[977,1066,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Manilla</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E31543F3FB3BB8DA" box="[1133,1185,1985,2010]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13085" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13085" name="Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga - Università di Camerino" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">APP</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E3D443F3FB7AB8DA" box="[1196,1248,1985,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Nos.</collectorName>
48886!, 55528!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="47C83CE4FFEE7A18E7F043D7FBC1B722" collectingDate="2015-06-26" collectionCode="F, R, N, A, S, I, APP" collectorName="Conti, D &amp; Di Pietro &amp; Kuzmanovic &amp; Stinca &amp; Durovic &amp; Jankovic &amp; Pennesi &amp; No." country="Albania" elevation="2300" location="Mt. Nemercke" municipality="Tra Polican" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="177BACC3FFEE7A18E7F043D7FE93B8FE" box="[136,265,2021,2046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Tra Poliçan</collectingMunicipality>
e la vetta del
<location id="F27F6062FFEE7A18E6D043D7FDD4B8FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F0987AFFFED7A19E7F04246FD6CBE49:F27F6062FFEE7A18E6D043D7FDD4B8FE" box="[424,590,2021,2046]" country="Albania" municipality="Tra Polican" name="Mt. Nemercke" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Mt. Nëmerçkë</location>
, pendii rupestri e pascoli,
<quantity id="30589B5CFFEE7A18E40E43D7FC57B8FE" box="[886,973,2021,2046]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="2300.0">
<elevation id="7C8DD18AFFEE7A18E40E43D7FC57B8FE" box="[886,973,2021,2046]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="831E1079FFEE7A18E4A243D7FBE9B8FE" box="[986,1139,2021,2046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" value="2015-06-26">
<collectingDate id="935AE991FFEE7A18E4A243D7FBE9B8FE" box="[986,1139,2021,2046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" value="2015-06-26">26 June 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEE7A18E30643D7FC12B722" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E30643D7FB15B8FE" box="[1150,1167,2021,2046]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E3E343D7FB65B8FE" box="[1179,1279,2021,2046]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Conti, D</collectorName>
. Lakušić,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E20843D7FA1EB8FE" box="[1392,1412,2021,2046]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E2F743D7FF4AB722" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Di Pietro</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E7A34C3BFF6BB722" box="[219,241,2057,2082]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E7834C3BFE1FB722" box="[251,389,2056,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Kuzmanović</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E6EA4C3BFE3CB722" box="[402,422,2057,2082]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E6C94C3BFE60B722" box="[433,506,2057,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Stinca</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E57C4C3BFD8FB722" box="[516,533,2057,2082]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E5584C3BFDE0B722" box="[544,634,2056,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Durović</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E5F04C3BFD0FB722" box="[648,661,2057,2082]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E5E74C3BFC98B722" box="[671,770,2056,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Janković</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E4684C3BFCBEB722" box="[784,804,2057,2082]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E4574C3BFC12B722" box="[815,904,2057,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Pennesi</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEE7A18E4ED4C3BFC53B722" box="[917,969,2057,2082]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13085" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13085" name="Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga - Università di Camerino" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" type="Herbarium">APP</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEE7A18E4A84C3BFC60B722" box="[976,1018,2057,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">No.</collectorName>
56996!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="47C83CE4FFEE7A19E31F4C3BFA3CBFB9" collectingDate="2015-06-28" collectionCode="F, R, A, APP" collectorName="Conti &amp; Di Pietro &amp; Stinca" country="Albania" county="Mt. Nemercke" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="290" location="Nos." municipality="Pennesi" pageId="2" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="1E7E4E35FFEE7A18E31F4C3BFA91B722" box="[1127,1291,2057,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="289">Mt. Nëmerçkë</collectingCounty>
, circo glaciale principale, pendii rupestri,
<date id="831E1079FFEF7A19E6D74492FDD8BFB9" box="[431,578,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" value="2015-06-28">
<collectingDate id="935AE991FFEF7A19E6D74492FDD8BFB9" box="[431,578,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" value="2015-06-28">28 June 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEF7A19E5324492FB86BFB9" box="[586,1052,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E5324492FDC1BFB9" box="[586,603,160,185]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E51B4492FD3EBFB9" box="[611,676,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Conti</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E5D44492FD5ABFB9" box="[684,704,160,185]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E5B14492FCABBFB9" box="[713,817,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Di Pietro</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E4414492FCD7BFB9" box="[825,845,160,185]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E42D4492FC04BFB9" box="[853,926,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Stinca</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E4DF4492FC21BFB9" box="[935,955,160,185]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="177BACC3FFEF7A19E4BB4492FB86BFB9" box="[963,1052,160,185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Pennesi</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E3504492FBC6BFB9" box="[1064,1116,160,185]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13085" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13085" name="Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga - Università di Camerino" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">APP</collectionCode>
<location id="F27F6062FFEF7A19E3184492FB0FBFB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F0987AFFFED7A19E7F04246FD6CBE49:F27F6062FFEF7A19E3184492FB0FBFB9" box="[1120,1173,160,185]" country="Albania" county="Mt. Nemercke" municipality="Pennesi" name="Nos." pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Nos.</location>
57114!, 57115!, 57118!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="47C83CE4FFEF7A19E7F044F6FC79BE01" collectingDate="2015-06-24" collectionCode="N, S, I, BEOU" collectorName="Daphno-Festucetea &amp; D. Lakusic &amp; Kuzmanovic &amp; Durovic &amp; Jankovic &amp; No." country="Albania" elevation="1960" latitude="40.06483" location="Dousko" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="20.479923" municipality="Nemercke" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="177BACC3FFEF7A19E7F044F6FF64BFDD" box="[136,254,196,221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Nemërçkë</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="F27F6062FFEF7A19E67044F6FEF8BFDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F0987AFFFED7A19E7F04246FD6CBE49:F27F6062FFEF7A19E67044F6FEF8BFDD" box="[264,354,196,221]" country="Albania" latitude="40.06483" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="20.479923" municipality="Nemercke" name="Dousko" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Dousko</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9294507EFFEF7A19E61444F6FD9ABFDD" box="[364,512,196,221]" degrees="40.064832" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" precision="1" value="40.06483">40.064832 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9294507EFFEF7A19E57244F6FD00BFDD" box="[522,666,196,221]" degrees="20.479923" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" precision="1" value="20.479923">20.479923 E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity id="30589B5CFFEF7A19E5B544F6FCB9BFDD" box="[717,803,196,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1960.0">
<elevation id="7C8DD18AFFEF7A19E5B544F6FCB9BFDD" box="[717,803,196,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="1960.0">1960 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, alpine grasslands,
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEF7A19E48244F6FB4DBFDD" box="[1018,1239,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E48244F6FB4DBFDD" box="[1018,1239,196,221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Daphno-Festucetea</collectorName>
</emphasis>
limestone,
<date id="831E1079FFEF7A19E22E44F6FF59BE01" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" value="2015-06-24">
<collectingDate id="935AE991FFEF7A19E22E44F6FF59BE01" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" value="2015-06-24">24 June 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="C5D4EAABFFEF7A19E7B544DAFD65BE01" box="[205,767,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E7B544DAFEA5BE01" box="[205,319,231,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">D.Lakušić</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E63444DAFEF8BE01" box="[332,354,232,257]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E61444DAFE6CBE01" box="[364,502,231,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Kuzmanović</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E57B44DAFD8EBE01" box="[515,532,232,257]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E56644D5FDE2BE01" box="[542,632,231,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Đurović</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E5FD44DAFD08BE01" box="[645,658,232,257]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E5E444DAFD65BE01" box="[668,767,231,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Janković</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="91B1AE7CFFEF7A19E47544DAFCC1BE01" box="[781,859,232,257]" country="Serbia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14477" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14477" name="University of Belgrade" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" type="Herbarium">BEOU</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="5A55536FFFEF7A19E41844DAFC10BE01" box="[864,906,232,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">No.</collectorName>
42346)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="47C83CE4FFEF7A19E49444DAFD69BE49" collectingDate="2015-06-24" collectionCode="N, R, S, I, APP" collectorName="D. Lakusic &amp; Kuzmanovic &amp; Di Pietro &amp; Durovic &amp; Jankovic &amp; No." country="Greece" county="Ioannina Nemercke" latitude="40.06297" location="Daphno-Festucetea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="20.48703" municipality="Dousko" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="8FB77629FFEF7A19E49444DAFBC7BE01" box="[1004,1117,232,257]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">GREECE</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCounty id="1E7E4E35FFEF7A19E31D44DAFAD9BE01" box="[1125,1347,232,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Ioannina Nemërçkë</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="177BACC3FFEF7A19E23544DAFA3DBE01" box="[1357,1447,232,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="290">Dousko</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9294507EFFEF7A19E7F0453EFE92BE25" box="[136,264,268,293]" degrees="40.06297" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="290" precision="1" value="40.06297">40.06297N</geoCoordinate>
,
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<emphasis id="36D53551FFB0FFE306EDFCD1FEDD3043" bold="true" box="[136,287,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">Labrocarpon</emphasis>
Etayo &amp; Pérez-Ortega
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, in
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<bibCitation id="D18BE12FFFB0FFE3042FFCD7FB7B3043" author="Perez-Ortega &amp; Etayo" box="[586,1209,772,797]" issue="3" journal="Lichenologist" page="271" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" score="4.864797368871433" volume="42" year="2010">
Pérez-Ortega &amp; Etayo,
<bibCitation id="D18BE12FFFB0FFE30535FCD7FB7B3043" box="[848,1209,772,797]" issue="3" journal="Lichenologist" page="271" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" score="4.864797368871433" volume="42" year="2010">Lichenologist 42(3): 271 (2010)</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4CBBBAC8FFB0FFE306EDFCF9FEAA303D" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="041EE943FFB0FFE306EDFCF9FEAA303D" blockId="8.[136,1451,810,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="36D53551FFB0FFE306EDFCF9FEC33061" box="[136,257,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus id="DB1A57E1FFB0FFE306EDFCF9FF773061" box="[136,181,810,831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="C3A192C0FFB0FFE30775FCF9FCAF3061" authority="(D. Hawksw.) Etayo &amp; Perez-Ortega" authorityName="Etayo &amp; Perez-Ortega" baseAuthorityName="D. Hawksw." box="[272,877,810,831]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Melaspileaceae" genus="Labrocarpon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Eremithallales" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="canariense">
<emphasis id="36D53551FFB0FFE30775FCF9FE3C3061" box="[272,510,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">Labrocarpon canariense</emphasis>
(D. Hawksw.) Etayo &amp; Pérez-Ortega
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘canariensis’], in
<bibCitation id="D18BE12FFFB0FFE30227FCF9FEAA303D" author="Perez-Ortega &amp; Etayo" issue="3" journal="Lichenologist" page="272" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" score="4.864797368871433" volume="42" year="2010">
Pérez-Ortega &amp; Etayo,
<bibCitation id="D18BE12FFFB0FFE30342FCF9FEAA303D" issue="3" journal="Lichenologist" page="272" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" score="4.864797368871433" volume="42" year="2010">Lichenologist 42(3): 272 (2010)</bibCitation>
</bibCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

97
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<heading id="5F565E2FFFB0FFE306EDFD45FCD031EF" box="[136,786,662,689]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="C3A192C0FFB0FFE306EDFD45FE5931EF" ID-CoL="57LB" ID-ENA="1619895" authority="Korb., Parerga" authorityName="Korb., Parerga" box="[136,411,662,689]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Parmulariaceae" genus="Karschia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Asterinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="71" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="36D53551FFB0FFE306EDFD45FF3231EF" bold="true" box="[136,240,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">Karschia</emphasis>
Körb., Parerga
</taxonomicName>
lichenol. (Breslau) 5: 459 (1865)
</heading>
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<emphasis id="36D53551FFB0FFE306EDFD6DFEC2318D" box="[136,256,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">
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species
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:
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<emphasis id="36D53551FFB0FFE30768FD6DFE0E318D" box="[269,460,702,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="71">Karschia talcophila</emphasis>
(Ach.) Körb., Parerga
</taxonomicName>
lichenol. (Breslau) 5: 460 (1865)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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